Fleshy fruit types
Fruit Types Fleshy fruit types Berry Back to fruit types menu Drupe Pome Click on a fruit type for more information. Main menu Fruit Types Berry A berry is a simple, indehiscent fruit derived from a single, compound pistil. The outer pericarp has a distinct outer skin (exocarp) and the flesh (mesocarp) is usually fleshy. Kiwi (Actinidia) Back to fruit types menu Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry Depending on the texture of the outer pericarp (skin) and whether the inner fruit is fleshy or dry, berries can be separated into four distinct groups. Tomato (Solanum) Orange (Citrus) Squash (Cucurbita) Bacca Hesperidium Pepo Thin outer pericarp; inner fleshy. Thick outer pericarp; inner fleshy with many segments. Thick leathery outer pericarp; inner fleshy without segments. Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Cannon ball tree (Couroupita ) Amphisarcum Thin hard outer pericarp; inner not fleshy. Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Bacca A bacca is a true berry with fleshy fruit containing many seeds where the entire pericarp is soft. The pericarp consists of three layers, the outer exocarp (also called the epicarp), middle fleshy mesocarp (also called sarcocarp), and inner endocarp. In berries, the endocarp may not be distinct from the mesocarp. Seed Mesocarp Exocarp Persimmon (Diospyros) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Bacca Grapes produce a cluster of berries. Seeds Exocarp Mesocarp Grape (Vitis) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Exocarp Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Bacca Although tomatoes are often thought of as a vegetable, the fruits are berries. Seeds Mesocarp Tomato (Solanum) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Bacca Tomatillo is a berry wrapped in a papery husk formed from the calyx (sepals). Husk Mesocarp Exocarp Seeds Exocarp Tomatillo (Physalis) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Bacca Cacti produce berries with many small seeds. Dragon fruit (Hylocereus ) Cereus Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Mammalaria Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Hesperidium A hesperidium is a specialized berry with a leathery outer rind (exocarp). It is the common fruit type in Citrus. Orange Lemon Citron (Citrus ) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Hesperidium In Citrus, the leathery outer rind is the exocarp (also flavedo). Exocarp Mesocarp Just under the exocarp is a spongy middle mesocarp layer (also albedo). Segment The inner edible portion of the fruit is composed of juice sacs (vesicles) that are actually hairs that form on the inner part of the ovary. The fruit is septate with each segment representing a separate carpel within the ovary. Back to fruit types menu Back Next Septa Juice vesicles Seeds Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Hesperidium There is a mutation in Citrus called ‘Buddha's Hand’ that nicely shows that a Citrus fruit is composed of fused carpels. The carpels in ‘Buddha’s Hand’ do not completely fuse resulting in finger-like growths in the fruit each representing a single carpel or segment. Fused carpels Individual carpels Carpel Ovary Ovary Buddha's Hand Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Carpel Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Pepo A pepo is also a specialized berry with a leathery outer covering (exocarp) at maturity. It is common in the cucurbit family (Cucurbitaceae). It differs from a hesperidium because it lacks obvious septate carpels. Exocarp Mesocarp Exocarp Seeds Winter squash (Cucurbita) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Pepo Pumpkins produce the largest fruits of all plants. In competitions held around the world, the largest pumpkin weighed in at over 1,500 pounds. Pumpkins (Cucurbita) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Pepo Pepos can also be found outside the cucurbit family and include papaya, passion fruit and banana. Papaya (Carica) Back to fruit types menu Passion fruit (Passiflora) Back Next Banana (Musa) Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Amphisarcum An amphisarcum is a relatively new term to describe fleshy indehiscent fruits that are berry-like, but have a dry outer pericarp layer and firm inner flesh. Gourds are a good example of this type of fruit. Gourd (Lagenaria) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Berry - Amphisarcum Other plants with this fruit type include the cannonball tree, sausage tree, and baobab. These large fruits tend to open as they crash to the ground under their own weight. Cannonball tree (Couroupita ) Back to fruit types menu Back Sausage tree (Kigelia ) Baobab (Adansonia) Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Drupe A drupe is usually a single-seeded, fleshy fruit with a thin outer skin (exocarp or epicarp), a soft fleshy mesocarp and a hard endocarp. In members of the rose family (Rosaceae) like cherry and plum, the endocarp is called a stone. Exocarp Mesocarp Endocarp Apricot (Prunus) Back to fruit types menu Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Drupe Inside the stony endocarp is the seed. The endocarp takes over the protective function usually performed by the seed coat. Endocarp Seed Plum (Prunus) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Drupe Dogwood fruit is a drupe. The exocarp is bright red, mesocarp fleshy and the endocarp hard and stony. In nature, the drupe’s soft parts decompose, but the endocarp remains and the true seed must germinate through the hard endocarp. Flowering dogwood (Cornus) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Drupe Drupes are a common fruit type that occurs across diverse plant families. Olive is in the Oleaceae, pepper in the Piperaceae, and mango in the Anacardiaceae. Pepper (Piper) Olive (Olea) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Mango (Mangifera) Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Drupe Usually a drupe contains only a single seed. However, there are example where there are numerous seeds within a drupe as occurs in holly. In these cases, the single, nut-like seeds in the drupe are called pyrenes. Pyrenes Holly (Ilex) produces three pyrenes per drupe. Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Drupe Coffee fruits (often referred to as “cherries”) are botanically drupes containing two pyrenes (“beans”). Coffee arabica Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Drupe There are a number of drupe-like fruits that vary from the classic definition of a drupe because their mesocarp is not fleshy. A newer term used to describe this type of fruit is a nuculanium. Exocarp Endocarp Seed Almond (Prunus amygdalum) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Drupe Coconut is also an example of a nuculanium. In coconut, the exocarp and mesocarp are resistant to salt water allowing water dispersal of coconut fruits. Exocarp Exocarp Mesocarp Endocarp Seed Seed coat Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Back to fruit types menu Back Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Pome A pome is a fleshy fruit where the inner fruit and seeds (inside the papery endocarp) is surrounded by modified floral tube tissue (from the hypanthium) that grows to cover the botanical fruit. It is found in some members of the rose family (Rosaceae) like apple, pear and quince. Technically, a pome is also considered an accessory fruit because it includes floral tissue in fruit development. Floral tube tissue Seeds Carpel tissue Remnant flower tissue Apple (Malus) Back to fruit types menu Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Pome Pear shows a similar arrangement of fruit parts to apple. Floral tube tissue Seed Carpel tissue (endocarp) Remnant flower tissue Pear (Pyrus) Back to fruit types menu Back Next Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu Fruit Types Pome In the partially matured quince fruit you can readily see the that the fruit develops from the floral tube (hypanthium) formed below the sepals (calyx). Floral tube tissue Sepals Stamens Flowering quince (Chaenomoles) Back to fruit types menu Back Back to fleshy fruit menu Main menu
© Copyright 2024