1. health and fitness
2. disease

Diseases
MANUAL
CONCISE
A
PATHOLOGY,
SPECIAL
FOR
Horsemen,
THEM
TREAT
TO
HOW
Horse,
the
of
OF
Stock-Raisers,
Farmers,
Colleges
By
USE
THE
in
and
Students
United
the
CHAWNEE,
EGBERT
SURGEON.
VETERINARY
PHILADELPHIA:
"
PORTER
822
Chestnut
COATES,
Street.
States.
in
cultural
Agri-
^51
CMS
"o7H
Entered
according
By
In
the
Office
of
the
to
Act
of
ROBERT
Librarian
Congress,
in
the
year
1874,
CHAWNER,
of
Congress,
at
Washington,
D.
C.
PREFACE.
oft-expressed
handbook
many
books
this
and
there
is
offered
now
republications
Percival's
works.
mine
of
that, in
medical
science
present
time)
of
in
horses
in
years
afflicted
equine
times.
"
why
the
horse.
new
Epizootic
and
in
race
be
former
and
years.
simply
are
and
ment
argu-
any
of
the
the
owners
of
ment
treat-
past twenty
diseases,
old
of
Spinal Meningitis)
and
country
altered
were
in
from
character
acquainted.
in
have
elsewhere.
injudicious to
recommended
the
to
up
modes
forms
own
the
for
by
instruct
Within
exceedingly
books
For
pursue
written
bleeding, blistering,firing"
days
wherefore
fifteen
(written
indiscriminately pursued
the
or
work
no
advancement
the
to
grandfathers
our
In
were
our
considerably
treatment
same
physicing
most
say,
Mayhew's,
approved
and
to
proved
work
new
rather
or
it would
the
those
of
were
which
reasons
the
latest
late
diseases
exactly
and
the
type with
these
for
the
the
a
absolutely required
diseases,
(including
the
is
day
making
written
were
with
which
of
stores
Youat's,
accordance
our
all diseases
new
These
in
book
the
hardly be
need
It
twelve
that
they comprise
generation;
past
books
foreign
of
in
"
Although
within
sale
for
science
veterinary
of
an
reliable
brief, popular, and
end," yet, strange
no
supply
to
attempt
an
diseases.
his
appeared
has
is
a
department
horse
subject
books
namely,
"
that
the
of
The
want
on
treats
on
little treatise
unpretending
This
"
for
so
without
doing.
ing
know-
PREFACE.
iv
diseases
The
need
not
matter
(as
the
breeding,
cannot
the
in
of
sickness
horse-shoer
harm,"
The
object
is of
of
work
to
Cressy,
York,
the
highest
far
he
leaves
of
Henry
Amherst
"
Christmas,
he
not
to
the
of
nearest
all
In
heal,
to
at
least
work
in
succeeded
of
judgment
of
Dunn,
such
to
reliable
has
the
supply
indebtedness
Finlay
1874.
if
possible,
Hartshorne,
;
either
neighborhood.
been
to
his
expresses
Dr.
if
and,
In
importance.
has
author
for
run
titioner
prac-
own.
arises,
they
their
our
as
in
even
qualified
a
emergency
horse,
either
and
surgeon,
extensive
knowledge,
How
object
Author
The
New
anatomy
or
horses
own
from
any
in
the
the
emergencies.
that
his
reader
irrelevant
of
mass
that
men
and
horseman
sufticient
the
removed
new
of
brief, popular
a
such
the
training,
veterinary
a
when
cases,
or
instances
to
so
lameness
or
of
far
too
are
country
a
majority
not
a
management,
employ
not
they
cases
such
books)
some
number
greater
will
or
many
the
in
therefore
subject,
my
horse.
far
By
is
horses
expect
on
the
of
of
for
for
all^
plishing
accom-
others.
the
Philadelphia;
and
sons
per-
others.
plan
of
fessor
Pro-
CONTENTS.
Page
The
The
The
The
Causation
and
Signs
Y.^iexn2i\^(tmed\Q%
Liniments
chiefly tised
Ointments
and
DISEASES
Inflammation
Ulcerated
and
Lampas
Staggers,
Crib-biting
Flatulent
.
.
-37
38
.....
Indigestion
Acute
or
39
...
..".""""
4i
41
....
Colic, "c.
.
.
.
.
"
.
.
(Enteritis)
"
"
.
of the
.
48
....
DISEASES
in the
Laryngitis, or
Pharyngitis
.
"
Throat
-49
5"
....
ORGANS.
Head
.
Sox-e
.
RESPIRATORY
THE
OF
Cold
.
(Hepatitis)
Liver
47
...
"c.
Inflammation
or
.
Bowels
of the
Bots, Worms,
.
.
"
-54
5"
.....
5"
......,"
Bronchitis
59
.......
Inflammation
or
of the
Wind
Congestion
.62
Lungs
Pleuritis
Cough
and
44
4^
(Colitis)
Inflammation
Broken
.
......""
Dysentery
Roaring
ORGANS.
.
Teeth
30-35
.
.
39
Colic, Windy
Diarrhoea
Chronic
.
.
Mouth
and
28-30
'
use
Colic, Belly-ache, "c.
Spasmodic
Plurisy,
practice
21-28
.
......"'
Stomach
Catarrh,
.12-21
.
.
DIGESTIVE
THE
Tongue
Irregular
horse
general
in
OF
of the
hi
3-12
.
.
(Therapeutics)
of Medicines
Effects
and
Uses
-1-3
"
(Semeiology)
(Pathology)
of Disease
Nature
.
.
of Disease
Symptoms
and
Seat
(Etiology)
Disease
of
.
.....
"
70
71
....."""
of the
.
09
....""
Wind
.
d"
......
.
Thick
.
Lungs
......
72
OF
DISEASES
BLOOD
THE
SYSTEM
AND
IN
GENERAL.
Page
Strangles
The
late
73
........
Epizootic(Pink Eye, "c,)
Spinal and
75
....
Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis
.80
.
.
.
88
Purpura
........
Glanders
.
Farcy
.
.
.
.
.
-92
.
96
........
Rheumatism
98
........
Weed,
Cellulitis
or
Profuse
100
......
vStaleing
102
.......
Scarlatina
103
........
DISEASES
OF
of the
Inflammation
Brain
or
Vertigo
Hydrophobia
Lockjaw,
DISEASES
or
NERVOUS
AND
SYSTEM.
105
......
106
Epilepsey,Fits, "c.
Meagrims,
BRAIN
THE
......
106
.......
107
.......
108
Tetanus
.
OF
THE
.
LOCOMOTIVE
.
.
ORGANS
.
.
.
(LAMENESSES).
CAUSATION
GENERAL
IN THE
DISEASE
Disease
may
of
or
functions
parts
by
; for
instance
or
may
lobes
of
of
and
be
considered.
the
lungs
are
broken
or
:
glanders, spavin,
Degenerating:
lungs,
inflammation,
diseased.
the
its
As
so
an
sema)
Emphywalls
cell
of
anatomy
is
commonly
functional, the latter
the
treatment,
of
a
deviation
the
is
other
from
organism
the
under
causes.
CAUSES.
e.g., rheumatism,
melanosis.
and
from
the
and
is
action
morbid
GENERAL
Hereditary
as
disease
are
one
diseases;
yields
in
other
words,
Disease,
physiological state
of
disturbing influence
such
the
the
lined
are
(pulmonary
to
of
any
as
and
which
former
normal
of
of
parts
of
down,
changed,
The
either
this condition
In
the
incurable.
crossing
effects
disease, Heaves
altogether
organ
Wind.
Broken
called
structural
such
perverted
become
the
the
perversion
the body or
special organs,
of
action
structural
of
a
functions of
the
the
tissues
these
as
structures
membrane,
perverted by
that
or
the
example,
mucous
are
defined
be
HORSE
influences
opthalmia, tuberculosis,
affecting
the
improper
of animals.
and
Structural
quarter
Malformations
breeding
:
spavins, splints,ringbones,
cracks, pumiced feet, "c.
:
parrot
mouths,
cow
ossified
hocks,
ewe
lages,
carti-
necks,
"c.
Functional
fright,loss
of
land.
:
of rest,
the
nervous
over-excitement,
emotion,
work
and
work
at
no
all,derangement
from
long journeys by sea
or
system
over-exertion,
severe
Mechanical
kicks,
wounds
:
and
ground,
uneven
injuries from
and
falls,blows,
accidents, besides
other
surgical
":c.
injuries,
Obstructive
cleanliness
of
bowels, "c.
;
Conditional
the
dirty,bad
liver, stomach
injuries of
the
and
inflammation
induces
arise from
stables ; want
; neglect of the
this cause.
predisposes to
besides
bowels,
brain.
drink
or
of heat
excess
:
food
of diseases
host
A
hot, badly ventilated
from
:
exhaustion
cold, with
of
Excess
diseases
of
and
dampness,
air passages.
accident
otherwise.
or
of the
and
lungs
: poisoning by
in immoderate
Medicines
quantitiesor at improper times,
remedies of a powerful sort given in their pure form ; any
or
have done
and all of these abuses of medicine
and are doing
Ingestive
causes
mischief.
immense
food
Improper
dysentery,diarrhoea,colic,"c.
causes
Deficiency of food, with cold, leads to rheumatism.
of food : plethora, bleeding from
the nose,
Excess
and,
laminitis
t
o
(founder).
lastly,
Gontactive
(itch),ringworm, hydrophobia,
:
mange
glanders.
be
It must
is in
cause
in mind
borne
that very often
produce disease.
operation
to
Influence
of
During
disease
on
age
colthood
of the animal
nutrition
capillaryportion
The
one
:
functions
the
than
more
of the
the
active.
most
are
with
connected
vascular
system
is
most
mature.
skin
The
surfaces
heat-making
The
delicate
are
process
period of teething is
or
The
than
in
the
by reflex excitability.
resultingfrom injuries
in colthood.
inflammation
glandular apparatus
diseases
The
marked
in the exudation
abounds
Fibrin
impressible.
is less potent
animal.
mature
The
and
most
are
especiallyactive.
frequent
animals
in young
are
:
fevers.
Eruptive
Strangles,skin diseases,"c.
Peritonites,resultingfrom the
Diseases
of the
air passages,
effects of castration.
caused
by
removal
from
city stables.
Bleeding from the nose, called "epistaxis;" and lastly,
Swelling of the plates of the mouth, vulgarly called
lampas."
the open
"
country
to
close
the
approaches
sluggish.
old
As
more
age
of the
vital energy
The
Atrophy
and
Wounds
and
circulation
venous
becomes
is diminished.
system
degeneration advance.
injuriesare hard to
heal
repair,and
very
slowly.
especiallysubject to
Passive congestions.
Dropsies, in various parts of the body
horses
Aged
:
are
and
legs.
affections.
Catarrhal
Diseases
of the
Purpura,
"c.
urinary organs.
Farcy and glanders.
stomach
Acute
staggers.
indigestion,
DISEASE
OF
SYMPTOMS
GENERAL
and respiration.
chieflyindicated by the pulse,temperature
in
health
and
of
both
A thorough knowledge
each,
understanding of the
disease,is indispensable to a correct
Are
nature
of disease.
heart's
action, the force
of the
the
and
and
the
of
arterial
in old age.
number
of beats
when
the
impulse, the
bility
excita-
of the blood
vessels,
per
minute
the arteries.
of
animal
is
at
rest
in the
aged
The
and
and
in colthood
is increased
of the
the force
learn
we
physical condition
pulse should be examined
tranquil as possible. It
The
pulse
system, the fullness
nervous
tone
the
From
horse
as
nished
dimi-
range
tribe,50 to 55 ; sheep, 75 to 80 ;
duck, 136; hen, 140, while in
dog, 90 to 100; swan, 200;
Not
from
it ranges
only the frequency, but
man
70 to 75.
in determining
the character
of the pulse is of great significance
disease ; for example, the pulse of fever is known
by
moderate
acceleration,with variable increase of force in the
from
36
to
40;
in
the
ox
beat.
The
most
convenient
artery under
The
or
place
the jaw.
pulse of inflammation
is
to
not
take
the
pulse is
the
only increased, but
maxillary
sub-
hard
tense.
debilityis very
pulse of extreme
of fever
thready. The other symptoms
Increased
heat of the whole
body.
Dryness of the skin, mouth, "c.
The
small
are
:
and
rapid,or
Diminution
in the bulk
respiration.
of
Increase
Disturbance
It is well
in
of the stomach
in mind
bear
to
two-fold
a
as
diseases,such
brain.
and
that
"fever"
the word
as
as
first,
"
morbid
is used
of the system ;
part of the designation of several complex
there is not only the
influenza,"c., where
sense
and, second,
of the excretions.
a
state
involved.
in the first sense, but also several organs
several complex diseases bearing the one
are
name
fever
here
So
of
fever.
body, is from 98"
to 99" by the medical
thermometer, increasinga little during
exercise.
This is the proper
degree of heat while in a state
is always a
the standard
above
of health, and
any increase
The
temperature,
indication
certain
has
only
inflammatoryaction.
of
within
the
last few
it is
but
veterinarypractice,
it
by
we
tell in
can
symptoms
that
this
by
It is
can
from
no
99"
from
instrument, range
into the
introduced
into
for
acquisition,
able
improvement or unfavoran
to
and
accuracy
tainty
cer-
singleexamination.
other
in different
of heat
instrument
valuable
patients with
our
generallyintroduced
registered
diseases,as
number
any
and
rectum
up
held
to
113".
there for
minutes.
three
disease
Each
its
has
it is either favorable
gites 104"
is
hand, while
diseases
have
been
diseases
as
have
We
degree of temperature at which
fatal ; for example, in spinalmenin-
own
or
always
the
other
the
any
be learned
variations
The
most
a
This
been
years
moment
a
in
heat of the
usual
or
certain
a
degree
same
without
any
indication
cause
presence
of
is
at
in
quite common
for alarm.
107" to 110"
taken
place, in such
reached,
recovery
bronchitis,pneumonites and
already said
death
is
of heat
and
that
that the skin
enterites.
is hot
fever, consequently
and
moisture
dry during
always a
is
But
there are
some
sign of returning health.
this
and
rule ; the cold
exceptions to
clammy perspiration
mistaken
of extreme
for moisture.
prostrationare not to be
Coldness
of the skin, or inequalityof temperature, are
more
favorable
or
a
less unfavorable.
few
rises
After
degrees during
to
its former
symptom.
some
an
animal's
attack
state, this also is
Emaciation
is often
temperature
of
fever, and
has fallen
suddenly
able
unfavoralways a most
an
important sign,and
generallyaccompanies chronic diseases ; it occurs, however,
few
acute
diseases,such as diarrhoea
very rapidly in some
animals
and dysentery. Young
in particularduring their
attacks
the
from
shrunken
flabby and
become
changes
adipose tissue,which gives plumpness and roundness
Eruptions on the skin are associated
appearance.
the
the
diseases, such
some
as
organs.
of respirationis to
with
contact
the
to
with
scarlatina,"c.
Respiratory
organs
in
oxygen
function
The
"
of
the
several
purify the blood by bringing it in
also the
of the atmosphere, and
of which
acid from
the tissues,both
removing of carbonic
are
performed by inspirationand expirationin the act of
of breathing in the
normal
rate
breathing. The
average
aged horse while at rest is from eight to twelve respirations
accelerated.
During
in the minute, but in fever it is much
diseases
the muscles
of some
the
assistingin the
progress
while
another
number
allowed
to rest
of breathing are
act
place in
their
take
is
which
a
DifiiGult
Some
Morbid
"abdominal
is called
of relief to
source
commonly
breathing,"
the animal.
respiration may be caused
irrespirable
gas in the stable.
changes in the state of the
Obstruction
; this is
fashion
abnormal
pleuritis,and
in
seen
an
by
:
blood.
of the
larynx.
Spasmodic constriction,as
in
bronchitis, pneumonia,
hydrothorax, ascites,"c.
pleurisy,cancer,
Coughing
depends on a varietyof causes
known
by its character.
nervous
Cough is dry and hollow when
Dry and tightin early bronchitis.
Soft, deep and
Roaring
larynx, and
The
near
is
Coldness
state.
approach
SYMPTOMS
sympathetic.
muscles
of the breath
is
a
of the
disease.
is increased
breath
be
"c.
produced by atrophy of the
generallythe result of chronic
of the
or
may
bronchitis.
is
temperature
febrile
in advanced
sharp in pneumonia,
and
Short
loose
which
certain
during
sign of
the
the
of death.
CONNECTED
ORGANS
WITH
BRIEFLY
DIGESTIVE
AND
OTHER
STATED.
Deficiency and thickness or viscidityof the saliva occurs
diseases,
generallyduring fever, and often also in chronic
and
stomach.
throat
especiallyof the
is generallydeficient in disease, especiallyof
Appetite
an
acute
character.
appetite sometimes
Excessive
also from
diabetes, and
in
in
occurs
in
worms
tions,
affec-
nervous
alimentary
the
canal.
Perverted
appetite
togetherwith
in the mare,
jaws ; it is also
hysteria
closingof the
acute
indigestion.
high fever and low collapse.
one
of
in both
Difficulty of swallowing
Inflammation
of the
Spasmodic
constriction
Stricture
of
of the symptoms
of throat and
spasms
symptom
a
is excessive
Thirst
is
fauces
from
result
may
:
pharynx.
or
of the throat.
of
pharynx or esophagus.
Obstruction
by a foreignbody, tumor, "c.
"c.
General
debility,
takes place in the horse
never
Vomiting
rupture
from
stomach.
of the
the
from
Bleeding
except
nose
result from
may
injury,blows from whips, ":c.
of the
Congestion of the liningmembrane
:
Mechanical
Congestion of
This
the
nostrils.
brain, ":c.
variety of hemorrhage
is
most
common
in
mares
may
in young
plethoricanimals.
womb
the
from
Bleeding
Congestion, ulcerations or
Unavoidable
hemorrhage
bowels
the
From
by f
Hemorrhoids
or
piles.
be caused
by
cancers.
foaling.
when
Dysentery.
of the bowels.
Ulceration
Cancer
of the
rectum.
aneurism.
Rupture, or
urine
Bloody
may
result from
:
injury of the bladder
Mechanical
Inflammation
of the
or
urethra.
kidneys.
Calculus.
Scarlatina
SYMPTOMS
in
cases.
rare
WITH
CONNECTED
denote
Constipation
may
Torpor of the muscular
Deficient
Defective
Stricture
secretion
SECRETIONS.
THE
:
coat
of the
of the liver
or
bowels.
intestinal
innervation.
of the
rectum,
colon, "c.,
or
cancer.
Intussusception,strangulatedhernia, "c.
Smypathetic
disturbance
from
fever, (S:c.
glands.
:
CONNECTED
SYMPTOMS
urine
of
Retention
URINATION.
caused
by
:
urethra.
of the
Stricture
be
may
WITH
of the prostrate gland.
urethra.
in the bladder
or
Enlargement
Calculus
Retention
a
; this is
catheter
died
have
from
prolonged
There
only
and
would
it
occurs
of
rupture
taken
remembering,
fact worth
a
be
must
the
with
away
horses
many
/;/ this disease^in
bladder
as
cases.
are
can
always accompanies spinal meningites
this
When
horse.
in the
urine
of
by auscultation
learned
be
not
be
of
to
use
any
with
connected
symptoms
many
heart which
the
after
long experience,
in
readers
ordinary
work
a
of this kind.
CONNECTED
SYMPTOMS
WITH
THE
MOTOR
APPARATUS.
for in
carefully noticed,
down
lying
of
mode
The
of
many
patient should
a
diseases
it may
be
assist in the
diagnosis.
lie
is
down
frequently the result of
muscles
difficult respiration
assistingin the act of
; the
in the standing position.
breathing have the freest scope
instinctive
of this,and
dread
horses have
Most
an
so
long
holds out they will persistin keeping on their feet,
nature
as
be able to rise up again. In this respect
not
lest they should
cattle
and
from
other animals.
The
they differ very much
animal, and no
horse
is a highly nervous
how
matter
slight
Inability
accident
an
will
or
that
In
be
to
with
to
or
lesion
rise,a
not
befall
may
few
most
him, if he fancies
days lying will
act
so
on
he
cannot
his
nerves
his recovery
is very improbable.
hinder him from standing the first thing
generallyspeaking
such
diseases
as
done, therefore, is
them.
These
are
get the
to
contrivances
slingsand
that
brace
him
horseman
no
up
should
without.
be
The
in which
manner
the
progress
those
cases
of
horses
disease will be
in which
they
are
behave
noticed
in
more
manifested,
this way
during
particularlyin
such
colics,
as
enterites, "S:c.
Inability
to
rise
debility,rheumatic
may
depend
inflammation
on
of
general weakness
the
joints,or
and
injuries
8
such
fractures
as
and
dislocation,
or
in bad
of founder
cases
(or laminitis).
of one
hind
Paralysis of the extremities, sometimes
in our
practice;the
leg and often of both, is often seen
latter form
nearly always accompanies cerebro and spinal
meningites.
of sensation generallygoes along with loss of power.
side is often significant
of disease in the
Lying on one
Loss
early stage of pleurisy; the patient prefers to lie on the
effusion has taken
healthy side, but when
place this is
the heart is
When
reversed.
enlarged or
violent in its action
lie on his left side.
generallycannot
muscular
debilityaccompanies such
the sufferer
Great
influenza,in which
in
also
;
animal
the
diseases
acute
from
without
stand
cannot
diseases
actual
as
ance
assist-
exhaustion
and
prostration.
is of
Spasm
kinds
three
tonic, clonic
"
choreic.
and
is fixed rigidity
is ordinaryconvulsions,
; clonic spasm
contractions
successive
of the muscles
at short
/.(?.,
Tonic
spasm
intervals; choreic
is
spasm
cases
term
of the
movement
irregular
the will in
a
to
muscles, not
indicate
the
jerking,
controllable
by
of chorea.
CONNECTED
SYMPTOMS
used
WITH
THE
SENSORY
APPARATUS.
pain is the
important. Horses suffer pain as
the
much
as
species,but absence of speech (which
excite our
should
pity)hinders them from describingthe
various
sorts, as
acute, griping,twisting,smarting,"c.
have some
We
indications,however, of pain ; flinching
when
touched
on
on
gitis
any part ; tenderness
pressure, as in larynin the eye and general
and enterites ; sometimes
seen
Sometimes
pain is relieved by pressure, as in
appearance.
Of these
most
human
other diseases,which shows the absence
mation.
of inflamPain is not always at the seat of the disease; thus
in disease of the hip jointthe pain is felt at the knee, disease
the scapula,irritation of the uterus
of the liver about
the
on
colic and
top of the head.
The
eye
of the haw
A
in
acute
indications of disease
affords many
(ormembrana
prominent
and
opthalmiaand
is always a
nictitans)
turgidcondition
in
of both
;
projection
sign of
eyes
congestionof the brain.
jaw.
lock-
occurs
lO
Diminution
in
of the
expansion
and
elevation
of the ribs
breathingin :
Pleurisy.
Pneumonia.
rheumatism.
Intercostal
Paralysis.
Hydrothorax.
Percussion
consists
in
simplytapping with
the ends
of
the
fingersthe body of the animal.
A majorityof practitioners
use
no
this purpose,
but placing the middle
in the
that
then
for
fingerof the left hand
to
strikingit with
percuss
the ends
fingersof the right hand, listen to the sounds produced.
In usingpercussionas a means
of physicaldiagnosis
note
:
The
clearness
The
duration
Its
or
dullness
of the
of
is
resonance.
be familiar with
that he should
sounds
observed
of the
meaning
in
produced.
resonance
specialcharacter.
degree of resistance felt.
indispensablefor every student
The
It
of instrument
(when they want
ribs
the
body),and
portionof the
of the
we
between
spaces
kind
health,and,
as
of
medicine
veterinary
the normal
far
as
and
natural
the
possible,
reason
sign.
three very simple facts explain the use
of percusor
sion
in diagnosis. When
solid
is
struck the sound
body
any
elicited varies according to its material,form, size ; and if
of every
Two
hollow
The
the
thorax
condition
of its walls
(or abdomen)
a
certain
Whatever
The
to
degree and
an
more
structure
kind
of
alters either the
air,fluid,and
of
rise
solid
air and
of its walls, and
in its contents,
a
certain
proportion of
will give forth
state
of its walls,or
within
the proportion
them
percussion-resonance.For
the less fluid
parts of the chest which
contents.
resonance.
solid contained
alteration of
that of its
horse, having
of the
generalform, size,condition
air,blood, and
and
or
solid contained
give
example :
must
within
the
percussed the clearer and fuller
the resonance,
and as a general rule the less the resistance
the finger. Any increase in the relative proportion of
to
tion),
of solid (astuberculizaor
liquid(as in pleuriticeffusion),
lesser degree of resonance,
must
and,
cause
a duller or
resistance.
other
things being equal, a greater degree of
Thus
diminution
is
of clearness
and
duration
of the
percussion
II
in
occur
resistance
increased
sound, with
the walls
of
the
of
chest,
:
Pneumonia.
Pleurisy.
Tuberculization.
Hydrothorax.
"c.
Cancer,
Increased
and
clearness
of resistance,occurs
duration
of
in heaves,
pulmonary
lungs, "c.
hypertrophy of the
atrophy,or
with
resonance,
or
crease
de-
sema,
emphy-
a
auscultation,as well as in percussion,
comparison is
standard, but also between
made, not only with the normal
In
sides of the body.
sounds
:
Respiratory
the two
Normal
murmur.
respiratory
Prolonged expiratorysound.
tubular
Harsh
blowing.
Bronchial
breathing.
sounds
:
Dry secretory
Sibilant,hissingor whistling.
Sonorous.
Dry crackle.
Moist
:
crepitantrale.
Coarse
rale).
crepitant(ormucous
Humid
cracklingor gurgling.
Friction
sounds
are
peculiarto pleurisyand
Fine
ditis
pericar-
stage of adhesion.
the
at
Bronchial
breathing
when
occurs
the
lung is being
solidified.
The
of
sibilant and
sonorous
sounds
are
heard
the result
as
"c.
narrowing and obstruction,by congestion,mucous,
The
dry crackle is associated with incipientor infiltrative
tubercle.
the
Amongst
moist
sounds, the finest
of pneumonia.
crepitation
by rubbing a few hairs of one's head
the fine
the
fingernear
Feeble
lungs in
most
delicate is
It is very well imitated
between
the thumb
and
ear.
respiratory
cases
or
murmur
of:
Foreign bodies
Bronchitis.
Pneumonia.
Pleurisy.
in air passages.
is heard
in
one
or
both
12
Infiltrated tubercle.
Emphysema.
Hydrothorax.
rheumatism.
Intercostal
Paralysis.
The
crepitant rale, (or mucous
coarse
in
is observed
rale),
:
Capillarybronchitis.
stage of pneumonia, "c.
Late
Displacement
of the
sometimes
occur
stomach
heart,diaphragm, liver,
spleen,and
effusion
pleuritic
from
and
other
causes.
PATHOLOGY.
GENERAL
The
of disease
seat
be, says
may
an
eminent
physician,
In the constitution.
In
specialtissues.
particular
apparatus.
In
individual
In
Morbid
organs.
of
state
the
animal
economy:
Over-excitement.
Fever.
Depression.
Exhaustion.
Degeneration of organic force (cachexia).
Toxamia.
Morbid
of
states
organs
:
Over-excitement.
Hypertrophy.
Irritation.
Inflammation.
Chronic inflammation.
Atony, exhaustion.
Degeneration.
the
Of
morbid
the
above
states
may
be
most
important general or
included
under
systemic
fever, toxoemia, and
a tripodof systemicdisease.
cachexia, constituting
A similar tripodof the most
frequent and important local
inflammation, and
disorders may be established of irritation,
atrophy.
of
Symptoms
heat of the whole
Increased
Dryness
fever:
of the
Frequency
body.
mouth, skin,"c.
of the
pulse.
13
respiration.
debility.
Increased
Muscular
disturbance
Functional
is the
Heat
state,
of the excretions.
in bulk
Diminution
of the
brain, stomach,
characteristic of the febrile
it in all languages; this is produced
most
to
having given name
tissue
excessive
metamorphosis under
by
tension condition
Toxaemia
is
of the
the abnormal
centres.
nerve
used
term
a
"c.
essential
indicate
poisoning'of the
others, are believed,
to
than
diseases,more
the strongest evidence,to depend upon
and
a chemical
upon
of toxaemia
dynamic change in the blood, to which the name
Certain
blood.
is
applied.
1
By
.
Toxaemia
into
the
least in two
at
originates
the introduction
blood,
without
from
as
in the
of
poison
pleuro-pneumonia
splenicappoplexy in cattle,as
other diseases of the horse.
and
and
the
well
glanders
as
non-excretion,and
the
By
2.
:
morbid
some
of
case
ways
blood
accumulation
in
consequent
stances,
subpost-organicor excrementitious
the change
or
properties,
by their own
of
which
they undergo, prove injuriousto the system.
All of the zymotic diseases,as well as the exanthematic
(smallpoxin sheep,for example),have their originexplained
by the fact of these modes of blood poisoning.
of these poisonswhen
The effects
introduced
into the
system of
nearly alike for
for each
Toxaemia
if ever,
both
are
constitutional
The
are
animal
an
them
local and
symptoms,
constitutional
which
all ; the local symptoms
from
non-elimination
is
of the excretions
is seldom,
best studied
a
ary,
second-
to mean
a
depraved
usually understood
ing
of development or nutrition affectan
error
habit of system ;
the general state
of the
and
organs
functions
with perversion
different cachexia
debility. The historyof the
belongsrather to specialpathology. We see
in tuberculosis in cattle,
well as farcyin
as
or
formation
on
of
tubercle
in the
lung
examination
post-mortem
"tuberculosis"
term
and
instances of this
the horse.
of the
skin,mucous
The
other tissues in the
is very well demonstrated.
is
applied to
certain
specific
inflammations,
abscesses, ulcerations,and
2
liar
pecu-
resultant,though important part.
or
Cachexia
The
are
It is therefore
with those diseases of which it forms
in connexion
horse
attack,
one.
idiopathicaffection.
an
toms.
symp-
begin the
membrane,
glands and
slow,
orders
other dis-
bones
which
14
during the
by the
attending them.
occur
of those
progress
moderate
diseases,and
characterized
excitement
are
degree of vascular
is
Hereditary predisposition
the
chief
tuberculosis,but other causes
promote the
such as change from a warm
to a damp
diathesis,
locality,
of proper food,light
and warmth, dark, foul stables,":c.
want
also
of
cause
Tuberculosis
may
defined (pathologically)
stitutional
a conas
the formation
of blood, the plasma
be
tendency to
is defective in
so
organizablecapacity,
that instead
it forms abortive blastema, which accumuof healthytissue,
lates
which
is
called
tubercle.
a deposit,
as
effects of this deposit are :
The
of which
Obstruction
arrest, or impairment of functions.
Inflammation, as in tubercular pneumonia.
and
Ulcerative destruction by the repeatedformation
softeningof the matter, which produces cavities in
and
involved.
the organs
The
frequentlyattacked
most
organs
the lymph glands.
of frequency
The
order
affected with tubercle
are
is
with which
follows
as
lungs and
different organs
Spleen.
Kidneys.
Intestines.
glands.
Liver.
Bones.
Larynx.
Serous
the
:
Lungs.
Lymph
are
membranes.
Uterus.
Brain.
Testicles.
The parts especially
preferredby tubercle for its deposit
in the lungs,the apex, in the pia mater, about the base
are
of the brain,the grey substance, in the bones, in the bowels,
part of the ilium,"c.
the lowest
is strictly
Hypertrophy
an
over-growth,an increase of
the size and weight of a part without change of tissue. It
times that this has been
guished
is only in recent
clearlydistinfrom
A
constant
enlargement with alteration of tissue.
law of the animal economy
is,that within
limits the
tain
cer-
is in proportionto its
of an
organ
this
exercise
is
not
too
exercise,provided
violent, and is
alternated with sufficient periodsof repose.
three
The
of hypertrophy
causes
are
:
1.
2.
growth
Increased
Increased
materials
or
exercise of
accumulation
which
a
a
part in its healthyfunctions.
in the blood
of the particular
in its nutrition
part appropriates
secretion.
3. Increased
efflux of
healthyblood
to
the part.
15
Intermittent
consta?it
hypertrophy;
cause
atrophy
absorption.
wasting and diminution of a part without
structure
most
pathologistsinclude also
; but
or
is the
of
change
attrition
or
pressure,
Atrophy
the
under
pressure
such
term
same
defects of nutrition
result in
as
degenerativechanges.
The
of
causes
Deficient
atrophy
exercise of
Deficiencyin the
Defective
confounded.
term
limits,applying
action upon
an
as
part
a
to
the
nervous
are
often
term
produces
only
to
a
in
almost
one
day
phenomena
part
or
the
desirable
healthyor
such
an
to
fine
con-
normal
excessive
effects. Irritation is
part, lifebeing considered
with
all parts of the animal
of the
another so many
that
practice,
The
inconveniently
morbid
vital movement,
in a
motion.
molecular
a
Inflammation
in connection
occurs
of
arrest
attacks
are
blood
influence.
and
be convenient
excitation within
latter
as
:
part.
in the part.
and
irritation
It would
the former
are
supply of
supply of
Inflammation
Stimulation
a
so
many
body, and
cases
eases,
disstitutes
con-
of every
and
notion
correct
a
is of the greatest practical
importance.
and
of inflammation
common
general causes
more
of its general nature
following:
when
heated
Exposure to cold, especially
or
exhausted, as
for example
keepinga horse shiveringout of doors to groom
him after a long journey. These causes
were
alreadytreated
of in a former chapter,and they need
be repeated here.
not
We
in
feres
passing,that anything that intermay
say, however,
with the healthybalance
of the circulation,
drives
or
"
the blood
the skin (or capillaryvessels),
will cause
press
congestionof internal organs, arrest important sections,deand thus become
fruitful source
of many
a
vitality,
diseases.
from
Predisposing
result
causes
of
inflammation
from
are
such
as
of temperament,
weakened
tion
circulapeculiarity
disease,over-work, impure air,deficient nutrition,
"c.
called irritants ; they may
Excitingor local causes
are
be either mechanical, chemical
vital these act directly.
or
Other excitingcauses
such as the introduction
act indirectly,
of poison into the system, the sudden
charges
suppressionof diswhich are natural or of long standing,
the repression
of cutaneous
mation.
eruptions,"c., all of which promote inflamfrom
"
r6
The
actual
modify
as
causes
for the time
tissues and
immediate
and
causes
the molecular
of inflammation
of the
state
interchangeof
the usual
the blood.
This
such
are
and
tissues,
arrest
material
induces
true
a
between
the
inflammation.
An
example of the three stages or processes of stimulation,
be very well studied in the
and inflammation, may
irritation,
action of a common
mustard
plasterapplied to the skin.
Its firsteffect (orthe only one),if the mustard
is
be diluted,
and redder and its
merely stimulant,the skin grows warmer
is moderately heightened. If it be strong and
sensibility
allowed
to remain, irritation is produced ; this is shewn
by
"c.
If
the
tenderness
matter
on
pain,
irritating
pressure,
be now
withdrawn, all of these may subside without going
further.
if the
But
irritation be
continued
to
up
certain
a
inflammation
then
intensity,
occurs,
have redness, heat, pain and swelling,with effusion of
we
inflammation
caused
lymphj which in the cutaneous
by a
sinapism or plasterof cantharides,raises up the cuticle in
the form of a blister. The essential minute
phenomena of
the
inflammation, as regards
circulation, are :
point of duration, and
stasis.
Central
Concentric
hyperaemia.
Exudation.
The
actual
already,is
cause
the
of
inflammation,
for the time
arrest
of
have
we
the usual
said
interchange
of material
the tissues and the blood.
between
Stimulation
active hyperaemia.
causes
under
its influence
is carried
checks
and
the
morbid
to
disturbances
exhibit reflex action.
excess,
it induces, the normal
stimulation
When
interrupts,
by
arteries
The
molecular
the
life-movement
of the part,
between
interchange of particlesgoing on
the
and
capillaries
the
tissue,and,
as
a
tion
stagna-
consequence,
ensues.
Inflammation,
be simply defined as a local
may
vascular
lesion of nutrition,with concentric
sulting
excitement, rein exudation.
The
by
products of inflammation
exudation
are
then,
"
Blood, Mucus, Lymph,
The
inflammatoryeffusion of non-fibrinous serum
The
is often applied,however, clinically
to
term
Serum,
which
contains
a
small
as
proportionof fibrin,
is
a
rare.
serosity
in the effusion
which
follows pleurisy.
Blood
is exuded
occasionallyonly ; e.g., in
and (dissolved)
in pneumonia.
nephritis,
dysentery,in
i8
hypersemia)the
concentric
and
exuded
be
"
its
in
removed
in the natural
transuded
will its subsequent
further
primary
will
the
lymph
from
character
that
the part ; and the more
nutrichanges differ from those of normal tion
state
of
and
development
Degeneration may affect both the fibrinous
portionof inflammatorylymph.
The
fibrinous
Drying
is
part
into
subject to
and
the
puscular
cor-
:
concretions.
horny
Fatty softening,
Liquefactivedegeneration.
Calcareous
and" pigmental degeneration.
The
corpuscular
portion of lymph may also undergo :
Withering and drying.
Conversion
into granule cells by fattydegeneration.
Calcareous
and pigmental degeneration.
Most
commonly, however, into degenerationof the lymph
cells into blood
formed
cells,the whole of the lymph being transinto pus.
is a greenish-yellowcreamy
Pus
fluid,
consisting(underthe miscroscope)of the liquor puris and
corpuscles. Chemically,pus may be approxipus cells or
in liquorpotass?e.
matively tested by its solubility
is either:
Suppuration
Circumscribed, as in abscess.
Diffusive,as in erysipelas.
as
Superficial,
effects
The
involved
are
of
in
diseases.
inflammation
upon
some
may
or
Enlargement.
Degeneration.
Induration.
Ulceration.
Mortification.
thus
organ
"
Softening.
We
the part
see
that very
follow from
and
different,
different
degrees or
even
kinds
results
opposite,
of
inflammatory
action.
Specific inflammations
here.
in our
They occur
diseases
requiremerely to
domestic
animals
be mentioned
in the
following
:
Farcy and glanders.
melanosis.
Rheumatism,
Eruptive fevers of cattle.
Carbuncular
erysipelas.
The
These
from
each
different exanthematous
are
distinguishedfrom
other, in that
"
diseases
of
sheep.
ordinary inflammation,
and
19
exhibits
peculiarplan of morbid process.
depends upon a peculiarcause.
of its quantity
effects of said cause
are
irrespective
Each
Each
The
a
extent.
or
They are diffusible from one part of the body to another.
They exhibit different stages of the morbid process.
of these, as rheumatism, is self-limited (dyingout).
Some
inflammation.
Chronic
is
there
they are wanting in exudation, without
inflammation.
there is no
characteristics
The
of this state
of
of,a part with
vessels
through
it.
and
3.
of the part,
Exaggeration of the sensibility
irritability.
Deficient or irregular
functional power.
4.
Unusual
2.
the
the
2.
of
purpose
anatomical
in
being arranged
centres)
distribute
As
to
whole,
a
apparatus
be
to
functions
the
apparatus
nervous
latter in
ganglia,the
of
the
transmit
may
follows
or
state
we
as
conduct
the
are
"
former
the
and
nerves
sole function
The
remember
must
substance;
nervous
force.
nerve
is
of the
elements
receive,reflect,accumulate
to
commissures
of
SYSTEM.
pathologicalstudy,we
Physiologically,
are
bid
mor-
attacks
sub-acute
or
NERVOUS
THE
OF
Grey vesicular.
tubular
White,
1.
acute
the
inflammation.
PATHOLOGY
For
of blood
to
proneness
actual
that
(pathologically)
which
are:
the blood
Enlargement
flow of a large amount
1.
pain ; yet
and
redness, heat, swelling,
less
or
more
of inflammation
In this form
"
sures.
commis-
ganglia (nerve
(generate)and
of the
nerves
and
it.
offices of
the
nervous
:
Excito-motor.
Excito-secretory.
Sensory.
Voluntary motor.
Sympathetic,and
Co-ordinate.
And
in
man
"
Intellectual.
Emotional.
The
primary
disorders
to
which
this apparatus
is
20
liable
are
animal
"
which
functional
either
be
disorder
the
cognizance of impressionsmade on
is normally sentient.
of sensibility,
hyperaesthesia, or perversion
Subjective
may
in which
condition
without
remains
surface
a
anaesthesia,i.e.^that
i,
results
or
organic.
generallyfrom
Functional
abnormal
an
nervous
the
of
state
blood.
Muscular
Paralysis,
(or the
volition
produce
an
well
as
affection of the
tral
cen-
a
equivalent to it)fails
excitement
as
in which
that condition
dependent
sensational,paralysis,
brain,occurs
on
to
contraction.
effect of muscular
its normal
Muscular,
or
the
oppositeside
on,
that
to
encephaliclesion.
side of the body is called hemiplegia.
Paralysisof one
; with
Paralysisof both hind extremities is called paraplegia
of the
or
loss of sensation.
contraction
Involuntary
without
of
voluntary muscles,
monly
com-
in the
result from worms
bowels, indigestedfood in the stomach, besides other causes.
the
to which
The
three forms of spasmodic disturbance
alteration of innervation,
liable under a morbid
muscles
are
spectively
and
clonic, are illustrated reviz.,the toniCj choreic
convulsions, may
called
in spasms
or
cramps.
Tetanus, in horses and sheep.
Chorea,
/
"
[ -^"S^EpilepsV,
,
'"
A
further
the method
of the
nervous
The
sub-division exists as to
important pathological
of origination
of those functional disturbances
system, to which we have been alluding.
of any
source
of the above
disorder,
convulsions,
or
paralysis
forms
of
nervous
muscular
anaesthesia,
hyperaesthesia,
either from :
be (when not purely local)
may
Central organic disease.
Blood perversionor defective nutrition.
Purely sympathetic disturbance.
central organic disease
Paralysis from
softeningof the brain or spinal chord, or from
those organs
From
from
effusion
or
pressure
blood,
;
as
spinal
occurs
tetanus.
in many
these different modes
It is far from
between
on
otherwise.
perversion in such diseases
meningitis. Paralysisfrom sympatheticdisturbance
in traumatic
from
occurs
but when
easy
the
cases
to
of causation
has been
diagnosis
the
mark
made
of
nervous
in any
diagnosis
toms
symp-
instance,
21
prognosisis
the
second, and
their
important nerve
an
origin in
and
Anodyne
indications
the
thus
Calmative,
DISEASE.
OF
animals.
of
studied
be
they may
this aspect
an
according to
disorders
in various
in the
so
the
first ; /. ^., when
actual
organic lesion of
TREATMENT
OF
classified
Remedies
last, less
centre.
PRINCIPLES
GENERAL
the
in the
unfavorable
most
have
symptoms
in
favorable
most
of
Regarding
ment
treat-
them
in
:
e.g.
in
Opium, Ether, Chloroform,
of
cases
Colic,Enterites,
"c.
Aconite,
Acid, Prussic Acid,
Belladona, Camphor,
Carbolic
Medicinal
or
PyroxylicSpirit,
as
Naptha.
exceptions)are
(withfew
remedies
These
used
internally
externallyto allay irritation and inflammation.
"c.
Protective, Surgicaldressingsfor wounds, injuries,
Glycerine,Linseed Oil,
well
as
Mallow
Arabic, Marsh
Gum
Balancive, e.g., cold
"c.
Blood letting,
to
an
Root.
vascular
over
part.
in rheumatism, purgatives.
Eliminative, e.g., Colchicum
Iodide of Potassium, "c.
in skin diseases.
Iodine,
Alterative,
e.g., Arsenic
Sulphur, "c.. Antimony.
morphosis.
retarders of tissue MetaEconomic,
rest, astringents,
Tonics
Recuperative
and
Stimulants, e.g.
Cinchona, Sulphate of Iron,
Sulphate of Copper, Nux-vomica.
Gentian, Rhubarb, Nitric Acid.
Stimulants
diffusible.
SpiritsAmmonia,
Tonics.
"
"
Alcohol,
Ether, Oil of Turpentine,
Spiritsof Nitric Ether,
Potassium, Soap,
The
the
of treatment
modes
management
acute
and
frequentlycalled
subacute
affections
for in
of the
animals.
domestic
These
of
most
"c.
may
be
Arresting
the
named
and
existence
as
treatment
mitigating
of the febrile
for:
inflammation
state.
during
The
Supporting,
Antidotive
The
the
and
tive
Altera-
treatment.
first head,
the
Under
the treatment
namely,
tion,
inflamma-
of
_
place :
we
Arresting and
mitigating inflammation.
Cold
Rest,
Applications,
Venesstion, Local Depletion,
Purgation,Diet,
Nitrate of Potassa, Ipecacuanha.
Veratrum
Viride,Aconite,
Digitalis,
Opium, Counter
Irritation,
Actual
Cautery.
An
elaborate
topics included
reference
to
work
might, of
in this
table,but
the general treatment
afflictions may
be here out
not
that if the followingcautions
here
given followed,
States
from
year
be
would
the
saved
the
of
written
I
bold
am
observed
were
to
in
the
United
die every
that
commonwealth,
alone, namely
assert
the advice
and
animals
the
special
in his various
of the horse
place.
the
upon
with
words
those
neglect of
Prevention
few
a
of
one-half
to
be
course,
:
diseases,by attending
the
to
of
laws
Hygene.
Timely
in the
Rest
until
These
in its
disease
of
treatment
beginning,middle
strength
is
regained,
and
in
of
end
and
important
particularly
are
incipientstage.
health
tablished.
finallyes-
of
these
that
inflammation
are
and
(or laminitis),
founder
brain
they
;
of
in such
any
in
treatment
of
cases
affections
acute
disturb
as
phrenitisand
successfullyused
the
cerebro-
in
its
coverings, as
spinal meningites. Ice has been
or
useful
very
things
animals
the
of
one-fourth
to
form
all
yearly lost might be saved.
are
Applications
very important in the
are
Cold
of
attended
motion,
loco-
other
as
Were
rest.
of
all diseases
founder, ringbone, spavin,or any
exortoris, then, timely remedies, and above
such
all disease
in these
.
cases
well
as
as
in
Bloodletting,
whether
the smaller
arteries is
of the
universal
most
has been
of
out
of inflammation
that
part
of
cases
one
the
from
of
held
the
the
jugular
vein
and
olde'st,
or
any
been
has
of
one
inflammation, although it
The
for some
theory
now
years.
culcates
pathologistsinby the most accurate
remedies
fashion
as
sun-stroke.
"
determination
conspires with
for
of
the central
blood
towards
stasis in
an
flamed
in-
causingthe
23
exudation, and that a constant
proportion exists between
the degree of this active turgesence and the amount
of the
and
character
of
the
the
it
exudation,
changes subsequently
of
cardinal
the
elements
of the inflammatory
undergoes. Now,
the
process,
stasis
exudation
the
occurred
be
measures
of
we
The
number
The
force
of the
The
force
of
The
excitement
the
impulse.
impulse.
arterial
the
of
and
corpuscules.
heart's
centres.
nerve
these influences
all of
connected
of
amount
with, an
the
great object to be attained
imperativelynecessary,
There
is not a singlecase
the indications
or
the
lower
strength
or
What
we
excitement
The
diseases
exudation,
its changes less
and
tive
degenera-
aim
or
object
at
is
to
in
where
blood-letting,
balance
of any
kind
it
circulation.
the
of disease
in which
medical
of
is to reduce
treatment
the vital power
of the animal's system.
is to reduce
the disproportionate
vascular
congestion,and
indications
exists in the
for
restore
the balance
abstraction
followingstates
of
General
plethora.
Violent
blood
spasms.
passivecongestion in horses
quantity, according to the age,
of the
in
of the system
Sudden
of
lation.
circu-
of
High vigorousinflammation.
Active
congestion threatening inflammation
The
the
inflammation,and
resultant
normal,
more
diminish
we
destructive.
and
is
red
the
its bigrophy
render
The
of
each
lessen
thus
straction
by the abspecialoperation
of the vessels.
excitement
vascular
By this
in the
:
fulness
by
when
of blood
modified
essentially
quarts of blood.
The
And
capillary
Nor
treatment.
determination
be
can
several
lessen
to
concentric
arterial excitement
and
any but palliativeor
expectant
the
of
its
management
changes.
can
applied
active
the
But
of nutrition
arrest
directlyaffected by
be
cannot
local
:
or
high
size and
all
orrhage.
hem-
condition.
condition
five quarts.
animal, may vary
The
safest instrument
for this purpose
is called a phleme.
The head of the patientis held up while the phleme is struck
with a short stick made
for that purpose.
skin over
The
the
jugularvein
from
is then
two
to
carefullypinned
up
with
a
suture.
24
The
blood
is the infallible guide
sufficient in these cases
; when
pulse
the
to
as
it
quantity of
it is time
falters,
to
say stop.
Purgation, especiallyby
useful
in this treatment.
to this rule.
ist.
saline
There
however,
are,
some
exceptions
in
give purgative medicine
Never
"
is frequently
cathartics,
inflammation
or
of
peritonitis
never
givelargedoses of aloes
the
bowels, and
especially
purgative to
nor
any
young
Linseed
oil is the proper
colts.
laxative in these cases.
Diet.
No stimulating
food, during inflammation,is to be
boiled
permitted,
roots, apples,"c., afterwards
sufficiency
of good oats. Sue.
Nitrate
of Potassa
is a very valuable adjunct to cr
in
"
some
substitute
cases
invaluable,in
many
diseases
or
in
one
for the antimonial
cases,
two
Ipecacuanha,
as
combined
as
a
cardiac
and
is
is
and
most
other
doses.
ounce
Viride
laminitis
acute
with
opium is especually
laryngalinflammation,
valuable in bronchial,tracheal, and
and in dysentery.
Veratrum
nitrate,it
latelyassuming
arterial
sedative
and
important place
an
of the
promoter
secretions.
Aconite
is
likewise
favourite
a
medicine
with
some
in the management
of pneumonia and pleurisy,
practitioners
but a very deadly remedy in ignoranthands.
used in horse practice,especially
Digitalis is much
in
bronchitis.
is
arterial
an
fore
Opium
stimulant,and is therein the earlystages of
(asa general rule)inappropriate
active
inflammation.
excites
an
and then opOpium first
presses
the brain, in a word
determination
of
produces
blood
to
is therefore
the head, and
contraindicuted
already existingtendency
the bowels
these,opium constipates
cerebral
to
either of the
than
tivelytendency
can
be
dysentery.
In peritonitis,
where
serious
Counter
the
from
Irritation
great service,
portance
; this fact is of less impreceding,as the constipa-
extent
it aids
main
is
treatment
as
rapidprostration,
more
the
in the
as
and visceral connexions
irritation than
nervous
opium has become
even
practitioners,
cases
the
the tissue affected induce
more
an
counteracted, if desirable,
by other
medicines, while in other
in
two
congestion.
by
Besides
in other
well
of
as
inflammations,
dependence with very
beginning of the attack.
many
of treatment
often of
a measure
i
n
of
the
inflammation
later stages
especially
26
Exhaustion,
Exhaustion.
depression,
We
"
oppression.
with
familiar
are
the
first
as
the
effect of:
Over-exertion.
Loss
of
sleep.
Excessive
purgation.
Following acute or chronic
Depression
is
of
expenditureor
from
not
resulting,
discriminated
be
to
disease.
but
the
from
of the functions
Exhaustion
of the animal
nerve-central
sources
circulation of the blood,
of obstruction
form
economy.
in
or
or
with their normal
depressionhave their chief seat in
of dynamic force.
Oppression,in
and
as
material
of the
waste
interference
from
body,
disturbingcause.
activity
by some
the result of another
is
Oppression
forces
exhaustion
subordinate
some
the
the
or
organs
functions.
in some
ceral
of viscases
degrees of oppressionoccur
of the lungs or brain, and in
particularly
congestion,
violent spasmodic affections of the alimentary canal, with
Uraemia, from inaction of the
constipationof the bowels.
in which even
of oppression,
kidneys,presents another cause
Serious
a
fatal result may
Counterfeit
occur.
debility
The
first
The
febrile
stages
oppressionthus
of all acute
may
occur
in
:
diseases.
state.
Indigestionof
Congestion of
Obstruction
These
or
an
acute
the
kind.
lungs or
brain.
bowels, uraemia.
different lesions;and their appropriatetreatment,
will be found
of the
in another
part of the work
under
their proper
heads.
Depression is exemplifiedin the
extensive burns.
Severe
injuries,
terror.
Sudden
or
frights
Withdrawal
of nourishingfood,
Intense
Spasm
states
and
produced by
:
semi-starvation.
toxaemia.
of the
all of these
diaphragm, "c.
conditions
stimulation
is
quired,
absolutelyrein greater or less degree,always bearing in mind
the
probabilityof reaction,and avoiding as far as possiblethe
exaggerationof this reaction into fever.
treatment
The antidotal
can
only be glanced at here.
animals
Where
are
poisoned the specificpoison requiresa
In
27
antidote.
specific
substances
as
White
simplestkinds
The
in such
included
are
:
(albumen).
of eggs
Glycerine.
Charcoal.
Lard.
In the
of corrosive
case
given to sheathe
alimentarycanal.
alterative
The
class of diseases
treatment.
induce
blood, which
in the
r Calomel,
"!
Alteratives
^^^^^^
as
the
of
is
:
potassium.
zinc, copper
silver,
of
rials
mate-
tism,
rheuma-
i^^^'^^^ liver oil,sulphur.
^^
Counter-irritation
diseases
such
I Arsenic, iodide
[Salts
morbid
some
upon
important
and
followingremedies, as
antimony, iodine.
include
They
horses,"c.
large
of
surface
mucous
slcin diseases,typhoid fever
eruptivefevers,the various
in
A
"
depend
to
appear
poisons,demulcents
protect the
and
be
may
the
irritant
and
of
measure
a
other.
and
of
treatment
great
later stages of inflammation, or
This
much
vascular
excitement.
in the
service,especially
unattended
with
serviceable
in the
cases
very
but
in all other
and
co-irritants,
as
they are intended
employed until the
Counter-irritants
the disease
as
stage of bronchitis
second
is
cases
or
excitement
vascular
should
be
possible.
they
Hence
cure.
is
monia,
pneu-
for they act
highlyinjurious,
only aggravate the inflammation
to
in
employed
their
Before
has
as
should
which
be
never
subsided.
near
the
seat
of
skin
applicationthe
water, and the hair,
when
long or thick, neatly clipped off with a scissors.
used in
actual
The
cautery, or hot iron,is very much
should
be
well
washed
with
and
soap
and powerful counterveterinarypracticeas an immediate
the
irritant. It is generallyapplied at a full red heat, and
the less is the pain attending its
higher the temperature
as
uses
application. Besides being applicableto the same
of the purposes
of caustics.
vesicants,it is employed for many
neous.
instantaalmost
The
effects produced by the hot iron are
The
is the carbonization
firstresult of its application
of the hair with
by
the
place.
which
peculiarodor
The
with which
second
it comes
in
it comes
of the
result
in
contact
chemical
; this is indicated
action which
is the destruction
contact
;
this is
has
taken
of all the tissues
accomplished by
the
Its beneficial
of the blood.
the watery elements
effects in cases
of diseased joints,
ligamentsand tendons.
absorptionof
28
it is
in which
often used, depends on its excitinga superficial
lieved,
inflammation, and not, as it was
once
currentlybeits
the
on
forming a permanent bandage around
parts.
so
Indeed, though the skin for
short time after the operation
its natural
resumes
tightened,it soon
is
a
corrugated and
and does not
embrace
the subjacentparts more
elasticity,
of healthyhurts,with the
firmlythan in health. The firing
popular idea of strengtheningand bracing them up, is now
ing
deservedlydiscountenanced, for the apparent benefits resultthe
from
are
firing
well known
from
to result,
not
now
which
necessitates.
it
It is
but
the
from
rest
operation,
of counter-irritants is to
a prevalentidea that the efficiency
be measured
of dischargewhich they induce,
by the amount
of
but this is by no
means
a
general rule,for the amount
the counter-irritation
bear a
and of the dischargedo not
the
consistent
relation
to
each
other, and
the
only
accurate
method
of judging of the power
value of any counteror
irritant is by the intensity
and continuance
tion
of the inflammabeside
it excites.
The agents which decompose tissue,
the hot iron
are
:
Sulphuricacid.
Nitric acid.
Nitrate
"c.
of silver,
These
and other caustics act in a similar
milder counter-irritants are called rubefacients
which are treated of elsewhere in this work.
REMEDIES
EXTERNAL
CHIEFLY
USED
The
manner.
and
vesicants,
VETERINARY
IN
PRACTICE.
Refrigerants.
of
a
part
diminish
Agents which
"
the morbid
heat
:
Solution
of
Solution
of diacetate
Common
acetate
of lead.
of lead.
salt.
Cold water.
Discutients.
Agents which
"
repelindolent
tumours
:
Hydroclorateof ammonia.
Camphor.
Compounds
of Iodine.
Soap Liniment.
Rubefacients.
Agents which
"
without
:
blistering
Liniment
"
of ammonia.
tar.
cause
redness
of the skin
29
Liniment
turpentine.
vinegar.
of
pitch and
Tar,
Vesicants.
Agents which
"
:
blistering
cause
Cantharides.
Euphorbium.
Croton
oil.
Nitrate
of mercury
ointment).
(citrine
Mylabris.
of
Potasso-tartrate
Hot
antimony.
water.
Caustics.
Agents which
"
decompose
tissue
:
Sulphuric acid.
Nitric acid.
Hydrochloric acid.
Bichloride
of mercury.
Nitric oxide of mercury.
antimony.
Chloride
of
Chloride
of zinc.
of silver.
Nitrate
Sulphate of
Hot
Digestives.
wounds
Agents
"
induce
which
suppuration
in
:
Black
Hellebore.
Liniment
of
Ointment
of
Detergents.
and
copper.
water.
turpentine.
turpentine.
Agents which
"
excite them
cleanse
healthy action
to
wounds
of the
skin
:
of copper.
Acetate
Creosote.
sulphateof
Liniment
of
Ointment
of ammonic-chloride
Ointment
of mercury.
of nitrate of mercury.
and its compounds.
Sulphur
Astringents,
wounds
copper.
Agents which
"
diminish
discharges from
:
Alum.
Armenian
bole.
Carbonate
Oxide
of Zinc.
of Zinc.
Matico.
Antiseptics.
wounds
:
Charcoal
"
Agents
which
destroy putrescence
in
3"
Chloride
of zinc.
Chlorimated
Nitrate
lime
of
and
soda.
potassa.
soda.
Sulphate of
Yeast, "c.
Agents
excite the
which
Aloes
in wounds
healingprocess
:
(tincture).
Collodion.
Myrrh.
Oil of
tar.
Resin.
Solution
of
Solution
of
Emollients.
sulphateof
sulphateof
copper.
zinc.
Agents which
"
soften and
relax parts.
Fomentations.
Glycerine.
Lard.
Olive
oil.
Palm
oil.
Poultices, ":c.
Disinfectants.
the
Agents which
"
atmosphere
of houses
Carbolic
acid.
Chloride
of lime.
Chloride
of soda.
Sulphiteof
and
in various
stables
cleanse
ways
:
soda.
Potash, soda, lime, charcoal.
Sulphurous acid and others.
McDougal's disinfectant consist
Sulphiteof lime.
Sulphiteof Magnesia.
Carbolate
Gondy's
stables
both
of permanganate
these
extensivelyused
are
in
LINIMENTS
Ointments
of soda.
"
Forty parts of water
solution is sufficient.
several
of
:
"
are
"
of lime.
fluid,
Solution
oil
of
AND
potash.
added
OINTMENTS
to
six
IN
or
eight parts
GENERAL
prepared for external use, when
the excipients,they may
be easilymixed
ingredientsin an ordinary mortar, but when
are
of this
USE.
lard
or
with
the
wax
or
31
fire ; the other
slow
be melted
resin is used, it must
a
over
stirred
then
constitutents are
mass
added, and the whole
until it has acquiredthe proper consistence.
should be kept in well closed pots or jars,
ointments
instrument
covered with strong paper or oil silk. The
The
and
dispensingit is called a spatulae.
Cerates are ointments
containingwax, and
ointments
Liniments,
containingoil,and
for
consistence
ointments
between
ointments
Blistering
mediate
a
oils.
and
liniments
or
of
must
applied
be
never
while there
pretence)
flammati
is active in(underany
accompanied with constitutional fever. If this
disease
in any
piece of stupidityis resorted
to
it will
only aggrevate
the
remedies
are
only
flammati
inuseful in the later stages of inflammation, call chronic
all
whether
These cautions apply to
diseases,
of the lungs,ringbone,or spavin.
it be inflammation
they intend
symptoms
Olive
Ammonia
of
Solution
Mix
found
be
of great
for the several diseases indicated
value
Liniment
of
ammonia,
oil,two
of"
Take
:
one
efficacy
:
ounce.
ounces.
and
The
in
These
cure.
will
followingpreparations
The
and
to
sore
agitatetogether.
simple liniment is chieflyused as a counter-irritant
and
throat, rheumatism, sprains,chronic tumors
bronchitis.
A
thus.
of
Take
stronger liniment
may,
if
desired, be
"
Oil of turpentine,
Olive oil,
)
Solution
)
Two
/"
of ammonia.
ounces
of each.
Shake the ammonia
and oil together"then add
Liniment
of"
of camphor.
Take
Camphor,
Olive
one
ounce.
oil,two
ounces.
disolve them.
And
This preparationis often
used
for
deep seated
swellingsof the glands, if required to
powerful,add oil of turpentine.
and
Or, this,take of
Camphor,
one
Dissolve
ammonia
of
tions
inflammabe
ammonia,
ounces.
two
ounces.
the oil
spirit
camphor
; shake
the whole
then agitate
together.
together,
the
more
ounce.
four
spirit,
oil,one pint.
Solution
the other.
"
Rectified
Olive
made
in the
and
of
Liniment
of
sulphate
of
lake
copper,
"
of copper,
one
part.
four
molasses,
parts.
Sulphate
Tar
or
the
Reduce
them
of
a
over
This
thrush,
slow
a
red
sulphate to
brown
is
digestiveointment
foot rot in sheep.
as
liniment
Mercurial
Mercurial
Linseed
oil,six
two
highly beneficial
glands.
also in
of
for
all
skin
affections
not
be
used
too
chronic
Croton
oil,one
oil.
of the
often),it
indurations
is
enlarged
and
of"
Take
part.
\
Eight parts
""
of
of any
these.
turpentine. )
Oil of
liniment
counter-irretant
rheumatism
in
of
for
Oil of
practice, as a
bronchitis,pneumonia, plurisy,chronic
of chronic
glands, and lastlyin cases
joints.
is
of the
enlargement
Wash
of"
Take
ounces.
must
Glycerine, or
Soap liniment,or
This
canker,
ounces.
(but
animals
Liniment
of
cases
ounces.
capital remedy
a
Croton
is
drachm.
one
Liquor ammonia,
domestic
whole
the
drachm.
one
Creosote,
is
together,heat
until
in all
(compound).
ointment, two
Camphor,
This
mix
powder,
together
color.
well
as
fire,stir them
useful
a
fine
a
the
lambs.
)
tar.
useful
more
in
cattle
of^
Take
"
^
r
i
O"'^
i^'"'"^ '^^'^''^
Naptha.
)
Soft soap,
three
pounds.
Sulphur, one pound.
Stir and dissolve in four gallons
then
much
as
this will
cold
dip
Wash
Acidun
"
y
potassium.
gallons.
of
14
Sulphur,
Hellebore
4
Six
of
ounces
each.
j
ounces.
root,
the several
the arsenic
will make
of
Take
sheep.
arsenicalis,pulverized.^
Soft soap.
Carbonate
Boil
as
Add
boiling water.
altogether25 gallons,
25 lambs.
for
Water,
water
of
2
ounces.
ingredientsin
is dissolved, then
add
a
the
portion
rest
of
of the
water
water.
until
34
Liniment
for tetanus
V Two
r-
Oil of organum.
Oil of cider.
this
Rub
Take
of"
1
Turpentine.
^"1
lockjaw.
or
Mix.
of each.
ounces
(
J
preparation well
parotid glands
the
on
and
jugularvein.
affections of the eye the
useful.
Take
of
For
will be found
followingwash
"
Wine
}
opium.
^
of
r
-D
Rose
^
water.
r,.
1
wo
ounces
oi
u
each.
c
)
Sulphate of zinc,half scruple.
Shake
them togetherand apply gentlyto
the eyes.
Ointments, chieflyused in horse practice.
ointment.
Take
of
Blistering
Black pitch,four ounces.
Resin, four ounces.
"
Wax, three
ounces.
Oil,twelve ounces.
Cantharides,pulverized,five ounces.
Euphorbium, two ounces.
Melt
the pitch,rosin and wax
together,then
afterwards
the powder, with care.
ointment
Hoof
Yellow
"
1
wax.
|
Lard.
J-Equal
turpentine.|
J
Honey.
Sweet
oil,
the
add
oil.
parts.
Venice
oil together,then
the wax, lard and
turpentineand honey. Stir tillcold.
First melt
Hoof
Oil
To
liquid
of turpentine,
four
"
Wood
tar, four
Whale
oil,eightounces.
make
a
ounces.
ounces.
solution
of
aloes.
Take
pound.
Carbonate
of Soda, half pound.
Water, one gallon.
Take
seven
pintsof the water, break
aloes in the water, by putting them
on
Barbadoes
of
"
aloes, one
cool pour off. Dissolve
then mix
water, after heating,
when
the
add
the
both
soda
up
a
and
fire not
too
in the other
togetherand
the
dissolve
cork
hot,
part of
up.
35
Chronic
mixture
cough
"
Barbadoes
Digitalis,
use
Burns
and
ounces.
The
mass.
sulphur
Burn
:
lime,
of
two
ounces.
a
stable
a
chloride
make
to
disinfect
To
thirteen
mass,
together
powder,
ounce.
one
Common
Beat
in
aloes
carbolic
crude
or
scalds.
the
coating
linseed
of
following
white
and
plate,
or
lead
mixed
consists
together
of
;
also
"
)
lime.
of
-^^
Chloric
ounce.
iron
of
Take
:
Hydride
oil
an
remedy
"
a
on
one
acid.
excellent
An
is
dose
^^
ether.
Glycerine,
^^
^^^^
^
)
five
ounces.
Mix.
Cathartic
for
oil,
Castor
of
Syrup
a
Take
dog.
three
of"
parts.
Buckthorn,
two
parts.
"
poppy,
Dose,
of
the
four
animal.
to
eight
one
fluid
part.
drachms,
according
to
the
size
the
Esophagus,
the
Intestines,
the
This
"
practice
of
(for some
is
generally
oftener, perhaps, by the
in their
animal's
the
mischief
if the
Veterinary
Surgeon
Symptoms.
mouth,
and
saliva
then
is in
the
of
contained
of
Smear
"
pulverized
If the
ounces.
and
condition
no
borax
in
is
an
undiluted
of very
is
form
cines
medi-
poured
down
it is well
throat
prescriptions
The
or
;
potent
and
the
from
strictly followed,
to
the
of
the
much
or
stomach
those
sulphuric
lips
the
one
be
two
is
Food
masticate
tongue
up
and
down,
time
the
rejected, as
the
some
lips with
glycerine
suspected
of
called
ounces,
and
Now
swallow.
or
and
ounce,
abominations
ether
After
is heard.
tongue
the
them.
from
flows
swollen.
to
motion
in
constantly
of
redness
unusual
large quantities
in
Treatment.
take
lips are
the
is inflamed
animal
be
Turpentine
and
consequences,
gastritis.
There
"
smacking
tongue
Gin
their
extend
pernicious
most
a
ensue.
may
and
of
should
MOUTH.
fiery liquid
The
not
producing
stomach,
damage
does
of
result
administration
heedless
throat
small
Glands,
AND
giving
of
state.
pure
the
disease) in
supposed
other
Pharynx,
and
large
TONGUE
THE
horsemen
some
the
Peritoneum.
OF
INFLAMMATION
the
and
Liver
ORGANS.
Teeth,
Stomach,
the
and
Cause.
and
Lips, Tongue
the
include
These
DIGESTIVE
THE
OF
DISEASES
the
honey
or
injury
from
condition
tinct.
of
ing:
followsix
poison
powders,
opium
two
38
oil half
linseed
dose.
Cold
pint,for one
gruel
be given instead of the oil if preferred. Let the food
may
Laceration
of
only consist of cold gruel and boiled roots.
in many
the tongue is not uncommon
: violence
shapes produce
if they do not
divide it. When
of this kind
a brutality
is to
is inflicted,
experience proves that the best treatment
fluid ounce
of
take two
quarts of tepid water, put into it one
ounces,
carbolic
acid, and
bathing his tongue
a
the
will find
creature
in it ; the
each
quantityof
relief in
much
be doubled
may
if necessary.
back
and
grazingget thorns stuck into the
cheek, causingdischargeof saliva
while
sometimes
Cattle
part of the tongue
or
to eat, which
inability
AND
ULCERATED
Cause,
The
"
must
and
to
seen
IRREGULAR
is
former
be
extracted.
TEETH.
produced by
chiefly
small
stones
gettingmixed with the oats or other feed
and, of course, one
(throughthe negligence of stablemen),
of the molar teeth become
or
more
permanently injured by
of the powerful jaws of the horse.
the terrible wrench
in some
acids given by ignorantpersons
cases
rare
Powerful
of various
sizes
disease
induces
Symptoms.
of the teeth.
swellingof
considerable
and
tenderness
lodges in the hole formed
in chewing, and
great difficulty
and
evil does
not
the face, the food
is
There
putrifies.
breath
is
There
"
smells
badly.
stop here, after
But
some
time
in
most
the
the
cases
injured wears
tooth
.
the
away,
having no attrition,grows to an
enormous
size,grates againstthe gum, and is followed by a
for glanders.
has been mistaken
discharge,which sometimes
men
Any person interested in the subject may see such a speciYork
exhibition at the New
on
College of Veterinary
and
the
opposing tooth
Surgeons.
Treatmient.
the
stuffing
but it is
"
tooth
Many
with
remedies
have
been
gutta percha and
always the best plan to have
the
tried,such
other
as
substances,
diseased
tooth
re-
39
moved
by
chiselled
a
animals
cause
of much
pain to
outer
edges of
the upper
get sharp
molars
is
a
state
The
jaw.
with
to
off
rasp
little
a
should
mouth
The
the
aged
the
of the
The
lower
cheek
and
gums
consequences
flcent caution
at
be
used
kept
to
not
open
it take
should
time, even
a
with
a
lower
teeth
a
week.
ballingiron,and
the cheeks
wound
feed.
It is best
for that purpose.
made
instrument
proper
a
gets
edges
eat.
to
attempts
are
dribblingof saliva and quidding of the
of the
of thing is produced by contraction
is to file off the edges of the
only treatment
constant
This
the inner
and
lances, cutting the
as
the animal
time
every
the horse
piece
a
Irregular teeth
as
;
and
purpose,
oppositemolar.
the
off
that
for
forceps made
or
suf-
tongue.
LAMPAS.
Cause.
This
"
fancied
disease
occurs
only in
cuttingtheir teeth.
During this period swelling of
Symptoms.
while
horses
"
of the
and
palateabove
the
are
the bridle
the parts become
the animal
Treatment.
behind
ridges
incisor teeth is quite
especially
symptoms,
the
slight febrile
teeth or tushes begin to show
themselves,
and
enlarged,which prehighly vascular
vents
from eatinghis food.
There
common.
when
young
No
"
severe
measures
are
necessary,
such
as
burning or tearingthe palate. Simply scarifythe enlarged
lance or pen knife,not too
deeply,and
ridgeswith a thumb
apply a wash of alum water ; give the animal soft food, boiled
roots, bran
mashes,
STOMACH
or
STAGGERS
soaked
OR
grain.
ACUTE
INDIGESTION.
origin of this
generally but one
stinence
after long abdisease,and that is overloadingthe stomach
is small
in proportion to the size of
; this organ
terrupted
the horse, but the digestiveapparatus provides for uninit is produced by eating
digestion; sometimes
Cause.
"
There
is
40
hurriedly,after
been
not
accustomed,
function
as
bulky food, if
much
the
arrested
the
leads
has
water
is
stomach
which
to
animal
has
vetches, clover, "c.
corn,
digestionbeing
of
especiallyif
gas,
work, food
severe
of
out
formation
to
been
taken;
order,
The
also
of
coarse,
produces
indigestion.
Symptoms,
is distended
the stomach
As
"
with
food, so
is the
belly with gas. There is as a consequence
colicky
of the bowels, dullness in the sleepy stage,
pains,torj^idity
and a staggeringgait. This condition
of the organs,
if not
relieved,soon
of the
labored
and
in
ends
The
stomach.
the
breathing,
tail motionless
; at
on
get relief by sitting
former
the
brain
is
in
the
action, while
phrensy.
in
times
other
its haunches.
or
quick pulse,
a
animal
Sleepy
is
it
and
to
mad
gers
stag-
disease ; in
same
the
reflex
or
congested, producing
brightnessof
against the
ears
attempts
oppressed by sympathetic
latter
ture
rup-
blanched, the
the
and
perspiration,
his head
bore
to
membrane
mucous
bowels
signs are
other
is also unnatural
There
skin is bathed
tries
of the
different stages of the
only
are
inflammation
animal
the
wall.
the eye, the
When
sometimes
disease
the
progressed thus far,remedies of any kind are no use.
Treatment.
Bleeding will do no good. For this case
take of linseed oil one
oil twenty drops, or give
pint,croton
has
"
the
horse
of oil of
six drachms
turpentinewith
either of these
rubbing
However,
few
animal
If
with
relief be
no
there
should
great attention
in small
will prevent
should
recurrence
Beside
of calomel.
be
used
obtained,repeat
be
to
quantitiesat
a
ounces
by fomenting and
Injectionsalso containing
water.
smoke
two
be done
may
plenty of ginger will
recovers,
light food
hours
should
hours.
whiskey
tobacco
hot
of aloes with
drachm
one
doses, much
bellywith
the
salt,or
soap,
of solution
great
do
every
hour.
the dose
in
stupor,
good
the food
intervals
drink
a
service.
will be
of
of the disease.
As
a
of
the
required;
four
or
five
42
a
colic,or tympanites (from tympanum,
drum). They are easily diagnosed if the history and
A
of the
attentivelywatched.
patient are
symptoms
this disease : fast driving,
will induce
variety of causes
after severe
exercise,
drinking cold water
change of food
from dry musty oats to new
a
fatiguing
grass, constipation,
be
can
journey,and at other times when no sufficient cause
intestines is
muscular
of the small
coat
assigned. The
powerfully
commonly the seat of the disease, they become
tion
contracted, and spasm or gripes is the result ; the contrac-
called
flatulent
tissues
of the
disease
exists.
disease
in other
into
blood
the
forces
large intestines
The
instances
the
also
are
whatever
; but
parts vv^here
be
the
no
of
seat
it is
cause,
and, unless timely
dangerous affection,
fatal.
and proper treatment
be applied,will speedilyprove
Horses
that are overworked
and badly managed are always
debilitated
old and
good subjectsfor colic,and especially
ones.Inabilityto vomit nauseating food, and offending
subject to
matter, like the dog, renders the solipede more
a
painfuland
most
this
disease
changes
in the
different
at
in
horseman
and
the
this
of
at
nose
the hind
per
more
or
the
States
makes
year
in
than
"
know
The
attack
of
is
how
to
a
manage
qualified
surgeon.
a
mostly
sudden
"the
while
"
feeding,standingin the street, or driving it may
any time or place. First stage, generaluneasiness,
turned to the flank,the forefoot pawing the ground,
ried
the belly,the breathingis hurfoot raised towards
"
during each spasm, the pulse rises from
minute.
During the next
stage these
violent ;
; the
is
at
the
instant,but
control
more
farmer,
Every
Europe.
keeper should
kind, in the absence
this disease
is
occur
the
of
stable
Symptoms.
animal
cattle
seasons
common
case
dogs. The great and sudden
temperature and humidity of the atmosphere
than
poor
now
times
spasms
beast
the animal
come
seems
on
to
to
70
are
get relief for
again with
dashes
beats
symptoms
renewed
is in the greatest agony.
lost; he leapsup and
80
himself
All
an
lence
vioself-
against
the
ground,
times.
several
beast
poor
The
feet ; he
death
makes
Colic.
Spasmodic
Treatment.
timely and
disease
No
remedies
proper
if
hours
fewer
before
vat
box
soon
as
a
is over,
spasm
only time we
following remedies
the
case
of colic
No
opium
Besides
this
(forthose
the
skin.
This
neck.
the
Two
sufficient
skin
is
to
one
a
it
ball, but
a
time
in the
the
On
into
large
a
of straw.
As
quiet,this
little
the
}
medicine.
fail in
For
one
without
a
ounce.
a
is
The
genuine
in
how)
In
be
his
the
to
injecta
of
most
in
of
not
necessary
morphia
under
hypodermic
a
solution
it will
be
insert its
middle
the
Magentas
cases
of
Procure
drachms,
two
it will
dose
of
pint each
emergencies.
for
stable
mouth,
easily learned.
hold
dose.
J
should
anywhere
drachms
dose.
sons
per-
operate.
to
ounce,
through
know
syringe sufficient
under
one
horses
dose
who
Some
of
medicines
valuable
is
eight ounces.
proprietor of
these
Take
of
plenty
known
never
fatal
ounce,
Sulphuric ether
oil
to
administer
to
I have
one
of
Linseed
hope
(per se):
Chloroform
Tincture
can
proves
the horse
the beast
and
that
some
time
is
place.
yields so readily to
shape
remove
in
as
in the proper
be
there
many
kind
neglected.
or
have
stall,if possible,in which
with
severe
any
would
disease
of the
first appearance
a
of
in the
aloes
it would
of
diagnosis.
connected
this,nor
animal
the
highly probable
rendering
of
over
Several
correct
a
know
I
as
rolls
agony.
noticed
badly managed
give a large dose
is
will be
These
"
on
such
of
not
his
always absent in Windy or
most
important distinction,as
symptoms
are
The
with
haunches, and
depend
diseases, although
other
a
recovery
Slight colicky pains
in
are
repeated
back, strikingout
his terrible
ends
be
is fearful.
system
his
on
enumerated
and
treatment
his
on
this may
the
to
rises
Colic, which
Flatulent
the
here
over
now
successivelyuntil
signs
shock
rolls
now
upturned
the
of consequences;
careless
the
sharp point
side of the
of
morphia
be
necessary
is
a
to
44
the
repeat
abate
dose; however, if the symptoms
former
give another.
six times
its bulk
of
water
put
on
a
cloth and
held
not
with
liquorammonia
blister of strong
A
do
the
to
up
ed
bellyhas sometimes done good,but great care is needthe skin should follow ; also,
and dissolving
blistering
of turpentine one
pint,put into one quart of soap
animal's
lest
enemas
has
water,
done
nearly infallible
COLIC,
WINDY
COLIC,
they are
TYMPANITES.
in
especially
Impaired digestion,
"
mend
recom-
remedies.
FLATULENT
Cause.
I would
However,
except the first-mentioned,for
treatment
no
service.
good
old debilitated
stomach, loss of
of the
horses,loss of tonicity
overwork, gorging on
new
fluence,
in-
nervous
and
grass, sudden
great
changes in the heat of the weather, any and each of these
have produced tympanites. A large feed after a long fast,
in fact, anything that
arrests
or
impairs the digestive
in their wild state are
not
Animals
subject to this
powers.
I have
of the system.
derangement
often
bison
watched
with new
fillingthemselves
grass until they
hurried
that every
could not stand ; the respiration
so
was
to do
I expected to see them
moment
expire,but it seemed
a
Retention
of provender in the stomach
them no harm.
pleasant
unhas assigned leads to most
longer time than nature
conditions ; fermentation
begins, and there is a
thus
formation of gas, some
constant
say of hydrogen, and
and
buffaloes
tympanites is the
Symptoms.
behaves
generallywalks
he
stands
swellingis noticeable,the
hangs his head,
fidgetymanner,
Before
"
in
result.
a
in
very
a
the
circuitous
about
him.
After
is observed.
windy
to
colic there is
find in
that
motionless, except
ground, the pulse is feeble
look
in his
way
Here
not
some
but
stall.
foot
the
mal
aniand
vals
inter-
At
the
paws
high. There is a very sleepy
men
time enlargement of the abdo-
it may
be
that violence
spasmodic colic, the
well
of action
animal
that
state
to
that
does
we
not
in
pect
ex-
sud-
45
againstthe ground, neither does
repeatedly. There is considerable
he
denly dash himself
over
his back
on
in the animal's
down
It is well
in
dead
colic the animal
three
for
in
windy
days,
four
or
the
preceding symptoms,
the
to
colic the
hours, whereas
few
a
In addition
until relieved.
that
distressed
be
may
windy colic.
in spasmodic
in
seldom
also
remember
to
is well, or
animal
is very
which
all),
at
caution
does, indeed, lie
(ifhe
lie down
to
attempts
roll
phragm
fluid,the dialabored, the eye almost
breathing becomes
is pressed againstthe lungs so as to injure the
if
ensues
breathing; the heart flutters,and death soon
is not applied.
|)roper treatment
is correctlydiagnosed,
the case
As soon
Treatment.
as
"
three to
liquorammonia
half a pint of linseed oil ;
take
of
into
the animal's
down
will be
state
as
givingthe medicine, a dirtyjob
the beast.
that is to backrake
and
the
out
the
of
of the
this part of the
cases
food
No
cured.
and
so
surgeon,
not
is
water
or
should
However,
the gas
its
only
the
case
relieved
many
very
until the
mal.
the aniis
animal
protracted one,
a
prove
in the
back
has
but
stomach,
fill the
injection
an
up
In
given
be
to
troduced
in-
raked
contents
better.
alone
treatment
oiled
their ends, and
and
the
much
and
next,
be well
hand
the
suds ; if it comes
quarts of castile soap
some
face
rectum,
done
After this is done, throw
the floor.
on
be
fingerscompressed togetherat
graduallyup
Besides
deal better.
must
Let
this is horned
as
soon
good
a
put it
drachms, and
four
intestines,the
the prewell as
be followed
must
as
followingtreatment
of lime in
four drachms
of chloride
or
ceeding : Three
be given ; the hydrogen
half a pint of linseed oil must
now
gas
unites
acid.
with
Then, after sometime, give one
charcoal
mixed
of the charcoal
very
severe
and
with
for
one
glycerine,
say
ball,to
obstinate
punctured in order
in
be only one
may
to
a
make
absorb
cases,
an
thousand.
the
form
chloride, and
the
the
or
two
six
to
the
hydro-chloric
mal
of ani-
balls
eightdrachms
gas.
In
left side has
exit for the
gas, but
some
to
be
this
46
DIARRHCEA.
Cause.
sort, or
disease.
Quantities of crude indigested food of any
swallowing any foreign substance, will produce this
Horses
brought from one
part of the States to
"
another, in which
of
water
composition
different
very
a
previouslyused, given to animals, has been known
time.
Certain breeds of horses
to induce
scouring for some
exertion are troubled in this way.
under the slightest
and impure matters
Diarrhoea
also follows from irritating
in the blood ; also from
eating large quantitiesof green
it comes
on
food, and lastly,
occasionallyas a sequel to
disease.
some
debilitating
that
from
Symptoms.
of
looseness
Mere
"
the
without
bowels
with diarrhoea, in which
strainingis not to be confounded
testines
substance
there is nearly always some
impacted in the inunless in the cases
already excepted. Constant
expulsion of liquidfaeces from the bowels (not always in
is nature's own
remedy for drivingout the
largequantities),
The
ation
evacufrom the alimentarycanal.
noxious
substance
contains
it differs very
is also
bilious
mucus,
much
evacuated).
Treatment.
Active
"
It is best to watch
in
its
doing
the
there
Should
work.
own
is not
ordinary cases
symptoms, and help nature
in
treatment
advised.
with little evacuations, her indications
remedies
to
assist her.
this
In
drachms, gentian four drachms,
dose.
An
there be
liningof
mucous
the
Take
twenty
of
tea, for
one
into
make
four
of aloes
take
case,
intestines after the
soothing
ether
and
grainsof tannin, put
flax seed
there for laxitive
are
ball of
a
one
ginger may be given yisteadof
continued
purging from relaxation
offending substances, here
given.
great straining
be
of
equal amount
gentian.Should
of
disease blood
dysentery,(inwhich
from
in which
fsecel matters,
and
dose
remedies
laudanum
them
for the
expulsionof
into
ounce,
one
a
horse.
are
pint
The
to
all
be
with
gruel,or
provender
of
47
should
hay, and
dose
above
little
very
No
water.
given once
be
may
consist
and
changed,
be
roots
Any
"
oil,arsenic,and
to
set
acrid
new
good
The
grass.
day, if required.
COLITIS.
poisonous substance, as
quack condition powders, have been
of the intestines.
and
work
cold, hard
a
and
oats
croton
or
inflammation
up
or
twice
or
DYSENTERY,
Cause.
of bruised
feed
musty
Long
also
are
known
to
exposure
potent
to
means
inflammatory purgation.
Symptoms.
of
this disease
is
to
person
evacuations from
(and
bowels.
In
for colic.
containingblood,
to
this
Violent
lymph,
mucus,
ulceration),
pus,
the distinction between
these
toms
symp-
dangerous complaint
is also in this disease excessive
There
offensive stench
an
this disease
mistake
proceed
diarrhoea.
pain in the beginning
that might lead an
experien
in-
symptom
one
the bowels
it
should
mark
and
great abdominal
The
"
from
addition
the watery
these
to
fluid
thirst,
dischargedfrom
there
symptoms
is
an
the
mittent
inter-
pulse, the face is haggard looking, and there
of the
slighttympanites. These
complaint
symptoms
unrelieved
speedilyend in death.
Treatment.
the
During
"
the
first stage of the
disease
is
if
give
following:
"
Sulphuric ether
Tincture
of
Tincture
Linseed
one
!
"
opium
^
"
filthof the
evacuations,tie up
let
the
gruel.
recovery
",
one
dose.
oil six ounces,
necessary
tea.
^
For
of catechu
It will be
of linseed
j
ounce,
If the
also
Should
food
no
keep the quarters free from the
and also giveinjections
the tail,
the animal
consist
of
improve
boiled
on
are
the above
oats, linseed
constipatedfor
or
ground
consequence
bowels
it is of
to
some
tea
time
for alarm.
ment,
treat-
and
after
INFLAMMATION
Cause.
OF
Protracted
"
in
end
sometimes
overloading
acts
the
inflammation
such
the
animal
an
kicks
as
large
is
and
stomach
or
staggers
delicate
organs
indigestiblefood
old
of enteritis.
chills after
sudden
by
on
In
;
quently
frestances
in-
other
exhausting work,
perspiringvery freely.External
violence,
of
blows, has given rise to inflammation
intestines.
small
or
Avith
ENTERITIS.
these
of
excitingcause
an
it is brought
when
of colic
cases
stomach
as
BOWELS,
THE
which
predisposingcauses
Occasionally it occurs
Besides
are
as
other
are
in their
obscure
very
sequel
a
these, there
origin.
epizooticdiseases,such
to
influenza, "c.
as
Symptoms.
first
The
"
colic, only of
milder
much
a
symptoms
breathing increased
pretends
lie
to
and
over
plunging
called.
colic
in
to
try
a
quicker
Pressure
animal
continually.
Should
Treatment.
AVhen
"
if the animal
the
pulse firm
extent
of
the
bowels
oil
eight
ether
throat.
four
of
chances
two
copious
confined
tincture
ounces,
and
ounces,
good
can
tea, in which
applicationof
a
thin
by
be
is
coating
wiry,
or
from
it is
as
his
to
in
flanks
the bowels
horn
two
time,
and
pecially
es-
two
to
the
lessen
the
bleed
to
doing
we
arterial
aloes.
also
done
there
will
he
good condition,and
so
opium
gently
in
seen
the
give
of
ticular
par-
pulse
treatment
in
balance
don't
or
head
hesitate
not
five quarts,
or
are
is
and
do
distinct,
and
and
urination.
case
is young
exudation, and
Much
of linseed
and
stall
times
the
;
his
yield to
the
the
gives great pain, while
turns
case
is
there
act, and
to
the
casional
oc-
by rolling,kicking
smaller,
the abdomen
on
his
At
fashion
and
has
cautious
on.
himself
horse
round
very
rest
to
ease
it relieves ; the
begin
seems
resemble
dilated, and
are
walks
methodical
very
becomes
firm
being
he
but
down,
spot he chooses
what
roll
animal
; the
The
type.
nostrils
shivering fits,the
much
very
system.
of
Take
ounces,
it down
the
If
linseed
sulphuric
animal's
by repeated injections
of opium.
An
ounces
of mustard
to
the
belly, or
50
the
by
:
following prescriptions
asafoetida
drachms,
When
water.
warm
boiled
barley,mashes,
Another
season.
of asafoetida
and
dose
the
animal
also
the
change
to
feed
mixed
with
following:
savin
and
drachm
a
these medicines
let the animal
a
Let
linseed
and
treacle
for
a
dition
ad-
In
purge.
plenty of
have
in
Take
"
morning give
next
to
food, if they are
is the
drachms, calomel
two
turpentineand
fasting,say three
green
remedy
in
down
of
ounce
carrots, and
valuable
ingredientsbe
at night. The
to
to
three
aloes
each, with thirtydrops of oil of male-fern.
half
a
these
given
of
rubbed
one
It is advisable
week.
a
drachms,
two
cold add
is best
It
ether.
times
Take
"
salt
in his feed.
INFLAMMATION
Cause.
OF
This
"
in
seen
of diseases in
animal.
an
malt-house
idleness.
Brewers
look
may
of this
for any
I
well
stalled ; the
and
great demands
on
quently
fre-
not
the
rarest
arises
from
whether
work
over-
mischief
most
to
gland.
not
fed
diseased
a
The
of food
length of time)to
for show
exercise,does
is
the refuse of the
upon
in fine condition
for some
time, and
that kind
kept
form
scarcelyknow
horses
yet their liver be in such
from
chronic
practice.The
our
work, without
no
HEPATITIS.
LIVER,
complaint in its chronic form
of
horses,acute hepatitisis one
high feeding and
or
THE
end
as
is certain
to
produce
stimulation
unnatural
flammati
insulting
re-
(ifpersevered
in
in chronic
for work
are
liver for
hepatitis.Horses
generallyhighlyfed and
without
nourishing food
the
state
the
exercise
secretion
of
makes
bile,and
becomes
congested.
continually overworked
which
This engorgement of blood produces the inflammation
in the Southern
call hepatitis. Horses
States, and in
we
all tropicalclimates
liable to this disease than
more
are
this
those
organ
of
northern
Symptoms.
"
generallyobserved
latitudes.
The
indications
until permanent
of this disease
damage
are
is done.
not
The
SI
his
activityin
or
eye
;
there
the extremities ; the
of
coolness
movements.
over-nice
capriciousand
in his
sprightliness
The
appetite is very
is constipation
of the bowels,
is
There
listless.
is dull and
animal
no
that
shows
dung
the
food
imperfectly digested; the urine is scanty and high
Besides
these
colored, and the pulse has a heavy beat.
of the nostrils is blanched
the liningmembrane
;
symptoms,
occasionallythe eyes have a yellow tinge,and the rightside
shows tenderness
on
pressure, but these signsare not always
not
febrile symptoms
are
prominent.
very
present. The
was
The
temperature,
by thermometer,
shewn
as
will be
about
degrees.
loi
notice in
under
only case of this kind that came
my
seven
this citywas
a splendid bay gelding,about
years old,
and sixteen hands high,the property of a prominent editor
of various periodicals. I regret to say that I was
entirely
ship
ignorantof the historyof the animal previousto his ownerThe
this
by
him
at
the
was
times
such
gentleman
nicetyand
he
meal
a
seemed
have
would
he
daintiness
eat
to
thing
first
The
of his
attacks
of
about
appetite,
although
of feed.
full share
a
noticeable
after
Soon
ing
spasmodic colic,roll-
kicking away for several minutes ;
these were
only the accompaniments of the disease,besides
others yet to be mentioned.
During this time the pulse
over
rise
would
to
his back
on
loi
to
50
and
of the
small
mucus,
and
beats
60
or
degrees.
102
bowels
;
minute, and
per
There
the faeces
(dung) came
60
101-102
above
away
pation
constiin very
with
dry and hard, and generally coated
quantities,
shewing defective digestion; the urine scanty and
pulse was
the bowels, and
to
ture
tempera-
obstinate
was
high colored ; the legs were
always somewhat
mild looking.
eye prominent and
The
the
not
never
feeble and
rose
above
degrees,the temperature
degrees; neither was
the normal
standard
; so
wirey as
(ifI
in
and
the
inflammation
of
cold
remember
right)50
generallyregisteredabout
the respirationvery much
that
on
the whole
the febrile
52
symptoms
not
were
well
very
marked,
in
as
tory
inflamma-
some
disorders.
of
One
the
was
sitting
dog
;
this
trot,
to
with
he
would
of
treated,
maladies.
The
is
as
the
commonly
that
in
fact
medicine
no
if
such
a
urged
late
be
to
obscure
impaction
revealed
matter
like
too
came
case
animal
haunches
exercise,
for
out
This
post-mortem
solid
with
taken
kind.
any
successfully
bowels,
when
do
his
on
this
of
performances
satisfaction
apparent
work
or
remarkable
most
of
the
possibly
could
remove.
obstruction
This
diseased
and
in
soundness
this
the
for
few
his
some
light
Take
one
work;
airy place.
following
of
mix
quart,
morning,
in
a
the
may
of
pint
is
of
also
give
of
water.
two
two
table
or
given
ounces,
of
green
with
time,
a
let
the
exercise,
or
stables
food.
to
The
advantage
liquor
spoonsfull
sity
neces-
him.
heated
from
be
in
plenty
mash
bran
for
the
animal
the
have
detected
him
the
shows
paying
food,
potassium
and
to
case
remove
Plenty
medicine
iodide
previous
for
deceive
would
to
digestive
examination
and
always
torpid
the
the
An
possibly
nutritious
light
hindered
surgeon,
horse
When
"
have
constant
a
custody
Treatment.
animal
of
of
result
work.
very
veterinary
buyer
in
days
their
instance
experienced
most
liver, which
the
performing
from
organs
of
state
the
doubt,
no
was,
:
potassae
night
and
We
now
to
come
breathing
the
raiser,
stock
every
in
horsemen
keeper, and
stable
farmer,
which
with
apparatus,
ing
affect-
diseases,
of
class
important
most
a
ORGANS.
RESPIRATORY
OF THE
DISEASES
be
should
general
acquainted.
well
The
the
the
investing
the
either
subject
It is this
membrane.
mucous
of
all
nearly
diseases
the
remembering
worth
:
of
membrane
will
is found
be
not
the
produced
here
effects
same
irritation,congestion,
certain
in
surfaces
portion
a
of
state
in character
both
when
that
is
mucus
a
at
and
of
out
first
few
A
it
on
cous
mu-
of
the
words
on
in
ticular
par-
this tissue
Wherever
produced
are
in
fact
a
the
of
membrane
place.
by stimulation,
inflammation.
or
of
constantly
mucus
health, but
during
The
amount.
arrested,
it is altered
general
is,
statement
its secretion
increased,
then
these
moistens
disease
is inflamed
membrane
mucous
this
on
called
"catarrh;"
on.
so
the
as
is
This
is called
and
The
is affected
that
instance, inflammation
nostrils
at
are
tissue
delicate
a
mentioned.
above
for
the
action
inflammatory
by
membrane
tubes, "bronchitis,"
bronchial
A
lined
parts
well
digestion, as
of
organs
pleura
inflammation.
chronic
or
the
of these
one
cavities,
nasal
the
are
lungs, and
every
acute
respiration,are
of
organs
of
the
of
number
greater
and
Each
lungs.
attack
to
tubes, the
bronchial
the
larynx,
times
chiefly subject
organs
of
finallyperverted
and
in character.
right understanding
A
great
in
a
measure
these
cases,
proper
"What
of
answer
is the
facts
these
to
the
matter
will
question
with
the
simplify
so
often
horse.?
in
a
asked
"
or
a
54
diagnosis;it
correct
will lead
also
to
correct
treatment,
and
the probable result of these diseases
to
lastly,
prognosis.
Very few diseases there are that inflammation
accompany
but
;
yet there
are
such
some,
their
or
does
not
colic,diarrhoea,
as
hernia,"c.
CATARRH,
Cause.
horses
This
"
that
then
cities. The
hot
which
is very
THE
HEAD.
amongst
common
young
for the firsttime
are
stables
IN
COLD
disease
country, and
such
OR
immured
and
irritate and
to
seems
lines the
this animal.
foul
brought from the fresh,open
in hot, filthy
stables in our
large
atmosphere of the close stalls in
as
nostrils,
In
very
rain
to
long exposure
is produced by the
well
and
the
as
air passages
other
instances
many
the delicate tissue
inflame
catarrh
sudden
changes
from
results
moisture, while in other
of temperature
of
it
cases
which
during the springand fall of the year. Exposure to
in damp ground, may
also produce this
draughts,or stabling
occur
disease.
Again, this disease
unusual
to
and
is often
excite and
the
as
it is
A
"
animal;
called)
;
the secretion
appetite.
Next
the
There
nostrils of
sneezingand
changes
to
and
a
other
causes,
a
a
thin
may
mixed
clogged (or stuffed,
are
in health.
There
be also
is also loss of
hot, dry, and
are
arrested
times
some-
symptomaticfever,with
breathing.
there is a dischargefrom
stage, when
character, generallyaccompanied by
weeping
thick
stupiditycomes
in its first stage has
membranes
nasal
the moist
comes
formed
is usual
and
dullness
the facial sinuses
that
The
general
and
rigors,
or
These, beside
stables.
inflammation
tumefied.
chills
by puttinghorses
they are stabled in
produce nasal catarrh.
Symptoms.
over
on
work, after which
hard
hot, badly ventilated
may
brought
hard
pulse,with
difficult
from
the
After
creamy
with
eyes.
fluid,which
the abnormal
some
shows
secretion.
time
that pus
it
has
55
the disease
Should
down
the
to
neglected for
bronchial
and
larynx
time
some
tubes
laryngitis.Or it may
produce
which
together with roaringor whistling,
of the
Treatment.
nostrils has
the
as
begins to
matter
from
run
relieved.
cool stall ; put
mashes,
cold
are
scalded
or
and
take of belladona
the form
of
ball,or
a
movements
ether
two
water
for
dose
the ball and
it
Should
the
then
The
a
If the febrile
the tongue.
ammonia
of
spirits
into linseed
and
oil,gruel,or
of the oil is sufficient. Both
be
given mornings
to
the
procure
is
sore
in
or
a
the
evenings.
and
ammonia
or
pail of water
some,
cough trouble-
plaster.
applying mustard is to make
around
water, and rub it directly
warm
legs
each; give it in
it pretty
of
best method
thick with
If the
two
drachm
put them
mustard
or
one
place.
fortable,
com-
one
If the throat
apply
a
porarily
tem-
in the firststage,
saltpetredissolved
of
is
is seen
on
convenient
well.
of
out
take of
fluids may
ounce
very
;
clothing;
soon
as
case
eightounces
;
be
not
ether, one
will do
each
drachms
one
it
well marked
are
be
not
camphor
smear
ing
Steam-
in
animal, if possible,
If the
them.
bandage
is caused
thought of.
it is not good ;
warm
light,
on
will
oats
cough,
ation
by alter-
nostrils the animal
the
the
Place
chronic
a
be
to
tried,but
been
it is called
larynx.
Bleeding is not
"
extend
may
then
;
nasal
of the structure
after these
inflammation
the
themselves
show
symptoms
be
the throat
it is spread
puttingit on a cloth of any kind. When
anything it is very difficult to retain the cloth in its place.
lants
As the patientimproves he will require tonics and stimuto build
up his strength by improving the appetite.
without
on
For
this purpose
gentiantwo
ounces;
balls; roll each
and
of
make
these
four
up
in very
thin
paper,
ammonia
ounces
two
up
and
give
ounces,
into
one
eight
night
morning.
Nasal
the
of carbonate
take
gleet is
discharge may
always
very
a
chronic
be
offensive.
from
The
of catarrh.
form
one
or
stench
both
In
this
nostrils,but
is intolerable.
case
it is
Pus
56
ration
healthyhas undergone degeneand become
ichorous, This state of things is often
mistaken
the discharge is thin and
for glanders,in which
In
sticky,and generally without any perceptiblesmell.
I have seen, the trephinehad to be employed
bad cases
some
which
in the former
in order
This
is
to
generallydone
in which
through the opening
one
a
wash
half
a
drachm
a
in this
acid
nitre and
copper,
ball with
linseed
is the
case
of
up
out.
quarts of
two
to
quart of
one
it may
is also
fluid
following:
Take
of
made
If the
water.
The
dry.
run
is
of zinc
of chloride
first-rate wash
A
patient is properly nourished
medicine
them
cleanse
large syringe,inject this
made.
of carbolic
ounce
made
with
Then, with
dissolved.
of
was
bore into the facial sinuses and
water
warm
case
best
sulphate of
into
drachm
each, made
gentian,one
meal ; give this dose night and morning.
a
LARYNGITIS.
Cause.
The
"
three
forms
of
this
disease
are
usually
den
such as sudby any or all of the followingcauses,
and dirtyprochanges of weather, hot stables,coarse
vender,
kinds
three
rank bedding, and irregular
The
work.
induced
the
are
chronic.
sub-acute, acute, and
that part of
When
larynx is the only part affected it is not
complicated with influenza or
very dangerous, but when
other diseases it is a serious business.
Through the larynx
it is the
is the passage
the windpipe or trachea, and
to
membrane
mucous
liningthat organ that is here the seat of
the throat called the
inflammation.
epidemic ;
lesion is
It may
be
a
some
endemic
seasons,
the latter form
the
cause
or
of this
purelyconjectural.
Symptoms.
to
it assumes
when
in
be, as
mere
"
The
cold
and
sub-acute
sore
form
is what
throat, with
a
is
supposed
slightcough, loss
the animal,
and slightfebrile symptoms
appetite,
; when
by rest and a little ordinary attention,regainshealth in a
few days. It is very different,
however, with the acute form.
of
Here
we
have
well
marked
symptoms
:
labored
breathing,
S8
the animal's
it on
smear
spoonful!at
By this means
up take
is properlymade
mixture
a
tongue.
time
a
there is
he will swallow
forcingor disturbingthe patient;
and
no
much
as
given two or three
all this,much
times a day. Besides
good will be done by
counter-irritation. Apply a good mustard
poulticeor strong
liniment
the throat, with an eight-tailed
around
bandage or
suits him
as
without
at
time.
a
it makes
it
"
When
medicine
the
I
never
one
use
self"but
my-
directlyto the
this plan will do,
tried also, but
animal.
given it will
cough, besides
is
recommended
here
softeningthe
soothingand
the effect of
have
which,
needlesslyannoying the
without
be
thick paste of mustard
been
have
Setons
may
matter
no
justapply a
skin.
This
effects.
other
Let
there be
him
don't
force
After
this,as
throat
the
twice
'a
to
he
drink
day
be
must
he
"
progresses,
symptoms
are
will take
a
patient,but
little at
a
time.
When
green food, "c.
stimulants
relieved tonics and
given.
some
Take
[ Two
of ammonia.
Carbonate
Gentian.
the
gruelleft before
warm
some
of
"
of each
ounces
eightballs;
\
two
a
for
day.
PHARYNGITIS.
nected
larynx and pharynx are so intimately conoften produced either disease,
that the same
causes
mechanical injuryor external violence accounts
except when
for injuryof the latter. The
part
pharynx is the posterior
of the mouth, through the funnel-shaped cavity of which
Cause.
tood
"
passes
The
into the
esophagus.
These
parts
are
ally
occasion-
by the attempts to relieve animals while endangered
by rough and inexperiencedpersons.
by choking,especially
hurt
Symptoms.
these
very
tood
cases
"
but
deglutition
;
be swallowed.
very
often spasms
no
In
laryngitis.
little from
a
vary
there is little or
difficult
can
These
tenderness
in the
on
majority of
pressure,
instances
but
no
ing,
Besides,there is scarcelyany coughof the muscles
of the neck.
After
59
the inflammation
called the
the
As
this is in
perverted mucus;
hanging from the
and
neck
and
relieve in
are
febrile symptoms
or
(thisis
of
saliva
like ropy
addition
less
secretion.
of
superabundance
a
these
to
symptoms
respiration
the patient.The
in proportion to
favor
to
the distress of
more
are
is
straightout,
held
measure
some
increase
an
appearance
In
mouth.
secretion
the
part is arrested
there
continues
inflammation
the head
comes
time
some
the
of
liningmembrane
dry stage)
; then
the
from
for
continued
has
severe
cated
of the parts, as indiseverityof the local inflammation
by the pulse and temperature.
it be a case
Should
merely of stricture of the esophagus,
it is easilydistinguished
by the peculiarand repeated cough
substance
which
is caused
lodging in any part of
by some
the
the passage.
Treatment.
counter-irritants
of mustard
Consists
"
the
in
principally
applied to that part
followingmay be used
Solution
of ammonia.
the
use
r
powerful
Instead
of the throat.
:
^i.j.^^,^^^^^^^^
0''^"^"''-
of
^f ^^^1,
(Shake them
well.)
.
'
Oil of
Or, if
be
turpentine.
is employed,
mustard
added
One
to
(ifgiven
to
food,
once
twice
or
a
day) the
is
gruel,if the creature
but
support his strength,
it,will help to
down,
horned
or
bandaging
clothingand
harm
much
also be
must
it
may
will relieve
drink
feverish
nice
some
oil may
of Croton
drops
saltpetrein the animal's
of
ounce
few
efficacious.
it more
make
a
symptoms.
forced
not
to
be very
must
The
ensue.
attended
As
take
fully
care-
usual
to.
BRONCHITIS.
Cause.
of
the
"
This
horse.
is
Much
in connection
produce bronchitis.
fall of
some
seasons,
a
most
the
with
insidious
same
dangerous disease
perniciousinfluences
former
Besides
and
diseases
tioned
men-
of air passages
these, during the spring and
this disorder
seems
to
be
epidemic,
6o
of horses
instances
ferries and
other
soon
after in
after
a
membrane
is the
who
exposed
known
cold winds
to
of conveyance
many
crossing
bronchitis
contract
standing in the street
when
perspiringfreely. The mucous
in the lungs
air tubes which terminate
form
bad
a
I have
attacked.
were
modes
sharp drive
liningthe
; also from
of the disease.
seat
is associated
bronchitis
When
the
of animals
the number
from
gravityof
the case,
is
and
with
all times
at
it increases
influenza
complicationto
a
be dreaded.
Symptoms.
noticed
The
"
until
heeded
or
premonitory symptoms
the
seldom
are
is established.
disease
The
thing complained of generallyis a bad cough, as if
coming through a long tube. There is generalconstitutional
lowed
foldisturbance
labored ; each inspiration
; the respiration
first
several
by
throat.
the disease
As
there is also tenderness
coughs;
appetiteis lost,the
the
progresses
the
about
The mouth
to move.
legsget cold, and the patientis averse
is hot and dry, and the nasal membrane
highlyinjected.
During the dry stage of this disorder the feverish symptoms
well marked.
are
65
or
70. beats
per
minute, and
the
in the
be
cannot
expectorated,and
the surfaces
air passages,
in the
secretion,as
it is
whether
to
different
sound
is
hence
the
40
to
stage,
of the
this
internal
lates
accumu-
air, in passing
the
the
state
of the
thick ; in each
hard, dry, or
when
of
mucus
accordingto
is heard
20
animals
danger
thickened
and
diff'erentsounds,
through,makes
a
there
old
or
young
of
Large quantities
drowning.
case
of very
case
may
;^6or
breathing from
there is superabundance of secretion from
tubes ; and
from
stage of the disease,called the moist
In the next
30.
also increase
98" to 105",the pulse
rise from
to
temperature of the animal
The
ear
is
applied to
is
weakened,
the part.
During
the
but there is
on
the
no
disease
the
dullness
contrary,
resonance.
on
murmur
respiratory
as
percussion,
In
this
in
pneumonia, but
malady
weakness
is
the
produced by
of the bronchial
blocking up
the
Favorable
and
symptoms
fallingof the pulse
tural,
nabreathinggettingmore
the
by
the
body,
from
blood
tubes.
shown
are
of the
temperature
the
imperfect oxygenization of
of
relieved, and by the return
cough symptoms
and
the appetite. The
signs of danger are an increased
brane
tremulous
painful,the nasal mempulse,the breathing more
the
of a bluish hue, and
bloody froth hanging from
while the animal is coughing,
mouth.
These, with paroxysms
the
signs.
fatal
are
Treatment.
and
do
they
harm
more
than
the block-wheeled
the
In
early stage
60 to
to
this may
something
like its normal
do
much
in
a
if
harm
proved
the time
to
when
given
this purpose
For
state.
is the best
water
This
is
in the next
experience
is
the
bring down
to
hour.
is increase
there
thing ;
medicine
a
stage
requisiteto
the
of
meddle
it.
soothe
To
and
relieve the
cough,
of ammonia,
Carbonate
Extract
(One
day.)
Roll
up
it will be
balls
is
Have
handier
to
be
to
given
the sufferer
in his
6
of each
the ball,when
legs; put
nitre
of belladona.
drachm
on
drink
for
removed
it will
of:
with
r
liquorice or
)
linseed
gentian
this form.
a
to
little
a
meal.
ball,to be given
times
light,warm
"
a
up
made, in tissue
give in
three
take
j Make
Camphor.
the
is well
pint of
second
considerable
disease, so
with
disease,before
it
dry state),
may
has
in fashion.
this
drops of aconite
be
given every
80
that
of
Steaming
Experience
they belong
;
the
(or in
mucus
pulse
good
were
cars
admissible.
of date.
all out
nostrils,
":c.,are
the
is great weakness
there
As
by the symptoms.
prostration,no blood-lettingis
this disorder
for
measures
indicated
are
of
remedial
The
"
or
three
of
a
thin paper
some
One
times
this kind
;
of
day, as gently as possible.
a loose, airyplace ; bandage
clothing.
help him.
Give
In
one
addition
ounce
to
of
what
62
remedies
already prescribed,it will be
apply powerful blisters to the
are
importance to
of the
of
highest
the
sides
front and
in the
preceding
article. Thick
mustard
plasters are
mostly used in city
practice,
applied the whole way from the jaw to the sternum.
When
the bowels are constipatedgive no drastic medicine
;
this can
of warm
be done
The
by clysters
soap-suds,"c.
kind of light,
patient should be encouraged to take some
nourishingfood ; a little warm
gruel is about the best that
after recovery has progressed for some
be given. Even
can
days, food in small quantitiesonly is to be given,such as
scaled
oats, green
food, but no
hay. To build up the
animal's
required.
strength tonics and stimulants are now
For
neck, such
this purpose
recommended
are
as
take of
"
}
y
)
of ammonia.
Carbonate
,"
^
Gentian.
Make
this
up
OR
PNEUMONIA,
In
"
ounces
into
the air passages
considered.
to
the
in the
produce
horse, there
Foremost
among
perniciousinfluences
many
that excite and
and
LUNGS.
THE
OF
INFLAMMATION
addition
alreadymentioned
be
Iwo
eightballs ; giveone morning
nourishingfood and gentleexercise.
mass
evening,with
Cause,
i
ofr each.
r^.
are
inflammation
others yet
some
these
is
for
one
of
to
which
ignorance,heedlessness, or influences beyond our control
that is the fashionable
be pleaded,and
cannot
atrocityof
mation
Bronchitis and inflamclippinghorses in the winter season.
of
in thousands
of the lungs,ending in death, are
The
instances the penalty of this beautiful habit.
pockets
fast men
of our
to pay
have
of some
handsomely at
very
times to indulge this fancied improvement.
Nature
ages)cry
on
and
out
their laws.
science
(both
protestants
from
againstthis system as a monstrous
of blanketingand
No
amount
appliances will compensate
for
nature's
the
earliest
innovation
other
winter
clumsy
garment.
^3
not
of
seven-eighths
than
more
in the bovine
whereas
The
bowels
them
very
skin of the horse
and
cattle,the muscles
Unlike
skin
the
(founder)change
lungs; this is called metastasis.
associated
are
that
together in
its
long continued
pneumonia.
of
Symptoms.
in
ushered
The
animal
nasal
membrane
patientstands
affects
in many
and
remedies.
to
the
pneumonia
and
Cold
causes
common
disorder
is
heat
irregular
sorts;" the mouth
of
attack
and
seat
also
are
dangerous
by shiveringfits
is "out
five inches.
or
complicatedform
some
exertion
over
This
"
the abdomen,
intense cold
Influenza
instances,and render it very intractable
and
togetherare
over
four
they are
cause.
tion
have, lastly,
examples of inflamma-
readily. We
of the laminae
inch thick
an
race
near
so
are
this
has also resulted from
of the bowels
Inflammation
generally
skin.
the
of
is hot and
dry,the
The
discolored,and the extremities cold.
with his head drooping and his legs apart, to
tive,
breathing. The bowels are usuallycosis
of the animal
the coat
rough, and the appearance
occasional cough,
is an
quitedejected and stupid. There
is so prominent in
which
character
but not
of the severe
relieve his labored
bronchitis
and
painful. The
from
70
to
diseases ; it is fuller,freer, and less
pulse is full and oppressed,and increases to
80
other
beats
increases
per
the
minute.
The
temperature
to
constitutional
105" or
106"
in the
respirationis also increased
is affected, and
In many
labored.
patientsonly one
be
the rightlung,but both of the organs
chiefly
may
During the
subject of congestion or inflammation.
congestivestage ;
the
of this disease
attack
there
is
an
abnormal
amount
turbance
dis-
and
that
the
first
of blood
for the oxygen
lungs,and a greater demand
of the air to purifyit ; so to accommodate
this state of affairs
Ithere is increase of respiration
The
and labor.
capillary
vessels which ramify upon
the air cells become
gorged with
carried
to
the
red blood.
This
leads
to
abnormal
amount
congestionof
of
blood
those organs.
forced
into the
Should
the
lungs
patientbe
64
neglectedin this stage of the
greatlyaggravated; the serum
the
result.
a
:
of
become
symptoms
the blood
exudes
through
of the blood vessels,and permanent
injuryis the
of exudation
doctrine
be brieflystated
The
may
quantityof fluid in porous vessels being forced upon
coats
thus
disease the
a
condition
whose
centre
effusion
transmitted,an
allows
little
or
of it to
none
be
result,through the distended
must
of the vessels.
coats
When
the
lungs of
animal
an
thus
are
matory
inflam-
subjectedto
action,as in pneumonia, this exudation
of the
serum
poured into the air cells,and there solidifies,
which
the hope of recovery
in bad
makes
almost
cases
the patient is seen
and treated in time,
impossible. When
that is,while there is only congestionof the lungs,no permanent
the cells are filled
When
damage has been done.
with this exuded
material the lung is said to be hepatized,
The
or
a liver-like tissue.
healthylungs float on water ; in
the latter state they sink.
If we
others.
there are
Besides
these symptoms
apply
the ear behind
the shoulder, instead of the natural respiratory
shall hear a fine crackling
of healthylungs,we
murmur
of the blood
is
succeeded
crepitation,
When
progresses.
there
comes
air cells
are
is the
of the
In
and
back
evidence
the
the
coarse,
rale,as
mucus
tap the spaces
dull, dead
of the
between
sound, which
the exudation.
shows
Dullness
of
solidifying
on
the
ease
dis-
the
ribs
that the
sion
percus-
the cellular tissue
effects of the inflammation.
examples
rare
attacks
a
a
we
filled with
lungs from
some
by
laminae
the inflammation
of the
leaves
the
lungs
foot,producing founder
or
laminitis.
Treatment.
"
The
subject of
treatment
in this disorder
highlyimportant. Improper remedies will do immense
mischief,and in teaching others what plan to follow a man
In the late epizootic
what he is talkingabout.
must
know
fluenza,
in some
had
we
patients pneumonia associated with inis
and
many
died
from
the
effects of proper
remedies
66
the midwife
priestor
of
for
time
some
blood
much
so
the
brings down
as
tion
By abstracpulse we lessen
the contrary.
to
say
may
"
The
fullness of the vessels,
The
number
The
force of the
corpuscles,
heart's impulse,
arterial impulse,
of red
"
of the
excitement
The
centres.
nerve
Equalize the circulation.
And
each
by
excitement
vascular
thus lessen the
or
effects
this purpose
60
sulphuricether,every
circulation
givingone
The
the
school
new
the
inflammation, and
its
make
of nitre in
that
symptoms
are
do
to
produce
the
in many
success
drops of aconite,in water,
80
hours, until there is depression
two
indicated
ounce
measures
to
try
with
by powerful sedatives,and
For
of the
the
exudation, and
of resultant
amount
of
practitioners
Other
cases.
with
connected
diminish
we
less destructive.
changes
same
influences
all of these
and
by the pulse;
a pint of water.
the
time
same
either of these
warrant
not
at
sive
depres-
"
When
the
patientis shiveringand
the
skin cold.
^
btage
of disease continue
the symptoms
^^^ several days.
^^.^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ f^^^l^_
When
r
ot
,
Transudation
When
^When
These
are
contra
signsof debilityare
exudation
indications
that
has
taken
observable.
place.
depletivemeasures
no
and they are such as most
people
pursued with safety,
know
for themselves, and of
can
ordinary intelligence
be
can
of
course
The
avoid.
diagnosis,
symptoms,
its first stage
we
plan of this
all,but enough
the
in this disease.
have
tried
and
to
show
little work
would
for
and
correct
pneumonia in
brieflyand clearlyas
treatment
as
of
permit. We
safe
management
have
of
not
said
animals
67
liquidportionof the blood into the cells
gerous
of the lung-tissue
(we again repeat)is the second and dandies.
part of this disease,and requiresvery different remeThis state of thingsis known
ing
by a dull sound respondto tapping or percussingwith the ends of our
fingerover
full of solid
the lungs. A cavity filled with air, and
one
Exudation
(asin
matter
very
of the
unhealthy animal
responsive sounds.
different
heard
rales
mucus
also another
the
by
The
of transudation.
proof
crepitantor
coarse
applied
when
ear
case)elicits
in the former
the
the
to
fluid may
This
side
is
either
be
of
eff'usion. What
becomes
bloody or serous
The
this fluid after it is outpoured ?
to this question
answer
whether
it shall recover
decides
the fate of the patient,
or
mucus,
die.
pus,
First, it
in the
as
may,
inflammation
of
case
of
the
liver and
lungs, suppurate, and pus form ; or the lymph
exuded
degenerate into exudation
granules,and be
may
such
absorbed.
to be given are
Now, the medicines
finally
will assist nature
in gettingrid of this exudation
sorption
as
by aband
the
for this purpose
best
Take
throughout.
of
( Spiritsof ammonia
stimulant
""
If the
bowels
This
water.
dose
for the first two
not
are
may
Carbonate
oil
-
)
of ammonia
.
Gentian
,
Make
In
addition
-
-
into
to
ounces,
Six
-
ounces.
constipatedomit the
be given two
three
or
-
^
ounce,
Two
-
Afterwards
days.
One
-
Sulphuric ether
( Linseed
dose
one
-
has
take
of
times
give
a
day
"
^
^^
1
oil and
wo
ounces
ofr each.
\
eightballs
all that
lants
stimu-
"
Diffusible
for
tonics and
are
;
give twice
been
a
day.
said,great attention
to
feeding (light,
digestible
food),in small quantitiesat a time,
is of the highestimportance. Bandage the legs,clothe the
boxthe patientinto an airy,comfortable
body, and remove
with plenty of bedding. Many
stall,
relapses have taken
place from over-feeding.
68
sides with mustard
the
Blistering
is often
tried in
doubtful.
to
ihe
severe
it is
However,
an
OR
PLEURITIS,
Causes.
The
"
pneumonia,
are
Inflammation
"
to
are
very
be left
PLEURISY.
much
very
it is needless
and
Symptoms.
causes
good effects
question,and may
practitioners.
open
of the individual
judgment
its
but
cases,
other counter-irritants
or
the
same
as
produce
repeat them.
the
of
membrane
serous
liningthe chest and protectingthe lungs is sometimes found
as
an
independent disease,and also in connection with bad
The principal
of pneumonia.
cases
symptoms are shivering,
with hot mouth
and other signsof fever; disinclination to
round
sional
turn
a rapid,firm,corded
or
pulse; an occamove;
ing,
short,painfulcough ; hurried,shallow,careful breathsometimes
followed
by a sigh or grunt. In a state of
has a soft,oilytouch ; it is thin,fine,
health this membrane
and
transparent as a silk pocket handkerchief, and during
inflamed every
But when
respirationhas a slightmotion.
intense pain. To avoid this pain,
of breathing causes
act
of the ribs,the abdominal
muscles
caused
by the movements
called in to aid in respiration there is tucking up of
are
of the flanks.
the bellyand lifting
the ribs causes
the spaces between
Pressure
pain,and
on
the ear
is applied to the chest it discovers
a
when
rough,
"
raspingnoise.
During the earlypart
looks round
a
"
to
his
side,paws
jerkingmanner.
the patientseems
looks
more
Exudation
blood
passes
of the disease
After
some
with his feet,and
time
"
from
easier,the pain is
frequently
the horse
to
one
gone,
breathes
and
three
in
days
the animal
cheerful.
is
now
proceeding;
into the chest
gallons; this state
breathing becomes
to
amount
fluid
portion of
of from
six
to
the
ten
hydrothorax. After this the
liftwith flappingof the nostrils,
is called
worse,
the
the
69
ing
sides,a small, irregularpulse,and
the
the water-line
When
legs.
the chest the
adhesions
are
patientmay
of the
Treatment.
higher than
not
In
recover.
the
much
few
some
styleof
same
the
third
one
of
there
cases
the effects of fibrinous
pleura from
Very
"
is
swellingof
lymph.
is
treatment
in the prethat has been recommended
requiredin pleurisy,
ceding
article for pneumonia.
If the patient is seen
in time, before effusion has taken
place, blood
The
taken.
the
to
warnings
clearlyexpressed in
idle
be
cautions
laxative
the
my
It is there
four
"
patient also
one
In addition
days.
as
medicine
ammonia
the
patientover
aloes
in
are
so
it would
with many
costive
give
solution; give
for
water
few
a
such
remedies, counter-irritants,
be
must
also tonics and
this
Besides
of
are
of nitre in his
these
gentianand
"
bowels
be
may
applied to
the
sides of
lungs.
I recommend
pneumonia
drachms
mustard,
or
six quarts
commended,
If the
ounce
to
or
non-depletive measures
of pneumonia,
treatment
reservations.
and
five
for
repeat them.
to
of
amount
stimulants
given,as
be
to
of ammonia.
carbonate
diuretic ball,for this purpose,
take of
r Saltpetre
One ounce.
a
in
"
-
Twice
day
a
"
"
Resin
-
(.Soap
In
some
making
between
bad
very
the seventh
this if possible,
and
-
liquidhas
the
cases
opening into
an
-
This
"
diseases,"such
shake
off.
When
generallyend
state
of
as
the
is
eighthribs ;
and
trust
to
the
catarrh
in chronic
mucous
but
treatment
removed
and
it is better
canula
to
avoid
here laid down.
"
and
treated
bronchitis,and
or
cough.
membrane
old follower
of the
not
so
family
easy
to
neglected these disorders
It consists
of
the
in
irritable
an
air passages.
easilyexcited by exercise,changes of temperature,
trivial causes.
by
COUGH.
generallyan
badly
be
the chest with the trocar
CHRONIC
Cause.
to
"
and
It is
other
70
Treatment,
good
j Croton oil
( Glycerine
External
use
larynx every
good results
head
i
to
:
drops,
20
ounce.
immediately on the throat around the
ten
plan has been tried with
days. Another
the applicationof a red-hot iron,sometimes
"
of
hammer,
a
be
cough
cases
relieve,but don't
mixtures
a
few
until
seconds
in
repeated twice
month.
a
In
hands.
unprofessional
in
is the safer method
former
these
there for
held
the part is blistered ; it may
The
the best
15
-
-
tried with
been
this be rubbed
Let
the
followingis about
The
results.
have
applications
vSeveral
"
little
do very
good
they only
;
cure.
ROARING.
Cause.
Atrophy
"
of
the muscles
of the
quence
larynx,in conseat every
tion.
inspira-
fall inward
cartileges
and
The calibre of the passage being thus diminished
obstructed, the air in passing along produces a peculiar
of which
the
of flap.
sort
horses
a
roaring,gratingsound, and in some
Roaring,highblowing and whistlingresults from these causes
tumors, and. tight reining,
they supervene from strangles,
"
last
which
a
few
was
a
very
Europe
this
bearing-rein accomplished
The
ago.
years
in
aristocratic fashion
common
purpose.
Some
instances
rare
continued
from
Each
and
a
mucous
and
unsoundness, because
they
recommended.
THICK
in
resulted
horse's present usefulness.
treatment
Consists
roaring have
fright.
of these defects constitute
interfere with
No
terror
of confirmed
a
WIND.
thickened, corrugated condition
membrane
of the
usually results
from
ultimate
repeated
and
or
remoter
serious
of
the
bronchii,
attacks
of
bronchitis.
breathing is accelerated,the number
are
equallyincreased,and
inspirations
and
respirations
accompanied
of
The
are
71
observable
by a loud wheezing noise,which is particularly
a
sharp trot, or
Any sudden
movement,
during exertion.
blow
unexpected
an
even
dry,loud cough.
cured, by
sedatives.
-
animal
is
-
this purpose
For
take
sionally
occa-
"
each.
)
-
given
twice
or
once
continue
excellent
drachm
V- One
-
-
be
may
fed, and
Another
and
palliated,
-
Opium
Camphor
dose
be
may
short,
a
-^
Nitre
This
wind
Thick
ribs,produces
the
upon
for two
or
preparationfor
a
three
the
same
the
day before
days.
is the
purpose
following:
(Nitre
For
Extract
-j
ball
one
-
-
-
of belladona
( Arsenic
-
-
| One drachm
each.
)
Eight grains.
.
plaint
eight days. The comalso be greatlymitigated
by using easy digestible
may
nutritive food of small bulk, supplying one
two
or
pounds
and often.
dailyof linseed cake. Beside these, feed regularly
Limit
small
much
as
as
possiblethe quantity of water
drinks,but often,if required. And lastly,
always allow an
hour to elapsebetween
feedingand work.
This
be
may
given
for
or
seven
"
BROKEN
These
by
for
stand
names
PULMONARY
HEAVES,
WIND,
a
structural
followed
inspiratory
one
breathing.There
is also
a
by
ribs and
abdominal
in the double
of the cells
or
by feeding on
When
the
against the
muscles
cure
the
on
flanks
are
is
expiratoryacts
seen
while
cough, which
is
larynx; the nostrils are
constantlyagitated;the
called into action
to
assist
expiration. This disease results from rupture
lobes of the lungs,and is generallyproduced
food in largequantities.
unnutritious
coarse
animal
is put
to
lungs ruptures
hereditary.
No
two
disease which
hollow, muffled
easilydetected by pressure
and
the
unnaturallydilated,
"c.
EMPHYSEMA,
recommended.
work
those
in this
parts.
state
the
pressure
It is sometimes
72
CONGESTION
Cause.
This
"
THE
LUNGS.
lesion,although the
in
exists
also
OF
in
separate form
a
modification
of
disease
exciting and
producing
the
; for
high condition, that are allowed
the whim
are
or
capriceof the owner
put
to
This
appliesmore
This
taken
the
on
horses
young
work
no
speed without
especiallyto
their
the top of
much
very
example,
in
nia,
pneumo-
patients.
some
depends
cause
of
precursor
for
weeks,
at
and
suddenly
cise.
preliminaryexer-
out
any
hunters, and
trotters,
race-horses.
Animals
condition,also
in poor
of these
work, each
unusual
Sudden
and
exposure
lungs
exudation
has taken
blood
frothymucus.
and
Symptoms.
nostrils
expanded,
their
of
is bathed
turned
are
to
to
out, and
it
dark
his
;
jump
out
the flanks
the whole
all these
write
rate
no
body
symptoms
down, and
sequently
con-
required.
inducingor excitingany lesion
remembered, and considerablymodify the
The
"
always
is
treatment
going
while
distress,
it takes
than
nent
promi-
although
great
a
if
perspiration.Sometimes
in
Treatment.
remedies
at
as
a
gestion.
con-
filled with
lungs are
appear
to
of affairs the heart
state
blows
eyes
is also
cold
and
severe
rise
give
may
blood, and
the
is in great
the animal
prompt
must
the
in less time
appear
this
animal
sockets,the elbows
heaving ;
In
place,yet
The
"
severe
with
overcharged
are
to
to
put
are
blunders
for this lesion.
reason
that
be
causes
instances.
in many
In
this
case
a
very
simple
remedy of the right kind will set the patientall right in a
will do untold
of the wrong
sort
few minutes, while one
mischief.
We
have
seen
that the heart
over-taxed, therefore
Almost
three
a
any
drachms
little
water.
stimulant
of
will
do,
as
of
spirits
sweet
Let
the
the
especiallythe legs,and
animal
his head
and
need
of
lungs were
immediate
whiskey, brandy
nitre
also
turned
or
be
help.
ale,or
sulphuricether
well
to
or
denly
sud-
rubbed
the wind.
in
over,
74
on
general rule this disorder comes
the animal
is out
of
slowly; there is general indisposition,
In a few days there is stiffness about
condition.
the neck ;
is "breeding strangles;"there
it is suspected the animal
throat and a cough. As the fever heightens
be a sore
may
there is a dischargeof a thick yellow muco-purulent matter
in breathing. By this
from
and some
the nostrils,
difficulty
time the appetite is lost. The
pulse increases to 50 or 60
Symptoms.
As
"
minute.
beats per
a
and temperature
respiration
The
also
are
increased.
there is noticed
Soon
extend
may
When
tender.
found
these
parts
cellular tissue between
favorably.
the branches
contents
past. But should
the
it does, and
it form
should
the disease
take
form,
not
tumor
if it does
else, or
somewhere
worst
all,form
on
these
complicationsto
be
are
This
follow.
time
of
of
state
past for the
has
usually
sub-cutaneous
jaw.
progressingvery
and
the
danger
form, as
irregular
or
go
back
and
thigh,under
as
shoulder
the
formation
of
organs,
fatal
some
result
suspected when
be
things may
often
reappear
of the internal
dreaded,
is
properly,or
suppurate
some
its
softens and
tumor
an
not
the inside of the
on
blade, or,
the
it is
the crisis of the disorder
escape,
is
there
of the lower
historyof the case
eightor ten days the
If in
hard, hot, and
in the
tumor
this is the
When
may
examined
are
hard, inflammatory
a
it is very
parotidglands ;
the
to
jaw,which
the
enlargement under
an
the
in the
tumor
there is wasting and
prostrationof
ordinaryplace. Then
ratory
strength,with derangement either of the digestiveor respiorgans.
Treatment.
is
diseases
"
to
Any
of the disorder
course
or
are
such
use
safe termination.
indications
The
to
physic,or
be used.
maturing of
The
the tumor
means
as
measures
is
such
to
be
treatment
in
shall conduct
them
for
that
arrest
or
as
to
put back
avoided,therefore
medicines
these
no
a
the
letting,
blood-
aconite,opium, "c.,
great objectto be gained is the healthy
in its right place. Good
nursing is
75
the
will
tumor
is unusually long
good when the tumor
the abscess will burst
In ordinarycases
when
for using the knife is indicated
pointed,and fluctuations are felt when
the
becomes
tumor
the
by
touched
finger.
attention
Great
patient;
the
time
The
itself.
the
from
first is
inducement
every
In
is in
tumor,
we
When
asphyxia.
given
to
disease, which
about
the
and
west
20th
to
PINK
DISTEMPER,
with
such
violence
the
over
its appearance
California,and
even
to
India,
"
or
we
have
as
both
which
They
;
October, 1872, graduallyextending
Canada,
horse, all fared
the
well, such
suit very
countries,first made
of
truck
the
constitution
the
dition
hemispheres. Neither age nor conold,
to interfere with its operations.Horses
the pampered trotter and the neglected
dirty,
its sweep
clean
raged
other
and
States
seemed
Of
up
and
"c.
EYE,
young,
the
where
cases,
tonics
progressing,
build
FEVER,
CATARRHAL
INFLUENZA,
taking in
anything
EPIZOOTIC.
LATE
THE
north
or
gentian,6zc.
ammonia,
here
is
will
already recommended
United
oats,
bad
very
some
recovery
be
should
stimulants
This
scalded
and
tried,such
be
should
danger of suffocation before the burstingof the
the animal
have
to perform tracheotomy to save
animal
those
required in nourishing
eat
to
crushed
apples and carrots,
the patient will eat.
as
from
any
In
the better.
much
so
will do
Blistering
in coming forward.
of
without
mature
; if it does
ordinary cases
ference
application or inter-
in this disorder.
medicine
than
better
alike
at
the
attack
of
this leveller,
epizooticform.
order,
influences or morbid
causes
originatingthis disknow
wisest thing to say is,that we
very little.
and so forth,
been termed
atmospheric,electrical,
call influenza
in its
76
It
the
belongs to
class
same
in cattle ; while
as
its attacks
rain
pleuro-pneumonia and murare
chieflyconfined to the
late
of the year.
months
spring and autumn
This epizooticwas
emphaticallycalled the new disease
men
were
everywhere,
by all sorts of people ; the newspaper
nowhere.
the doctors
A^ccordingto these ubiquitous and
unheard-of
tenacious gentlemen it was
an
disease,and the
veterinarians were
completely at sea as to diagnosisand
it should, like all new
Of course
treatment.
things,have a
and
of names
bran
were
new
accordingly a score
name,
each phase of
as
invented, each the length of a horse's tail,
the disease presented itself. Needless
alarm, and absurd
treatment
by unprofessionalpersons was the result of these
"
"
false statements.
It would
interesting
(ifspace
be very
visitations
the
historyand
the
year
calamities
1848.
probable
it will be
During
of this disease
these
24
in
since
Europe
eight
than
less
no
years
trace
in its
equine race
this being a new
So far from
disease,the
epizooticform.
professionare acquainted with it since 1848 ; and it is highly
round
The
of
this kind
permitted)to
a
new
afflicted the
disease
before
a
few
roll
seasons
again.
enzootic
of
form
this
complaint
is present with
us
spring and fall,and is (in stable language)called
The authorities in the stable
pink-eye," distemper,""c.
sometimes
to
also call strangles"distemper;" so it is hard
every
"
"
understand
their
Symptoms.
"
names.
This
belongs to that
from
a Greek
blood-poisoners,
zymootic,or
leaven
to
signifies
as
blood
is the
disease
(as from
yeast, to
of the disease.
This
class known
word
ferment);
is soon
which
hence
the
manifested
by
a
low, debilitating
fever,of the typhoid form, and always
tending to complicationsof various organs of the body.
The
seat
earliest and
the muscular
of the
.prominentsymptom is weakness;
tions
debilityis out of all proportion to the indicapulse or temperature, and is chieflyshown by
most
77
staggeringgait. Chills and
of appetite,
a
dry staringcoat, with watery
the first signs of
also among
the eyes, are
this disease.
The
pulse is feeble, risingfrom 50 to 60 beats
increased, and a short,
per minute, the respirationslightly
is injected,
and after a
membrane
dry cough. The mucous
character
few days a dischargeof a thick,creamy
hangs from
hanging of the
loss
shivering,
dischargefrom
nostrils.
the
influenza.
head
This
rises from
60
is
this
As
to
and
a
very
of the disease
state
80; temperature
the
legsextended,
and
to
104
The
patientis afraid
the
to
kidneys also suffer; the
of- those organs.
scanty, showing torpidity
The
bowels
and
always involves
complex disorder,and
or
During
organ.
individual
the
were
cases
late
105;
some
epizooticthe
pulse
tion
respiradown,
is held
head
of
form
the
progresses
from
proportionatelyaccellerated.
catarrhal
the
generally called
lie down.
excretions
This
is
are
most
a
particularpart
complications in
:
complicating
Influenza
"
Laryngitis.
Bronchitis.
Pneumonia.
Pericarditis.
Each
characters
patientswith complicationsof these
treated
according to their several
all of the
and
had
to
be
indications.
In very
many
gave
tendencies
animals
in
rise
may
we
the
recovered
suffered from
enlargement of
should
suppose
immediate
safelytabulate
Died
great
parts of
that rallied and
permanent
from
to
various
disease,afterwards
If
culation
cirdebilityand weakened
passive congestions,with dropsical
the
cases
within
disease,7,500.
the
and
them
the
that
remote
the
body.
of
the
abscesses, rheumatism, and
jointsand
legs.
altogether10,000
of this
effects
in this fashion
first month
the violence
from
of
Thousands
after
died
horses
disease,we
:
the
invasion
of
the
78
f From
I
neglect.
of aconite, belladonna, and
improper use
purgatives.
having worked before recovery was established.
"
7.500
"
Died, within
from
in the order
causes
of the disease.
the violence
"
two
of time
the annexed
from
months
twelve
to
"
'^Hydrothorax.^
\
(Edema.
1
J.
Purpura.
Farcy.
"
2,500
i
a
Influenza, succeeded
-i
t
/
,
^
'
Glanders.
It may
there must
that
be
diversityof symptoms
predominates over all the "rest
be
shown
by
disorder.
Some
bad
the
any
close observer
difference.
importance likewise
The
cases.
cases
showed
we
facts
The
in the
post-mortem
remember
have
we
the
of disease
symptom
one
is the fact that there
is
This
is
beginning.
of this
is characteristic
have
been
of
paralysis
of horses
the
will be able
mistaken
ities,
extremto
thermometry are of
differential diagnosis of
of.
appearances
distinctly.One
the
particularly
; but
this kind
of
cases
complexity
very
staggery gait which
the
where
spinalmeningitis,
but
the
from
debility
great muscular
for
in such
that
observed
ravages
of
some
that ended
detect
much
these
of the chronic
in purpura
of the disease ; solid fibrous
and parted the
separated the coats of the stomach
in the intestines,
muscles ; they were
also found
lungs,and
it
this malady occurs
brain.
When
a sequel to influenza
as
is generallyfatal.
clots
"
question has often been asked, Is this disease you
of
call influenza contagiousor not ?"
Considerable diversity
qualifiedto speak on
opinion,even
amongst veterinarians
in
exists on this question. Many eminent
the subject,
men
asked
the professionbelieve it to be contagious,but when
for the proofs they are
not
forthcoming. This will no doubt
be decided
However, an
as
veterinaryscience advances.
of the fact is error
admission
the rightand safe side.
on
The
79
other
In
showed
pleuralcavities
the
colored
dark
spots
the muscles
treatment,
the
of
smellinglymph; purple
bad
ulceration
sometimes
involved.
We
the
of
unhealthy color.
an
in
much
is very
although it must be modified
organs
fluid;the lungs
serous
There
"
death
subjects after
the
filled with
intestines,and
larynx ; and
Treatment.
of
filled with
and
the
on
examination
cases
little according to
a
great muscular
that
shown
have
in the
common
debilityaccompanies the disease, therefore no purgatives
All depletive
should be employed, as a fixed rule.
measures,
of aconite,
the use
such as are
produced by blood-letting,
belladonna, "c., are all out of place. This appliesto every
in
of the disorder, and
be especiallyborne
should
form
of horses that
mind, as a rule without exception. Hundreds
ing,
might have recovered without any medicine, but good nursdied from
this cause,
mentioned, namely, purgatives,
before
as
abstraction
aconite, hellebore, belladonna, and
of
blood.
It is
w^orthyof record, that the mode
pursued by the professionsince this disease
has
see
varied
never
within
for
reason
any
the
well
as
Having
removed
costive,we
are
and
tonics
:
2
of
two
From
animals
legs,put
or
three
to
are
on
times
in
with
best
of each
Give
j Carbonate
of
I know
of ammonia.
( Gentian.
one
morning
clysters
[ For
evening.
begin
is the following
8
j balls.
and
the
drachms
two
"
ounces
solitary
the first day of the attack
; the
same
able
airy,comfortlightclothing,
If the
a day.
good order
costive,give also
them
keep
stimulants
and
Take
their
If very
water.
in solution.
of aloes
with
them
or
toms
symp-
the
in
use
they
aspects altogether.
new
animal
bandage
shake
and
soap
the
and
of animals
numbers
assumes
in
be
itself,
do
nor
years,
Therefore
same.
large
disease
the
stalls,we
remove
when
as
victims, unless
and
the
showed
the nature
as
will
(and their modifications)
remedies
bowels
last twenty
doing,so long
so
of this disease remain
cases,
of treatment
fact
a
3d
the
When
is very
cough
'^
we
:
distressing
give the following
Ext. of belladonna
-
"
opium
Camphor
Liquorice
Compound
cough mixture
Treacle
Smear
food
The
crushed
the
spoonfulon
a
and
oats
drink.
pailof
; and
bran
To
along the
throat
the
to
effusion of
When
-
Three
-
-
two
or
consist
also
an
"
Two
ounces.
"
Eight
three times
of
ounce
day.
apples,
a
saltpetrein
the bronchial
have
mustard
or
ounce.
of carrots,
patientsas
such
affected,strong linaments
tubes
Two
-
the tongue
an
drachms.
-
-
-
cooked, and
be
to
-
Half
applied
be
to
sternum.
into the cellular tissues firstmade
serum
its appearance,
by swellingsof the legs or sheath, we found
this remedy very efficacious : Instead of givingthe ammonia
Iodine
One
dose, 2
3 times
Iodide
or
Sweet
day
a
givethe following:
in the first prescription,
we
gentianas
and
Water
potassium
of nitre
spirits
or
gruel
of
-
-
-
-
grains.
20
-
-
-
-
i
drachm.
2
ounces.
i
pint.
^
Or
another
.
mto
1.
1^1
i
11
8^^"^
Carbonate
01
fourth
or
firmness
morning and evening.
returninghealth should be
day, and is seen
the pulse,the heat
fifth
of
1
"^ '^^"'^-
-)
-
ounce
.
one
of
symptoms
"-
ammonia
(Gentian
Give
f ^One
"
r
^
-
The
"
-
"
Make1
TkT
o
is the annexed
good preparation
)
i Iodide of ^potassium
very
in the clearness
of the skin
more
manifest
the
of the eyes,
equalized,a
action of the bowels.
and some
dischargefrom the nostrils,
Recovery is expedited by rest, good nursing,proper food,
and the remedies
already mentioned.
SPINAL
This
AND
disease
occurs
among
the lower
producing
similar
as
as
a
MENINGITIS.
CEREBRO-SPINAL
in man,
orders
of
effects,and
panzooticmalady.
in
an
epidemic form,
animals, from
therefore
well
similar causes,
it should
Its clinical
as
be
sidered
con-
however,
history,
animals
It attacks
for in the
barn
it,as
its
as
implies,is
which
membranes
examination
therefore
the
to
forms
in
as
an
inflammation
be
to
wholly
must
of
severityof
the
of
the
system;
nervous
according
vary
course
individual
post
upon
the
from
cases,
death, in fact, is your only premonition.
of this malady is always sudden,
where
those
to
spinal cord.
the
and
within
the
congestion of
disease,will be found
of
disease,
This
and
brain
the
bute
attri-
cannot
we
management.
symptoms
invasion
The
and,
stable
the
degree
mildest
field ; hence
to
seat
well cared
conditions,whether
open
surround
lesion,or
the
mortem
and
the
have,
many
name
Hence
in
or
all
under
other
the
epizootics,
three
well
earlier
extremely
are
cases
fatal.
In
man
which
Radcliffe
denominated
has
the
purpuric," and
and
these
the
be
to
under
forms
degree
of
emotions
exactness
and
as
of
powers
in
being thorough
in order
that
we
tures,
crea-
morbid
of these
the extent
know
may
affected
of these
examinations
our
by the
necessity of
the
Hence
speech.
that
aided
when
ourselves
among
with
of animals
orders
in the lower
phenomena
nervous
study
cannot
we
as
all
found
will be
I trust
convenient,
and
consider
I shall
But
race.
occur,
"
simple, fulminant,
observed, with slight
divisions,which
two
natural
most
is often
same
equine
modifications, in the
the
as
this disease
of
forms
marked
for recovery
in
extreme
disease, in its inception,usually attacks
the
head
the
changes, and
chances
probable
cases.
This
spinal
cord
entire
the
though
only ;
different
than
occurrence
may
only
first,become
at
these
of both
cerebral
The
be
the
system, when
nervous
termination
afterwards, in
but
of
mode
the
called
While
in others
you
of the
creature
to
very
forms, from
invasion
other, and
is
in mild
involves
cases,
severe
of course,
symptoms,
in
similar
the
same
not
of
cases
the
frequent
more
your
a
swallow, and
in
fatal
cause.
attention
of the
general indisposition
on
will first notice an inability
to
or
attempting
to
animal.
the
part
drink
will
^3
often drool
throat
with
will
with the
the matter
though something was
there will appear
a
copious dischargeof saliva
less mucus,
and on
food
opening the mouth
as
soon
;
more
or
found
usuallybe
and
the tongue
on
between
the
teeth,
cavity. At this stage, if the
is often the case, you
is continuallymasticating,
horse
as
is entirely
that the power
be sure
of deglutition
lost,so
may
be swallowed.
of solid or liquidfood can
that no particle
is but
for diptheria,
This symptom, though often mistaken
of the glosso-phathe consequence
of the partialparalysis
which
supply sensation
ryngeal and pneumogastric nerves
sides
and
the
and
motor
of
place in
the medulla
these
cranial
of the
form.
brain,from
at first appears
there is great tenderness
is
Very
the
not
in the
case
the horse
soon
pressure
on
early symptoms
loses
all power
the
thus falls prostrate from
co-ordination,and
taken
MENINGITIS.
of the attack the animal
spinalmode
other
the
already
to
arise.
nerves
unsteady in action,and
along the spine,which
of
has
the base
oblongata^at
SPINAL
In the
which
degree of disturbance
the
it serves
therefore
parts ; and
these
to
power
indicate
which
buccal
the
of
to
inability
cases
pletely
comare
posteriorextremities,which in many
paralyzed from the congestionand effusion that has
taken place in the spinalcord within the lumbar
region. At
this time the sphinctersthat guard the outlets of the bowels
use
and
the
bladder
control
these
over
inflammation
portions of
for
head
becomes
when
death
we
the
a
body
as
the
and
involved
by
the
medulla
and
of
that
not
that
of
has
creature
unfrequently, as
muscles
the neck
to
the
of
the
become
lock-jaw.
no
the
anterior
tracted,
rigidlycon-
But
as
the
paralysisis apparentlycomplete,
follows.
Thus
soon
insensibility
the
or
coma
so
forward, the
while, similar
the difference
see
relaxed,
passages,
extends
in
respiration,
soon
also
are
in these
first
two
modes
form, becomes
is involved, but
of attack.
affected
not
early^or
The
as
until latei' in the
84
Other ; and
in the
which
until
with
so
the
of
paralysis
spinalmode
of attack does
just before death, for
The
fatal.
varies
temperature
these
four
some
deglutition,
usuallyappear
not
majorityof
a
of
or
cases
prove
five
degrees
normal, according to the physicalcondition
the
from
the organs
in certain
patient and the protractionof the malady ; but
implies,occur
cases, which, as the term
fulinina7it
time
of
portionof
one
fall below
even
may
death
no
apparent
the
nervous
interval
taneously
instan-
so
between
the
system being attacked
of the shock
other,the temperature from the severity
the
and
is
there
that
of the
the
usuallymistaken
are
Such
normal.
for "blind
of
cases
sudden
staggers."
slow and feeble
but grows
pulse is quickened at first,
The state of
the disease approaches a fatal termination.
as
the degree of
the bowels depends in a great measure
upon
but
the spinal paralysis.They are
usuallycostive at first,
often become
spotted appearance
extremely loose. The
The
"
of the
is
skin,which
the characteristic
of
one
"
in
symptoms
in
subject,is believed to be of rare occurrence
it on two occasions
the equine race, though I have observed
in a marked
degree. There appeared upon the sides of the
the fore legs,a series of round, hard patches,
body, near
human
the
the
elevated, about
somewhat
twenty
in number
number
of hours.
Treatment.
fatal in
"In
"
its
a
disease
character,"
a
rapid
so
some
remained
in its
Professor
observes
and
penny,
horse, which
each
on
size of
for
and
course
Large,
a
"
it is
of the course
extremely difficult to say anythingsatisfactory
to be
of treatment
adopted. There are certain indications
is it best to carry them
to be fulfilled ; the question is,how
out.?
We
take
must
into
consideration
disease,the probable progress
done
before
the
case
is called in
his
as
cases
the throat
at
is
seen
; it is not
the onset, but
he will find from
or
it has
the
the
of the
nature
made, and the mischief
often
narian
that the veteri-
generallywhen
of
paralysis
extremities,that
posterior
the
some
he
ines
exam-
parts,
inflammation
85
We
the vessels.
the
the
solids is lost,we
deprived of
are
medicine, viz.,by the
within
be
should
the medicines
give a
must
medicine
or
into consideration
reach, whereby
stomach-pump
a
pour
or
pump
We
safelyinto the stomach.
caution with regard to administeringdraughts
It is often a riskyexperiment
in a fluid form.
through
its tube
those
where
the
whose
powers
under
now
cases
sideration,
con-
imperfect,if
but
are
powers
animal
an
on
an
of
ing
administer-
of
might
we
inexperiencedperson, even
are
deglutition
perfect,but in
for
unless
mouth,
in
that
fluids and
both
method
one
from
exuded
be
to
deglutitionof
of
power
products
take
also
must
where
cases
for its
long enough
existed
has
not
altogetherlost, it is fraught with great danger; the fluid
tubes
the trachea
to the bronchial
perhaps pass down
may
is
and
produce death by suff'ocation. If fluid medicine
be
administered, it must
There
quantity.
such
when
but
the
suddenly
clear
a
nature,
rectum,
called
the
or
little in
but
method
hypodermic
from
iiway
and
cines,
administering medi-
of
methods
other
are
by
as
of
home,
we
have
;
not
always these facilities for administration.
"
The
'
?'
As
character
bear
deal
to
it
upon
is the
What
inflammation
have
we
'
questionsare,
next
very
treatment
our
to be
important
be
must
or
it,if possible,
subdue
to
"
a
be administer
should
of treatment
course
of
with, all
medicines
What
adopted.-*'
and
grave
brought
endeavor, if
to
we
intensity to limit it to a part of the
If when
spinal tract, and prevent it spreading to others.
is called he finds the patientdown, prostrated,
the surgeon
littletime previouslyall power
that it has lost for some
or
to
can,
of
diminish
he
deglutition,
; but
it be
swallow
able
reasonable
"
should
to
"
the animal
swallow
or
prognosis is
and
attempt
ment
treat-
prostrated,and
bolus, though it
should
to
be
not
food,
be undertaken
hope
useless
will find it almost
water, the
should
a
its
a
more
favorable, and
persevered in
while
cannot
ment
treat-
there is
of recovery.
agent,
Blood-lettingis a powerful antiphlogistic
but
in
86
indications by
there are no
largemajorityof these cases
therefore be dispensed with.
pulse for its use ; it must
such as aloes, as the depletive
to cathartics,
must
resort
the
the
We
agent, and
besides
is directed
to
principally
of blood
the
system, and
nervous
are
action
whose
that
cise
exer-
limit the
the
on
for this purpose
used
have
sedatives
of those
use
capillaryvessels and
going through them to a part.
influence
an
make
The
ply
sup-
agents
tincture of aconite
and
we
extract
belladonna, alternately
; commencing their administration
of
givingthe cathartic,not waiting for its action,as
the
frequentlycombine
very precious. In fact,we
soon
after
time
is
with
sedative
the
teaspoonfulsof
aloes, for
medium
dose of the
followed
by
recovery
took
revulsive
these
extract.
for several
us
Local
place.
action,should
This
is the
years,
and
agents of
abandoned, and
their
a
tumbler
a
other
of
water
with
dose
a
of treatment
course
where
cases
stimulants
as
spine and
the
to
time
be
a
throat
;
till relief is
protracted
great exhaustion,is apparent,
or
cases
sedative
tonics
so
nature
be
must
administered
be
in
that is affected, in the
that if it is the throat
patient will be able to swallow
will be required for a complete
time
short
course
time,
of
a
well,though
the
days
some
it will be
patientsrespond to the treatment,
the muscles
regain their power in a
the
that
found
few
and
of
tincture of aconite
in the
time
depletiveor
stimulants
full dose
a
stead,to sustain the system.
"When
so
applied to
forces,or
two
blisters,to produce
of
be
that failure of the vital
all
be
to
one
such
applications,
repeated from
Finally,should the case
should
afforded.
with
belladonna
in the form
counter-irritants,
or
from
"
teaspoonfuldoses in part of
hours, or alternatingevery
three
every
of
extract
follows
adult horse ; then administer
an
in half
root
cathartic,as
restoration
to
health.
"
Other
measures
attacked
and
reference
to
those
of
treatment,
under
hygiene and
both
as
regards those
preventive treatment,
diet.
Keep
the
animal
will have
in stal)les
87
that
apartments
or
have
them
Let
water
by
much
of
it,it will
their mouth, and
With
they may
regard to food, let
food, of small
thick
even
be
have
them
to
manage
get
a
littledown.
quantitiesof
small
bulk, nicely prepared, and
The
gruel,cSic.
draughts.
if they
constantly ; even
gratefulto them to wash
them
fresh
swallow
cannot
clean, airy,but free from
are
surface
of
the
tive
nutri-
moderately
extremities
body and
regards temperature ; if cool, thin,
clothing and bandages to the limbs will,by
light,warm
equalizingthe circulation,materiallyassist the treatment."
I would
In addition to these valuable
suggestions,
say that
antidotes for this disease,
of any specific
do not know
as
we
how
the supposed morbid
to eliminate
nor
poison from the
should
blood,
if
watched
be
our
plan in
possible,the
and
of
on
tonics
iron,which
the
the
of
of
animal.
the
all such
with
alcoholic
ounce
doses
should
of
should
and
malady
indicated
are
will be
heart,and
of
of treatment
course
Digitalishas
be
stimulants,and
vital
Quinine
lost
in
keeping up the
an
important action
ment
sightof in the treat-
affections.
nervous
the
restore
bark, with the tincture
great service
never
be to stay,
the first.
from
Peruvian
preparationsof
other
strength
the
progress
Hence
powers.
as
It may
thus used
be
combined
good advantage
in sustaining
the action of that vital and all-important
organ.
of potassium has been
Bromide
given in the earlystages
with valuable
results,and it is deservingof a more
systematic
be given in
trial in the hands of veterinarians.
It should
dissolved
freely,
in
water
to
when
the
creature
can
potash has been used on
of its supposed antiseptic
account
property in thus nullifying
and
the effects of this blood-poison. Counter-irritants
blisters along the spine are of great value if appliedearly,
swallow.
The
permanganate
of
freelyapplied to the back has been
ject.
subfollowed by great alleviation of the pain,in the human
The
applicationof ice to the head and along the
results
spinaltrack has furnished by far the most satisfactory
and
even
actual
of all direct
cautery
treatment;
but
if there
is much
prostration
88
its use,
from
the
and
artificialheat
the
extremities
friction with
resorted
In
become
cold
and
leads
Experience
to.
there
is much
shivering,
to
seem
us
in such
where
cases,
to give large and
failing,
be
the
repeated
gin or brandy.
relation to the principles
of veterinary
hygiene,I
these
be
of
that
say
if necessary,
kept warm
by blankets
in winter.
When
especially
be
chloroform, hartshorn, or turpentineshould
vital powers
doses
should
creature
bestow
cannot
we
afflicted animals.
dailyand
too
The
time and
much
stables
must
would
attention upon
be well ventilated
clarified
by the free use of disinfectants,
especially
if there are
of horses
a
large number
together. Horses
should not be used after they show any signsof this disease,
and undoubtedly many
might have been saved had this precaution
been carefully
heeded
should they be used too
; nor
after having recovered
soon
from an attack of this kind.
PURPURA
Cause.
"
This
H.EMORRHAGICA.
terrible
disease
primaryand independentdisorder
attacks
rarely occurs
animals
; it
as
a
usually
debilitated
nation
subjects,and may be the termiof various diseases,
such as pneumonia, influenza,"c.
When
sufferingfrom these attacks patientsare very often
neglected or wrongfullytreated,or, oftener still,
put to work
before health is established.
This is the historyof hundreds
of
cases
old and
very
in our
which
their
come
before
veterinarians
in the
course
of
with owners
of horses on
this
practice. Remonstrance
Mr. Mayhew
has preached
crueltyis generallyunheeded.
this subjectthan most
but it is very doubtful
more
on
men,
if he did much
good except increase the volume of his book.
The
result of these thingsis the loss of numbers
of horses
and
This
disease most
other disorders.
quently
freby purpura
is the sequel and termination
of pneumonia, strangles,
of neglected colds.
or
influenza,and in odd cases
of any of these diseases may
treatment
Neglect or wrong
lead
to
purpura.
90
Soon after swellings
purpleblotches,blood constantlyoozes.
appear about the head, sternum, belly,sheath, and hind
limbs ; this is caused by the effusion of serum,
mingled with
or
blood, into
the
cellular
enlargements become
days,when bloody serum
skin
is hot and
must
not
tissue.
firm
and
hard,
exudes
from
thickened, but
be
After
and
in
crack
these
a
few
openings. The
ings
painfull. These swell-
not
with
confounded
little time
a
the
anasarca,
for there
are
important distinctions between them ; in the firstplace,they
vicious parents (although
the offspring
not
of the same
are
contend
that they are
cousins on the mother's
some
side).
All dropsiesproceed from
or
a depraved habit
system, or,
in other words, an
tion
of development and vice of nutrierror
affectingthe generalstate of the organs and functions
with perversionor debility.
In the former
the swellingis firm and unyieldingto the
touch ; in the latter it is soft and pitting
The
on
pressure.
cause
producing the one is called by learned folk toxremia,"
"'
the other
In
"cachexia."
the second
instance
the
effused into the cellular
serum
tissue which
produces the swellingsis mingled with blood ;
in the case
of generaldropsy it is simply serum.
Besides
there
the
are
already mentioned
symptoms
others.
The appetitefails,
the bowels irritable and irregular,
the action of the kidneys is also imperfectly
performed,
the pulse is quick and weak, and
there is great general
and
the head
lips interfere
debility
; the swellingsabout
with eating,and, more
serious still,
purple extravasations
similar to those within the nostrils are apt to spread along
the mucous
and bowels, giving
membrane
of the stomach
rise to indigestion,
colic and diarrhoea.
Not
only so, but these blotches may appear on the still
more
sensitive
liningof
the bronchial
which
are
seen
in the
and
lungs,producing
suffocatingcough. These
dilated,flappingnostrils,from
blowing,choking,and
symptoms
tubes
a
trickles.
bloody serum
suffocation carries
or
prostration
In
bad
off the
cases
of
patientin
a
this
few
sort
days.
91
After
black
death
the
blood
blood, which
will
mentioned
coats
in
found
are
coagulate.
not
the
over
Treatment.
well
as
other
clots
the
separate
muscles, and
as
cases,
generally
are
surfaces.
mucous
There
"
the
as
thin,
contain
to
In
fibrous
previous article,
a
of the stomach
distributed
vessels
is
fair
a
hope
of
the
when
recovery
is
when
the head
swellingis confined to the limbs, and even
swollen
to
a
slightextent ; but when, instead of appearing
the extravasation
the mucous
is poured out
on
externally,
of the lungs or bowels, the case
is very hopeless.
membrane
irritable
So
the bowels
are
purgativemedicine
condition
of linseed
Saline
the
and
a
cause
be
must
even
of
doses
moderate
very
ative
dangerous irritation ; so that a laxproduced by clystersand draughts
tea.
diuretics
faultystate of
used
liberally
combination
Solution
of
the
to
counteract
tonics and
support the
strength.
or
remove
stimulants
early
this })urpose
For
"
_
of ammonia
of the
chloride
given three
water, ale, or gruel. Or,
night and morning
or
instead
ounce.
"
-
times
day in
a
this,give
of
ounces.
One
-
of iron
four
Two
-
-
-
be
may
to
blood, and
of the acetate
Tincture
given
be
must
Turpentine
This
that
pint of
following
a
the
"
of iron. 1
{Sulphate
I Two
Gentian.
of each.
Camphor.
Saltpetre.
Besides
medical
perfect rest,
friction
him.
never,
To
when
often
and
forced
never
absorption
as
to
with
essential,
occasional
of
to
the
the
upon
remain
dry
offered
animal,
long before
extravasations
and
sloughing,bathe the mouth
and
vinegar,and
tepid water
prevent
frequentlywith
subsequentlymoisten them
and
nostrils
well
but
it is refused, allowed
promote
as
swellings,
is
airyhouse
legs; plenty of good, nutritious food
varied
frequently,
and
an
J
clothing,bandages,
warm
the
to
treatment,
drachms
with
ecpial parts
of
Gouland's
92
arnica
and
extract
diluted
with
When
fortyparts of water.
about
as
especially
they do frequently,
mild astringent
applications,
dressings,
do occur,
sloLighings
the limbs,tepidwater
and good food afford the best hopes of cure.
to interfere with eating,
When
the lipsare so tumefied
as
ment
for all treatfomented
and scarified,
they must be diligently
will be useless if the
the sheath
swellingsabout
The
head,
scarified.
be
must
cannot
creature
If
eat.
limbs, as well
and
suffocation
ensues,
loathsome
and
the
as
perform
tracheotomy.
GLANDERS.
Cause.
time
.
and
is the
most
malignant
to exist as
subject. It seems
of the chief scourges of the equine race, and at the same
for long continued
neglect
severe
a
penalty on man
This is a fearful complaint
ill-treatment of this animal.
disease
one
This
"
which
to
communicated
when
disorder
to
name
seldom, if
ever,
by
disease ; it is
marked
at
symptoms
equinia. Like
arises as a primary
of
of which
time
the
is
species,and
human
generally the sequel
diseases,some
several
the
of
any
the
known
then
is
the horse
ent
independ-
and
termination
or
shown
have
may
not
of
their
this
purpura,
of
very
invasion, except
generaldebility.
There
The
two
are
latter is
exist for
some
more
months,
contagion amongst
the
of the
owners
The
end.
acute
in this
symptoms
to
glanders,the
of
forms
be
or
even
other
case
of
runs
are
precautions the danger of
might possiblybe stopped
The
but
include
such
as
causes
it
a
year
the disorder
its
very
the
course
well
spreading the
two,
or
decision
any
or
rapidly;
very
marked,
and
to
by
it may
where
propagation of
in time
; it may
former
the
horses, without
nature
form
than
dreaded
chronic.
and
acute
the
by proper
disease
the
chief.
prevent further mis-
merous,
produce glanders are pretty nuthat they
stated in general terms
of the blood,
impairs the integrity
which
"
maybe
everything that
bad
feeding,over-work, close,foul, damp,
or
over-
93
stables."
crowded
also is the
Glanders
and
influenza,strangles,
of
tion
termina-
sequel and
diseases,especially
other
prolonged either by neglect or mismanagement. Any
of horses
in the late epizootic
numbers
has seen
who
when
man
have
must
of
cases
seen
glandersas
the termination
of that
disorder.
is wonderful
There
disease
and
diseases
some
It is like
tuberculosis.
"ithas
a
virus
specific
by inoculation
the likeness end
a
a
between
resemblance
and
mankind, such
of
equine
as
syphilisand
disease,
specific
for it is a
syphilis,
a
specificinflammation, and
its own
here.
this
kind, and
Each
ist.
no
other.
Nor
of these disorders
duces
prodoes
exhibits
2d. Each
depends upon
peculiarplan of morbid process.
gether
altoare
3d. The effects of that cause
peculiar cause.
of its quantityor the extent
of application
irrespective
(the smallest particleof the virus of glandersabsorbed
into the system
is sufficient
produce the disease ; the same
apliesto syphilis).4th, They are especiallydiffusible from
one
5th.They exhibit different
part of the body to another.
stages of morbid
Its
so
might be easilytraced
depositionof tubercle on the lung
the
nasi,(S:c.
forth.
disease
tubercular
(ifspace permitted)by
tissue,septum
and
process,
analogy with
to
inflammation
The
of
each
lowed
is fol-
by abscesses,ulcerations,and other disorders of the
skin,mucous
membrane,
glands and bones, showing great
This tubercle
is seldom, if ever,
obstinacyin their career.
absorbed, either in phthisisor glanders. The contagiousness
of this
by
all
disease,both
to
man
and
beast, is acknowledged
proprietorsoften fancy that when they
have made
their stables scrupulouslyclean after the removal
of an
animal who
had
the disease that all danger is then
the virus
once
past; but this is very often a fallacy. When
is strewn
and
about
lodged in a stable it is not so easily
It is well for the comtenants.
dislodged as are some
munity
poor
people.
that
crueltyto
Horse
there
animals
are
"
some
in every
men
form
who
their
make
"neglect and
specialbusiness,for
94
they
reallyfriends to
with four legs,as
are
animals
themselves,who
community
well
to
as
the
supposed only to have
prevention of crueltyto
are
societies for
receive
the
from
encouragement
every
friends
"
to
the
of horses
owners
fore
legs. Thereanimals
ought to
noble
and
patriotic
two
citizen.
people,in
Some
their
simplicity,
suppose
merely a local disease situated in the
hence sending out a dischargethrough
that
what
may
dispelthat illusion.
has
Symptoms.
said
been
The
"
in its earlier
chronic
here
is
form
have
we
frontial
stage
are
insidious
violent
glanders is
sinuses,and
the nostrils.
well
signsand symptoms
most
no
already,as
that
not
very
and
slow
as
what
I trust
follows,
of this
order
disfilthy
prominent. The
in its operations;
visible manifestations
and
of its
animal
having this form of the disease may
live for two years, and might possiblybe the cause
of spreading
its virus and extending its deadly effects to a thousand
horses,which might all be dead in a few weeks, while the
brute itself lingerson
slow
but
certain death.
to
a
poor
the disease directly
Only one animal in eightor ten contracts
by contagion; this calculation has been arrived at after long
and
When
the
patient examination.
they do it assumes
An
ravages.
form
acute
of
glanders,and as a general rule the creature
week
ten days after ulceration
of the mucous
or
dies within
a
membrane
of the nostrils becomes
constitutional
The
the
same
have
for
and
said
that
the
and
symptoms
inflammation
ordinary,but
in its ravages,
it is
disturbance
both, only intensified in the
already
glanders is no
slow
visible.
as
well
a
as
acute
are
mostly
We
form.
with
connected
specificinflammation;
destructive
impossibleto repairthem.
to
every
it is
tissue,
Ordinary inflammation,
mation
ends in suppuration and the formembrane,
say of mucous
of pus, which, when
finallyabsorbed, the patient
Not
regainsits health.
so, however, with this species. The
constitution is so dreadfullydepressed and debilitated that
95
It
healthy pus.
of
it is in
which
this inflammation
as
with
of
the
skin,the lungs,the glands,and
death.
in
is found
of the
even
its track
of the
membrane
mucous
that
understood
easilybe
there
extends
these
effect of molecular
is the
ulceration
and
abscesses
tissue with
every
causes
explanationit can
this short
From
formation
irregularsores
discharge thin,irritating
pus;
and
contact,
ulcers, which
called
are
riorated
dete-
and
for the
even
inflames
irritates and
edges, which
indented
of the system, is weak
unfit
organization,
unfit for
"
of this inflammation
effects
the
lymph poured out as
partakesof the faultystate
the
bones.
Having very brieflyand imperfectlyexplained the nature
the more
of glanders,a few words
on
and general symptoms
the disease
which
visible and minute
signsand appearances
manifests.
look
horsemen
Most
of
the first symptoms
it.
is
disorder,but
high up as to defy all our
dischargefrom the nose
may
situated
be
this
The
diseases.
many
a
generallyflows from
slightwatery defluxion ;
transparent excretion
;
then
distinguish
mislead, for
also
of
one
this
the
to
may
that
first dischargeis scarcely
The
noticeable, and
first it is
ulceration
the
efforts to
so
to
common
nostrils for
the
of
the membrane
on
the
nostrils ;
changes to
third
a
at
copious
of
formation
or
unhealthy pus, which has generally no perceptiblesimile
when
and
lastlyto the ulcerative stage. The membrane,
'
thus
affected,is found
"
to
be
with
covered
;
straw-colored
in the
discharge the membrane
Ifirst instance is thickened, and the neighboring lymphatic
glands and vessels are enlarged and painful. One or more
'
ulcers.
minute
Previous
pustules
to
any
appear,
first of
a
red
and
afterwards
of
a
commonly situated on the vascular septum
After a time they burst, and the pus escaping leaves
mined
or
ulcer,with rugged, thickened, inflamed, undeterhealthy
edges. The ulcer discharges a sticky,greenish,un-
yellowcolor,and
nasi.
a
hole
This
pus.
membrane
is
ulceration,once
destroyed
and
the
begun,
system
goes
on
until the
poisoned by
the
96
discharge. Along with these
the nose
occasionallybleeds, the eyes are prominent
symptoms
the breathing
and watery, the coat
rough and staring,
disturbed,the pulse soft and easily
snoring and somewhat
there
is a
accelerated.
Together with these symptoms
choking cough, the animal rapidlyloses flesh,
suffocating,
intolerable odor, and
have
the excretions
an
lastly,the
lymphatic glands and vessels are enlarged,hard and painful.
This
to the acute
descriptionapplieswith more
accuracy
is
the chronic
the ulceration
of glanders. In
state
form
with generous
diet has a healthy
while the animal
slight,
work.
perform moderate
coat, and may
and the hopelessTreatment.
The risk of human
life,
ness
this disease no subjectfor treatment.
of the case, makes
matter
The
smallest particleof this dischargeof ichorous
with an
abraded
blown
into the eye, or coming in contact
surface of any part of the body of man
or
beast, is quite
absorption of
this ichorous
"
sufficient
is
to
convey
the disease.
take of lead
to
two-ounce
a
possibleput it through the
deep under ground.
animal's
Therefore
the
ball,and
brain,and
as
have
ment
only treat-
quicklyas
it buried
i
^
FARCY.
Cause,
the
seat
"
This
disease
diseases
of both
in the character
is
only another
is in the blood.
form
The
of
glanders;
least alteration
of this vital fluid
always produces the
orders
identityof these dis-
The
alarming consequences.
has long since been established.
The chief difference between
farcyand glandersconsists
in its site,or the particular
parts of the animal's body which
most
manifests
the ravages
of this terrible disease.
instead
inflammation
of farcy,
specific
The
in ulceration.
of ending in suppuration,terminates
degeneratedlymph poured out from the inflamed glands and
vessels soon
undergoes important changes; the over-lying
soon
becomes
skin soon
absorbed, and farcybuds (orulcers)
Symptoms.
"
The
98
: pretty largedose of Fowler's
day for the following
will do good service.
in a pailof water
of arsenic,
limbs
The
water, and
warm
hot and
when
in
an
to
main
re-
erty
parts. In fine weather,a few hours lib-
field (away from
open
with
be fomented
the ulcers allowed
dischargefrom
no
the sound
on
tender, must
solution
other
will expedite
beasts)
recovery.
RHEUMATISM.
Cause.
vice of
state
of
This
"
disease generally
depends on
fugative
some
which perverts the general
developmentand nutrition,
functions.
of the organs and
things,there is an
As
accumulation
a
result of this
of various
state
excremen-
blood, such as lactic acid, fibrine in
arises as a primaryand independIt very rarely
ent
excess, "c.
disease,but usuallyfollows or accompanies influenza,
in the
titious matters
and
other disorders.
It is not
a
local but
changes from
leaves the
structures
a
constitutional
one
once
part of
affected
stantly
derangement,and conthe body to another,and
very prone to subsequent
attacks.
inflammation of certain
specific
pends
tissues ; it exhibits its own
plan of morbid process ; it dethe peculiarcauses
already mentioned; it is
upon
diffusible from one
part of the body to another; and it is
tain
the morbid
self limited,
lastly
process dyingout after a cerconsists in
Rheumatism
a
time.
attacked are the coveringsof muscles,
chiefly
of joints,
tendons, and ligaments,the fibro-serous textures
of the
the structures
the valves of the heart,and, lastly,
largerblood vessels. This disease is decidedlyhereditary,
and may be excited and developedby various causes.
The
tissues
Rheumatism
is
generallyushered in by
febrile symptoms, with a full,firm, and unyielding
acute
creased,
and temperature are
pulse,the respiration
moderatelyinwhile the pain the creature
intense.
suffers is most
Symptoms.
"
99
disease
This
standing,the
from
(orjointoil);
its
increased
to
this week
"
to
inability
and
muscles
This
intractable
credit
"
in the fibrous
veterinarysurgeon.
cold, with
to
exposure
comes
as
and
sequel to
a
diagnose,very obstinate
generally brings very
to
remedies, and
to
the
to
it
of the horse, when
disorder
diseases, is often hard
long
head
of the heart.
valves
other
in the
pericardium
the
to
legs,
bago,
it is called lum-
when
back,
eventuallyextend
may
the
move
chords; sometimes
of the
stantly
con-
be in fore
it may
legs. Occasionallyis located
then it is vulgarlycalled the
the
and
particularlocality,
no
neck, producing stiffness and
coveringsof
enlargements,which
puffy.
place
in the hind
week
troublesome
is confined
changes
next
ness,
givesrise to lamedetect.
to
During
secretion of synovia
there is also considerable
disease
The
this
"
out, soft and
bulged
inflamed
appearance
preventing the animal
cases
there is an
neighborhood
the
and
is so great
torture
attacks of this kind
swelled
some
is sometimes
which
are
preferencefor
in the
seen
parts, in
those
of
decided
a
this is
joints;
of
has
In
some
little
instances
rare
feet, induces
bad
and
kind
a
of
rheumatism.
Treatment.
without
trying first to
that the
seat
the
No
is little
There
"
six drachms
bowels.
Then
the
of aloes
of
"
Saltpetre
-
( Pulverized
This
at
least
if the
in
is
a
one
creature
Clothe
is
be
to abate
first endeavor.
the
ball
a
consisting
mildly operate
so
bad
slings.Together
-
-
-
-
colchicum
Give
dose.
week.
; therefore
shown
the
on
following:
( Oil of turpentine
Take
to
have
We
the animal
Give
remedies
external
cause.
should
symptoms
bleeding is necessary.
to
the
remove
in
of the disease is in the blood
constitutional
of four
use
with
ounce.
drachms.
Four
One
drachm.
gruelnight and morning for
body, bandage the limbs, and
it in
the
as
-
One
not
the
to
be
above
able
to
stand, put him
treatment,
the
limbs
lOO
well with
be rubbed
may
apply mustard
let the
well
attention
Proper
will also be
required.
ammonia
as
WEED
Cause.
hot
them.
nourishing the patient
animal
improves give tonics
and gentian.
the
As
cities where
In
highlyrecommend
can
feeding
to
stimulants,such
and
we
ammonia, or
applying them
of
Before
down.
rubbed
be had
can
strong linament
the affected parts.
to
parts be
baths
vapor
a
and
CELLULITIS.
OR
lesion,although supposed to be confined
to either of the hind
a constitutional
limbs, depends upon
the Blood
derangement, and therefore we place it among
This
"
Diseases.
The
firstindication
of
hind
the left)
legs (generally
; there
heat
and
The
causes
is
without
to
work
in horses
irregularly
work, left suddenly
hard
constant
also
are
secretions
and
of these conditions
the
muscles
These
following exposure
seen
skin
of the
of Ioav breed
which
lead
may
and
are
remarks
soft
limbs,
and
wet,
arrested, especially
are
coarse
to
well
as
flabby,and
to
apply particularly
the
legs
of the
many
brought from Pennsylvania.
this swellingand lameness
supervene,
those
as
animals
coarse
How
are
at
exercise ; both
or
effects
the
round.
swelling,
Cellulitis.
or
Similar
in
is considerable
highly fed
that animals
creatures
or
Weed
when
of the
one
tenderness, along the inside of the leg so affected.
producing this state of thingsare various,but it
generallyobserved
worked,
in
is observed
trouble
does
the constitutional
.^
To
these
disturbances
questions we
which
answer:
what
these symptoms
cause
that
and
when
animals
and at the same
at all,
worked, or not worked
irregularly
ilated
the food is assimtime highly fed, under these circumstances
quire
of the system rethe wants
in larger quantity than
these exists for some
time, the chyle so formed
; as
sequently
in the absorbent
accumulates
glands and vessels,which conare
becomes
irritated and
inflamed.
Or
we
may
ex-
lOI
the
press
and
system, and
the
the
naturally subsists between
which
repair of
and
waste
called Weed
balance
the
brieflythus : this
ance
is produced by a disturb-
simply
more
lameness
swellingand
in
facts
same
the
this round-about
After
repairthat waste.
idea may
explanation,some
to
formed
be
material
supply of
the
of
imperfect
and
this
of
nature
disease.
troublesome
Symptoms.
sign of
glands high up
inflammation, beginning in the
is
this lesion
first noticeable
The
"
the
between
This
vessels.
extending along the absorbent
inflammation
gives rise to swelling,heat and tenderness;
these are observed
more
particularly
along the inside of the
is very
Motion
kind
limbs.
of any
painful to the parts
thighs,and
affected,and
which
these
accompany
is usuallya
but there
in the temperature
I had
a
last
of
hind
swellingextended
the
When
parts.
them,
and
abscess
an
at
these
worked, which
is
Treatment.
several
rule
We
of
water
Some
time
same
for
a
-
inner
formed
and
-
not
left
ing
neighborI scarified
animal
the
before
take
cases
as
a
general
is necessary.
measure
better, results from
purge
-
to
highlyfed and seldom
of weed.
producing causes
severe
-
it led
side of the
fit condition
a
limbs
coarse
continued
was
was
many
and
animal
very
practitionersin such
but
from their patients,
in solution
Calomel
the
of the
accomplish equal, if
physic. The annexed
Aloes
At
creature
immediate
such
can
dose
"
one
quarts of blood
no
with
the sheath
to
in
were
This
increase
some
The
the
along
least three abscesses
finallyrecovered.
marked,
well
very
summer.
inflammation
the
As
symptoms
body.
the formation
leg;
not
are
bounding pulse,and
full,
of the
largehead.
a
febrile
The
Pennsylvanian Horse,
large,coarse
and
symptoms
of this kind
case
a
is the result.
lameness
-
-
will do
very
a
well
good
:
Six drachms.
One
let the
limb
be well
long time, and
then
apply
drachm.
fomented
a
flannel
with
warm
bandage.
If
abscesses form
takes
place give
in
fortnight,
them
open
an
temporary
if
in
recovery-
week, for
a
a
(POLYURIA).
scarcely be
can
horse
the
to
annoyance
neglected,it may
and
saltpetreonce
STALKING
This
"
When
tune.
water.
PROFUSE
Cause.
of
ounce
pail of
a
the proper
at
lead
called
his
and
disease, but
a
;
although,
The
exciting
owner
fatal consequences.
to
a
Excessive
doses (especially
are
producing causes
many.
their pure
sweet
state)of turpentine,saltpetre,
spiritsof
nitre,and
other
drugs given by
frequently irritate
flow of urine.
with
In
the
bladder, and
very
indigestion,when
of the blood.
hard
worked
state
of
depends
Sometimes,
drink
and
an
or
state
animals
are
quantitiesof
or
aids
in
lowed
fol-
often
that
grain
oats,
this
water,
has
staking
Profuse
hay
impoverished
weather, when
inordinate
of musty
use
it is connected
instances
on
in hot
is observed.
things
the
it
others,most
this excessive
produce
other
many
and
stablemen
has
been
kiln dried.
Faulty feeding of
well
or
debilitating
diseases,such
as
by suppression of
from
kinds
all
drinkingof
Symptoms.
insatiable
very
The
most
"
thirst
what
eight
"
while
"
exceeds
water
the
has
been
distilled
to
becomes
suddenly
the
Treatment.
boiled
symptoms
end
"
in
are
not
are
the
common
un-
kidneys
is very
so
and
dant,
abun-
deficient
in
that
of
exceeds
neglected and
allowed
rapidlyfalls off"in condition, his
staring;
fails ; the blood
may
as
and
and
sweetness,
by
urine
specificgravity little
creature
rough
off"
The
consumed.
If these
water.
continue
its
that
matter
excessive
pails a day
ten
cold, or
exhausted.
or
are
his
appetite,at
first
coat
voracious,
if
deteriorated, and
becomes
as
strangles,
to
exposure
prominent
of
and
heated
quantity passed
clear,colorless,free
solid
from
freelywhen
and
development,
influenza
as
the secretions
its
checked
un-
nephritisor glanders.
Entire
barley,scalded
change
of
oats, green
food
is necessary,
food, apples and
such
carrots.
I03
with
Mix
each
four
correct
soda, to
of
and
give as little
indigestion,
bowels
are
constipatedgive from
in solution.
of aloes
six drachms
to
the
possible. If
as
of bicarbonate
drachms
two
thirst and
stop the
water
feed
remedial
As
ment
treat-
give the following:
i Iodide
this dose
Give
times
three
"
a
potassium
of
Iodine
-
-
_
_
One
drachm.
One
scruple.
drachms.
of soda
( Carbonate
of Fowler's solution
Or instead of the above
give one ounce
of arsenic in a pint of water, morning and evening. Besides
all that has been
said,let the animal be well groomed and
in
day
all
rubbed
water.
-
relieve the symptoms.
to
over
Four
SCARLATINA.
Cause.
This
"
disease
also
diseases,although it is rather
However,
as
there
it
practice,
our
and
the
is well
of
mode
odd
are
cases
treatment.
"c.
erysipelas,
strangles,
the
often
occurs
odd
cause
as
cases
supervene
This
"
The
animal
muscular
about
and
is weak
debility
;
the head
in
the
very
neck
are
the
also
increases
constitutional
to
in
with
instances
unwillingto
skin dry,harsh
swollen
and
and
by dullness,
a
throat.
sore
; there
move
(in
hot ; The
is
some
glands
tender ; the bowels
irregularly
; the breathingis quickened
pulse small, it may
and
most
teen
four-
or
attention
proper
and
and
kidneys act
"
; I have
in twelve
is ushered
may,
It very
to
disorder
and
febrile symptoms,
system
scarlatina.
to
disease
Symptoms.
in
tate
debili-
that
causes
or
its course
generallyruns
good nursing and
days, when
ordinary cases)expeditesrecovery.
This
with
met
stranglesor influenza
from the late epizootic.
sequel
a
then
of the animal
predispositionexists,lead
where
seen
Any
the vital powers
reduce
or
and
now
acquainted with its symptoms
It is an
eruptivefever, like
be
to
in the horse.
one
uncommon
an
of blood
the head
under
comes
run
io2"-io3"."
disturbance.
up
to
These
In two
60 ; the
temperature
symptoms
or
three
days
reveal
or
the
there-
I04
the
abouts
lips
with
studded
are
these, after
confluent
little
a
appear
neck,
and
about
Besides
patches.
large
those
the
in
about
the
scales
neither
they
;
these
others.
legs
these
;
are
painful
pitting
and
soft
bare
sical
Drop-
and
hard
so
generally
are
In
leaving
and
are
and
from
falls
are
head
similar
horses.
away,
there
the
purpura,
hair
the
skin
head
colored
light
cuticle
about
erysipelas
of
chiefly
symptoms
appear
as
disorder
in
become
the
this
;
pea
a
under
of
weeks
the
these
swellings
so
three
or
skin, and
the
but
body,
of
these
blood
of
instances
particularly
seen
fortnight
on
effusion
most
the
When
the
and
size
the
together.
run
nostrils
the
about
spots
an
In
over
are
a
spots
as
while,
ecchymosis.
spots
not
scarlet
is formed
there
called
within
membrane
mucous
to
touch.
Treatment.
is
disease
the
principal
The
"
and
rest
The
and
put
this
linen
linen
a
over
cover
a
wTapper
medicines
in
Muriate
this
body
rug
will
of
and
one
a
ounces
three
_
_
into
Make
few
six
_
balls
;
of
_
_
give
this
change
days
i Carbonate
8o
Take
half
Gentian
a
the
animal
the
;
legs
best
of:
of
each.
night
one
to
the
ammonia
and
following
) two
-
ounces.
morn.
treatment
ounces
-
(
Give
cool,
outside
The
1
n
balls
a
,
Saltpetre
^
After
is
required.
be
prevent
may
ammonia
of
,
c,
as
of
outset
Bandage
following.
the
are
case
possible.
the
warm
such
the
thing required
first
if
box-stall,
loose
comfortable,
at
nursing,
good
complications.
untoward
treatment
r"
Gentian
one
11
^-
of
-
these
-
balls
-
-
night
and
j
each.
morning.
:
of
io6
FITS,
EPILEPSY,
SICKNESS.
FALLING
THE
OR
disease very rarelyaffects the horse, but is often seen,
of sight
in dogs and overfed
pigs. The senses
especially
This
of all the brain functions,are
hearing,and
and
of
and
the
Besides
with
contorted
creature
these
suspended,
involuntaryspasms.
the jaws become
closed, the
symptoms
the
ground, with the tongue protruding,
about.
and the legsthrown
eyes rolling,
The attack usuallypasses off within ten or twenty minutes,
animal
falls
leaves
the
the
to
animal
disease
depends upon
from
generallyresulting
intestinal
is very
dull, and
abnormal
some
is the
falls
The
return.
of the brain,
state
worms.
either stands
the
to
VERTIGO.
OR
usuallyappliedwhen
term
then
reels,and
or
to
or
plethora,constipation,
debility,
MEAGRIMS,
This
apt
ground,
for
horse
for
at
minutes
few
a
work
stupid,
and
dull
minute
a
lies there
and
a
insensible.
partially
attacks
These
are
usually periodical,
are
frequent
most
the animal
when
during hot weather, and especially
else exposed during heavy
or
a load
up a hill,
of
the full rays
a
hot
known
temporary
of
and
most
detectable
by any
from chorea and epilepsyin the
probably depends upon the
ordinarycircumstances,
of spasm,
absence
to
tunately
unsoundness, but unfor-
constitutes
It differs both
test.
work
sun.
to meagrims
Liability
is not, in
is drawing
from
or
stoppage of the circulation,
the presence
tumors.
In many
tumors
it has
instances
of
the presence
depositsin the velum
traced
been
plexus,sacculous
enlargement of the pinealgland,and
in the choroid
and
interpositum,
also,in other
cases,
to
result from
the circulation of
some
may
blood
poison.
Horses
subject
fitted
to
to
this disease
prevent
any
should
pressure
on
have
a
the blood
collar specially
vessels.
io7
Cause.
(which fact
is communicable
and
proofs)to
sad
many
also to the
with
and
horse, cow,
When
always (a real
of the
feline
and
attested
been
has
sheep.
of the symptoms
one
as
canine
species,
by
is inoculated
man
supposed)dread
or
too
their saliva ; and
species,
by
the human
this virus there is
water
of the
spontaneously in
arise
to
seems
members
other
and
dogs
disease
This
"
HYDROPHOBIA.
OR
RABIES,
disease,and
of
the
hence
hydrophobia. It is of great importance that the
in the dog, in
earlysignsof this disease should be known
order that this dreadful disorder might be detected in time,
life.
and so hinder the animal from destroyinghuman
of
name
Symptoms.
craving
and
fawning
sympathy,
for
the
of
conduct
strange
the first symptoms
Amongst
"
creature
are
by the
manifested
as
the disease
; as
excessive
:
advances,
and
irritability
snapping at invisible objects,
In addition to these symptoms
and a peculiardoleful howl.
of
there is thirst ; pervertedor depraved appetite; paralysis
with the swallowing
of deglutition,
the muscles
interfering
there is great
of food.
at
almost involuntarily
although the creature
snaps
him, and quarrels with his neighbors,he is
objects near
violent unless annoyed or vexed.
seldom
bitten by a rabid dog similar
animals
When
are
or
men
But
symptoms
In
appear.
the
staggers ; gets rapidlyfurious
but he
that
those persons
The
come
of
symptoms
in from
two
bitten.
to
other
the Eustachian
upper
Treatment
danger
is
at, and
run
to
or
bite ;
trample down
after the animal
less
or
themselves
man
important post-mortem
cavities
and
well
as
back
the
part
of
membranes
has been
ances,
appear-
the throat
of the
part of the spinalcord.
is
too
endeavors
hydrophobia usuallyshow
highly vascular,as
brain and
to
trembles
in his way.
eightweeks
Besides
become
; sometimes
generallyattempts
more
animal
horse, the
never
great, and
attempted
the
in
chances
our
of
the
as
practice,
success
give no
io8
to
however, in the
human
a
the
through
poison
the
system,
medicine
no
in several ways
be done
will do
the
is bitten
person
is allowed
is
fore
; there-
good
get rid of the
This
is bitten.
person
by
carried
be
to
any
to
different,
age
first,
by puttinga tightband-
:
immediately squeezingand sucking
uously
continminutes ; or by pouring water
the part,and
around
for several
the wound
and, lastly,
employing a caustic wash.
it ;
upon
OR
LOCK-JAW,
Cause,
a
known
only effectual remedy
the moment
poison,if possible,
the
may
It is very
attempt.
species.When
animal, and
rabid
the
make
encouragement
There
"
forms
two
are
TETANUS.
Traumatic
of this disease.
injury,such as
generallyarises as the result of some
in the neighborhood
and wounds
galls,
a pricked foot,saddle
and ligaments. A very fine punctured wound,
of nerves
scarcely noticeable, is very often followed by lock-jaw;
whereas
an
injuryfrom a large spike of iron seldom has a
tetanus
sequel of
form
idiopathic
The
and
wet
this kind.
This
lock-jaw is caused
cold,by intestinal worms, obstinate
in all animals, but
disease occurs
and
horses
of
sheep.
It consists in
to
by exposure
"c.
constipation,
peculiarirritable
a
continued
spinalcord, producing(tonic)
voluntary and involuntarymuscles.
the
Symptoms.
In this disorder
"
in
particularly
state
of
spasms
the
of the creature
nose
of
the
is
the
hard and rigid,
the muscles
poked out, the tail upraised,
and the bowels
constipated. But the most
gaitstraddling,
is the protrusionof the
symptom
prominent and diagnostic
haw
of the
tonic spasm
eye
in the
set
the
of the muscles
his mouth
one
called
or
lower
reach
animals
or
one
nictatans,while
prevents the animal
swallowing any
of muscles,
and
gradually,
membrana
are
kind
not
of food.
from
ing
open-
The
toms
symp-
confined, as in
part of the body.
They
in
intensity
or
their full
three
the
man,
come
four
to
on
days.
I09
while
is
the
the
rapidly
more
they
this
In
instances
more
good
whatever,
but
simply
many
darkeneti
has
medicine
than
;
to
done
been
the
in
noise.
no
one's
has
repose
the
restore
in
for
a
two
good
more
to
system
nervous
cool,
a
ing
Lock-
pocket
done
very
cine
medi-
no
creature
allowing
key
In
giving
by
the
and
perfect
the
unsatisfactory.
very
keeping
putting
and
tried
been
has
box-stall,
loose
stable
the
is
case
"
days
serious
more
case.
Treatment
airy,
the
developed
are
healthy
state.
Besides
after
this
and
clothmg
of
Extract
remedies
following
the
plan
bandaging
the
legs
Four
belladonna
One
may
be
given
-
in
e
to
-
-
water
every
open
applied
drachms.
-
Chloroform
-
been
:
-
This
have
the
three
jaws).
ounce.
hours
(if
it
is
DISEA.SES
I
Organs.
Locomotive
Lamenesses
Navicular
Disease,
Exostosis
Injuries"
Synovial
Wounds"
Punctured,
Ringbones.
Hocks
Sprains, Capped
Open
and
Contused,
constitute
of the
Lame?iesses, in contradistinction
Horse,
or
one
senses
of
diseased
have
lameness.
require
in
work
be
in the
to
lucid
and
formation
volume
is far
digress
enter
of
the
of
the
horse's
limits
little from
foot.
of
the
a
popular
their
plan
description
a
different
of
dation,
eluci-
nosis
diag-
performance.
easy
briefly into
very
function
a
an
injuries
for their
understanding
from
disease,
perceptible
kindred
pages
the
stand
under-
any
any
and
the
to
cannot
having
of 800
an
Lameness
apparent
they
these
Sicknesses
to the
without
within
manner
to
on
injuries,commonly
of
most
without
limbs
work
Incised.
limbs.
and
hence
lame
compress
treatment
to
and
and
octavo
necessary
little work
structure
feet
an
how
any
and
be
may
exhaustive
An
and
will
animal
feet
diseases
these
ordinary people,
an
the
of
of
symptom
how
would
class
named
is the
or
important
diseases
"c.
GENERAL.
IN
most
a
Knees,
Lacerated,
Abraded,
cations,
Dislo-
and
Fractures
Elbows,
Cavities, Broken
and
Joints
LAMENESS
These
Quitters,
"c.
Spavins. Splints and
"
(or Laminitis), Corns,
Founder
Including
"
tissues
When
we
this
of
of
which
consider
It
the
enter
the
112
in the United
important
have
it is for
the
various
are
subject.
all
disorders
It is the
be
to
injuries
aim
of any
hundred
lame
diseases
and
such
absurd
treatment.
may
injuries.
numerous
more
the
In
ones.
as
I have
seen
Perhaps we
medical
are
of their
one
witM
nature
or
and
highly amused
men
may
different
encumbered
are
idea
no
convey
there
instance,the
second
of these animals
injuries
names
of lameness
cases
of sick horses
score
every
animals
to
lesion of the horse.
other
of
treatment
these
to
nence
why particularpromi-
reasons
are
gentlemen
and
which
how
supply such a
be safelyreferred to ij|
of qualified
Surgeons. "
this class of
given to
safelyaffirm that,for
and
writer
of the
cogent
the first place,there
than
understood
readily
be
in the absence
several
are
should
In
few
publicas
emergencies,and
There
equine property
VeterinarySurgeons are
of the symptoms
and
the American
to
in
farmers
stock-raisers,
idea
correct
some
work
how
States,and
in the country, it can
be found
to
invested
($500,000,000)
of money
amount
of thiese lesions,and
perplexed when asking the names
they meant, although familiar with most of them under
what
their
names.
proper
The
late
Mr.
Percival, V.
S., in his works
on
Hippo-
pathology,has explored those high latitudes of Etymology,
and traced for us the originand meaning of such outlandish
it appears
that John Bull, in
his researches
From
names.
the days of his childhood
or
stupidity,
forged the names, and
hold him responsible
for this beside other graver offences.
we
which
In the last place,these injuries
try the skill of the
most
experienced surgeons are confidentlyleft in the hands
of stablemen
more
a
employ
When
such
over
stablemen
they
suppose
horseshoers, and
is inflicted in
harm
month.
hand
or
or
American
persons
noble
to
animals
horseshoers
to
one
be
hour
the
than
gentlemen
tinker with
consequence
can
are
valuable
is that
repairedin
asked
why they
be
property, (and
during their sickness to ignorant
to
give whar destructive agents
?
right)
Should
we
repeat the
same
114
mismanagement.
or
these
beyond
practice,that
"
For
"
L'occasion
of
want
annually lost
not
proverb is not
the shoulder
in the
when
timelycare
millions have
the
subject.
in horse
than
true
more
in
General.
Lameness,
"
wovmds."
of medicable
died
urgente, le jugement difficile."
ease,
of dis-
symptom
a
as
hind
legs,anywhere from
or
hip to the foot,although it is more
frecpiently
fore than in the hind legs. This is true, especially
the lameness
is a mere
and not the
local injury,
or
diseases
in such
derangement
spinalmeningitis. The
received,in horsemen's
have
with
est
result of constitutional
or
the country is
to
conversant
exist either in the fore
may
names
is
property from
horse
"
Lameness
seen
which
the
surgery
of
amount
the belief of persons
human
In
alone
causes
The
various
as
fluenza
in-
of lameness
degrees
following
language, the
:
Tenderness,
Stiffness,
Local
defects
or
injuries, Lameness,
Dead
lame,
Broken
When
the lameness
it weakness
they call
intense kind.
constitutional
; it is caused
a
horse
by pain
walks
often of the
he
lame
derangement
must
most
suffer the
intense agony.
most
It is
which limb the
sometimes
to find out
easy matter
is in,especially
This
wherf it is a slightlameness.
no
lameness
is best
and
so
When
arises from
down.
discovered
from
by puttingthe
injurymay
be
discovered
is in either
one
while
both
or
nodding or dippingof
in the back
sitting
person
horse
top
to
a
sharp trot
the person examining the animal.
When
is found by the action of the horse, the
lamed
the
animal
or
ears
is lame.
of
When
the
he is
the limb
of the fore feet there is
the head
of
a
animal's
the lameness
at
head,
can
ness
lamea
liar
pecu-
step, so that
every
car, where
of the
seat
When
rest.
at
he
say
is in either
to
a
only see
directlythat
can
or
both
hind
115
is
legs there
that
legs.
easilydiscern
can
we
dropping
curious
a
The
which
leg on
determined,
but
examination
diseases
the
In
are
lead
to
on
pass
is
into
us
the
be
to
next
subject of
Lameness,
we
ferent
of the dif-
organs.
of these diseases
important facts
several
lame
the
not
consideration
our
of the locomotive
treatment
there
is
Soundness, in oppositionto
for
obliged to
shall be
"
of the lameness
nature
this would
as
drops
so
is in the hind
lameness
"
animal
an
hut its fellow. The
one
the
that
the croup,
jerkingof
or
sons
perby unprofessional
not
much
so
dreamt
as
namely, that
ignorant and presumptuous
men,
of these diseases, in
symptomatic fever accompanies most
hage,
excessive
some
suppuration,in others secondary haemorr-
of
by
these
of which
some
of the
in gangrene
end
may
parts,
or
Tetanus.
STRUCTURE
FOOT.
HORSE'S
THE
OF
cpiadrupeds(comi)aredwith man)
of the fore leg (or fore arm)
extends from the knee (orwrist)
from the hock (or heel)to the
to the toe (or fingerend),and
of the hind
toe
leg,the three pastern jointscorresponding
to the three jointsof the middle
finger. However, in point
The
of
anatomical
foot of
adaptation and
only those parts
hoof
of the horse.
extremities
while
five
(thesame
has
as
the rhinoceros
that
Should
our
animals
finger (ortoe)the elephant has
the hippopotamus four,
species),
received
the
of
name
animal's
foot, I shall
internal,or
that
the
cannot.
enter
very
parts that
can
into
seen
Solipede.
In order
may
function
and
composition
the
brieflyname
be
finger(or
one
horseflesh
of
generalpublic and owners
understanding of the structure
different tissues which
the
shall find that
wc
three,the ox-tribe two, the horse
he has
bracing
em-
of the
the anatomy
the
better
those
own
other
as
immediately above
and
compare
we
only one
considered
be
may
within
of the horse with
the horse
toe),hence
foot
the
use,
the
without
have
a
of the
of
this
external
and
dissection
and
ii6
External
parts.
The
The
wall
crust
The
The
horny sole.
frog,
lateral cartilages.
wall
is divided
The
toe.
The
quarters.
The
heels and
The
superioror
The
The
Inferior
The
The
or
or
horny
of the
The
border.
coronary
border.
laminae.
(besidesitself which
the
ground
of the
wall
turned
"
The
frog and
The
commissures
The
frog stay.
only parts
are
downwards,
and
cleft of the
internal parts
of the
the arch
and
made
are
frog,
of
up
(or os-pedis).
coffin bone
The
navicular
The
The
fattyfrog or plantarcushion,
sensitive laminae,
The
insertion of
and
coronary
of which
bone,
tendons.
blood-vessels.
band, and
I shall
and
the top of the hoof
around
underneath
it
the hoof
be
separated either by maceration
wall,the sole and the frog.
the hair when
is
or
is all that part of the hoof
the foot is
placed on
is the
highlyvascular tissue,
a
speak hereafter,called
three parts of which
wall
commissures.
"
The
Immediatelyabove
The
forms
hoof)
bars, which
Nerves
The
"
bars,
solar
backwards
The
;
of hoof,
into
sole includes
surface
consists of these parts, namely
hoof
the
the coronary
tance.
subs-
easily
composed can
boiling,namely, the
that is visible below
ground;
it is thicker
117
deeper at the toe, graduallydecreasingat the quarters,
until it is quite thin as it approaches the heels.
The wall of the hoof occupies nearly two-thirds of the
and
of
degrees, any
45
either weakness
The
wall
The
heel, and
by
bars, we
have
bars
but
the bars
The
heels
is turned
of the
towards
edge
convex
wall,while
The
the bars.
circumference
its
on
ground
:
at
foot,the
of
to
of the
surface.
concave
is
firmly
straightedges
of the arch.
arch, which
step of the horse, as
are
the
The
and
outer
is
invariablythe
againstthe sides of
arrangement
the
descends
horny sole,causing
the
bars.
of the sole is its thinnest
this admirable
coffin bone
the
the inner surface of the
everywhere abuts
objectof
every
the
and
plate,the
ground. It
its inner
centre
of the
strongest,
The
the wall.
arch
behind.
only reflections
irregulararched
an
its outer
by
thickest and
the
inside and
protuberantportions
the wall
between
space
of
which
to
the
the
as
two
are
of the foot
centre
part, and constitutes the summit
upon
causes
tion,
easilyseparated from the sole by macerathey are inseparablefrom the wall. In unshod feet
have a direct bearing on
the ground.
solar border
apparent
this
be
can
portionof
lower
known
alreadysaid,are
the
It is in the form
attached
are
it is terminated
which
sole fills the
attached
The
quarters.
in towards
inclination
tween
side,midway be-
each
portions on
the
are
of the wall
The
than
less
or
an
malformation.
and
toe
outside
degree greater
or
quarters
the
the
feet has
hoof, and in good shaped
of the
front
is very
weight is thrown
and
presses
arch
to
upon
yield and
againstthe wall it presses the
heels outwards, which considerablyincreases the surface on
which
No
the pressure
is the weight taken
is laid.
sooner
off the limb than the wall springsback, and the sole regains
descend, but
its arched
as
the sole abuts
form.
The
arrangement
the step is
dered
ren-
injuryto the sensitive sole or plantain
is prevented.
the angular space
filling
frog is a wedge-like mass
and
elastic,
cushion
By this wise
all
ii8
not of solid horn,but of
bars, and consists,
the
between
series of elastic arches ; the base
and
limits
to
harmonious
most
their action.
extent
some
frog lies between
portionsof the hoof, and
of the
posteriorcurved
of
elasticity
The
the
the
connects
a
step of the horse is the result of
the
and
a
complicated arrangement, namely,
of
elasticity
"
The
sensitive
laminae,
The
sensitive
sole,
The
horny w^all.
The
arch of the
sole,and
triplespring,
by the foldingsof
The
formed
union
the
frog and
the
of its
manner
with the bars.
internal
The
coffin
(or horny box) are the
bone, the fattyfrog (or plantain
parts of the hoof
bone, the navicular
beside
cushion),
other tissues yet
to
be mentioned.
Immediately joiningand below the short or lower pastern
(os coronae, which is nearly square in form) is the coffin
has a body and wings,and to
bone (ospedes). This bone
of the hoof
the lateral cartilages
these wings are attached
which
are
seen
the
on
outside
and
form
part of the heels.
lightand spongy in texture, perforatedwith numerous
and nerves
blood-vessels
canals,through which numerous
are
abundantly distributed to the highly vascular tissues
It is
it
that surround
lyingin
on
all sides.
Behind
its concavity,
is a small bone
the navicular
the coffin
of
bone, and
peculiarshape called
bone.
of
and glanced at the anatomy
merely named
this subject
the horse's foot; a complete scientific work
on
itself. Our object in this little
would requirea largevolume
We
have
work
is not
so
much
the
structure
as
the functions
of those
constantlythe seat of disease,and come
observation
under
our
day in diseases of the feet.
every
The parts we
have alreadydescribed are only horny or bony
the
seldom
of fracture,are
tissues,
which, except in cases
parts which
seat
are
of disease.
119
We
hoof, which
the
Molded
subjectto
are
entire
the
upon
distinct
local
tissue
(or true
dermis
skin),or
it may
is
tissue,which
is
be
in its
also
said
to
be
structure
a
process
adapt it
to
analogous in many respects
that part of the skin which
produces the nails in the human
: when
species. This tissue has the followinglocal names
the secretion
to
the
surrounds
; it is
of horn
top of the hoof
covering the
coffin
a
having several
the particularpart it
than an expansion of
foot,"but
altered
skin, somewhat
the
of the coffin bone
sensitive
and
sensitive
diseases.
many
according to
is nothing more
names,
This
covers.
from
"
called the
commonly
so
tissues within
sensitive
or
surface
villous,highly vascular
thick
the
the vascular
to
come
now
it is called the
"
coronary
bone, the "sensitive
to
it
stance;"
sub-
laminoe;"
tive
covering the sole,the "sensitive sole;" the frog,the "sensifrog." This vascular tissue has for its function the
with
secretion of horn ; for this purpose
it is thicklystudded
forms
well as repairsthe horny
and
as
secretingpapillae,
wall
sole of the roof.
each
and
According to Virchow
The
sitive
senpapillae
corresponds to one of the horny laminae.
laminae,as it covers
or
folds side
600
by side,for
which
form
so
This
sole,averaging
frogand
than
where
with
the
thicker
it covers
fibrous
tissue,when
eighth of
one
over
an
the heels, and
the coffin bone.
tissue of the
it is called
laminae.
fit into the
springs giving and
many
of the foot.
the
bone, is arranged in 500
reason
sensitive folds of the laminae
These
and
the coffin
horny laminae,
ticity
reinforcingthe elassitive
constitutingthe seninch,is thinner over
is even
vascular
more
It is closely
connected
sensitive laminae
in front
and
the
covering of the heels and frog behind, and from it the
The
in which the
manner
horny sole and frog are secreted.
wall of the foot is formed
is the following: the outer
layer
of
and
horn, which
grows
thinner
is
downward
and
the laminae.
firm,hard, and
from
tougher than
The
inside
dark
the coronary
what
of
substance
is secreted
layer of horn
color,is
secreted
; it is also
of
by the papillae
grows
outwards
from
I20
is secreted
and
tissue
the
by
covering the
soft,thick,and lightof color.
in
healthy foot,interlace
a
unite
form
to
secretions
forms
iron shoe
an
a
be
can
of the horse's
bulk
of the
distributed
with each
other
substance.
The
that
union
the
takes
heels
and
wings
the
lateral
This
fills up
strong attachments
inwards, passingover
which
to
enormous
to
upwards.
downwards
These
of the coffin bone.
the
these
these give form,
cartilages;
lateral
tissue passes
and
of
strong body,
is attached
there
to the
elasticity
and
sinuosities,
they grow,
as
safelynailed,and whereon
with safetyrest.
frame may
coffin bone
substance, and
different kinds of horn,
These
thick,elastic and
already said
have
We
solid
one
; it is
coffin bone
the
to
widely
all
the
processes
then
cartilages
zontally
hori-
pass
horny sole and bars, and
intimatelyunites with the sensitive frog or plantarcushion.
This sensitive frog fits admirably into the horny frog, and
forms
pad
a
cushion.
or
immediate
The
the
this elastic tissue
bone, and
hard
the foot strikes the
bones
3d,
It allows
more
prevent
the
on
play
:
between
hard
shock
broader
motion
and
ist. The
are
cartileges
and
the
surface
to
the
hoof
concussion
ground; 2d, It equalizesthe
of the foot
the
of these
purpose
of
interposition
and
the
pressure
of the
heels
at
as
of
hoof;
every
step.
We
are
perceivethat
thus
different kinds
very
cellular,and
of the
treatment.
are
substance
we
have
when
navicular
structure
impossible to
the diseases
of
fibro-cellular
the coffin and
it is
within
to
which
and
horny box or hoof there
tissue,namely, fascia,cartilage,
sides
tissue,vessels and nerves, bethe
bones.
function
understand
the foot is
Without
of
the
some
standing
under-
sues
these sensitive tisseat
subject,nor
and
nature
of
their successful
sues
examples of the diseases to which these tissubjectwe may state here that when the coronary
is divided by a sharp instrument
or
any accident,
to a certain depth ;
a division in the wall of the hoof
As
it is lacerated
or
part of it torn
away,
false quarter is
horse, which
trotting
the
at
is,in addition
leather
is that
As
so
sprainof
that
part is
hack
the animal
racer,
a
without
beaten
has
the tendons
The
speed, it
action, labor, and
is
ACUTE
IN
FEVER
disease
This
every
these
as
has
hoped
to
the
a
THE
around
which
the
structure
and
his
by
Laminitis
is
inflammation
the whole
the
itself
of
bone
of
are
so
FOUNDER.
supposed
be
to
in
of these
confined
and
to
foot.
former
the
inflammation.
each
the
chapter
of
the inflammation
not
treatment
stand
under-
which
this kind
extends
is confined
horny hoof, and
the
are
We
laminae
tissue
of
It
it is
that
this alone, but
This
or
efficacious.
foot.
cases
by
coachman
parts which
of the
nearly all
known
nature, and
of the horse's
considerably aggravates
of that
often
there
stables, every
function
the sensitive
coffin
the
as
animal
an
that
powerful if not
explanation given in a
; but
not
well
limbs.
inflammation
the coffin bone
sinewj
important
as
is
diseases
kindred
out
wear
mettle, and
be easilyunderstood
subject of injury,it can
inexperienced person who understands
every
of this and
owner
and
some
Thus,
its seat, and
all about
that from
will
horse, as
wonder
no
is
works
remedy
on
FEET,
horse
knows
the
LAMINITIS.
of the
that
man
horseshoer
is
truck
diseases of the feet and
many
a
time, but
nerve
rupture of
or
humanity.
or
mercy
of
some
horses
strain every
to
carriages,is constantly
for
piece
containing so
and
for
pounds
four years.
or
unfrequent.
not
these
stones
many
caprice of
the
as
of
one
feet in three
pairsof
lead
so
consists
doubt, there is high action
No
the consequence
two
is
the pasterns
of
hard
high action,there
(which
shoe
around
pounds
or
requires.
give him
to
the
on
lovelyinvention,v/hich
strapped
ounces
many
iron
the
to
weight),another
of
in order
terrible rate, and
a
his feet
batters
ers
cov-
the
to
tween
be-
this fact of
and
the products
123
Fever
Feet.
the
in
we
the symptomatic
express
always accompanies this disease, of which
that
fever
By this
"
ignorant persons imagine that it is purely local,and
is conthat the system in generalis unaffected, which error
tradicted
by the indications of the pulse, respirationand
temperature, all of which are considerablyincreased.
these
Founder.
condition
expressiondenotes
This
"
by which he
(fundus,)
grounded,totallydisabled
is
of the horse
Percival
meaning
the
ground,
the
brought to
for the time.
in confirmation
quotes Chaucer
utterlyhelpless
of the
originand
of the word,
His
"
hors
lepteaside
and
foundered
he
as
lepte,"
ship is said to founder.
Horses
the only animals subject to this
are
by no means
disease.
driven long journeys,in hot
Steers and milk cows,
weather, are often attacked the next
day with fever in the
feet,and requireto be treated accordingly.
that
is,fell to the ground, as
There
and
three
are
Chronic
articles
forms of this disease,Acute,
We
Laminitis.
tiresome
are
a
brieflystate
may
that by
hateful),
and
Sub-Acute,
(forlong
these several
pressions
ex-
degrees of inflammation to
which these parts are subject. These
vary in their intensity
from
and
simple congestion of the parts to the most severe
is
In the 'chronic form, there
disorganizinginflammation.
of the
enlargement of the blood vessels. The sensibility
parts
increased.
are
which
render
which
hardly say
is the
that
his owner,
to
not
work
to
It is
an
and
or
only in
different
the
meant
are
is heat, redness, pain,and
There
animals
product of ordinary inflammation.
animal
the
affected in this way
rare
cases
that
of
inflammation, and
a
we
case
may
thing
I need
is of littleuse
to
do
is either
destroy him.
both
meet
merciful
most
in which
acute
tion,
exuda-
but without
irritable,
very
ing,
swell-
the hind
where
and
the hind
suppose
there is
fore feet
only
once
feet alone
that when
an
attack
an
of laminitis
togetherthe subject
are
in
are
a
lifetime
affected.
animal
is said
do
we
fore
Thereto
be
124
foundered
in
although
cast
Causes
the
In
newly brought
put
to
first
may
work
severe
place we
if
especially
the
hard
roads
without
cities
are
tion,
prepara-
any
(Animals treated in
ples
Examacute
laminitis).
attack of
an
mostly
are
into
taken
horses
young
is hot.
the weather
generallyhave
this way
the additional
stood.
easilyunder-
their feet
when
clay,these
on
and
that
state
the country, where
cool
involved,
feet
feet suffer from
various
are
from
fore
them.
upon
of Laminitis
with
in contact
the
find
to
the hind
instance
some
burden
The
only
expect
we
In the second
everday occurrence.
place,animals with high stamping action,such as trotting
horses, after battering their feet for several hours on such
of this sort
material
paved,
have
unlikely to
not
are
which
with
Belgian blocks
the
as
of
are
attack
an
streets
our
of
this
are
kind.
are
by whatever method
mals.
usuallyaccompanied by overheatingand exhaustingof aniallowed
stand
to
in this condition they are
When
still,
givenlong drinks of
exposed to cold or damp, or worse
these things are permitted it is no wonWhen
der
cold water.
violence
Stress and
done
tissues within
delicate
that the
inflammation.
acute
the feet
to
the
are
place,excessive
third
the
In
the hoof
seat
of
feeding
in
gorging on nutritious food, such as oats, especially
and plethoric
animals, has often caused this disease.
young
or
The
loose
historyof many
eat
at night,and
of these
the
morning
wheat, and
feet.
bowels
In
the
may
from
disease.
as
In
standing
well
the
steamboats, without
as
a
local
fifth and
cause
last
a
chance
of influenza.
of
breaks
fever
of the
or
in the
lungs or
feet; this is called
laminitis may
have
a
operatingto produce
instance, it
great length of time
a
system is exhausted, and
and
attack the
perceivethat
we
for
and
its seat
Hence
constitutional
with
found
are
animals
grain as barley,rye,
such
excess
instance,inflammation
fourth
change
Metastasis.
the
next
to
is that
cases
lying down
it also follows
on
follow
may
railroads
when
attacks
the
or
ous
nerv-
matism
of rheu-
125
of
Symptoms
confined
the
to
ease,
of this dis-
form
acute
slowly and is chiefly
rather
on
Horses, after
feet.
fore
The
"
generalrule, comes
a
as
Laminilis.
ting,
day's trot-
hard
a
or
hunting,or working,during which the feet are more
the next
morning
less violently
exercised,are usuallyseen
has
before the animal
sufferingfrom this disease. Hours
his gaitis changed,
of founder
shown
the peculiarsymptoms
his heels
on
he is said to fumble, by trying to tread more
than
his
on
and
toes
symptoms
this is
; but
called
When
instances.
in many
vary
time
The
always manifest.
not
to
see
patient is often
enough to diagnose the disease,without putting a hand on
if he is in a standingposition. The
the patient,
especially
the extreme
animal
is tremblingor quiveringall over, from
tended,
the nostrils disviolence of the pain ; the eyes are glaring,
unusual
and the flanks agitatedto an
degree. In
he brings the hind feet as far
order to relieve the agony
off the fore
under
the trunk as possible,
to take the pressure
feet,which are thrust forward to an unusual degree. Should
a
we
this
of
case
force the
or
urge
creature
and
the effort
he makes
as
a
extends
sort
the greatest
shows
he
move,
he does
of timid
the
feet, the
four
is
creature
mation
the inflam-
When
leap forward.
whole
the
to
aggravated,and
more
to
of the
the hind feet under
by shuffling
is accompanied by blowing and panting?
unwillingness. This
him,
first view
kind, the
symptoms
at
more
are
lying
ease
down.
As
we
proceed to
we
shall find there
the
around
touch,
though
even
on
pastern
wall
of
arteries is another
by
the
are
the
the constitutional
sole
well
symptomatic fever, which
symptom,
Besides
These
or
of
for
these local
are
temperature, and
in greater
the
Throbbing
marked
symptoms.
to
thick, which
so
are
pressure.
pulse,respirationand
hot
frog,they are
inflammation.
the
they pulsate violentlyunder
there
and
hand
Placing the
inflammation.
the sole and
the
the violence
facts show
the
intense
hoof, or
of the parts affected,
local examination
a
less
indicated
give
rise
to
degrees al-
126
accompanies
ways
to
70
80
beats
Laminitis.
miuute.
per
hurried,is easilyseen
the
heavingof
whQve
from
the
flanks.
Symptoms
of
The
excited
The
hot
and
breath
of the
indications
condition
any-
fever
siderably
con-
of the creature.
known
are
anxious
nostrils and
high
of
and
increases
temperature
Fever
rises from
often
increased
respiration,
The
These
complicate the
The
The
pulse
the dilatation
by
1-5.
10
The
look
by
;
;
The
parched mouth ;
Hurried
respiration
;
Muscular
debility;
Diminution
The
These
whole
in the bulk
of the excretions
high pulse.
togetherwith
symptoms,
body, and
manifest
the
combated
in
of the
the continual
constitutional
our
feet,which
is the
of
of
the
parts aff'ected.
place
is the
to
well
seat
subjectof
acute
As
"
of this
have
we
tion
local inflamma-
proceed
we
disease,it
the
remembrance
our
Here
the
as
of the disease.
Laminitis.
bring to
heat of the
change of posture,
disturbance,(which has to be
of the different terminations
out
the increased
desire for
as
treatment,)
Terminations
which
;
a
may
be
not
of
structure
highly vascular
This
inflammation.
treat
to
is
tissue
tightly
horny hoof and the coffin bone ;
beside that part which
is pressed againstthe sole while the
is in a standingposition. In this case, where
creature
the
laminae is firmlybound
down
by the unyieldinghoof, there
is no room
for exudation
and consequentlythe
and swelling,
pain and fever are considerablyaggravated.
compressed
The
form
acute
terminations
First.
"
the
between
the
of this disease
may
have
at
least
five
:
It may
symptoms,
terminate
and
fortunately
happens
in
an
complete
if the
case
entire
disappearanceof
This
recovery.
is taken
in
all
sometimes
time, when
rest
127
and
measures
proper
This
used.
are
desirable
most
result
is called Resolution.
Second.
all the
It may
"
symptoms
the
is
heat
the animal
if
little,
hard
is allowed
road
Third.
at
rest
be confined
and
eventuate
as
laminse.
; or,
pumiced
The
apparent
very
is
the lameness
if driven
; but
on
discovered.
soon
which
suppuration,
in
end
may
out
a
Under
coffin bone
fall
and
the hoof
circumstances
those
if not, the
attachments
is turned
soft floor,or
a
If
state.
portionof the soft tissues of the foot,
a
partialrecovery ; or it may be so severe
tive
the horny and the sensito force asunder
to
in
extensive
lost
not
inflammation
may
and
is
of the natural
excess
upon
speed
any
The
"
in
any,
condition, in which
chronic
a
In such
mitigated character.
is quiet,the pain is slightand
a
animal
the
grass, the lameness
to
a
of
are
when
instances,
into
pass
may
its
displacedfrom
be
what
producing
down,
be
may
is known
as
is known
as
foot.
metastasis.
This
sometimes
seen
cases
leave
may
of laminitis
termination
fourth
occasional
in
change
practice. The
our
the
feet and
last
issue of
is what
of
of
seat
in these
inflammation
attack
is
disease
a
pleura, lungs, or
the
brain.
The
fifth and
is very
instances death
of
considered
we
consider
States
alone
the
the
that
Laminitis
tens
are
In
"
What
of
"
the
this disease
worth
sufferings
This
may
If
subject.
in the United
afiflictedwith
that
such
In
every
season,
hopelesslyruined
for it
investigating,
are
by
is
a
loss.
recommending
namely,
proper
Founder.
or
of animals
contemplate the number
quackery, it is something
its
from
of thousands
and
national
creature
important part
most
mation
the inflam-
disease,when
intense,is mortification.
relieves the
soon
Treatment
be
and
acute
this
here
not
"
to
to
do
What
state
the
to
our
latest
do
and
in such
most
cases," it
disapproval,or,
in laminitis."
For
improved
may
in other
this purpose
our
ment,
treat-
be very
words,
know-
128
ledge of anatomy, physiology,pathology,and therapeutics
are
required in this as well as every other malady of the
in this instance
Therefore
horse.
bleed
in every
seton
the
rasp
Don't"
six cautions
the
away
the
crust
to
lower
the
coronet,
toe
plantarvein,
or
be
pulse and
done
with
it can't
and
"
how
"
treatment
I may
blood
say
be taken
may
high condition,and
amount
be
must
all other
from
well
as
the
must
we
relieve
then
object,bleeding,where
tunately
quickestway, but unfor-
the
animal
an
reader
to
other
of in my
is treated
lungs, so
as
When
cases.
of the
I need
article.
that
diseases
of the
not
The
horse.
of
in
that two
four quarts
to
passing,
from a patient,
providedhe is young,
in the very
regulatedby
instances
fever,and
except in very few
refer the
this
both
In the former
the
men.
effect this
of inflammation
appliesto
However,
abate
is
safety,
blood
repeat it here, but
same
To
be done
take
to
of aloes.
local symptoms.
the fever of the feet.
it may
sole,
to remedy
have, if possible,
we
constitutional and
try
or
will be sufficient for all sensible
this disease
In
"
case.
^givelargedoses
The
say
frog,
blister the
open
we
it is
the
of
falling
advisable
not
attack.
of the
outset
to
the
in
The
pulse.
bleed, for then
In
we
good. This stage of founder may
has not
be called the congestive stage, for exudation
yet
taken place,and our
objectis to prevent it by this remedy
if possible.
remedies
at
The
used
by the best veterinarysurgeons
in Europe, are
here
and
simple and
present, both
very
shall do
harm
more
than
efficacious.
In all
are
of
the
bleeding is contra-indicated
numerous) they give from four to
more
in
aloes,not
operate, but
rubbed
down
(and they
where
cases
a
a
solid
solution
form, because
of aloes.
in hot water,
so
as
This
to
make
six drachms
it takes
too
laxative
medicine
a
watery
long
to
is
solution ;
I30
SUB-ACUTE
This
that have
is
of the disease
form
gradual,and
there is
intervals.
for
few
a
work
much
not
I
saw
in old horses
in cities. Its
a
approach
pain,heat,or tenderness,
mistaken
be
these facts
From
for rheumatism.
the Erie
hard
may
FOUNDER.
usuallyobserved
pain is not constant,
the
As
at
as
of laminitis
this form
is
subjectedto
been
OR
LAMINITIS,
disappears
people mistake
some
of this kind
Railway stables. The old stager would
days, and then get lame with a sort of
ease.
dis-
other
some
the lameness
so
case
for
this disease
last week
at
go very well
intermittent
lameness.
The
A
best
of food
change
bowels
remedy
and
open,
he may
for
from
oats
a
to
the animal
lightw^ork on
cityare ended.
do
in
this purpose
soft
PUMICED
Cause.
This
"
carrots
is
the
the country, where
to
ground, for
his
days
ness
of useful-
FOOT.
structural
disease is
in such
founder, especially
of acute
apples,to keep
or
removed
foot-baths.
warm
tions
of the termina-
one
cases
as
have
been
neglectedor mismanaged in the first stage of the attack. It
to work
is also brought about by puttinga creature
too
soon
in
established.
be borne
It must
before recovery is fairly
tion,
mind
there is pervertednutrithat during the inflammation
and
as
a
consequence
the horn
secreted
is of
an
inferior
familiar with horseflesh,and having a
quality. Every man
or
ridgesalong
sharp eye, may see furrowed, uneven,
wavy
This shows
in many
horses.
the hoof parallel
to the coronet
laminitis ;
the effects of acute
by its irregularappearance
it happens to be
stillare those seen
when
and more
marked
the horn is light,
In these cases
chronic laminitis.
spongy,
animal
of
an
porous, and quiteinsufficient to bear the weight
only the wall,but the sole of the
foot,is injuredpermanently by the inflammation
; instead of
arched or concave
the sole holding its own
form, it becomes
while
convex.
at
work.
Besides
But
not
these, the coffln bone
may
be
detached
131
in
its place,descending againstthe sole,and
from
bad
some
This protrusionor
producing hernia of that bone.
bulging of the sole is called pumiced foot.
No
Treatment.
In this instance is purelymechanical.
cases
"
of
art
the creature
but
about
this purpose
For
be relieved
may
lightwork
do
to
the anatomical
restore
can
man
a
bar
a
by
of the parts,
structure
a
proper
shoe, and made
broad
thick
circle,
farm.
shoe, with
a
at
its outer
circumference,and generallybeveled away towards
its inner edge ; leather soles may
be placed inside, and a
if possible,
mild blister appliedto the coronet, to stimulate,
a
healthier
growth of horn.
SEEDY
is also another
This
the
or
either
is
effect of
suppurationis confined
blood
is effused
perverted. This
horn, which
In
which
cases
lesion
the
toe,
; in
qualityof
seedy toe."
the evil.
dirt and
This
gravel,
altered
ture
tex-
be remedied.
cannot
PRICKED
This
"
and
practice,
subject this
punctured
absorbed
inferior
admits
horn
porous
"
of
name
the
the sensitive laminae
of
papillae
produces an
the
about
space
becomes
serum
considerably
aggravates
Cause.
small
a
Sometimes
founder.
acute
of the
has received
many
to
the
and
the function
case
TOE.
of
is
wound
dangerous.
All
injuryis
all the
by
FOOT.
of
day
every
lamenesses
far the
most
of the sensitive
parts of the
to
in
occurrence
which
the
frequent. It
sole
always
"
sensitive
*'
foot
are
is
more
city
is
horse
simply
or
called
a
less
by
quick,"and it is more
less serious according to both the particular
or
spot where it
enters, as well as the depth it piercesinto the tissues. An
animal
pricked at the toe, as a general rule,will not be as
much
that has received a punctured wound
injured as one
of) the frog. A prick of the toe
through (orin the locality
horsemen, in vulgar language,the
132
piercethe periosteum of the coffin bone, or in the heel
it ma}^ piercethe jointor fattyfrog; these latter are always
may
of
a
very
instances
many
the
enters
foot,the
is much
one
less
the
a
smaller
strange fact that in
very
nail,for example, that
; while a very large
the
damage ensues
and often leads
injurious,
more
constitutional
and
It is
character.
grave
very
tion
less inflamma-
to
disturbance.
lessness
injuriesare very often caused by either the careor
ignorance of horse-shoers,w^ho know nothing of
of the foot ; or an animal while at work pricks
structure
These
the
his foot
a
with
piece
nail in the
a
of thick
(veryoften
street
glass,sharp flints,
or,
in
nails),
lath
sharp
fact, any
instrument.
Symptoms.
sudden
These
"
in
apparent,
most
cases
shown
as
in
the
not
can-
is removed.
in other
injuriesof the foot,
The evils to apprehend in this case
produces the lameness.
inflammation
are
:
ending in suppuration,which may lead
The
of sinuses ; necrosis
the formation
to
bone
to
pain
; or,
end
in
fever in
greater
be
affair
less
or
injury,or
degree ;
soon
this
so
severe
as
prick in
by
traumatic
in
usuallysets
after reaction
coffin
a
as
be, it is always attended
to
seems
after the
hours
(lock-jaw).Simple an
tetanus
a
of part of the
yet, the irritation may
fatal
more
horse's foot
this,as
by
the animal
step until the foreignsubstance
one
intense
very
indeed
lameness, and
proceed
are
a
a
few
fairly
has been
established.
Treatment.
and
the
remove
glass,or
any
sharp
examined
;
in the
againstthe sole
particular spot
determine
When
as
the
the
instrument.
is
find
to
it be
this purpose
For
a
the
out
nail,
part
tepid water, and the foot thoroughly
be pressed
next
place, a pincers must
and
wall of the hoof
shows
seat
be
tenderness
until
all around
on
pressure
"
this
some
will
of the wound.
is
the wound
nail,must
first
with
be washed
must
thing to be done
offending substance, whether
The
"
discovered, all foreignmatter,
removed, such
as
as
well
dirt,sand, gravel,"c.,
133
which
have
may
entered
majorityof cases, to
surrounding parts of
knife.
By this
opening.
the
shoe
the wound
It is advisable,
in the
gently taken
nicelypared
discolored
the
have
may
formed
off,and
with
the
drawing
a
horn, blood,
or
pus
be removed.
must
great object here is
inflammation
the
have
means
that
(corruption)
The
the
and
to limit
by judicioustreatment
forming sinuses, or
prevent it from
extending to the horny tissues. This may be accomplished
(afterremoving the shoe)by restingthe animal, the injection
of mild
astringentand caustic lotions into the wound
with a small syringe,and enveloping the foot in poultices
of
linseed
an
meal
ounce
aid in
few
a
abating the
oil
days. In addition
dissolved in
saltpetre
of
two
or
linseed
as
for
febrile symptoms,
small
or
doses
of
or
attached
of
the wound
be
importance cannot
coolingapplicationsinto
day
with
small
a
for that purpose
Take
of carbolic
"
to
pointed syringe.
will be these
mild
a
In
water
laxative,such
bad
cases
the proper
two
The
will
injection
three
or
too
times
a
followingremedies
:
acid
water
pailof
a
aloes.
much
these measures,
to
-
_
-
_
_
One
drachm.
One
ounce.
One
drachm.
Two
drachms.
Or"
Goulard's
extract
Sulphate of
Sulphate of
Vinegar
zinc
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
"
copper
Eight ounces.
-----
Pulverize
the
sulphates, dissolve
in the
vinegar,then
the lead.
To
repeat the
Remove
Take
The
The
The
treatment
the
shoe
"
foreignmatter.
off,and
rest
surrounding parts
wound
syringed.
foot poulticed.
the
patient.
of the wound
pared.
add
134
OR
QUITTOR,
Cause.
"
old farriers
or
This
to
strange
of the disease.
seat
hair and
"
name,
quittor,"was
fistulous wound
a
band, while
coronary
FIBRO-CHONDRITLS.
about
situation
hoof, at the inside
the
the top of the hoof
entirelyignorant of
they were
Its
given by
is
the
the
generallybetween
quarter
heel
or
the horse's
of
is the
injury,in the majorityof instances,
plantar cushion or fattyfrog,which is a fibro-cartilaginous
tissue ; and hence, when
it is the subjectof inflammation,it
is more
The
properly called fibro-chondritis.
historyof
these
cases
usuallyis that an animal has received a punctured
from
wound
some
sharp substance, which has penetrated
the frog and forced its way
through the sensitive solg
into the fattyfrog. When
this is the historyof the lesion
has to force its
the product of the inflammation
formed
so
somewhere
in
upward and make an exit for its removal
way
the neighborhood of the coronet.
Before the productsof the
inflammation
have appeared at the top of the hoof there are
formed
fistulous tracks in all directions
through the soft
tissues w^ithin ; these are
vulgarly called the
pipes,"and
the euphonious name
the opening at the top has received
of" quittor."
foot.
The
of
seat
"
This
is not,
however, the historyof
result from
It may
substance
that
very
a
bad
puncturing it ; or it
injury that leads to the
any
within
neglect,accumulates
its way
pipes
or
out
This
and
hidden
not
the
in
hard
fact,be
of
and
it is well if the
also involved
in the disease.
sensitive
the
sole
result
of
which, by
matter
gradually
fistulous openings
wound
or
quittor
fl
band.
inflammation
the
sharp
some
hoof, and
These
the coronary
on
the
the ulcerated
but extensive
;
tread
formation
coronet.
with
above
may,
protracted lameness, by
tissues within
is
the
at
communicate
that is observed
a
corn,
of this kind.
cases
extensivelybruised
has
without
works
all
produces
destruction
periosteum or
of
severe
the
soft
coffin bone
135
Treatment.
Perhaps no
"
received
(exceptspavin)has
of
hands
dumb
creatures
remedy
and
torture
in
thrust
were
openings. These
employed drillingholes to
supposed
needless
iron
piecesof
blast rocks
than
most
pipes,"as
forced
were
better
been
have
would
fellows
be
poor
The
the
out
to
agony
belief.
"core
to
at the
treatment
was
exceeds
farriers called it. Red-hot
old
into these
pretending to
diseases of this kind.
treat
The
in
No
subjectedto
were
powerful caustics
the
what
enough, and
severe
barbarous
more
quittor.
than
men
of the horse's foot
disease
one
of
cure
this
injurywill
the
proportionto
extent
both
be
tedious
of the destruction
painful
and
of the
tissues,
that proceed thus far in
injuries
No
is allowed
to
on
run
a day, but
neglected for weeks.
In such
miracle
thereof.
be
can
performed in the cure
do not
involve the periosteum of the coffin bone
cases
as
it is
as
in
not
of those
one
inflammation,
destructive
the
remedies
hopefullyapplied. The great principlein the
is to remove
as soon
quittorand of similar wounds
the
internal
of
cause
the
the
spreadingof
suppuration.
inflammatory action
and
more
of
treatment
as
limit
thus
and
irritation,
be
may
or
possible
prevent
the excessive
we
begin by
particularsin the treatment
the originof
removing the shoe and findingout, if possible,
As
the mischief, if a prick or corn
has been
the cause.
within the foot,free vent
there is matter
be given to it
must
natural
and
by making a more
dependant egress for it
than the opening at the top of the hoof.
All pressure
and
To
descend
irritation
mild
addition
removed
and
dressingsand
All
treatment.
healthy parts
In
be
must
poultices;
for
to
without
the parts soothed
rest
powerful
healingthe
are
the
caustics
diseased
with
warm
only indications
only destroy the
tissues.
syringethe pipes
with proper
in dischargingthe
remedies, so as to aid nature
product of ulceration,and stimulatingthe parts to healthy
local
granulations. For this purpose
injectionsinto the
to
the
we
poultices,
must
136
with
wound
resorted
be
the best
:
syringe two
small
a
bad
For
to.
Take
of
Bi-chloride
Dissolve
the
three times
of
quittorthe
day must
followingis
a
"
of mercury,
Hydro-chloricacid
pulverized
-
wine
Spiritsof
cases
or
-
_
-
_
in the
mercury
-
drachm.
Five
drops.
One
_
acid, then
One
ounce.
the
add
spiritsof
wine.
or
quittorsthat are not very serious,
followingwill do very well : Take of
For
the
of
long standing,
"
Carbolic
Water
Either
acid
-
-
-
-
-
remedies
-
One
drachm.
One
ounce.
carefullyinjectedwith
small syringeinto the openings two or three times a day.
a
The
recommended
for pricked foot is also an
prescription
excellent mild preparationfor ordinaryquittors.
ill consequences
The
evils
of these
-
to
be
of
this disease
accompanied by
vascular
be
quittorsare many,
apprehended is the injuryof the
When
the
must
much
tissue
has
been
long
sloughing,the
underneath
is often
it
"
but
stance.
sub-
coronary
continued
and
band
and
coronary
which
from
of the
one
latter
horn
is secreted
what
lesion produces
quantity of soft,weak horn, which
is known
this state of things
false quarter." When
as
so
injured that
a
cient
defi-
"
it renders
supervenes
slow
"
it secretes
the
work, for it is
the
creature
unfit for
incurable.
almost
The
occasionallyto mildlyblister the coronet,
adapted to the injuredstate of the foot.
is
anything except
only hope
and
have
a
then
shoe
SANDCRACK.
given to a fissure or crack in the
wall of the hoof; this splitor fracture of the horny fibres of
the hoof extends
generallyfrom above downwards, and is
kind.
chieflythe result of external violence or injuryof some
Cause.
In
"
This
name
is
this respect it differs from
false quarter, for there may
be
138
after paring the parts, simply fire
practitioners,
Some
wall
by drawing
crack,
to
as
so
iron
hot
a
off the
cut
the
across
part of the
upper
the
from
above
healthy parts
the
iron should
The
unhealthy below.
go rather deeper than
for ordinary firing,
or
nearly through the insensible sole.
After this three or four yards of waxed
cord, or iron wire, is
bound
lightlyaround the hoof, so as to hold the cracked
twice a
the coronet
surfaces together,and then blistering
month.
shoe
A
the
under
crack
the
forward
modeled
so
will be
repair of
as
found
this
treated, will in time recede
not
to
crust
great benefit in helping
of
injury.
from
the
upon
press
crack, if properly
The
the coronet,
and
length
at
totallydisappear.
OVERREACH,
INTERFERING,
These
names
they
wounds
The
are
of the parts
foot'and
external
properly called
more
so
leg of
most
injuries,
wounding
wounds
contused
loss of skin in many
leg,with
the foot and
occurs
usuallyapplied to
are
"c.
CALKING,
TREAD,
cases
abraded
;
when
of
this
or
injuries,
affected.
the horse
of
which
are
are
liable
to
inflicted
these
by
various
one
limb
the other.
foot strikes and
is said to take place when
one
Interfering
in young
wounds
the opposite fetlock ; they usuallyoccur
the cause
and timid horses,with ill-formed legs. To remove
is required to be
of shoe
of this injurya particularform
knows
who
horse-shoer
made
something of the
by some
be mildly dressed,
must
science of his business.
The wound
and
a
boot
made
to
protect the part until it is healed.
Speedy cut is an interference,only higher upon the legs,
and
put
generallyhappens with fast-goinghorses when
boot
is
also a proper
beyond their speed. In this case
requiredto protect the part from further abrasion.
the heel of the
is a wound
Overreach
or bruise produced on
at a fast rate, and
while travelling
fore foot by the hind one
139
is
generally more
less
or
semi-circular
wound
which
backwards
done,
the
folds
by
not
out, in which
by the edge
toe, but
piece of
a
the
longer time
case
is
of
cases
in
up
This
downwards.
and
Sometimes
shoe.
these
In
made, the skin is raised
is
the
troublesome.
flap,
injury is
inner
the
a
a
rim
of
skin is
quite scooped
required to repair the
wound.
OR
TREAD,
This
is
usually
injuries;it may
another
of
the
be
suddenly, as
animal
an
serious
most
caused
CALKING.
either
fairs
at
by
all
or
external
these
treading on
horse
one
markets,
or
fatigued and
when
of
by
false
a
from
exhausted
step
severe
work.
These
induration
cause
are
injuries,
simple as they appear, should not be
from them
; if they are, the irritation resulting
very
of
coronary
enlargement
unsightly,if
also
cases
and
produce
calking
have
we
seen
so
follows; a mountain
of
almost
wounds, which
times
positively
injurious. They somewound
resembling quittor. In bad
becomes
the hoof which
the
may
not
a
substance
around
regarded
dis-
defies
fatal
results
bruised
that
follow;
excessive
granulationssoon
remedial
the
puration
sup-
overhangs
When
treatment.
this
on
injuryis allowed to run
neglected thus far, the animal
might as well be destroyed,for treatment
(in a monetary
point of view) is useless.
Treatment.
of
"
For
interference,and
slightand
for
required. A bandage
in the followinglotion
Goulard's
Water
speedy
must
be
wounds,
recent
cut, very
put
on
as
the result
is
simple treatment
for the night,dipped
:
extract
-
-
_
-
_
_
One
ounce.
Ten
ounces.
One
ounce.
Or,Carbolic
Water
acid
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
Eight
ounces.
140
preventive
As
and
made
treatment
put
a
properly fitted
boot
animal
is
the foot while
on
the
must
at
work
be
or
exercising.
In bad
to
pare
to
remove
as
the
away
the
around
horn
necessary
top of the hoof, in order
for in these instances
the pressure,
be
hoof
the
foreign substance, increasingthe inflammatory
a
order
In
to
around
the
applied
to
action
this purpose
Goulard's
then
must
poultice of
that in all
away
almost
(asabove) is the
extract
properlybandaged, and
linseed meal twice a day.
of the kind
the shoe
MUD
HEELS,
CRACKED
the
the
to
limit, the inflammation.
be
cases
SCRATCHES,
cut
least
at
or
(accordingto
quick
cooling applicationscontinually
be
hoof, and
stop,
horn
foot, the
the*
save
severityof injury)must
part
acts
parts affected.
of the
a
calking it may
of
neglected cases
or
must
For
The
best.
the foot put into
I need
be
FEVER,
hardly say
removed.
ERYTHEMA,
"c.
This
horse's
disease
has
foot
skin
of the
given
much
within
the last three months
called
by
fancies
of
the
and
saltingof
influences
in the
various
It
wet, and
the
interfere with
extremities,and
largecities ; it has been
here stated,according to the
to
caused
by long exposure
in
names
horsemen.
cold
extreme
by
the
surrounding tissues of the
trouble
horse proprietors
to
and
is
our
in cities it has been
streets
in
the proper
lead
to
snowy
intensified
weather.
circulation
congestionand
of
These
the blood
inflammation.
oilysecretion which in health keeps the
the heels soft and pliantis perverted or stopped.
skin about
animal is neglected in this stage of the disease it
When
an
and
in many
cases
does, end in abnormal
growths of
may,
of these growths are cartilaginous,
various kinds on the heels ; some
while in other instances
horny concretions form
of the
with the motion
about
the heels, sadly interfering
joint,and constitutinglameness.
In
this
case
the
treatment.
Preventive
in
three
least
at
them
although
ways,
much
too
This
"
some
trouble, namely, by
the
feet
with
bandage.
Washing the
feet
first with
Washing
accomplished
be
may
persons
consider
may
"
cold
putting
and
water
hot
with
then
and
on
a
cold
water.
Using
For
heels
with
heels
already cracked,
hard
a
formed, by which
they
following remedy
found
useful.
Take
Solution
has
Fever
or
the
with
found
be
not
be
attended
might
of lead
the
has
enlarged, the
will
parts
In
be
pursued
with
have
as
far,
worse
Mud
application for
with
burned
too
ounces.
horny
tions
concre-
down
continuously pared
be
then
ounce.
Eight
_
animals
such
One
-
excellent
an
heels, they may
must
deposit
no
and
of
_
drawing knife, and
a
This
condition
_
been
which
on
indurated
become
of diacetate
Erythema.
on
but
of:
Glycerine
This
off the
brush.
that
on
dirt
the
simply brushing
but
water,
no
little caustic.
a
their entire
as
removal
consequences,
GREASE.
Cause.
horses'
Mud
This
"
differ in many
heels
Fever.
rarely,if
well
to
well
to
as
and
this condition
are
idle
get greasy
chieflythe
than
ones
fed
of animals
and
together
about
attacked,
in the fore feet.
class
both
horses
most
bred, heavy-limbed truck
well
for hours
has
thoroughbred
The
the
as
in
heels.
it is
more
attended
wet
and
The
common
of
the Scratches
in the second
origin,and
on
coarse
animals, when
stand
local
fed.
from
place this disease
first
a
condition
diseased
and
respects
is found
ever,
groomed
Those
the
In
as
it
unsightly
a
the
or
stitutional
con-
instance
that
are
subject
horses.
to, if allowed
filth,very
hind
feet
quently
freare
in the hind
142
Symptoms.
there is secreted
the oil
fluid from
this disease
this
In
irritation and
of
secretion,then
a
lubricate
the
increased
quantityof
these parts ; but when
increased
an
vascular
is first
parts there
and
bid
mor-
action.
of the
arrest
an
lastlya perversionof
increase,and
an
sufficient
mal
ani-
an
glands and neighboring parts of a
tended
discharge of matter, which is at-
these
offensive
state
the heels
to
of
healthy state
or
it is the result of
from
peculiar greasy
with
about
glands
occurs
secretion
normal
the
In
"
this
lubricatingfluid.
The
first appearance
is,therefore
of grease
state
a
secretion),
dry scrufl'y
of
and
itchiness.
the
tension
hair follicles become
of that inflamation
prominent
of the heels, with
rest
ar-
heat
Swellingsucceeds, with slightlameness from
in
As
the skin.
the discharge augments
of
quantity,the
(from the
about
inflamed, and
as
begin to form, and
portionof the fetlock.
fissures
deep
the upper
a
result
become
In these
fissures
pustulesbegin to form ; these soon burst,and expose
which
are
granulations,
vulgarlycalled grapes
great coarse
is neglected
a creature
(and by others,proud flesh).When
in this condition, the skin of the heels becomes
tough,
come
almost horny (indurated),
and in a short time the limbs betwice
brought
their natural
back
to
Treatment
or
of
have
must
mixed
three
their former
Grease.
entire
an
feed
to
of flesh,in addition
given
once
much
are
water
them
a
of food
a
week, mixed
week
a
dose
to
If the
this
twice
simple.
with
of aloes, say four
after
jver
work,
with
a
Wash
the
clean
them
little
of
ounce
an
up
horse
for the constitutional treatment.
very
in this condition
animal
An
week.
to
be
can
begin with, from oats
food, carrots, apples and mashes
change
a
ever
symmetry.
"
green
four times
or
if
seldom
size,and
his
to
is strong and
full
saltpetremay
pail of water,
be
six drachms.
The
dry oxide
of
Thus
local remedies
parts thoroughly with
with
and
tepid
soft brush, sprinkle
a
zinc,and allow plenty
143
bedding. Before going to work,
followingapplication:"
of
Laudanum
of lead
Acetate
Soft soap
As
soon
the
off,and
around
the
the
soften
with
of water,
tenderness
over
The
-
-
are
relax
the
a
drachm
will
remove
as
carbolic
bad
on
measure
inflamed
poulticewill
a
parts, and
the
before
much
are
present,
of
be washed
great
a
the
remove
linseed
poultice of
a
purpose
ounces.
must
will in
cases
grapes
ounce.
sprinkled as
pressure
such
One
this
work
zinc
the
ounce.
Eight
-
is done
One
the
derness.
ten-
meal,
acid, mixed
smell, as well
be
with
the
as
of the parts.
this
poulticeis removed,
before
as
-
and
this
sprinkledover
When
-
In
cure.
For
ounce
_
animal
heels,and
required to
an
_
dry dressingof
A bandage with
the heels.
expedite
_
-
the
as
the heels with
smear
with
recommended
sometimes
are
grapes
the
parts
must
dry
oxide
of zinc.
removed
with
be dusted
scissors,
or
by
a
them
with a piece of stout waxed
strangulating
dressingthe surfaces as already recommended.
thread, and
CORNS.
These
bruises
are
of the
sensitive sole in the
tween
angle be-
posteriorpart of the quarter and the bars, and
mostly occurringon the inside of the fore foot. The hind
feet own
their immunity to the peculiarstrengthof the heels
and their sustaining
less weight. Two
sorts of feet are
cially
espewhich
subjectto corns; those with deep slantingheels,
the
become
doubled
that have
pressure
wide
up
between
flat soles
and
causing the
bruise
of pressure
the
and
inflamed, serum
horn
and
by
becomes
low
comes
weak
from
the
sole,and
heels,on
above.
those
which
From
the
tinuance
con-
interior villous sensitive surface
bruised
by
the shoe and
and
soft and
blood
are
poured
discolored,and
is
out, the
the
parts
144
weakened
cause
continue
cause
of the
much
weight
worn
the
upon
the
on
limb
to
applicationof
unhealthy
secrete
injuryhas been
in trotting
a hard
upon
under
the body as
obvious
as
continual
the
from
bent
outside
after
even
is
possible,thus
shoe
The
the
most
leg is brought
throwing the
road ; the lame
heel.
exciting
Lameness
is
also
in the
mostly
with
generallystands
raised,somewhat
the heel
and
removed.
side ; the animal
outer
horn
the
same
way
the
as
unsoundness, do
grogginess.Corns, although constituting
in well formed
reduce an animal's value,
feet materially
not
be got rid of gradually.
for by careful shoeing they may
in
Treatment.
removing
"
Pare
carefullythe
out
and
all reddened
diseased
horn
of the
seat
; reduce
corn,
the
crust
it is unduly strong, but leave
where
slightly
These
be religiously
must
the bars and frog untouched.
in weak
feet,to afford a wide bearing
preserved,especially
of the quarter
for the
shoe
bar
dressingmay
Tar
be
"
-
Three
-
-
One
-
-
-
_
the lard and
bees'
consists
and
sensitive surfaces
arise from
and
muck,
within
the continual
which
internally. Animals
and
Two
a
half
pound.
drachms.
together,stir in
wax
OR
diseased
in inflammation
ounces.
the lard and
stir until cold.
and
ingredients,
foul
of
-
-
THRUSH
This
lowing
fol-
-
-
Nitric acid
the other
Take
The
"
wax
Glycerine
Melt
be used.
One-quarter pound.
-
Honey
Lard
applied.
-
-
Bees'
afterwards
that should
FRUSH.
condition
and
of the
ulceration
the clefts of the
of
application
foot
of the
frog;
various
primarily
villous and
it appears
kinds
to
of dirt
externallyand
standing continually in foul, damp
irritate the
tissues
both
146
It is most
in horses
common
chests, upright pasterns, and
narrow
lighterbreeds, with
of the
out-turned
The
toes.
short tripping
of this disease are
a
signs of the presence
gait,wiring in of the heels,wearing away of the toe of the
of the
shoe, wastingof the muscles of the shoulder, projecting
mark the disease.
limb whilst standing. These signsinfallibly
ifnot to
In slight
earlynoticed, it is possible,
cases, and when
it continues
cure, at any rate greatlyto relieve it;but where
weeks, the articular surface of the tendon becomes
inflamed; after this
abraded, and the synovialmembrane
the bone
becomes
involved,and lastly
the articular cartilage
for
some
ulcerated.
becomes
Treatment.
Various
"
been
tried for this
than
anything else.
disease,but absolute
Division
of the
does
rest
good
more
going to
nerve
have
the foot
ful,
tried,but little good has followed,for it is a pain-
been
has
remedies
unsatisfactory
but
operation.
risky,unsatisfactory
SPLINTS,
SPAVINS,
called
(technically
RING-BONES
and
EXOSTOSIS).
in animals
They
the
is
names
limb
In
are
by
indicate
on
which
knee,
are
causes,
same
whatever
forms
ma/
or
are
into
occur
pastern
called
a
kind
either
a
speed
and
of the
labor.
same
ture,
na-
formed.
in the
commences
cause
by
ous
seri-
very
why they receive these different
of the fore or
particularlocality
the
evil
usuallyfollowed
These
the
investingthe bone,
From
which
for
they are
the
all cases,
become
of the bones
formed
specially
only reason
to
membrane
it is
that
produced
are
and
hind
conditions
diseased
These
which
the
tough
is termed
inflammation
vascular
the
teum.
Perios-
is
induced,
depositof limy or osseous
matter,
of various shapes.
of bony tumor
in the neighborhood of the hock,
and which from these different
joints,
or
Ring-bones.
Spavins,Splints,
tions
loca-
147
When
when
the
too
of
and
driven
of
other
into
lymph, which
set
of
rather
that
they become
In very
by
the parts
of
The
INJURIES
AND
injuriesto
which
largecities ;
our
accidents,while
WOUNDS
articular
tion
in the ulcera-
this kind
others
rufiflans for various
wounds
come
gressed
proof the
liable
are
are
are
many
result of
the
brutallyinflicted by dastardly
are
the
on
GENERAL.
equine race
majority of cases
The
reasons.
are
IN
the
the
(as
discerned.
be
can
the
this
cases
to the
resulted
of
hot
into
many
extends
Diseases
membrane.
of
over-
an
have
and the injurymay
slowly and insidiously,
considerablybefore any perceptiblealteration
structure
in
is
is followed
up
has
tion
exer-
concussions
gradually degenerates
joint,which
the
severe
there
parts;
spuriousbony deposit,or Exostosis.
the inflammation
seen
on
dissection),
within
cartilage
and
causes,
these
inflammation
The
tender.
effusion
leaping or
blood
inordinate
to
receives
especially
or
young,
jointsfrom
supply
is put
animal
an
most
portant
im-
and
common
punctured, contused, lacerated,and
incised.
A
violence
from
The
or
and
of
abraded
the
wounds
are
from
a
(calking).Lacerated
violence
inflicted
collision
wounds
with
are
some
shafts
are
oftener
part of
the
mostly the intentional
animals.
the
seen
tread
severe
not
are
occasion
other
tice,
prac-
lesion.
tused
Con-
in the
neighborhood
by the opposite
unfrequent from
of
loss
to
to which
injuries
Fractures, Dislocations,Sprains,and
The
horse
carriagescoming in
animal's
body. Incised
doings of revengefulmen
wheels
or
of
seat
wounds
sharp instrument, to
a
valuable
liable
with
by
frequentin
most
generallythe
coronet,
continuity,whether
of
cause.
is the
wound
the foot is
solution
a
other
any
punctured
and
shoe
consists in
"wound
the
owners
the
horse
Burns.
of
is
148
The
indications
of whatever
relieve shock
"
treatment
presented in wounds
brieflystated
be
nature, may
To
thus:
;
hemorrhage ;
remove
foreignmatter;
approximate and retain the parts;
limit the resulting
inflammation.
arrest
"
"
"
the
Amongst
To
for
the
arrest
important of
most
blood, which
of
current
these indications
may
be either
are,
ist,
arterial,
profuse,external or internal.
The scarlet color and saltatory
jetwill inform us when it is
it is venous.
the purple hue
and steady flow when
arterial,
cause
Internal hemorrhage is more
dangerous than external, beit is generallyinaccessible.
foreign
2d, To remove
with a
be done
and effectually
at once
matter; this must
and water
a
particleof matter, not a hair,or
; not
sponge
or
the smallest
clot of blood
provoke
to
sure
both, slightor
or
venous,
and
the inflammation
;
must
keep
up
this is done
be left behind,
the
by
irritation.
the
usual
it will be
or
3d, To limit
antiphlogistic
treatment.
The
of Wounds
111 consequences
The
bad
be
to
consequences
Injuries."
and
apprehended
after these
juries
in-
are
Traumatic
fever ;
Hemorrhage ;
Excessive
suppuration;
Gangrene
Traumatic
hours
and
Tetanus.
Fever
after the
usually sets
injury,or
soon
in within
after reaction
the
first few
has been
fairly
established.
Hemorrhage
Secondary
and
the proper
Profuse
bad
wounds,
means
used
Suppuration
whatever
effects counteracted
must
to
may
be
prevent
be
steadily
kept in view,
its injurious
effect.
looked
their character, and
by supportingremedies.
nearly all
exhausting
for in
its
149
is
Gangrene
human
dealt
surgery,
not
promptly
be
it must
appear
in
as
with.
irritable temperament.
much
the
of
especially
wounds,
the
with
do
to
The
GENERAL.
IN
SPRAINS
sprain is applied to so
no
injuriesthat it conveys
the gravityof the lesion
or
sprain or
strain is
inflicted
The
severe
and
that
and
often
usually the
the
upon
before
sorts
many
given
in any
these
as
them
lence
vio-
horses,
some
attained
have
very
or
A
ligaments.
and
requiredof
structures
render
solidity,
case.
of awkwardness
result
exertion
well
as
plicity
idea either of the sim-
muscles, tendons
continued
strengthand
has
changes of temperature
development of this disease.
term
degrees of
and
nervous
a
Sudden
OR
STRAINS
of
horses
foot, on
punctured
from
results
often
Tetanus
Traumatic
full
it does
when
but
wounds
sequel of
a
common
so
liable
to
their
injuries
of this kind.
Some
as
like),
sprains may
to
rupture
arranged in
bundles
muscles, and
which
as
only
a
called),
may
be
only
so
a
slight(from
few
of the
make
(fasciculi),
by
temporary
be
so
severe
a
little
rest
and
a
extensive
step
up
or
such
fibres,which,
minute
tendons
the
and
attention,passes off
inconvenience.
and
false
Other
as
to
sprains (so
cause
rupture
and
tendons
displacement of the cellular membrane,
ligaments, and all other parts forming the articulation.
tion
Sometimes
a whole
largetendon is involved,with extravasaof blood, which
complicatesthe injury. Thus
seriously
for there
it may
be no
that a sprainmay
seem
simple affair,
innumerable
of difference between
shades
sprainsand
are
and
than a fracture.
sprains,and that a bad sprainmay be worse
also
beside the effusion into the tissues,
These
are
injuries,
accompanied by excessive pain,throbbing of the arteries in
constitutional
the locality
of the lesion,and
severe
symp-
ISO
repairthe injuryinflamation
To
toms.
swelling,
lymph
enlargement, and not only
occasions
; this
separatingthe
structures,
will be
as
each
fibres from
Treatment.
This
poured
but by
so,
of the back
cases
companiments
ac-
the affected
other, shortens
in bad
seen
its
is
heat, pain and
of
out
in,with
sets
tendons.
is
simple,and for that reason
seldom
followed
by ignorant persons ; they will persistin
cation
using oils and liniments,and sometimes blisters. The appli"
is very
of hot water, continued
for
cases
Perfect
both
the
remedy to begin with.
possiblehaving the animal slung,will
day, is
whole
a
if
rest, and
best
the
expeditethe
will
followingprescription
much
very
Laudanum
extract,
Beside
cure.
good
do
One
-
-
Goulard's
in bad
hours, and
for several
service
water
:
(ortwo).
ounce
in
ounce,
one
hot
the
quart of
a
water.
Soft soap
The
if
is
to
possible limit
and
Anodynes
the
cloth, and
by
heat
dressing are
warm
keep
it
the
tenderness, and
its
the
fomentations
the
and
inflammation, and
the
cover
practitioners
Some
woolen
bring down
both
pound.
One
-
-
this treatment
object of
medicines
and
-
minations.
injuriouster-
best
for this purpose.
parts with
continuallysaturated
a
with
thick
both
remedies.
In
addition
to
these
a
laxative
diet of mashes
and
roots,
physic,will be very beneficial.
Old sprainsof long standing may be treated with friction,
irritation and lightwork.
counter
in at least a dozen
Sprains have occurred
parts of the
horse's body, but the parts most
subject to these injuries
with
are
an
odd
dose
of
:
Strain of the flexor brachii.
''
"
shoulder
"
"
back
*'
"
joint.
tendons.
suspensory
ligament.
151
SPRAIN
The
most
advances
lameness.
shoulder
of
common
FLEXOR.
THE
raises and
which
muscle
OF
unequal weight thrown
horses, from
It
"c., and
short
from
also
sudden
or
is the
in truck
results
shoulder.
one
upon
horses, in tryingto extricate the limb
road
limb
the
in
In
heavy ground,
by awkward
turns
drivers.
Treatment.
animal
tie the
In bad
"
by
up
the
head
the
risingup, which
injured parts. Fold a
the
breast,secured
down
to
as
horse-cloth
there with
continuallyon
so
first relaxes
and
water
animal
slingthe
cases
strap
:
in all
prevent
and
the
then
several
cases
lying
stretches
times
round
girths,and pour hot
also apply the remedy
or
the parts, and
already mentioned.
SHOULDER
The
strained,an
and
also
and
horses
investing the
muscles
become
from
the
lastly,
shoulder
quite common
ploughing and
thing happens to
accident
double
same
blade
occasionally
in hillycountries,
awkward
young
ping:
step-
carriage
usually affected
freely. The muscles
the antea
and postea spinati,
are
subscapularis.
teres, and
and
are
Tenderness, slightswellingand lameness
perceptible,
after some
time there may
be atrophy of the muscles.
The
that
SLIP.
w^ork
too
remedies
same
SHOULDER
Cause.
may
be
used
JOINT
to
advantage.
LAMENESS.
ness
jointlameof that
consists in a softeningof the articular cartilage
of the synovial
there
is inflammation
joint. In this case
of unhealthy synovia,
secretion
membrane, and excessive
which produces bulging of the capsular ligament,which may
be detected by pressure.
"
The
most
serious
form
of shoulder
152
Symptoms.
it may
character
of
be
leg outw^ard
at
Treatment.
setons
blisters,
ness,
lamethe
throws
toe, and
step.
every
this
In
"
the
in which
easilyknown
by the manner
He
usuallydrags his
progresses.
animal
the
this is the
When
"
instance
is very
unsatisfactory,
of
firinghave been tried in hundreds
son
cases, without
advantage,for the simple reaany permanent
that the cartilage
is apt to be destroyed,and the underlying
and
ulcerated.
bone
STRAINING
Is
OF
TENDONS
BACK
THE
accidents
the horse,
affecting
and involves the perforanstendon
and its check
ligament.
In the largeproportionof cases, the ligament is first affected
immediately above its insertion into the tendon.
of the
one
most
Symiptoms.
work, other
at
involved, and
limb
of the
of
come
ligaments bethickeningand shortening
tendons
permanent
with
the limb
Envelope
"
suppliesof
fresh
and
tenderness
bear
to
remove
times
daily.
in
pieceof horse-rug,
a
small
Cause.
as
"
OF
This
trotters,
bandage, and
to
hand-rub
for
pears
ap-
hot
parts several
the
this,a laxative
diet
"
no
oats,
injury is mostly
racers
LIGAMENTS.
SUSPENSORY
THE
and
to
When
creature
substitute cold
confined
hunters.
exercise
rapid and severe
suddenly either sprain,rupture or tear
put
the
every
of medicine.
doses
STRAIN
removed, and
ble
capa-
this until
Continue
water.
limb, then
addition
In
hot
are
the
upon
the
water,
when
and
(or in any other woolen bandage
it
retaininga quantityof water),and saturate
all heat
such
if the
and
ensue,
several times
folded
with
lameness
ensue.
Treatment.
hour
and
Pain, heat
"
continue
animal
common
this latter
This
when
the
to
class
too
fast horses,
of
animals
young,
suspensory
may
ment.
liga-
happens it is called breaking down.
154
besides
this,mashes, with
the drink
twice
In my
day, until
a
ounce
an
saltpetrein
of
two
or
the fever subsides.
practiceI adopt
instead
followingmethod
of the cold water.
I substitute the following,
after nicely
bandaging the parts continuouslykeep it wetted with this
own
the
"
lotion
:
English crown
soap
Laudanum
_
Goulard's
_
extract
other
-
-
the last-mentioned
Put
in
Two
pounds.
Four
ounces.
Four
ounces
-
-
-
gallonof
a
then
water,
add
the
ingredients.
After
several
the animal
removed, and
the
from
slings,
put
mildly, and
allow
on
rest
can
this
several months
skin
as
well
as
are
limb, I release him
to
ensure
recovery.
KNEES.
division of
slightest
extensive injuryof the joint.
most
of the
knee
The
the
heat
shoe, blister the parts
rest
is included
term
the
on
high heeled
a
BROKEN
Under
all irritation and
weeks, and when
is
horse
the
the
liable,for
more
many
reasons,
"
injurythan any other joint,but beside this, others
the hock, elbow and
also are
: the stifle,
injuredoccasionally
lesion
The
slightest
fetlocks,but most
frequentlythe knee.
to
serious
consists in
of this kind
skin
bruise
superficial
mere
a
while
(orEpidermis),
deep-seatedstructures
the
uninjured.
In other
instances,the
is
bruised
that
much
so
which
bald
case
white
Bad
sheath
or
no
scar
falls
of
so
the
stillworse,
joint itself.
true
as
a
penetrate and
part
permanent
severelylacerate
largetendon
the
on
this
expose
the
are
so
destroyed,in
injured,but
a
blemish.
jointas
that passes
remain
(orthe Dermis)
skin
the hair follicles
hair will grow
remains
of the scarf
to
in front
tear
of this
ligament of
the
open
joint,
the
true
155
Treatment.
When
"
the
horse
must
be
broad
linen
bandage, which
with
and
cold
When
hair grows
sheath
of the
tincture of Cantharides.
tendon
large
it is
case
lesion
a
ascertained
cealed
con-
If,however, the hair
at
in
spiteof
wound, it is
either
the
the
from
proceed
all
rally
gene-
demonstrates
once
may
from
or
the
from
requiringthe
the
joint itself;in
patienceof the
true
skill and
stitutional
jointsconsists in local and con(when it is
; the first thing to be done
joint is exposed)is,slingthe animal if
that
the
with
remove
possible,
carefully
dirt that may
the
expect
irritate and
to
parts
all
heal
probing
endanger
and
water
got into the
have
Avoid
the
be
may
of open
management
treatment
to
mains,
re-
surgeons.
The
or
blemish
uninjured no
baldness
best,
swellingare
and
soreness
the
accident,this fluid
of the
best
are
flows
jointoil (synovia)
serious injury,and
very
nature
any
roots
is the
treatment
destroyed,a cicatrix remains
oils and other specifics.
the vaunted
a
simple
be
should
When
be
of
use
of diluted
roots
should
with a
tightlybound
rated
kept constantlysatu-
lamp-black and oil; the rapidgrowth
hair is encouraged by rubbing the part with castor
if it should appear
with an occasional dressing
tardily,
by
oil,and
part
until all
hair
until the
the
rest, the
This
water.
the
and
of smooth
at
continued
be
must
gone.
kept
only is bruised, the
skin
scarf
until
of
the limb.
a
sponge
all
opening,for it is
all foreignmatter
gravel
useless
is
moved.
re-
orifice,for it will only
the
Never
opening with lime, alum, flour,or
try
any
rudelyplug
to
mechanical
up
tion.
inven-
Removing weight and pressure from the injuredparts by
slingingand keeping the part in a fixed positionprevents
the restless jerkingof the limb, the outpouring of the synovia,
as
well
as
the
demand
for
After
more.
dirt,etc., a simple poulticeof linseed
for
two
or
following:
three
days
; this must
be
meal
removing the
be applied
may
kept moistened
with the
156
Goulard's
extract,
Laudanum,
must
with the
-
_
_
Water,
After
-
_
_
_
_
Two
ounces.
Two
ounces.
Two
quarts.
age
a good linen bandcarefullyremoving the poultice,
next
be
put
wash, and
on
not
; this may
be moistened
removed
for
two
or
occasionally
three days at a
time.
the growth of healthygranulations,
Poulticingencourages
which
If,however, these
speedily closes up the wound.
exuberant, or proud flesh apgranulationsshould become
pear
to pass
out
beyond the surface, a good broad tight
bandage will repress their growth ; if not, touch them lightly
with some
caustic,or with the careful use of a hot sinooth
iron.
In
no
state
of the part is the
So
justifiable.
blistering
much
of hot
for
the Local
Treatment.
Constitutional
oils,ointments, or
use
"
Wounds
Treatment.
of this kind
are
of the
always accompanied by traumatic fever,which is one
die (inthese
illconsequences
to be guarded against. Horses
but from
the fever.
cases)not exactlyfrom the injuryitself,
and irritable constitution
This is heightened by the nervous
of
horses, more
than
cattle
the fever increases
ounces
of
saltpetre
may
or
other
and
thirst,
be
given in
animals.
to
a
tion
In this condi-
relieve the
pailof
fever
two
water.
BONE-SPAVIN
bony enlargement on the antero-internal part of the
and the cuneiform
the shank-bone
hock, usually between
bones.
the two cuneiform
between
medium, and occasionally
ly-formed
in young
Severe work, especially
growing animals, with badinflammation
of the
upright hocks, occasions
and causing
the bone
to
itself,
periosteum,extending soon
Is
the
a
depositionof
osseous
matter.
157
Treatment.
In
apply cold, as directed for
splint;but in protractedcases, when the jointis extensively
afford more
affected,hot fomentations
relief,
by promoting
exudation.
Where
these do not
succeed, blisters or firing,
or
"
the insertion of
and
act
other
recent
cases,
seton, is advisable.
a
in vogue
remedies
and
merely like blisters,
The
for this and
not,
is
as
farriers' oils,
similar
lamenesses,
popularlybelieved,by
when
extractingthe bony deposit. Pain and lameness cease
the depositis consolidated,and
the limb becomes
tolerably
serviceable, although usuallystiffened from the want
of free
movement
between
the small
bones
of the hock.
SPLINT
Is
exostosis,
bony enlargement, technicallycalled an
situated usuallybelow the knee, and between
the large and
small
splintbones, generallyon the inside of the limb, and
in horses employed at fast work, and that
most
common
been
much
have
the road whilst young.
on
Occasionally
they appear in young growing horses, almost without being
a
observed, and
seldom
cause
much
lameness
unless
when
occurring on both sides of the
accompanied by bony enlargements
about
the pasterns, they indicate weakness, a tendency
to bony growths,and
to lameness.
a
liability
consequent
When
the knee, the splintis
immediately underneath
of the joint,
and
apt to interfere with the movements
rapidly deposited. When
limb, and especiallywhen
most
cause
lameness.
periosteum
"
bone.
the
Inordinate
hot
and
indicates
noticeable
to
vascular
it an
tender, and
vessels, and
animal
the
cases
evil
in the
commences
investingthe
concussion, in badly
exertion,especially
tough
shaped limbs,drives
become
all
In
supply
lymph
changes by
the trot, and
of
blood, the parts
is exuded
gradually converted
these
at
over
membrane
into
bone.
the
flamed
inThe
dropping gait,especially
his
upon
from
a
hard
road.
158
Treatment.
continue,the
tenderness
and
heat
wetted with cold
kept constantly
be
parts must
Whilst
"
rate
Satu-
water.
it on
with cold water; secure
piece of spongiopiline
and freshly
out
the limb with a lightbandage, and squeeze
let the horse stand for
it every hour ; or, if practicable,
wet
in a pool or
hour several times a day up to the knees
an
night.
Allow
of water.
stream
perfectrest for ten days or a forta
by
removed, apply a
When
of the biniodide
the
means
cantharidine
of mercury,
and
heat
tenderness
are
of tlieointment
blister,some
Such
the hot iron.
or
the
harden
and
condense
such
remedies
bony deposit,but do not,
is
as
it. Perfect union
shortlytakes
generallythought,remove
place between the largeand small splintbones, the swelling
although
and the splint,
becomes
disappears,
solid,the lameness
soundness,
unstillremaining,and strictly
speakingconstituting
limbs
in well formed
occasions
no
inconvenience.
RINGBONES
the
round
laid down
bony matter
effort to strengthenthe parts, and enable
coronet
a natural
cussion.
too
better to withstand
them
earlywork, or too great conin the fore limbs of draught
They are most common
horses,with short uprightpasterns and small feet,or in the
horses.
hind limbs of lighter-bred
Although they do not
over,
cause
lameness, they indicate disease,are, moreinvariably
in
Consist
a
circle of
"
apt
extend, and therefore constitute unsoundness.
to
Consists in
which
enlargement of
the flexor tendons
obvious
It is most
above
an
and
behind
causes
swellingand
to
and
and
tenderness
are
removed.
limb, immediately
wards.
readilypressedoutsmall ligament which
a
the arm-bone, and
lameness.
insertions.
be
can
strain of
fomentations, followed
rest
their lower
towards
but
joint,
It results from
attaches the tendon
cavity,through
synovial
the
the inside of the
on
the
pass
KNEE
THE
OF
THOROUGHPIN
The
by
when
it first occurs
treatment
blisters when
consists in
the
heat
159
SIDE-BONES
situated immediatelyabove the quarters
swellings,
and heels, and
into bone
of
resultingfrom the conversion
the elastic lateral cartilages.They occur
either on
one
or
both limbs,and
both sides,or in one
most
or
are
common
in heavy draught horses with uprightpasterns. Unless when
of rapid growth, they seldom
lameness.
cause
Treatment,
Ringbones and Side-bones
require the
treatment
same
as
splintsand other bony enlargement,
namely, cold applications,
kept up steadilyuntil heat and
tenderness
are
removed, and succeeded
by blisters or firing.
Are
hard
"
WINDGALLS
varying from the size of a marble to
puffyswellings,
that of a walnut, found in the neighborhood of the fetlocks,
in the tendinous
sheaths
depending upon the accumulation
of an
of synovia, or
secreted
undue
amount
to
joint-oil,
Are
soft
obviate
and
at
the
friction of
serious in animals
first
soft,and
with
most
frequent
long, obliquepasterns.
Although
easilyreduced
days' rest, they by-and-by,from
friction of work, become
synovia,and
or
mercury,
several
mercurial
work, and
fast
severe
by
bandages
wet
the continued
rest, with
charges, are
seldom
windgalls,when
once
requiredfor
few
the
of
their reduction.
have
been
at
they have appeared,can
be
the
with
blisters,biniodide
Indeed, in middle-aged horses, which
full fast work,
a
irritation and
is mixed
harder, lymph
weeks'
and
permanently removed, but are
animal
again goes to fast work
apt
on
to return
ever
when-
the road.
'
THOROUGHPIN
Is distension
(orwindgall)of
pedis
tendon, and is situated immediately above the prominence
of the hock, between
the bone and the gastrocnemeitendons.
It results from
in young
fast work, especially
severe
horses.
the
bursa
of the flexor
i6o
known
sickle-hams ; is at
as
faultyconformation
first soft,and easilyreduced
by rest and cold applications
;
of long standing,hard, owing to the
but becomes, when
the interior of the bursae.
sion
Distenof lymph on
exudation
of the capsular ligament of the hock-joint,or bogspavin,is occasionallymistaken for it,but is situated lower
so
readilybe pressedfrom one side of the
down, and cannot
limb to the other.
Bog-spavinsand thoroughpins,however,
of serious bogoften co-exist,for the irritation and pressure
spavin are apt to induce distension of the contiguousbursse
with cold applicaTreat
for windgalls,
of the tendons.
as
tions
and pressure, followed up by blisters.
with
that
CURB
posteriorstraightligament of the
and swellingon the inner and back
hock ; causes
tenderness
in horses,with the os
part of the joint; occurs, especially
like other
calcis short,and inclining
forwards : and requires,
Consists
strain
of
of the
friction,and
applications,
strains,rest, cold
after
a
time
and firing.
blistering
HOCKS
CAPPED
Usually proceed
vice
;
from
kicking;
consist in infiltration of
cellular tissue about
into the
serum
point of
the
generallyindicative
are
the hock
integuments,but seldom
appropriateremedies are pressure,
of the
or
a
or, in bad
littleof the ointtnent
cases,
with
subcutaneous
; lead
to
ing
thickenTheir
lameness.
cause
wet
of
ters,
bandages, blis-
of the biniodide
of mercury,
puncturing.
BOG-SPAVIN
Consists
secretion
lymph.
in distension
of
The
of the
dark-colored
delicate
with
hock-joint,
thickened
an
excessive
synovia,mixed
synovial fringeswhich
secrete
with
the
GLOSSARY.
Unnatural,
Abnormal.
Removal
Abrasion.
irregular, unhealthy.
of
portion
a
of
violence
skin, by
or
ulceration.
Acclimatize.
AciNESiA.
Acne.
inure
To
of
Loss
A
to
muscular
power.
disease
pustular
climate.
new
a
of
skin, involving
the
the
ous
sebace-
follicles.
Active,
Acute
Adenoid.
Glandular,
Adipose.
brief
of
recent,
duration.
gland-like.
or
Fatty.
Adynamic.
; without
Prostrate
Afflux.
toward
Flow
The
Albuminuria.
power.
part.
a
of
presence
the
in
albumen
urine.
Cold.
Algid.
Partial
Amaurosis.
the
retina, optic
Dim,
Amblyopia.
Amyloid.
heard
by
Resembling
Ane^mia.
Deficiency
An^eesthesi
A.
Analeptic.
Absence
; i.e
of
arrest
or
without
Pitcher-like,
Amphoric.
from
an
affection
of
blindness.
nervous
vision.
obscure
Shapeless;
Amorphous.
brain
or
nerve,
or
blindness
total
Absence
Amenorrhcea.
sounds
or
or
menstruation.
definite
form.
Applied
decanter-like.
auscultation
or
on
to
percussion.
starch.
red
of
or
Invigorating,
loss
blood.
of sensation
restorative.
and
perception,
164
Anasarca.
General
Aneurism.
Morbid
dropsy
of the
dilatation
rupture of its
of
tissue.
areolar
artery, with
an
or
out
with-
coats.
Having an
irregular,grooved, or broken
surface ; applied to a cavity in the lung.
Angina.
A choking or
suffocatingdisease.
Anodyne.
Tending to relieve pain.
Anorexia.
of appetite.
Loss
the
Destructive
Anthelmintic.
of, or tending to cause
Anfractuous.
removal
of, worms.
Curative
Anti-arthritic.
Anti-lithic.
Solvent
Anti-phlogistic
of
of
gout.
stone
Tending
to
or
gravel.
arrest
or
mitigate inflam
mation.
Anti-psoric.
Curative
Anti-toxic.
Antidotal
The
Apex.
of
uppermost
poison.
point.
to
Aphonia.
Loss
of vioce.
Aphthae.
Small
whitish
frequentlyfound
Aplastic.
Applicata.
with, the
;
in the mouth.
respiration.
Things applied to, or brought
exterior of the body.
of
into
contract
Intermission.
Apyrexia.
Arachnitis.
Inflammation
Arthritis.
Gout.
AscARiDES.
Rounds
of the
arachnoid
membrane.
worms.
Peritoneal
Ascites.
Asphyxia.
or
ulcers, originatingin vesicles
Inorganizable.
Arrest
Apncea.
itch.
dropsy.
Suspension of breathing,or
circulation
Asthenia.
Asthenic.
Ataxic.
Atelectasis
of the
of
Pulmonum.
aeration
blood.
Debility.
Without
strength;feeble; attended
Irregular;out
the
by prostration.
of order.
Imperfectexpansionof
the
lungs.
i65
Atony.
generati
de-
or
of tone.
Loss
Absence
Atrophy.
pap-like formation
pulp-like or
A
Atheroma.
of nutrition.
defect
or
B
Promotive
Balancive.
restorative
or
of balance,
tion,
propor-
harmony.
science
The
Biology.
and of
life,
of
the
functions
of
living
beings.
Material
Blastema.
which
of
out
tissue
is
or
be
may
organized.
Bulla,
See
Bleb.
Intestinal
Borborygmus.
Bright's
Disease.
gurgling.
Fatty
other
or
degenerationof
the
kidney.
normally
that
of the
Resonance
Bronchophony.
heard
in the
Excessive
Bronchorrhea.
bronchial
voice, in
bronchial
discharge of
the
lung, like
region.
mucus
from
the
tubes.
Bulimia,
Boulimia.
Bulla.
A
Excessive
appetite.
blister;i.e. an elevation of the cuticle,
containing
serum.
C
Cachexia.
depraved or diseased habit of system.
Belonging to the dead body.
Containing or resembling chalk or lime.
A
Cadaveric.
Calcareous.
Calculus.
Stone.
Calvaria.
The
Carcinoma.
Cancer.
Heart-burn.
Cardialgia.
Catalepsy.
cranium.
A
rigidityof
Catarrh.
An
affection, characterized
nervous
the
ysmal
parox-
muscles.
affection of
by increased
by
a
mucous
secretion.
membrane,
ized
character-
66
with
Cavernous.
Connected
Cerebritis.
Inflammation
Chloasma.
Cholagogue.
Chondroma.
St. Vitus'
a
cavity.
a
brain.
the
of the skin.
of bile.
dance.
Protracted; continuing,without
Chronic.
for
of
Containing iron.
Liver-spot; a yellow discoloration
Tending to increase the flow
A
cartilaginoustumor.
Chalybeate.
Chorea.
indicative of
or
change,
much
considerable
period.
production of
The
CiNCHONiSM.
Peruvian
bark,
of its
or
alkaloids,upon
Things surrounding the body
CiRCUMFUSA.
effects
characteristic
:
of
the
system.
e.g.
air,light.
moisture, etc.
degeneration of
Waxy
Cirrhosis.
liver.
the
Clavus.
a
Clonic.
Successive, interrupted,alternating.
CoLiCA
corn.
colic.
Lead
PiCTONUM.
Copious, exhaustive.
Colloid.
Jelly-like.
Coma.
stupor.
Completely unconscious
Congenital.
Existing at the time of birth.
Colliquative.
of sound, by
Repetitionor reduplication
Consonance.
of
vibration
sonorous
Contagious.
CoNTRA-iNDiCATE.
Inflamation
A
cold
in the
Belonging
Cosmic.
body
which
upon
or
actual
it
the
impringes.
contact.
Sedative.
Contro-stimulant.
CoRNEiTis.
a
Contagious.
Conveyed by touch
To
prohibit.
CoNTACTivE.
CoRYZA.
of blood.
Accumulation
Congestion.
to
of the
cornea.
head.
the
universal
system
or
order
of
nature.
Coup
de
CoxALGiA.
Crepitant.
soleil.
Sun-stroke.
Disease
of the
hip-joint.
Crackling; applied technically to
crackling;heard
on
auscultation
in
the
pneumonia.
^ne
i67
To
Cretify.
Cyanosis.
substance.
of aeration
blood.
the
Angina.
Cynanche.
A
Cyst.
chalky
a
Pertainingto the skin.
Blueness, from imperfectcirculation
Cutaneous.
of
into
convert
cell, or bag, formed
sac,
more
Inflammation
Cystitis.
and
membrane,
taining
con-
fluid.
less
or
of
the
of
urinary bladder.
D
The
Decubitus.
of
manner
lyingdown.
Crossing X-like
Decussation.
Abstraction
Depletion.
side
from
of blood
to
other
or
side.
material,from
the system.
Dermatophyte.
A
vegetationupon the skin.
Something desired or required;
Desideratum.
an
ant
import-
object.
To
Desquamate.
scale
Detritus.
Refuse
Diabetes.
Excessive
Diabetes
; the
peel off.
or
result of
wearing or breaking down.
urination.
Excessive
mellitus.
discharge of
urine
taining
con-
sugar.
Diagnosis.
discrimination
The
of
the
the organs
nature
in
a
of
diseases ; the determination
attack, or of the condition
an
Diastole.
Dilatation.
Diathesis.
A
of
perspiration.
constitutional
Dicrotous.
or
tendency,peculiarity
Double-beating.
DiPTHERiA.
Membranous
Diphtheritic.
Diuretic.
Pseudo-membranous.
Productive
of
increased
Active, powerful.
Dynamic.
Relatingto power
Dyscrasia,
habit.
throat.
sore
Drastic.
Dynamize.
of
given case.
Productive
Diaphoretic.
of
To
imbue
a
morbid
with
state
of urine.
force.
or
force
of
flow
or
power.
the blood
or
of nutrition.
Difficult
Dysmenorrhcea.
painful menstruation.
or
Difficultyof swallowing.
Difficult respiration.
Dysphagia.
Dyspncea.
Difficult urination.
Dysuria.
E
Effiision of blood
EccHYMOSis.
the skin.
under
Convulsion.
Eclampsia.
disease
A
Ecthyma.
skin, characterized
the
of
by large
pustules.
Abortive; productiveof abortion.
EcTROTic.
Worn
Effete.
; dead.
out
An
Arabum.
Elephantiasis
neck,
scrotum,
with
purple
Eliminate.
To
A
affection,
cutaneous
severe
drive
or
remove
;
from
the
clot
thrown
out
applied to
Distention
Emphysema.
Empirical.
The
with
rational
result
a
system.
as
plug
a
tissue with
cellular
a
oi observation
Arching
collection
A
Empyema.
of
only;
air.
contrasted
as
deductive.
or
Emprosthotonos.
of
of the
body
insoluble
suspend or diffiise an
of mucilage.
by means
Encephaloid.
Brain-like.
Encephalon.
The
brain
; /.
the
e.
forward.
pleural cavity.
in the
pus
To
w^ater
limbs,
the
arterial trunk.
an
Emulsify.
of
etc.
tumors,
Obstructive
Embolic.
enlargement
etc.
Grcecorum.
Elephantiasis
into
eruptive disease.
vesicular
A
Eczema.
whole
substance
in
of the
contents
cranium.
Local
Endemic.
Within
Endermic.
Endosmose.
or
to
under
Inflammation
Endocarditis.
the
; confined
certain
the
localities.
skin.
of the
lining membrane
of
heart.
The
spontaneous
organic membrane.
interchange of
fluids
through
ExTRAVASATE.
tlirow
To
The
Exudation.
during
throwing
morbid
a
is thrown
blood
out
process.
from
out
the
of
lymph from
Also, the lymph
vessels.
the vessels
itself which
out.
F
Resembling
Flocculent.
FoMiTEs.
or
locks
of wool.
Things supposed to retain and convey
infection; as clothing,merchandise, etc.
FuscEDo.
of
staining
Yellow
the skin in
contagion
blotches.
patches or
G
Mortification.
Gangrene.
Pain
Gastralgia.
in the stomach.
Inflammation
Gastritis.
Gastrodynia.
of the
Stomach-ache.
Gastro-hepatic.
Affectingboth
Things done; actions;
Gesta.
Inflammation
Glossitis.
Glycosuria.
Glucosuria,
Bronchocele
the stomach
;
tongue.
in the
of sugar
Excess
The
the liver.
and
labors.
of the
GLUcoH^MiA,Glycohaemia.
Goitre.
stomach.
of sugar
presence
of the
enlargement
blood,
in the urine.
thyroid gland.
H
The
localityin
grows
abounds.
Habitat.
thing
HiEMATEMEsis.
or
Vomiting
H^matosis.
which
; blood
HEMATURIA.
Voiding
Hemicrania.
Pain
Hemiplegia.
Paralysis of the
Hemorrhoids.
in
of
living
other
urine.
bloody
half
one
development.
of the
and
arm
head.
leg,etc.,
of
^;/^
side.
Piles.
Inflammation
Hepatitis.
of the
into
Conversion
Hepatization.
Herpes.
or
of blood.
formation
Blood
plant
a
Tetter;
a
vesicular
Different
Heterologous.
liver.
a
liver-like
structure.
eruption.
from
anything
natural
to
the
body.
Homologous.
the
body.
meaning
resembling things natural to
has a more
this word
extended
physiology^
Parallel
\w
to
or
171
Hydatid.
be
vesicular
A
formation, generally considered to
parasite^found in various organs, causing
animal
an
their distention
Hydremia.
A
or
tumors.
condition
watery
of
the
blood.
Causing watery
Hydragogue.
Hydraulics.
discharges.
of
mechanics
liquids; investigating
force and phenomena of liquidpressure
The
especiallythe
and
into cysts
movement.
Hydrocephalus.
Hydro-pneumothorax.
The
together,in
Hydrothorax.
the
The
Hygrometry.
The
in the
and
water
air
chest
:
thoracic
dropsy.
of health.
of moisture
of the amount
air.
Excess
commonly
Excess
Hyperemia.
of
pleura.
measurement
Hyper^m^sthesia.
;
the
in the
science
head.
presence
cavity of
Water
Hygiene.
of the
Dropsy
called
in
of blood
chronic
of blood
in
a
part, with
a
bility
irrita-
inflammation.
part.
Over-sensitiveiiess.
HvpERiESTHESiA.
Hyperinosis.
Excess
Hypertrophy.
of fibrin.
Over-growth.
of sleep.
Promotive
Hypnotic.
In
Hypochondriac.
aiiatomy,the regionover
the
and
liver,
correspondingregion on the left side. In medicine^
from dysaffected with depressionof spirits
peptic
person
the
a
disease.
Dyspepsia
imaginary complaints.
Hypochondriasis.
Hypogastric.
Below
Hypostatic.
The
with
lowness
of
spiritsand
the stomach.
result of
settlingor
tion.
gravitativedeposi-
I
Contamination
ICHORiEMiA.
Icterus.
Fish-skin
pyaemia.
Idiosyncrasy.
Iliac
A
disease.
independent.
of system.
Individual peculiarity
passion. The most violent form of colic.
pustulareruption.
Primary
Idiopathic.
Impetigo.
;
Jaundice.
IcTHYOSis.
Ileus.
of the blood
;
172
Incubation.
; maturation
Development
introduction
the
The
mode
proper
Infection.
Ingestive.
and
cause
resultingdisease.
pointingof the signsof
tween
bethe
disease
the
to
of treatment.
Hardening.
As
frequentlyused,
Induration.
morbid
a
period
of the
appearance
Indication.
of
the
;
That
which
synonymous
is introduced
into the
with
gion.
conta-
body by
the
alimentarycanal.
Innervation.
influence.
Supply of nervous
Sleeplessness.
Insomnia.
mutual
Communicating ; transferring
Internuncial.
or
pressions
im-
excitations.
Interscapular.
Between
the
Intussusceptio.
Convolvulus
scapulae.
; the reception of
one
tion
por-
of intestine into another.
Iritis.
Inflammation
of the iris.
Difflcult urination.
Ischuria.
K
Kakotrophy.
Perverted
Lancing, piercing,darting.
Inflammation
of the larynx.
Lancinating.
Laryngitis.
Latent.
Lepra.
Lesion.
Concealed.
disease.
scalycutaneous
Injury; essential change.
A
Leucocyth/emia.
in the blood.
Lichen.
Lientery.
Lipoma.
Lithiasis.
Lochia.
Lumbago.
LuMBRicus.
nutrition.'
Excess
of colorless
or
white
corpuscles
papular disease of the skin.
Passage of undigestedfood through the bowels.
A fattytumor.
of stone
The formation
or
gravel.
The sero-sanguineous
dischargefollowingdelivery.
Rheumatism
of the lumbar
region.
A
A
long round
worm.
173
Lupus
of
the
skin, either
culous
tuber-
ulcerative.
or
portion of
fluid
The
Lymph.
affection
malignant
A
the
; the
;
the
puscles
cor-
also, the
inflammation,
during
fluid exuded
blood, without
lymphatic vessels
fluid of the
M
A
Macula.
spot
Bad
Malaria.
Mania.
stain.
or
poisonous air.
or
either
Derangement,
intellectual
emotional, or
or
both.
Wasting
Marasmus.
Matrix.
formative
A
Morbid
Melanosis.
Inflammation
Meningitis.
cavity.
or
of tissue
into,
of the brain.
of the membranes
Excessive
Menorrhagia.
of the
flow
menses.
Transformation.
Metamorphosis.
The
Metastasis.
part
transfer
of
a
disease
symptom
or
from
another.
to
Distention
Meteorism.
Marsh
Miasm.
receptivestructure
depositof,or conversion
or
pigment.
black
one
away.
of the
poison; the
local
alimentarycanal
cause
of
endemic
with
gas.
country
fevers.
microscopicvegetation.
a microscopic animalculae.
Resembling millet seed.
Microphyte.
A
Microzoon.
Miliary.
Modus
The
operandi.
be
minutest
The
Molecule.
of action
manner
particleinto
or
operation.
which
matter
can
divided.
Molluscum.
An
Multiform.
Having
Pain
Myalgia.
tubercular
uncommon
disease of the skin.
shapes.
many
(or soreness,
tenderness)in
one
or
more
muscles.
Myelitis.
Inflammation
Myeloid.
Resembling
Myocarditis.
the
spinalcord.
spinalmarrow.
Inflammation
of the muscular
of the
heart.
Myopia.
Near-sightedness.
tissue of the
174
N
Nebulous.
Cloudy.
Pain
Nephralgia.
in the
kidney.
of the kidney.
Inflammation
Nephritis.
Affectingthe
Nervine
Pain, the
Neuralgia.
system.
nervous
of which
seat
is
in
principally
the
nerves.
Neuroma.
A
morbid
Neurosis.
A
nervous
Nisus.
enlargementof
nerve.
a
affection.
Effort ; attempt ; active process.
Natural
Normal.
;
of
description
The
NosoGRAPHY.
regular: healthy.
diseases.
classification of diseases.
Nosology.
The
NosoPHYTE.
A
vegetationconnected
A
central
causative of
with, or
disease.
Nucleolus.
The
Nucleus.
granule or spot
body within a
central
within
a
cell ;
nucleus.
being itself,
hollow.
frequently,
O
OcTOHEDRAL.
poison.
Eight-sidcd.
Odontalgia.
Toothache.
Ochlesis.
Crowd
Swelling,from
CEdema."
watery
effusion
in
the
cellular
tissue.
Inflammation
Ophthalmia.
Opisthotonos.
OptimiSxM.
Organography.
Osteosarcoma.
Arching
Tendency to the
best possible
result.
Delineation
Cancerous
of the organs
tumor
in their
tion.
posi-
of
lime)
of bone.
Earache.
Otalgia.
Otitis.
of the eye.
of the body backwards.
Inflammation
of the
the
Discharge from
Otorrhcea.
Presence
OxALURiA.
in the urine.
of
ear.
oxalic
ear.
acid
(as oxalate
state, or with its chemical
Oxygen in the nascent
otherwise intensified (dynamized).
activity
Ozone.
P
Examination
Palpation.
Papula.
A
pimple.
(of the chest,etc.)by the
touch.
175
Tapping.
Paracentesis.
Paralysis.
Paraplegia.
Parenchyma.
formed
Parotitis.
Pathognomonic.
of
sensibility
; palsy.
of
or
power
Paralysisof the lower half of the body.
A
glandular or other organic structure,
chieflyof aggregatedcells.
Inflammation
of the parotidgland.
Positivelydistinctive or characteristic
certain disease.
a
Pathology.
The
characters
essential
seat, nature, and
of disease.
study of
and
laws
the
Membranous.
Pellicular.
Pemphigus.
Percept
of
Loss
eruption upon the skin.
Things perceived;impressionsupon
buUar
A
A.
the
senses
brain.
and
Inflammation
Pericarditis.
Peripheral.
Connected
Peritonitis.
Inflammation
of the
with
the surface
of the
Disturbance
Perturbation.
pericardium.
or
exterior.
peritoneum.
by
exterior
an
or
extrinsic
cause.
Petechite.
Small
Phlebitis,
Inflammation
Phlegmasia.
in
purple spots
of
a
or
under
the
skin.
vein.
inflammatory disease.
An
Inflammation.
Phlogosis.
Dread
Photophobia.
of
Photopsia.
Flashing of
Phrenitis.
Inflammation
Wasting.
Phthisis.
light.
lightbefore
the eyes.
of the brain.
Phthisis
pulmonalis,
pulmonary
sumption.
con-
Depraved appetite.
Pica.
Pityriasis.
disease
A
exfoliation
of minute
of
skin, accompanied by
the
the
scales.
Organizable fluid : liquorsanguinis.
Plasma.
red
blood.
Plethora.
Redundance
Pleuritis.
Pleurisy; inflammation of the pleura.
Neuralgicpain in the region of the pleura.
Pleurodynia.
Inflammation
Pleuro-pnuemonia.
and
of
involving both
the
lung
pleura.
Pleximeter.
An
stroke-measurer.
instrument
for
mediate
percussion
;
a
176
Pneumonia.
Inflammation
Pneumothorax.
of the
Accumulation
lung.
of air in the
the
cavityof
pleura.
Polydipsia.
Excessive
thirst.
PoLYSARCiA.
Obesity.
PoMPHOLYX.
A varietyof pemphigus.
PoRRiGo.
A parasitic
disease of the skin.
Post-organic.
Following organization; effete ; having
been organized,but no longer capable of vitalization.
Precordial.
Over or surrounding the heart.
Premonitory.
Warning ; threatening.
Prodromata.
Forerunning signsor symptoms.
Prognosis.
Foreknowledge.
Prophylactic.
Prurigo.
Preventive.
affection
An
itching,with
Pruritus.
the
of
little or
skin,characterized
by great
rash.
no
Itching.
Pseudo-membrane.
False
membrane
;
i.e. morbid
placed
mis-
or
coagulationor organizationof lymph.
Psora.
Itch.
Psoriasis.
A
Ptyalism.
Salivation.
Purpura.
scalydisease
hemorrhagic
A
Pyemia.
The
presence
Pyelitis.
Inflammation
Pyrexia.
Fever.
or
of the skin.
affection of the skin.
formation
of the
of pus
pelvisof
the
the influence
of
in the blood.
kidney
Q
Quininize.
To
place under
quinine.
R
Rabies
Rale.
Hydrophobia.
sound.
rattling
canina.
A
Ramule.
a
Rationale.
branch.
Explanation of
Recuperative.
Reflex.
small
initted
Regurgitant.
;
process
occurrence.
or
invigorating.
occurringunder the influence
Restorative
Reflected
a
excitation,as
Flowing
;
contrasted
or
with
a
of
a
trans-
direct stimulus.
escaping backward.
178
Hissing.
Sibilant.
Promotive
Soporific.
of
sleep.
Hydrceniia;poverty of blood.
Microscopicbodies found
Span^mia.
Spermatozoa.
fluid of the male.
in the
generative
Sloughing.
Sphacelus.
breathingpower by the
after a forced inspiration.
Sporadic.
Separate,independent,occasional ; not endemic
or
epidemic or contagious.
The
SpirometrYc
of
measurement
quantityof air exhaled
scale.
A
Squama.
Stagnation; arrest of movement.
of
Steatomatous.
principally
Fatty; consisting
Stasis.
Faecal.
Stercoraceous.
Stethometer.
chest
a
Stethoscope.
snoring.
and
Loud
Stertorous.
Sthenic.
measurer.
Possessed
of
or
of the mouth.
Strangury.
Dysuria,ischuria.
SuBCREPiTANT.
CrackHug, but
the crepitantrale ; being a
individual;
of the
identical
typically
with
sound.
coarser
the mind, brain,or other part
with objective^
i.e. of
contrasted
as
origin.
external
Jerkingof
Tendinum.
SuBSULTUS
wrist in low fever.
Succussion.
Minute
the breast
transparent vesicles,often
Promotive
Sudorific.
SuGGiLLATiON.
of the dead
of
seen
over
fevers.
perspiration.
Collection of blood
in spots under
the skin
body.
The
Suppuration.
in low
abdomen
or
the tendons; e.g. of the
shaking.
Sudden
SuDAMiNA,
Synurgic.
not
Originatingin
Subjective.
Synovia.
by vigorand activity.
attended
Inflammation
Syncope.
auscultation.
for mediate
tube used
A
Stomatitis.
Sycosis.
fat.
formation
of pus.
Mentagra.
Fainting;suspended animation.
fluid of the joints.
The
lubricating
Co-operative: working together.
of contraction of the heart and arteries ;
usuallyappliedto the contraction of the ventricles.
Systole.
The
act
179
Wasting; atrophy.
Tabes.
Tape-worm.
T^NiA.
Covering ; skin.
Straining;bearing down.
Tegument.
Tenesmus.
Experimental.
Tentative.
Tetanus.
of the
a
muscles,
and
77iateria medica
and
or
a tonic
therapeutics,
is
to
the
rigidity. In
a
ing
strengthen-
agency.
in
(Torulacerevisiae)
minute
vegetation,found
fermenting liquids.
Toxemia.
Blood-poisoning.
ToRULA.
A
Poisonous
Tracheitis.
Traumatic.
Passage
of fluid
Resulting from
Plica polonica.
Trichoma.
Trismus.
of the trachea.
Inflammation
Transudation.
The
depositionof
Tuberculosis.
The
Tumefaction.
Swelling.
Turgescence,
Tussive.
a
through the walls
wound
or
injury.
of vessels.
Lock-jaw.
Tuberculization.
with
with
Distention
tubercle.
of the tubercular
development
Distension
Connected
Tympanites.
cough.
of the abdomen
Representative
; characteristic.
Typhoid.
Resembling,
A
form
of low
diathesis.
fluid,usually with blood.
Typical.
Typhus.
applied
fixed
means
tagious
concapitis^
Griping pains.
Tormina.
Toxic.
Tinea
pathology, as
contraction
tonic
medicine
of the skin.
disease
ring-worm.
physiology
In
restorative; promotive
of disease.
cure
Porrigo ;
Tonic.
rigidity.
muscular
by
Sanative; medicinal;
Therapeutic.
Tinea.
characterized
disease
A
and
yet
not
continued
with
identical
fever.
air.
with, typhus.
i8o
U
XjRiEMiA.
The
urine
Urina
from
cibi
Urina
Chyli.
Urine
after
Urinometer
after
gravity
urine
of
latter,
the
constituents
of
kidneys.
of
food
chyle
or
i.e.,that
;
i.e. that
passed
used
by
;
to
distance
the
with
estimate
to
which
to
which
that
specific
the
it
smks
it will
m
smk
water.
Vaccinia.
Cow-pox;
Varicose.
Dilated;
vaccination.
enlarged.
Small-pox.
Variola.
Mild
Varioloid.
modified
or
supplied
Well
Vascular.
small-pox.
Verruca.
A
Vesication.
A
to
small
a
vein.
bladder.
of
a
blister.
blister.
Composed
Vesicular.
the
production
The
Vesicle.
from
wart.
Pertaining
Vesical.
blood-vessels.
with
Blood-letting
Venesection.
of,
or
resembling,
vesicles
or
small
cells.
Vibices
Vibrio.
or
Vicarious.
Vitiligo.
Volvulus.
in
sleep.
compared
as
blood;
the
of
instrument
An
the
in
Urine
morning
of
full meal.
a
Sanguinis.
the
blood
the
of the
vel
passed
in
presence
inaction
Large
A
spots
minute
of effused
animalcule,
blood
under
rarely found
cavities.
Substitutive.
Partial
discoloration
Intussusception.
of the
skin.
the
skm.
in animal
tissues