ABBREVIATIONS and DEFINITIONS
ABBREVIATIONS and DEFINITIONS Abbreviations and definitions are for knitting, machine knitting and crochet. compiled by Cheryl Waters ” .............................. inches ( ) .............................. repeat instructions between ( ) as many times as noted afterward [ ] .............................. repeat instructions between [ ] as many times as noted after brackets * .............................. repeat instructions following single * as directed *…* ........................... repeat all instructions between asterisks 2dtr cl ........................ 2-stitch double treble cluster AC ............................. alternate color alt.............................. alternate altog .......................... altogether approx........................ approximately At the Same Time ........ Two techniques will be performed at the same time, such as shaping the neck and shoulder. Read ahead so that you understand the pattern instructions. bar............................. strand of yarn in between two stitches. Also know as a ladder. BB ............................. back bed beg ............................ begin[ning] beg M ......................... beginning marker bet ............................. between bl .............................. bobble stitch BL or bk lp .................. back loop[s] BLO............................ back loop only BO ............................. bind off [cast off] bo .............................. bobble BP.............................. back post bpd ............................ back post double crochet BPdc or bpdc ............... back post double crochet BPHDC........................ back post half double crochet BPsc ........................... back post single crochet BPtr or BP TR............... back post treble crochet brdst .......................... braid stitch btwn .......................... between CA ............................. color A cab ............................ cable carr ............................ carriage CB ............................. color B CC ............................. color C cdd ............................ centered double decrease. Slip 2 stitches together [not one stitch at a time], knit 1, pass the slipped stitches together over knitted stitch ch- ............................. refers to chain or space previously made: e.g., ch-1 space ch-8 lp........................ chain-8 loop ch-sp.......................... chain space. Space previously made. ch[s] .......................... chain stitch[es] cit .............................. citrus stitch ckr ............................. checker stitch CL .............................. cluster cm ............................. centimeter[s] cn .............................. cable needle CO ............................. cast on COL............................ carriage on left con ............................ contrast cont ........................... continue [ing] COR ........................... carriage on right CR DC ........................ crossed double crochet CR ST ......................... cross stitch cross2L ....................... cross 2 stitches to the left (to work a cable). Slip 2 stitches purlwise onto a cable needle, let cable needle hang in front of work as you knit the next 2 stitches; then knit stitches off of cable needle. cross2R ...................... cross 2 stitches to the right (to work a cable). slip 2 stitches purlwise onto a cable needle, let cable needle hang in back of work as you knit the next 2 stiches; then knit stitches off of cable needle. dbl ............................. double dbl shell...................... double shell stitch dc .............................. double crochet dc2tog or DC DEC ........ double crochet 2 stitches together dec ............................ decrease[s][ing] DK ............................. double knitting weight yarn. This is slightly finer than worsted weight. [Note: there is a knitting method called double knitting] DNT ........................... do not turn dpn or dp .................... double pointed needle[s] dsc............................. double single crochet dtr or dtrc ................... double triple/treble crochet E or ER ....................... every row E/N or EON ................. every other needle E/R or EOR.................. every other row ea .............................. each edc ............................ extended double crochet ehdc........................... extended half double crochet EOS ........................... every other stitch esc............................. extended single crochet est ............................. establish[ed] ev .............................. every ext ............................. extention FB .............................. front bed fbb ............................. front back bobble FC.............................. front cross [when working cables — cable needle hangs in front as you work] feeder 1(a).................. main yarn feeder. Usually holds main color. feeder 1(b).................. secondary yarn feeder. Usually holds contrast color. FF .............................. full[y] fashion[ed] FF dec ........................ fully fashioned decrease. To decrease 1 stitch, use two prong transfer tool inwards by 1 needle. This may also be done using three prong tool. FF inc ......................... fully fashioned increase. To increase 1 stitch, use two prong transfer tool and move the two edge stitches outwards by 1 needle. Pick up top of stitch from row below and hang on empty needle. fig .............................. figure fin .............................. finish[ed] Fing ........................... fingering weight FL or ft lp .................... front loop[s] fl[s]............................ front loop[s] Flg ............................. flag stitch FLO ............................ front loop only FNP ............................ first needle position FNR............................ full needle rib FO ............................. finished object Foll ............................ follow[s][ing] FP .............................. front post fpd ............................. front post double crochet FPdc or fpdc ................ front post double crochet FPHDC ........................ front post half double crochet FPsc or fpsc ................. front post single crochet FPtr, fptr, FP tr, or FPtrc front post treble crochet frog[ging] ................... unraveling yarn from knitting project FSC ............................ foundation single crochet G .............................. gauge g or gr ........................ gram[s] G-bar or G.B. .............. garter bar G-carr or G.C. ............. garter carriage grp[s]......................... group[s] GS or g st ................... garter stitch H/P ............................ half pitch hdc ............................ half double crochet hdc2tog or hdc dec....... half double crochet decrease hk .............................. hook HP ............................. hold position. Needles are placed in most forward extended position and carriage is set to hold or partial knit. Needles in HP will not knit. htr ............................. half treble crochet I-cord ......................... Idiot cord. I-cord should be worked on double pointed needles. When working I-cord, work is not turned but slipped to other end of needle. Instead of turning work to work on wrong side, slide all stitches to other end of needle and continue working with that needle in your left hand. Bring working yarn behind stitches back to “beginning” of row. Knit row as if you have just turned your work to right side. Keep repeating. This will form a tube. It is usually worked over just a few stitches. IFO ............................ invisible finish off in[s] ........................... inche[es] inc ............................. increas[es][ing] incl............................. including inst ............................ instructions k tbl, ktbl, k1 tbl, or k1b knit through back of loop k-b or k1b ................... knit stitch in row below [Note: this is infrequently used for knit through back loop] Knit into stitch below next stitch on left hand needle. Do not knit stitch on needle, but slip it off of needle. K, k............................ knit k1b ............................ knit into back stitch k2tog ......................... knit 2 together. Slants to the right and is often paired with ssk which slants to the left. k2togtbl or k2togb ....... knit 2 together through back loops. Although this slants left, it is not usually paired with k2tog because it twists the stitches. k3tog ......................... knit 3 together k3togtbl or k3togb ....... knit 3 stitches together through back loop kfb or k1 f&b ............... knit into front loop and then into back loop of stitch. Sometimes this is called a Bar Increase because it creates a bar across one st. 1 stitch increased. kll .............................. knit left loop. Insert left hand needle from back to front into stitch 2 rows below stitch on right hand needle. Knit stitch just picked up. Often paired with krl. 1 stitch increased KPK ............................ knit, purl, knit into same stitch krl.............................. knit right loop. Insert right hand needle into stitch 1 row below stitch on left hand needle. Place on left hand needle. Knit stitch just picked up through front loop. Knit stitch on needle. Alternate method: Slip right hand needle into back of stitch 1 row below stitch on left hand needle. This will be knitting through purl bump on back side of work. Knit that stitch. Knit stitch on needle. Often paired with kll. 1 stitch increased kwise or k-wise ............ knitwise [as if knitting] KWK........................... knit across, wrap, knit back L DC........................... linked double crochet [not standard abbreviation] L TR ........................... linked treble L[t] ............................ left ladder......................... strand of yarn in between two stitches. Also know as a bar. Lbl ............................. long bobble stitch LC .............................. left cross [when working cables — cable needle hangs in front as you work] LDC............................ long double crochet LH.............................. left hand Lhn ............................ left hand needle LHS............................ left hand side LK .............................. love knot lp st ........................... loop stitch lp[s] ........................... loop[s] LSC ............................ long single crochet LT .............................. left twist [where two stitches cross each other, as in smallest cable stitch possible — cable needle hangs in front as you work] M .............................. marker m .............................. meter[s] m .............................. meter[s] M1 ............................. make 1 stitch. If method is not specified, use whichever M1 increase you prefer. M1A ........................... make 1 away. Make 1 backwards loop cast on onto your right hand needle so working yarn is away from you. Working yarn falls to back of work. M1L, M1 or M1F ........... make 1 left or make 1 front. Insert left needle, from front to back into ladder/bar [strand of yarn between last stitch on right hand needle and first stitch on left hand needle]. Knit this “stitch” through back loop to create a tight stitch preventing a hole. This is also called M1L because it “leans” left. 1 stitch increase. m1p or m1p-st ............ make 1 stitch purl. Insert left needle from back to front into ladder/bar [strand of yarn between last stitch on right hand needle and first stitch on left hand needle]. Purl this “stitch” through front loop. 1 stitch increase. M1R or M1B................. make 1 right or make 1 back. Insert left needle, from back to front into ladder/bar [strand of yarn between last stitch on right hand needle and first stitch on left hand needle]. Knit this “stitch” through front loop to create a tight stitch preventing a hole. This is also called M1R because it “leans” right. 1 stitch increased. M1T ........................... make 1 towards. Make 1 backwards loop cast on onto your right hand needle so working yarn falls towards you or to front of work. M2 ............................. make two. Insert left needle, from front to back into ladder/bar [strand of yarn between last stitch on right hand needle and first stitch on left hand needle]. Knit this “stitch” through back loop to create a tight stitch preventing a hole. Again, insert left needle, from front to back into ladder just used to make a stitch. Repeat to make second stitch. 2 stitch increase. MB ............................. main bed MB ............................. make bobble MC or mc .................... main color meas .......................... measure[s] mm ............................ millimeter[s] MT -1, -2, -3 ............... Main tension less 1, 2, 3 full numbers MT +1, +2, +3 ............ Main tension plus 1, 2, 3 full numbers mult ........................... multiple MY ............................. Main yarn or main color n[s] or ndl[s]............... needle[s] no. ............................ number NWP ........................... non-working position, position A. Needles in this position do not knit, no matter how carriage is set. opp ............................ opposite OWP........................... out of work oz .............................. ounce[s] p .............................. picot p tbl or p1 tbl or p1b .... purl through back loop P up ........................... pick up and purl p-b............................. purl stitch in row below [Note: this is infrequently used for purl through back loop] Purl into stitch below next stitch on left hand needle. Do not purl stitch on needle, but slip it off of needle. P, p ............................ purl p1b ............................ purl 1 into back stitch p2sso ......................... pass 2 slipped stitches over p2tog ......................... purl 2 together p2tog tbl or p2togb ...... purl 2 together through back loops. Slip needle through second stitch on left hand needle first. p3sso ......................... pass 3 slipped stitches over pat or patt[s]............... pattern pbf ............................. purl into back loop of stitch and then into front loop. 1 stitch increased. pbf ............................. purl into back loop of stitch and then into front loop. 1 stitch increased. pc .............................. popcorn pfb or p1 f&b ............... purl into front loop of stitch and then into back loop. This is a Bar Increase done on the wrong side of work. 1 stitch increased. pm ............................. place marker pnso........................... pass next stitch over pop ............................ popcorn pos ............................ position. Usually refers to relative position on needle bed. pr .............................. previous row prev ........................... previous PS or Puff St................ puff stitch psp ............................ p1 and slip to left-hand needle; pass next stitch over it; return to right-hand needle psso ........................... pass slipped stitch over ptbl ............................ purl through back loop PU.............................. pick up stitches or pick up and knit Pwise or p-wise............ purlwise [as if purling] QTR ........................... quadruple treble crochet R or r[s] ..................... row[s] R.C. ........................... ravel cord R[t]............................ right RB ............................. ribber bed or rear bed RC ............................. right cross [when working cables — cable needle hangs in back as you work] RC ............................. row count[er] Rd or rnd[s] ................ round[s] rem............................ remain[s][ing] rep or rept .................. repeat[ing] REV HDC..................... reverse half double REV SC ....................... reverse single crochet [crab stitch] rev sc, rsc, or reverse sc ...reverse single crochet Rev st st ..................... reverse stockinette stitch rf .............................. right front RH ............................. right hand RHS ........................... right hand side rib.............................. ribbing: vertical columns of knit and purl stitches. Most common are k1, p1 or k2, p2 rnd[s]......................... round[s] RS ............................. right side RT.............................. rib tension RT.............................. right twist [where two stitches cross each other, as in smallest cable stitch possible — cable needle hangs in back as you work] S2KP or S2KP2 ............ slip 2 stitches together, knit 1, pass two slipped stitches over sc .............................. single crochet sc dec......................... single crochet decrease SC over ring ................ single crochet over ring SC PS or SC Puff St ...... single crochet puff stitch sc2tog ........................ single crochet 2 stitches together sc3tog ........................ single crochet 3 stitches together sk .............................. skip sk2p........................... slip 1, knit 2 together, pass slipped stitch over. Slip 1 stitch purlwise, knit 2 together, pass slipped stitch over 2 stitches just knit together. Double decrease that leans to the left. 2 stitches decreased skp or skpo ................. slip, knit, pass. Slip 1 stitch pwise, knit 1 stitch, pass slipped stitch over stitch just knitted. Same as sl1, k1, psso. This is similar to ssk and leans left. 1 stitch decreased sl knot or slip knot ....... an adjustable knot or loop used to begin many cast-on methods. Twist yarn to make a loop. Take tail of yarn on top and slip it under and through the loop. This creates an adjustable loop. sl or s ......................... slip sl st............................ slip stitch[es] sl1, k1, psso................ slip 1, knit 1, pass slipped stitch over. Slip 1 stitch pwise, knit 1 stitch, pass slipped stitch over stitch just knitted. Same as skp. 1 stitch decreased sl1k or sl 1 kwise ......... slip stitch knitwise as if knitting sl1p or sl 1 pwise ......... slip stitch purlwise as if purling sm ............................. slip marker sp[s] .......................... space[s] spn ............................ single pointed needles or straight needles spn ............................ spoon stitch sq[s] .......................... square[s] SS ............................. slip stitch SS ............................. stitch size. Number on tension or stitch dial. ssk............................. slip, slip, knit. Slip 1 stitch knitwise, slip next stitch knitwise, slip back to left hand needle keeping in same position, knit these 2 slipped stitches together through back loops. Slants to the left and is often paired with k2tog which slants to the right. ssk [improved] ............ slip, slip, knit. Slip 1 stitch knitwise, slip 1 stitch purlwise, slip back to left hand needle keeping in same position, knit these 2 slipped stitches together through back loops. Slants to the left and is often paired with k2tog which slants to the right. ssp............................. slip, slip, purl. Slip 1 knitwise, slip another knitwise, slip back to left hand needle keeping in same position, purl these 2 slipped stitches together through back loops. Remember to go through second stitch first. Creates left slanting decrease. sssk ........................... slip 1 stitch knitwise, slip another stitch knitwise, slip 1 more stitch knitwise, slip 3 stitches back to left hand needle keeping in same position, knit these 3 stitches together through back loops. Perhaps this can be improved like ssk by slipping second two stitches purlwise. st st ........................... stockinette stitch [the English call this stocking stitch] st[s] ........................... stitch[es] T, tens or TD ............... [occasionally SD for Stitich Dial] tension. Number on tension or stitch dial. tbl.............................. through back loop tch or t-ch................... turning chain tdc ............................. Tunisian double crochet tfl .............................. through front loop tog ............................. together tp tr ........................... triple treble tr dec ......................... treble decrease tr or tc or trc ............... treble crochet Also known as triple crochet tr-spl .......................... treble-split tr-y ............................ treble-y tr2tog or tr dec ............ treble next two stitches together trtr or tr tr .................. treble or triple crochet tss ............................. Tunisian simple stitch UWP ........................... upper working position v-st ............................ v-stitch w&t ............................ wrap & turn WE ............................. work even Won ........................... wool over needle WP ............................. working position Wrn............................ wool round needle WS............................. wrong side Wstd .......................... worsted weight WY ............................. waste yarn wyib ........................... with yarn in back wyif............................ with yarn in front x .............................. times X-st............................ cross stitch ybk or yb .................... yarn backward. If yb is followed by a purl stitch, it is the same as a yarn over. If it is followed by a slipped stitch, it is not a yarn over but just bringing yarn to back of work. yd[s] .......................... yard[s] yfon ........................... yarn forward over needle. Same as yarn over. yfrn............................ yarn forward and round needle. Same as yarn over. Usually though of as yarn over between knit and purl stitces. yfwd or yf ................... yarn forward. If yf is followed by a knit stitch, it is the same as a yarn over. If it is followed by a slipped stitch, it is not a yarn over but just bringing yarn to front of work. YM ............................. yarn marker yn .............................. yarn yo .............................. yarn over. This is wrapping yarn as you normally do when knitting [counter clockwise] but you do not slip your needle through a stitch. You are creating a new stitch that will be open. This is a basic lace technique. yo2 or yo twice ............ yarn over twice. Yarn is wrapped around needle twice. yoh ............................ yarn over hook yon ............................ yarn over needle. Same as yarn over. Yrh............................. yarn round hook yrn............................. yarn around needle. Same as yarn over. Yst ............................. “Y” stitch
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