1. style and fashion
2. clothing
3. shirts

UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
BOYS' SHIRTS, ROBES, AND PAJAMAS
I. JABLOW AND COMPANY, INC.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Report to the President
on Firm Investigation No. TEA- F- 51 and Worker
Investigation No. TEA-W-192 under Sections 301(c) (1)
and 301(c)(2) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962
TC Publication 582
Washington, D.C.
June 1973
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Catherine Bedell, chairman
Joseph 0. Parker, Vice Chairman
Will E. Leonard, Jr.
George M. Moore
J. Banks Young
Italo H. Ablondi
Kenneth R. Mason, Secretary
Address all communications to
United States Tariff Commission
Washington, D. C. 20436
CONTENTS
Page
Report to the President
Finding of toe Commission
Statements of Commissioners:
Views of Commissioners Leonard and Young
Views of Chairman Bedell and CommissionerMbore
Information obtained in the investigation:
Articles under investigation
U.S. tariff treatment
Boys' and infants' shirts
Boys' and infants' dressing gowns and robes
Boys' and infants' pajamas
U.S. consumption:
Boys' shirts
Boys' dressing gowns and robes
Boys' pajamas
U.S. producers
U.S. production:
Boys' shirts
Boys' dressing gowns and robes
Boys' pajamas
U.S. importers
U.S. imports
Boys' shirts
Boys' dressing gowns and robes
Boys' pajamas
U.S. exports
* * *
Firm and plant information:
Company history, plant, and equipment
Products
* * *
Unemployment
* * *
Appendix A. Statistical tables
1
3
4
5
A-1
A-2
A-2
A-6
A-11
A-14
A-15
A-16
A-16
A-18
A-19
A-20
A-21
A-21
A-22
A-24
A-25
A-26
A-27
A-27
A-28
A-29
TABLES
1. U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' shirts, not knit,
of the types provided for in specified TSUS items,
1930 and GATT concessions to Jan. 1, 1972
A-30
ii
CONTENTS
Lut
2. Boys' shirts, not ornamented, not knit, of cotton:
Changes in U.S. rates of duty and U.S. imports for
consumption, specified years 1930 to 1972
Boys'
shirts, not ornamented, not knit, of manmade
3.
fibers: Changes in U.S. rates of duty, ad valorem
equivalents of the rates, and U.S. imports for consumption, specified years 1930 to 1972
4. U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' shirts, knit,
of the types provided for in specified TSUS items,
1930 and GATT concessions to Jan. 1, 1972
5. Boys' shirts, not ornamented, knit: Changes in U.S.
rates of duty, ad valorem equivalents of the compound
rates, and U.S. imports for consumption, by fibers,
specified years 1930 to 1972
6. U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' dressing gowns,
including bathrobes and beach robes, not knit, of
the types provided for in specified TSUS items, 1930
and GATT concessions, except as indicated, to Jan. 1,
1972
7. Boys' dressing gowns, including bathrobes and beach
robes, not ornamented, not knit: Changes in U.S. rates
of duty, ad valorem equivalents of the compound rates,
and U.S. imports for consumption, by fibers, specified
years 1930 to 1972
8. U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' dressing gowns,
including bathrobes and beach robes, knit, of the
types provided for in specified TSUS items, 1930 and
GATT concessions to Jan. 1, 1972
9. U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' pajamas, not
knit, of the types provided for in specified TSUS
items, 1930 and GATT concessions, except as indicated,
to Jan. 1, 1972
10. Boys' pajamas, not ornamented, not knit: Changes in
U.S. rates of duty, ad valorem equivalents of the
compound rates, and U.S. imports for consumption,
by fibers, specified years 1930 to 1972
11. U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' pajamas, knit,
of the type provided for in specified TSUS items,
1930 and GATT concessions to Jan. 1, 1972
12. Boys' shirts, not knit: U.S. production, imports for
consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and
apparent consumption, by types, 1965-72
13. Boys' shirts, knit: U.S. production, imports for
consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and
apparent consumption, 1965-72
Ar61
A-32
.A-33
A-3 1
A-35
A-38
A-39
A-40
A-42
A-43
A-44
A- 45
iii
CONTENTS
Page
14. Boys' dressing gowns, including bathrobes and beach
robes, not knit: U.S. production, imports for consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and
apparent consumption, 1965-72
15. Boys' pajamas, not knit: U.S. production, imports for
consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and
apparent consumption, 1965-72
16. Boys' pajamas, knit: U.S. production, imports for consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and
apparent consumption, 1965-72
17. Boys' shirts, not knit: U.S. production, by types and
fibers, 1965-72
18. Boys' dressing gowns, including bathrobes, and beach
robes, not knit: U.S. production, by fibers, 1965-72
19. Boys' pajamas, not knit: U.S. production, by fibers,
1965-72
20. Boys' pajamas, knit: U.S. production, by fibers,
1965-72
21. Quantitative restraint levels under the LTA for selected
cotton apparel categories pursuant to respective
U.S. bilateral agreements with specified Asian
countries, for specified effective periods
22. Quantitative restraint levels for selected manmade-fiber
apparel categories under respective U.S. bilateral
agreements with specified Asian countries, for specified
effective periods
23.
Boys' shirts, not knit: U.S. imports for consumption,
by types and fibers, 1965-72
24.
Boys' dress shirts, not ornamented, not knit: U.S.
imports for consumption, by principal sources, 1970-72
25.
Boys' sport shirts, not ornamented, not knit: U.S.
imports for consumption, by principal sources, 1970-72
26.
Boys' knit shirts: U.S. imports for consumption, by
fibers, 1965-72
27.
Boys' dressing gowns, including bathrobes and beach
robes, not knit: U.S. imports for consumption, by
fibers, 1965-72
28. Boys' pajamas, not knit: U.S. imports for consumption,
by fibers, 1965-72
29.
Boys' dress and sport shirts, and pajamas: Percent of
total purchases by consumers, by price ranges, 1972
30. Boys' dress and sport shirts, and pajamas: Average
retail price paid by consumers, 1967-72
A•46
A-47
A-48
A-49
A-50
A-51
A-52
A-53
A-54
A-55
A-56
A-57
A-58
A-59
A-60
***
***
iv
CONTENTS
Page
31. Selected boys' and infants' shirts, robes, and
pajamas: Importers' selling prices, estimated
and constructed assuming the 1930 rates of duty,
and selling prices of items produced by I. Jablow & Co.,
Inc., in 1972
32. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Average selling price per
dozen of production items sold in greatest volume
to customers by Jablow on specified dates, 1971-72
33. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Annual sales in quantity of boys'
shirts, robes, and pajamas, 1968-72
34. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Annual sales in value of boys'
shirts, robes, and pajamas, 1968-72
35. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Sales to the five largest
discount store customers, 1966-71
36. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Average number of workers and
total man-hours worked, annual 1968-72, monthly 1971-72,
and January-March 1973
37. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Comparative statement of profit
and loss, accounting years, 1968-72
38. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Ratios of financial data,
accounting years, 1968-72
39. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Comparative statements of other
administrative, selling, and shipping expenses,
accounting years 1968-72
40. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Comparative statement of
financial condition, accounting years 1968-72
41. I. Jablow & Co., Inc.: Comparative statement of
sources and uses of funds, accounting years 1968-72
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT
U.S. Tariff Commission ,
.June 5, 1973.
To the President:
In accordance with section 301(f)(1) of the Trade Expansion Act
of 1962 (TEA)(76 Stat. 885), the U.S. Tariff Commission herein reports
the results of an investigation made under sections 301(c)(1) and
301(c)(2) of that act in response to petitions filed on behalf of a
textile firm and its former workers for determination of eligibility
to apply for adjustment assistance.
On March 26, 1973, on the basis of a petition filed on behalf of
workers and former workers of I. Jablow & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.,
the Commission instituted an investigation (TEA-W-192) to determine
whether, as a result in major part of concessions granted under trade
agreements, articles like or directly competitive with boys'
dress and sport shirts, knit and nonknit, with chief value of cotton
or manmade fibers (of the types provided for in items 380.00,
380.04,
380.06, 380.27, 380.81, and 380.84 of the Tariff Schedules of the United
States (TSUS))produced by I. Jablow & Co., Inc.,Philadelphia,
Pa., are being imported into the United States in such increased quantities as to cause, or threaten to cause, the unemployment or underemployment of a significant number or proportion of the workers of such firm
or an appropriate subdivision thereof.
1
2
On April 16, 1973, the Commission, on the basis of a petition filed
on behalf of I. Jablow & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., and on its own
motion, instituted a consolidated investigation on behalf of the
firm and its workers to determine whether, as a result in major
part of concessions granted under trade agreements, articles like
or directly competitive with boys' and infants' dress and sport shirts,
knit and nonknit, of cotton or manmade fibers; boys' robes; and boys'
pajamas (of the types provided for in items 380.00, 380.02, 380.04,
380.06, 380.15, 380.18, 380.21, 380.24, 380.27, 380.63, 380.66, 380.81,
380.84, 382.00, 382.04, 382.06, 382.33, 382.78 and 382.81 of the Tariff
Schedules of the United States (TSUS)) produced by said firm are being
imported into the United States in such increased quantities as to cause,
or threaten to cause, serious injury to such firm, and/or the unemployment or underemployment of a significant number or proportion of the
workers of such firm or an appropriate subdivision thereof. The scope
of the consolidated investigation was broader than that of the initial
worker investigation.
Notice of the consolidated investigation was published in the
Federal Register on April 19, 1973 (38 F.R. 9694).
Notice of
the initial worker investigation (TEA-W-192) was published in the
Federal Register on March 30, 1973 (38 F.R. 8319). The notice published
on April 19, 1973, superseded that published on March 30, 1973.
hearing was requested. by either filing party and none was helc'..
No
3
The information in this report was obtained principally from the
petitioners, the major customers of I. Jablow & Co., Inc., and from the
Commission's files.
Finding of the Commission
Based on its investigation, the Commission finds (Chairman Bedell
and Commissioner Moore dissenting, and Vice Chairman Parker not participating) that articles like or directly competitive with the boys'
and infants' dress and sport shirts, knit and nonknit, of cotton or manmade fibers; boys' robes; and boys' pajamas (of the types provided for
in items 380.00, 380.02, 380.04, 380.06, 380.15, 380.18, 380.21, 380.24,
380.27, 380.63, 380.66, 380.81, 380.84, 382.00, 382.04, 382.06, 382.33,
382.78, and 382.81 of the TSUS produced. by I. Jablow & Company, Inc.,
are not, as a result in major part of concessions granted under trade
agreements, being imported into the United States in such increased
quantities as to cause, or threaten to cause serious injury to such firm
or the unemployment or underemployment of a significant number or proportion of the workers of such firm or an appropriate subdivision thereof.
4
STATEMENTS OF COMMISSIONERS 1/
Views of Commissioners Leonard and Young
The petitioning workers in this investigation were employed by
I. Jablow & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. The output of the firm had
consisted almost wholly of boys' shirts. The production of other
articles, which consisted of boys' pajamas and robes, had been small,
* * *. Thus, any increased imports of those articles could not have
had a significant effect on employment at the company.
Our determination in the instant case is negative because one
of the statutory criteria has not been met, i.e., that the increase
in imports of articles like or directly competitive with boys' shirts
produced by I. Jablow & Co. is the result in major part of concessions granted under trade agreements. Our reasoning in support of this
determination is set forth in a statement of our views in an earlier
Commission investigation under the Trade Expansion Act. 2/
1/ Commissioner Ablondi concurs in the result.
Men's and Boys' Shirts, Not Knit: J. H. Bonck Company, Inc.,
New Orleans La., . . ., Investigation No. TEA-F-35 . . TC Publication 439, pp. 6 11.
7/
-
5
Views of Chairman Bedell and Commissioner Moore
This investigation was undertaken in response to petitions filed by
I. Jablow and Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., and its former workers, for
determinations of eligibility to apply for adjustment assistance.
Under the provisions of the Act, the Commission, in order to make
an affirmative decision respecting the petitions, must find that each of
the following four criteria have been met.
(1) Imports of articles like or directly competitive
with those produced by the petitioning firm are
increasing,
(2) Such increased imports are the result in major
part of trade agreement concessions,
(3) The petitioning firm is being seriously injured
or threatened therewith, and its workers unemployed or underemployed or threatened therewith;
and
(1) The increased imports, resulting in major part
from trade-agreement concessions, are the major
factor causing or threatening to cause serious
injury to the firm and the unemployment or
underemployment of its workers.
The company, which ceased production on March 30, 1973, manufactured
boys' dress and sport shirts (both woven and knit), and boys' pajamas
and robes from woven fabric. The great bulk of output in recent years
consisted of boys' shirts produced from knit fabrics and from blended
woven fabrics made from cotton and manmade fibers. All of the firm's
output was from purchased fabrics which were cut according to patterns
in the Philadelphia plant. These patterns were then sent to outside
contractors for sewing, after which they were returned to the plant for
pressing, inspection, and storage until delivered to customers.
6
From the evidence developed during this investigation, we conclude
that the firm and its workers have met the criteria of the Trade
Expansion Act of 1962, for eligibility to apply for adjustment assistance. During recent years, sales of virtually all of its product lines
have decreased. Concurrently, imports of those same product lines have
increased substantially and have heavily impacted the domestic market.
There have been extensive duty reductions on each of the articles in
question as a result of trade agreements.
With respect to boys' shirts made from woven cotton and from
blended cotton/manmade fibers, for example, the U.S. imports more than
doubled during the 1965-72 period, rising from 1.4 million to 3.0 million
dozen. During that period, the ratio of imports to consumption increased
from 15 percent to 40 percent. Trade agreement concessions on such
shirts have resulted in percentage reductions 'in the duty of aboUt
53 percent with respect to boys' shirts in chief value of cotton, and
of 55 percent with respect to those of manmade fibers, including blends.
The picture respecting knit shirts for boys of a kind produced by
Jablow is similar to that for shirts made from woven fabric. U.S.
imports also doubled over the 1965-72 period, rising from 0.9 million
dozen to 1.7 million dozen, and the ratio of imports to apparent
consumption increased from 12 percent to 25 percent. Trade agreement
concessions on such articles have resulted in reductions in the rates
of duty amounting to 53 percent for knit shirts of cotton and about
49 percent for those made from manmade fibers and blends.
7
With respect to both woven and knit shirts for boys, it appears
clear that declines in domestic production during 1965-72--from
8.1 million dozen to 1.6 million dozen, and from 6.6 million dozen to
5.2 million dozen, respectively--were attributable in substantial part
to the increased imports.
A third major item in Jablow's production line consisted of boys'
robes made from woven fabrics. Over the 1965-72 period, imports of
such articles increased by 69 percent, or from 13 thousand dozen to
22 thousand dozen. Again, the ratio of imports to apparent consumption
of such articles rose almost without interruption from 8 percent to
13 percent. Virtually all of the increased domestic consumption of
such articles in recent years has been supplied by a growing volume
of imports stimulated by duty reductions amounting to more than
50 percent for most of the robes in question.
Finally, with respect to the other major product line made by
Jablow--boys' pajamas made from woven fabrics--the imports increased
from 116 thousand dozen in 1965 to 277 thousand dozen in 1972. Total
domestic production declined proportionately to the increase in
imports; and as a result, the ratio of imports to apparent consumption
rose from 8 percent to 22 percent during the period in question. As
indicated above, such pajamas have also been subject to substantial
concessions pursuant to trade agreements.
8
Due to reduced trade agreement rates of duty, importers were able
to undersell Jablow in all of its product lines by a substantial margin.
Although Jablow lowered prices in an effort to remain competitive with
imports, the difference in price per unit--due in major part to trade
agreement concessions--was so great that Jablow lost sales in virtually
every major product line. In this connection, it is to be noted that
without trade agreement duty reductions, the unit price of the imported
merchandise in the domestic market would have been higher than the price
of some of Jablow s product lines, and the imported product would have
been at least competitively priced for most boys' shirts, which constituted * * * of the total value of Jablow's sales in 1971 and 1972.
* * *. As a result, the plant closed on March 30, 1973, and at
the present time virtually all of the employees have been terminated.
Under these circunstances, we conclude that this firm and the
former employees thereof have clearly met the criteria under the
Trade Expansion Act of 1962 for eligibility to apply for adjustment
assistance.
A-1
INFORMATION OBTAINED IN THE INVESTIGATION
Articles Under Investigation
I. Jablow & Co., Inc. is a family-owned firm, having a plant in
Philadelphia, Pa., and a sales office in New York City. The company,
which ceased production on March 30, 1973, manufactured boys' dress and
sport shirts, 1/ (both woven and knit), boys' pajamas (woven), and boys'
robes (woven). The garments were sold under two trade names--Big Top
for sizes 3 to 7 2/ and Collegiate, for sizes 8 to 20. 3/ The great
bulk of the company's output in recent years consisted of boys' shirts;
they were mostly of woven fabric and of a 50-percent cotton and 50-percent manmade fiber blend.
1/ In the past, dress shirts contained an extra piece of fabric
attached to the collar called a neckband. Also, the buttonhole area
on the front of the shirt contained an extra piece of fabric called a
top center or french center. In general, dress shirts were of conservative patterns and required more tailoring than sport shirts. Today,
the distinction between a dress and sport shirt is much less pronounced,
since many are tailored the same and worn interchangeably. However,
dress shirts generally have a wider range of designated collar sizes
than sport shirts and,in contrast to sport shirts, generally have a
designated sleeve length.
2/ Sizes 3 to 7 supposedly correspond to the age of the wearer, but
also range from .a 10-inch to 11-inch neck size.
3/ Sizes 8 through 20 range from a 11-1/2 inch to 14-1/2 inch neck
size. Intermediate sizes in even numbers are in increments of onehalf inch.
A-2
U.S. Tariff Treatment
Wearing apparel for males is classified under the Tariff Schedules
of the United States Annotated (TSUSA) in two categories: (1) Wearing
apparel for males over
6 years of age and (2) wearing apparel for chil-
dren, regardless of their sex, up to and including
6 years of age. The
so-called boys' apparel produced by Jablow, which was in sizes
3 through
20, would fall in both categories. The rates of duty in the TSUSA for
boys' and infants' apparel vary depending on the presence or absence
of ornamentation, whether knit or not knit, the fiber in chief value,
and in some instances, the value per garment or the value per pound.
Most of the types of wearing apparel produced by Jablow (i.e., boys'
shirts, pajamas, and robes) were not ornamented and were of cotton, of
manmade fibers, or of blends of these fibers.
Boys' and infants' shirts
The following table shows the 1930 rates, the 1967 rates, and the
current rates of duty applicable to the boys' and infants' shirts of
cotton and/or manmade fibers. 1/ * * *.
1/ Excludes shirts of wool because imports of such shirts are
negligible.
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A-4
The U.S.. rate of duty on boys' dress and sport shirts, in chief
value of cotton, not knit, not ornamented (TSUS item 380.27), was
reduced from the 1930 rate of 45 percent ad valorem to 25 percent ad
valorem, effective January 1, 1948, in the first round of negotiations
under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The 25-percent rate remained in effect until 1968 when, under the Kennedy Round
of GATT negotiations, it was reduced in five annual stages effective
January 1 of each year, 1968 to 1972, to the present rate of 21 percent ad valorem (tables 1 and 2).
The U.S. rate of duty on infants' shirts, in chief value of
cotton, not knit, not ornamented (TSUS item 382.33), was reduced from
the 1930 rate of 37.5 percent ad valorem to 20 percent ad valorem,
effective January 1, 1948, in the first round of GATT negotiations.
The 20-percent rate remained in effect until 1968 when, under the
Kennedy Round of GATT negotiations, it was reduced in five annual
stages effective January 1 of each year, 1968 to 1972, to 16.5 percent ad valorem, the present rate.
A small amount of imports of boys' and infants' shirts of woven
cotton fabrics are ornamented. 1/ Such articles are dutiable under
TSUS items 380.00 and 382.00, respectively, and the relevant history
of rate changes is shown in table 1.
1/ Ornamentation, as defined in headnote 3, schedule 3, includes, for
example, initials or an insignia embroidered on the pocket of a shirt.
A-5
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' and infants' shirts in chief value
of manmade fibers, not knit, not ornamented (TSUS items 380.84 and 382.81),
was 45 cents per pound plus 65 percent ad valorem in 1930. The rate was
reduced to 27.5 cents per pound plus 35 percent ad valorem in the first
round of GATT negotiations, effective January 1, 1948. Further reductions, to 25 cents per pound plus 32.5 percent ad valorem, effective
June 6, 1951, and to 25 cents per pound plus 27.5 percent ad valorem,
effective June 30, 1958, were negotiated under the GATT. No further
reductions have been made in this rate of duty. Based on the quantity
and value of imports in 1972, the ad valorem equivalents for boys' and
infants' shirts of manmade fibers, not knit, not ornamented, were 84.2
percent in 1930, 46.8 percent in 1948, 43.2 percent in 1951, and 38.2
percent in 1958-72 (table 3). The ad valorem equivalent in 1972 was
46 percentage points less than in 1930.
The changes in the rates of duty for boys' and infants' shirts
of manmade fibers, not knit, ornamented (TSUS items 380.04 and 382.04)
are shown in table 1.
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' knit shirts, not ornamented, of
cotton (TSUS item 380.06), was reduced from the 1930 rate of 45 percent
ad valorem to 35 percent ad valorem, effective January 1, 1948, in the
first round of negotiations under the GATT ( table
4).
A further
reduction to 25 percent ad valorem was negotiated under the GATT
effective September 10, 1955.
The 25-percent rate remained in effect
A-6
until 1968, when it was reduced under the Kennedy Round in five annual
stages to the present rate of 21 percent ad valorem.
A small amount of imports of boys' knit shirts of cotton is
ornamented. Such articles are dutiable under TSUS item 380.00 and
the history of rate changes is shown in table
4.
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' knit shirts, not ornamented, of
manmade fibers (TSUS item 380.81), was 45 cents per pound plus 65
Percent ad valorem in 1930. The rate was reduced to 27.5 cents per
pound plus 35 percent ad valorem in the first round of the GATT negotiations, effective January 1, 1948, and was further reduced to 25 cents
per pound plus 32.5 percent ad valorem, effective June
6, 1951. This
rate of duty is still in effect. These reductions constitute an ad
valorem equivalent reduction from 81 percent in 1930 to 41.4 percent
in 1972 (table 5)
Ornamented knit shirts constitute a small portion of imports of
boys' and infants' knit shirts of manmade fibers. Such articles are
dutiable under item 380.04 and 382.04 and the history of rate changes
is shown in table
4.
Boys' and infants' dressing gowns and robes
Rates of duty on boys' and infants' dressing gowns and robes vary
depending on factors enumerated earlier in this section. The following
table shows the 1930 rates, the 1967 rates, and the current rates of
duty applicable to such garments of cotton, wool, and manmade fibers.
A-7
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A-8
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' and infants' dressing gowns and
robeso of cotton, not knit, not ornamented, valued not over $2.50 each
(TSUS items 380.15 and 382.15), was reduced from the 1930 rate of 37.5
percent ad valorem to 20 percent ad valorem, effective January 1, 1948,
in the first round of GATT negotiations. The 20-percent rate remained
in effect until the Kennedy Round of GATT negotiations in 1968, when
it was reduced in five annual stages, 1968 through 1972,to the present
rate of 16.5 percent ad valorem (table 6).
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' and infants' dressing gowns and
robes,of cotton, not knit, not ornamented,valued over $2.50 each
(TSUS items 380.18 and 382.18),was reduced from the 1930 rate of 37.5
percent ad valorem to 20 percent ad valorem in a trade-agreement with
the United Kingdom, effective January 1, 1939.
Successive trade agree-
ment concessions under the GATT reduced the rate of duty to 10 percent
ad valorem, effective January 1, 1948, to 9.5 percent ad valorem,
effective January 1, 1968, and then in yearly reductions to the present
rate of 8 percent ad valorem, effective January 1, 1971 (table 7).
Boys' and infants'• on-Lamented dressing gowns and robes of cotton,
not knit and knit constitute a small portion of total imports of boys'
and infants' cotton dressing gowns and robes. Such articles are dutiable under items 380.00 and 382.00 and the history of the rate changes
is shown in table
6.
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' and infants' dressing gowns and
robes, of wool, not knit, not ornamented, valued not over $4 per pound
A- 9
(TSUS items 380.63 and 382.60), was 33 cents per pound plus 45 percent
ad valorem in 1930 and was reduced in a trade agreement with the United
Kingdom to 33 cents per pound plus 30 percent ad valorem, effective
January 1, 1939•
The rate of duty was reduced to 25 cents per pound
plus 25 percent ad valorem under the GATT, effective January 1, 1948,
and in successive reductions in 1956-58, effective June 30 of each year,
to 25 cents per pound plus 21 percent ad valorem effective June 30,
1958. There have been no reductions since that date.
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' and infants' dressing gowns and
robes,of wool, not knit, not ornamented, valued over
$4 per pound
(TSUS items 380.66 and 382.63), was reduced from the 1930 rate of 50
cents'per pound plus 50 percent ad valorem to 50 cents per pound plus
30 percent ad valorem,effective January 1, 1939,in a trade agreement
with the United Kingdom. Further reductions occurred under the GATT
effective January 1, 1948,to 37.5 cents per pound plus 25 percent ad
valorem, and in three annual stages effective June 30 of each year,
1956-58, to 37.5 cents per pound plus 21 percent ad valorem, the present
rate.
Boys' and infants' ornamented dressing gowns and robes of wool,
not knit, constitute a small portion of imports of boys' and infants'
woven wool dressing gowns and robes. Such articles are dutiable under
items 380.02 and 382.02 and the history of the rate changes is shown
table
6.
A-10
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' and infants' dressing gowns and robes,
of manmade fibers, not knit, not ornamented (TSUS items 380.84 and 382.81),
was 45 cents per pound plus 65 percent ad valorem in 1930. The rate was
reduced under the GATT to 27.5 cents per pound plus 35 percent ad valorem,
effective January 1, 1948; to 25 cents per pound plus 32.5 percent ad
valorem, effective June
6, 1951; and to the present rate of 25 cents per
pound plus 27.5 percent ad valorem effective June 30, 1958. Based on the
quantity and value of imports in 1972, the ad valorem equivalent for boys'
dressing gowns and robes, of manmade fibers, not knit, not ornamented
(TSUS item 380.84), were 79.1 percent in 1930, 53.6 percent in 1948, 40.3
percent in 1951, and 35.3 percent in 1958-72 (table 7).
The changes in the rates of duty applicable to boys' ornamented dressing
gowns and robes, of manmade fiber, not knit(TSUS items 380.04 and 382.04),
are shown in table 6.
The U.S. rate history on boys' and infants' dressing gowns and robes,
not ornamented, knit, of cotton (TSUS items 380.06 and 382.06), is the
same as that for boys' and infants' cotton knit shirts discussed in the
previous section.
Similarly, the U.S. rate of duty on infants' dressing gowns and robes,
of manmade fibers, knit, not ornamented (TSUS item 382.78), has the same
rate history as that for boys' and infants' shirts of manmade fibers, knit,
not ornamented, already covered in this section.
A-11
Boys' and infants' pajamas
,Boys' pajamas, similar to those produced by Jablow, are provided for
in several items of the TSUS. The 1930 rates of duty, the rates in effect
in 1967 (pre-Kennedy Round), and the current (1973) rates of duty are
shown in the table below.
Boys' and infants' pajamas, knit and not knit, ornamented and not ornamented, by specified fibers: The 1930 rates of duty, the 1967 (preKennedy Round) rates, and current (1973) rates
(Cents' per pound; percent ad valorem)
TSUS
Brief description
item 1/
380.00,
382.00
380.04,
382.04
: Boys' and infants'
pajamas, not knit:
Ornamented:
Of cotton
:
:
:
Of manmade
:
fibers.
380.21, :
382.21 :
•
380.24, :
382.24 :
••
380.39, :
382.33 :
380.84, :
382.81 :
Not ornamented:
Valued not over
$1.50 per
suit, of cotton.
Valued over
$1.50 per
suit, of cotton.
Of cotton
Of manmade
fibers.
: Boys' and infants'
knit pajamas:
Ornamented:
:
Of cotton
380.00,
382.00 :
380.04, :
382.04 :
:
382.06 :
380.06,
380.81, :
382.78 :
Of manmade
fibers.
Not ornamented:
Of cotton
Of manmade
fibers.
•
: 1930 rate : 1967 rate : Current rate
:
9o%
: 9o%
:
42.5%
; 42.5%
:
: 37.5%
:
35%
42.5%
20%
: 16.5%
10%
: 8%
:
: 37.5%
:
:
37.5%
: 20%
: 16.5%
: 45¢ + 65% : 250 + 27.5% : 250 + 27.5%
90%
: 42.5%
: 90%
42.5%
; 42.5%
25%
: 21%
:
45%
:
: 35%
; 450 + 65% ; 250 + 32.5% ; 250 + 32.5%
1/ TSUS items 380 .00, 380.04, 380.06, 380.21, 380.24, 380.39, 380.81,
and 380.84 apply to men's and boys' apparel, including pajamas. Items
382.00, 382.04, 382 .06, 382.21, 382.24, 382.33, 382.78, and 382.81 apply
to women's, girls', and infants' apparel, including pajamas.
A-12
The U.S. rate of duty on boys' and infants' pajamas, not knit, not
ornamented, of cotton, valued not over $1.50 per suit (TSUS items 380.21
and 382.21), was reduced from the 1930 rate of 37.5 percent ad valorem
to 20 percent ad valorem, effective January 1, 1948,under the GATT. The
next rate reduction took place under the Kennedy Round in 1968, when
annual rate reductions in 1968 through 1972 resulted in the present rate
of 16.5 percent ad valorem (tables 9 and 10).
The rate of duty on boys' and infants' pajamas, not knit, not ornamented, of cotton, valued over $1.50 per suit (TSUS items 380.24 and
382.24), was reduced from the 1930 rate of 37.5 percent ad valorem to
20 percent ad valorem in a trade agreement with the United Kingdom,
effective January 1, 1939, and to 10 percent ad valorem in the first
round of GATT negotiations, effective January 1, 1948. The 10-percent
rate remained in effect until the Kennedy Round reductions resulting in
the present rate of 8 percent ad valorem (tables 9 and 10).
A small proportion of boys' and infants' woven cotton pajamas is
ornamented. Such articles are dutiable under TSUS items 380.00 and
382.00 shown in table 9.
Boys' and infants' pajamas, of manmade fibers, not knit, not ornamented, are dutiable under TSUS items 380.84 and 382.81. The rate
history of these items is shown in table 9 and is the same as that on
boys' and infants' gowns and robes of manmade fibers, not ornamented,
not knit, as discussed previously in this section. The ad valorem
A-13
equivalent of the U.S. rate of duty on boys' and infants' woven manmade-fiber pajamas was reduced from 84.5 percent ad valorem in 1930
to 38.3 percent ad valorem in 1972 pursuant to successive GATT
I
negotiations.
The changes in the rates of duty for boys' and infants' pajamas,
of manmade fibers, not knit, ornamented (TSUS items 380.04 and 382.04),
are also shown in table 9.
The rate history on boys' and infants' knit pajamas, in chief
value of cotton, not ornamented, (included in TSUS items 380.06 and
382.06), is the same as in the previous section on boys' and infants'
knit shirts of cotton.
Boys' and infants' ornamented knit pajamas of cotton constitute
a small percentage of total imports of boys' and infants t pajamas. Such
items are dutiable under TSUS items 380.00 and 382.00; the rate history
is shown in table 11.
The U.S. rate of duty on infants' knit pajamas, not ornamented, of
manmade fibers (TSUS item 382.78), was reduced from the 1930 rate of 45
cents per pound plus 65 percent ad valorem to 27.5 cents per pound plus
35 percent ad valorem in GATT negotiations, effective January 1, 1948,
and to the present rate of 25 cents per pound plus 32.5 percent ad
valorem, effective June 6, 1951.
Boys' and infants' ornamented pajamas, of manmade fibers, knit,
constitute a small percentage of total imports of boys' and infants'
pajamas and are dutiable under TSUS items 380.04 and 382.04.
A-114
U.S. Consumption
Boys' shirts'
Total U.S. consumption of boys' dress and sport shirts of both
woven and knit fabrics declined during the period 1965-72. As shown
in the table below, total consumption of these shirts decreased irregularly from 16.8 million dozen in 1965 to a low of 14.4 million
dozen in 1971 and 1972. This downward trend is attributable s in part s
toadeclin hato'sbir eandtohurbilyof
shirts of manmade fibers, the principal fibers used.
Boys' dress and sport shirts, woven and knit: U.S. apparent
consumption, 1965-72
(In thousands of dozens)
Year
! Woven
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
! Knit
! Total
: 9,409 : 7,406 : 16,815
: 10,535 : 8,120 : 18,655
: 9,753 : 6,696 : 16,449
: 9,615 : 6,906 : 16,521
: 8,854 : 5,725 : 14,579
: 9,158 : 5,652 : 14,810
: 8,671 : 5,772 : 14,443
: 7,474 : 6,930 : 14,404
Source: Compiled from tables 12 and 13 in appendix A.
Domestic consumption of boys' dress shirts of woven fabrics increased without interruption from 1.7 million dozen in 1965 to 3.2
million dozen in 1970 and 1971, but decreased to 2.6 million dozen in
1972 (table 12). Greater emphasis on shirt styling, such as in collar
design, colors, and patterns, and in promoting the comfort and neatness theme, contributed to the steady growth in the consumption of
A-15
boys' woven dress shirts during the period 1965-71. Consumption of
boys' sport shirts of woven fabrics increased from 7.7 million dozen
in 1965 to 8.6 million dozen in 1966, but declined thereafter to 4.8
million dozen in 1972.
Domestic consumption of boys' knit dress and sport shirts increased from 7.4 million dozen in 1965 to 8.1 million dozen in 1966,
declined erratically to 5.7 million dozen in 1969 and 1970, then increased to 6.9 million dozen in 1972 (table 13).
From 1930 to about 1968, the principal material used in dress and
sport shirts was woven fabric wholly of cotton. As a result of the
development of "wash-and-wear" dress and sport shirts of polyester
fiber and cotton (principally polyester), blended fabrics were increasingly used during the 1955-65 period, but not until the advent of the
"
permanent press" finish on this fabric did its growth increase rapidly.
The consumption of such fabrics in shirts finally exceeded the use of
all-cotton fabrics in 1968 and has since increased its share of the
market.
Boys' dressing gowns and robes
Domestic consumption of boys' dressing gowns and robes of woven
fabrics increased from 156,000 dozen in 1965 to 207,000 dozen in 1970,
then declined to 167,000 dozen in 1972 (table 14). Consumption of
boys' dressing gowns and robes of knit fabrics is negligible.
A-16
Boys' pajamas
Annual domestic consumption of boys' pajamas of both woven and
knit fabrics fluctuated during the period 1965-72, as shown in the
table below.
Boys' pajamas, woven and knit: U.S. apparent consumption, 1965-72
(In thousands of dozens)
Woven : Knit : Total
Year
•
•
•
•
19 65
1,401
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1,128
1,249
1,335
1,330
1,294
1,275
1,255
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
253
370
406
434
329
367
215
179
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1,654
1,498
1,655
1,769
1,659
1,661
1,490
1,434
Source: Compiled from tables 15 and 16 in appendix A.
U.S. consumption of boys' pajamas of woven fabrics declined by
19 percent from 1965 to 1966, increased by 18 percent through 1969,
and then declined by 6 percent by 1972 (table 15). Consumption of
boys' knit pajamas increased 72 percent from 1965 to 1968, then declined by 59 percent by 1972 (table 16).
U.S. Producers
In 1967, the latest year for which such data are available from
the Census of Manufactures, there were 768 domestic concerns involved
in the production of men's and boys' shirts and nightwear. Of these
768, 294 were classified as manufacturers, 137 as jobbers, and 337 as
contractors. Of the 294 manufacturers, 161, * * *, had less than 100
A-17
employees, 79 had 100 to 249 employees, and 54 had 250 or more employees.
In 1967, U.S. shirt manufacturers were concentrated in the Middle Atlantic and Southern States.
The children's sleepwear industry has been faced recently with the
problem of complying with Federal standards on sleepwear up to size 6x.
The Children's Nonflammable Sleepwear Rule (DOC FF 3-71), effective
July 29, 1972, required that all sleepwear through size 6x must meet
the Department of Commerce regulation FF 3-71 or be labeled to the
effect that they do not. Effective July 29, 1973, all sleepwear apparel
up to size 6x will be required to meet the Government standards or be
removed from the market.
In response to the foregoing ruling, several domestic manufacturers
have de-emphasized or converted their children's nightwear business to
making men's and boys' and/or women's and girls' nightwear not subject
to Federal standards because of the high costs in making flame retardant garments. Legislation has already been proposed that would extend
the rules to other sizes (sizes 7-14) and products (dresses and shirts).
* * *. The flammability standards covering children's nightwear coupled
with the almost certain expansion of standards to include other sizes
and products played a major role in the decision of * * *, a large manufacturer of children's knitwear, to discontinue its children's sleepwear
production. * * * action came 6 months before all manufacturers producing children's sleepwear sizes up to 6x were required to conform to
the flammability test.
A-18
U.S. Production
Boys' shirts
Annual domestic production of boys' dress and sport shirts of
woven fabrics increased from 8.1 million dozen in 1965 to 8.7 million
dozen in 1966, but then continually decreased to 4.6 million dozen in
1972 (table 17). The production of boys' shirts of cotton declined
sharply from 7.3 million dozen in 1965 to 1.9 million dozen in 1972,
whereas the production of boys' shirts of manmade fiber/cotton blends
(chiefly manmade fiber) increased in the 1965-72 period to a peak of
3.3 million dozen in 1970, then declined to 2.5 million dozen in 1972.
U.S. production of boys' dress shirts of woven fabrics decreased
from an annual' average of 1.6 million dozen during the period 1965-68
to 1.0 million dozen in 1972; the production of such shirts of woven
cotton fabrics accounted for much of this decline, decreasing sharply
from 1.4 million dozen in 1965 to 493,000 dozen in 1972 (table 17).
The production of boys' shirts of woven polyester and cotton fabrics
(chiefly polyester) increased substantially from 142,000 dozen in 1965
to 771,000 dozen in 1970, then decreased to 555,000 dozen in 1972.
Such polyester/cotton blends accounted for 53 percent of U.S. production of boys' dress shirts in 1972, compared with only 9 percent in
1965.
Domestic production of boys' sport shirts of woven fabrics during
the 1965-72 period declined steadily from a high of 7.1 million dozen
in 1966 to a low of 3.5 million dozen in 1972 (table 17). Some of the
A-19
factors associated with this decline were cited in the section on U.S.
consumption. As with dress shirts, production of sport shirts of woven
cotton fabrics have declined sharply since 1965, while those of polyester fiber and cotton (principally polyester) and of other manmade
fibers have increased (table 17). In 1965, 8 percent of the sport
shirts produced were of fabrics of manmade fibers; in 1972, the share
had increased to 55 percent. The development of the "permanent press"
finish on polyester and cotton fabrics contributed largely to the
increase in sport shirts of woven manmade fibers.
U.S. production of boys' knit shirts during 1965-72 consisted
predominantly of sport shirts. Total production of boys' knit shirts
rose from
6.6
million dozen in 1965 to 7.0 million dozen in 1966, de-
creased to an annual average of 4.7 million dozen in the period 1969-71,
then increased to 5.2 million dozen in 1972 (table 13).
Boys' dressing gowns and robes
U.S. production of boys' dressing gowns and robes of woven fabric,
mostly of cotton, increased irregularly from 145,000 dozen in 1965 to
185,000 dozen in 1970, then decreased to 150,000 dozen in 1972 (table 18).
Production of boys' dressing gowns and robes of woven cotton fabrics
increased almost without interruption from 86,000 dozen in 1965 to
162,000 dozen in 1968, then declined to 126,000 dozen in 1972. Production of boys' dressing gowns and robes of woven wool fabrics declined
from 53,000 dazen in 1965 to a negligible amount in 1972, whereas
A-20
production of such gowns and robes of woven manmade-fiber fabrics rose
threefold in the same period. Production of boys' dressing gowns and
robes of knit fabrics is insignificant.
Boys' pajamas
Domestic production of boys' pajamas of woven fabrics decreased
irregularly from a peak of 1.3 million dozen in 1965 to 985,000 dozen
in 1972 (table 19). Production of boys' pajamas of woven cotton fab-
rics, the principal kind, has trended downward since 1968, whereas
production of such pajamas of woven manmade-fiber fabrics has more
than doubled. Production of boys' pajamas of woven wool fabrics decreased from 479,000 dozen in 1965 to a negligible amount in 1972.
Domestic production of boys' knit pajamas increased from 247,000
dozen in 1965 to 423,000 dozen in 1968, then declined to 174,000 dozen
in 1972 (table 20). Output of such pajamas of cotton, by far the leading fiber, increased from 146,000 dozen in 1965 to 385,000 dozen in
1968, then declined sharply to 146,000 dozen in 1972. Production of
boys' knit pajamas of wool increased from 91,000 dozen in 1965 to
136,000 dozen in 1966, then decreased to a negligible amount in 1972.
Production of such pajamas of manmade fibers increased from 10,000
dozen in 1965 to a high of 49,000 dozen in 1970, then decreased to
28,000 dozen in 1972.
A-21
U.S. Importers
U.S. importers of boys' shirts, dressing gowns and robes, and
pajamas include chiefly: (1) large chain department and mail-order
stores, 1/ * * *; (2) firms which import for smaller chain department
stores, * * *; (3) the import divisions of resident buying offices
which import for member stores, * * *, for their budget departments;
and
(4)
independent firms.
U.S. Imports
Shipments of cotton apparel to the United States have been subject
to restraints of varying degree since 1957.
During 1957-61, Japan
voluntarily limited exports of cotton products to this country. Since
October 1961, imports of cotton products from most countries have been
subject to restraint under a short-term agreement (October 1961September 1962) and a Long-Term Arrangement Regarding International
Trade in Cotton Textiles (LTA) (October 1962 to the present). The
quantitative restraint levels under the LTA for categories of cotton
apparel similar to the types produced by Jablow for selected Asian
countries are shown in table 21.
Shipments to the United States of most manmade-fiber apparel,
including the articles made by Jablow, have also been subject to
1/ These stores also retail substantial quantities of domestically
made shirts, dressing gowns and robes, and pajamas.
A-22
quantitative limitations pursuant to bilateral agreements, some of
which were signed in late 1971 and others later, between the United
States and Japan, Taiwan, the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia,
and Macao (Portugal). The quantitative restraint levels for categories of manmade-fiber apparel similar to the types produced by Jablow
are shown in table 22.
According to importers, the LTA on cotton apparel and the U.S.
bilateral agreements on manmade-fiber apparel have provided the impetus for a recent shift in U.S. imports from boys' wear to higher priced
men's wear. Whereas the unit volume of U.S. imports for a specified
period is subject to restraint, the dollar value is not. The U.S. restraints on apparel coupled with the recent devaluations of the U.S.
dollar have caused several retail chains--* * *--to consider importing
boys' wear from countries not subject to U.S. quantitative controls
and with extremely low labor costs.
Boys' shirts
U.S. imports of boys' dress and sport shirts of woven fabrics
were less than 1 million dozen each year from 1947 through 1961 and
reached 1 million dozen for the first time in 1962. Most of these
shirts were of cotton (table 2). Thereafter, imports increased from
1.4 million dozen in 1965 to about 3.7 million dozen in 1970 and 1971;
they were 3.0 million dozen in 1972 (table 12). The ratio of imports
to consumption increased from 15 percent in 1965 to 43 percent in
1971, then declined to 40 percent in 1972.
A-23
Imports of boys' dress shirts of woven fabrics consistently increased from about 0.2 million dozen in 1965 to 2.1 million dozen in
1971, then declined to 1.6 million dozen in 1972. The ratio of imports to consumption increased from 10 percent in 1965 to 65 percent
in 1971, then decreased to 61 percent in 1972. Imports of boys' sport
shirts of woven fabrics increased from 1.2 million dozen in 1965 to
2.4 million dozen in 1968, then decreased thereafter to 1.4 million
dozen in 1972. The ratio of imports to consumption increased from
16 percent in 1965 to 34 percent in 1968, then declined to 29 percent
in 1972.
U.S. imports of boys' dress shirts of woven cotton fabrics
increased from about 152,000 dozen in 1965 to 356,000 dozen in 1968,
decreased to 295,000 dozen in 1970, then increased to 372,000 dozen in
1972 (table 23). Imports of boys' dress shirts of woven fabrics of manmade fibers increased from 27,000 dozen in 1965 to 1.8 million dozen in
1971; they were 1.2 million dozen in 1972. Imports of boys' shirts of
woven cotton fabrics decreased irregularly from 1.1 million dozen in 1965
to 0.7 million dozen in 1972. Imports of boys' sport shirts of woven
fabrics of manmade fibers increased from about 0.1 million dozen in
1965 to 1.0 million dozen in 1970 and 1971, then declined sharply to
0.7 million dozen in 1972.
Boys' dress shirts of woven fabrics have been imported mainly
from Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, and Japan. Imports of
A-2
boys' dress shirts from Hong Kong and the Republic of Korea accounted
for approximately 75 percent of the total quantity of imports in 1972.
Average unit values on a f.o.b. basis indicate that boys' dress shirts
from the Republic of Korea and Taiwan are lower priced than those from
Hong Kong and Japan (table 24).
Hong Kong, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan were the
principal suppliers of boys sport shirts of woven fabrics in the
1970-72 period, accounting for more than 85 percent of the total quantity in each year. Based on average f.o.b. unit values of imports
from the four above-mentioned countries, imports of sport shirts of
woven fabrics from Taiwan were the lowest priced, and those from Hong
Kong were the highest priced (table 25).
U.S. imports of boys' knit shirts increased erratically from
0.9 million dozen in 1965 to 1.7 million dozen in 1972, and the ratio
of imports to consumption increased erratically from 12 percent in 1965
to 25 percent in 1972 (table 13). Imports of boys' knit shirts of
cotton increased from 422 thousand dozen in 1965 to 595 thousand dozen
in 1966; imports fluctuated in the following years, 1968-72, and were
477 thousand dozen in 1972 (table 26). Imports of knit shirts of, manmade fibers increased from 0.4 million dozen in 1965 to 1.2 million
dozen in 1972.
dressi ng
Annual imports of boys' dressing gowns and robes Of all woven
fabrics increased from 13,000 dozen in 1965 to a high of 26,000 dozen
AT-25
in 1971, then declined to 22,000 dozen in 1972 (table 14). The ratio
of imports to consumption increased from 8 percent in 1965 to 13 percent in 1972.
U.S. imports of boys' dressing gowns and robes of woven cotton
fabrics rose from 10,000 dozen in 1965 and 1966 to 19,000 dozen in
1969, then leveled off at 18,000 dozen in each of the years 1970-12
(table 27). Boys' dressing gowns and robes of woven cotton fabrics
consisted mostly of articles having a foreign unit value not over
$2.50 each (table 7). Annual imports of boys' dressing gowns and
robes of woven fabrics of manmade fibers increased erratically from
2,000 dozen in 1965 and 1966 to 7,000 dozen in 1971, then declined
to 3,000 dozen in 1972. The principal sources of boys' woven dressing gowns and robes in 1971 and 1972 were the Republic of Korea, Japan,
Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Annual imports of knit dressing gowns and robes
are negligible.
Boys' pajamas
Total U.S. imports of boys' woven pajamas increased irregularly
from 116,000 dozen in 1965 to 277,000 dozen in 1972, and the ratio of
imports to consumption increased from 8 percent in 1965 to 22 percent
in 1972 (table 15). Imports of boys' pajamas of woven cotton fabrics
increased from 114,000 dozen in 1965 to 240,000 dozen in 1972 (table
28) and consisted mostly of pajamas valued not over $1.50 per suit
(table 10). Imports of boys' pajamas of woven manmade fiber fabrics
increased substantially from 2,000 dozen in 1965 to 83,000 dozen in
A-26
1971, then decreased sharply to 37,000 dozen in 1972. The principal
source of boys' woven pajamas in 1971 and 1972 was Hong Kong.
Annual imports of boys' knit pajamas increased from a low of
6,000 dozen in 1966 to 17,000 dozen in 1970, then declined to 9,000
dozen in 1972 (table 16). The ratio of imports to consumption increased from 2 percent in 1966 and 1967 to about 5 percent in each
year 1970-72. The principal source of knit pajamas in 1971 and 1972
was Romania, however, the above-mentioned imports include only imports
dutiable under column 1 rates in the TSUS. U.S. imports from Romania
are dutiable under the higher rates shown in column 2 of the TSUS. The
rates shown in column 1 are current trade-agreement rates of duty, while
those in column 2 are the statutory rates applicable to Communist dominated or controlled countries.
U.S. Exports
Annual U.S. exports of boys' dress and sport shirts of woven fabrics increased from 84,000 dozen in 1965 to 113,000 dozen in 1966 and
1967, decreased to a low of 70,000 dozen in 1970, then increased to
106,000 dozen in 1972 (table 12). Exports were less than 3 percent of
production in each year 1965-72.
U.S. exports of boys' shirts of knit fabrics declined irregularly
from 54,000 dozen in 1965 to 33,000 dozen in 1972 (table 13).
U.S. exports of boys' dressing gowns, robes, and,pa4amas have been
small during the period 1965-72 (tables 14-16).
A- 27
Firm and Plant Information
Company history, plant, and equipment
I. Jablow & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., was founded in 1922 by
Isadore Jablow and Samuel Levinson as a partnership for the purpose of
manufacturing boys' blouses. On February 1, 1946, the company was
incorporated in Delaware as a manufacturer of boys' dress and sport
shirts and pajamas. The company is still owned by members of the
immediate family, but is being liquidated. After moving to several
locations in the Philadelphia area, the company settled on the top floor
of a warehouse where they have remained since 1940. Jablow has a sales
office located in New York City, which is also operated by the immediate
family.
Products
The principal items of production were woven and knit boys' dress
and sport shirts, ranging in size from 3 to 20. Jablow also produced
boys' woven robes and pajamas. The shirts were made predominantly from
a 50/50 blend of cotton and manmade-fiber fabric.
*
*
*
*
*
*
•
•
A-28
Unemployment
The following table gives unemployment rates for the Philadelphia
area, the State of Pennsylvania, and the United States.
Rate of unemployment for the civilian work force
(Percent)
Location
• February : March
Annual : February : March
' 1972
' 1972 1/' 1972 ' 1973 2/ ' 1973
•
•
•
Philadelphia area----:
State of
:
Pennsylvania
United States
:
6.0 :
6.0 :
6.4 :
5.9 •
5.9 •
5.3 :
.
.
.
5.7 •
6.1 :
.
5.3 :
5.6 :
:
4.8 :
5.6 :
1/ One year prior to Jablow's announcement of closing.
2/ Last full month prior to Jablow's announcement of closing.
Source: Pennsylvania Employment Service.
5.3
4.5
5.2
A-29
APPENDIX A
STATISTICAL TABLES
A-30
Table 1.--U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' shirts, not knit
LI
vided for in specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT concessions t jan.
TSUS
item
No.
GATT concession
Abbreviated description
Rate
380.00 1/ : Boys' lace or net, and/
:
or ornamented shirts,
of cotton.
382.00 2/ : Infants' 3/ lace or net,
:
and/or ornamented
shirts, of cotton.
380.04 1/ : Boys' lace or net, and/
:
or ornamented shirts,
of manmade fibers.
382.04 2/ : Infants' 3/ lace or net,
:
and/or ornamented
shirts, or manmade
:
fibers.
380.27
: Boys' shirts, not orna:
mented, of cotton.
380.84
382.81
382.33
1930 rate
: Boys' shirts, not ornamented, of manmade
fibers.
•
: Infants' 3/ shirts, not
ornamented, of manmade
:
fibers.
: Infants' 3/ shirts, not
:
ornamented, of cotton.
: 90% ad val.
:
: 90% ad val.
•
: 90% ad val.
:
: 90% ad val.
•
: 45% ad val.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
60% ad val.
45% ad val.
42.5% ad val.
41% ad val.
39% ad val.
38% ad val.
36% ad val.
35% ad val.
Same as for
item 380.00.
60% ad val.
: 45% ad val.
: 42.5% ad val.
: Same as for
: item 380.04.
• Effective date
: Jan. 1,
June 6,
: June 30,
Jan, 1,
Jan.
Jan. 1,
Jan. 1,
: Jan. 1,
170
1971
1972
-
: Jan. 1, 1948
: June 6, 1951
: June 30, 1958
•
:
:
:
:
:
:
: 45¢ per lb. + :
: 65% ad val. :
:
:
•
:
: 45¢ per lb. + :
: 65% ad val. :
: 37.5% ad val. :
:
:
:
:
:
:
25% ad val.
24% ad val.
23% ad val.
22.5% ad val.
21.5% ad val.
21% ad val.
27.5¢ per lb.
+ 35% ad val.
25* per lb. +
32.5% ad val.
25¢ per lb. +
27.5% ad val.
Same as for
item 380.84.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
20% ad val.
19% ad val.
18.5% ad val.
17.5% ad val.
17% ad val.
16.5% ad val.
:
:
:
:
:
:
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
June
6, 1951
1948
196 8
1969
1970
1971
1972
1948
June 30, 1958
:
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1/ Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 380.03.
2/ Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 382.03.
3/ Infants are defined in the TSUSA as children, regardless of their sex, up to
and including 6 years of age.
Note.--Items of cotton were exempt from the 10-percent surcharge eff ,--ctive Apo,
through Dec. 19, 1971, -but items of manmade fibers were not exempt.
-
1948
191
197S
1948
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
A-31
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A- 3 3
Table 4.--U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' shirts, knit, of the types provided
for in specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT concessions to Jan. 1, 1972
TSUS
item
No.
GATT concession
1930 rate
; Abbreviated description ;
Rate
: Boys' shirts:
Lace or net, and/or
380.00 1/ :
ornamented, of cotton.
: 90% ad val.
:
: 60% ad val.
: 45% ad val.
•
•
:
:
:
:
•
•
•
•
380.04 1/ :
•
380.06
: 36% ad val.
: 35% ad val.
Lace or net, and/or
ornamented, of
manmade fibers.
: 90% ad val.
: 60% ad val.
: 45% ad val.
Not ornamented, of
cotton.
: 45% ad val.
: 42.5% ad val.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
:
Not ornamented, of
manmade fibers.
: Infants' 2/ shirts:
Lace or net, and/or
382.00 3/ :
ornamented, of
•
cotton.
•
•
: 90% ad val.
•
•
•
•
•
382.06
382.78
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
:
:
:
:
35%
25%
24%
23%
ad
ad
ad
ad
val.
val.
val.
val.
22.5% ad val.
: 21.5% ad val.
: 21% ad val.
1, 1948
June 6, 1951
June 30, 1958
Jan. 1, 1968
Jan. 1, 1969
Jan. 1, 1970
Jan. 1, 1971
Jan. 1, 1972
: Jan.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
: Jan. 1, 1948
: June 6, 1951
: June 30, 1958
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Jan.
Sept.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
27.5¢ per lb. +: Jan.
: 45¢ per lb. +
:
65% ad val. : 35% ad val.
: 25¢ per lb. + : June
: 32.5% ad val. :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
382.04 3/ :
42.5% ad val.
41% ad val.
39% ad val.
38% ad val.
•
•
•
380.81
! Effective date
•
1,
10,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1948
1955
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1, 1948
6, 1951
•
•
•
•
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
60% ad val.
45% ad val.
42.5% ad val.
41% ad val.
39% ad val.
38% ad val.
36% ad val.
35% ad val.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Jan. 1, 1948
June 6, 1951
June 30, 1958
Jan. 1, 1968
Jan. 1, 1969
Jan. 1, 1970
Jan. 1, 1971
Jan. 1, 1972
Lace or net, and/or
ornamented, of
manmade fibers.
: 90% ad val.
: 60% ad val.
: 45% ad val.
: 42.5% ad val.
: Jan. 1, 1948
: June 6, 1951
: June 30; 1958
Not ornamented, of
cotton.
: 45% ad val.
: 35% ad val.
: 25% ad val.
: 24% ad val.
23% ad val.
: 22.5% ad val.
: 21.5% ad val.
: 21% ad val.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Not ornamented, of
manmade fibers.
Jan. 1,
Sept.10,
Jan. 1,
Jan. 1,
Jan. 1,
Jan. 1,
Jan. 1,
: 45¢ per lb. + : 27.5¢ per lb. +: Jan.
:
: 65% ad val. : 35% ad val.
•
: 25¢ per lb. + : June
•
•
: 32.5% ad val. :
•
1948
1955
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1, 1948
6, 1951
1/ Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 380.03.
2/ Infants are defined in the TSUSA as children, regardless of-their sex, up to and
including 6 years of age.
3/ Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 382.03.
Note.--Items of cotton were exempt from the 10-percent surcharge effective Aug. 16
through Dec. 19, 1971, but items of manmade fibers were not exempt.
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A-35
Table 6.--U .S. rates of duty applicable to boys' dressing gowns, including
bathrobes and beach robes, not knit, of the types provided for in
specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT concessions, except as indicated,
to Jan. 1 , 1972
•
TSUS
item
•
Brief description
•
GATT concession
: Effective
Rate
•
date
1930 rate
•
380.00 1/
380.02 1/
: Boys' dressinggowns:
•
and robes:
•
•
Lace or net, and/ : 90% ad val. : 60% ad val.
or ornamented, :
: 45% ad val.
of cotton.
: 42.5% ad val.
: 41% ad val.
: 39% ad val.
: 38% ad val.
•
: 36% ad val.
: 35% ad val.
:
•
Jan. 1, 1948
June 6, 1951
June 30, 1958
Jan. 1, 1968
Jan. 1, 1969
Jan. 1, 1970
Jan. 1, 1971
Jan. 1, 1972
Lace or net, and/ : 90% ad val. : 60% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1948
or ornamented, :
: 45% ad val. : June 1, 1951
of wool.
•
: 42.5% ad val. : June 30, 1958
•
•
380.04 1/
:
•.
•
•
Lace or net, and/
or ornamented,
of manmade
fibers.
380.15
:
:
•.
.•
•
Not ornamented,
valued not
over $2.50
each, of
cotton.
: 37.5%
:
ad val.
:
Not ornamented,
valued over
$2.50 each,
of cotton.
: 37.5%
ad val.
380.18
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
: 90% ad val. : 60% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1948
:
: 45% ad val. : June 6, 1951
•.
: 42.5% ad val. : June 30, 1958
•
.•
•.
:
:
:
:
:
:
20% ad val.
19% ad val.
18.5% ad val.
17.5% ad val.
17.0% ad val.
16.5% ad val.
: 20%
ad val. 2/
: 10% ad vaT.
: 9.5% ad val.
: 9.0% ad val.
: 8.5% ad val.
: 8.0% ad val.
:
:
:
:
:
:
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Jan.
1, 1939
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1948
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1948
1968
1969
1970
1971
•
380.63
:
Not ornamented,
valued not
over $4 per
pound, of wool.
See footnotes at end of table.
•
: 33¢ per lb. : 33¢ per lb.+ : Jan.
•
+ 45%
:
30%
:
ad val
:
ad val 2/
:
1, 1939
A.-36
Table 6.--U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' dressing gowns, including
bathrobes and beach robes, not knit, of the types provided for in
specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT concessions, except as indicated,
to Jan. 1, 1972.--Continued
TSUS
item
380.66
Brief description
.
:
..
:
.
.
•
•.
:
:
:
Not ornamented,
Valued over $4
per pound, of
wool.
•
.
380.84
:
:
:
:
.•
:
•.
:
:
:
:
•
.
•.
:
:
:
:
.
:
•.
:
•.
:
.•
:
:
Not ornamented,
manmade fibers.
•.
:
-.
:
:
:
382.00 4/
•
•
• 1930 rate •
•
.
:
:
:
•
.
GATT concession
Rate
: Effective
date
: 25¢ per lb.+ : Jan. 1, 1948
:
25% ad val.:
: 25¢ per lb.+ : June 30, 1956
:
23.5%
:
ad val.
:
: 25¢ per lb.+ : June 30, 1957
:
22.5%
:
:
ad val.
: 25¢ per lb.+ : June 30, 1958
21% ad val. :
:
•.
50¢ per lb. : 50¢ per lb. : Jan. 1, 1939
+ 50%
:
+ 30%
:
ad val.
:
ad val. 2/
: 37.5¢ per lb.: Jan. 1, 1948
:
+ 25%
:
ad val.
:
: 37.5¢ per lb.: June 30, 1956
+ 23.5%
•.
:
ad val.
:
: 37.5¢ per lb. : June 30, 1957
:
+ 22.5%
:
ad val.
:
: 37.5¢ per lb. : June 30, 1958
:
+ 21%
•.
•. ad val.
:
•.
•
45* per lb. : 27.5¢ per lb.: Jan. 1, 1948
+ 65%
:
+ 35%
•.
ad val.
:
ad val.
:
: 25¢ per lb. : June 6, 1951
:
+ 32.5%
•.
:
ad val.
:
: 25¢ per lb. : June 30, 1958
:
+27.5%
:
:
ad val.
Infants' 3/dressing :
:
:
gowns androbes: :
•.
•
Lace or net, and/ : 90% ad val. : Same as for :
or ornamented, :
•
.
item 380.00
:
:
of cotton.
:
•
See footnotes at end of table.
▪
▪
A-37
Table 6.--U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' dressing gowns, including
bathrobes and beach robes, not knit, of the types provided for in
specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT concessions, except as indicated,
to Jan. 1, 1972--Continued
TSUS
item
GATT concession
•
•
382.02 4/
:
382.04 4/
:
382.15
382.18
Brief description ' 1930 rate
Lace or net, and/ : 90% ad val. : Same as for :
or ornamented,
item380.02:
of wool.
•
Lace or net, and/ : 90% ad val. : Same as for :
or ornamented,
:
item380.04:
•
of manmade
fibers.
•
Not ornamented,
: 37.5%
: Same as for :
valued not
ad val.
:
item 380.15 :
over $2.50
each, of
•
cotton.
Not ornamented,
valued over
$2.50 each,
of cotton.
382.60
: 37.5%
:
ad val.
: Same as for :
:
item380.18:
•
Not ornamented,
: 33¢ per lb. : Same as for :
valued not
+ 45%
:
item380.63:
over $4 per
:
ad val.
:
pound, of wool. :
•
•
382.63
382.81
Effective
date
Rate
Not ornamented,
valued over $4
per pound, of
wool.
:
•
Not ornamented,
of manmade
fibers.
•
•
: 50¢ per lb. : Same as for :
:
*,50%
•
item 380.66
:
ad val.
:
•
: 45¢ per lb. : Same as for :
+ 65%
:
item380.84:
ad val.
•
•
1/ Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 380.03.
27 Trade agreement with the United Kingdom.
3/ Infants are defined in the TSUSA as children, regardless of their sex, up
to and including & years of age.
4/ Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 382.03.
Note.--Items of cotton were exempt from the 10-percent surcharge effective
Aug. 16 through Dec. 19, 1971, but items of manmade fibers were not exempt.
A-38
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Table 8.--U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' dressing gowns, including bathrobes and beach robes, knit, of the types provided for in
specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT concessions to Jan. 1, 1972
TSUS
item
•
•
•
Brief description .• 1930 rate .•
GATT concession
Rate
: Effective
date
: Boy's dressing
:
gowns androbes::
: 90% ad val.: 60% ad val. :
380.00 1/ :
Lace or net,
45% ad val. :
and/or orna42.5%ad val. :
••
mented, of
41% ad val. :
cotton.
: 39% ad val. :
•
: 38% ad val. :
: 36% ad val. :
: 35% ad val. :
380.06
:
•
:
:
Jan.
June
June
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1948
6, 1951
30, 1958
1, 1968
1, 1969
1, 1970
1, 1971
1, 1972
Not ornamented, : 45% adval.: 35% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1948
: 25% ad val. : Sept. 10, 1955
:
of ootton.
:
: 24% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1968
:
: 23% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1969
:
: 22.5% ad val.: Jan. 1, 1970
: 21.5% ad val.: Jan. 1, 1971
:
: 21% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1972
:
•.
: Infants' 2/
•
:
dressing gow4S, :
•
•.
and robes:
: 90% adval.: Same as for :
382.00 3/ :
Lace or net,
and/or orna- :
: , item 380.00
•
mented, of
:
:
cotton.
.
Not
ornamented,
:
45%
ad
val.:
Same as for :
382.06
•.
:
.
of cotton.
:
item 380.06
382.78
Not ornamented, : 45¢ per
of manmade
:
lb +
fibers.
:
65%
ad val.
•
•
: 27.5 ¢ per
: Jan. 1, 1948
:
lb. + 35%
:
ad val.
: 25¢ per lb.+ : June 6, 1951
:
32.5%
dd val.
••
1/
T/
sex,
3/
Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 380.03.
Infants are defined in the TSUSA as children, regardless of their
up to and including 6 years of age.
Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 382.03.
Note:--Items of cotton were exempt from the 10-percent surcharge
effective Aug. 16 through Dec. 19,1971, but items of manmade fibers
were not exempt.
•
A-4o
rates of duty applicable to boys' pajamas, not knit, of
Table
the types provided for in specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT =cessions, except as indicated, to Jan. 1, 1972
•
TSUS
ITEM
▪ Brief description •' 1930 rate •
••
•
: Boys'pajamas:
380.00 1/ :
Lace or net,
and/or orna:
mented, of
cotton.
GATT concession
: Effective
Rate
date
:90% ad val.: 60% ad val.
45% ad val.
42.5% ad val.
41% ad val.
39% ad val.
38% ad val.
36% ad val.
35% ad val.
••
•
•
380.04 1/ : Lace or net, and/ : 90% ad val.: 60% ad val.
or ornamented, :
:
45% ad val.
42.5% ad val.
of manmade fibers
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Jan.
June
June
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1948
6, 1951
30, 1958
1, 1968
1, 1969
1, 1970
1, 1971
1, 1972
: Jan. 1, 1948
: June 6, 1951
: June 30, 1958
380.21
: Not ornamented,
valued not
:
over $1.50
per suit, of
:
cotton.
: 37.5%
: 20% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1948
:
ad val. : 19% ad val. : Zan.11, 1968
: 18.5% ad val.: Jan-1, 1969
: 17.5% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1970
•
: 17.0% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1971
: 16.5% ad val. : Jan. 1, 1972
380.24
: Not ornamented,
valued over
:
$1.50 per
suit, of cot:
:
ton.
: 37.5%
: 20% ad val. 2/ :
:
ad val. : 10% ad val:- :
: 9.5% ad val. :
:
: 9.0% ad val. :
: 8.5% ad val. :
: 8.0% ad val. :
380.84
: Not ornamented,
of manmade
fibers.
: 45* per
: 27.5* per lb. : Jan. 1, 1948
lb. +
:
35% al val. :
65% ad : 25* per lb. + : June 6, 1951
val.
:
32.5% ad
:
val.
: 25$ per lb. +: June 30, 1958
:
27.5% ad
:
:
val.
: Infants' 3/
▪
pajamas:
Lace or net,and/: 90% ad val.. Same as for
382.00 3/ :
item 380.00 :
•
or ornamented, :
•
of cotton'.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1939
1, 1948
1, 1968
1, 1969
1, 1970
1, 1971
A-4i
Table 9.--U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' pajamas, not knit, of
the types provided for in specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT concessions, except as indicated, to Jan. 1, 1972--Continued
TSUS
item
•
•
: Brief description : 1930 rate :
•
•
GATT concession
Rate
: Effective
date
382.04 4/ : Lace or net, and/ :90% ad val.: Same as for :
or ornamented, of:
•• item 380.04:
manmade fibers. :
•
•
382.21
: Not ornamented,
: 37.5%
: Same as for :
item 380.21
• valued not over :
ad val. :
•
$1.50 per suit,
•
• of cotton.
•
382.24
382.81
1/
2/
3/
sex,
4/
: Not ornamented,
• valued over
• $1.50persuit,
• of cotton.
•
: Not ornamented,
of manmade
:
fibers.
•
•
: 37.5%
: Same as for :
item 380.24 :
:
ad val. :
:
•
:
•
: 45¢ per
: Same as for :
•.
lb. + 65%:
item 380.84:
:
ad val. :
Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 380.03.
Trade agreement with the United Kingdom.
Infants are defined in the TSUSA as children, regardless of their
up to and including 6 years of age.
Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 382.03.
Note.--Items of cotton were exempt from the 10-percent surcharge
effective Aug. 16 through Dec. 19, 1971, but items of manmade fibers
were not exempt.
•
▪••
•
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A-43
Table 11.--U.S. rates of duty applicable to boys' pajamas, knit, of the types provided
for in specified TSUS items, 1930 and GATT concessions to Jan. 1, 1972
GATT concession
TSUS
item
Brief description
1930 rate
Rate
: Boys' pajamas:
Lace or net, and/or : 90% ad val.
380.00 1---:
ornamented, of
:
cotton.
:
380.06
60% ad val.
45% ad val.
42.5% ad val.
41% ad val.
39% ad val.
38% ad val.
36% ad val.
35% ad val.
35% ad val.
25% ad val.
24% ad val.
23% ad val.
22.5% ad val.
21.5% ad val.
21% ad val.
Not ornamented , of : 45% ad val.
cotton.
••
•
•
: Infants' 2/ pajamas:
Lace or net, and/or
382.00 2/---:
ornamented, of
cotton.
382.04
Lace or net, and/or
ornamented, of
manmade fibers.
Not ornamented, of
:
382.06
cotton.
Not ornamented, of
:
382.78
manmade fibers.
:
••
••
90% ad val.
: Same as for item:
380.00
90% ad val.
:
:
:
:
45%0
Effective
date
Jan. 1, 1948
June 6, 1951
June 30, 1958
Jan. 1, 1968
Jan. 1, 1969
Jan. 1, 1970
Jan. 1, 1971
Jan. 1, 1972
Jan. 1, 1948
Sept. 10, 1955
Jan. 1, 1968
Jan. 1, 1969
Jan. 1, 1970
Jan. 1, 1971
Jan. 1, 1972
60% ad val.
: Jan. 1, 1948
: June 6, 1951
45% ad val.
42.5% ad val.
: June 30, 1958
Same as for item:
380.06
lb. + : 27.5¢ per lb. + : Jan. 1, 1948
:
65% ad val. :
35% ad val.
: 250 per lb. +
: June 6, 1951
32.5% ad val. :
•
J Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 380.03.
2/ Infants are defined in the TSUSA as children, regardless of their sex, up to
and including 6 years of age.
2/ Prior to Jan. 1, 1968, this item was part of item 382.03.
Note.--Items of cotton were exempt from the 10-percent surcharge effective
August 16 through December 19, 1971, but items of manmade fibers were not exempt.
A-44
Table 12.--Boys' shirts, not knit: U.S. production, imports for consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and apparent consumption, by
types, 1965-72
Apparent
Type and year :Production 1/:Imports 2/: Exports
. consumption
1,000
dozen
:
:
1,000
dozen
:
:
Dress shirts:
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1,573
1,650
1,528
1,588
1,291
1,306
1,141
3/ 1,048
.•
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
179
331
760
1,085
1,389
1,892
2,089
1,594
Sport shirts:
1965
1966
1967---1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
6,500
7,098
5,757
4,642
4,235
4,205
3,916
3/ 3,524
.•
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1,241
1,569
1,821
2,396
2,014
1,825
1,600
1,414
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
•
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
8,073
8,748
7,285
6,230
5,526
5,511
5,057
3/ 4,572
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1,420
1,900
2,581
3,481
3,403
3,717
3,689
3,008
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Total:
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
•
1,000
dozen
:
:
1,000
dozen
Ratio of
imports to
:consumption
:
: Percent
28
32
28
22
19
12
12
13
•.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1,724
1,949
2,260
2,651
2,661
3,186
3,218
2,629
•.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
10.4
17.0
33.6
40.9
52.2
59.4
64.9
60.6
56
81
85
74
56
58
63
93
•.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
7,685
8,586
7,493
6,964
6,193
5,972
5,453
4,845
•
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
16.1
18.3
24.3
34.4
32.5
30.6
29.3
29.2
84
113
113
96
75
70
75
106
•.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
9,409
10,535
9,753
9,615
8,854
9,158
8,671
7,474
.•
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
15.1
18.0
26.5
36.2
38.4
40.6
42.5
40.2
•
1/ Compiled from statistics of the National Cotton Council of America.
2/ Excludes shirts of silk and of vegetable fibers, except cotton, not
separately reported. Includes small amounts of infants' shirts.
3/ Preliminary.
Source: Partly estimated bythe U.S. Tariff Commission, based on official
statistics-of the U.S, Department of Commerce, except as noted.
•
imports and exports.
A-45
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Table 16.--Boys' pajamas, knit: U.S. production, imports for consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and apparent consumption,
1965-72
Year
19 65
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
'Produc-'•
•
• Apparent : Ratio of
:Imports
2/:Exports
'tion 1/
2/:consumption' imports to
— •
:
:consum tion
•
1,000 : 1,000
: 1,000
1,000
--L--2--2-dozen : dozen
: dozen
dozen
: Percent
•.
:
•
:
247 :
253 :
3 :
9 :
3.6
:
367 :
6 :
3 :
370 :
1.6
:
:
:
:
402
423
318
352
:
:
:
:
:3/ 206 :
:V/ 174 :
7
15
14
17
:
:
:
:
11 :
9 :
3 :
4 :
406 :
434 :
3 :
2 :
2 :
14 :
329 :
367 :
215 :
179 •
1.8
3.5
4.3
4.6
5.1
5.0
•
1/ Compiled from statistics of the National Cotton Council of America.
2/ Partly estimated; excludes imports from Communist dominated or
controlled countries.
3/ Revised.
T/ Preliminary.
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based on
official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce, except as
noted.
A- 149
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Table 17. - - Boys ' shirts, not kn it: U. S. p roduction, by types andfibers, 1965- 72
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Table 18.--Boys' dressing gowns, including bathrobes and beach robes,
not knit: U.S. production, by fibers, 1965-72
(In thousands of dozens)
:Mamm
al
CottonVool 1/:fibers
ade :Tot
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
:
:
:
:
86
83
148
162
151
:
:
:
:
:
53 :
52 :
19
7
11
9
:
:
:
:
6
6
9
9
•
:
:
:
:
145
141
176
178
:
12 : 174
: 150 :
26 : 185
: 149 :
2/ :
28 : 177
2/ :
: 126 :
24 : 150
:
.
.
lj Includes small quantities of fibers other than cotton, wool, or
manmade fibers.
2/ Negligible.
1970
1971
1972
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based on
official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce and statistics
of the National Cotton Council of America.
A-51
Table 19.--Boys' pajamas, not knit: U.S. production,
by fibers, 1965-72
(In thousands of dozens)
Manmrs
ade:
: Total
Cotton: Wool 1/
— ::ffbe
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
:
:
:
:
763 :
583 :
906 :
1,025 :
930 :
839 :
852 :
821:
479
365
119
45
64
52
2/
2/
:
:
:
•
:
:
:
:
52
39
54
56
75
145
162
158
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1,294
987
1,079
1,126
1,069
1,036
1,014
985
/ Includes small quantities of fibers other than cotton, wool, or
manmade fibers.
Negligible.
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based on
official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce and statistics
of the National Cotton Council of America.
A-52
Table 20.--Boys' pajamas, knit: U.S. production, by fibers, 1965-72
In thousands of dozens)
•
•
'Cotton:Wool
1/ :Mammade: Total
Year
. fibers:
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
:
146
:
:
217
:
338
:
:
385
277
285
173
:
146
•
:
:
:
:
:
91
136
44
17
19
18
:
-
:
-
•
:
:
10
14
:
20
21
22
49
:
33
28
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
247
367
402
423
318
352
206
174
•
1/ Includes small quantities of fibers other than cotton, wool, or
manmade fibers.
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based on
official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce and published
statistics of the National Cotton Council of America.
A-5 3
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A.-56
Table 24.--Boys' dress shirts, not ornamented, not knit: 1/ U.S.
imports for consumption, by principal sources, 1970-72
1970
Source
;
1971
:
1972
Quantity (1,000 dozen)
•
Hong Kong
Republic of Korea
Taiwan
Japan
Malaysia
All other
Total
:
:
:
:
Hong Kong
Republic of Korea
Taiwan
Japan
Malaysia
All other
Total
:
:
:
:
:
Hong Kong
Republic of KoreaTaiwan
Japan
Malaysia
All other
Average
:
682
646 :
663 :
843
243 :
276
263 :
182
43 :
39
46
15 :
1,873 : 2,068
Value (1,000
5,597 : 6,600
4,308 : 5,870
1,905 : 2,408
2,087 : 1,844
345
340 :
430
182 :
: 14,419 : 17,497
• Unit value (per
:
:
:
:
:
:
8.66
6.50
7.84
7.94
7.90
12.13
7.70
•
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
9.68
6.96
8.72
10.13
8.84
9.34
8.46
587
:
592
:
:
205
:
99
40
:
:
59
:
1,582
dollars)
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
5,918
4,478
1,883
1,165
371
567
14,382
dozen)
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
10.08
7.56
9.19
11.77
9.27
9.61
9.09
1/ Includes small amounts of infants' shirts.
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based
on official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
A-57
Table 25.--Boys' sport shirts, not ornamented, not knit: 1/ U.S.
imports for consumption, by principal sources, 1970-72
1970 : 1971 : 1972
Source
Quantity (1,000 dozen)
444
491 :
266
467 :
335
304 :
370 :
350
30
15 :
158
159 :
1,806 : 1,583
Value (1,000
421
:
286
:
259
:
254
:
33
:
144
:
1,397
:
dollars)
Hong Kong
Japan
Republic of Korea
Taiwan
Mexico
All other
Total
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Hong Kong
Japan
Republic of Korea
Taiwan
Mexico
All other
Total
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Hong Kong
Japan
Republic of Korea
Taiwan
Mexico
All other
Average
9.00 :
:
8.22 :
8.82 :
8.20 :
I
8.84 :
:
8.71 :
7.89 :
7.29 :
:
: 12.73 : 16.30 :
8.68 :
:
8.18 :
8.80 :
8.14 :
:
4,186
4,034 : 3,994 :
2,776
3,829 : 2,347 :
2,537
2,647 : 2,961 :
2,358
2,699 : 2,760 :
564
191 :
489 :
1,434
1,300 : 1,372 :
13,855
14,700 : 13,923 :
Unit value (per dozen)
•
9.94
9.71
9.80
9.28
17.09
9.96
9.92
1/ Includes small amounts of infants' shirts.
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based
on official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
A.-58
Table 26.--Boys' knit shirts 1/: U.S. imports for consumption, by fibers, 1965-72
Fiber
. .
.
' 1965 • 1966 • 1967 • 1968 ' 1969 • 1970 ' 1971 ' 1972
Quantity (1,000 dozen)
Cotton
Wool
Manmade fibers 2/
Total
:
•
:
595
:
15
:
607
: 1,217
•
:
:
:
:
•
:
:
:
:
•
355 :
312 :
40 :
41 :
630 :
683 :
982
1,079
:
313
:
24
:
739
: 1,076
:
477
:
17
: 1,242
: 1,736
: 3,107 : 6,409 : 2,295 : 2,378 : 2,670 : 2,564 : 2,886
:
727 :
720 : 1,006 : 1,571 : 1,648 : 1,039 :
949
: 4,290 : 4,695 : 4,007 : 4,541 : 5,255 : 4,798 : 5,773
: 8,124 : 11,824 : 7,308 : 8,490 : 9,573 : 8,401 : 9,608
: 4,830
:
682
:15,025
:20,537
:
:
422
16
439
877
306
23
626
955
311
26
626
963
Value (1,000 dollars)
Cotton
Wool
Manmade fibers 2/
Total
Average unit value (per dozen)
Cotton
Wool
Manmade fibers 2/
Average
:
:
:
:
7.36 : 10.77 : 7.50 : 7.62 : 7.52 : 8.24
45.43 : 48.00 : 43.74 :.39.27 : 40.20 : 39.96
9.77 :
7.73 : 6.40 : 7.21 : 7.69 : 7.66
9.26 :
9.72 : 7.65 : 8.65 : 8.87 : 8.72
: 9.22 : 10.13
: 39.54 : 40.12
: 7.81 : 12.10
: 8.93 : 11.83
1/ Includes dress and sport shirts, not separately reported, but excludes T-shirts
and sweat shirts, except as indicated in footnote 2.
2/ Includes sweat shirts, not separately reported.
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based on official
statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
A-59
Table 27.--Boys' dressing gowns, including bathrobes and beach robes,
not knit: U.S. imports for consumption, by fibers, 1965-72
(In thousands of dozens)
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
Mamna
.Cotton.Wool 1/ : ffb e rs: Total
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
10 :
10
13
17
19
18
18
18
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
1
2
2
2 !
2 :
1 :
1
3 :
5
3
7
3
1
2
1
1
13
i1
16
21
:
25
23
26
:
22
:
:
Includes small quantities of fibers other than cotton, wool, or
manmade fibers.
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based on
official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
A-6 0
Table 28.--Boys' pajamas, not knit: U.S. imports for consumption,
by fibers, 1965-72
(In thousands of dozens)
Year
'Cotton
•
1965
1966
19 67
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
:
:Manmade:
fibers:
•
114 :
149 :
172
186
196
192
182
240
:
:
:
:
:
:
Tot
2 :
5
9
33
77
71
83
37
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Source: Partly estimated by the U.S. Tariff Commission, based on
official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
el
116
154
181
219
273
263
265
277