1. No category

|ohdk i/ s{ nefb bsh|[
pkpk |ohd
P\;hns s/ ouBk
pkpk P/\ |ohd ih ;{|h ekft^Xkok d/ w'Yh eth
jB. nkg dk iBw 1173 JhH ƒ fgzv y'stkb, fIbQk
w[bskB (gkfe;skB) ftZu j'fJnk. nkg ih dh wksk
wohnw pj[s B/e s/ Xkofwe ftukoK dh XkoBh ;h.
T[BQK B/ nZbk dh pzdrh dh brB nkg ƒ pugB ftZu
jh brk fdZsh ;h. pugB s'A jh nkg PoQk d/ pj[s
gkpzd ;B. noph s/ |ko;h GkPk d/ nkg pj[s tZv/
ftdtkB ;B. nkg p/jZd ;kT{ ;[Gkn d/ wkbe ns/ fBwosk dh w{os
;B. \tkIk p\fsnko ekeh ih nkg d/ w[oPd ;B, fiBQK dh nkg B/
pj[s gq/w Bkb ;/tk ehsh. nkg B/ ;koh fIzdrh gowkswk dh GiB pzdrh
ftZu brk fdZsh. nkg nkgD/ ihtB d/ nk\oh ;w/A gkegNB ftZu nk
rJ/. fJZE/ jh 93 ;kb dh T[wo ftZu 1266 JhH ƒ nkg ;oho fsnkr e/
nZbk dh dorkj g[Zi rJ/. nkg ih d/ ;b'eK ƒ r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ftZu th doI
ehsk frnk j?.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
nefb bsh|[ Lpohe
;wMtkbk$
;wMdko
ekb/
LwkV/
b/y[
Leow
frohtkB
Lp[Zeb
|ohdk i/ s{ nefb bsh|[, ekb/ fby[ B b/y[]
i'
Li' e[M
nkgBV/ frohtkB wfj, f;fo BhtK eo d/y[]
Ehnk
Lj' frnk
G{o
LfuZNh
nrj[
Lw"s dk gk;k
fgSk
LfgSbk gk;k$
iBw dk ;wK
|ohdk i/ s{ nefb bsh|[
d/ y
nrj[
|ohdk
B/Vk
i'
Ehnk
nkfJnk,
dkVh
fgSk
j' J h
G{ o ]
ofjnk
d{fo]
9
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
|ohdk izrb[ izrb[ fenk Gtfj tfD ezvk w'V/fj]
izrb[ izrb[ Ljo/e izrb
fenk Gtfj LfeT[A x[zwdk
j?<
t;h
op
fjnkbhn?
o[yh
;[yh
ykfJ
izrb[
e?
fenk
mzvk
Y{Y/fj]
gkDh
ghT[]
w'V/fj
LfbskV Bk
t;h
Ltf;nk j??$
t;dk j?
|ohdk d/fy gokJh u'gVh Bk so;kJ/ ihT[]
fjnkbhn?
Lfjod/ ftZu
fpojk
fenk Y{Y/fj LbZGD dk eh
ckfJdk j?
o[yh ;[yh
fpojk
nkyhn?
fpojk
s{
;[bskB]
|ohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T[gi? ;' sB ikD w;kD[]
gokJh
Lo[Zyh^;[Zeh,
;XkoB,
Lfe;/ j'o dh
ihT[
LwB, ihn
fpojk
LftS'Vk
;[bskB
Lokik
fis[ sfB
Lfi; sB ftZu
w;kD[
Lw[od/ ;kVB
dh EK
jzfY e/
Ld"V GZi e/,
GNe e/
;zfw
L;"A e/
wzr/;hnk
Lwzr/rk
nkj'
LnkfJnk ;h
e/o/ ezfw
LfejV/ ezw
ftZu nkgDh fIzdrh yk gh e/ r[Iko fdzdk j?. nyhobh T[wo ftZu ik e/ oZp
d/j[
L;oho
ƒ sbkPdk j?.
j';h
Lj' ikJ/rk
y/j
LfwZNh
|ohdk uko rtkfJnk jzfY e/ uko rtkfJnk ;zfw]
b/yk
op[
pZ[Yk
j'fJnk
;/
;T[
wzr/;hnk
P/y
tfo=nk
sz{
cohd
ihtDk
nkj'
e/o/
ezpD
bZrh
d/j]
j';h
y/j]
Gh
sB
ezfw]
fN~gDh
|ohd ih B/ fJBQK ;b'eK ftZu ;wMkfJnk j? fe wB[Zy wkV/ ezwK tZb Bk
d/y/ ;r'A nkgD/ nzdo Mksh wko/. d[BhnK ftZu ofj e/ uzr/ ezw eoB/ ukjhd/
jB. gowkswk dh nkgD/ wB d/ nzdo sbkP eoBh ukjhdh j?. fi; d/ wB
ftZu gowkswk dh brB BjhA, T[j wB[Zy w[od/ d/ ;wkB j?. wB[Zy fJ; d[Bhnk
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
wB[Zy ƒ nkgD/ b/y fej'^fij/ BjhA pDkT[D/ ukjhd/ <
(ii) fejVk ;wK B/V/ nk frnk j? <
(iii) p[Ykg/ dhnK eh fBPkBhnK jB <
(iv) wB[Zy izrb ftZu fe; ƒ bZGdk fcodk j? <
(v) oZp feZE/ t;dk j? <
(vi) ‘fpojk’ s'A eh Gkt j? <
10
2H fd~s/ rJ/ ;b'eK d/ j/mK g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[[Zso fdT[ L
o[yh
;[yh
ykfJ
e?
mzvk
gkDh
ghT[]
|ohdk d/fy gokJh u'gVh Bk so;kJ/ ihT[]
(i)
‘o[Zyh ;[yh’ ykD s'A |ohd ih dk eh Gkt j? <
(ii) gokJh ‘u'gVh’ t/y e/ wB feT[A BjhA so;kT[Dk ukjhdk <
(iii) T[go'es ;b'e dk e/Adoh Gkt fby'.
3H j/mK fd~s/ ;b'e dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
|ohdk i/ s{ nefb bsh|[, ekb/ fby[ B b/y[]
nkgBV/ frohtkB wfj, f;fo BhtK eo d/y[]
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i)
s[;hA ed/ fdykt/ tkbh iK fe;/ dh oh; Bkb fIzdrh fiT[D dh fIZd
ehsh j? < T[; ;w/A xo tkfbnK tb'A fJ; pko/ eh gqshfefonk
j'Jh. y[ZbQ e/ fpnkB eo'.
(ii)
s[jkv/ f\nkb nB[;ko oZp dh gqkgsh feZE'A j[zdh j? <
(iii)
eh fwjBs s/ JhwkBdkoh Xow dh gfjbh g"Vh j? < s[;hA nkgD/
ihtB ftZu fezB/ e[ JhwkBdko j' < ftuko g/P eo'.
(iv)
eh s[;hA gzikph d/ fe;/ j'o fpojk d/ eth ƒ ikDd/ j'. i/eo jK
sK T[; dh ouBk ƒ :kd eoe/ iwks ftZu iK d';sK ƒ ;[DkT[D
dh e'fPP eo'.
(v)
jzekoh ftnesh dk eh jPo j[zdk j? < fBwosk tkbk ihtB fiT{D
bJh fJe GkPD fsnko eo'.
nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) s/ }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L
(i)
fpojk ƒ ;[bskB BjhA nkfynk frnk j?.
(ii)
pI[or nt;Ek ftZu P/\ |ohd dh d/j ezpD bZrh.
(iii)
nkgD/ nzdo Mksh wkoB dh e'Jh b'V BjhA j?.
(iv)
wBZ[y izrb ftZu ikBtoK ƒ bZGdk j?.
(v)
gowkswk dh brB s'A e'ok wB[Zy w[od/ tKr j[zdk j?.
11
JH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i)
|ohd ih HHH ftZu p/eko x[zwD s'A
u'gVh
toid/ jB.
(ii)
HHH o'Nh t/y e/ ihn BjhA so;kT[Dk
y'stkb
ukjhdk.
(iii)
HHH oZp tZb'A wzfrnk iKdk j?.
(iv)
HHH P/\ |ohd ih d/ iBw eoe/
wPj{o j?.
(v)
wB
d[BhnK ftZu ofj e/ HHH ezw eoB/
ukjhd/ jB.
;H i'V/ pDkT[ L
izrb
u'gVh
wB
fpojk
;[bskB
beVh
o[Zyh^;[Zyh
oZp
jH fto'Xh Ppd pDkT[ L
(i)
nebwzd HHH
(ii)
BhtK HHH
(iii)
gokfJnk HHH
(iv)
fiT{Dk HHH
eH ;wkBkoEe Ppd pDkT[ L
(i)
G{oh HHH
(ii)
fpojk HHH
(iii)
;[bskB HHH
(iv)
frohtkB HHH
yH tke pDkT[ L
(i)
izrb HHH HHH HHH HHH
(ii)
o[Zyh^;[Zyh HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iii)
nebwzd HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iv)
b/y HHH HHH HHH HHH
12
izrbK
B/e
Ppd
r[o{ BkBe d/t
P\;hns s/ ouBk
r[o{ BkBe d/t ih f;ZyK d/ gfjb/ r[o{ ;B. nkg
ih dk iBw 15 ngq?b, 1469 JhH ƒ okfJ G'fJ
dh sbtzvh (gkfe;skB) ftZu j'fJnk. nkg d/
fgsk dk BK wfjsk ekb{ s/ wksk dk BK fsqgsk ;h.
p/p/ BkBeh nkg ih dh tZvh G?D ;h. r[o{ BkBe
d/t ih B/ wB[Zyh GbkJh bJh nkgDk ihtB nogD
ehsk. nkg ih B/ nkgD/ ihtB ftZu uko
T[dk;hnK (:ksoktK) ehshnK. fiBQK ftZu T[BQK B/ G[Zb/^GNe/ b'eK ƒ f;ZX/ o;s/
gkfJnk. nkg ih dk ftnkj ;[bZyDh ih Bkb j'fJnk. nkg ih d/ d' g[Zso
j'J/—pkpk ;qh uzd ih s/ pkpk bywh dk; ih. nkg nkgD/ ihtB d/ nk\oh
;w/A eoskog[o fty/ jh oj/. 1539 JhH ftZu GkJh bfjDk ih ƒ r[orZdh ;"Ag
e/ nkg i'sh^i's ;wk rJ/. nkg ih dhnK ouBktK jB L ig[ih ;kfjp, f;X
r';fN, ;'do ;'fjbk, nkosh, dZyDh Unzeko, nk;k dh tko, wbko s/ wkM
dh tko, gZNh, pkokwKj.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
;okfJok Lf;ZXk
f;zwb o[y[ ;okfJok
f;zwb o[y[ ;okfJok nfs dhox[ nfs w[u[]
UfJ fi nktfj nk; efo ikfJ fBok;/ fes[]
cb fce/ c[b pepe/ ezfw B nktfj gs[]
fwms[ Bhth BkBek r[D uzfrnkJhnk ss[[]
13
dhox[
Lbzwk
w[u[
LtZvk$w'Nk
fes[
LfeT[A
gs[
LgZso$gZs/
fwms[
Lfwmk;
Bhth
LBhtK ofjDk
ss[
L;ko
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
nkg eT[ LnkgD/
bJh
wsbp
rT[ok
LGkok
jzsk
LwkoB tkbk
;hf;
fBtkfJnk L;h; M[ekT[Dk
e[;[X/
Ly'N/
;G[ e' fBt? nkg[ eT[ go eT[ fBt? B e'fJ]
Xfo soki{ s'bhn? fBt? ;[ rT[ok j'fJ]
ngokXh d{Dk fBt? i' jzsk fworkfj]
;hf; fBtkfJn? fenk Ehn? ik fod? e[;[X/ ikfj]
fN~gDh
r[o{ BkBe d/t ih wB[Zy ƒ ;wMkT[Ad/ j'J/ efjzd/ jB fe wB[Zy d/ fBt
e/ ofjD ftZu jh fwmk; j?. Bht/A j' e/ ofjDk jh ;ko/ r[DK dk ;ko j?.
jo/e iht nkgD/ ;tkoE bJh M[edk j?, fe;/ d{i/ wB[Zy dh \kso BjhA. go
fBtD dk Gkt f;o| ;oho ƒ fBtkT[D Bkb BjhA, ;r'A wB Bkb th j?.
i/ f;o| f;o jh fBtk fdZsk ikt/ s/ nzdo'A iht y'Nk jh oj/ sK fJ; soQK
Bht/A j'D dk e'Jh bkG BjhA j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
fJj Ppd r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh fejVh pkDh ftZu'A fbnk frnk j?<
(ii) f;zwb dk o[Zy fej' fijk j[zdk j? <
(iii) wB[Zy bJh ;G s'A uzrk r[D fejVk j? <
(iv) fBt e/ ofjD s'A eh Gkt j? <
(v) fPekoh fe; soQK fPeko eodk j? <
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK gVQ e/ g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fby' L
fwms[ Bhth BkBek r[D uzfrnkJhnk ss[[]
;G[ e' fBt? nkg[ eT[ go eT[ fBt? B e'fJ]
Xfo soki{ s'bhn? fBt? ;[ rT[ok j'fJ]
(i) T[go'es ekft^;soK dk Gkt nkgD/ PpdK ftu fby'.
(ii) fBt e/ ofjD ƒ r[o{ BkBe d/t B/ eh fejk j? <
(iii) T[go'es Ppd fejVh pkDh ftZu'A fbnk frnk j? <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
f;zwb o[y[ ;okfJok nfs dhox[ nfs w[u[]
UfJ fi nktfj nk; efo ikfJ fBok;/ fes[]
cb fce/ c[b pepe/ ezfw B nktfj gs[]
14
d[y[ dko{ ;[y[ o'r[ GfJnk
d[y[ dko{ ;[y[ o'r[ GfJnk ik ;[y[ skfw B j'Jh]
sz{ eosk eoDk w? Bkjh ik jT[ eoh B j'Jh]1]
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
skfw
Lsd'A
eoDk
LeoDjko
w?A Bkjh
Lw?A e[M Gh
BjhA, w/ o h
e'Jh gkfJnK
BjhA j?
pfbjkoh e[dofs tf;nk]
s/ok nzs[ B ikJh bfynk]1]ojkT[]
ikfs wfj i'fs i'fs wfj iksk neb ebk Gog{fo ofjnk]
s{z ;uk ;kfjp[ f;cfs ;[nkfbT[ fifB ehsh ;' gkfo gfJnk]
ej[ BkBe eos/ ehnk pksk i' feS[ eoDk ;[ efo ofjnk]2]
fN~gDh
ik jT[ eoh Li/ w?A ‘jT[’
nkyK, i/ w?A
nkgD/ nkg ƒ
e[M ;wM p?mK
B j'Jh
fJ; Ppd ftZu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih c[owkT[Ad/ jB fe i/ wB[Zy ƒ nkswe
LBjhA cpdk,
fJj
rZb
cpdh BjhA
;[y fwb ikt/ sK d[y BjhA ofjzdk. gowkswk dk nzs BjhA gkfJnk ik ;edk. ikfs
Lf;qaPfN
gqwkswk ;op^ftnkge j?, ;dk ;fEo ofjD tkbk j?, ;koh f;qPNh ftZu T[;/ i'fs
LoZp dk B{o
dk jh B{o t; fojk j?. fi; B/ th T[; dh T[;ss ehsh j?, T[j fJ; ;z;ko i'fs wfj
d/ Gt^;kro s'A so frnk j?. fJjh wB[Zyh ihtB dk wB'oE j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
n;bh nkswe ;[Zy fe; soQK gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j? <
(ii) gowkswk fejVh^fejVh EK ftnkge j? <
(iii) ‘ojkT[’ Ppd dk r[opkDh ftZu eh noE j? <
(iv) ;z;ko Gt^;kro s'A fe; soQK sfonk ik ;edk j? <
(v) fJj Ppd r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh fejVh pkDh ftZu'A fbnk
frnk j? <
L;kohnK
i'shnK ftZu,
;ko/ ihtK ftZu
iksk
Lt/fynk iKdk
j?, fd; fojk
j?
neb
L;zg{oB
ebk
LN'Nk, fjZ;k
neb ebk Lfi; d/ tZy'
tZyo/ N'N/ Bk
j'D, fJZe o;
;zg{oB gqaG{
;[nkfbT[
L;'jDh, ;z[do
(vi) ;koh f;qPNh ftZu fe; dk B{o t; fojk j? <
fifB ehsh Lfi; B/ (s/oh
tfvnkJh)ehsh
(vii) wB[Zyh ihtB dk eh wB'oE j? <
BkBe
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK gVQ e/ g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fdT[ L
d[y[ dko{ ;[y[ o'r[ GfJnk ik ;[y[ skfw B j'Jh]
sz{ eosk eoDk w? Bkjh ik jT[ eoh B j'Jh]1]
(i) T[go'es ;soK d/ eth dk BK dZ;' <
(ii) fJj ;soK fejVh pkDh ftu Pkwb jB <
(iii) fJBQK ekft^;soK dk e/Adoh Gkt dZ;'.
15
Lj/ BkBe `
ej[ eos/
ehnk pksk Leosko dhnK
rZbK nky
3H j/mK fd~s/ g?o/ dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
ikfs wfj i'fs i'fs wfj iksk neb ebk Gog{fo ofjnk]
s{z ;uk ;kfjp[ f;cfs ;[nkfbT[ fifB ehsh ;' gkfo gfJnk]
ej[ BkBe eos/ ehnk pksk i' feS[ eoDk ;[ efo ofjnk]2]
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i)
eh s[jkvh fIzdrh ftZu ed/ d[Zy dh xVh nkJh j? < T[; s'A S[Nekok
gkT[D bJh s[;hA eh sohek ngDkfJnk < y[ZbQ e/ fpnkB eo'.
(ii)
r[o{ BkBe d/t d/ ihtB d/ nXko ’s/ fe;/ fJZe ;kyh T[go ukoN
fsnko eo'.
(iii)
ihtB ftZu gkg ewkT[D tkb/ wB[Zy dk eh jPo j[zdk j? < eh
gqwkswk dh PoB ftZu nk e/ T[; d/ r[Bkj wk| j' ;ed/ jB <
nkgDh ;{M^p{M nB[;ko ftuko g/P eo'.
(iv)
eh s[;hA nkgD/ nkb/^d[nkb/ d/ nB?fse b'eK s'A gqa/PkB j' < T[BQK
ƒ f;ZX/ okj gkT[D bJh s[;hA eh ;[Mkn d/Dk g;zd eo'r/.
(v)
‘d[y[ dko{ ;[y[ o'r[ GfJnk’ s[e T[go fJZe b/y dh ouBk eo'.
nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK }bs ( ✖ ) d/ fBPkB brkT[ L
(i)
f;o fBtkT[D Bkb wB dk y'N d{o j' iKdk j?.
(ii)
gowkswk ftnkge s/ ;EkJh ofjD tkbk j?.
(iii)
gowkswk dh T[;ss eoB tkbk so iKdk j?.
(iv)
f;zwb d/ o[Zy tKr sD e/ yVBk ukjhdk j?.
(v)
nkswe ;[y Bkb d[Zy \sw j' iKdk j?.
JH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i)
HHH dk oZ[y eZd ftZu pj[s tZvk j[zdk j?.
(ii)
BhAtK j' e/ ofjDk uzrk HHH j?.
(iii)
r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ HHH j'J/ b'eK ƒ
Gt;kro
r[D
f;ZX/ okj gkfJnk.
(iv)
HHH ih ƒ r[orZdh dh p\fPP j'Jh.
(v)
oZp dk pzdk HHH ƒ so iKdk j?.
16
f;zwb
GNe/
GkJh
;H i'V/ pDkT[ L
(i)
c[Zb
pepe/
(ii)
fuzfrnkJh
fce/
(iii)
cb
o[Zy
(iv)
f;zwb
r[D
jH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L
(i)
uzrk HHH
(ii)
soBk HHH
(iii)
bzwk HHH
(iv)
t;Dk HHH
eH ;wkBkoEe Ppd fby' L
(i)
rT[ok HHH
(ii)
e[;[X/ HHH
(iii)
ss[ HHH
(iv)
dhox[ HHH
yH tke pDkT[ L
(i)
fwmk; HHH HHH HHH HHH
(ii)
;h; HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iii)
bzwk HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iv)
;ko HHH HHH HHH HHH
17
eftsk
GkJh tho f;zx
P\;hns s/ ouBk
GkJh tho f;zx dk iBw 5 d;zpo, 1872 JhH ƒ
nzfwqs;o ftZu j'fJnk. nkg ih nkX[fBe gzikph
eftsk d/ w'Yh eth jB.
GkJh ;kfjp dh eftsk ftuko dh eftsk j?.
fJj r[opkDh s'A gqGkfts j?. T[j nkgDh eftsk ftu
|oP s'A T[~m e/ noP ’s/ gj[zuD tkb/ ftuko ƒ
g/P eod/ jB. f;Zy ftukoXkok ns/ Gkosh J/esk ƒ
nkgDh eftsk ftZu gqrNkT[Ad/ jB. gqfeosh ƒ nfXnkswe ftuko g/P eoB
d/ wkfXnw d/ o{g ftu tofsnk frnk j?. GkJh
;kfjp B/ ‘BDd^GoikJh’,
‘okDk ;{os f;zx’, ‘wNe j[bko/’, ‘fpibhnK d/ jko’, ‘bfjoK d/ jko’, ‘gqhs
thDk’, ‘ezpdh ebkJh’, ‘w/o/ ;kJhnK ihT[’ ns/ eJh j'o ekft^g[;seK dh
ouBk ehsh.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
;wK
tk;s/
L sob/
xZs
L gkT[Dk$G/iDk
Xohe
L fyZuDk
‘;w/A’ B/ fJe Bk wzBh.
ezBh
L gZbk
cV cV ojh Xohe,
nNe
L i' Bk o[e/
‘;w/A’ fy;ekJh ezBh.
ojh tk;s/ xZs,
fet/A Bk ;Zeh o'e,
nNe i' gkJh, GzBh.
18
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
fsqZy/ nkgD/ t/r,
frnk NZg pzB/ pzBh.
j' ` ni/ ;zGkb fJ; ;w/A ƒ,
eo ;|b T[vzdk iKtdk.
bzx frnk B w[V e/ nktzdk.
fN~gDh
GkJh tho f;zx dh eftsk ‘;wK’ ftZu ;w/A d/ wjZst ƒ T[ikro ehsk
frnk j?. GkJh tho f;zx B/ nkgDh eftsk ftZu ;w/A d/ fBozso uZbD tkb/
bZSD pko/ ftuko ehsh j?. eth dk wZs j? fe ;w/A ƒ fe;/ th sohe/ Bkb
o'fenk BjhA ik ;edk. ;wK jo o[ektN ƒ s'V e/ nkgDh rsh Bkb nZr/
tXdk ofjzdk j?. fJ; eoe/, eth wB[Zy ƒ ;w/A dh edo eoB dk ;zd/P
d/Dk ukj[zdk j?. eftsk nB[;ko fJZe tko phfsnk ;wK w[V jZE BjhA nkT[Adk.
fJ; eoe/ wB[Zy ƒ toswkB ;w/A dk g{ok ;d^T[g:'r eoBk ukjhdk j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
GkJh tho f;zx B/ ;w/A pko/ eh fejk j? <
(ii) eth fe; ƒ tko^tko o'eD dh e'fPP eo fojk j? <
(iii) ;kƒ nkgD/ ihtB ftZu ;|b j'D bJh eh eoBk ukjhdk j? <
(iv) eth ;w/A ƒ o'eD bJh eh^eh isB eodk j? <
(v) eftsk dk ;zy/g ;ko nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.
2H j/m fbyhnK ;soK ƒ gVQ e/ g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fdT[ L
j' ` ni/ ;zGkb fJ; ;w/A ƒ,
eo ;|b T[vzdk iKtdk.
fJj mfjoD iku Bk ikDdk,
bzx frnk B w[V e/ nktzdk.
(i)
L s/I
t/r
L ukb$rsh
iku
L soehp
bzx frnk L fBeb frnk
fJj mfjoD iku Bk ikDdk,
(i)
fsqZy/
jZE ftu'A e"D fBeb fojk j? <
(ii) ;w/A ƒ fe; dk tZb BjhA nkT[Adk <
(iii) T[go'es ;soK ftZu eth d/ wB ftZu fe; soQK dk vo j? <
19
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
ojh tk;s/ xZs
‘;w/A’ B/ fJe Bk wzBh.
cV cV ojh Xohe
‘;w/A’ fy;ekJh ezBh.
N[eVh ir s'A B:koh
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
noPK d/ ftu ‘e[dos d/th’
noPK
L nkekP
Sfjpo
L SkfJnk j'fJnk$
MVh bk e/
;kƒ
tof;nk
fNZp/
eo/t/
L o/s dk fNZbk,
gjkV dh S'Nh
u'Nh
L T[~u/ fNZp/
;[jkfJnk L P'Gk tkbk, ;z[do
BIohA
nkJh,
j[;B^wzvb ftu yVh y/vdh
y[PhnK
Sfjpo
bkJh.
d"Vh B/ fJe w[m Go bhsh
fJ; ftu eh eh nkfJnk L^
gops,
ftu
fNZp/
ns/
w?dkB
eo/t/
;[jkfJnk,
uPw/
L gkDh dk ;o's
BIko/
L fdqP
N[eVh
L S'Nh N[eVh, fjZ;k
uPw/, Bkb/, BdhnK, MhbK
ir
L ;z;ko
fBZe/
B:koh
L tZy, i[dk, nbZr
owI
L fJPkok
mzYhnK SktK, fwZmhnK jtktK,
noP
L y[dk dk s\s,
;[or, d/t^b'e
pB
fit/A
;w[zdo,
pk}K
fij/
;[zdo,
pocK, whAj, X[ZgK s/ pZdb
o[ZsK
noPh
T[;
;[jDh
w/t/
g:ko/,
Bkb
BIko/
nkJ/
w[Zmh
ftu
;ko/.
B/
n;wkB
yV'e/
Xosh
tZb
sek
e/,
fJj w[Zmh y[jbh s/ ;[fNnk
;G
20
e[M
j/m
sek
e/.
fi; Ekt/A Xosh s/ nke/
fJj
w[m
fvZrh
;koh^
U; EkT[A ‘ePwho’ pD frnk
N[eVh
ir
s'A
B:koh.
j? Xosh go ‘S[j n;wkBh’
;z[dosk
ftu
fbPe/,
Xosh d/ o;, ;tkd, BIko/,
‘owI
noP’
dh
e;e/.
fN~gDh
fJ; eftsk ftZu eth
GkJh
tho
f;zx
ih
B/
ePwho dh Xosh pko/ nkgD/
ftuko g/P eofdnK fbfynk
j? fe g{o/ Gkos ftZu fJj
gqKs ;G s'A ;[jDk s/ e[dosh
BIkfonK Bkb Gog{o j?.
fJzi brdk j? fit/A nkekP
dh d/th B/ nkgDh w[Zmh ftu
Go/ d?th \IkB/ fJ; EK ’s/ ;[ZN fdZs/ jB. fJ; eoe/ fJj Xosh ;ko/ iZr
s'A fBnkoh pD rJh j?. fJ; ftZu uPw/, Bkb/, BdhnK ns/ MhbK d/ Gzvko
jB. fJE'A d/ ;'jD/ pkrK eoe/ g{ok tksktoB mzvhnK SktK s/ fwZmhnK jtktK
Bkb Gog{o j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
fe; ƒ s/ eh noPK ftZu BIo nkfJnk <
(ii) noPK dh e[dos d/th dh w[Zmh ftZu eh^eh ;h <
(iii) noPh BIko/ s'A eh Gkt j? <
(iv) ‘;[jDh’ Ppd fe; bJh tofsnk frnk j? <
(v) N[eVh iZr s'A B:koh feZE'A dh Xosh ƒ fejk frnk j? <
21
2H j/m fbyh ekft N[eVh d/ nkXko ’s/ g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fdT[ L
d"Vh B/ fJe w[m Go bhsh
fJ; ftu eh eh nkfJnk L^
gops,
ftu
(i)
fNZp/
ns/
w?dkB
eo/t/
;[jkfJnk,
fJj ekft^N[eVh fe; eth dh j? <
(ii) fJj ;soK fejVh eftsk ftZu'A bJhnK rJhnK jB <
(iii) fe; B/ ‘w[Zm’ Go bJh <
(iv) ‘w[Zmh’ ftZu fejVhnK uhIK nkJhnK <
(v) fJBQK s[eK ƒ fejV/ gq;zr ftZu tofsnk frnk j? <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
j? Xosh go ‘S[j n;wkBh’
;z[dosk
ftu
fbPe/,
Xosh d/ o;, ;tkd, BIko/,
‘owI
noP’
dh
e;e/.
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i)
s[;hA nkgD/ ;w/A dk ;d^T[g:'r fet/A eod/ j' < j|s/ dk nkgDk
g{ok g'qrokw pDk e/ ;wMkT[.
(ii)
ePwho Bkb ;zpzXs e[M ;z[do ;EkBK dhnK s;thoK fJeZso eoe/
fJZe ukoN fsnko eo'.
(iii)
eh s[;hA ed/ ePwho x[zwD pko/ ;'funk j? < i/eo ikD dk w"ek
fwb/ sK eh fsnkoh eo'r/ <
(iv)
‘;[jDh’ B/ nkgDh w[Zmh ftubh ;z[dosk Xosh T[go ;Z[N fdZsh.
i/eo s[;hA T[; dh EK jz[d/ sK eh eod/ <
(v)
|oI eo' s[;hA ;w/A dh ;KG^;zGkb T[go e'Jh GkPD d/Dk j?. s[;hA
fJj fet/A eo'r/ < fby e/ ;wMkT[.
22
nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK rbs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB brkT[ L
(i)
;wK o[eD dh iku BjhA ikDdk.
(ii)
;[jDh B/ w[Zmh ftubh t;s{ n;wkB tZb ;[ZN fdZsh.
(iii)
‘e[dos d/th’ B/ j"bh^j"bh uZb e/ w[Zm Goh.
(iv)
noPK dk BIkok pj[s ;z[do ;h.
(v)
n;wkBh S[j ekoB Xosh ;z[do pD rJh.
JH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
;w/A ƒ HHH BjhA oZfynk ik ;edk.
HHH jZE ftu'A fy;edk iKdk j?.
;w/A d/ ;kjwD/ HHH gkT[D dk e'Jh |kfJdk
BjhA j?.
jZE'A fBebd/ ;w/A dh HHH Bkb fJ; ƒ ;|b
pDkT[Dk ukjhdk j?.
ePwho HHH BIkfonK dh Xosh j?.
;wK
cV e/
tos'A
e[dosh
sob/
;H fto'Xh Ppd fby' L
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
t/r HHHH
Xohe HHH
nNe HHH
;zGkb HHH
;[jDh HHH
fwZmhnK HHH
GoBk HHH
X[Zg HHH
jH ;wkBkoEe Ppd fby' L
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
fwZmhnK HHH
;[zdo HHH
n;wkB HHH
t/r HHH
eH ‘;w/A’ ƒ ‘t/bk’ th nkfynk iKdk j?. fJ; ƒ j'o fejV/ BktK Bkb
g[ekfonk iKdk j? <
HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH
23
eftsk
|ho'IdhB Po|
P\;hns s/ ouBk
|ho'IdhB Po| dk iBw 1898 JhH ftZu okik;K;h
fIbQk nzfwqs;o ftZu \kB tho{ \kB d/ xo j'fJnk.
T[BQK dh fdb fyuthA nktkI eoe/ T[BQK ƒ gzikph
p[bp[b fejk ikD bZfrnk. T[BQK dhnK eftsktK d/
ftP/—fjzd{^w[;fbw
;wki^;[Xko,
d/P^fgnko,
nkIkdh, r[bkwh dh Gzvh nkfd ;B. T[BQK dhnK
ouBktK
jB^‘d[ZyK
d/
ehoB/’,
‘B{oh
doPB’,
‘;[Bfjoh ebhnK’, ‘fjIo dh nZr’, ‘Po'wDh Pjhd’, ‘BphnK dk ;odko’,
‘Po| j[bko/’, ‘Po| T[vkoh’, ‘Po| ;[B/j/’, ‘i'rV’ nkfd. T[BQK dk d/jKs
1955 JhH ftZu j'fJnk. T[BQK B/ nkgDh eftsk okjhA b'eK d/ wBK nzdo gzikp,
gzikph ns/ gzikphns bJh w[jZps g?dk ehsh.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
g/Av{
L fgzv ftZu ofjD
tkbk
PfjohJ/ L Pfjo ftZu ofjD
tkbk
y{p
L pj[s
nzrdk
L ikDdk
nkyD'A
L efjD'A
;zrdk
L PowkT[Adk
w?A gzikph, gzikp dk ofjD tkbk
w?A gzikph, gzikp dk ofjD tkbk,
jK w?A g/Av{ go PfjohJ/ Yzr dk jK.
;wMK T[od{, fjzdh th y{p p'bK,
E'Vh pj[s nzro/ih th nzrdk jK.
p'bh
nkgDh
Bkb
fgnko
oZyK,
fJj rZb nkyD'A edh Bk ;zrdk jK.
24
w'sh fe;/ ;[jkrD dh BZE dk w?A,
N[eVk fe;/ gzikpD dh tzr dk jK.
fwb/ wkD gzikph ƒ d/; nzdo,
nkPe w[ZY'A w?A J/; T[wzr dk jK.
tko; Pkj s/ p[ZbQ/ d/ ozr nzdo
v'p^v'p
e/
fizdrh
ozrdk
jK.
otK fJZE/ s/ :{HghH ’fu eoK rZbK,
n?;h neb ƒ fSZe/ s/ Nzrdk jK.
w?A gzikph, gzikph dk Po| ;/te,
;dk y?o gzikph dh wzrdk jK.
fN~gDh
|ho'IdhB Po| B/ fJ; eftsk ftZu ;kƒ fJj ;wMkT[D dk isB ehsk
j? fe ;kƒ j'o p'bhnK th f;yDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. go nkgDh wK^p'bh dk
;fseko pj[s Io{oh j?. T[j nkgDh fJ; eftsk okjhA gzikph GkPk ƒ d/;
nzdo wkD fdtkT[D dh ekwBk eod/ jB. T[j p[ZbQ/ Pkj ns/ tko; Pkj d/
ftukoK ftZu ozr ikDk ukjz[d/ jB. T[j nkgD/ nkg ƒ gzikph dk ;/tkdko efjzd/
jB ns/ gzikph dk Gbk wzrd/ jB. T[BQK d/ efjD dk Gkt j? fe ;kƒ th
wK^p'bh dh wjZssk ƒ gSkDBk ukjhdk j? ns/ gzikph ƒ fInkdk s'A fInkdk
nkgDh fIzdrh ftZu ngBkT[Dk ukjhdk j?. nkgDh wK^p'bh ƒ ft;ko e/ soZeh
BjhA ehsh ik ;edh. wK^p'bh jh nkg;h^;zuko tk;s/ Y[ethA GkPk wzBh
rJh j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
eth fJ; eftsk ftZu nkgDh wK^p'bh gqsh eh ftuko oydk j? <
(ii) eth eh efjD s'A BjhA ;zrdk <
(iii) eth ƒ nkgDh wK^p'bh s'A fJbktk fejVhnK^fejVhnK GkPktK dk
frnkB j? <
(iv) ;{|h eth tko; Pkj ns/ pZ[bQ/ pkj d/ gqsh eth eh ftuko
oydk j? <
(v) eth fe; uhI dh \?o wzrdk j? <
25
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
w'sh
LosB
BZE
Ln"os d/ BZe
dk rfjDk
wkD
LfJZIs
w[ZY'A
LP[o{ s'A jh
T[wzr
LfJZSk, ekwBk
v'p^v'p
LftukoK ftZu
v[Zp e/
ozrdk
Ly[Pjkb
otK
Lofjzdk
fSZe/ s/ NzrDk Ld{o oyDk
;/te
L;/tkdko
y?o
LGbk
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK d/ nkXko ’s/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fby' L
fwb/ wkD gzikph ƒ d/; nzdo,
nkPe w[ZY'A w?A J/; T[wzr dk jK.
tko; Pkj s/ p[ZbQ/ d/ ozr nzdo
v'p^v'p e/ fizdrh ozrdk jK.
(i)
eth g{o/ d/P nzdo gzikph GkPk ƒ eh doik d/Dk ukjz[dk j? <
(ii) eth tko; Pkj s/ pZ[bQ/ Pkj d/ ozr nzdo feT[A ozfrnk j'fJnk j?<
(iii) eth w[ZY s'A jh eh T[wzr oydk j? <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
;wMK T[od{, fjzdh th y{p p'bK,
E'Vh pj[s nzro/ih th nzrdk jK.
p'bh nkgDh Bkb fgnko oZyK,
fJj rZb nkyD'A edh Bk ;zrdk jK.
gzikp dk rhs
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
;JhU
;'jfDnK
L ;kEDK
d/;K
nzdo,
Bkro t/bK L fJe p{Nk
d/; gzikp Bh ;JhU `
mkmK
L j[bko/
jw/bK
L n"osK dk
rfjDk
fit/A
wskp
L uzd dh ukBDh
c[ZbK
nzdo,
c[Zb r[bkp Bh ;JhU `
obfwb pk}hA ghAxK M{ND,
e[VhnK
i';
Bkro
i[nkBh
fbPeD
t/bK.
mkmK
jko
gfjBD
jho/
w[y
Bh
wskp
jw/bK.
w'sh,
;JhU
;'jfDnK
d/;
26
wko/,
gzikp
d/;K
Bh
`
nzdo,
;JhU
`
i[V w[fNnkoK fsqzRD nzdo,
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
uoy/
fszqRD
L eZsD bJh
e[VhnK dk
j'fJnk
fJeZm
x[ektD
L x[wkT[Dk
szd
L Xkrk, ;{s
T[Bkp
L w?jo{B
(r{VQk bkb)
ozr
p/V/
L tZvh
fePsh
MZbh
L ;fjD
eoBk
skp
L uwe
w"i
L nkBzd
m[we^m[we
L w;s ukb
p?m
x[ektD `
BkIe pKj T[bko fgnkoh,
szd
uoyV/
gktD.
;hB/
nZrK
bktD.
j'm
T[Bkp
Bh
;JhU
;'jfDnK
d/;
jho
;JhnK
d/;K
gzikp Bh
PfjIkdh
p/V/
y/vD
`
nzdo,
;JhU
`
p?mh,
gJhnK
`
uzd d[nkb/ sko/ uweD,
jho
d[nkb/
MZbh
;JhnK
ikJ/
`
BkjhA,
T[jdh skp Bh ;JhU `
;'fjDnK
d/;
d/;K
gzikp Bh
nzdo,
;JhU
`
IwhBK
cbd/ `
‘Po|’ gzikph Xosh T[~s/
m[we m[we gJ/ ubd/ `
;sb[i,
okth,
i/jbw,
nNe, uBkp Bh ;JhU `
;'jfDnK
d/;
d/;K
gzikp Bh
i/jbw,
nNe,
uBkp
w"i bkJh dfonktK ;'jDh,
pk}
;sb[i, okth, L dfonktK
nzdo,
;JhU
`
fN~gDh
|ho'IdhB Po| dh eftsk ‘gzikp’ T[; dh g[;se ‘i'rD’ ftZu'A bJh rJh
j?, fi; ftZu T[; B/ gzikp dh f;|s ehsh j?. gzikp ftZu n"osK ƒ pj[s ;BwkB
fdZsk iKdk j?. eth fJ; eftsk ftZu n'osK dh ;[zdosk dk toBD eodk j?. fsqzRD
ftZu p?m e/ uoy/ eZsdhnK ns/ uoy/ ’s/ szd gkT[AdhnK n"osK pj[s ;z[do brdhnK
jB. T[BQK dh uwe fe;/ s'A MZbh BjhA iKdh. gzikp nzdo dfonktK dh ngko
feogk j?. dfonktK d/ gkDh Bkb gzikp dhnK IwhBK ;'Bk T[rkT[AdhnK jB.
27
d/ BK
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
eth B/ ‘gzikp’ eftsk ftZu e[VhnK dh ;z[dosk dk toDB ehsk j?.
T[; ƒ nkgD/ PpdK ’u fby'.
(ii) fsqzRD ftu p?m e/ w[fNnkoK eh eodhnK jB <
(iii) jho dh skp feT[A BjhA MZbh ik ;edh <
(iv) gzikp dh Xosh T[~s/ m[we^m[we gJ/ ubd/ dfonktK d/ BK fby'.
(v) gzikp nzdo dfonktK B/ eh w"i bkJh j'Jh j? <
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK d/ nkXko ’s/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fby' L
obfwb pk}hA ghAxK M{ND,
e[VhnK
i';
Bkro
i[nkBh
fbPeD
t/bK.
mkmK
jko
gfjBD
jho/
w[y
Bh
wskp
jw/bK.
w'sh,
;JhU
;'jfDnK
d/;
(i)
wko/,
`
d/;K
gzikp
Bh
nzdo,
;JhU
`
e[VhnK pk}K ftZu eh M{ND iKdhnK jB <
(ii) T[BQK d/ rb/ ftZu eh fbPe fojk j[zdk j? <
(iii) T[BQK dk w[Zy fe; soQK dk brdk j? <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk fby' L
w"i bkJh dfonktK ;'jDh,
pk}
IwhBK
cbd/ `
‘Po|’ gzikph Xosh T[~s/
m[we m[we gJ/ ubd/ `
;sb[i,
okth,
i/jbw,
nNe, uBkp Bh ;JhU `
;'jfDnK
d/;
28
gzikp
d/;K
Bh
nzdo,
;JhU
`
nkU e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i)
eh s[jkƒ ed/ gzikph nytkT[D ftZu n"y wfj;{; j'Jh j? < fJ;
soQK dh fe;/ xNBk ƒ nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.
(ii)
|oI eo' s[jkƒ e'Jh ftnesh efjzdk j? fe T[j nkgDh wK^p'bh
dk pj[s ;fseko eodk j?. go T[j ykDk ykD ;w/A fe;/ j'o GkPk
dk n\pko ftSkT[Adk j?. s[;hA T[; ƒ jo/e wK^p'bh dk ;fseko
eoB bJh efjzfdnK ft;sko ftZu gzikph ftZu gZso$fuZmh fby'.
(iii)
nZi eZbQ gzikp ftZu fezB/ dfonk trd/ jB. T[BQK d/ ezY/ t;/ PfjoK
d/ BK dZ;'.
(iv)
eh j[D th gzikp dh gfjbK tkbh PkB poeoko j? < nkgD/ soe
Bkb fJZe fNZgDh fby'.
(v)
gzikp d/ wPj{o ;fGnkukoe fuzBQ ghAx s/ uoy/ d/ wjZst T[~go
o"PBh gkT[Adk fJZe ukoN fsnko eo'.
nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK rbs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L
(i)
eth PfjohJ/ Yzr dk BjhA j?.
(ii)
fszqRD uoyk eZsD tkb/ nkdwhnK dh N'bh ƒ
nkyd/ jB.
(iii)
gzi dfonktK dh Xosh ƒ gzikp efjzd/ jB.
(iv)
jho dhnK ;j/bhnK uzB d[nkb/ skfonK tKr jB.
(v)
dfonktK ekoB IwhBK cb^c[b BjhA ;edhnK.
JH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i)
w[fNnkoK fJeZmhnK j' e/ pkr HHH ghAx
ƒ
M{ND bJh iKdhnK jB.
(ii)
dfonktK
B/
gzikp
dh
Xosh
B/
HHH
ftu
gqc[fbs pDkfJnk j?.
(iii)
Po| e[M e[ HHH th p'b ;edk j?.
(iv)
uoy/ dh szd gkT[D HHH pKj T[bkoBh
nzro/Ih
dh
tk;s/
g?Adh j?.
(v)
|hoI'dhB Po| HHH gzikph HHH PkB ftZu rhs fbfynk j?.
29
;H i'V/ pDkT[ L
tkfo;
GkPk
p[ZbQ/ Pkj
feZ;k
gzikph
ek|hnK
d/;
gzikp
jH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L
(i) nzdo HHH
(ii) m[we^m[we HHH
(iii) i[nkBh HHH
(iv) ;[jDk HHH
eH j/m fby/ PpdK d/ fbzr pdb' L
(i) ;j/bh HHH
(ii) d/; HHH
(iii) nZr HHH
(iv) skok HHH
yH uzd ƒ uzB iK uzdowk th nkfynk iKdk j?. j/mK e[M j'o BK fd~s/ rJ/
jB. T[BQK d/ e[M j'o BK d~;'.
w"i HHH HHH HHH HHH
;JhnK HHH HHH HHH HHH
fbPeD HHH HHH HHH HHH
Xosh HHH HHH HHH HHH
rH j/mK fd~s/ gqPBK d/ ;zy/g ft~u T[Zso fdT[ L
(i)
gzikph dhnK fezBhnK brK^wksoK jB <
(ii)
nB[Bk;eh ftnziB fby'.
(iii) gzikph ftZu g?o ’u g?D tkb/ nZyo fejV/^fejV/ jB <
(iv) gzikph d/ fszB ;_o fby'.
(v)
fszB brkyo fby'.
xH eftsk ft~u'A w[jkto/ b~G e/ T[BQK d/ tke pDkT[.
30
eftsk
fPt e[wko pNkbth
P\;hns s/ ouBk
fPt e[wko pNkbth dk iBw 23 i[bkJh, 1936 JhH
ftu pVk fgzv b'jNhnK, fIbQk f;nkbe'N (gkfe;skB)
ftu j'fJnk. T[BQK d/ fgsk gzfvs feqPB r'gkb fgzv
d/ sfj;hbdko ns/ wksk PKsh d/th xo/b{ n"os
;B. tzv s'A pknd T[j pNkb/ (fIbQk r[odk;g[o)
nk rJ/. fJE/ jh fPt B/ nkgDh w[ZYbh f;Zfynk
gqkgs ehsh. T[BQK dh ;[ohbh nktkI B/ T[BQK ƒ ns/
T[BQK dh eftsk ƒ pVk jh jowB fgnkok pDk fdZsk. T[BQK ƒ gzikph dk P?b/
th fejk iKdk j?. T[BQK dhnK ouBktK jB—‘ghVK dk gokrk’, ‘bkitzsh’,
‘nkN/ dhnK fuVhnK’, ‘w?ƒ ftdk eo'’, ‘b{Dk’, ‘w?A s/ w?A’, ‘nkosh’, ‘fpojk
sz{ ;[bskB’ nkfd. T[BQK dk d/jKs 6 wJh, 1973 JhH ƒ j'fJnk. 1967 ftZu
T[BQK dh ;kfjse ouBk ‘b{Dk’ ’s/ T[BQK ƒ ;kfjs nekdwh g[o;eko fwfbnk.
fPt dh eftsk d[Zy, fBZih dod ns/ ftS'V/ ’s/ e/Adfos j?.
o[~y
e[M oZ[y w?ƒ g[Zs brd/ B/
e[M o[Zy brd/ wktK
e[M o[Zy ƒjK XhnK brd/
e[M o[Zy tKr GoktK
31
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
e[M o[Zy w/o/ pkp/ tkeD
tkeD
L tor/
gZso
L doys dk gZsk
u{oh
L PZeo fxT[ ftZu
e[ZNh j'Jh o'Nh
fwZmk
L fgnkok
e[M o[Zy :koK tor/ brd/
d[yktK
L d[Zy tkbk
tktK
L jtktK
u[zwK s/ rb bktK
;kth
L joh Goh, \[Pp{Bw
[ k
i{B/
L iBw
gZso NktK NktK
e[M o[Zy w/oh dkdh tor/
u{oh gktD ektK
fJe w/oh wfjp{p tkeD
fwZmk ns/ d[yktK
e[M o[Zy w/ok fdb eodk J/
w'Y/ u[Ze fyvktK
e[M o[Zy w/ok fdb eodk J/
u[zwK s/ wo iktK
e[M o[Zy id th ob e/ M{wD
s/I trD id tktK
;kth p'bh ;G o[ZyK dh
fdb eodk fby iktK
w/ok th fJj fdb eodk J/
o[Zy dh i{B/ nktK
i/ s[;K w/ok rhs j? ;[DBk
w?A o[ZyK ftu rktK
o[Zy sK w/oh wK tor/ B/
fiT[A o[ZyK dhnK SktK.
fN~gDh
fPt e[wko pNkbth B/ fJ; eftsk okjhA ;kv/ wjZstg{oB ;wkfie
foPfsnK ƒ o[ZyK Bkb i'fVnk j?. fJBQK ftZu \{B d/ foPs/ th Pkfwb jB.
pugB ftu fiBQK oZ[yK ’s/ uVQ e/ n;hA y/vK y/fvnk eod/ ;h, T[j o[Zy ;kv/
bJh fwZsoK ns/ GoktK s'A xZN BjhA jB. wB[ZyK dk o[ZyK Bkb r{VQk foPsk
j?. wB[Zy d/ iBw s'A b? e/ woB sZe o[Zy T[; dk gZek ;kE fBGkT[Ad/ jB.
go wB[Zy fJBQK o[ZyK ƒ tZY^tZY e/ Xosh T[~go tksktoB ;zs[bB ƒ \okp eoB
ftZu bZrk j'fJnk j?. ftfrnkB ns/ gqrsh dh nzBQh d"V ftu n;hA nkgD/
;[nkoE bJh r[Dekoh, gqd{PB o'eD tkb/, toyk fbnkT[D ftZu wdd eoB tkb/
o[ZyK ƒ eZN e/ tksktoB ƒ \okp eoB ftZu Gkrhdko Bk pDhJ/.
32
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
o[ZyK dk wB[Zy Bkb eh foPsk j? <
(ii) o[Zy ed'A ob e/ M{wd/ jB <
(iii) b/ye fJ; eftsk ftZu fejVh i{B ftu nkT[D dh rZb eodk j? <
(iv) fJ; eftsk ftZu SktK dh s[bBk fe; Bkb ehsh rJh j? <
(v) o[ZyK dh p'bh fe; soQK dh j? <
(vi) :koK tor/ brd/ o[ZyK pko/ b/ye d/ eh ftuko jB <
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK d/ nkXko ’s/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fby' L
e[M o[Zy id th ob e/ M{wD
s/I trD id tktK
;kth p'bh ;G o[ZyK dh
fdb eodk fby iktK
w/ok th fJj fdb eodk J/
o[Zy dh i{B/ nktK
(i) id'A s/I jtktK ubdhnK jB sK oZ[y eh eod/ jB <
(ii) ;G o[ZyK dh p'bh fejVh j? <
(iii) eth dk o[ZyK dh i{B ftZu nkT[D ƒ fdb feT[A eodk j? <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
e[M o[Zy w/o/ pkp/ tkeD
gZso NktK NktK
e[M o[Zy w/oh dkdh tor/
u{oh gktD ektK
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
jzM{nK dk GkVk
GkVk
L wId{oh,
feokfJnk
s?ƒ fdnK jzM{nK dk GkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
33
ghVK
L d[y,
gokrk
L nBki dk S'Nk
fjZ;k (u[zr)
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
e[t/bk
L Pkw j' ikDk
(d/o j' ikDh)
p/fbnK
L izrb
GZmh tkbhJ/ uzp/ dhJ/ vkbhJ/
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
(uorkj)
jkbhnK
L ;kEhnK
j' frnk e[t/bk w?ƒ
N[o
L ubk frnk
Yb rJhnK SktK Bh
g{o
L N'bk
wkVk
L p[ok
p/fbnK ’u'A w[V rJhnK
gzv
L rZm
f;ZbQh
L frZbh
fgZbh
L fgbfgbh
d[rkVk
L ;wZf;nk
wZMhnK s/ rktK Bh
gkfJnk fuVhnK B/ uhe^fujkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
s?ƒ fdnK jzM{nK dk GkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
S/sh S/sh eohA
w?A s/ ikDk pVh d{o Bh
fiE/ w/o/ jkDhnK dk
N[o frnk g{o Bh
U; fgzv dk ;[DhAd? okj wkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
s?ƒ fdnK jzM{nK dk GkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
w/oh tkoh gZfsnK dh
gzv f;ZbQh j' rJh
fwZNh dh eVkjh s/oh
ekjƒ fgZbh j' rJh
s/o/ ;/e ƒ ehj tZfink d[rkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
34
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
s?ƒ fdnK jzM{nK dk GkVk
bZg
L fJZe jZE dk
o[Zr
u[zr
L e[M fjZ;k
N'o
L G/iDk
bZg e[ J/ uz[r w/oh
o'VQ
L eoko/ eoBk
w?ƒ gfjbK N'o Bh
fwzBsK
L sob/
g[nkVk
L MziN
ftobkg
L o'D^fgND
wZmk wZmk
L E'VQk^E'VQk
skg
L p[\ko
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
eZu/ eZu/ oZy Bk Bh
o'VQ E'VQ/ j'o Bh
eoK fwzBsK w[ek d/ Bh g[nkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
s?ƒ fdnK jzM{nK dk GkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
;"A rJhnK jtktK o' o'
eo ftobkg Bh
skfonK ƒ uVQ frnk
wZmk wZmk skg Bh
izR ;kjtK dh dk o[Z; frnk bkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
s?ƒ fdnK jzM{nK dk GkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
fN~gDh
fPt e[wko pNkbth ‘jzM{nK dk GkVk’ eftsk ftZu gqsheK okjhA d[ZyK dh
rZb eodk j?. eth fJ; eftsk ftZu }wrhB j?, T[j GZmh tkbh ƒ d[ZyK ƒ
G[zBD bJh efjzdk j?. eth ghVK dk gokrk G[zBkT[D pdb/ jzM{nK dk GkVk
d/D dh th rZb eodk j?. noEks d[ZyK s'A fBIks gkT[D dh noI'Jh eodk
j?. T[; B/ pj[s d{o ikDk j? ns/ T[; d/ ;zrh^;kEh th nZr/ fBeb rJ/ jB.
T[j GZmh tkbh ƒ ibdh Bkb dkD/ G[zBD bJh efjzdk j?.
35
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
eth GZmh tkbh ƒ eh G[zBD bJh efjzdk j? <
(ii) eth B/ fJ; eftsk ftZu Pkw dk i' fdqP toDB ehsk j?, T[; ƒ
ft;Ekog{ote fby'.
(iii) eth GZmh tkbh ƒ S/sh^S/sh dkD/ G[zBD bJh feT[A efjzdk j? <
(iv) eth dh id'A dkD/ G[zBkT[D dh tkoh nkT[Adh j? sK T[d'A eh j'
iKdk j?.
(v) jtktK eh eo e/ ;"A rJhnK jB <
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK d/ nkXko ’s/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fby' L
j' frnk e[t/bk w?ƒ
Yb rJhnK SktK Bh
p/fbnK ’u'A w[V rJhnK
wZMhnK s/ rktK Bh
gkfJnk fuVhnK B/ uhe^fujkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
(i)
e[t/bk j'D ’s/ eh Yb iKdk j? <
(ii) fdB Yb ikD ’s/ p/fbnK ftu'A e"D tkg; w[V iKdk j? <
(iii) uhe^fujkVK feBQK B/ gkfJnk j'fJnk ;h <
(iv) eth fe; uhI dk feokfJnk d/D bJh efjzdk j? <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
w/oh tkoh gZfsnK dh
gzv f;ZbQh j' rJh
fwZNh dh eVkjh s/oh
ekjƒ fgZbh j' rJh
s/o/ ;/e ƒ ehj tZfink d[rkVk
Bh ghVK dk gokrk G[zB d/
GZmh tkbhJ/.
36
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i)
ed/ s[jkƒ th e'Jh o[Zy uzrk bZfrnk j?, nfij/ o[Zy d/ r[DK
pko/ fby'.
(ii)
tksktoB gqd{PD dh ;wZf;nk ns/ fJ; d/ jZb ƒ do;kT[Adk fJZe
ukoN fsnko eo'.
(iii)
id'A s[jkvk fwZso d[Zy^dod ftu ;h sK eh s[;hA T[; dh wdd ehsh
;h < i/ wdd ehsh ;h sK fe; o{g ftZu. T[; ƒ nkgD/ PpdK
ftZu fby'.
(iv)
dkD/ G[zBD tkbhnK eZuhnK GZmhnK dk IwkBk j[D brgr phsdk ik
fojk j?. BthnK s/ g[okDhnK GZmhnK dh s[bBk eod/ j'J/ fJe
g'qi?eN fsnko eo'.
(v)
gzikph ;fGnkuko ftZu fuVh fJZe wjZstg{oB fuzBQ j?. j[D fJ;
dh j'Ad ƒ \sok g?dk j' frnk j?. fuVh dh ;KG^;zGkb bJh e[M
;[Mkn fdT[.
nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) s/ }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L
(i)
eth GZmh tkbh ƒ ;Zuw[Zu d/ dkD/ G[zBD bJh nkydk j?.
(ii)
pNkbth o[Zy dh i{B ftZu nkT[D dk fJS[Ze j?.
(iii)
fuVhnK u[Zgukg p?mhnK jB.
(iv)
eth fJe gokrk dkD/ G[zBkT[D bJh efjzdk j?.
(v)
eth B/ o[ZyK dh s[bBk foPfsnK Bkb BjhA ehsh j?.
JH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i)
dkD/ HHH ftZu G[zB/ iKd/ jB.
(ii)
fuVhnK HHH eodhnK jB.
(iii)
n;wkB ftZu sko/ HHH jB.
(iv)
eth o[Zy ƒ HHH efjzdk j?.
(v)
wZMK^rktK ƒ ukoB bJh HHH ftZu
p/fbnK
uhA uhA
eVkjh
g[~s
fbikfJnk iKdk j?.
37
uwed/
;H i'V/ pDkT[ L
BkBh dk xo
;j[o/
dkdh dk xo
g/e/
wK dk xo
dkde/
;Z; dk xo
BkBe/
jH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L
(i)
SktK HHH
(ii)
d{o HHH
(iii)
S/sh HHH
(iv)
eZuk HHH
yH j/m fby/ PpdK d/ tke pDkT[ L
(i)
gokrk HHH
(ii)
jzM{ HHH
(iii)
bZg e[ HHH
(iv)
ftobkg HHH
(v)
e[t/bk
(vi)
u{oh HHH
(vii)
i{B HHH
(viii) SktK HHH
(ix)
NktK NktK HHH
eH wK d/ fgsk ƒ BkBk efjzd/ jB. j/m fby/ foPfsnK d/ nkXko ’s/ ykbh
EktK Go' L
wkwk, ukuk, G{nk, wk;h, skfJnk, dkdk, BkBh, dkdh
fgsk d/ fgsk HHH
fgsk dh wK HHH
wK dh wK HHH
wK dk Gok HHH
fgsk dk tZvk Gok HHH
fgsk dk S'Nk Gok HHH
wK dh G?D
fgsk dh G?D HHH
38
fBoXB
Bzd bkb B{og[oh
P\;hns s/ ouBk
Bzd bkb B{og[oh dk iBw 1906 JhH th ftZu
B{og[o, fIbQk bkfJbg[o, gkfe;skB fty/ j'fJnk.
T[BQK d/ fgsk dk BK fpPB f;zx s/ wksk dk BK
j[ew d/th ;h. T[BQK B/ bkfJbg[o \kb;k ekbi s'A
f;Zfynk jk;b ehsh. fJj ;wK nkIkdh bfjoK dk
;h. B{og[oh dh gfjbh ouBk ‘B{og[ohnK’ BK
j/m gzikp dh tzv s'A gfjbK bkj"o ftZu Sgh ;h.
T[; s'A pknd ‘tzrK’, ‘fiT[Adk gzikp’, ‘B{og[oh d/
rhs’, ‘;[rks’ nkfd eJh ekft$rhs^;zrqfj Sg/. GkPk ftGkr, gzikp B/
‘;[rks’ ƒ fJZe T[~sw ouBk ti'A ;BwkfBs ehsk. B{og[oh B/ eftsk, rhs,
}Ib nkfd eJh ekft^o{gK T[~s/ jZE nIwkfJnk j?. T[BQK dhnK eftsktK dk
ftPk^y/so ek|h ftPkb j?. gzikph ihtB, ofjDh^pfjDh ns/ fJZE'A d/ S?b,
rZGo{nK s/ pKehnK w[fNnkoK d/ toBD ftZu T[BQK dk e'Jh w/b BjhA. T[BQK
B/ o'wKue rhsK d/ Bkb^Bkb d/P^Grsh, ;wkie u/szBsk ns/ Xkowe GktBk
tkb/ rhs th fby/ jB. T[BQK dh GkPk pVh ;ob s/ ;[Gkfte j?. Bzd bkb
B{og[oh ƒ ‘rhsK dk pkdPkj’ th fejk iKdk j?.
39
fBoXB
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
mheohnK
LN[eV/
sfonk eo Lgko eo
nks[o
Lftnke[b,
phwko
ek;k
LpkNk, GKvk
e{bk
Le'wb
szd
LXkrk
oyP/
L;{oi
Pkj n;tko LI'okto
dksk
dhnK
p/gotkjhnK
T[J/
p/gotkjk
vfonk
s'A
eo.
sz{ jodw dw dw eodk J/A,
dw d/D/ B/ dw Gfonk eo.
uKdh dhnK frD frD mheohnK
sz{ oks fdB/ Bk wfonk eo.
T[j gb ftu ib Eb eo d/Adk,
fJj ;kro ;'u e/ sfonk eo.
fMVeDk
LvKNDk
dpekBk
LvKNDk
fJj
eowkfJnk
LezwK ;dek
sz{ g?o ;wM e/ Xfonk eo.
d[BhnK
fsbeD^pkIh
J/,
fe;/ fBoXB nks[o d[yhJ/ dk,
e[M Gko th j"bk efonk eo.
T[j
i/eo
ek;/
th
w\wb
s\s
jZE
d/
e{b/
szdK
d/
;Zg
oyP/
d/
jzfGnK
pmkT[Adk
J/,
cVkT[Adk
J/.
e[Vs/
’u'A,
bVkT[Adk
J/.
e[bhnK
ƒ,
T[j Pkj n;tko pDkT[Adk J/.
rfXnK dhnK SZNK gk gk e/,
P/oK
ƒ
d[Bhnk
xkj
d/
y{B
y[tkT[Adk
J/.
g;hB/
d/,
Bk oks fdB/ x[ZN Gfonk eo.
fe;/ fBoXB nks[o d[yhJ/ dk,
e[M Gko th j"bk efonk eo.
fJj
s/o/
g[Zso
tork
Jh
fi; ƒ sz{ fMVeh ikBk J/A.
GrtkB fJjd/ ftu t;dk J/,
GrtkB ƒ feT[A dpekBk J/A.
J/;/
d/
fgT[
eowkfJnk
Jh,
i' nzdo tV tV ykBk J/A.
40
nkgD/ ƒ jho efj efj e/,
p'M/
ftu
e[dos
dh
jho/
gkBk
J/A.
J/;
nzr{oh
ƒ,
sz{ gP{nK tKr Bk ufonk eo.
fe;/ fBoXB nks[o d[yhJ/ dk,
e[M Gko th j"bk efonk eo.
fJj T[; dks/ dh Broh J/,
sz{ fi; Broh ftu t;dk J/A.
fBZxfonk
t/y
r[nKYh
ƒ,
fBZs j[Zpdk J/A fBZs jZ;dk J/A.
p{j/
s/
nkJ/
|ehoK
G[Zy/
s/
Bzr/
d;dk
ƒ,
J/A.
wkV/ dhnK jZvhnK ghjBk J/A,
seV/ dhnK sbhnK M;dk J/A.
seV/
sz{
dh
wkV/
i/eo
dh
th
iodk
J/A,
ifonk
eo,
fe;/ fBoXB nks[o d[yhJ/ dk,
e[M Gko th j"bk efonk eo.
sz{
d'jK
pzdk
B/
J/A
fJj
J/E/
jh
pzdk
ofjDk
J/
J/A.
sz{ seVk ;jh fJj wkVk ;jh,
ezw
wkV/
s/o/
rb
Bkb
th
fuZNk
g?Dk
J/A.
e[Vsk
i/,
e'Jh fJjB/ bkj Bk b?Dk J/A.
fJj
fwZNh
fwZNh
ftu
J/
sz{
obDk
fwZNh
J/A,
g?DK
J/A.
T[j jo jo d/ ftu t;dk J/,
sz{ jo d/ e'b'A jfonk eo.
fe;/ fBoXB nks[o d[yhJ/ dk,
e[M Gko th j"bk efonk eo.
41
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
p'Mk
Li/p$yh;k
fBxfonk
LXZf;nk
j[Zpdk
Ly[P j[zdk j?
ioBk
L;fjDk
wkVk
LewI'o,
rohp
fN~gDh
fJ; eftsk ftZu eth wB[Zy ƒ fusktBh d/ fojk j? fe T[; ƒ gowkswk
dh p/togkjh s'A voBk ukjhdk j?. T[j gowkswk ƒ G[Zb e/ d[fBnkth ihtB
ftZu gdkoEe d"V ftZu o[ZMk j'fJnk j?. wB[Zy ƒ ;'u^;wM e/ jh d[Bhnk ftZu
ftuoBk ukjhdk j?. nkgDh ;wZoEk nB[;ko rohp ns/ bkuko dh wdd th
eoBh ukjhdh j?.
eth ftnesh ƒ ;wMkT[Adk j? fe gowkswk eD^eD ftZu t;dk j?. fJ;
d[Bhnk ftZu jo ftnesh Gkt/A T[j nwho j? Gkt/A rohp, ;G dh nfjwhns
j?. d't/A fJZe' f;Ze/ d/ d' gfjb{ jB. ;G ƒ fJZe d{i/ d/ ;fj:'r Bkb jh ubDk
gt/rk. wB[Zy ƒ gowkswk d/ ;ko/ pzfdnK ƒ fJZe' fijk wzB e/ d[yhnK ns/
bkukoK dh wdd eod/ ofjDk ukjhdk j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
fJ; eftsk dk e/Adoh Gkt eh j? <
(ii) wB[Zy ƒ fJ; d[Bhnk ftZu fe; rZb s'A ;[u/s j' e/ ihT{Dk
ukjhdk j? <
(iii) EZe/^jko/ e[bhnK ƒ gowkswk eh pDk ;edk j? <
(iv) eth seV/ (nwho) wB[Zy ƒ fe; ƒ fMVeD s'A wBQK eodk j?
ns/ feT[A <
(v) wB[Zy ƒ eth fe; soQK d/ ftseo/ s'A o'edk j? <
(vi) rhs nB[;ko wB[Zy ƒ ihtB ftZu ihT{D dk eh ;zd/P fdZsk
frnk j? <
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK ƒ gVQ e/ g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fdT[ L
fJj
s/o/
g[Zso
tork
Jh
fi; ƒ sz{ fMVeh ikBk J/A.
GrtkB fJjd/ ftu t;dk J/,
GrtkB ƒ feT[A dpekBk J/A.
J/;/
d/
fgT[
eowkfJnk
Jh,
i' nzdo tV tV ykBk J/A.
nkgD/ ƒ jho efj efj e/,
p'M/
42
ftu
jho/
gkBk
J/A.
e[dos dh J/; nzr{oh ƒ,
sz{ gP{nK tKr Bk ufonk eo.
fe;/ fBoXB nks[o d[yhJ/ dk,
e[M Gko th j"bk efonk eo.
(i) fJjBK ;soK ftZu e"D fe; ƒ fMVe fojk j? <
(ii) eth fe; ƒ ns/ feT[A ;ziw ftZu ihT{D bJh efj fojk j?.
(iii) eth seV/ wB[Zy ƒ fe; dk Gko j"bk eoB bJh efj fojk j? <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
sz{ pzdk J/A fJj pzdk J/
d'jK B/ J/E/ jh ofjDk J/A.
sz{ seVk ;jh fJj wkVk ;jh,
ezw wkV/ Bkb th g?Dk J/A.
s/o/ rb fuZNk e[Vsk i/,
e'Jh fJjB/ bkj Bk b?Dk J/A.
fJj fwZNh J/ sz{ fwZNh J/A,
fwZNh ftu obDk g?DK J/A.
T[j jo jo d/ ftu t;dk J/,
sz{ jo d/ e'b'A jfonk eo.
fe;/ fBoXB nks[o d[yhJ/ dk,
e[M Gko th j"bk efonk eo.
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
i/ s[jkƒ fe;/ fBoXB ftnesh$gfotko dh wdd eoB dk w"ek fwb/
sK s[;hA fet/A wdd eo'r/ <
jVQ d/ ekoB fe;/ fJbke/ ftZu Gkoh spkjh j' rJh j?. s[;hA nkgD/
;e{b tZb'A T[BQK dh wdd eoBk ukjz[d/ j'. ;e{b d/ ;ko/
ftfdnkoEhnK dh fJ; wdd ftZu GkJhtkbh j' ;e/, T[; bJh s[;hA
;e{b d/ B'fN; p'ov T[~s/ fJ; pko/ ;zpzfXs ;{uBk fby e/ brkT[.
;wki ftZu'A T{u^Bhu \sw eoB d/ we;d Bkb fJ; rhs ƒ :kd
eoe/ ;t/o dh gqkoEBk ;Gk iK iwks ’u rkT[D dk nfGnk; eo'.
;wki ftZu c?bh T{u^Bhu pko/ s[jkv/ eh ftuko jB < fJ; pko/
ft;sko Bkb fby'.
43
(v)
eh s[jkƒ oZp ftZu ftPtk; j? < eh e'Jh Xow nwho^rohp d/
ftseo/ dk gquko eodk j? < i/ BjhA sK wjK^g[oPK d/ jtkb/ Bkb
nkgDk soe g/P eo'.
nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB brkT[ L
(i)
gqwkswk nwho ƒ th rohp pDk ;edk j?.
(ii)
fe;/ bkuko ftnesh ƒ nkgDh jkbs T[~go BjhA SZv
d/Dk ukjhdk.
(iii)
rohp Bkb GrtkB ƒ e'Jh jwdodh BjhA jz[dh.
(iv)
seV/ pzd/ ƒ wkV/ pzd/ dh gqtkj BjhA eoBh ukjhdh.
(v)
gqqwkswk e[bhnK ƒ th nwho pDk ;edk j?.
JH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i)
pzd/ ƒ HHH dh ewkJh eoB tkfbnK dk
P'PD Bk eoB bJh fejk frnk j?.
(ii)
y[Pkwd
fJ; vktKv'b d[BhnK ftZu wB[Zy ƒ HHH e/
w"s
uZbD dh b'V j?.
(iii)
;oho
B/
nkfyoeko
ikDk j?.
HHH
ftu
fwb
;zGb
fw~Nh
y{B g;hB/
(iv)
eth pzd/ ƒ \kj^w\kj seV/ pzd/ dh HHH Bk eoB dh p/Bsh eodk j?.
(v)
rhs ftZu pzd/ ƒ HH dk vo fdyk e/ uzr/ eow eoB bJh ;wMkfJnk
frnk j?.
;H fto'Xh Ppd fby' L
(i)
fBoXB HHH
(ii)
t;Dk HHH
(iii)
wkVk HHH
(iv)
j"bk HHH
jH tke pDkT[ L
(i)
|eho HHH HHH HHH HHH
(ii)
fBoXB HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iii)
seVk HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iv)
GrtkB HHH HHH HHH HHH
44
j"A;b/ s'A ezw bJhJ/ HHH
uso f;zx pho
P\;hns s/ ouBk
uso f;zx pho dk iBw 27 nr;s, 1925 ƒ
nzfwqs;o fIbQ/ d/ fgzv u"skbk fty/ fgsk eow f;zx
d/ xo wksk osB e"o dh e[Zy'A j'fJnk.
uso f;zx pho dhnK ekft^g[;seK jB—
‘MKio SDe gJh’, ‘v[Zpd/ gZEo sko/’, ‘w?A th jkIo
jK’, ‘n;hA e"D jK’, ‘f;|s ;bkj’ nkfd. fJ; s'A
fJbktk pZfunK bJh ‘b/y bVh’, ‘;KMh eftsk’,
‘ekft eE{oh’ ns/ ‘tzB^;[tzBh’ feskpK dh ;zgkdBk th ehsh j?.
uso f;zx pho ƒ gzikp ;oeko, gzikph fbNo/oh n?Av ebuob
n?;';hJ/PB, fdZbh, gzikph nekdwh, fdZbh, ;zs fBXkB f;zx e/;o ;kfjse
g[o;eko ew/Nh p?Aeke ns/ gzikph ;kfjs ;Gk (ofiH) fdZbh tZb'A wkD^;BwkB
gqkgs j'J/ jB.
j"A;b/ s'A ezw bJhJ/ HHH
j"A;b/ s'A ezw bJhJ/ fjzwsK Bk jkohJ/.
f;o T[~s/ gJhnK fIzw/tkohnK T[skohJ/.
45
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
e[M b'e pkr ƒ T[ikVD/ dh ;'ud/ B/.
fcNekoBk
;{j/ c[Zb nZr ftZu ;kVD/ dh ;'ud/ B/.
fsjkfJnk
LfXZekoBk,
bkjBs
gkT[Dk
fe;/ th Pokosh dh wzBhJ/A Bk rZb e'Jh,
c[ZN gkT[D tkfbnK ƒ d{o'A fcNekohJ/.
Lfgnk;k
fdb ftZu
bZrh nZr
Lpdb/
GktBk
dh
j"A;b/ s'A ezw bJhJ/ fjzwsK Bk jkohJ/.
f;o T[~s/ gJhnK fIzw/tkohnK T[skohJ/.
e/j' fijk ;wK ;kv/ d/; T[~s/ nkfJnk j?.
nkdwh jh nkdwh d/ bj{ dk fsjkfJnk j?.
fdbK ftZu bZrh j'Jh nZr ƒ p[MkJhJ/ n;hA,
fJZe d{i/ T[~s'A n;hA fizd ikB tkohJ/.
j"A;b/ s'A ezw bJhJ/ fjzwsK Bk jkohJ/.
f;o T[~s/ gJhnK fIzw/tkohnK T[skohJ/.
J/esk d/ ftZu ;kv/ d/; dh GbkJh j?.
J/esk jh nZi ;kv/ d[Zy dh dtkJh j?.
t?o s/ fto'X tkbk e{Vk ;kok jz{M d/JhJ/,
fdbK ftZu ozr ;[Zu/ fgnko dk fBykohJ/.
j"A;b/ s'A ezw bJhJ/ fjzwsK Bk jkohJ/.
f;o T[~s/ gJhnK fIzw/tkohnK T[skohJ/.
G[Zb/ j'J/ ;kEhnK ƒ f;ZX/ okj/ gkT[Dk j?.
n;hA d/P nkgDk spkjh s'A pukT[Dk j?.
t/jfVnK d/ ftZu p{N/ phihJ/ w[jZpsK d/,
u"jhA gk;hA wfje GkJhuko/ dh fybkohJ/.
j"A;b/ s'A ezw bJhJ/ fjzwsK Bk jkohJ/.
f;o T[~s/ gJhnK fIzw/tkohnK T[skohJ/.
46
fN~gDh
fJj rhs uso f;zx pho dh ekft^g[;se ‘f;cs ;bkj’ ftZu'A fbnk
frnk j?. fJ; rhs ftZu eth dZ;dk j? fe ;kƒ fjzws BjhA jkoBh ukjhdh.
j"A;b/ Bkb nkgDh fIzw/tkoh fBGkT[Ad/ j'J/ ihtB ihT{Dk ukjhdk j?. rhs d/
p'bK nB[;ko G?Vh ;'u oZyD tkfbnK ƒ BIdhe BjhA nkT[D d/Dk ukjhdk.
nkg;h fttkd d{o eoe/ fwb^i[b e/ ofjDk ukjhdk j?. J/esk ftZu jh ;wki
dh GbkJh j?. J/esk ftZu jh ;ko/ ;[Zy jB. t?o^fto'X d{o eoe/ nkg; ftZu
fgnko Bkb ofjDk ukjhdk j?. fijV/ b'e nkgD/ ftukoK ns/ eko^ftjkoK
okjhA GNe/ j'J/ jB, ;kƒ T[BQK ƒ ;jh ;/X d/Dh ukjhdh j?. fJzi eoB Bkb
nkgD/ d/; ns/ GkJhuko/ dh soZeh ftZu fjZ;k gkfJnk ik ;edk j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
eth feBQK b'eK ƒ fjzws Bk jkoB bJh efjzdk j? <
(ii) pk} o{gh d/; ƒ T[ikVB tkb/ Bkb eh ftjko eoBk ukjhdk j? <
(iii) d/; T[~s/ nkJ/ p[o/ ;w/A ƒ fet/A mhe ehsk ik ;edk j? <
(iv) nkg;h t?o^fto'X fet/A fwNkfJnk ik ;edk j? <
(v) eth nkgD/ d/; ftZu fejVh wfje fybkoB dh rZb eodk j?
ns/ fet/A <
(vi) nkdwh fejVh uhI dk fgnk;k j' frnk j? <
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK d/ nkXko ’s/ g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fby' L
J/esk d/ ftZu ;kv/ d/; dh GbkJh j?.
J/esk jh nZi ;kv/ d[Zy dh dtkJh j?.
t?o s/ fto'X tkbk e{Vk ;kok jz{M d/JhJ/,
fdbK ftZu ozr ;[Zu/ fgnko dk fBykohJ/.
(i)
fJBQK ;soK ftZu fejV/ d[Zy dh rZb ehsh rJh j? <
(ii) d/; dh GbkJh fe; rZb ftZu j? <
(iii) fej' fijk e{Vk jz{MD Bkb fdb fByo iK fbPe ;ed/ jB <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
e[M b'e pkr ƒ T[ikVD/ dh ;'ud/ B/.
;{j/ c[Zb nZr ftZu ;kVD/ dh ;'ud/ B/.
47
fe;/ th Pokosh dh wzBhJ/A Bk rZb e'Jh,
c[ZN gkT[D tkfbnK ƒ d{o'A fcNekohJ/.
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i)
d/; Grsh Bkb ;zpzfXs fe;/ j'o eth dh eftsk ;e{b dh
bkfJpo/oh ftZu'A bZG e/ ukoN ’s/ fby'.
(ii)
fJ; rhs ƒ g{o/ jkt^Gkt Bkb b?n ftZu rk e/ foekov eo' ns/
iwks ftZu foekofvzr ;[DkT[.
(iii)
d/; ftZu ni'e/ jkbks pko/ nkgD/ ftuko gq;s[s eo'.
(iv)
;wkie t?o^fto'X ekoB s[jkƒ iK s[jkv/ fe;/ ikDeko ƒ e'Jh
B[e;kB j'fJnk j? < nfijh jkbs ƒ nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.
(v)
‘J/esk ftu pb j?’ d/ nkXko ’s/ fJe g?ok ouBk eo'.
nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L
(i)
fjzws Bkb fIzw/tkoh fBGkT[Dh ukjhdh j?.
(ii)
fe;/ dh ykso fizd^ikB BjhA tkoBh ukjhdh.
(iii)
w[jZps dk p{Nk phiD Bkb GkJhukoe ;KM dk ;zd/P
fdZsk ik ;edk j?.
(iv)
Pokosh ftneshnK dh rZb BjhA wzBDh ukjhdh.
(v)
t?o^fto'X Bkb jh J/esk nk ;edh j?.
JH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i)
fJe d{i/ d/ Gb/ bJh fdbK ftubh HHH
ƒ \sw eoBk Io{oh j?.
(ii)
c[ZN gkT[D tkfbnK ƒ HHH ukjhdk j?.
(iii)
fIzw/tkoh fBGkT[D tk;s/ HHH dh e'Jh
fcNekoBk
pkr
j"A;b/
b'V j?.
(iv)
d/; ƒ popkdh s'A pukT[D bJh b'eK
ƒ HHH okj gkT[D dh b'V j?.
(v)
b'eK ftZu HHH ƒ T[ikVB dh e'Jh GktBk
BjhA j?.
48
B|os
f;~X/
;H i'V/ pDkT[ L
pk}
fyVBk
c[Zb
trDk
bj{
jfonkbh
nZr
w[jZps
B|os
p[MkT[Dh
jH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L
(i)
fjzws HHH
(ii)
T[ikVBk HHH
(iii)
T[skoBk HHH
(iv)
fybkoBk HHH
eH fit/A ‘fIzw/tkoh’ fBGkJh iKdh j?, fejk iKdk j?, T[;/ soQK j/m fbfynK ƒ
eh ejKr/ <
(i)
ikB HHH
(ii)
wfje HHH
(iii)
nZr HHH
(iv)
c[Zb HHH
yH tke pDkT[ L
(i)
fjzws Bk jkoBk HHH HHH HHH HHH
(ii)
c[ZN gkT[Dk HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iii)
bj{ dk fsjkfJnk HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iv)
fcNekoBk HHH HHH HHH HHH
49
;wekbhnK ƒ
skok f;zx ekwb
P\;hns s/ ouBk
skok f;zx ekwb dk iBw fgzv j{eVK, fIbQk
j[fPnkog[o, gzikp ftZu j'fJnk. T[BQK ƒ eftsk dh
oZph dks gqkgs j'Jh j?. T[j nkX[fBe gzikph eth
;B. T[BQK B/ eftsk ƒ ;ob pDkT[D dh e'fPP
ehsh. p"fXe eftsk dh ouBk ;w/A th T[BQK B/
;[oskb s/ ekft^;[ji dk g{ok fXnkB oZfynk. skok
f;zx ekwb dhnK e[M gqw[Zy ouBktK fJ; gqeko
jB—‘f;zwd/ gZEo’, ‘w/xb/’, ‘n;hA^s[;hA’, ‘;{oi dk b?No pe;’, ‘efjePK’
ns/ ‘v'bQd/ gkDh’ nkfd.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
;wekbhnK ƒ
;wekbh
L fJe' ;w/A d/
rzX
L wfje
nkt' :ko', d[Bhnk nzdo J/dK oufwu ikJhJ/.
u"Aj gk;/
L uko/ gk;/
fiT[A gkDh ftu gkDh fwbdk, fJe w{os j' ikJhJ/.
fuZs
L wB
j[bk;/
L y[P, nkBzd,
gq;zB
fyV/ r[bkp uwB ftu Gkt/A, rzX c?b/ u"Aj^gk;/.
fijV/
fuZs
T[dk;/
j'tD,
T[j
th
ikD
j[bk;/.
eh ezv/, eh gZshnK, G"o/, eh wkbh, eh vkbh.
;GBK
ƒ
\[Pp'Jh
50
tzv/,
;GBK
ƒ
\[Pjkbh.
nrB pokpo sgd/ ihn ƒ, uz[wDK fij/ fdbk;/.
;k| Bo'J/, fbPfbP eod/, ebhnK tor/ jk;/.
b? ikJ/ nkgD/ Bkb ;[rzXh sob ;oK dk gkDh.
Bk e'Jh wZ[b, BjhA fJtIkBk, Bk e'Jh wzr fBwkDh.
i' ;[jDk, ;' iZr ƒ dZ;hJ/, i' uzrk, ;' tzvhJ/.
jo e'Jh ;kƒ nkgDk ikD/, J/dK ojhJ/, jzYhJ/.
id \[Pp{ dk ed/ fJj', nkeko fijk N[ZN ikt/.
T[; t/b/ fJj sob ;[rzXh jo p{N/ tZ; ikt/.
fN~gDh
fJj eftsk skok f;zx ekwb d/
ekft^;zrqfj ‘;{oi dk b?No pe;’ ftZu'A
bJh rJh j?. eth nkgD/ ;wekbhnK ƒ
;Zdk d/ fojk j? fe nkU d[Bhnk ftZu
fJ; soQK fwb^i[b e/ ojhJ/ fit/A gkDh
ftZu gkDh fwb e/ fJe^fwe j' iKdk j?.
fit/A r[bkp nkgDh \[Pp'Jh Bkb ;kok
nkbk^d[nkbk ns/ T[dk; wB wfjek
fdzdk j?. T[;/ soQK n;hA th ;G ƒ fpBK
fe;/ ftseo/ d/ \[PhnK tzvhJ/. fJj \[PhnK T[dk;, d[yh wBK ƒ fgnko Go/
fdbkf;nK tKr wfj;{; j'D sK i' T[j Bo'fJnk ns/ y/fVnK Gfonk ihtB ih
;eD. fJj \[PhnK Goh ;[rzXh fBo;[nkoE j' e/ ;ko/ d[ZyK ƒ \sw eo
d/t/. eth nkgD/ ;wekbhnK s'A fJjh fJZSk oydk j? fe n;hA nkgDh ebw
d/ j[Bo Bkb ;wki ƒ f;o| ;kekoswe ns/ ;[ji ftuko (;zd/P) d/JhJ/ ns/
;G Bkb ob^fwb e/ ojhJ/. id ed/ ;wki ftZu BKj^gZyh wkj"b j't/ sK ;kv/
fJjh uzr/o/ ns/ ;[ji ftuko ;[rzXh pD e/ ;G d/ wBK ftZu tZ; ikD ns/
T[BQK ƒ fwb^i[b e/ ofjD dh gq/oDk d/D.
51
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
nrB
L nZr
Bo'J/
L fBo'r, no'r
fJtIkBk
L tNKdok
jzYhJ/
L ftuohJ/
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i)
fJj eftsk fe; ƒ ;zp'fXs j? <
(ii) eth eh ;Zdk d/ fojk j? <
(iii) eftsk ftZu feBQK ƒ fejVh y[Pp'Jh tzvD dh rZb ehsh rJh j? <
(iv) eftsk ftZu GkJhukoe ;KM ekfJw oZyD dh fJZSk fe; e'b'A ns/
fe; soQK ehsh rJh j? <
(v) fJ; eftsk dk e/Adoh Gkt eh j? <
(vi) BKj^gZyh ftukoK tkb/ wkj"b ftZu ;kvh eh G{fwek j'Dh ukjhdh j?<
2H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK ƒ gVQ e/ g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fdT[ L
i' ;[jDk, ;' iZr ƒ dZ;hJ/, i' uzrk, ;' tzvhJ/.
jo e'Jh ;kƒ nkgDk ikD/, J/dK ojhJ/, jzYhJ/.
id \[Pp{ dk ed/ fJj', nkeko fijk N[ZN ikt/.
T[; t/b/ fJj sob ;[rzXh jo p{N/ tZ; ikt/.
(i)
fJBQK ekft^;soK ftZu e"D fe; ƒ ;zp'fXs j? <
(ii) eth fejVh ;'jDh ns/ uzrh P?n tzvD dh rZb eo fojk j? <
(iii) fJBQK ;soK ftZu eth dh fe; soQK dh GktBk dk gsk brdk j? <
3H j/m fbyhnK ekft^;soK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L
fyV/ r[bkp uwB ftu Gkt/A, rzX c?b/ u"Aj^gk;/.
fijV/
fuZs
T[dk;/
j'tD,
T[j
th
ikD
j[bk;/.
eh ezv/, eh gZshnK, G"o/, eh wkbh, eh vkbh.
;GBK
ƒ
\[Pp'Jh
tzv/,
;GBK
ƒ
\[Pjkbh.
nkU e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i)
i/ s[jkvh iwks ftZu ed/ sBkT[ Gfonk wkj"b j' ikt/ sK T[; ;fEsh
ftZu s[jkvh eh G{fwek j't/rh < nkgD/ ftuko gqrN eo'.
(ii)
nkgD/ ;e{b dh ;kbkBk gfsqek$w?rIhB$o;kb/ bJh g/qoBkdkfJe
eftsk fby'.
52
(iii)
‘jZ;Dk fIzdrh fiT{D dh fJZe ebk j?’, eh s[;hA fJ; ftuko Bkb
;fjws j'. soe d/ nkXko ’s/ nkgDk gZy g/P eo'.
(iv)
uzr/^wkV/ d/ r[D^n"r[D dZ;d/ j'J/ uzfrnkJh Bkb ihtB ƒ y[Pjkb
pDkT[D d/ sohfenK ƒ do;kT[Adk fJZe ukoN pDkT[.
(v)
id'A s[;hA pj[s y[Ph s/ ;e{B wfj;{; eod/ j' sK s[jkv/ wB ftu
fej'^fij/ ftuko nkT[Ad/ jB < y[ZbQ e/ fpnkB eo'.
nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L
(i)
r[bkp d/ c[Zb fyVB Bkb uko/ gk;/ y[Pjkbh c?b
iKdh j?.
(ii)
jk;/ dh, ebh Bkb s[bBk BjhA ehsh rJh.
(iii)
eth B/ rhs ftZu gqsheK dh tos'A ehsh j?.
(iv)
y[Pjkbh bJh fJtIkBk GoBk g?Adk j?.
(v)
uzr/ohnK rZbK d{finK ƒ BjhA dZ;DhnK ukjhdhnK.
JH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i)
\[Pp{ dk nkeko N[ZND Bkb jo p{N/
ftZu HHH t; iKdh j?.
(ii)
;ze'u
y[Pjkbh tzvD ftZu HHH BjhA tosDh
gkDh
ukjhdh.
(iii)
r[bkp dk c[Zb HHH fdb ftZu th \[Ph
;[rzXh
Go fdzdk j?.
(iv)
T[dk;
;wekbhnK ƒ HHH tKr ou^fwu ikD
dh b'V j?.
(v)
eth B/ fJj ouBk nkgD/ HHH ƒ ;zp'XB ehsh j?.
;H i'V/ pDkT[ L
(i)
r[bkp
jkDh
(ii)
uzfrnkJh
tzvDh
(iii)
;wekb
;[rzXh
(iv)
T[dk;/
j[bk;/
53
;wekbhnK
jH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L
(i)
nzdo HHH
(ii)
T[dk;h HHH
(iii)
\[Pp' HHH
(iv)
nkgDk HHH
eH ;wkBkoEe Ppd fby' L
(i)
w{os HHH
(ii)
\[Pp{ HHH
(iii)
w[Zb HHH
(iv)
sob HHH
yH tke pDkT[ L
(i)
fJtIkBk GoBk HHH HHH HHH HHH
(ii)
fbPfbP eoBk HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iii)
oufwu ikDk HHH HHH HHH HHH
(iv)
\[Pjkbh j'Dh HHH HHH HHH HHH
54