Facilitator’s Manual Preventing and Responding to an Opioid Overdose ONE-SESSION TRAINING PRAXIS IS A PROGRAM OF THE 200 Reservoir Street Needham Heights, MA 02494 Telephone: 617 467 6014 Fax: 617 467 6015 Email: [email protected] Website: www.center4si.com/Praxis PRAXIS STAFF Cheryl Gagne, project director [email protected] Marc Dones, trainer Ann Young, project coordinator ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Praxis would like to acknowledge Jim Hogan and Mindy Domb who developed the curriculum while working for SPHERE, a program of Health Imperatives. FEEDBACK Praxis would like to know about your experience using this curriculum. We would like to hear from you with any suggestions for improving it. Email or call with your feedback. NEED HELP? Praxis is available to help BSAS-funded programs and providers to use this training curriculum. Technical assistance is available by contacting [email protected] or call 617 467-6014 x 226. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to the training ........................................................................Pages 4-5 Overview of Training Page ......................................................................................... 6 Session Outline................................................................................................. Page 7-9 Opioid Overdose Prevention Handout ................................................... Page 10-11 Post Group Evaluation ......................................................................................Page 12 Post Group Evaluation-Answer Key ...............................................................Page 13 Optional Additional 2nd Session: Naloxone Responder Training ..........Page 14 How to Access Naloxone through Pharmacy with a Standing Order ....Page 15 List of Resources ................................................................................................Page 16 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE THREE-SESSION OPIOID OVERDOSE TRAINING PURPOSE OF THE TRAINING CURRICULUM This 90-minute training curriculum focuses on preventing and responding to opioid overdoses. The increasing problem of opioid overdoses underscores the need to educate participants in drug and alcohol treatment programs about the opioid overdose prevention and responding to an opioid overdose. This training curriculum is designed for use in treatment programs, correctional facilities, homeless shelters, HIV service organizations and other health and human service settings. BENEFITS OF THE TRAINING • Support people at risk for opioid overdose. Program participants are potentially at an increased risk for an opioid overdose if they relapse and use opioids after a period of abstinence. • Support witnesses/bystanders: Program participants may, if they witness an overdose have the opportunity to intervene and prevent an overdose death. They may also have an opportunity to educate others about the risks of opioid overdoses. LEARNING OBJECTIVES As a result of this training, group participants will be able to: • Name three risk factors for an opioid overdose • Name two risk reduction strategies • Recognize the signs of an opioid overdose • Describe or show three actions that respond to an opioid overdose WHO SHOULD USE IT? This training curriculum should be used by providers who facilitate educational groups with peo- WHERE COULD THIS TRAINING BE USED? This 90-minute, one-session curriculum can take place anywhere educational groups are held. Some settings that have used this curriculum include: • • • • • • • • Community corrections programs Jails or prisons Methadone treatment programs Outpatient programs Residential treatment programs/recovery homes Relapse prevention programs TSS or CSS programs Peer education groups 4 ORGANIZATION OF THE CURRICULUM The session is organized into a table describing the activity with curriculum notes with the estimated time frame for that activity. The table’s Activity/Curriculum Notes column provides guidance on conducting the session. Activities used include: • • • • • Presentation Card game Group brainstorm Small group discussion Key questions MATERIALS NEEDED Facilitators will need to prepare materials for the training session. Materials include: • • • • • Opioid overdose prevention card game Flipchart Markers Opioid overdose prevention handout Referral cards PREPARING FOR THE SINGLE SESSION program participants. Facilitators need to have: • • • • • Experience conducting educational groups with program participants Training with Praxis on how to facilitate this group An opportunity to review the curriculum before the training Experience with the Opioid Overdose Prevention Card Game Familiarity with local resources for opioid overdose prevention and health BEFORE THE SESSION: Print Opioid Overdose Prevention Handout (page 10 & 11) Print post group evaluation (page 12) Topic # 1 OVERDOSE RISKS Topic # 2 OVERDOSE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Topic # 3 OVERDOSE RESPONSES Review resource list at end of curriculum (pages 14-16) Prepare referral cards for group members Bring pens! POST GROUP EVALUATION There is a post-group evaluation included on page 12. This is to test participants’ acquisition of facts presented in the training. 5 THE BASICS OF OPIOID OVERDOSES ONE-SESSION OVERVIEW ACTIVITY OVERVIEW TIME 1 Welcome, overview 5 minutes 2 Review: What do we know: Card game 20 minutes 3 Opioid overdose risks 10 minutes 4 Group discussion questions: What can be done to reduce risks of opioid overdoses? 15 minutes 5 (A-B) Presentation: What a bystander needs to know: Responding to an opioid overdose 25 minutes 6 Wrap up and summary 10 minutes 7 Post-group evaluation 5 minutes BEFORE THE SESSION: Print Opioid Overdose Prevention Handout (pages 10–11) Print post group evaluation (page 12) Review the Opioid Overdose Prevention Card Game Facilitator’s Guide Topic # 1 OVERDOSE RISKS Topic # 2 OVERDOSE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Topic # 3 OVERDOSE RESPONSES Review resource list at end of curriculum (pages 14–16) Prepare referral cards for group members Bring pens! 6 ACTIVITY/CURRICULUM NOTES STEP 1 (2 minutes) WELCOME AND OVERVIEW Tell the participants: • • • • (3 minutes) STEP 2 (20 minutes) 90–minute session Review opioids How to assess and reduce your risk of opioid overdose How to respond to an overdose if you happen to be a bystander to an opioid overdose Ask: What are your experiences with opioid overdose? People may have witnessed or responded to an overdose. The purpose is not to go into all the details of the experience but to acknowledge that people are bringing personal experiences to the training. CARD GAME: To test what we know about opioid and overdoses. Here are the directions: 1. Divide into groups (small group sizes depends on size of whole group, but ideal is 3-5 people) 2. Each group gets deck of cards-each card has a statement about opioids or opioid overdose 3. 10 minutes to review cards and decide as a group if statement is true, false or not sure or no consensus 4. Put cards into 3 piles-one is true, the next is false and the third is we’re not sure or we can’t agree. Begin the game. Ask participants to read statements from the pile of cards that they were unsure of or couldn’t reach consensus. Consult the Opioid Overdose Card Game Facilitator’s Guide to review facts with participants. After the card game, summarized key points. Key Points: • Opioids are pain relievers both prescription and illegal • Name some prescription opioid drugs-Vicodin, Percocet, OxyContin, Opana, morphine, codeine, methadone • Name some illegal drugs: heroin, opium. • All opioids suppress the part of the brain that controls breathing • Opioids cause a fatal overdoses by stopping a person’s breathing • People die from lack of oxygen-no breath-no oxygen-no life 7 ACTIVITY/CURRICULUM NOTES STEP 3 (10 minutes) PRESENTATION/DISCUSSION: RISKS FOR OPIOID OVERDOSE Show: Flipchart # 1: Overdose Risks Present main risks: 1. Using drugs alone or being left alone 2. Using too much drugs 3. Mixing drugs-mixing opioids with alcohol or is dangerous because all substances 4. Reduced tolerance after a period abstinence or due to poor health. STEP 4 (15 minutes) WHAT CAN BE DONE TO REDUCE RISKS OF OPIOID OVERDOSES? Refer to the list of risks if participants have trouble naming risk reduction strategies. Key Points: • Don’t use alone. Make arrangements with someone to be with you or check on you • Don’t mix drugs-benzodiazepines and alcohol and opioids all suppress a person’s breathing • Be aware of reduced tolerance after a period of abstinence-use less, take a tester shot • Be aware of reduced tolerance when you’re in ill health and use less If there’s time have participants discuss how they might implement these risk reduction strategies. STEP 5 A) PRESENTATION: WHAT A BYSTANDER NEEDS TO KNOW TO RESPOND TO AN OPIOID OVERDOSE (10 minutes) Ask: What might it look like if a person were in an opioid overdose? • Unresponsive-person cannot be woken up when you shout the person’s name or when you give a sternal rub (Demonstrate sternal rub) • Shallow, irregular or no breathing • Clammy pale skin • Slow, weak pulse • Deep snoring, gurgling sound, “death rattle” Tell: An overdose happens over time—1-3 hours after using. Instantaneous overdoses (needle in the arm) are rare. There is usually time to intervene. 8 ACTIVITY/CURRICULUM NOTES (15 minutes) B) RESPONDING TO AN OPIOID OVERDOSE Show: Flipchart # 3: Responding to an opioid overdose 1. Check to see if person is in an overdose. List or get the group to list the following: a. Take a close look at the person, b. Shout person’s name, c. Give sternal rub 2. Call 911. 3. Perform rescue breathing 4. Place person in recovery position if you have to leave the person at any point. 5. Stay with person and continue rescue breathing until medical personnel arrive, if possible. 6. Give Naloxone Key Point: In Massachusetts, participants can get training to become a naloxone (Narcan) responder. At the end of the training I will give you a card that lists organizations that provide training in this region of the state. STEP 6 (5 minutes) WRAP-UP Ask: Any questions? Hand out Opioid Overdose Prevention If you have time you can do a review with the group by asking the questions: • What are some common opioids? • What things increase the risk of an opioid overdose? • How can you reduce the risk of an opioid overdose? • What are the signs of an opioid overdose? • How should you respond to an opioid overdose? STEP 7 (5 minutes) EVALUATION Handout evaluation and pens. Collect from everyone. Can read it aloud if 9 10 11 ACTIVITY/CURRICULUM NOTES Please circle the correct answer. 1. After being in a drug treatment program or being incarcerated in a jail, a person can be at increased risk for an opioid overdose, if they pick up and use again. TRUE FALSE NOT SURE 2. Mixing drugs (opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol) increases the risk of an overdose. TRUE FALSE NOT SURE Please respond to the prompts below: 3. Name two signs of an opioid overdose. 4. Describe what you would do if you saw someone in an overdose. 5. What was the most important thing you learned in this training? 12 POST-GROUP EVALUATION ANSWER KEY Please circle the correct answer. 1. After being in a drug treatment program or being incarcerated in a jail, a person can be at increased risk for an opioid overdose, if they pick up and use again. TRUE FALSE NOT SURE 2. Mixing drugs (opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol) increases the risk of an overdose. TRUE FALSE NOT SURE Please respond to the prompts below: 3. Name two signs of an opioid overdose. Not responsive to noise or pain Slow or no breathing Bluish skin and nail beds Drooling Snoring 4. Describe what you would do if you saw someone in an overdose. Call 911 Begin rescue breathing Make sure person isn’t choking Stay with person until medical personnel come Administer Narcan 5. What was the most important thing you learned in this training? 13 OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL 2ND SESSION: NALOXONE RESPONDER TRAINING Praxis recommends that programs schedule naloxone (Narcan) responder training with participants from the one-session training. To schedule training, contact the training program near you. http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/substance-abuse/naloxone-info.pdf PARTICIPANTS OF THE NALOXONE RESPONDER TRAINING WILL: • Learn how to administer naloxone and use the nasal naloxone applicator • Receive two doses of naloxone • Complete appropriate paperwork with trainer BENEFITS FOR PROGRAMS TO SET UP NALOXONE RESPONDER TRAINING • Programs will have a higher number of naloxone responders If unable to schedule a training in your program, refer people leaving the program to Naloxone (Narcan) Responder Training Programs! 14 HOW TO ACCESS NALOXONE FROM A PHARMACY WITH A STANDING ORDER THERE ARE TWO WAYS TO ACCESS A NALOXONE RESCUE KIT FROM A PHARMACY: 1. Obtain a prescription from your prescriber and take it to a pharmacy that stocks naloxone. 2. Go directly to a pharmacy with a naloxone standing order and request a naloxone kit. For pharmacies with naloxone standing orders, a prescription is not needed. PHARMACIES WITH PHYSICIAN STANDING ORDERS FOR NARCAN Many pharmacies across the whole state have orders to distribute Narcan kits to customers. Many insurance companies, including Mass Health will cover the cost of the Narcan kits but some require a small co-pay. For a list of pharmacies with standing orders for naloxone visit: http://masstapp.edc.org/prescription-and-pharmacy-access-naloxone-rescue-kits ACCESS CHECKLIST Have your insurance card ready if you have one Bring an ID if you have one If yes, Indicate to the pharmacist if you prefer nasal or injectable The pharmacy tech will input your information and the pharmacist will check the order If the pharmacy declines the request please ask politely if they are familiar with the standing order another pharmacy on the list. 15 LIST OF RESOURCES NARCAN TRAINING PROGRAMS Bureau of Substance Abuse Services information on Naloxone Responder Training with List of Training Programs http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/substance-abuse/naloxone-info.pdf List of Pharmacies with Standing Orders for Naloxone by Town http://masstapp.edc.org/prescription-and-pharmacy-access-naloxone-rescue-kits#Pharmacy%20Standing%20Order VIDEOS ON OPIOID OVERDOSE PREVENTION Staying Alive on the Outside (18:58) The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights http://www.prisonerhealth.org/videos-and-fact-sheets/overdose/ Bunny and the Wolf: An Animated Guide to Opioid Overdose (4:22) Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (HCLU)(in English) Take Home Naloxone (9:22) and Spanish subtitles. Includes personal stories. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6NVeA7aSC0&feature=youtu.be 16
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