Welcome
to
Anatomy and Physiology Honors
You are expected to know information from previous courses concerning the cell. You will be tested over the
material from the following worksheets the second week of school. You should know the cell organelles and
their functions, details of the plasma membrane, cellular communication, and cellular reproduction (mitosis and
meiosis).
You are a cellular being, if you do not understand the cell how can you truly understand human physiology.
Here are two worksheets you should do to prepare for the test on week two of 2015-2016. We will spend one
week reviewing this material and going deeper into the topic. You will find that I have high expectations. If you
want to be competitive in college and continue your education in the medical field you should be willing to
work hard. Remember, what doesn’t kill us makes us stronger.
Here are some helpful websites:
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cells/intro.html
http://sites.stedwards.edu/educationportfolios-jsvobod/files/2012/12/Cellular-Physiology-membrane-transportNotes-25sr0rq.pdf
http://facweb.northseattle.edu/jdahms/Fall07/Lectures/Lecture 3b - Organelles, mitosis, central dogma.pdf
Anatomy is awesome and we will have a great year.
Live, Learn, Laugh, Make A Difference In Life!!!!!!!!!!!!
Ms. Murphree
Cell membrane and Transport Review Sheet
Define the term in your own words- Be concise
Cell membrane
Diffusion
Concentration gradient
Solute
Solvent
Osmotic pressure
Isotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
Hypotonic solution
Plasmolysis
Turgor pressure
Facilitated transport
Crenation
Active transport
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Exocytosis
Glycolipid
Fluid Mosaic Model
Part B - Short Answers
1. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from the area of __________________concentration to the area of
__________________concentration.
2. Osmosis is the movement of __________________across a selectively permeable membrane.
3. A cell is isotonic to a solution of 0.01% sugar.
a. What concentration would be hypertonic?
b. What concentration would be hypotonic?
4. List 3 ways in which active transport differs from the process of diffusion across a cell membrane.
5. List 2 ways in which facilitated transport differs from active transport.
6. Within each of the three pairs, choose the more concentrated solution:
a. 80% water, 20% starch
a. 5 g NaCl, 50 g water
a. 85% solvent, 15% solute
b. 90% water, 10% starch
b. 5 g NaCl, 25 g water
b. 75% solvent, 25% solute
7. Consider the following information; you have a container divided by a semipermeable membrane that is impermeable
to protein.
Side A
20% Protein
4% Glucose
75% water
Side B
2% Glucose
98% Water membrane
a) Will the concentration of water stay the same on side A or become greater or less with time? ___________
b) Will the concentration of protein on side A stay the same or become greater or less with time? _______
c) Glucose will cross the membrane in which direction? __________________
d) On which side will the hydrostatic pressure increase? __________________
e) What will happen to the level of the solution on each side? ____________________________________ ___
Answer true or false:
8.
If a red blood cell is placed in distilled water, it will shrink
9.
If a red blood cell is placed in a salt solution, salt will enter the cells, giving them a strange appearance
10.
Crenation is to plasmolysis as hemolysis is to turgor pressure
11.
A small lipid molecule passes easily through the cell membrane. Which of these statements is the most likely
explanation? a) a protein carrier must be at work b) the cell membrane is partly composed of lipid molecules c) the
cell is expending energy to do this d) phagocytosis has enclosed this molecule in a vacuole
12.
Which of these does not require an expenditure of energy? a) diffusion b) osmosis c) facilitated transport d) none
of these require energy
13. Cell drinking is synonymous with a) cell eating b) endocytosis c) phagocytosis d) pinocytosis
14.
If a cell uses active transport to take in salts, then osmosis will follow and water will enter the cell a) true b) false
15.
Which of the following substances would be taken into a cell by phagocytosis? a) dissolved gases b) proteins c)
simple sugars d) steroid lipids
16.
An animal cell will always take in water when placed in a a) hypertonic solution b) hypotonic solution c) isotonic
solution d) osmotic solution
17.
The thyroid gland contains a high concentration of iodine. This is an example of a) passive transport b) active
transport c) facilitated transport d) endocytosis
Complete the table
a. Where does it occur in
membrane?
b. Does it require transport
protein?
c. Does it require input of
energy?
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
18. Draw a diagram of the three main ways by which small molecules can enter cells. As an aid in distinguishing the
three mechanisms, indicate the number of molecules on either side of the membrane.
19. An experiment is designed to study the mechanism of sucrose uptake by plant cells. Cells are immersed in a
sucrose solution, and the pH of this surrounding solution is monitored with a pH meter. The measurements show
that sucrose uptake by the plant cells raises the pH of the surrounding solution. The magnitude of the pH change
is proportional to the starting concentration of sucrose in the extracellular solution. A metabolic poison that blocks
the ability of the cells to regenerate ATP also inhibits the pH change in the surrounding solution. Explain these
results.
20.
If our cells and body fluids are hypertonic to the water of a swimming pool, then why do we not swell and pop
when we go for a swim?
A & P Cells
Worksheet
1.
cells a. 2.
cell membrane b. 3.
nucleus and out perform various cellular activities such as protein synthesis, metabolism, and cellular reproduction control of cellular activities; contains the genetic material of the cell c. control movement of substances into of the cell; allows the cell to respond to certain stimuli d. the smallest living units 4.
various cytoplasmic organelles 5.
What are cells called that lack a nucleus? ____________________ 6.
Cellular organelles are located within the _____________________. (no, not cell) 7.
Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is false? a. An intact cell membrane is essential to the life of the cell b. The cell membrane is composed of phospholipids and proteins c. The cell membrane does not participate in chemical reactions d. The cell membrane is selectively permeable True or False The cell membrane is essential to the ability to receive and respond to messages. 8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
What characteristic of the cell membrane makes it impermeable to such substances as water, amino acids, and sugars? a. An intercellular matrix that makes it difficult for water-‐soluble substances to get close to the cell membrane b. The phosphate groups that form the outermost and innermost layers of the cell membrane c. The fatty acid portions of phospholipids that make up the middle layer of the cell membrane d. The fibrous proteins that span the width of the cell membrane Which of the following substances on the cell membrane surface helps cells to recognize and bind to each other as well as recognizing “non-‐self” substances such as bacteria? a. Proteins b. cholesterol c. glycerol d. glycoproteins Water-‐soluble substances such as ions cross the cell membrane via a. Active transport mechanisms b. Protein channels c. Carrier mechanisms d. phagocytosis Receptors on the cell membrane are composed of a. Carbohydrates b. proteins c. fats d. triglycerides True or False Faulty ion channels can cause disease and sudden death. A class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension and angina affect which of the following transmembrane channels? a. Calcium b. sodium c. chloride d. potassium 15.
The intercellular junction characterized by tight fusion between cells to form sheet-‐like layers of cells is called a a. Tight junction b. desmosome c. gap junction 16.
Cell adhesion molecules are proteins that a. Provide the “glue” for cells to adhere to each other permanently b. Attract cells to an area in which they are needed c. Are part of a mechanism that allows cells to interact in a totally different manner than usual 17.
The blood-‐brain barrier shields brain cells from toxins by a. Stimulation of brain cells to secrete a special lipid to coat the cell membranes b. Modifications of the walls of capillaries in the brain c. Increasing the protein in the cell membrane of capillaries and brain cells d. Creating a fatty matrix in which brain cells are embedded 18.
The organelle that functions as a communication system for the cytoplasm is the ______________. 19.
The chemical activity in the endoplasmic reticulum results in a. Synthesis of proteins b. Dissemination of amino acids c. Oxidation of glucose d. Synthesis of lipid molecules 20.
Which of the following statements about ribosomes is false? a. They are part of the rough ER b. They are made up of protein and RNA c. They secrete proteins used as enzymes d. Their products are utilized only within the cell 21.
The secretion of the Golgi apparatus is ________________. 22.
The mitochondria are also called the _________________ of the cells. 23.
Which organelle(s) is/are most likely to be of interest to evolutionary biologists? a. Nucleolus b. cell membrane c. lysosome d. mitochondria 24.
What is/are the function(s) of the enzymes of the lysosome? a. Control cell reproduction b. Digest bacteria and damaged cell parts c. Release energy from its storage place within the cell d. Control of Krebs cycle 25.
In what body cells are peroxisomes commonly found? a. Liver b. heart c. kidney d. CNS 26.
27.
A membranous sac formed when the cell membrane folds inward and pinches off is a _______________. 28.
What organ controls protein synthesis? ___________________ 29.
What process allows the movement of gases and ions from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower Thin, threadlike structures found within the cytoplasm of the cell are called ___________________. concentration until equilibrium has been achieved? ____________________ 30.
What process moves substances through the cell membrane by a carrier molecule? _________________ 31.
What process which water moves across a semi-‐permeable membrane from areas of low concentration of solute to areas of higher concentration is called ______________. 32.
Define: a. Hypertonic b. Hypotonic c.
Isotonic 33.
The process by which cells engulf liquid molecules by creating a vesicles is called _______________. 34.
A process that allows cells to take in molecules of solids by surrounding them to create a vesicle is called ___________________. 35.
The process by which specific kinds of particles are moved through the cell membrane even when a substance is present only in very small concentrations is called _____________ ___________ _____________. 36.
The selective and rapid transport of a substance from one end of a cell to the other is known as ___________________. 37.
The process that ensures duplication of DNA molecules during cell reproduction is ________________. 38.
Matching 1. microtubules shorten & pull chromosomes toward centrioles 2. chromatin forms chromosomes; nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear a. prophase b. metaphase 3. chromosomes elongate, & nuclear membranes form around each chromosome set c. anaphase 4. chromosomes b/c arranged midway b/t centrioles; duplicate parts separated d. telophase 39.
The period of cell growth and duplication of cell parts is called _________________. 40.
The process by which cells develop unique characteristics in structure and function is called ________________. 41.
True or False Different cells in the human body reproduce themselves according to limits that seem inherent to cell type. Identify the following cells using A if they reproduce continually throughout life, B if they reproduce when an injury occurs, and C if they do not reproduce. a. Skin b. Liver c. Blood-‐forming cells d. Nerve cells e. Intestinal lining What occurs in the cell cycle in the case of cancer? 42.
43.
Go to the following website, print out the worksheet and complete it. http://sites.jackson.k12.ga.us/egunderson/files/2014/04/Cell-‐Cycle-‐Worksheet.pdf