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CONSTRUCTION
&MATERIALS
CONCRETE
GÖKTUĞ TANRIVERDİ
NURCAN DOĞAN
CEREN BİRÖZ
ZEYNEP EYLÜL ERDEM
MİNE BEŞOĞUL
OUTLINE
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What is concrete?
Composition of concrete
Concrete production
Types of concrete
Precast concrete wall panels
Application proccess
Design flexibility
Benbefits of precast
OUTLINE
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Transparent and translucent concrete wall
How to paint a concrete wall?
Walls that look like concrete
Concrete countertops
Concrete floors
Acid-staining
Painting
Polishing
Radiant floor systems
CONCRETE
WHAT IS CONCRETE?
 Construction material
 Mixture of portland cement, water,
aggregates, and in some cases,
admixtures.
 The cement and water form a paste
that hardens and bonds the
aggregates together.
 Often looked upon as “man made
rock”.
 Versatile construction material,
adaptable to a wide variety of
agricultural and residential uses.
 Strong, durable, versatile, and
economical.
COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE
 Water
 Aggregates
 Chemical admixtures
 Cement
CONCRETE PRODUCTION
 This process develops physical and chemical properties
like mechanical strength, low moisture permeability,
and chemical and volumetric stability.
A properly proportioned concrete mix will provide
 Mixing concrete
 Workability
 Curing
MIXING CONCRETE
 Essential for
I. The production of uniform
concrete,
II. High quality concrete.
 Equipment and methods
should be capable
of effectively mixing
WORKABILITY
 The ease with which freshly
mixed concrete can be placed
and finished without
segregation.
 Difficult to measure but
ready-mix companies usually
have experience in
determining the proper mix.
 Important to accurately
describe what the concrete is
to be used for, and how it will
be placed.
CURING
 Concrete that has been
specified, batched, mixed,
placed, and finished "letterperfect" can still be a failure
if improperly or
inadequately cured.
 Usually the last step in a
concrete project and,
unfortunately, is often
neglected even by
professionals.
CURING
 Curing has a major influence on the properties of
hardened concrete such as durability, strength, water tightness, wear resistance, volume stability, and
resistance to freezing and thawing.
 Proper concrete curing for agricultural and residential
applications involves keeping newly placed concrete
moist and avoiding temperature extremes (above 90 °F
or below 50°F) for at least three days.
 A seven-day (or longer) curing time is recommended.
CURING
 The best curing method depends on:
 Cost,
 Application equipment required,
 Materials available,
 Size and shape of the concrete surface.
 Prevent the loss of the mixing water from concrete by
sealing the surface.
 Can be done by:
 Covering the concrete with impervious paper or plastic
sheets,
 Applying membrane-forming curing compounds .
CURING
 Begin the curing as soon
as the concrete has
hardened sufficiently to
avoid erosion or other
damage to the freshly
finished surface.
 Usually within one to two
hours after placement and
finishing.
TYPES OF CONCRETE
Regular concrete
High-strength concrete
Stamped concrete
High-performance concrete
Self-consolidating concretes
Vacuum concretes
Shotcrete
Pervious concrete
Cellular concrete,
Cork-cement composites
Roller-compacted concrete
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Glass concrete
Asphalt concrete
Rapid strength concrete
Rubberized concrete
Polymer concrete
Geopolymer or green concrete
Limecrete
Refractory Cement
Concrete cloth
Innovative mixtures
Gypsum concrete
PRECAST CONCRETE
WALL PANELS
INTRODUCTION
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Introductions
Design Flexibility of Wall Panels
Benefits of Precast
Conclusion
CARBON FIBER GRID REINFORCED
PRECAST CONCRETE
 The problem of corrosion in precast concrete is often attributed to the steel rebar
r e i n f o r c e me n t ; s t e e l b e i n g a c o r r o d i bl e ma t e r i a l , i t i s e s p e c i a l l y v u l n e r a b l e d u r i n g t h e
c u r i n g a n d d r yi n g p r o c e s s , w h e n i t i s l o c k e d i n t o a n e n v i r o n me n t t h a t i s v e r y w e t .
A l t u s Gr o u p , a n a t i on a l o rg a n i z a t i o n c o mp o s e d o f 1 3 p r e c a s t c o mp a n i e s , a n d C h o ma r a t ,
a producer of carbon fiber grids, answered by replacing the steel rebar in concrete with
a carbon fiber grid. The grid is thinner and lighter than the steel, and it requires less
c o n c r e t e t o c o v e r i t . T h e r e s u l t : t h i n ne r, l i g h t e r p a n e l s ( u p t o 7 5 p e r c e n t l i g h t e r
a r c h i t e c t ur a l w a l l p a n e l s ) a n d i n c r e a s e d i n s u l a t io n , b e c a u s e t h e c a r b o n f i b e r d o e s n ' t
c o n d u c t h e a t o r c o l d . T h i s n e w ma t e r i a l a l r e a d y h a s b e e n u s e d i n a r c h i t e c t u r a l a n d
i n s u l a t e d s a n d wi c h w a l l p a n e l s .
 T h e j u r y w i s h e d t h a t t h e s u b mi s s i o n h a d i n c l u de d mo r e i n f o r ma t i on o n t e s t i n g d o n e
d u r i n g t h e p r o d u c t - d e v e l o p me n t p r o c e s s , a s w e l l a s o n t h e l i f e c yc l e b e n e f i ts .
U l t i ma t e l y, t h e y d e c i d e d t o c i t e t h e p r o d u c t b e c a u s e o f i t s p o t e n t i a l f o r r e v o l u t i o n iz i n g
t h e u s e o f c o n c r e t e , o n e o f t h e mo s t u b i q u i t o us ma t e r i a l s i n c o n s t r u c t io n t o d a y.
 “F r o m a n e n g i n e e r i n g s t a n d p o in t , a s t r u c t u r a l s t a n d p o i n t, ” s a i d B l a i n e B r o w n e l l , “t h e
f a c t t h a t yo u c a n u s e l e s s ma t e r i a l ma k e s i t p a r t o f t h e t r a j e c t o r y o f d o i n g mo r e w i t h
l e s s , w h i c h h a s a n e n v i r on me n t a l a s p e c t t o i t a s w e l l a s a t r e n d o f h yb r i d i z a t i on — o f
u s i n g d i ff e r e n t t yp e s o f ma t e r i a l s t o ma k e a s u m t h a t ' s g r e a t e r t h a n t h e p a r t s . ” T h e j u r y
a l s o a p p r e c i a t e d t h e p r o d u c t ' s s i mp l i c i t y. “I f o u n d i t p r e t t y i n t e r e s t i n g a s a n e w
t e c h n ol o g y, a n d o n e w h i c h mi g h t b e r e a l l y v e r y h e l p f u l , ” s a i d A n d r e s L e p i k . “S o me b o d y
h a d a v e r y s i mp l e , b a s i c , a n d s t r o n g i d e a . ”
PROCCESS
 1)Carbon Fiber
Grid Reinforced
Precast Concrete
Panel By using a
carbon fiber grid
instead of steel
rebar as support for
its precast panels,
AltusGroup is able
to manufacture a
lighter and thinner
panel than those
made of traditional
precast concrete.
PROCCESS
 2)Insulated Wall Panel The product
has been used in insulated wall
panels and allows for thinner wall
sections and better thermal
performance, as the carbon fiber grid
doesn't conduct heat or cold.
PROCESS
 3)The grid is embedded
in liquid concrete like
traditional steel rebar.
But instead of corroding
on contact with the
liquid, creating the
potential for cracks or
breaks, the grid is
nonreactive.
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
 Limited Only by Your Imagination
 Aesthetics, cost and speed of installation – pick any two. That’s
the usual choice owners and architects face when considering
building materials for their construction projects.
 Precast concrete wall panels, however, make all of these
available by offering design flexibility, time savings and
improved profitability.
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
 Limited Only by Your Imagination
 Nearly everywhere you look, new office buildings, hospitals,
schools, parking garages, shopping centers and apartments are
taking shape as cities continue to expand.
 These and other structures look fantastic clad in precast concrete
wall panels, which offer a limitless variety of shapes, styles and
colors.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Aesthetically Pleasing
 Precast panels can be
produced in virtually any
color and a wide variety
of finishes to achieve the
desired appearance.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Aesthetically Pleasing
 Finishes commonly available are:
Smooth-as-cast
Textured form liner
Exposed aggregate
Sand blast
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Superior Strength and Durability
 Strength gradually increases over time.
• Exterior cladding panels can easily be designed to handle
structural building loads, thereby reducing the need for other
structural components.
• Does not deteriorate, experience creep and stress relaxation, lose
strength and/or deflect over time.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Safety and Protection
• Precast concrete provides excellent protection against impacts
from explosions, vehicles and projectiles.
• Precast concrete wall panels have passed tornado/hurricane
impact testing, giving owners an added level of safety assurance in
areas prone to severe weather.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Ease of Installation
 Precast concrete panels have a
distinct advantage over other
materials such as brick, concrete
masonry, castin-place concrete and
EIFS.
 Because precast panels are
manufactured well in advance of
installation, they are ready for
transportation to the job site at a
moment’s notice.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Ease of Installation
• Most panels include embedded
connections hardware so they can
be erected onto a steel frame
quickly with a limited installation
crew.
• Projects utilizing precast can
save weeks or months over other
materials.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Consistent Quality
• Because precast concrete products are typically produced in a
controlled plant environment, they exhibit high quality and
uniformity.
• Problems affecting quality typically found on a job site –
temperature, curing conditions, craftsmanship and material quality
– are nearly eliminated in a plant environment.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Reduced Weather Dependency
• Precast concrete increases operating efficiency, because weather
will not delay production.
• Weather conditions have a reduced effect on the schedule
because precast requires less time to install than alternative
methods such as cast-in-place and EIFS.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Environmentally Friendly
• Besides water, concrete is the
most frequently used material on
earth.
• It is nontoxic, environmentally
safe and composed of natural
materials.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Weather and UV Resistance
• Precast concrete is well-suited for all types of weather
conditions.
• In regions with regular freeze-thaw cycles, the mix can be
designed to withstand damage.
• Precast concrete does not degrade from exposure to sunlight.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Energy Savings
• Precast concrete has excellent
R-value insulation properties,
which can be enhanced with
embedded Styrofoam (sandwich
panels).
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Modularity
• Because of the modular nature of precast concrete products,
buildings of nearly any size can be accommodated.
• Precast products are designed and manufactured for simple
connection to reduce installation time.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Availability
• With hundreds of manufacturers throughout North America,
precast concrete wall panels can be ordered from most cities and
regions.
• Products are made in advance and readily available when needed
at the job site.
• Ensures a competitive market and a ready supply.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Efficiency
• Precast products arrive at the
job site ready to install.
• No waste in the time schedule
for cast-in-place work, laying of
masonry products or EIFS
installation.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Low Maintenance
• Precast concrete requires little or no maintenance, which makes
it the ideal choice for nearly any design solution.
• Other products, such as EIFS, may require repair after severe
weather or impact.
BENEFITS OF PRECAST
 Economical
• Precast concrete wall panels
offer lower long-term costs when
compared with other materials.
• Ease of installation, reduction
in overall project timeline and
total flexibility in design make
precast the economical solution.
CONCLUSION
• Precast concrete is
the material of choice
for the cladding of
buildings and parking
structures.
HOW TO PAINT A CONCRETE WALL
STEP 1
 Choose paint for your project.Select paint appropriate for your
outdoor project. You will need a paint that is resistant to moisture
and sun exposure. Outdoor concrete paint is available for outdoor
projects. However, an oil -based paint also may work for your
needs.
 Pick a paint for your indoor paint project. Basement concrete
paint is available in many paint and home improvement stores,
however you also can use an interior acrylic paint for the project.
STEP 2
 Clean the concrete wall. For exterior projects, use a power
washer to rid the wall of all dirt and dust. If your project is
indoors, scrub the wall with soapy water and a scrub brush
instead of using a power washer.
STEP 3
 Repair any cracks or blemishes in your wall with concrete
patch. Follow the directions to mix up the concrete patch
mixture. Fill holes and use a trowel to smooth the patch to match
the surface of the wall.
STEP 4
 Check the wall for moisture. Paint applied to a wall that is not
properly sealed will not adhere properly. Tape plastic sheeting to
the wall. Attempt to get the sheeting as air -tight as possible.
 Check the plastic after 24 hours. If moisture appears within the
plastic, you will need to seal the wall. If no moisture is present,
the wall is already sealed.
STEP 5
 Seal the concrete wall. Roll on 1 coat of concrete sealer and
allow it to dry overnight. Concrete sealer is available at most
hardware or home improvement stores.
STEP 6
 Apply 1 coat of concrete primer. You can use rollers or brushes
to apply the paint. Ensure the primer is applied evenly, whichever
technique you use. Let it dry for 24 hours. If you can see the wall
through the primer, apply 1 more coat
STEP 7
 Paint your wall with concrete paint. Paint should be applied in
at least 3 thin layers. The paint may be sprayed on, rolled on or
painted on with a brush. The paint should not be streaky or show
brush strokes. Allow to dry for 24 hours.
STEP 8
 Roll on concrete paint sealer. Cover with 2 coats, allowing it to
dry between coats. Paint sealer helps the paint to adhere to the
wall and last longer.
WALLS THAT LOOK LIKE CONCRETE
 It has so many
advantages.Firstly it
does not load to
building and there is
no earthquake risk
thanks to it's
lightweight.
 Artificial concrete wall has water resistance so it is applied
outdoor and interiror.It has real texture and view.130 cm (H) x
285 cm in size and consists of plates can be cut to desired
size.The plate thickness of only 3 mm.Raw Material; Fiberglass,
Concrete Powder, Mastic.Very Light;Average 5 kg / m².
ADVANTAGES
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Practice:It Is mounted with screws directly.
Mutable: you can cut with a diamond saw or jigsaw.
Functional: Unlimited usage area.
Charge: Maintenance and cleaning does not want, can be washed.
Robust: Shock resistant.
Flexible: Oval and round surfaces can be applied.
Flame Resistant: Flammability and ignition feature to have.
Impressive: a visually stunning.
Healthy: Odorless, not carcinogenic.
LOOKING CONCRETE PLASTER
 It Can be easily applied with a trowel and venues concrete
aesthetic appearance is gained.It can be applied on gypsum
plaster, plasterboard, plywood and painted surfaces fixed.
 It is durable because of it has water resistance.I has been very
important decorative material for interior architectures.
Plaster ceiling nicely for the better look
 Concrete plaster can be in harmony with glass, wood and metal.
 Application surface must be
cleaned from adhesion of
dust dirt and grease.Old
blistered coatings must be
completely cleaned and dry.
The building is all about
isolation precautions should
be taken with water. Old
synthetic-based surfaces
thoroughly with emery
paper, the surface must be
removed.
 After the primer has
dried,plaster should be spread
evenly on the surface with a
trowel. Drying time is about
2-3 days .
Application of lining
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTPQK6Cx
nUo
TRANSPARENT CONCRETE
Transparent concrete is a
concrete based building material
with light-Tran missive
properties due to embedded light
optical elements usually Optical
fibres. Light is conducted
through the stone from one end
to the other. Therefore the fibres
have to go through the whole
object. Transparent concrete is
also known as the translucent
concrete and light transmitting
concrete because of its
properties. It is used in fine
architecture as a facade material
and for cladding of interior
walls.
PRINCIPLES
 Transparent concrete or
translucent concrete works
based on "Nano-Optics".
 These fibres passes as much
light when tiny slits are placed
directly on top of each
other.Hence optical fibers in
the concrete act like the slits
and carry the light across
throughout the concrete.
MATERIAL USED FOR TRANSPARENT
CONCRETE
 There are two basic materials used for making transparent
concrete
1.Fine Concrete
2.Optical Fibres
 -An optical fiber is a hair thin cylindrical fiber of glass or any
transparent dielectric medium.
 -The fiber which are used for optical communication are wave
guides made of transparent dielectrics.
 -Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over long
distances.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 The manufactuing process of
transparent concrete is almost same
as regular concrete.
 Small layers of the concrete are
poured into the mould and top of
ech layers, a layer of fibres is
infused.
 Fabric and concrete are alternately
inserted into moulds at intervals of
approximetly 2mm to 5mm.
 Light transmitting concrete is
produced by adding 4% to 5%
optical fibres by volume into the
concrete mixture.
 The concrete mixture is made from
fine materials only it does not
contain coarse aggregate. Thickness
of the optical fibers can be varied
between 2 μm and 2 mm to suit the
particular requirements of light
transmission .
APPLICATIONS
 Transparent concrete blocks
suitable for floors, pavements
and load-bearing walls.
 Facades, interior wall cladding
and dividing walls based on thin
panels.
 Partitions wall and it can be
used where the sunlight does not
reach properly.
 In furniture for the decorative
and aesthetic purpose.
 Light sidewalks at night.
 Increasing visibility in dark
subway stations.
 Lighting indoor fire escapes, in
the event of a power failure.
 Illuminating speed bumps on
roadways at night.
ADVANTAGES-DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
 Energy saving can be done by utilization of transparent concrete
in building.
 It has very good architectural properties for giving good
aesthetical view to the building .
Disadvantages
 The concrete is very costly because of the optical fibres.
 Casting of transparent concrete block is difficult for the labour so
special skilled person is required.
CONCLUSION
Transparent concrete can be developed
by adding optical fibre or large
diameter glass fibre in the concrete
mixture. The transparent concrete has
good light guiding property and the
ratio of optical fibre volume to concrete
is proportion to transmission. The
transparent concrete not looses the
strength parameter when compared to
regular concrete and also it has very
vital property for the aesthetical point
of view. It can be used for the best
architectural appearance of the
building. Also used where the light
cannot reach with appropriate intensity.
This new kind of building materialcan
integrate the concept of green energy
saving with the usage self-sensing
properties of functional materials.
COUNTERTOPS
How to Make Concrete Countertops
STEP 1
 Build the Form
 The form, or the mold, is what holds the concrete into place
while it sets and dries. You will want to use a particle board
product called melamine to build this. The melamine has a
plastic coating on it, which will allow you to pull it away from
the concrete after it dries without any chipping. Any bare
wooden surfaces that may be exposed to concrete should be
covered with electrician's tape to make sure that they pull
away from the concrete easily as well.
STEP 2
 Creating the Opening for the Sink
 Use a piece of Styrofoam as a placeholder for the sink
opening. The sink itself can serve as a template, and you can
cut the foam to the exact size of the opening that you will
need. Caulk the bottom side of the foam board to create a
tight seal and then screw it into place. Once that is secure,
set a small system of wire mesh into place to reinforce the
concrete that you are about to pour.
STEP 3
 Mix the Base Layer of Concrete
 Using a quick drying concrete mix, prepare the concrete in a
wheelbarrow. Add water slowly as you hand mix it, making
sure that you don't get the mixture too wet. Once it is ready to
go, you can roll the wheelbarrow right inside to where you are
building the countertop. This will save a lot of trips in and out
with buckets of heavy, wet, concrete. Shovel the mixture into
the form, and use a wooden float to compact it into a level,
base layer of concrete.
STEP 4
 Prepare the Top Coat of Concrete
 This is the batch of concrete that will determine your counter
top's color and features. Begin with a base of the same quick
drying cement mix that you used for the base layer. For this
project, we also added marble sand, white portland cement,
mineral pigments, and black slag. Each of these products
creates an additional layer to the beauty and final appearance
of the top coat.
STEP 5
 Create the Finished Edges
 Using water, thin some of the top coat concrete even further
and use it to finish the exposed edges. These are the areas
around the perimeter of the top, as well as around the sink
cut out. The thinned product will be easier to work with to
create smooth edges, and will be easier to float the slag into
a smooth surface. Use a hammer to lightly strike the edges of
the form during this step. The blows will force any air bubbles
around the edge to the surface. A tool called a jitterbug can
also be used to bring the cream to the top. This will make the
process of creating a smooth top much easier.
STEP 6
 Finish the Concrete Counter Top as it Dries
 About an hour after using the jitterbug, check the concrete to
see how it is drying. If you poke a finger onto the surface and
it leaves a peak, then it is not ready yet. If, however, it just
leaves a fingerprint, then you can begin working with a trowel
to smooth the surface even further. This process should be
repeated several times over the next few hours as the
concrete dries.
 http://www.ronhazelton.com/projects/how_to_make_a_concrete_c
ounter_top_in_place
CONCRETE INTERIOR FLOORS
Decorative concrete in all of its stained, colored, painted, and
personalized glory is popping up in retail stores, trendy restaurants,
offices, and homes everywhere. Whether it's acid -stained, painted,
overlays, microtoppings, radiant floors, or a unique personal floor,
concrete offers a range unlike any other material.
What is the advantages?
SUSTAINABILITY
Concrete floors are a sustainable option if
you use an existing concrete slab,
avoiding the consumption of new
materials.
Once the concrete is sanded down and
polished or sealed, it looks perfectly
refined in a traditional kitchen or living
room, especially when layered with
oriental rugs and pretty furnishings and
fixtures.
EASY CARE
The only maintenance required of concrete
floors is weekly mopping with soapy water.
And it will make your choice look
finished and intentional.
ECONOMICAL
The cost of concrete floors is very
low, about $2 to $6 per square foot
to polish a plain gray slab, giving it
a lustrous sheen. The concrete's
tonal differences, subtle cracks and
aggregates take on a stonelike,
natural feel. An acrylic sealer could
be used in the interior application to
give it that wet look. In the range of
$7 to $15 and up per square foot,
you can get highly decorative faux
finishes, such as a marbled effect.
LONGEVITY
A floor that has been polished and
maintained can be expected to last a
hundred years or more.
In this home, let's appreciate how an aged
and cracked concrete floor was not hidden
under new tiles or carpet.
Instead it is celebrated for the history it
holds, and has been put on display along
with other architecturally salvaged
materials.
VERSATILITY
For exterior applications, silicone-based
penetrating sealers can be used to avoid the wet
look. We can see here how concrete is a good
flooring material for indoor-outdoor transitions.
Concrete also looks nice with actual
stone veneer walls. It accentuates their
rustic appeal.
Concrete can be an economical and crafty choice
in lieu of salvaged wood flooring. Stamping wet
concrete with plank-like wood-grain imprints
creates a lovely effect.
TYPES OF CONCRETE FLOOR
APPLICATIONS
STAINED CONCRETE
STAMPED CONCRETE
DECORATIVE CONCRETE OVERLAYS
POLISHED CONCRETE
STAINED CONCRETE - THE ART OF ACIDETCH STAINING
Acid-based chemical stains and water -based acrylics.
Acid stains are a mix tu re of water, hydrochlo ric acid and acid -so lub le metallic
salts.
They work by penetrating the surface and reacting chemically with the hydrated
lime in the concrete.
The acid in the stain lightly etches the surface, allowing the metallic salts to
penetrate more easily.
Once the stain reacts, it beco mes a perman en t part of the concrete and won't
fade, chip off or peel away.
The palette for acid -etch staining is generally limited to earthy tones, such as
tans, browns, terra cottas and soft blue -green s
Can be applied to new or old and plain or integrally colored concrete.
They are especially effectiv e for revitalizin g dull, lackluster surfaces.
Because they penetrate the concrete surface, most stains have excellen t UV
stability and wear resistan ce, permitting their use on interio r or exterio r
concrete.
STEP 1
Clean the concrete bed
thoroughly.
Make sure the surface
on which the stain will
be applied is clean, free
from unwanted defects,
stains, and markings,
and is ready for
coloration.
STEP 2
Do a test in an
inconspicuous spot.
Because acid stains
react differently to each
type of surface to
which they are applied
it is imperative that a
sample is done on the
actual concrete or
surface that is going to
receive the treatment.
STEP 3
Be creative. Applying
acid stain is a
functional as well as
artistic exercise. When
applying the stain it is
necessary to understand
the technique as well as
how much to apply.
Every now and then
potentially great jobs
turn into a disaster
because of improper
application methods.
STEP 4
Clean up. Remove the
acid residue and
neutralize the surface.
This is of key
importance to the
success of and acid
stained concrete finish.
Residue from the
concrete acid etching
must be removed and
the surface neutralized
to ensure proper
adhesion of the sealant
or coating system.
STEP 5
Allow to dry. Once the
concrete is sufficiently
dry, a sealant of coating
should be applied. This is
usually the last stage of
installation but must be
done right, as an
improperly applied sealer
system can show roller
lines, leave lint and debris
in the finish, or delaminate
or flake off the surface.
Application techniques
include spraying, cross
hatch rolling, back rolling,
and buffing in the case of
a wax finish.
STEP 5
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoI1o4yNZYM
Be realistic.There is a lot
of work that goes into a
stained concrete finish,
but like anything else,
practice makes perfect. If
you choose to hire a
professional to do the
work, make sure you
choose someone who has
the skills and abilities
that match the level of
difficulty of the job at
hand. Visit past jobs they
have done, and talk to
some of the owners of
the floors.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYSr6Jk1hNM
STAMPED CONCRETE
Stamp ed concrete, often called textured or imp r in ted concret e
Concrete that replicates stones such as slate and flagstone, tile, brick and even
wood.
Ideal for beautifying pool decks, driveways, entries, courtyards, and patios,
stamp ed concrete is the perfect outdoor paving choice.
Creating a cost-eff ectiv e replica of more expensive materials, without giving up
a natural, authentic look.
Even in comp lex designs with steps and fountains, patterns can be still be
pressed into the concrete .
Popular patterns include running bond brick, hexagonal tile, worn rock or stone.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SixcCF48AhI
DECORATIVE CONCRETE OVERLAYS
Want to permanently cover up surface imperfections in existing concrete?
Cement-based overlays have been around for decades, many of today's
systems blend polymer resins with cement, sand, and other additives to
improve performance, wear resistance, and aesthetic qualities.
Polymer-modified overlays can be applied in layers as thin as a credit
card or up to several inches thick without delamination or failure.
They adhere well to existing concrete and resist damage from salt,
chemicals, UV exposure, freeze -thaw conditions, and abrasion.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYSr6Jk1hN
M
POLISHED CONCRETE
Polished concrete is fast beco ming the ultimate no -wax flooring material. Thanks
to recent advances in polishing equip men t and techniques, contracto rs are now
grinding concrete floor surfaces, whether new or old, to a high -gloss finish that
never needs waxes or coatings.
Polished concrete flooring as an altern ativ e to marb le, granite, tile, linoleu m, or
coated concrete. Even homeo wn ers are catchin g on to the appeal of these smooth,
high-luster floors, which can be stained to replicate the look of polished stone.
Because polishing is a multistep process, you can choose the level of sheen -- from
satin to high -gloss -- that meets your main ten an ce and aesthetic requiremen ts. This
versatility makes polished concrete an ideal flooring material for a variety of
application s.
Plus get popular design options for polished concrete, including coloring with
stains and dyes, decorative engraving, and stenciled graphics. Find ideas for
achieving interesting decorative effects by applying multip le colors of dye and
using faux -finish ing techniques.
Cleaning and main tain ing polished concrete, how to imp rov e the slip -resistan ce of
polished concrete floors and the environ men tally friendly attribu tes of polished
concrete.
RADIANT FLOOR SYSTEMS
If you're entertaining the thought
of an interior concrete floor, but
are reluctant because of the
“cold” factor, then a radiant floor
heating system is the answer for
you.
A radiant floor heating system
"radiates" heat from the floor and
delivers the heat evenly
throughout the rooms.
ADVANTAGES
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Silent operation.
No hum or whistle of a forced air system.
You don't see vents or hear air blowing.
Energy savings.
Distributed heat from a radiant floor heating system can allow the
thermostat to be set two to four degrees less than in a forced air heating
system.
Can reduce energy costs by 10 to 40 percent.
A healthier home.
Forced air systems can spread dust, pollen, and germs.
Radiant heat is less likely to dry out your breathing passages and skin.
REFERANCES
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION 
Simple question about our presentation.
1. What is the composition of concrete?
2. What is the purpose of curing?
3. How can we paint a concrete wall?
4. How to make a concrete countertop?
5. What are the types of concrete floor
applications?