1. No category

F:\',rn-\c'flo.\ .)rr (JltE
l'llorl ltlDl: \'!ll-\s oti lt.rist-s.
39
|:]i1A^CTION OF ORE L'EO'V lf IbE VM;"s On r)rls,Jrr'.
nf
o- D, D!:Lrn.{T, tor.'Iro\r t\..o
{rdlrnrorc ]tcdiDg,}-.brutrq,
rstr')'
;frrn olicct of this
l)aDcr is to dcscriLe aD al)Plicrtion of tLc oro.sof
n)i',ing,
as cirtic'l !n i,r rIn C,rLnzr:,1' I I'r'to oirre'
sljr.n,
r'.r
',,,. nf rl,c cot'r,er.tu;oe. in thc su,rth of Sf i',.'fl,c .!'rcr.r i. not
re1r; Lut it is nor very gcrcnilly ldol ted. It ofi'er-', lowever' de, i(lc(t fldvaDrryes oyer otl,er stctems r:rorc in use; csl)ccixll) lrherc
r hc ore is fouud in large masses orrvide lodcs, as it:rllo$istle eJitracri,,rr ofall the ore rritlo t leaving aDJ' PillxN or roofs .\ soll)e$hc
d,rtrilccl descripiion of ttre various 6pcmtions:rDd co-ds of $orkiDg
nre' Dot ouly be iDteresting, Lut nray possiLly lerd ror moregenarrl
idol)tion of this nretlrod in crses rvhere ac Present the pillar-s d-
inll
system is lrefelfed.
fertures of tle copperJodes in the -'outh of Spain
rrul Polttgal are the follorvirg: Theyrrc nearJyall leDticul.rl urassts
,'fgrcri lateml dinremions lDd uDrscertsincd alepth; tbcir directioD
is lpt)ro\i ateh elrst-west, aDd their diP to\rards lorth Sonre are
cortrcl-lod€s, }av;trg slate on the hangirg-$all rnd poLpblry on the
foot-rra)l; others are intbedrled in porphyry, xrd others again ir€
Tle prn,cil;at
iurl,cdded iD c)ay slare,
't'hc rppcr porlion of th€se lo.lca consists of
"gossrD,'' I siliceous
Thc deltl) to Nlich
rxitle
less
ctat.
nircd
\rith
nrore
or
ofiroD,
1,o
thc goss:u goes do\vn varics irr diifcre t locrlit;cs, Irotu 10 fcet to
lgOfect, rr)d nore. Belorv ihe gossan is fotrnd the ;ron P)ritcs'
$ilh ;bout 2 to 3 l)cr cent of copper. The gos.nn is geuerally adDr;lted to bo tbe rc-rult of the deconrpositioD ol the ptrites, tlre cop1,cr mndc|cd so]Ible, iiltcring irto tltc undcrlying l.1e|s of urriteconposed ore, rnrl curic)riDg the ore lclorl the goss:rn above lhe
gcn$al rvernga. Yery ]ich pcftets aud slre.rlts of orc, coDtriiing
somctinras 10 per caDt of coppcr ard ntorc, lrrc often foLrnil in the
ju the orc is
r)PPci
|ortious of tbe lodes. The copl)cr cdtliltincd
gcncl.tlly iu tlc sl,:rpc of g|ry rnd l.r)ack sull'hides an,l copper
I')ritcs; rich DocLcts often shov qhrlco|) r'itc :rn(l nrl,krrz. In nexrlJ
EYfli \crroi_ oL' ollE Fno]t \trDD VFJ\S OIl lt_\ssEs
00
:rll ll,e n,in$ rl,c ore hrs bccl' forni to gct Poorcr in coltl)€r $ith
crcrrrr J r'rl r ..11'r-. '.rinrr Il'rorr.L (l'c C l"rrs dcl P'r"to Ininc
i r';". rr -i',*- rIi- ,lirlirlrtiorr, rrrll I'r:r'; l'n rrlnrr r n [rirlv 11'rc.."i,,'i':",,,'". l'l,",rf-'r.r tl,c hrcrrl ,li,'rcrr'i"n'of r,l'Po-ir, thc
grc,rLc| i; gcrcrrll-r' t|c dcptb dorvd to shich t frir lerccr)tige of
'lr
'fir,to mirrcs, rvlich llre tlc hrgcsl m11'crmircs in
Sr,rir- r,jclrl ol ;00 fnct lrrs Lncrr r.rrbc,l in somc 1'hces rvirbout
,r""*"* i" .ol)Dcr corrrcrrrs; Ll't tLc lcn$h:u'l $itl{h
"','l
"i
"i,r
of thc Ilio Tirto (lePosits are cnornorrs, oDe ofthen being more than
h.lfr n;lo ir) lcngth, and in sorue places nroro thrn 300 feet rvitlerl.c Rio
rll .oli.l
ore.
ID the ThrNis n;res, tlo ncxt in iotport:rDce, Poor ora ha-s b?en
fo,rnd nt nnrch less dePth' the lat€ral dimensioosoftb€ dePosiis being
snraller. Ilt most oi the srDaller inas tlte oie gets too Poot to b€
vorke.l rt a pmfit at a dePil, less tlnn 3OO feet. ODe l€r ceot of
collcr is ccncrally trLerr rs rlc limit of rvorkrble orc
tt,. roiio'*iDs-;s a coml'lete analysis of a fairlv rnprcsenrrtive
s:rn'1lc oforc fioru (i,c Rio Tirrrc nrirres:
48.3
3.44
{3.33
.02
.34
h"d,
.
Gold,
.
1.00
. .00005
_004
.05
.07
(il.irD o:ide,
.0,
139
-48
99.95405
a
Tlrere are sone exceptioD.rl deposits' shiclr ale of a rlifercnt
nature, such as the 'F-"perarza " nmr 'I'harsis, rv[elc thc copper is
fould as a sulphide irnp.csDating tlc slrt€, but tl)ev nc'd not h€re
be mcDtioned.
Tbc ore is gcrerally sorted by haDd into tvo clrrsses. The richer
EXTII,ICTION OF'OllA
InO'v \iIDE
VEI^_S On' ll,lSSES-
9l
i
I
i
OABEZAS DEL PASTO.
a
D
YDtxs on \IrssFs'
DNltl\crlr))- oF ol'E Fl|'t\f \rll)t
It
rrre,.r,lil':::li]:l;li;
r.r,:r: ,.r.r, rrr,.co,rri,r r I. rnlI ll'e x(r'r'.1
[x lrrrui {\Ll!', xlitr lnrrrrirrq
I - r 'l ' ! 'r''r otu r' u'r* r'rrry rrcrrc'l ll'r''o1'1'cr onlv
nrc
ir.,.,
1,
::ll:::).:l;, i" ;,;,;;,i".
"' ii, ) :;.'; ;;:; i';;i g ,r v"rv gnrr"ilv s)q'rc'r
';;
i.,,-i'r1'rr.rrir.t1 drrrror"
i;i,,,',',;;;",",
ol)cn ' il]":li:,ll'l'ii;:l
i. \rnlt. il,c ,rrc ir gcr)crrllJ 8"t l'y 30
ntt rrish' rnd rr'e orc rrruq
i;'li;1,". i:,;;:":i i"' r*'" r'"''"r''"
;;:
(-
Lrrc is qrrrrrh'I
'fl'. cod of rcnroYirrg
hil
.. Ivaries rvitlr rl,c uarrrre of
o!trLrrr'lcrr
ror gLiti'g 1'rovcr rlunrlirrg,'J ..",i"i "','i "r'r' ilrc rr(iliric' cloNs
trrc olcrrgc cot o!c"r
srrt'{')crtt
i]|,'ii*.
$u'riAr bv trrc or"''-'rbt
lliJ"i:';;"' l;' ,i. "J'1"a ' n'i'e, 'rr'i'h.is
is
llllili,,l'i,'" -,",."' r'rr1 or rr'e n'rte ar reurove'lr 'recotuposcu
a lrle' fLirlv hrrd'
1L,tJ,y'y,,1u,l' "s
lli^e Pa CrLic YaRl
l'tnler (tt tt,^ "
Cost al R' , al ir! Ott
-Ior.d'"'' "',,,)i"
\tutc't ar the Totol Q nntit! Re\LovQd
ltc
";ri"."^'"'r
s,r;i ir"i"
I8C1)
'r'ri"
,qdr.-sDP€rnrraDdenc€'
!lcrvrtioi'
Lodnrg ido {rsons'
'
illi:11il',i;,"";"'. ;"'"'l'.
V$ions'
1'l'
int
: :
st,t!!
: : Ui:
:*i
iSli -,,.,,,
'
e€5'
-Erpl6i
fo' loadin8 \rhgont'
D''keh
n'tl'ridl'
Riil\rY 'uiJ
Nng'n
Oil tnd gFrse'
0,011
0.006
0.013
0.003
0.005
-
V'riols '
Srrllc eiPersd (dul4)
{L'orlhnrion of rrilvtrt
Torrl
cosi
t)d
mr''
cubic
tdl'
$
0,15
Tl c ,4\ ,-c'.t workins i" ":":'"lr 'n:.u::l:l'"fi,:'l'Tlffi lli"':;
tlie rltPosrr wrr
rr,e c,"e.l"".lcn is shxllu\v aDJ
gcnrr:rrrv Put r(
.""*"..,lon r*corrru' urrpron-trbre is
lill
i.'""'i"i
:;',y'"';"#::r,'*'ili'*i:'";;;:llll:'::li:t',"1,;:?i:
ol gcncrul cDorgcs:
lo\!s. exclusiYc
_-.--=*4
!-tIt.\Crl'r\ uL i,nD !'iutl \!Il'l: \'Ell'i'll
lt\sjl:r'
'i
;' tl'' " J
'11;"' let
Cost of Qn,t ,t:n't O.r n, t Oltn Cir'l
" 1,, :OOO Jdur \!li'or' /- /ir )iur v"
lsCl)'
'y
tml:ilr
4
Atc-\Ii.es,
rlirdirls (crl'lo!irc'),
SI'ot\,.
,
.
IooL'
L.r,ling irlo
'Iolrl
$ig.ns,
cost
0,012
0.{r0l
0.o.ri-t0,0tg
0.oris
.
0
rr'islted'
I'er ton, Pntinio $trgons'ri
0fi3
s0.i0
rllc tiio l irrto ( orrtlr
Ijrar,rr,lc- of,l'cn "rsr rrorl:ilg rrc fo'rrr'l :rr
r-i"r. Sj"t" tro,,,;,,to, 'f1,".i. (t,o11L l"lc. Sirrr Ilull"rr^, rrrl
,.
t",r,1,'I." 2..',, t.' J'1n, T'rrs ll'rrcri " Lx;rrr rzo' 'r''
"t",
tt'k n LLc rrounniorr of ovc|bullerr i. loo gr"rt. rL' rrrirrn ii g^x-
,..ii"
l,illrr-arll s'all sJ't'ru' Thcloh ir 'livi'lc'l
"-r.^ioritr*
40 ir't:rl'JrJ,rrrl in ei'iof ll'"tc no"rr
"n*.ricrllv in fl" s.30ro ara Jrivnrr, irrr|r':etlirrg
n'rorlrcr rl
. 'rr.r;cs au,l cro's rxllcri(F
"rr"
,'l-t,t unot"", Icrvii,g h'gc fillnrs ot rrrir'tr) ro'Dlrl/'r1 tlrn roof
r,iL,,.",it" Roors. Th" roof is gn,erally left xL'ut 12 ro l5 fret
,t,;1. -,,1 tl,c s.r'r*e t,iltars hrve sid"s of t5 Io 20 f'rt, rhn g'li,
tr'u o'n" wi'lrl' nq rle I'illxrs, xr)'t "l'out 20 fi ut high
';- r'";"" ofrl,:rt
b; a'l"lnirrslhis').tcrn of $orhirrg'r hrgnrlrrrnIr is evidint,
ri,r nf ore ir left ;r; il'c ,'i're; r:rkiIg floors,35 feeL 'l'crt' rvitL :r
rulf or tz tn*, gallerio. 13 ftet lrigL slJ 16 f'eL \i'h' r'D'l I'illrrs
of tle
1'6-feet, ttte qnantitv of ore cxlrntied Lt nca s
,,;if' .;a""
"f
nines'
sclcral
lll
grlleries is only olre-i1alf ;f ttre iotrl qtnntitv
n$iugar"r'rllv
lt
is
i.".i,r-,1,1" lcrs rLan orr+lrrlf is errro.l"d
slrer
Llit
r"iu*|. l,v ihosc nlro a,lot'u rhc l';ltur-xnd-slxll s)-tc '
i."""-.ir,i"r 'r" ""*, more otc I'r'J l'e grinnd l'v roLt'ir's L';lhts
.'A'"-C tj,;" is. Loverer'a !.r) d:rni'rqrN ul'eutiox irr rni'res
.
tn,lo is nca,lv \er1i.al,$lerell,c\rirlth i' corr'i'l'rrl'le the
'.t,-.,t'.
\or"
t,""'. t.r"";n" Ara!irt :rborrt 5), rrrl slnrc uftc!r Icn to
'o,'
Or'l1 ir|rrc rrtirrc (rhe
t,*"w-g,o|s rre ?.rnr",r ou' "r,"'" "'''l'*
u'l rLe rnsLrlt r(xs rror errcorrr:rging'
Crn,i'o nrinc) Lrstbi" b"entlone;
Ollv four' floo,s l,rd lx crr rornr,l,tcr)xltlurghr;oo'l'lcrlolore
\is c)itlxcrcil by Iol,L;rrg. still Lv frr lLe gllrr\r' l'nrt *""'l:"1 i'
not;c;"1 orrr-tlra cnrlrprrtirr)v grrr Lcight
rLe nrino. r,'.1
",iulLl
l,eit,s A crrxL cln',rerrt of Jrrr-cr' 'lLr't lltc nlnmof rho
".,llct;e
of hLr,;r'g i. r
is norrliurn'l t'l rIc trct rh:rt
rnost of tbeDri;ing coDl',rnics, :rll$ cxtrrcting :rll tbc orc tbcv corld
gcr by rncar:s of iallcr;tt, nDd finrljng tLeil ole rcselrcs tlisrppcarrhrr
i.rf{lcli'ilc
^nc
vtl\s oll lf \'rsE!'
erirll-\grlo.- oF I)ttE Flloll tr'IDD
g{
rLo l';ll r" to'"':l'
ll':
iu:. J"r'r'"'in J. ir*r"*l rir n'l,t'i"r
u"r- in rr' o1'"': rtrr' tr':'
:,'.,'';; :i,.; "'i ;,','',,rrc rrorrcro rr'rrr rr is trrc'llcrr lu $r- ll'ltl
-r,',',..,'l IIii' xre i'rrr"l iI r'r''r'r fl:r\'
ot rLrr'r'!o hx'r
,' 1",, ;, 'r ;t ;; "; ' r'our'r r'"* Letrr 'rrc'r ir' rrte
r,.c,, r',." r"t fr'rrr tlt L ginrring' .. ...:,r.
- \r'rn rtr^ .,piltar-rn.t-srrll',
\nurlrtr ,li' r'lrrtrr'rgc, lrr c.r)r't(lrrn
sl s..llcrhs
''|: :. ,i ,'; .' ..,., or r'.-"t'i"x rl'' orct"'rg\lrlro
:r''lrreorc is 6rn''
,i;i'il: li,i', :li, ;-';","r'i",ri'""i'i""', "..
";li
i,;
.ri.';";;"
,i..1'i;,,,
;' .'llllt;
;n
tlll,ll.l;llll,::' :i ;')l:l,'sil}
ii,l'il.i,i,,-"i,i'.ii,r." "uu
""i,"ii *il;:iii"Tl:
orc rs vcrv r'!
\\'hcl tlre
io;s u',ur'.ls
rr'c'l artv
tL.i;;",'I'i3lrnr co'r-are too ctirl"nt to
ti,..;.
' '' t'' tlris
j of a
:l1-out
,"' .r ""1 Lreit' l'"r rhifi'-itr srllcrhs
.
i",'i",'.'
orc
or
r5
-rna
'
;;li;;;'l',J; -;;-"-','" *irr Lc'':rrr rron r2 to 'ons
.,sur nrnrt in trtur rlJc cr'cs'
rirrto' itr
" i-"",,i* ,
l -till \rorlirrgs c"e forrn'l :rr Rio
"' llrrrrii,iu l'arr uf rle Do h lo'lc' xnd'
"i
u ii",,"oi"'.',i '1'"'
(bourr rr'esc
,.:r curtoncs 'r"r La Zrva
;;;;;;i'. ii;" si'",t"''t
'rnrsis
rrorriur or trrc
'; ;i'', ',' , ; ru Leg'r'lazo' in tr'e erqr'rrr
i"a,;;J,';'"
I'al'illa' Azlslmllrr' CaLiloJo,
rr Soti")-Curon:nlo, Potx Jc Itrerro'
slsteni' vhich
'"1'l"t?"0-.".ta t*'"mine is rrorked ou a
'liffercur'
i iii I i" i ;;.,.*,"'r' Itll:::'i"11.1;*'"*f"lfJ*i ;l$"",lli
"'"
sy!
"",l,ii
.",1 rLerc qecnrs to ber)o 1e3!0o vlry lre
ll]"";i;,;;l',.",i'"
:r,,i,ir
t'r:rL-rn'r
"r"'
wh€re
svstem is no\\' used'cud
:i:r ::i" r :j:l*mi"n:';E"::r'Tlii lvi,ij
;.:Jil'ld'i" ;;";;' ;.; "*':s" *,''qtttc'l.ili,:ji.
"Yl:::,S:-lT :;l':lfm
ir.'vns
,ru$ r) Iu rLout r00 feet ; au'r.
ril
nriDc bv
otleu-crst The
lode is neerly.v'
liii
e'g. t.
",""-'" or
io rheceutpr
tbe
"iil ':';iil;;""tiorr'a1'proximarerv
'T'i,* n,'', sce ta ini ng'lrre
Tiffil:",:;l::'r:lJ.::l:*:'1:
pxtluttiorFsh,ft nntl a PuDf ing+hntrlver
;i ii; ;'i": ; ",.""',''" 1t'.q
? 1".';Ii"'1;;:
::,,'l"i1,:i;:[
by 0
$,,re 10 lcet bv 5 feel 'ud 11 fiei
tNo
ac{utunro'r'tu
ro
sn
rc
te'
cc'|
l;;.i;;:,i i" " i.""'r" i'lr rr'Ic ro a
subrlJ
fcer'
dqr. Tl'nv rvnre origirr:rllvfeet'"urrk 'icprh of 230
*;..rtlr
'"1il:
dceDcr'!d to 350
'il:i;J,;;
,Jivi,rcd in noo's, "r'urrr 05 rcnt
rr':ln'
From
txTnrL'Tlo\ oF orD Fnolt \yIDE YEt\s on
lfAssEa
o
I
UT
I
"l
l.i
lF
I
z+aI f !'
I
1
l
J
i
I
i
;i
I N;
-lI
t
I
I
;tr
!t
JI
url
5
.!
!
S6
Exlll.\cflo:{ oF
ollF)
}tlo\t \llDrl
t'rx\-.s
olt
}l'\srt;q'
nrcr1 fl"nr' 'r" ''rrtting
rl'c rrrr.r"ri u-.lrr11 s,'ll ri'' \rrc 'lri!"n' il
r1r'" 1' trxrror(
r':"lc'l
r,,.r, .,,';',1'. \\'lo, rl,'- srll'ri '
'i,"
..i'..,.,.-,t i.;; t\${rL,lriL.rr c:r'r rn,l r'-r, tl'll'rrirr;l rltc I:rr'lJrrft l" ir'1 in tI:rt ralll rl u;1 "ll rl'n:irrui ..
' '', 'i,, ".,'.'.":,','
,.-,',,,,,t,r,,.f,.f .",'f",,rrr',,r"lt''l"r"r"'i"iIlir-J'r1" linr'rrhc'e
n' ry.33
,rr.''.',,'i",.''.' ""', F,s'rc'l;it'rt rl'rrr':L rlrclolc:rt
ric" C
:r
rt''
t"'lc'
"'i'lc
i,,'.,t'i.',r:"- r."'"r"* il'c "nr' r't'"1" "r
a!'rrxc
rn
I'rrl
xr
rl'c o'rlrn-rork, r'b'5'i'h tL" lo'l'
rlr'
""-'f
" "i'
It ll er.:rn'l l\'om rl'issi'l'-tic'ros"crrrs$crt. Jrilcn
,it-,,,'"",1,
Thc sidc'tic sas
i,,.',".i. ir'" la" rt rcsulrr irricrrals of :i3 fcet'
i {r'rn'i..1" '.,,,1"r,,i..t'r, "*l rs rr'rJ 'rs rn c\lrnction-g:rllctJ ^ hirl
lrirrg
ro
ihc
prmls
l0
SrrJ'
rcir" or
"'l- ,,i,ir'"'t.. ,r.,':.' "irl' rc.r'ou" sl'1- rLe g:lllcrv rl"ns rl'c $rll
".'irrot'f.r'tilizc'l
';"1r" rs ur crrrrctioll-gr)Jcry ^'
i tLc t\o lrflDc'""i,.
.,f rt,c loLle.
'rr- ,
strnorrr"lc'l
llc'tru
facr thar' it
'.'i,'.^ ',"i"" I,. -"r"'lrtc"s, rrrl ul'cnccossir're'l corbtrrrl tir l'or;rrg
i,.'.;.'^'r',." "' " *r,',irs," 'vhic)r
ol'"," "'i ,r'" letcls ic rvrs, i'de(J' atr'nrl'tFJdim-ro
';;"r,"
'',..'ir 'i"i"".
;";'.ii; ' .ersc ru. nsrtantion; but it v"' ro"n'(l lerv
orlr
rt"l "ilcr^irr, rld liic unboitrl'le
' '","i'
l"le ire sl'rte, iD $iich lrll saltcries l'lJ to Le
.ii'
",:tr:"
clos ll rirnLcrod
f
' "itji"" il".'"
ha'l
r'orrr tln grllcrv alorrg tl'e lnn-girg-sall
' ",,"tl'ey
rselc 6lle'l witl' sror)e' cat€lrrrry P'reo ['
rcrcl'c'l lhe fi oL 'r,rll,
tle 6bt ooee;
;; ;* "'"" ", "' D, ';re rhe" 'lriterr rrorrcirle
D'
-"i
ii""..'""*',, rlll"l'n1', r'd "g"i" *'
"*"'"."dn:'f
over tl'e \vltole
remo*ed
bee"
i".' ",'ir,i""'
^re"l'r'l
'liceof
"'","tr'e
All rhe g:rlhries arrd cross-cxis
i"""ii,
'*r '.;r'r, "r 0 bv'lcp'rir'
l*iglrt af the fir'r'li'e
b rnet, -o tlriL
i'",i'',"ir'
^, "'," "t \Ylien this hrrl baen'Ie
accomplislted' the sallerv
r""'*"J "*" O r"*.
and a rrew gallcrv trcs
up
scs
fillol
i. "r"'* ti'" lcnqirr;-rrll,
i' From rl'is ne'v gallcrv 'ro*-culs lce:e 'el'n
A.l'^u
our
"r,o'"
,t";*-' 'lut,t
rt,-rorlrh
tle r'rr:s. rn'l fillal up tlc -xme \!:ry ts bcro\!i
to
i",'l' '"',litr"rcrrce; 'tl';le rIe ilrrrlice of 6fectlr
nol
":',i'"'"
tvas
rLove
*li'l lr"'l) of ore, rlrc slhc rrext
r"'i."r,""
""t
"r,r'"
1n"hit:g'
i. "i"1" crl r ;'iD flcr, ;t Nxs rcstitrg orr rlre
,'"J'"'",i
\vl'crexs^rrre
"'"'
so
llrat'
uucIl
v'ry
fl,i- r :r'le ll,c Ll.r'rirrg
'l'eal'"r;
DUdu
.^nlncL.r,r;.c si!rr) Io tIc nrincr' irr r[c lirsr 'lic€ 'trcrrgnl
xr'ove
srieo
ncxr
tr,c
in
::' ',;;';;;;""t;;;.;'rtv s0.25
'\grin'in
c"rt lo 7G lcr r"n
li" i,', .r;* ,1," n,-t o"-s orr' in tlrc -nlid orc
,r'" sccoDdarv cross-cuts) rvbich rverc rerllv rvidertittg
shorv the
""a
"*,
"i
5o'+z po" ton Thcse figulcs
r"" o."",
""i,t,l
""rt "o't
t.)xTn
tcTlor- oF oan FnoJt \ttDr.) IDI\S on tf-t.$Lg, t7
rnnrnrous ad$xula(c of h.n'ng 6.ce ,<idcs for thc rvorknrg,faccsn r(l!.rDtagc, l,y tl,e \r',rv, r hir h is ncvtr. gor ir: r orknrg Ly pilJar-
d
;r
'l
I
"t
"l
I
I oi
+I oE
<H
I r
l'!
e-l ,"'
lN:
+I ?;
o9
I
I
:t
:I
;i
:i
.,!ficr tle
'nd-stall.
taken
scco d slice lad bccn r.emovcd, a t}ird rrrs
a\yay iD the ftrma mrDner, rDd so oD, ultil the wLolc tilt of
9s
r.:\Tn-\c-rloli oF otlD Flll)rt \r'IDD \'t-'l\s oll
1l-\s_r}]s'
to
C; fi\'t Ni. rcnrolc(1. Tbc rrolhing rms not linr;ic(l' l)oNever'
srme
thc
in
.,'" r;[ ,,. l"r.r. r., ,l',cc ncrc rrtrckc<l sirrru]tlncouslv
fou lr lcYels
,",,,,,,"" .t,f, ,,, rlc lrc.c t ih), tlle "ccoDtlJ tltirrlr ind
in
,,." r" '
,""tt|clifili is nr reli'ratior' Fis 3sbows'
'1,"1
r'
"l;.,"
Jrrlv
Norkirrgs'
of
the
coD'litioD
r,'situdi'or .""tioD, lLc
'.,ri.i.L
1SC1.
'
i, ,,'i r,' r," Lrrr.rcl ll,.l sorno rliilicrrlty no'rl'l b^ cslrricrrcn
*r"',,.."1,:",.. "l ot,c flonr nrch rIc 'rottirrg of tIc lloor a!'ove'
c'lj so t;3lily
f,'
, f." r' .' ir i. furrDJ rhrl rl'e 'loNirtg
""' , , f ,,',1'" lirnr, rrn, r irl a Iirrlc {'l'liriorrxl carc' il is
,'", ','.',
i.,,f ..
"
to rninn l'cl"N il' r-o grll"rics uor crcss 'uts
1.,",',,
','.irOr "".t
"".i'""r.',''.'*'l'""if.€|l|i:Ilrll.l6fceurri.l",rn,l
Ul*" ,rrc rrljoilirg one l): bccn propeLlv lllled-ir'
""".,"u"4
",,in".1,'" ,f* nltir,l-ir) of it'" grtlcrl l, orr the banSirrg'rvall' a
r,"ifl ul irr lorrsl, st'rrre, al'ore tire crors-crrt llon) tl€
,r,'i"
.l.i-i;".""irr'*""r,ll,i- "lrrrrc tlo orc from tl'e sncorrJ slica \t!s rl)ro\\'D
,l;.lr i;;;.."".. ",,'. \\'hcn rhc snnold slhe h*l l'ccu rcmoved'
.*i il* **t -rr.., lilhl irr, ilcsa cl"ries 'rere crrri'rt up' and so
.crve'l rol seorling the orc doNrt ro tle cross-
"", "*r 'r"'"ir'*i"
,lr"*" . tf" "ide-lie, \v|'re ILe ore \\rs loatln'l irtto nooden
to tle
",*'
"'"il.l,fi',g
i,,u"f,*
tmmm€d
4 nrD ercL, and subsequentlv
"f,.n
cxrrA.tion
''-il'J sl,s fL *"a r"' stownrg is qoartzite Thjs is qmrried on
,"""'ur
,r'"-,"" A . l''rl, xl'out ?00 vrrJs from r)re lorle Tle slone is
irr"lin"<l phne r'o tl'" let"l or rhe mou'hs of
i"""'.ll r'"
"'
"'""""'.r
."".'""iir S*r,' t','^'r,ed \o ? srrd No l in Fis 2l' sr'trk atfor rhe
tl,e \orkirrgs, iD'l exleuding,
to
"''"',j.. "r aa;*.;""
"o,,o
sirl'
loa'Jirrgllrrfornrs at "aclt door' The
)evil,
l"i.',"
'r'" 'r';rl
i" t'nt"l,*. .i.it"' ro it'o'" rrsel ror ttro nre' is lorvered
-.-'i.-r".aJ
i"''r'*".r'"n" r,y m*'" "f rtoublc 'lnrnr' rvirh Lr:rlres, rIe frrll rvrgon
-'r'" i"l,' u'irll"g llre crnp(v one Tbc srone to'lnir"l in tl)€
Pr€s'
the
i*li, i."i I: r",,ri.t"pi,, rhc rt,iri t"va, an't tran'm'r tlr'oujh
conDected
is
tr,;s levet' Tttis extractionlevel
"r
"ri.""i""""ribv mcars of rvi'zcs; the stoue is riPped
belorv
li*Ll,i*"
]' ii*
'"i
i,'i" ,i'"
i':,t falts rin'ost at the foot of th€ \YorLiDg to be
'"r"^"
iirJ','". .r'' r".li"* arc rcruoved, r hese rvirrz's sct ff llcJ uP also'
rlNavs gcl
!tu,lrrJllv 'lisrrncrr, wLile rbc orc cllrtcs
"-i 'r,"."r,,*
600r:rbove'
i",*".. n"i, i *r ;" i,u" "uiprl"a ,"lrt' <onc rr orn rlrc
\itrzcs for
trrc
All
lrrnd
;;i;i.;;" nc'l ncwr In .ri"cJ bv
rtc:rbottt
rlrev
ii'.""i"*,r"'-, ',-" *e mrJ" irr rtrc I'ausirrg+vrl);
fc.t square rrrd vcry sccrrrclv timbcred'
3
nITll\CTr,,f.' oF i,liE Ttri\, \r,tDE vrt).'j Lti tr.\.i-r.,
!,
,\ g.o(l d{n) of smnlt ,.tqil is t,roduceil in tl,c quany. ,\t llrr.ioos
trirls \rerc nrllile ro ns€ rt,crc !r)nls nr tirc fiiting up, as ;t
. .rrrll.a
.rlnrr tlnrn rury. l rr. four,,l, t,,.r,cri,r, not
.nn^nri.4l,1,hy.ro
t,r !lo rl,is, is rtr,,"rrrlts riorn n,"r.
'
"st).nrirn rn trlr .
;D tI! n)il]c ihrn rlc big ,.tones, rrrd also lJ.cnusc
srorr;ng .loDc iriih
,,,rll, s.lllos,lo\rn fjlr too n rd,, irxl I"o."n" tLc orc rt,ovn ro r
dr.rgercN cxtent, mxking a ,ery trercl€rous mof in tle wor.l;ngs
.
t;nrl-.
Ii-qlcr up.
:fle sto\y;ng \rith lirgc stonq is so ffrDr rl)rt Do subridcnca olthc
,:rorrrrtl.over-rho nrinc can Lc noticc,l,
ottlo,rth a v{{I Lrg. ,lrir,tiry
,,f orc lrrs,rlrmrly Le.n rcnr.trat, as ,n.ry L"..ccn fi.;nr
rt,c iongit,i.
,l;o:tl sc*ion, Irig. 3.
l,rs nors Lcen i ofcration for ,iglr yn:rrs,,luring
,Tl,islsrcrrr
\l,hh
a totxl of 236,000 rons hrs been cxrrrcr",l.' Oi,ty
on"
l,rs becu }illed by falJs of the roof doriDg alt th;s pcriott, ","u
rvlictr
Fig. 4.
shotvs lhnt the systen is
RnPt narrow
n.t a dcloor.ors one. -t tha cross-cutc rle
(6 feet); very ferv prols arc u.nt, rnrt eseD il,Fse l.ew
rrc gtnerally rak€n n$ry b€fore stowine.
The nveragc qurnrity ot ore brol,.n iy a miner
in this mine is 3
rons
I'er shift.f ren borrrs, as rgrinsl + run rn,ler rhc
fi ir_rnd_
stctt s,ircm. the difference Loi,,g
due to rhe ore Leing rls;Xs u,,dcF
.tt.rn,l r€quiril'g tittla bh.sting.
i nc:rvcmge co-t of vo,.t( i,r lgCI slls for diffore,,r. prrts
of
srstem, :rs
follows:
(See
tt,o
Fie.4.)
Iimrcos.an., B, i rt,cstiduF,.
rbs-a'h, U E, l-, dc.,
nort,li.c
Ioloii!8 crcs.Li, d, . J €r;,
. "$:-";
ol2
FrFr .ms.c',t., d. in
.
0,:j8
0.:.1
100 Exrn,\(rloN
oF onD Frorl IYIDE 1'DINS on ]L\ssEs.
in
TL;s slows thc incrcnsed cconony
Thc
cosL
breaking rvhen t)rc ore is
of eritrrction for thc y€ar 1890 \i'trs as follor$:
'ltarl Frc Cenoal Eqpe^s$-
Cott Pct Ton
$0.0lzr
&ror.-SuFrnnordence'
Brenlritg tlo ot, .
Lordnrg irllo 1t.goru dnd
D gine'n€n, e!." .
Sb$nrg,
'I'inrl)trin& , .
.
0,1569
0.0152
..
sl,oP,
!n'rht,.
.
.Vd!oidl,,-E:pldire.,
Coal,
Tin!ba'
Steei,
Cre}err,
Grere,. .
.
0.0101
o0362
.
UnNrre.ing,.
Vriotrs,
srolx,-Crrp€nto
0.1772
lmohing,
.
.
'
o00€
:
0.007s-$0.521
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
0.01!8-
,,
0 0353
0.0331
0.002
0.@74
0.00?8
0.0031- ol32
Total
r\
nrchi&.t
ol rngons
aDd
nilg
,
:
.
.
p€rto!,
0.0091
.
0.0274
00036- o.o{o
.
.
.
Tbe mst of stowilg per cubic yard may be iletailed
one cubic yarrl corresponding to ahout 2.7 tons
A.;ost
Pt
0.024
0 0436
Variou.,
DepncialioD of
'
0.0091
GAic
Ya
ar
follorvs,
of ore:
Jor 1890.
.
Supe.intenilenc€,
SO?r7
$0 0114
qn3Erins slob., irclutire of etpldiv4'
,
Thro{ing sD.ll stuf oler ilDbp6, .
TmnsIDd of eloD€ to 6l4f!8 tnil loNeritg ilo{n in
0.05i0
. .-00540
shan!' 0.0$r
Undersrounil tnnspo frcn Blatu io sin6 lnd lDPPin& . 0i6
. 0.07m
fron vina to sorkitgs, .
. . , 003e0
Ruilding upitr Forlingq
. . . - 0-0164
. . /.
Various,
Toul
Fer culic
Jod,
.
I
mat here give
e$ned by vorkmer in the district:
tr'or the bcttet rpprec;rt;oD
tLe average daily rvages
$0.4039
of these cost-sleets,
-._.-'....-.
tt
'
''.
1
'a
lxTn,lcTlox oF onE FROit lfID; YEI\S OI! lr,tssEs.
ll'ages
F..enan of ttr€ Din.,
.
Dnaine{l.irern
S!ot.E,.
.
C{rtrrtemJ...2O
SDitlis,. .
.
llNons,. .. . .
lliieF,.
.
ThDnert..,.t2
O.din&y hboreE,.
lors uil sirl., .
ccl of Ml, . . .
( fr€$dod,
" rir-lool pop., eet,
101
Eatnui Pcr Day.
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
ncah
24
1.00
0,87
0.13
0,87
20
10
.
.
.
20
16
0,70
1?1016
0,i,
0.87
to 0,?0
0.i2
.
.
.
.
.
10
0.43
01o 8
0.26 to 0 35
t6o
a.il
45
2.00
l0
o,l3
The follo$;ng is the co€r ofa ton oforF, n,ined by the pi rr_and_
strll 6ystem, vLere otljer conditions are ihe same r:rbote:
C$t oJ gtk?-and-Bta? Slttai pet rat oJ Ore
Z!D,..-:SDp.'inlenilene,
s0.0r28
Breahing the ore,
loadirg
iDto wtr8ons dnd
EnaineEen, ete,
Timberii&
Unsnle.i!&
rdnoin&.
0.6640
.
0.0t01
0_0362
0.01i2
.
\'{dous,
o00r3
0.0073-$0J81
0.024
o132
D.preciition, .
Total per totr,
0.009
o03l
50.9i7
The chmperrvorking over rhe
lillar,and-str sJ,sLem ;, enrircl-y
the che:rl,er brerkilg o( rhe ore, tt,e diffe,€Dce bein;
xbout $0.26 per too.
Thc.system l,ere de*ribad ,vas srnrted by ltr. C. Rocpelt, tI.E.,
on accounr
of
ir'l
It
aubscquend)'dlrri€'l on by rt,€ \niter a,,d tII. p. E. Crn,It.E.
caD be at,died in all hrgr nrrsscs :rnd rrnlo r.rtes, arrrt
is n safe
rn4 econonricrl mode of gcttils all the ore.
'fhc C:,lrczrs del Pisto nriDc is one of tho , ilc!
\york(t lN ihe
-Bede trIetrl
antl Chelriort Courlnny, Liur,rl, of Nercastlc-on_iyne.
i
'iyr tl74g5
LTERARY, BOSTON StA
,OTOCOPY REOUEST FORI\4
lRrrlsH
ANA
USEF P!EAqE
DEE
H
THIS IF PHOTOCOPY
REOUIBED
Copy B
Prcte(edatdet: -It,tuS
soob Aurho',Inb
pe,odr,|" 1're. A
t"1 JtJ37.
,c'.. € , ,.,,, )' t^ ol c x
(
A
J
rt'
at
ft- LU"+
Ir,.eu,
tt D Atti'/(l!l
ptace o. pub,carion:
Pubt,sher:
3ct -
l't
ENCLOSE WITH ITEM
INTER LIBRARY LOAN
I'l:,o,'r, t lL.,rr,<t. /]u ry'"
ll-t;t t{ / u.t,r ft(L,,,aJ Oll/7"'L
/, ',,),,,,,,.
Jr 1,.r,'),u,,
I .1t
l, tl ,,trr1{.uu
OuI,rjltc.*
(t,cj
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