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Reading Chinese Credentials
NAFSA Region III
Fort Worth, TX
November 4, 2014
Karen Krug, Presenter (ECE)
Peggy Bell Hendrickson, Chair (Transcript Research)
Download a copy of this presentation at
https://www.ece.org/presentations
Introduction
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Quick Facts
Population: 1,355,692,576 (July 2014 est ., from CIA World Factbook)
Languages: Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua, based on Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese),
Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects,
minority languages.
Geography: 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities
Provinces:
Anhui 安徽
Hebei 河北
Jiangxi 江西
Shanxi 山西
Fujian 福建
Heilongjiang 黑龙江 Jilin 吉林
Sichuan 四川
Gansu 甘肃
Henan 河南
Liaoning 辽宁
Yunnan 云南
Guangdong 广东
Hubei 湖北
Qinghai 青海
Zhejiang 浙江
Guizhou 贵州
Hunan 湖南
Shaanxi 陕西
(China considers Taiwan 台湾
Hainan 海南
Jiangsu 江苏
Shandong 山东
its 23rd province)
Autonomous regions:
Guangxi 广西
Ningxia 宁夏
Xinjiang 新疆
Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) 内蒙古
Xizang (Tibet) 西藏
Municipalities:
Beijing 北京, Chongqing 重庆, Shanghai 上海, Tianjin 天津
Special administrative regions: Hong Kong 香港, Macau 澳门
Reading Numbers and Dates
Simplified
Simplified Traditional
O
一
二
三
四
五
六
七
八
九
十
零
壹
贰
叁
肆
伍
陆
柒
捌
玖
拾
Zero
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten
十一
二十
年
月
日
生
自
至
Eleven
Twenty
Year
Month
Day
Born
Since, from
To, until
Example: 一九六一年十二月六日生
1961, December 6, born
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Practice Reading Numbers
Year
Date of Birth
Month
Dates of Enrollment
Official Program
Duration
Official Program
Duration
Date of Issue
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6
More Practice with Numbers
Date of birth
Dates of enrollment
Official program duration
Date of issue
Documentation Types
毕业证书 Certificate of Graduation
毕业文凭 Certificate of Graduation (older certificates)
结业证书 Certificate of Completion
学位证书 Degree Certificate
在读证明 Confirmation of current enrollment
成绩单 / 成绩表 Transcript
学习成绩 or 学生成绩 Academic / Student Record
考试成绩 Examination Results
公证书 Notary Public Certificate - unofficial
认证报告 Credentials Report from China Academic Degrees & Graduation
Education Development Centre
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Sample Graduation Certificate
Graduation Certificate
Permitted to
graduate
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9
Sample Degree Certificate
Bachelor
Bachelor
Degree certificate
Arts
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Which is which?
1
2
Completion Certificate vs.
Graduation Certificate
Graduation Certificate
Completion
Certificate
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Reading Chinese Names
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毛泽东
Mao Ze Dong
Family Name:
Always first.
Almost always one character
(rarely two).
Given Name:
Always after family name.
May be one or two (rarely three) characters.
May be romanized as one word
(Zedong) or two (Ze Dong).
Additional notes on names:
• Minority ethnic groups may have different naming customs (for example,
longer family names).
• Chinese women do not take their husband’s family name when they marry.
• Children will have their father’s family name.
• There is a limited number of family names, so it is very common for more than
one person to have exactly the same name.
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20 Common Chinese Family Names
李
王
张
刘
陈
杨
赵
黄
周
吴
Lǐ
Wáng
Zhāng
Liú
Chén
Yáng
Zhào
Huáng
Zhōu
Wú
徐
孙
胡
朱
高
林
何
郭
马
罗
Xú
Sūn
Hú
Zhū
Gāo
Lín
Hé
Guō
Mǎ
Luó
List of 100 most common Chinese family names:
http://www.mandarinhouse.com/100-common-chinese-family-names
Reading Institution Names (1)
Institution types:
大学 university
学院 college, institute, academy
学校 school
专业学校
specialty school, specialized school
中学
middle school
– 初中 lower middle school, junior middle
– 高中
upper middle school, senior middle
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Reading Institution Names (2)
Selected institutional areas of study:
师范
Teacher Training / Normal
医 / 医科
Medical
中医
Traditional Chinese Medicine
外贸
Foreign Trade
外语/外国语/语言 Foreign Language/Language
工 / 理工
Engineering / Polytechnic
科技
Science and Technology
技术
Technology
体育
Sports
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Geographic Terms
• 华 China (in reference to the Chinese nation, used in institution
names to refer to China)
• 中国 China (name of the country)
•
•
•
•
•
中
东
南
西
北
Center/Central
East/Eastern
South/Southern
West/Western
North/Northern
•
•
•
•
•
省
市
县
镇
区
Province
City/Municipality
Village/Town/County
Village
District
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Reading Institution Names
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Location
(or Proper Name and/or
Ordinal Number)
Examples:
华东 师范
南京 理工
福建 医科
北京 体育
南京 第五
Area of study
大学
大学
大学
大学
中学
Specialization
Institution type
East China Normal University
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Fujian Medical University
Beijing Sports University
Nanjing No. 5 Secondary School
List of Chinese Higher Education Institutions in English from the MOE website:
http://www.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/moe_2812/200906/48836.html
Reading Institutional Seals
E.g. Xuzhou Normal University, College of Marxism
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Sample Institutional Seals
河南 Henan
大学 University
北京 Beijing
师范 Normal
大学 University
北京市 Beijing City
第六十五 No. 65
中学
Middle School
教务处 Academic Affairs Office
Reading Credential Terminology (1)
Personal Information:
Program Information:
学生
Student
学号
Student Number
姓名
Name
性别
Gender
岁
Age
男
Male
女
Female
出生(日期 ) Date of Birth
初中
Junior/lower secondary
高中
Senior/upper secondary
中等
Secondary level
中等专业 Specialized/vocational secondary
高等
Higher/tertiary level
专科
Lower level undergrad (zhuanke)
本科
Upper level undergrad (benke)
研究生 Graduate
学士学位 Bachelor's degree
硕士学位 Master's degree
博士学位 Doctoral degree
系
专业
入学
毕业
学习
自学
Department
Major, specialty
Enrolled, Enrollment
Graduated, Graduation
Studied, Study
Self-Study
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Secondary School Graduation Certificate
1
2
[NAME]
3
4
5
6
7
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Bachelor’s Degree 2008-present format
1
[NAME]
2
5
4
3
6
7
7
8
9
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Program Level
Secondary Terminology:
中学
Secondary school
初中， 初级中 Junior/lower secondary
高中， 高级中 Senior/upper secondary
中等
Secondary level
中等专业
Specialized/vocational secondary
职业中
Vocational secondary
Tertiary Terminology:
高等
Higher, tertiary level
专科
Lower level undergrad (zhuanke)
本科
Upper level undergrad (benke)
研究生
Graduate
学士学位
Bachelor's degree
硕士学位
Master's degree
博士学位
Doctoral degree
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Middle School Samples
Junior Secondary
Senior
Secondary
Middle
school
(Secondary)
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Which is which?
1
2
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Secondary vs. Tertiary (1)
Tertiary Level
Vocational Senior Secondary
Graduate Level
Senior Secondary
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Secondary vs. Tertiary (2)
Secondary Specialized
University
Specialty:
Social Work
Benke (Undergraduate)
Specialty:
Medicine
(Healer)
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Which is which?
1
2
Short-cycle zhuanke programs
专科
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• based on completed senior secondary school
• two to three years (all lower level)
• offered by junior colleges and degree-granting institutions
(universities and colleges)
• Completion of a zhuanke program leads to the award of a
Graduation Certificate (毕业证书) only, no degree certificate
• Some zhuanke programs are 5 years in length – those
programs refer to a combined secondary-undergraduate type
of program, that incorporates 3 years of secondary work + 2
years of undergraduate work
Long-cycle benke programs
本科
• based on completed senior secondary school
• minimum of four years duration (full program)
• graduates of zhuanke programs are typically admitted into the
upper division (3rd) year of a benke program for a duration of 2
to 3 years (upgrade programs)
• completion of a benke program of study leads to the award of a
Graduation Certificate (毕业证书) and, if all requirements have
been met, to the award of a Bachelor’s Degree（学士学位）
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Zhuanke to Benke Upgrade Programs
• Zhuanke to Benke programs (“Upgrade” Programs)
– 专升本，独立本科段，专科起点本科
• based on a completed zhuanke program
• usually last for 2 years (full-time)
• completion of the program leads to the award of a
Graduation Certificate (毕业证书) and , if all
requirements have been met, to the award of a Bachelor’s
Degree（学士学位）
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Zhuanke Graduation Certificates
Zhuanke
Official program duration
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Benke Graduation and Degree Certificates
Bachelor
Arts
Benke
4 years
Name of degree
Official program duration
Bachelor, Master, Doctor
Graduation Certificates
Master
Doctor
Bachelor
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Bachelor, Master, Doctor
Degree Certificates
Bachelor
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Master
Arts
Arts
Doctor
Science
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Chinese Degree Categories
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Philosophy 哲学
Economics 经济学
Law 法学
Education 教育学
(since 1981)
Arts 文学
History 史学
Science 理学
Technology/Engineering 工学
Agriculture 农学
Medicine 医学
Management 管理学 (since 1997)
Military Science 军事学 (since 1983)
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Full-Time vs. Part-Time
Full-time programs
Part-time programs
全日 Full-time
业余 Spare-time
(全)脱产 Off-job
半脱产 Half- off-job
夜大 Night-time
函授 Correspondence
远程 Remote
Minimum full-time program duration
Minimum part-time program duration
Zhuanke - 2 years
Zhuanke - 2.5 years
Benke - 4 years
Benke - 5 years
"Upgrade" - 2 years
"Upgrade" - 2.5 years
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Full-Time samples
All off-job
Off-job
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Part-Time samples
Spare time
Correspondence
Reading Credential Terminology (2)
Course Information:
年 / 学年 Year/Academic Year
学期 Semester, Term
上 / 下 1st/2nd (literally, top/bottom or up/down)
课程 Course
学分 Credit
学时 Academic Hour
成绩 Exam Grade, Grade
考试 Exam
考查 Assessment
补/补考 Re-Examination
免（修) Exempt
论文 Thesis, Dissertation (e.g.毕业论文 Graduation Thesis)
设计 Project
日期 Date
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Reading Transcripts (1)
Institution Name
Benke
Transcript
Name, Gender, Date of birth
Credits
Grades
Year, First Semester
Second Semester
42
Reading Transcripts (2)
Graduation Thesis
Graduation Practice/Internship
Required credits, Earned credits
Date of issue
43
Grading Scales
Most common
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What do they mean by “Pass”?
60% or above
Pass of pass/fail (P)
Excellent (A)
Pass of excellent/good/fair/pass (D)
Good (B)
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Terms using the same characters
本科
本校
Benke (4-year undergrad)
this school
专科
专业
Zhuanke (2-3 year undergrad)
specialized, specialty (major)
毕业
结业
专业
学生
出生
graduation
completion
specialized, specialty (major)
student
birth (date of birth)
中国
中学
中等
China
middle school
medium, average (grade of C)
高中
初中
senior secondary
junior secondary
高中
高等
senior secondary
higher/tertiary level
On-line Language Tools
Google Chrome automatic translation
Google Translate
– http://translate.google.com/
NCIKU Online English Dictionary
– http://www.nciku.com/
English-Chinese Dictionary
– http://www.lexiconer.com/
More extensive English-Chinese Dictionary
– http://www.mandarintools.com/chardict.html
46
NCIKU Website Tool
Draw the character
here, one by one
47
When finished drawing, select the matching character on the right…
48
… and the answer is…
49
50
Google Chrome Automatic Translation
Google Chrome
Translated version
51
Google Chrome
Settings
52
Google Chrome
Hover to see original text
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54
Thank You
• ECE e-Learning series on China
– Online Training Center for Evaluation Professionals
(https://www.ece.org/ecelearning)
• The Connection and The Connection Advantage
– For International Credential Evaluation Professionals
(http://theconnection.ece.org/)
• Link to this presentation:
– https://www.ece.org/presentations
谢谢
55
Answers to previous slides (1)
Slide 6:
Date of birth: 1982 year, 3 month, 27 day
Dates of enrollment: 2003 year 9 month – 2005 year 6 month
Official program duration: 2 years
Date of issue: 2005 year 6 month 30 day
Slide 10:
1. Graduation Certificate
2. Degree Certificate (Bachelor of Medicine)
Slide 21:
1. ….. Senior Secondary School
2. Male
3. Born on 31 May 1990
4. Studied from 2006 to 2009
5. Was granted graduation
6. …. Middle School (awarding institution)
7. Date of Issue: 10 July 2009
56
Answers to previous slides (2)
Slide 22:
1. Type of certificate (Bachelor’s Degree)
2. Gender (Female)
3. Date of birth (Feb. 15, 1987)
4. Name of institution (Beijing Language & Culture University)
5. Specialty (Finance)
6. Type of program (“Benke” undergraduate)
7. Type of degree (Bachelor of Economics)
8. Issuing institution (same as #4)
9. Date of issue (June 18, 2008)
Slide 25:
1. Senior secondary
2. Junior secondary
Slide 28:
1. Secondary specialized
2. Higher/teritiary level