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NerdiNe’s
Knitting
Factory
Reference
Cards
Knitting Needle Sizes Millimeter Range U.S. Size Range
2.25 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
2.75 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
3.25 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
3.5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
3.75 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
4 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
4.5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
5.5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
6 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
6.5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….10 1⁄ 2
8 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
9 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
10 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
12.75 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
15 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
19 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
25 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
*Letter or number may vary. Rely on the millimeter (mm) sizing.
Knitting Abbreviations List
The following is a list of knitting abbreviations used by yarn industry
designers and publishers. The most commonly used abbreviations
are highlighted. In addition, designers and publishers may use
special abbreviations in a pattern, which you might not find on this
list.
Generally, a definition of special abbreviations is given at the beginning of a book or pattern.
Abbreviation
Description
[]
work instructions within brackets as many times as directed
()
work instructions within parentheses in the place directed
**
repeat instructions following the asterisks as directed
*
repeat instructions following the single asterisk as directed
”
inch(es)
alt
alternate
approx
approximately
beg
begin/beginning
bet
between
BO
bind off
CA
color A
CB
color B
CC
contrasting color
cm
centimeter(s)
Cn
Cable needle
CO
Cast on
cont
continue
dec
decrease/decreases/decreasing
dpn
double pointed needle(s)
fl
Front loop(s)
foll
Follow/ follows/ following
g
gram
inc
Increase/ increases/ increasing
K or k
knit
k2tog
Knit 2 stitches together
kfb
Knit front back (creates a bar increase)
kwise
knitwise
LH
Left hand
lp(s)
Loop(s)
m
Meter
M1
Make one, an increase. Several increases can be described as “M1”
M1 p-st
Make one purl stitch
MC
Main color
mm
Millimeter(s)
oz
Ounce(s)
P or p
purl
pat(s) or
patt
Patterns
pm
Place marker
pop
Popcorn
p2tog
Purl 2 stitches together
prev
Previous
psso
Pass slipped stitch over
pwise
Purlwise
rem
Remain/ remaining
rep
Repeast(s)
rev St st
Reverse stockinette stich
RH
Right hand
rnd(s)
Round(s)
RS
Right side
sk
Skip
skp
Slip, knit, pass stitch over . One stitch decrease
sk2p
Slip 1, knit 2 together, pass slip stitch over the knit 2 together. 2 stitch
decrease
sl
Slip
sl1k
Slip 1 knitwise
sl1p
Slip 1 purlwise
sl st
Slip stitch(es)
ss
Slip stitch (Canadian)
ssk
Slip, slip, knit these 2 stitches together– One stitch decrease
sssk
Slip, slip, slip, knit 3 together– two stitch decrease
st(s)
Stich(es)
St st
Stockinette stitch/ stocking stitch
tbl
Through back loop
tog
Together
WS
Wrong side
wyib
With yarn in back
wyif
With yarn in front
yd(s)
Yard(s)
yfwd
Yarn forward
yo
Yarn over
yrn
Yarn around needle
Yarn Estimates
Socks
Gauge
Sock - Fingering
6 - 8 sts per inch
wt.
Sport wt.
5 - 6 sts per inch
Worsted wt.
4 - 4½ sts per inch
Bulky wt.
3 - 3½ sts per inch
Hat
Sport wt.
Worsted wt.
Bulky wt.
Mitten
Child S - M - L
Adult S - M - L
Foot length 5, 6½, 8 Foot length 9½, 10½, 11½
150 - 225 - 275
yds.
125 - 175 - 225
125 - 150 - 200
100 - 125 - 150
325 - 425 - 525
250 - 325 - 400
250 - 300 - 350
175 - 225 - 275
Child - Adult
18" - 20" - 22"
175 - 225 - 275
5 - 6 sts per inch
yds.
4 - 4½ sts per inch 175 - 225 - 250
3 - 3½ sts per inch 125 - 150 - 175
Gauge
Gauge
Fingering Wt.
Child 5", 5½"
Adult 6", 7", 8"
Yards
Yards
Sport wt.
5 - 6 sts per inch
75 - 100
125 - 150 - 175
Worsted wt.
Bulky wt.
4 - 4½ sts per inch
3 - 3½ sts per inch
75 - 100
50 - 75
125 - 150 - 175
100 - 125 - 150
Yarn Estimates Cont….
Afghan-Throw
Gauge
Baby
60" x 60"
Sock - Fingering
wt.
6 ½ - 7 sts per
inch
1351 yds.
3500 yds.
Sport wt.
5 - 6 sts per inch
1200 yds.
3,150 yds.
DK Double Knit
5 sts per inch
1100 yds.
2800 yds.
Worsted wt.
4 - 4½ sts per inch
1000 yds.
2,660 yds.
Bulky wt.
3 - 3½ sts per inch
850 yds.
1,875 yds.
Scarf
Gauge
Child 6" x 40"
Adult 8" x 54"
Sock - Fingering
wt.
6 ½ - 7 sts per
inch
440 yds.
660 yds.
Sport wt.
5 - 6 sts per inch
350 yds
700 yds
DK Double Knit
5 sts per inch
250 yds
450 yds
Worsted wt.
4 - 4½ sts per inch
190 yds
380 yds
Bulky wt.
3 - 3½ sts per inch
125 yds
250 yds
Yarn Estimates Cont….
Child
24" - 28 "- 32"
Vest
Sock - Fingering
wt.
6 ½ - 7 sts per
inch
Sport wt.
5 - 6 sts per inch
DK Double Knit
5 sts per inch
Worsted wt.
Bulky wt.
Adult
36"- 40"- 44" - 48"- 52"
950 1125 1300 1450 1650
400 550 750 yds.
yds.
700 850 950 1100 1250
300 400 600 yds.
yds.
275 375 550 yds. 650 800 900 1000 1100 yds
4 - 4½ sts per inch 250 350 500 yds. 600 750 850 950 1050 yds.
3 - 3½ sts per inch 175 250 400 yds.
Child
24" - 28 "- 32"
Sweater
450 550 650 700 800 yds.
Adult
36 "- 40" - 44" - 48" - 52"
Sock - Fingering
wt.
6 ½ - 7 sts per
inch
Sport wt.
5 - 6 sts per inch
550 800 1100
1400 1600 1900 2100 2300
Worsted wt.
4 - 4½ sts per inch
500 650 1000
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Bulky wt.
3 - 3½ sts per inch
350 500 700
900 1000 1200 1300 1500
750 100 1450 yds. 1800 2100 2500 2700 3000
Body Measurements
1. Chest/Bust
Measure around the fullest part of the chest/bust. Do not draw
the tape too tightly.
2. Upper Arm
Measure around the widest section of the upper arm located
above the elbow.
3
2
1
4
5
3. Armhole Depth
Measure from the top outside edge of the shoulder down to the
armpit.
4. Waist
Measure your waist at the smaller circumference of your natural
waist, usually just above the belly button.
5. Hip
Measure at the widest part of your lower hip.
6. Sleeve Length
With arm slightly bent, measure
from armpit to cuff.
7. Center Back Neck–to-Cuff
With arm slightly bent, measure
from back base of neck across shoulder around bend of elbow to wrist.
9
8. Back Waist Length
Measure from the most prominent
bone at base of neck to the natural
waistline.
9. Cross Back
Measure from shoulder to shoulder.
7
8
6
Baby Standard
Standard Sizes
Baby
Sizes
Baby’s size
3 mo
6 mo
1. Chest
16
17
18
19
20
2. Upper Arm
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
3. Armhole Depth
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4. Waist
18
19
20
20.5
21
5. Hips
19
20
20
21
22
6. Sleeve Length to Underarm
6
6.5
7.5
8
8.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
14
18
6
7
7.5
8
8.5
7.25
7 3/8
8 .25
8.5
8.75
7. Center Back Neck to Cuff
8. Back Waist Length
9. Cross Back (shoulder to shoulder)
12 mo 18 mo
24 mo
Children’s Standard
Children’s
StandardSizes
Sizes
Child’s size
2
4
6
8
10
1. Chest
21
23
25
26.5
28
2. Upper arm
7
7.5
8
8.5
8.75
4.25
4.75
5
5.5
6
4. Waist
21
21.5
22.5
23.5
24.5
5. Hips
22
23.5
25
28
29.5
6. Sleeve Length to Underarm
8.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
7. Center Back
18
19.5
20.5
22
24
8. Back Waist Length
8.5
9.5
10.5
12.5
14
9. Cross Back (shoulder to shoulder)
9.25
9.75
10.25
10.75
11.25
3. Armhole depth
Youth Standard Sizes
Youth size
12
14
16
1. Chest
30
31.5
32.5
2. Upper Arm
9
9.25
9.5
3. Armhole depth
9.5
1
7.5
4. Waist
25
26.5
27.5
5. Hips
21.5
33
35.5
6. Sleeve Length to Underarm
15
16
16.5
7. Center Back Neck to Cuff
26
27
28
8. Back Waist Length
15
15.5
16
9. Cross Back (shoulder to shoulder)
12
12.25
13
Women’s Standard Sizes
Women’s size
X-small
Small
Medium
Large
1. Bust
28-30
32-34
36-38
40-42
2. Upper Arm
9 .75
10.75
11
12
3. Armhole depth
6-6.5
6.5-7
7-7.5
7.5-8
4. Waist
23-24
25-26.5
28-30
32-34
5. Hips
33-34
35-36
38-40
42-44
16.5
17
17
17.5
27-27.5
28-28.5
29-29.5
30-30.5
16.5
17
17.25
17.5
14– 14.5
14.5-15
16– 16.5
17-17.5
6. Sleeve Length to Underarm
7. Center Back Neck to Cuff
8. Back Waist Length
9. Cross Back (shoulder to
shoulder)
Women’s Standard Sizes Cont...
Women’s size (cont.)
1X
2X
3X
4X
44-46
48-50
52-54
56-58
2. Upper Arm
13.5
15.5
17
18.5
3. Armhole depth
8-8.5
8.5-9
9-9.5
9.5-10
4. Waist
36-38
40-42
44-45
46-47
5. Hips
46-48
52-53
54-55
56-57
17.5
18
18
18.5
31-31.5
31.5-32
32.5-33
32.5-33
8. Back Waist Length
17.25
18
18
18.25
9. Cross Back (shoulder to
shoulder)
17.5
18
18
18.5
1. Bust
6. Sleeve Length to Underarm
7. Center Back Neck to Cuff
Men’s Standard Sizes
Men’s size
Small
Medium
Large
X-Large
XX-Large
1. Chest
34-36
38-40
42-44
46-48
50-52
2. Center Back Neck to Cuff
32-32.5
33-33.5
34-34.5
35-35.5
36-36.5
3. Back Hip Length
25-25.5
26.5-26.75
27-27.25
27.5-27.75
28-28.5
4. Cross Back (shoulder to shoulder)
15.2-16
16.5-17
17.5-18
18-18.5
18.5-19
5. Sleeve Length to Underarm
18
18.5
19.5
20
20.5
6. Upper arm
12
13
15
16
17
7. Armhole depth
8.5-9
9-9.5
9.5-10
10-10.5
10.5-11
8. Waist
28-30
32-34
36-38
42-44
46-48
9. Hips
35-37
39-41
43-45
47-49
51-53
Fit Chart
Very-close fitting:
Actual chest/bust measurement or less
Close-fitting:
1–2"/2.5–5cm
Standard-fitting:
2–4"/5–10cm
Loose-fitting:
4–6"/10–15cm
Oversized: 6"/15cm or more
The Length Chart provides average lengths for children’s, women’s and men’s garments.
Length Chart
Waist Length
Hip Length
Tunic Length
Child
Actual body measurement
2"/5cm down from
waist
6"/15cm down
from waist
Woman
Actual body measurement
6"/15cm down from
waist
11"/28cm down
from waist
Men
Men’s length usually varies only 1–2"/2.5–5cm from the actual “back
hip length” measurement
Hem to Armpit Standard Lengths
Child Sizes
Inches
Adult Sizes
Inches
0-6 months
6
XS
15
6-12 months
6.5
S
16
1-2
7
M
17
2-4
8
L
18
4-6
10
XL
18.5
6-8
13
2XL
19
8-10
15
3XL
20
4XL
20
Children’s Standard Top Lengths
Child Size
Waist Length
(Inches)
Hip Length
(Inches)
Tunic Length
(Inches)
3 mo
6
8
12
6 mo
7
9
13
12 mo
7.5
9.5
13.5
18 mo
8
10
14
24 mo
8.5
10.5
14.5
2T
8.5
10.5
14.5
4T
9.5
11.5
15.5
6
10.5
12.5
16.5
8
12.5
14.5
18.5
10
14
16
20.5
12
15
17
21
14
15.5
17.5
21.5
16
16
18
22
Women’s Standard Top Lengths
Women’s Size
Waist Length
(Inches)
Hip Length
(Inches)
Tunic Length
(Inches)
X-Small
16.5
22.5
36.5
Small
17
23
37
Medium
17.5
23.25
37.25
Large
17.5
23.5
37.5
1X
17.25
23.25
37.25
2X
18
24
38
3X
18
24
38
4X
18.25
24.25
38.25
Men’s Standard Top Lengths
Men’s Size
X-Small
Small
Medium
Large
1X
2X
3X
4X
Waist (Inches)
Hip (Inches)
Tunic (Inches)
10. Head
For an accurate head measure, place a tape measure
across the forehead and measure around the full circumference of the head. Keep the tape snug for accurate results.
11. Sock Measurements
The following measurements are for crew-style or dress
socks, which usually come several inches above the ankle
and below the calf.
11.1. Foot Circumference: To determine the foot circumference, measure around the widest part of your foot.
10
11.2. Sock Height:
To determine the height of the sock, measure from where
you start to turn for the heel shaping to the top of the sock.
11.2
11.1
11.3. Total Foot Length: To measure the total length of your
foot, place a ruler or tape measure on the floor. Position the
back of your heel at the beginning of the tape and the measure to your longest toe.
11.3
Head Circumference Chart
Weight/ Age
Preemies
Hat
Circumference
Height of Hat
1 -2 lbs
9" - 10"
7.5" -8”
3.5 - 4"
2 - 3 lbs
10" - 11
1/4"
8.5" - 10"
4"
4 - 5 lbs
11 1/2" 12 1/2"
9" - 11.5"
4 to 4.5"
5 1/2 - 6
lbs
12 1/2" 13"
11" - 12"
5 to 5.5"
14 "
11.5" - 13"
5 to 6"
Newborn
Baby
Circumference
3 to 6
months
14" - 16 "
6.5 - 7"
Head Circumference Chart Cont...
Weight/ Age
Baby
Circumference
Hat
Circumference
Height of Hat
16" - 19 "
7.5"
Toddler preschooler
6 to 12
months
12 months 3 years
16”
8"
Child
3 - 10 years
18”
8.5"
Pre-teens and
Teens
20”
9-10"
Adult Woman
20”
11"
Adult Man
22”
11"-11.5"
Sock Sizes Chart
Women’s
Shoe Sizes
Foot Length
(in)
Children’s
Shoe Sizes
Foot Length
(in)
Men’s Shoe
Sizes
Foot Length
(in)
3
8.11
5
5
4
8.9
4
8.44
6
5.35
5
9.22
5
8.77
7
5.68
6
9.56
6
9
8
6
7
9.89
7
9.43
9
6.34
8
10.22
8
9.76
10
6.67
9
10.55
9
10
11
7
10
10.88
10
10.33
12
7.33
11
11.21
11
10.66
13
7.66
12
11.54
12
11
1
8.
13
11.87
13
11.33
2
8.33
14
12.20
14
11.66
3
8.66
15
12.53
Shoe Size Chart
Child’s size U.S. Sizes
0-4
4-8
7-11
10-2
2-6
Sock Size
4-5
5-6.5
6-7.5
7-8.5
8-9.5
6-12 mo
1-3 yr
3-5 yr
5-9 yr
7-13 yr
11.1. Foot Circum
4.5
5.5
6
6.5
7
11.2. Sock Height
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
4
5
6
7.5
8
Women’s size U.S. Sizes
3-5
6-9
8-12
Sock Size
7-9
9-11
10-12
11.1. Foot Circum
7
8
9
11.2. Sock Height
6.5
7
7.5
9
10
11
Ages
11.3. Total Foot Length
11.3. Total Foot Length
Shoe Size Chart
Men’s size U.S. Sizes
6-8
8.5-10
10.5-12
12.5-14
Sock Size
10
11
12
14
11.1. Foot Circumference
7
8
9
10
11.2. Sock Height
7
7.5
8
6.5
9.5
10.5
11
11.5
11.3. Total Foot Length
11.2
11.1
11.3
Kitchener Stitch

Setup: (leave) Purl front, Knit Back

Front: Knit off, Purl leave

Back: Purl off, Knit leave

Repeat last two rows
Buttonholes
Which side?
Men
Left
Women
Right
Basic buttonhole formula









Take the total number of stitches used
Minus total number of stitches needed for all the buttonholes
The result is the number of stitches to work with
Subtract from the stitches to work with the total number of stitches to be left on the
each end
This will equal the total value
Subtract 1 from the total number of buttons used
Equals total number of spaces needed between buttons
Divide the total value by total number of spaces between buttons
Equals the number of stitches needed between buttons
Choosing a Decrease
If you want….
Then use….
A general purpose decrease
k2tog
A single decrease that slants to the right
K2tog or p2tog
A single decrease that slants to the left without twisting
stitches
Skp (same as sl1, k1,
psso), ssk, ssp
A single decrease that slants to the left without requiring
any slipped stitches
K2tog, p2togtb
A double decrease that slants to the right
K3tog, p3tog
A double decrease that slants to the left
Sk2p
A centered double decrease
s2kp
Choosing an Increase
If you want….
Then use….
A short, decorative, horizontal bar
k1f&b
An increase with 2 purl bumps
p1f&b
A small decorative hole
yo
An increase with a twist to the right
m1r
An increase with a twist to the left
m1l
An increase that slants to the right of a stitch
rli
An increase that slants to the left of a stich
lli
A nearly invisible increase
krb
Choosing a Seam
If you want….
Then use….
To join two selvages in a strong, nearly invisible seam
with minimum bulk
Mattress stitch
To join two selvages (side edges in a flat, reversible
seam without bulk
Edge to edge seam
To join the end of a piece to an edge
Vertical to horizontal seam
To join two pieces in a strong, inelastic seam where
bulk doesn’t seam
Back stitch
To join two sets of live stitches in a strong, inelastic
seam
Three needle bind off
To join two sets of live stitches invisibly and flexibly
Kitchener stitch
Choosing a Cast On
If you want….
Then use….
Versatile, elastic
Long tail cast on
To add stitches to existing kitting
Backwards loop, knitted
or cable cast ons
Flexible, loose
Backwards loop cast on
Versatile, easy for beginners
Knitted cast on
Firm, with a chained edge
Cable cast on
A temporary edge to allow you to add rows,
edging or fringe
Provisional cast on
Bulky Hat Formula
Front
23
Ear
17
Front
17
Ear
17
Back
15
Adult
72 sts
10.5 needles
Ear
15
Ear
15
Back
13
Child
60 sts
10.5 needles
Bulky Hat Formula
Front
17
Front
15
Ear
13
Ear
13
Back
13
Ear
11
Ear
11
Back
12
Baby
Newborn
56 sts
10.5 needles
49 sts
10.5 needles