Journal of the Royal Society Interface volume 9 2012 Published by THE ROYAL SOCIETY 6 –9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG q 2012 The Royal Society ISSN 1742-5689 The twelve numbers in this volume can be obtained separately from the Royal Society, 6 – 9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG. Copyright q 2012 The Royal Society Except as otherwise permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission of the publisher, or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of a licence issued by the copyright Licensing Agency. In particular, the Society permits the making of a single photocopy of an article from the issue (under Sections 29 and 38 of this Act) for an individual for the purposes of research or private study. The text paper used in this publication is alkaline sized with a coating which is predominantly calcium carbonate. The resultant surface pH is in excess of 7.5, which gives the maximum practical permanence. Printed in Plymouth, UK, by Latimer Trend Typeset in India by Techset Composition Limited J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) Contents Volume 9 no. 66, 7 January 2012 Review articles Biomaterial strategies for alleviation of myocardial infarction By J. R. Venugopal, M. P. Prabhakaran, S. Mukherjee, R. Ravichandran, K. Dan and S. Ramakrishna Flexibility and binding afﬁnity in protein – ligand, protein – protein and multi-component protein interactions: limitations of current computational approaches By P. Tuffery and P. Derreumaux 1 20 Research articles Evolutionary optimization of material properties of a tropical seed By P. W. Lucas, J. T. Gaskins, T. K. Lowrey, M. E. Harrison, H. C. Morrogh-Bernard, S. M. Cheyne and M. R. Begley System among the corticosteroids: speciﬁcity and molecular dynamics By J. C. Brookes, M. D. Galigniana, A. H. Harker, A. M. Stoneham and G. P. Vinson Malagasy dialects and the peopling of Madagascar By M. Serva, F. Petroni, D. Volchenkov and S. Wichmann Epidemiological game-theory dynamics of chickenpox vaccination in the USA and Israel By J. Liu, B. F. Kochin, Y. I. Tekle and A. P. Galvani Three-dimensional reconstruction of the fast-start swimming kinematics of densely schooling ﬁsh By S. Butail and D. A. Paley Agricultural intensiﬁcation, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis By J. R. C. Pulliam, J. H. Epstein, J. Dushoff, S. A. Rahman, M. Bunning, A. A. Jamaluddin, A. D. Hyatt, H. E. Field, A. P. Dobson, P. Daszak & The Henipavirus Ecology Research Group (HERG) A decentralized control scheme for orchestrating versatile arm movements in ophiuroid omnidirectional locomotion By W. Watanabe, T. Kano, S. Suzuki and A. Ishiguro The mechanics and energetics of human walking and running: a joint level perspective By D. J. Farris and G. S. Sawicki Alzheimer’s disease: rapid and slow progression By C. J. Thalhauser and N. L. Komarova Plant surfaces with cuticular folds are slippery for beetles By B. Prüm, R. Seidel, H. F. Bohn and T. Speck Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis through sexual partnerships: a comparison between three individual-based models and empirical data By C. L. Althaus, K. M. E. Turner, B. V. Schmid, J. C. M. Heijne, M. Kretzschmar and N. Low Non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma induces angiogenesis through reactive oxygen species By K. P. Arjunan, G. Friedman, A. Fridman and A. M. Clyne Searching for the most cost-effective strategy for controlling epidemics spreading on regular and small-world networks By A. Kleczkowski, K. Oleś, E. Gudowska-Nowak and C. A. Gilligan Decoding GnRH neurohormone pulse frequency by convergent signalling modules By K. Tsaneva-Atanasova, P. Mina, C. J. Caunt, S. P. Armstrong and C. A. McArdle In situ chemichromic studies of interactions between a lutetium bis-octaalkyl-substituted phthalocyanine and selected biological cofactors By C. Pal, A. N. Cammidge, M. J. Cook, J. L. Sosa-Sanchez, A. K. Sharma and A. K. Ray Intraspeciﬁc scaling laws of vascular trees By Y. Huo and G. S. Kassab 34 43 54 68 77 89 102 110 119 127 136 147 158 170 183 190 no. 67, 7 February 2012 Editorial Editorial By L. Dutton J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 201 iii iv Contents Review articles A biomaterials approach to peripheral nerve regeneration: bridging the peripheral nerve gap and enhancing functional recovery By W. Daly, L. Yao, D. Zeugolis, A. Windebank and A. Pandit Research articles Mechanics of peristaltic locomotion and role of anchoring By Y. Tanaka, K. Ito, T. Nakagaki and R. Kobayashi Modelling human balance using switched systems with linear feedback control By P. Kowalczyk, P. Glendinning, M. Brown, G. Medrano-Cerda, H. Dallali and J. Shapiro How selection forces dictate the variant surface antigens used by malaria parasites By M. Severins, D. Klinkenberg and H. Heesterbeek Enhanced mesenchymal stromal cell recruitment via natural killer cells by incorporation of inﬂammatory signals in biomaterials By C. R. Almeida, D. P. Vasconcelos, R. M. Gonçalves and M. A. Barbosa Internal versus external determinants of Schistosoma japonicum transmission in irrigated agricultural villages By R. C. Spear Sliding-induced non-uniform pre-tension governs robust and reversible adhesion: a revisit of adhesion mechanisms of geckos By Q. H. Cheng, B. Chen, H. J. Gao and Y. W. Zhang Vortex wake, downwash distribution, aerodynamic performance and wingbeat kinematics in slow-ﬂying pied ﬂycatchers By F. T. Muijres, M. S. Bowlin, L. C. Johansson and A. Hedenström Essential epidemiological mechanisms underpinning the transmission dynamics of seasonal inﬂuenza By J. Truscott, C. Fraser, S. Cauchemez, A. Meeyai, W. Hinsley, C. A. Donnelly, A. Ghani and N. Ferguson Surface wettability of plasma SiOx:H nanocoating-induced endothelial cells’ migration and the associated FAK-Rho GTPases signalling pathways By Y. Shen, G. Wang, X. Huang, Q. Zhang, J. Wu, C. Tang, Q. Yu and X. Liu Complex dynamics of semantic memory access in reading By G. Baggio and A. Fonseca Modelling the effects of past and future climate on the risk of bluetongue emergence in Europe By H. Guis, C. Caminade, C. Calvete, A. P. Morse, A. Tran and M. Baylis What makes an accurate and reliable subject-speciﬁc ﬁnite element model? A case study of an elephant femur By O. Panagiotopoulou, S. D. Wilshin, E. J. Rayﬁeld, S. J. Shefelbine and J. R. Hutchinson Thermally reversible colloidal gels for three-dimensional chondrocyte culture By J. W. Lapworth, P. V. Hatton, R. L. Goodchild and S. Rimmer Modelling cholera epidemics: the role of waterways, human mobility and sanitation By L. Mari, E. Bertuzzo, L. Righetto, R. Casagrandi, M. Gatto, I. Rodriguez-Iturbe and A. Rinaldo Reports Bioinspired bubble design for particle generation By O. Gunduz, Z. Ahmad, E. Stride, C. Tamerler and M. Edirisinghe Bone –titanium oxide interface in humans revealed by transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography By A. Palmquist, K. Grandﬁeld, B. Norlindh, T. Mattsson, R. Brånemark and P. Thomsen 202 222 234 246 261 272 283 292 304 313 328 339 351 362 376 389 396 no. 68, 7 March 2012 Review articles Metallic ions as therapeutic agents in tissue engineering scaffolds: an overview of their biological applications and strategies for new developments By V. Mouriño, J. P. Cattalini and A. R. Boccaccini Research articles Challenges of ecological monitoring: estimating population abundance from sparse trap counts By N. Petrovskaya, S. Petrovskii and A. K. Murchie Modelling the dynamics of viral suppressors of RNA silencing By M. A. C. Groenenboom and P. Hogeweg J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 401 420 436 Contents The indentation of pressurized elastic shells: from polymeric capsules to yeast cells By D. Vella, A. Ajdari, A. Vaziri and A. Boudaoud Methods to infer transmission risk factors in complex outbreak data By S. Cauchemez and N. M. Ferguson Abstractions for DNA circuit design By M. R. Lakin, S. Youssef, L. Cardelli and A. Phillips Cryoprotection–lyophilization and physical stabilization of rifampicin-loaded ﬂower-like polymeric micelles By M. A. Moretton, D. A. Chiappetta and A. Sosnik Estimation of gestational age from fundal height: a solution for resource-poor settings By L. J. White, S. J. Lee, K. Stepniewska, J. A. Simpson, S. L. M. Dwell, R. Arunjerdja, P. Singhasivanon, N. J. White, F. Nosten and R. McGready Resistance and relatedness on an evolutionary graph By W. Maciejewski Insights into mucosal innate responses to Escherichia coli O157 : H7 colonization of cattle by mathematical modelling of excretion dynamics By M. J. Tildesley, D. L. Gally, T. N. McNeilly, J. C. Low, A. Mahajan and N. J. Savill Truncated Lévy walks are expected beyond the scale of data collection when correlated random walks embody observed movement patterns By A. M. Reynolds Neuronal growth cones respond to laser-induced axonal damage By T. Wu, S. Mohanty, V. Gomez-Godinez, L. Z. Shi, L.-H. Liaw, J. Miotke, R. L. Meyer and M. W. Berns The effect of neutral helper lipids on the structure of cationic lipid monolayers By A. P. Dabkowska, D. J. Barlow, A. V. Hughes, R. A. Campbell, P. J. Quinn and M. J. Lawrence Incorporating individual health-protective decisions into disease transmission models: a mathematical framework By D. P. Durham and E. A. Casman Emergence of coherent structures and large-scale ﬂows in motile suspensions By D. Saintillan and M. J. Shelley Morphogenesis of an extended phenotype: four-dimensional ant nest architecture By N. J. Minter, N. R. Franks and K. A. Robson Brown v 448 456 470 487 503 511 518 528 535 548 562 571 586 Reports Remote automated multi-generational growth and observation of an animal in low Earth orbit By E. A. Oczypok, T. Etheridge, J. Freeman, L. Stodieck, R. Johnsen, D. Baillie and N. J. Szewczyk 596 Corrections A highly distributed Bragg stack with unique geometry provides effective camouﬂage for Loliginid squid eyes By A. L. Holt, A. M. Sweeney, S. Johnsen and D. E. Morse 600 no. 69, 7 April 2012 Review articles Modelling the lymphatic system: challenges and opportunities By K. N. Margaris and R. A. Black Research articles An equilibrium for phenotypic variance in ﬂuctuating environments owing to epigenetics By O. Carja and M. W. Feldman Computability, Gödel’s incompleteness theorem, and an inherent limit on the predictability of evolution By T. Day Tilted cellulose arrangement as a novel mechanism for hygroscopic coiling in the stork’s bill awn By Y. Abraham, C. Tamburu, E. Klein, J. W. C. Dunlop, P. Fratzl, U. Raviv and R. Elbaum The global spread of drug-resistant inﬂuenza By D. L. Chao, J. D. Bloom, B. F. Kochin, R. Antia and I. M. Longini Jr Direct evidence of phospholipids in gecko footprints and spatula – substrate contact interface detected using surface-sensitive spectroscopy By P. Y. Hsu, L. Ge, X. Li, A. Y. Stark, C. Wesdemiotis, P. H. Niewiarowski and A. Dhinojwala J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 601 613 624 640 648 657 vi Contents Biologically inspired crack delocalization in a high strain-rate environment By C. Knipprath, I. P. Bond and R. S. Trask Statistical wall shear stress maps of ruptured and unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms By L. Goubergrits, J. Schaller, U. Kertzscher, N. van den Bruck, K. Poethkow, Ch. Petz, H.-Ch. Hege and A. Spuler A composite computational model of liver glucose homeostasis. I. Building the composite model By J. Hetherington, T. Sumner, R. M. Seymour, L. Li, M. Varela Rey, S. Yamaji, P. Saffrey, O. Margoninski, I. D. L. Bogle, A. Finkelstein and A. Warner A composite computational model of liver glucose homeostasis. II. Exploring system behaviour By T. Sumner, J. Hetherington, R. M. Seymour, L. Li, M. Varela Rey, S. Yamaji, P. Saffrey, O. Margoninski, I. D. L. Bogle, A. Finkelstein and A. Warner Human-like external function of the foot, and fully upright gait, conﬁrmed in the 3.66 million year old Laetoli hominin footprints by topographic statistics, experimental footprint-formation and computer simulation By R. H. Crompton, T. C. Pataky, R. Savage, K. D’Août, M. R. Bennett, M. H. Day, K. Bates, S. Morse and W. I. Sellers Butterﬂy proboscis: combining a drinking straw with a nanosponge facilitated diversiﬁcation of feeding habits By D. Monaenkova, M. S. Lehnert, T. Andrukh, C. E. Beard, B. Rubin, A. Tokarev, W.-K. Lee, P. H. Adler and K. G. Kornev Staining diatoms with rhodamine dyes: control of emission colour in photonic biocomposites By M. Kucki and T. Fuhrmann-Lieker Nanostructural self-assembly of iridescent feather barbules through depletion attraction of melanosomes during keratinization By R. Maia, R. H. F. Macedo and M. D. Shawkey Stochastic properties of the plant circadian clock By M. L. Guerriero, A. Pokhilko, A. P. Fernández, K. J. Halliday, A. J. Millar and J. Hillston A systems approach to model the relationship between aﬂatoxin gene cluster expression, environmental factors, growth and toxin production by Aspergillus ﬂavus By A. Abdel-Hadi, M. Schmidt-Heydt, R. Parra, R. Geisen and N. Magan Dynamics of alternative modes of RNA replication for positive-sense RNA viruses By J. Sardanyés, F. Martı́nez, J.-A. Daròs and S. F. Elena Mechanically induced structural changes during dynamic compression of engineered cartilaginous constructs can potentially explain increases in bulk mechanical properties By T. Nagel and D. J. Kelly Gait recognition: highly unique dynamic plantar pressure patterns among 104 individuals By T. C. Pataky, T. Mu, K. Bosch, D. Rosenbaum and J. Y. Goulermas 665 677 689 701 707 720 727 734 744 757 768 777 790 no. 70, 7 May 2012 Review articles Two decades of studying non-covalent biomolecular assemblies by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry By G. R. Hilton and J. L. P. Benesch Research articles Predicting the effect of climate change on African trypanosomiasis: integrating epidemiology with parasite and vector biology By S. Moore, S. Shrestha, K. W. Tomlinson and H. Vuong Determining elastic properties of skin by measuring surface waves from an impulse mechanical stimulus using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography By C. Li, G. Guan, R. Reif, Z. Huang and R. K. Wang Non-random walks in monkeys and humans By D. Boyer, M. C. Crofoot and P. D. Walsh Social network architecture and the maintenance of deleterious cultural traits By S. Yeaman, A. Schick and L. Lehmann The two-regime method for optimizing stochastic reaction – diffusion simulations By M. B. Flegg, S. J. Chapman and R. Erban A search game model of the scatter hoarder’s problem By S. Alpern, R. Fokkink, T. Lidbetter and N. S. Clayton J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 801 817 831 842 848 859 869 Contents Inﬂuence of strontium for calcium substitution in bioactive glasses on degradation, ion release and apatite formation By Y. C. Fredholm, N. Karpukhina, D. S. Brauer, J. R. Jones, R. V. Law and R. G. Hill Edge-based compartmental modelling for infectious disease spread By J. C. Miller, A. C. Slim and E. M. Volz Using causal models to distinguish between neurogenesis-dependent and -independent effects on behaviour By S. E. Lazic Modulating protein adsorption onto hydroxyapatite particles using different amino acid treatments By W.-H. Lee, C.-Y. Loo, K. L. Van, A. V. Zavgorodniy and R. Rohanizadeh Effect of loading conditions on the dissociation behaviour of catch bond clusters By L. Sun, Q. H. Cheng, H. J. Gao and Y. W. Zhang Effectiveness of facemasks to reduce exposure hazards for airborne infections among general populations By A. C. K. Lai, C. K. M. Poon and A. C. T. Cheung Applications of percolation theory to fungal spread with synergy By J. J. Ludlam, G. J. Gibson, W. Otten and C. A. Gilligan Finding the dimension of slow dynamics in a rhythmic system By S. Revzen and J. M. Guckenheimer Macro-scale phenomena of arterial coupled cells: a massively parallel simulation By M. A. Shaikh, D. J. N. Wall and T. David Cell wall structure and formation of maturing ﬁbres of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) increase buckling resistance By X. Wang, H. Ren, B. Zhang, B. Fei and I. Burgert Rates of coalescence for common epidemiological models at equilibrium By K. Koelle and D. A. Rasmussen An X-ray and neutron reﬂectometry study of ‘PEG-like’ plasma polymer ﬁlms By D. J. Menzies, A. Nelson, H.-H. Shen, K. M. McLean, J. S. Forsythe, T. Gengenbach, C. Fong and B. W. Muir Pressurized vascular systems for self-healing materials By A. R. Hamilton, N. R. Sottos and S. R. White In-roads to the spread of antibiotic resistance: regional patterns of microbial transmission in northern coastal Ecuador By J. N. S. Eisenberg, J. Goldstick, W. Cevallos, G. Trueba, K. Levy, J. Scott, B. Percha, R. Segovia, K. Ponce, A. Hubbard, C. Marrs, B. Foxman, D. L. Smith and J. Trostle A formal mathematical framework for physiological observations, experiments and analyses By T. A. Nielsen, H. Nilsson and T. Matheson Pattern formation in stromatolites: insights from mathematical modelling By R. Cuerno, C. Escudero, J. M. Garcı́a-Ruiz and M. A. Herrero A novel method to quantify gene set functional association based on gene ontology By S. Lv, Y. Li, Q. Wang, S. Ning, T. Huang, P. Wang, J. Sun, Y. Zheng, W. Liu, J. Ai and X. Li Secreted, receptor-associated bone morphogenetic protein regulators reduce stochastic noise intrinsic to many extracellular morphogen distributions By M. S. Karim, G. T. Buzzard and D. M. Umulis Model for self-polarization and motility of keratocyte fragments By F. Ziebert, S. Swaminathan and I. S. Aranson Aerial shaking performance of wet Anna’s hummingbirds By V. M. Ortega-Jimenez and R. Dudley Reports The furrows of Rhinolophidae revisited By D. Vanderelst, R. Jonas and P. Herbert vii 880 890 907 918 928 938 949 957 972 988 997 1008 1020 1029 1040 1051 1063 1073 1084 1093 1100 no. 71, 7 June 2012 Review articles Accounting for indirect land-use change in the life cycle assessment of biofuel supply chains By S. T. Sanchez, J. Woods, M. Akhurst, M. Brander, M. O’Hare, T. P. Dawson, R. Edwards, A. J. Liska and R. Malpas J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 1105 viii Contents Research articles Changes in kinematics and aerodynamics over a range of speeds in Tadarida brasiliensis, the Brazilian free-tailed bat By T. Y. Hubel, N. I. Hristov, S. M. Swartz and K. S. Breuer Air motion sensing hairs of arthropods detect high frequencies at near-maximal mechanical efﬁciency By B. Bathellier, T. Steinmann, F. G. Barth and J. Casas Mechanical responsiveness of the endothelial cell of Schlemm’s canal: scope, variability and its potential role in controlling aqueous humour outﬂow By E. H. Zhou, R. Krishnan, W. D. Stamer, K. M. Perkumas, K. Rajendran, J. F. Nabhan, Q. Lu, J. J. Fredberg and M. Johnson Impact of release dynamics of laser-irradiated polymer micropallets on the viability of selected adherent cells By H. Ma, W. Mismar, Y. Wang, D. W. Small, M. Ras, N. L. Allbritton, C. E. Sims and V. Venugopalan Evolutionary signiﬁcance of metabolic network properties By G. Basler, S. Grimbs, O. Ebenhöh, J. Selbig and Z. Nikoloski Time-varying span efﬁciency through the wingbeat of desert locusts By P. Henningsson and R. J. Bomphrey Impact of main branch stenting on endothelial shear stress: role of side branch diameter, angle and lesion By H. Y. Chen, I. D. Moussa, C. Davidson and G. S. Kassab Operation of the alula as an indicator of gear change in hoverﬂies By S. M. Walker, A. L. R. Thomas and G. K. Taylor Population structure in the Neisseria, and the biological signiﬁcance of fuzzy species By J. Corander, T. R. Connor, C. A. O’Dwyer, J. S. Kroll and W. P. Hanage How to identify water from thickener aqueous solutions by touch By Y. Nonomura, T. Miura, T. Miyashita, Y. Asao, H. Shirado, Y. Makino and T. Maeno Enzyme-sharing as a cause of multi-stationarity in signalling systems By E. Feliu and C. Wiuf Effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentration polarization on human smooth muscle cells’ proliferation, cycle, apoptosis and oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake By Z. Ding, S. Liu, B. Yang, Y. Fan and X. Deng Damped and persistent oscillations in a simple model of cell crawling By P. V. Bayly, L. A. Taber and A. E. Carlsson Force transformation in spider strain sensors: white light interferometry By C. F. Schaber, S. N. Gorb and F. G. Barth Hierarchical ﬂexural strength of enamel: transition from brittle to damage-tolerant behaviour By S. Bechtle, H. Özcoban, E. T. Lilleodden, N. Huber, A. Schreyer, M. V. Swain and G. A. Schneider Determination of the layer-speciﬁc distributed collagen ﬁbre orientations in human thoracic and abdominal aortas and common iliac arteries By A. J. Schrieﬂ, G. Zeindlinger, D. M. Pierce, P. Regitnig and G. A. Holzapfel Inﬂuence on disease spread dynamics of herd characteristics in a structured livestock industry By T. Lindström, S. Sternberg Lewerin and U. Wennergren Directional scattering from the glossy ﬂower of Ranunculus: how the buttercup lights up your chin By S. Vignolini, M. M. Thomas, M. Kolle, T. Wenzel, A. Rowland, P. J. Rudall, J. J. Baumberg, B. J. Glover and U. Steiner Microbial diversity affects self-organization of the soil – microbe system with consequences for function By J. W. Crawford, L. Deacon, D. Grinev, J. A. Harris, K. Ritz, B. K. Singh and I. Young Contributions of talin-1 to glioma cell – matrix tensional homeostasis By S. Sen, W. P. Ng and S. Kumar Optimized nanoscale composite behaviour in limpet teeth By D. Lu and A. H. Barber A validated predictive model of coronary fractional ﬂow reserve By Y. Huo, M. Svendsen, J. S. Choy, Z.-D. Zhang and G. S. Kassab Disparity and convergence in bipedal archosaur locomotion By K. T. Bates and E. R. Schachner Fitness in time-dependent environments includes a geometric phase contribution By S. Tan̆ase-Nicola and I. Nemenman Inﬂuence of network dynamics on the spread of sexually transmitted diseases By S. Risau-Gusman Adaptive behaviour, tri-trophic food-web stability and damping of chaos By A. W. Visser, P. Mariani and S. Pigolotti J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 1120 1131 1144 1156 1168 1177 1187 1194 1208 1216 1224 1233 1241 1254 1265 1275 1287 1295 1302 1311 1318 1325 1339 1354 1363 1373 Contents Determination and validation of the elastic moduli of small and complex biological samples: bone and keratin in bird beaks By J. Soons, A. Herrel, P. Aerts and J. Dirckx A control engineering approach to understanding the TGF-b paradox in cancer By S.-W. Chung, C. R. Cooper, M. C. Farach-Carson and B. A. Ogunnaike Reports Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells: the role of wall slip By K. Wolff, D. Marenduzzo and M. E. Cates ix 1381 1389 1398 no. 72, 7 July 2012 Review articles Bioinformatics and variability in drug response: a protein structural perspective By J. L. Lahti, G. W. Tang, E. Capriotti, T. Liu and R. B. Altman Research articles Effect of magnetically simulated zero-gravity and enhanced gravity on the walk of the common fruitﬂy By R. J. A. Hill, O. J. Larkin, C. E. Dijkstra, A. I. Manzano, E. de Juan, M. R. Davey, P. Anthony, L. Eaves, F. J. Medina, R. Marco and R. Herranz Bioactive composite gradient coatings of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 fabricated on polyamide66 substrates By D. Huang, Y. Zuo, J. Li, Q. Zou, L. Zhang, M. Gong, L. Wang, L. Li and Y. Li Integration of intrinsic muscle properties, feed-forward and feedback signals for generating and stabilizing hopping By D. F. B. Haeuﬂe, S. Grimmer, K.-T. Kalveram and A. Seyfarth Design and analysis of DNA strand displacement devices using probabilistic model checking By M. R. Lakin, D. Parker, L. Cardelli, M. Kwiatkowska and A. Phillips Small actions, big costs: the behavioural energetics of a commercially important invertebrate By A. A. Robson, L. Chauvaud, R. P. Wilson and L. G. Halsey Computational modelling of the piglet brain to simulate near-infrared spectroscopy and magnetic resonance spectroscopy data collected during oxygen deprivation By T. Moroz, M. Banaji, N. J. Robertson, C. E. Cooper and I. Tachtsidis Characterization of the phosphatic mineral of the barnacle Ibla cumingi at atomic level by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance: comparison with other phosphatic biominerals By D. G. Reid, M. J. Mason, B. K. K. Chan and M. J. Duer Optimal decision-making in mammals: insights from a robot study of rodent texture discrimination By N. F. Lepora, C. W. Fox, M. H. Evans, M. E. Diamond, K. Gurney and T. J. Prescott Predicting oscillatory dynamics in the movement of territorial animals By L. Giuggioli, J. R. Potts and S. Harris The effect of changes in condom usage and antiretroviral treatment coverage on human immunodeﬁciency virus incidence in South Africa: a model-based analysis By L. F. Johnson, T. B. Hallett, T. M. Rehle and R. E. Dorrington Adhesion energy can regulate vesicle fusion and stabilize partially fused states By R. Long, C.-Y. Hui, A. Jagota and M. Bykhovskaia Fitness-maximizing foragers can use information about patch quality to decide how to search for and within patches: optimal Lévy walk searching patterns from optimal foraging theory By A. M. Reynolds Computational modelling of cell chain migration reveals mechanisms that sustain follow-the-leader behaviour By M. L. Wynn, P. M. Kulesa and S. Schnell Stochastic steady state gain in a gene expression process with mRNA degradation control By H. Kuwahara and R. Schwartz Effects of surface microtopography on the assembly of the osteoclast resorption apparatus By D. Geblinger, C. Zink, N. D. Spencer, L. Addadi and B. Geiger Hemispherical Brillouin zone imaging of a diamond-type biological photonic crystal By B. D. Wilts, K. Michielsen, H. De Raedt and D. G. Stavenga Bone tissue reactions to biomimetic ion-substituted apatite surfaces on titanium implants By A. M. Ballo, W. Xia, A. Palmquist, C. Lindahl, L. Emanuelsson, J. Lausmaa, H. Engqvist and P. Thomsen Implications of functional similarity for gene regulatory interactions By K. Glass, E. Ott, W. Losert and M. Girvan J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 1409 1438 1450 1458 1470 1486 1499 1510 1517 1529 1544 1555 1568 1576 1589 1599 l609 1615 1625 x Contents Meta-DNA: synthetic biology via DNA nanostructures and hybridization reactions By H. Chandran, N. Gopalkrishnan, B. Yurke and J. Reif Multi-scale modelling of elastic moduli of trabecular bone By E. Hamed, I. Jasiuk, A. Yoo, Y. Lee and T. Liszka A passerine spreads its tail to facilitate a rapid recovery of its body posture during hovering By J.-Y. Su, S.-C. Ting, Y.-H. Chang and J.-T. Yang The inﬂuence of sensory delay on the yaw dynamics of a ﬂapping insect By M. J. Elzinga, W. B. Dickson and M. H. Dickinson In vivo assessment of the effect of controlled high- and low-frequency mechanical loading on peri-implant bone healing By X. Zhang, K. Vandamme, A. Torcasio, T. Ogawa, G. H. van Lenthe, I. Naert and J. Duyck Reports Microbial synthesis of core/shell gold/palladium nanoparticles for applications in green chemistry By K. Deplanche, M. L. Merroun, M. Casadesus, D. T. Tran, I. P. Mikheenko, J. A. Bennett, J. Zhu, I. P. Jones, G. A. Attard, J. Wood, S. Selenska-Pobell and L. E. Macaskie 1637 1654 1674 1685 1697 1705 no. 73, 7 August 2012 Review articles Metabolomics: a valuable tool for stem cell monitoring in regenerative medicine By L. E. McNamara, T. Sjöström, R. M. D. Meek, R. O. C. Oreffo, B. Su, M. J. Dalby and K. E. V. Burgess Research articles Lost at sea: genetic, oceanographic and meteorological evidence for storm-forced dispersal By C. Monzón-Argüello, F. Dell’Amico, P. Morinière, A. Marco, L. F. López-Jurado, G. C. Hays, R. Scott, R. Marsh and P. L. M. Lee High-resolution microrheology in the pericellular matrix of prostate cancer cells By N. Nijenhuis, D. Mizuno, J. A. E. Spaan and C. F. Schmidt The well-tuned blues: the role of structural colours as optical signals in the species recognition of a local butterﬂy fauna (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae) By Z. Bálint, K. Kertész, G. Piszter, Z. Vértesy and L. P. Biró Glial progenitor cell recruitment drives aggressive glioma growth: mathematical and experimental modelling By S. C. Massey, M. C. Assanah, K. A. Lopez, P. Canoll and K. R. Swanson The beneﬁts of planar circular mouths on suction feeding performance By T. Skorczewski, A. Cheer and P. C. Wainwright The nanometre-scale physiology of bone: steric modelling and scanning transmission electron microscopy of collagen – mineral structure By B. Alexander, T. L. Daulton, G. M. Genin, J. Lipner, J. D. Pasteris, B. Wopenka and S. Thomopoulos Multi-layered bird beaks: a ﬁnite-element approach towards the role of keratin in stress dissipation By J. Soons, A. Herrel, A. Genbrugge, D. Adriaens, P. Aerts and J. Dirckx Inferring pandemic growth rates from sequence data By E. de Silva, N. M. Ferguson and C. Fraser Experiments and theory of undulatory locomotion in a simple structured medium By T. Majmudar, E. E. Keaveny, J. Zhang and M. J. Shelley Dramatic reduction of dimensionality in large biochemical networks owing to strong pair correlations By M. Dworkin, S. Mukherjee, C. Jayaprakash and J. Das Outbreaks of H5N1 in poultry in Thailand: the relative role of poultry production types in sustaining transmission and the impact of active surveillance in control By P. Walker, S. Cauchemez, N. Hartemink, T. Tiensin and A. C. Ghani Virtual experiments, physical validation: dental morphology at the intersection of experiment and theory By P. S. L. Anderson and E. J. Rayﬁeld Fish and robots swimming together: attraction towards the robot demands biomimetic locomotion By S. Marras and M. Porﬁri In vitro and in silico investigations of disc nucleus replacement By S. Reitmaier, A. Shirazi-Adl, M. Bashkuev, H.-J. Wilke, A. Gloria and H. Schmidt Spider orb webs rely on radial threads to absorb prey kinetic energy By A. T. Sensenig, K. A. Lorentz, S. P. Kelly and T. A. Blackledge J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 1713 1725 1733 1745 1757 1767 1774 1787 1797 1809 1824 1836 1846 1856 1869 1880 Contents Using digital photography to implement the McFarland method By L. L. Zamora and M. T. Pérez-Gracia Resonance in herbaceous plant stems as a factor in vibrational communication of pentatomid bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) By J. Polajnar, D. Svenšek and A. Čokl Hydrodynamics of the double-wave structure of insect spermatozoa ﬂagella By O. S. Pak, S. E. Spagnolie and E. Lauga Squeeze-and-breathe evolutionary Monte Carlo optimization with local search acceleration and its application to parameter ﬁtting By M. Beguerisse-Dı́az, B. Wang, R. Desikan and M. Barahona Broiler chickens can beneﬁt from machine learning: support vector machine analysis of observational epidemiological data By P. J. Hepworth, A. V. Nefedov, I. B. Muchnik and K. L. Morgan Haemocompatibility and ion exchange capability of nanocellulose polypyrrole membranes intended for blood puriﬁcation By N. Ferraz, D. O. Carlsson, J. Hong, R. Larsson, B. Fellström, L. Nyholm, M. Strømme and A. Mihranyan Culturomics meets random fractal theory: insights into long-range correlations of social and natural phenomena over the past two centuries By J. Gao, J. Hu, X. Mao and M. Perc Leaf surface structures enable the endemic Namib desert grass Stipagrostis sabulicola to irrigate itself with fog water By A. Roth-Nebelsick, M. Ebner, T. Miranda, V. Gottschalk, D. Voigt, S. Gorb, T. Stegmaier, J. Sarsour, M. Linke and W. Konrad Leg stiffness of sprinters using running-speciﬁc prostheses By C. P. McGowan, A. M. Grabowski, W. J. McDermott, H. M. Herr and R. Kram A nonlinear programming approach for estimation of transmission parameters in childhood infectious disease using a continuous time model By D. P. Word, D. A. T. Cummings, D. S. Burke, S. Iamsirithaworn and C. D. Laird Regulation of oscillation dynamics in biochemical systems with dual negative feedback loops By L. K. Nguyen xi 1892 1898 1908 1925 1934 1943 1956 1965 1975 1983 1998 Reports Energetically optimal running requires torques about the centre of mass By J. R. Usherwood and T. Y. Hubel 2011 Corrections Corrigendum for the paper ‘Aerial shaking performance of wet Anna’s hummingbirds’ By V. M. Ortega-Jimenez and R. Dudley 2016 no. 74, 7 September 2012 Review articles Determinants of cell– material crosstalk at the interface: towards engineering of cell instructive materials By M. Ventre, F. Causa and P. A. Netti Research articles Floquet stability analysis of the longitudinal dynamics of two hovering model insects By J. H. Wu and M. Sun Importance of initial aortic properties on the evolving regional anisotropy, stiffness and wall thickness of human abdominal aortic aneurysms By J. S. Wilson, S. Baek and J. D. Humphrey Single and mixed poloxamine micelles as nanocarriers for solubilization and sustained release of ethoxzolamide for topical glaucoma therapy By A. Ribeiro, A. Sosnik, D. A. Chiappetta, F. Veiga, A. Concheiro and C. Alvarez-Lorenzo Identiﬁcation of intermittent control in man and machine By I. D. Loram, C. van de Kamp, H. Gollee and P. J. Gawthrop Prediction of invasion from the early stage of an epidemic By F. J. Pérez-Reche, F. M. Neri, S. N. Taraskin and C. A. Gilligan Balancing on tightropes and slacklines By P. Paoletti and L. Mahadevan J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 2017 2033 2047 2059 2070 2085 2097 xii Contents Acute inﬂammatory response to cobalt chromium orthopaedic wear debris in a rodent air-pouch model By M. Akbar, A. R. Fraser, G. J. Graham, J. M. Brewer and M. H. Grant Assessing the impact of marine wind farms on birds through movement modelling By E. A. Masden, R. Reeve, M. Desholm, A. D. Fox, R. W. Furness and D. T. Haydon Dynamics and processing in ﬁnite self-similar networks By S. DeDeo and D. C. Krakauer Apatite-forming ability of titanium in terms of pH of the exposed solution By D. K. Pattanayak, S. Yamaguchi, T. Matsushita, T. Nakamura and T. Kokubo A methodology for global-sensitivity analysis of time-dependent outputs in systems biology modelling By T. Sumner, E. Shephard and I. D. L. Bogle Multifractal signatures of infectious diseases By A. M. Holdsworth, N. K.-R. Kevlahan and D. J. D. Earn Planar covariation of limb elevation angles during bipedal walking in the Japanese macaque By N. Ogihara, T. Kikuchi, Y. Ishiguro, H. Makishima and M. Nakatsukasa Modelling deuterium labelling of lymphocytes with temporal and/or kinetic heterogeneity By R. J. De Boer, A. S. Perelson and R. M. Ribeiro Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in ﬁbre-reinforced tubular scaffolds: theoretical study and experimental evidences By V. Guarino, F. Urciuolo, M. A. Alvarez-Perez, B. Mele, P. A. Netti and L. Ambrosio Synchrotron-based dynamic computed tomography of tissue motion for regional lung function measurement By S. Dubsky, S. B. Hooper, K. K. W. Siu and A. Fouras Quantitative three-dimensional microtextural analyses of tooth wear as a tool for dietary discrimination in ﬁshes By M. Purnell, O. Seehausen and F. Galis The inﬂuence of altruism on inﬂuenza vaccination decisions By E. Shim, G. B. Chapman, J. P. Townsend and A. P. Galvani Competition – colonization trade-off promotes coexistence of low-virulence viral strains By S. Ojosnegros, E. Delgado-Eckert and N. Beerenwinkel Common structure in the heterogeneity of plant-matter decay By D. C. Forney and D. H. Rothman Real time forecasting of near-future evolution By P. J. Gerrish and P. D. Sniegowski A photonic heterostructure produces diverse iridescent colours in duck wing patches By C. M. Eliason and M. D. Shawkey Spatio-temporal development of the endothelial glycocalyx layer and its mechanical property in vitro By K. Bai and W. Wang Structure and physical properties of silkworm cocoons By F. Chen, D. Porter and F. Vollrath Assessing the impact of adherence to anti-retroviral therapy on treatment failure and resistance evolution in HIV By D. Cadosch, S. Bonhoeffer and R. Kouyos Label-free magnetic resonance imaging to locate live cells in three-dimensional porous scaffolds By A. Abarrategi, M. E. Fernandez-Valle, T. Desmet, D. Castejón, A. Civantos, C. Moreno-Vicente, V. Ramos, J. V. Sanz-Casado, F. J. Martı́nez-Vázquez, P. Dubruel, P. Miranda and J. L. López-Lacomba Brownian motion or Lévy walk? Stepping towards an extended statistical mechanics for animal locomotion By A. O. Gautestad Identifying individual DNA species in a complex mixture by precisely measuring the spacing between nicking restriction enzymes with atomic force microscope By J. Reed, C. Hsueh, M.-L. Lam, R. Kjolby, A. Sundstrom, B. Mishra and J. K. Gimzewski Dynamics of angiogenesis during murine retinal development: a coupled in vivo and in silico study By M. G. Watson, S. R. McDougall, M. A. J. Chaplain, A. H. Devlin and C. A. Mitchell Reports Digital clocks: simple Boolean models can quantitatively describe circadian systems By O. E. Akman, S. Watterson, A. Parton, N. Binns, A. J. Millar and P. Ghazal J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 2109 2120 2131 2145 2156 2167 2181 2191 2201 2213 2225 2234 2244 2255 2268 2279 2290 2299 2309 2321 2332 2341 2351 2365 Contents xiii no. 75, 7 October 2012 Review articles Nano-sized manganese oxides as biomimetic catalysts for water oxidation in artiﬁcial photosynthesis: a review By M. M. Najafpour, F. Rahimi, E.-M. Aro, C.-H. Lee and S. I. Allakhverdiev Research articles The human foot and heel – sole – toe walking strategy: a mechanism enabling an inverted pendular gait with low isometric muscle force? By J. R. Usherwood, A. J. Channon, J. P. Myatt, J. W. Rankin and T. Y. Hubel The beneﬁts of maternal effects in novel and in stable environments By R. B. Hoyle and T. H. G. Ezard A mathematical model of adult subventricular neurogenesis By J. M. A. Ashbourn, J. J. Miller, V. Reumers, V. Baekelandt and L. Geris Design of gecko-inspired ﬁbrillar surfaces with strong attachment and easy-removal properties: a numerical analysis of peel-zone By M. Zhou, N. Pesika, H. Zeng, J. Wan, X. Zhang, Y. Meng, S. Wen and Y. Tian Release proﬁle and characteristics of electrosprayed particles for oral delivery of a practically insoluble drug By A. Bohr, J. Kristensen, M. Dyas, M. Edirisinghe and E. Stride Hydrophobin Vmh2– glucose complexes self-assemble in nanometric bioﬁlms By I. Rea, P. Giardina, S. Longobardi, F. Porro, V. Casuscelli, I. Rendina and L. De Stefano Interfacial recognition of human prostate-speciﬁc antigen by immobilized monoclonal antibody: effects of solution conditions and surface chemistry By X. Zhao, F. Pan, L. Garcia-Gancedo, A. J. Flewitt, G. M. Ashley, J. Luo and J. R. Lu Nitric oxide transport in an axisymmetric stenosis By X. Liu, Y. Fan, X. Y. Xu and X. Deng Post-secretion processing inﬂuences spider silk performance By S. J. Blamires, C.-L. Wu, T. A. Blackledge and I.-M. Tso The optimal deployment of synergistic antibiotics: a control-theoretic approach By R. Peña-Miller, D. Lähnemann, H. Schulenburg, M. Ackermann and R. Beardmore The sensitivity of human mesenchymal stem cells to vibration and cold storage conditions representative of cold transportation By N. I. Nikolaev, Y. Liu, H. Hussein and D. J. Williams Function suggests nano-structure: electrophysiology supports that granule membranes play dice By I. Hammel and I. Meilijson Quantifying limits to detection of early warning for critical transitions By C. Boettiger and A. Hastings A long-time limit for world subway networks By C. Roth, S. M. Kang, M. Batty and M. Barthelemy New crosslinkers for electrospun chitosan ﬁbre mats. I. Chemical analysis By M. S. Austero, A. E. Donius, U. G. K. Wegst and C. L. Schauer Structure and optical function of amorphous photonic nanostructures from avian feather barbs: a comparative small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis of 230 bird species By V. Saranathan, J. D. Forster, H. Noh, S.-F. Liew, S. G. J. Mochrie, H. Cao, E. R. Dufresne and R. O. Prum Preservation of 5300 year old red blood cells in the Iceman By M. Janko, R. W. Stark and A. Zink Airﬂow elicits a spider’s jump towards airborne prey. I. Airﬂow around a ﬂying blowﬂy By C. Klopsch, H. C. Kuhlmann and F. G. Barth The impact of host immune status on the within-host and population dynamics of antigenic immune escape By S. Luo, M. Reed, J. C. Mattingly and K. Koelle Mechanical state, material properties and continuous description of an epithelial tissue By I. Bonnet, P. Marcq, F. Bosveld, L. Fetler, Y. Bellaı̈che and F. Graner Reconstructing the ﬂight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes By S. Butail, N. Manoukis, M. Diallo, J. M. Ribeiro, T. Lehmann and D. A. Paley Transmission dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a medical intensive care unit By I. M. Hall, I. Barrass, S. Leach, D. Pittet and S. Hugonnet Graph spectral analysis of protein interaction network evolution By T. Thorne and M. P. H. Stumpf J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 2383 2396 2403 2414 2424 2437 2450 2457 2468 2479 2488 2503 2516 2527 2540 2551 2563 2581 2591 2603 2614 2624 2639 2653 xiv Contents Regional variation in the mechanical properties of the vertebral column during lateral bending in Morone saxatilis By B. N. Nowroozi and E. L. Brainerd Hyaluronan hydration generates three-dimensional meso-scale structure in engineered collagen tissues By N. Anandagoda, D. G. Ezra, U. Cheema, M. Bailly and R. A. Brown Effect of solid surface charge on the binding behaviour of a metal-binding peptide By S. Donatan, M. Sarikaya, C. Tamerler and M. Urgen Dynamics of Salmonella infection of macrophages at the single cell level By J. R. Gog, A. Murcia, N. Osterman, O. Restif, T. J. McKinley, M. Sheppard, S. Achouri, B. Wei, P. Mastroeni, J. L. N. Wood, D. J. Maskell, P. Cicuta and C. E. Bryant Suitability of European climate for the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: recent trends and future scenarios By C. Caminade, J. M. Medlock, E. Ducheyne, K. M. McIntyre, S. Leach, M. Baylis and A. P. Morse A model balancing cooperation and competition can explain our right-handed world and the dominance of left-handed athletes By D. M. Abrams and M. J. Panaggio Optimal homeostasis necessitates bistable control By G. Wang Strain ampliﬁcation in bone mechanobiology: a computational investigation of the in vivo mechanics of osteocytes By S. W. Verbruggen, T. J. Vaughan and L. M. McNamara Reports Elytra boost lift, but reduce aerodynamic efﬁciency in ﬂying beetles By L. C. Johansson, S. Engel, E. Baird, M. Dacke, F. T. Muijres and A. Hedenström 2667 2680 2688 2696 2708 2718 2723 2735 2745 no. 76, 7 November 2012 Review articles The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials By L. J. Gibson Recent advances in mapping environmental microbial metabolisms through 13 C isotopic ﬁngerprints By J. K.-H. Tang, L. You, R. E. Blankenship and Y. J. Tang Research articles Dynamic self-cleaning in gecko setae via digital hyperextension By S. Hu, S. Lopez, P. H. Niewiarowski and Z. Xia The value of reputation By T. Pfeiffer, L. Tran, C. Krumme and D. G. Rand Vaccine allocation in a declining epidemic By E. Goldstein, J. Wallinga and M. Lipsitch Revealing mechanisms underlying variation in malaria virulence: effective propagation and host control of uninfected red blood cell supply By C. J. E. Metcalf, G. H. Long, N. Mideo, J. D. Forester, O. N. Bjørnstad and A. L. Graham Optimizing surveillance for livestock disease spreading through animal movements By P. Bajardi, A. Barrat, L. Savini and V. Colizza Social encounter networks: collective properties and disease transmission By L. Danon, T. A. House, J. M. Read and M. J. Keeling Haemodynamics in the mouse aortic arch computed from MRI-derived velocities at the aortic root By M. A. Van Doormaal, A. Kazakidi, M. Wylezinska, A. Hunt, J. L. Tremoleda, A. Protti, Y. Bohraus, W. Gsell, P. D. Weinberg and C. R. Ethier Thermal ﬂuctuations of haemoglobin from different species: adaptation to temperature via conformational dynamics By A. M. Stadler, C. J. Garvey, A. Bocahut, S. Sacquin-Mora, I. Digel, G. J. Schneider, F. Natali, G. M. Artmann and G. Zaccai A stochastic T cell response criterion By J. Currie, M. Castro, G. Lythe, E. Palmer and C. Molina-Parı́s J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 2749 2767 2781 2791 2798 2804 2814 2826 2834 2845 2856 Contents Nanoscale characterization of the biomechanical hardening of bovine zona pellucida By A. Boccaccio, M. C. Frassanito, L. Lamberti, R. Brunelli, G. Maulucci, M. Monaci, M. Papi, C. Pappalettere, T. Parasassi, L. Sylla, F. Ursini and M. De Spirito Towards the rational design of synthetic cells with prescribed population dynamics By N. Dalchau, M. J. Smith, S. Martin, J. R. Brown, S. Emmott and A. Phillips Transmission, attenuation and reﬂection of shear waves in the human brain By E. H. Clayton, G. M. Genin and P. V. Bayly Pseudoelastic behaviour of a natural material is achieved via reversible changes in protein backbone conformation By M. J. Harrington, S. S. Wasko, A. Masic, F. D. Fischer, H. S. Gupta and P. Fratzl Ion-implanted polytetraﬂuoroethylene enhances Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioﬁlm formation for improved immobilization By C. T. H. Tran, A. Kondyurin, S. L. Hirsh, D. R. McKenzie and M. M. M. Bilek Within-host competition and diversiﬁcation of macro-parasites By R. Guilhem, A. Šimková, S. Morand and S. Gourbière A biomechanical model of rock drilling in the piddock Barnea candida (Bivalvia; Mollusca) By R. Nederlof and M. Muller Modelling the long-term dynamics of pre-vaccination pertussis By G. Rozhnova and A. Nunes Impact of surrounding tissue on conductance measurement of coronary and peripheral lumen area By H. W. Choi, B. Jansen, Z.-D. Zhang and G. S. Kassab Models of collective cell behaviour with crowding effects: comparing lattice-based and lattice-free approaches By M. J. Plank and M. J. Simpson Immunoﬂuorescence-guided atomic force microscopy to measure the micromechanical properties of the pericellular matrix of porcine articular cartilage By R. E. Wilusz, L. E. DeFrate and F. Guilak Rapid magnetic cell delivery for large tubular bioengineered constructs By J. Gonzalez-Molina, J. Riegler, P. Southern, D. Ortega, C. C. Frangos, Y. Angelopoulos, S. Husain, M. F. Lythgoe, Q. A. Pankhurst and R. M. Day Towards excimer-laser-based stereolithography: a rapid process to fabricate rigid biodegradable photopolymer scaffolds By S. Beke, F. Anjum, H. Tsushima, L. Ceseracciu, E. Chieregatti, A. Diaspro, A. Athanassiou and F. Brandi Modelling cell motility and chemotaxis with evolving surface ﬁnite elements By C. M. Elliott, B. Stinner and C. Venkataraman Modelling the spread of Wolbachia in spatially heterogeneous environments By P. A. Hancock and H. C. J. Godfray Inferring social network structure in ecological systems from spatio-temporal data streams By I. Psorakis, S. J. Roberts, I. Rezek and B. C. Sheldon Friction enhancement in concertina locomotion of snakes By H. Marvi and D. L. Hu Quantitative assessment of collagen ﬁbre orientations from two-dimensional images of soft biological tissues By A. J. Schrieﬂ, A. J. Reinisch, S. Sankaran, D. M. Pierce and G. A. Holzapfel Tracking and characterizing the head motion of unanaesthetized rats in positron emission tomography By A. Kyme, S. Meikle, C. Baldock and R. Fulton Specialization of tendon mechanical properties results from interfascicular differences By C. T. Thorpe, C. P. Udeze, H. L. Birch, P. D. Clegg and H. R. C. Screen Human islet amyloid polypeptide at the air – aqueous interface: a Langmuir monolayer approach By S. Li, M. Micic, J. Orbulescu, J. D. Whyte and R. M. Leblanc A dynamical model for the Utricularia trap By C. Llorens, M. Argentina, Y. Bouret, P. Marmottant and O. Vincent Epidermis architecture and material properties of the skin of four snake species By M.-C. G. Klein and S. N. Gorb Reports Physical basis for the adaptive ﬂexibility of Bacillus spore coats By O. Sahin, E. H. Yong, A. Driks and L. Mahadevan Do ‘passive’ medical titanium surfaces deteriorate in service in the absence of wear? By O. Addison, A. J. Davenport, R. J. Newport, S. Kalra, M. Monir, J. F. W. Mosselmans, D. Proops and R. A. Martin J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) xv 2871 2883 2899 2911 2923 2936 2947 2959 2971 2983 2997 3008 3017 3027 3045 3055 3067 3081 3094 3108 3118 3129 3140 3156 3161 xvi Contents no. 77, 7 December 2012 Review articles Quantitative biology of single neurons By J. Eberwine, D. Lovatt, P. Buckley, H. Dueck, C. Francis, T. K. Kim, J. Lee, M. Lee, K. Miyashiro, J. Morris, T. Peritz, T. Schochet, J. Spaethling, J.-Y. Sul and J. Kim Research articles Minimizing the exposure of airborne pathogens by upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation: an experimental and numerical study By Y. Yang, W. Y. Chan, C. L. Wu, R. Y. C. Kong and A. C. K. Lai Hierarchical virtual screening for the discovery of new molecular scaffolds in antibacterial hit identiﬁcation By P. J. Ballester, M. Mangold, N. I. Howard, R. L. Marchese Robinson, C. Abell, J. Blumberger and J. B. O. Mitchell Wet mammals shake at tuned frequencies to dry By A. K. Dickerson, Z. G. Mills and D. L. Hu Probabilistic patterns of interaction: the effects of link-strength variability on food web structure By J. D. Yeakel, P. R. Guimarães Jr, M. Novak, K. Fox-Dobbs and P. L. Koch Repelled from the wound, or randomly dispersed? Reverse migration behaviour of neutrophils characterized by dynamic modelling By G. R. Holmes, S. R. Anderson, G. Dixon, A. L. Robertson, C. C. Reyes-Aldasoro, S. A. Billings, S. A. Renshaw and V. Kadirkamanathan The role of capture spiral silk properties in the diversiﬁcation of orb webs By A. Tarakanova and M. J. Buehler New insights into ice growth and melting modiﬁcations by antifreeze proteins By M. Bar-Dolev, Y. Celik, J. S. Wettlaufer, P. L. Davies and I. Braslavsky Embodied linearity of speed control in Drosophila melanogaster By V. Medici and S. N. Fry Collective cell migration: leadership, invasion and segregation By A. J. Kabla Healable thermoset polymer composite embedded with stimuli-responsive ﬁbres By G. Li, H. Meng and J. Hu Recapitulating tumour microenvironment in chitosan – gelatin three-dimensional scaffolds: an improved in vitro tumour model By N. Arya, V. Sardana, M. Saxena, A. Rangarajan and D. S. Katti Critical transition between cohesive and population-dividing responses to change By R. Muneepeerakul, M. R. Qubbaj, R. M. Aggarwal, J. M. Anderies and M. A. Janssen Effects of worker size on the dynamics of ﬁre ant tunnel construction By N. Gravish, M. Garcia, N. Mazouchova, L. Levy, P. B. Umbanhowar, M. A. D. Goodisman and D. I. Goldman Evolution of the most common English words and phrases over the centuries By M. Perc Compass magnetoreception in birds arising from photo-induced radical pairs in rotationally disordered cryptochromes By J. C. S. Lau, C. T. Rodgers and P. J. Hore Variation in carotenoid – protein interaction in bird feathers produces novel plumage coloration By M. M. Mendes-Pinto, A. M. LaFountain, M. C. Stoddard, R. O. Prum, H. A. Frank and B. Robert Frigatebird behaviour at the ocean – atmosphere interface: integrating animal behaviour with multi-satellite data By S. De Monte, C. Cotté, F. d’Ovidio, M. Lévy, M. Le Corre and H. Weimerskirch Biomimetic surfaces with controlled direction-dependent adhesion By L. Afferrante and G. Carbone Turnover of ﬁbrillar collagen in soft biological tissue with application to the expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysms By G. Martuﬁ and T. C. Gasser Tomographic particle image velocimetry of desert locust wakes: instantaneous volumes combine to reveal hidden vortex elements and rapid wake deformation By R. J. Bomphrey, P. Henningsson, D. Michaelis and D. Hollis Frequency-dependent ﬁtness induces multistability in coevolutionary dynamics By H. Arnoldt, M. Timme and S. Grosskinsky J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 3165 3184 3196 3208 3219 3229 3240 3249 3260 3268 3279 3288 3303 3312 3323 3329 3338 3351 3359 3366 3378 3387 Contents Relevance of the sterilization-induced effects on the properties of different hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and assessment of the osteoblastic cell response By C. Santos, P. S. Gomes, J. A. Duarte, R. P. Franke, M. M. Almeida, M. E. V. Costa and M. H. Fernandes What do molecules do when we are not looking? State sequence analysis for stochastic chemical systems By P. Levin, J. Lefebvre and T. J. Perkins Artefacts in statistical analyses of network motifs: general framework and application to metabolic networks By M. E. Beber, C. Fretter, S. Jain, N. Sonnenschein, M. Müller-Hannemann and M.-T. Hütt Prediction of welfare outcomes for broiler chickens using Bayesian regression on continuous optical ﬂow data By S. J. Roberts, R. Cain and M. S. Dawkins Characterizing and optimizing poly-L-lactide-co-1-caprolactone membranes for urothelial tissue engineering By R. Sartoneva, A.-M. Haaparanta, T. Lahdes-Vasama, B. Mannerström, M. Kellomäki, M. Salomäki, G. Sándor, R. Seppänen, S. Miettinen and S. Haimi Inﬂuences of surface chemistry and swelling of salt-treated polyelectrolyte multilayers on migration of smooth muscle cells By L. Han, Z. Mao, J. Wu, Y. Zhang and C. Gao The effect of remodelling and contractility of the actin cytoskeleton on the shear resistance of single cells: a computational and experimental investigation By E. P. Dowling, W. Ronan, G. Ofek, V. S. Deshpande, R. M. McMeeking, K. A. Athanasiou and J. P. McGarry Shape optimization in exoskeletons and endoskeletons: a biomechanics analysis By D. Taylor and J.-H. Dirks Aggregation by depletion attraction in cultures of bacteria producing exopolysaccharide By G. Dorken, G. P. Ferguson, C. E. French and W. C. K. Poon Heat-shock-induced cellular responses to temperature elevations occurring during orthopaedic cutting By E. B. Dolan, M. G. Haugh, D. Tallon, C. Casey and L. M. McNamara Multiwalled carbon nanotubes in alfalfa and wheat: toxicology and uptake By P. Miralles, E. Johnson, T. L. Church and A. T. Harris The biological seal of the implant– soft tissue interface evaluated in a tissue-engineered oral mucosal model By W. L. Chai, I. M. Brook, A. Palmquist, R. van Noort and K. Moharamzadeh Quasi-potential landscape in complex multi-stable systems By J. X. Zhou, M. D. S. Aliyu, E. Aurell and S. Huang Fluctuating noise drives Brownian transport By Y. Hasegawa and M. Arita Identiﬁcation of potential biophysical and molecular signalling mechanisms underlying hyaluronic acid enhancement of cartilage formation By D. J. Responte, R. M. Natoli and K. A. Athanasiou xvii 3397 3411 3426 3436 3444 3455 3469 3480 3490 3503 3514 3528 3539 3554 3564 Reports Costs of a more spacious home after remodelling by hermit crabs By M. E. Laidre, E. Patten and L. Pruitt 3574 Corrections Corrigendum for the paper ‘Digital clocks: simple Boolean models can quantitatively describe circadian systems’ By O. E. Akman, S. Watterson, A. Parton, N. Binns, A. J. Millar and P. Ghazal 3578 J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) RSIF_9_77_Cover.qxd 10/15/12 1:11 PM Page 2 GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS Editor Leslie Dutton Publishing Editor Tim Holt Editorial Board Leslie Dutton, Editor Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Luigi Ambrosio Centre for Biomaterials, University of Naples “Federico II” Eva-Mari Aro Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku David Balding Genetics Institute, University College London James Barber Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London Serena Best Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Christopher F. Blanford School of Materials, The University of Manchester Jochen Blumberger Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London Erich Bornberg-Bauer Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Evolutionary Bioinformatics Group David Bowler Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London Markus J. Buehler Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jérôme Casas Institut de recherché sur la biologie de l’insecte, Tours Shunai Che School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Luonan Chen Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Jason Chin MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge Richard Cogdell Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow Fu-Zhai Cui Biomaterials Laboratory, Tsinghua University Peter Davies Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Athene M Donald Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge Mohan Edirisinghe Mechanical Engineering, University College London Neil Ferguson Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London Garret FitzGerald Institute for Transitional Medicine and Therapeutics, Philadelphia Scott E. Fraser Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology Wayne Getz Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California at Berkeley Lorna Gibson Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Publishing Editor: Tim Holt (tel: +44 (0)20 7451 2649; fax: +44 (0)20 7976 1837; [email protected]) Editorial Coordinator: Alexandra Ashford (tel: +44 (0)20 7451 2633; [email protected]) Production Editor: Tom Lowen 6–9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, UK rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org Reports Reports are short, letter-style contributions (up to 2500 words), which are published rapidly. Preliminary and more speculative work of high quality is strongly encouraged. Both articles and reports should be written for audiences in a wide range of disciplines. Marilyn Gunner Physics Department, City College of New York Judy Hirst MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Gerhard Hummer Theoretical Biophysics Section, National Institutes of Health Stephen Hyde Department of Applied Mathematics, Australian National University Wolfgang Junge Department of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück Roger Kamm Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Can Li State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chwee Teck Lim Division of Bioengineering & Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore Françoise Livolant Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris Sud Qingming Luo Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Teruo Okano Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Eva Pebay-Peyroula Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble Josep Planell Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona Zihe Rao College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Nadrian Seeman Department of Chemistry, New York University Elizabeth Tanner Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow Bruce Tidor Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Marco Viceconti Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield Martin Vingron Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Genetik, Berlin John Walker MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Min Wang Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong Marten Wikstrom Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Joseph Zaccai Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble Xingdong Zhang Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University Reviews Reviews are articles of the highest quality and aim to be of interest to communities working at the physical sciences–life sciences interface. Reviews cover the latest developments in an area of cross-disciplinary research. They put such research into a broader context and are written in a style that makes them accessible to readers in a wide range of disciplines. Reviews are normally published by invitation; however, we are also keen to receive proposals for prospective articles. Complete literature surveys are not encouraged. Selection criteria The review process will give equal weighting to sciences on both sides of the interface. The criteria for selection are scientific excellence, originality and potential interest to a wide spectrum of scientists. All papers are peer-reviewed to a high standard and published rapidly under the control of the Editor and his distinguished Editorial Board. The Royal Society, the national academy of science of the UK and the Commonwealth, is at the cutting edge of scientific progress. We support many top young scientists, engineers and technologists, influence science policy, debate scientific issues with the public and much more. We are an independent, charitable body and derive our authoritative status from over 1400 Fellows and Foreign Members. AIMS AND SCOPE Interface is a new international journal publishing papers from the interface between the physical sciences, including mathematics, and the life sciences. It provides a high-quality forum to publish rapidly and interact across this boundary in two main ways: Interface publishes research applying chemistry, engineering, materials science, mathematics and physics to the biological and medical sciences; it also highlights discoveries in the life sciences that allow advances in the physical sciences. Both sides of the interface are considered equally. Copyright © 2012 The Royal Society Except as otherwise permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any other means, with the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. In particular, the Society permits the making of a single photocopy of an article from this issue (under Sections 29 and 38 of this Act) for an individual for the purposes of research or private study. SUBSCRIPTIONS In 2013 Journal of the Royal Society Interface (ISSN 1742-5689) will be published monthly, with twelve issues a year. Full details of subscriptions may be obtained either by contacting our journal fulfilment agent, Portland Customer Services, Commerce Way, Colchester CO2 8HP; tel: +44 (0)1206 796351; fax: +44 (0)1206 799331; email: [email protected] or by visiting our website at royal societypublishing/info/subscriptions. From 2008 personal subscriptions are available for this journal – see prices. Full ordering information can be obtained from Portland Customer Services. These rates apply to bona fide individual use only. They must be paid by personal cheque or credit card, and orders cannot be delivered to an institutional address. The Royal Society is Registered Charity No 207043. Articles Articles are contributions up to 8000 words containing original scientific research. Subscription prices 2013 UK, Europe and RoW Europe USA, Canada & RoW Institutional – online only £1404 €1825 US$2611 Institutional – combined online with print £1965 €2555 US$3655 Personal £176 €228 US$333 Typeset in India by Techset Composition Limited, Salisbury, UK. Printed by Latimer Trend, Plymouth. This paper meets the requirements of ISO 9706:1994(E) and ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) effective with volume 1, issue 1, 2004. Journal of the Royal Society Interface (ISSN No: 1742-5689) is published monthly for US$3655 per year by the Royal Society, and is distributed in the USA by Agent named Air Business, C/O Worldnet Shipping USA Inc., 149-35 177th Street, Jamaica, New York, NY11434, USA. US Postmaster: Send address changes to Royal Society Interface, C/O Air Business Ltd, C/O Worldnet Shipping USA Inc, 149-35 177th Street Jamaica, New York, NY11414. Our mission: to expand knowledge and further the role of science and engineering in making the world a better place. The Royal Society’s strategic priorities are to: • invest in future scientific leaders and in • • • • innovation, influence policymaking with the best scientific advice, invigorate science and mathematics education, increase access to the best science internationally, and inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery. Topics Interface welcomes articles on a diverse range of topics including, but not limited to . biocomplexity . biophysics . biocomputation . chemical biology . bioengineering . medical physics . bioinformatics . synthetic biology . biomaterials . systems biology . biomechanics . theoretical biology . bionanoscience . tissue engineering Conditions of publication Papers must not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere. The Editor has final authority in all matters relating to publication. Electronic submission details The Royal Society’s electronic-submission and peer-review service provides Interface authors with the facility to submit their papers online. The service allows you to upload files in a reliable and userfriendly way, using a Web-based system. When your paper is received, an immediate acknowledgement is sent that details how you can track your contribution online. Visit rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org for further details. For further information on the Society’s activities, please contact the following departments on the extensions listed by dialling +44 (0)20 7839 5561, or visit the Society’s Web site (royalsociety.org). Research Support (UK grants and fellowships) Research Appointments (Fellowships): 2542 Research Grants: 2223 International travel Grants: 2555 Newton International Fellowships: 2559 Science Policy Centre General enquiries: 2550 Science Communication General enquiries: 2573 Library and Information Services Library/archive enquiries: 2606 Cover image: Ice crystal formation in solutions of ice-binding proteins. Some of the shapes were formed during growth while others during melting. The clear difference in the ice-shaping mechanisms of moderate and hyperactive antifreeze proteins has implications both for the understanding of antifreeze protein interactions with ice and for their potential use. (See pages 3249–3259; image courtesy of Maya Bar-Dolev.)