Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History
Hogara Matsumoto The Battle of Miners’ Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History Ⅳ㖔ፉ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ΅̿̿ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࠊࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࠊປാࡢṔྐ Hogara Matsumoto* SUMMARY: This paper aims at examining Hula Girls (2006), a Japanese film that depicts the 1966 opening of the Joban Hawaiian Center, from the viewpoints of nationality and gender, thereby illuminating the film’s ambivalent representation of the problematic relationships between (i) the country and the city, (ii) the residual mining industry and the emergent leisure industry, and (iii) the local, domestic industry and global (American) capitalism. The figures of the Hula Girls, the local girls who receive short-term, intensive training to become professional dancers for the Center, symbolize how Joban Mines Company, rebranding itself using a feminine image, attempts to counter the force of global capitalism and sell the local “resources” anew. The way the Hula Girls work, however, also shows the disturbing problems of “emotional labor” and gender injustice within the deep structures of capitalist society. Hula Girls, in summary, while celebrating the rebirth of the Joban Mines Area and a new cultural identity attained by the Girls, at the same time critically represents the transformation of labor from a feminist perspective. ᯇᮏࠉᮁࠉAssociate Professor, Department of English Literature, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan. 25 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History 40 ᖺ㸦1965 ᖺ㸧๓ᚋࡢᖖ☬Ⅳ㖔ࡢ⤒Ⴀᝏࡽᖖ☬ࣁ࣡ ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࡲ࡛ࢆᐇヰࢆᇶᥥࡃᫎ⏬ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ 㸦2006 ᖺ㸧ࡣࠊᏱ㔝ᖖᐶⴭࠗࢮࣟᖺ௦ࡢീຊ࠘ࡼࢀࡤࠊ ࠗALWAYS ୕ ┠ࡢኤ᪥࠘㸦2005 ᖺ㸧ࡸࠗኤฑࡢ⾤ᱜࡢᅜ࠘㸦2007 ᖺ㸧࡞ࠊ2000 ᖺ௦ぢࡽࢀࡓࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮ࣈ࣮࣒ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᫎീᩥࡢࢸࢡࢫ ࢺࡀྵࡴࠕᏳ③࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ࠕ࢚ࢵࢭࣥࢫࠖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿసရࡔ ࠸࠺㸦Ᏹ㔝 326-27㸧 ࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊ2000 ᖺ௦ࡣࠊࡢ㧗ᗘ ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ᮇ࠸࠺୍✀ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ㑇 ⏘ࡢຌ⨥ࡀࠊ⾗ࡼࡗ࡚ᚤ ⓗ ᾘ㈝ࡉࢀࡿ࢚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢸ࣓ࣥࣥࢺࡋ࡚ၟရࡉࢀࠊࢀࡓࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡶࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ ࠺ࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ1990 ᖺ௦௨㝆ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ࣏ࢫࢺ෭ᡓ ᮇࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ᩥ≧ἣࡀ 2001 ᖺ௨㝆ࡉࡽຍ㏿ࡋࠊࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻ ࡀୡ⏺୰࡛ࡲࡍࡲࡍᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ຊࢆ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ୰ࠊᏑ❧ࢆ⬣ࡉ ࢀࡓ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬⏘ᴗࡢ࿘㎶࡛ࡣࠕ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࠖࡣ࠺࠶ࡿࡁࢆࡵࡄࡗ ࡚㆟ㄽࡀጞࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ1 ୖグ࡛ࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮ᫎ⏬୍ᣓ ࡾࡉࢀࡿᫎ⏬ࡶ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ〇సᙧែࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᭱㏆ࡢ ◊✲࡛᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪥ᮏᫎ⏬⏘ᴗࡢṔྐࡢ୰ 㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡿࡁࠊࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡣࠊ༢࡞ࡿࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮ᫎ⏬ ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠊ」㞧࡞ࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺࡋ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋᮏ ㄽࡣࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢸࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢほⅬࡽࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࢆศ ᯒࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀࠊࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ⏘ ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚᐜࢆࠊ⏨ᛶ୰ᚰࡢⅣ㖔ປാ㸦➨୍ḟ⏘ᴗ㸧ࡽዪᛶ୰ᚰ ࡢືປാ㸦➨୕ḟ⏘ᴗ㸧ࡢኚᐜ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛࣓ࢱࣇ࢛ࣜ࢝ࣝά ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡇࡢࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡣࠊࡑ ࠺ࡋࡓ௦ࡢኚࢆ⾲ࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡔࡅ ࡢࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࡣࠊࡶ࠺୍᪉࡛ࠊⅣ 㖔ປാ⪅ࡸືປാ⪅ࡢࠑᒃሙᡤࡢ࡞ࡉࠒࡸࠑ⛣ືᛶࠒࢆࣁ࣡ࡢ ᅵ╔ࡢᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࣇࣛࢲࣥࢫࡢࠑ᐀ᩍᛶࠒ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᪥ᮏࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸࣁ࣡࠸ࡗࡓ␗࡞ࡿ✵㛫΅ࡍࡿࠊΰΆⓗ࡞ ✵㛫࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࣀࢫ ࢱࣝࢪ࣮ᫎ⏬࠸࠺ࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆ⪃ࡍࡿࡇࡀᮏㄽࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞┠ⓗ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣊ࣜࢸ࣮ࢪ 26 Hogara Matsumoto ᵏᵌᴾᵐᵎᵎᵎ ࠰ˊỉଐஜପဒငಅỉཞඞ ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࡢࢫࢱࢪ࣭࢜ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ᭱┒ᮇࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡢࡣ 1930 ᖺ௦ ࡽ 1940 ᖺ௦ࡅ࡚ࡔࡀࠊ㏆ᖺࡢࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࡀࡶࡣࡸᙜࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞⣧⢋࡞ᫎ⏬〇స㞟ᅋ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㔠⼥ࡸ࣓ࢹ㛵ಀࡢᴗࡀཧ⏬ࡍ ࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥࣥࢢ࣐ࣟࣜࢵࢺࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊࣥࢺࢽ࣭࢜ࢿࢢ࣐ࣜ ࢣ࣭ࣝࣁ࣮ࢺࡀࠗ ࠑᖇᅜࠒ ࡛࠘ㄽࡌࡿࠑᖇᅜ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠒࢆࡲࡉయ⌧ࡍ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊከᅜ⡠ࡢᴗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡽᡂࡿ࣓ࢹᖇᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡣ⌧ᅾࡢᫎ⏬◊✲ࡢᖖ㆑࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ࡇࢀࡣ༢ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻᫎ ⏬ࡀୡ⏺୰࡛┈ࢆ࠶ࡆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ᐇࢆ♧ࡍࡲࡽ࡞ ࠸ࠋྛᅜࡢ㓄⤥♫ࢆചୗࡵ࡚ᾏእ࡛ࡢᫎ⏬ࡢ㓄⤥ࡢᐇᶒࢆᥱࡗ ࡓࡾࠊDVD ࡸࢢࢵࢬ㈍ࡼࡗ࡚㔜୕㔜┈⋓ᚓࢆ≺ࡗࡓࡾࡍ ࡿࡢࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇࠊࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࡣࠊไస㠃࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᾏእᙳ ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠕእᅜࡢேᮦᾏእᙳࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿ㐀ⓗ࡞ᕪ␗ Ᏻ࠸ປാຊࢆᦢྲྀࠖ㸦ࢸࢷ࢝160; Miller et al. 216㸧ࡋ࡚ࠊࠑᖇᅜࠒⓗ ໃຊࢆᣑࡋࡘ࡙ࡅࡿࠊࡲࡉ≀ⓗᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ3 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᩥᏐ㏻ࡾᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࣜ࢝ᆺᴗᩥ ࡋ࡚ࡢࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࡀୡ⏺୰ࢆそ࠺⌧௦ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ≧ἣࢆ ཷࡅ࡚ࠊྛᅜ࡛ࡣྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࢠࣜࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ ᫎ⏬ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ⏬㛤Ⓨᑐࡍࡿ㈨㔠ຓᡂࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ᕷሙ࡛ ࡢ➇தຊࡀ㧗࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿᫎ⏬ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㈨㔠ຓᡂ➼ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓ ࡵࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ⤌⧊ࢆᨵ⦅ࡋࡓ᪂⤌⧊ UK ࣇ࣒࣭ࣝ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ㸦ⱥᅜ ᫎ⏬ホ㆟㸧ࡀ 2000 ᖺタ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ἑᓥ 22-24㸧 ࠋ㝣࣮ࣚࣟࢵ ࣃㅖᅜ࡛ࡶࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᨻᗓࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫᫎ⏬ࡢಖㆤⓎᒎࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ ᩥᨻ⟇ࢆ✚ᴟⓗᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ᭷ྡࡔࡀ㸦Ἑᓥ 6㸧 ࠊࡑࢀࡔ ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊྛᅜࡀඹྠ〇స༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡧࠊ⮬ᅜࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ༠ᐃᅜࡶ ຓᡂ㔠ࢆฟࡍࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ࡞㸦ᇼ㉺ 53-55㸧 ࠊ㈨㔠ࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ ࡢ୧㠃࡛༠ྠࡋ࡚ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻᑐᢠࡋࡼ࠺ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ 2000 ᖺ௨ 㝆㢧ⴭぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᫎ⏬⏘ᴗࡢ≧ἣࡣ࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ᨻᗓࡼࡿຓᡂ㔠ไᗘࡣሙᙜࡓࡾⓗ࡛ᐇ㉁ⓗᫎ⏬〇స⯆ࡢᙺࢆ ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸦ᑎ⬥70ᇼ㉺53㸧ࠊᩥᗇࡼࡗ࡚ 2003 ᖺฟࡉ ࢀࡓᥦゝࡶࢇࡀᮍᐇࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡋ࠸㸦ᑎ ⬥ 73-82㸧 ࠋᨻᗓࡼࡿຓࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࢆ㋃ࡲ ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᅄ᪉⏣≟ᙪࡀ♧ࡍ⡆␎࡞ぢྲྀࡾᅗࢆཧ⪃ᴫ␎ ࢆᢕᥱࡋࡼ࠺ࠋᅄ᪉⏣ࡼࡿࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬⏘ᴗࡢไస㠃࠾ࡅࡿᙉᅛ 27 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History ࡞ᙳᡤయไࡣ 1960 ᖺ๓ᚋ᭱┒ᮇࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣ⯆⾜ ධࡢ⃭ῶࡼࡾ⾶㏥ࡋጞࡵࠊ80 ᖺ௦ࡣᙳᡤయไࡣࡰᶵ⬟Ṇࠊ 2000 ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢไస㓄⤥ࡢయไࡣࡰࡍ࡚ゎయࡋࡓ ࡽࡋ࠸㸦ᅄ᪉⏣9-11㸧ࠋ2000 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ㡭࡞ࡿࠊࡦࡘࡢᫎ⏬♫ࡀไసࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ࠸ࡗࡓ ែࡣࠊ∾ḷⓗ࡞᫇㐲ࡢ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋ᪂సࣇ࣒ࣝࡢ୕ศࡢ ࡣ㈨㔠㠃࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡧࡈ❧ࡕୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࠕไసጤဨ ࠖ⛠ࡍࡿ」ᩘࡢฟ㈨♫ࡼࡗ࡚ᢸࢃࢀࡿࡇ࠸ࡓࡗࡓࠋ ไసጤဨࡣฟ∧♫ࠊ᪂⪺♫ࠊᗈ࿌♫ࠊⱁ⬟ࣉࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥ ࠸ࡗࡓୖሙᴗࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᑟᶒࢆᥱࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢࡣ TV ᒁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣఱࡼࡾࡶ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࢆ᭱ඃඛࡋࠊ ࣓ࢹࡢᇦࢃࡓࡗ࡚つᶍ࡞ᐉఏࢆ⧞ࡾᗈࡆࡿࡇ࡛☜ ᐇ࡞┈ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࠋᾘ㈝⪅࡛࠶ࡿほᐈࡢせồࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓሗ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࡲࡎฟ㈨⪅ࡀࡧ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࠊసရࡢእᯟࡀỴࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⬮ᮏᐙತඃࡀỴࡲࡾࠊ᭱ᚋ┘╩ࡀࡧᐤࡏࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡣࡸ ไస⪅ࡀ⏬ࢆࠕ❧࡚ࡿࠖࡇࡣ⛥᭷࡞௳࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⏬ࡣࢽ࣮ ࢬᛂࡌ࡚ࠕ᥈ࡍࠖࡶࡢࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ᅄ᪉⏣ 11-12㸧 ࠺ࡸࡽ᪥ᮏ∧࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥࣥࢢ࣐ࣟࣜࢵࢺࡣࠊTV ᒁࡢど⫈⋡⮳ ୖ⩏ࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖᫎ⏬〇సࢆ⨨࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᶍᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ⌮ᛕ࡞ࡁᫎ⏬ไసࡢ≧ἣࢆ៧៖ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ㛗ᖺసᐙ⩏ⓗほⅬࡽᫎ ⏬◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᫎ⏬◊✲⪅ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ 1980 ᖺ௦ࠊ90 ᖺ௦ࡢ࣑ࢽࢩࢱ࣮ᩥࢆ≌ᘬࡋࠊࡲࡓࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡸࠗࣃࢵࢳࢠ㸟࠘ 㸦2005 ᖺ㸧ࡢ〇సᦠࢃࡗࡓᮤ㬅Ᏹࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᫎ⏬⏘ᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ〇 సጤဨ᪉ᘧࡼࡗ࡚ฟ㈨ࡋࡓ♫ࡀඈࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡍᫎ⏬ࡀࠕෆ ྥࡅࡔࡅ ࡘࡃࡽࢀᾘ㈝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠖ≧ἣࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ ཝࡋࡃᢈุࡍࡿ㸦ᮤࠕ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ⌧ᅾࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠖ41-45、52-53㸧 ࠋ ⓶⫗ࡶࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢἼࢆཷࡅࡓ᪥ᮏࡀ♧ࡋࡓᛂࡣࠑෆ ྥࡁᚿྥࠒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮ࣈ࣮࣒ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾗ཷࡅ ࡍࡿ⏬⧅ࡀࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏㄽ࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ᮤࡀᬯゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ〇స ጤဨ᪉ᘧ࡛〇సࡉࢀࡓࠗALWAYS ୕┠ࡢኤ᪥࡛࠘࠶ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᮤࡣࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡸࠗࣃࢵࢳࢠ㸟࠘ࢆࡇࢀࡣ༊ูࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡸࠗࣃࢵࢳࢠ㸟࠘ࡶࡲࡓࢆタᐃ ࡾ 28 ࡰ ࢇ ࠺ Hogara Matsumoto ࡋࠊඃࢀࡓ⯆⾜ᡂ⦼ࢆᣲࡆࡓᫎ⏬࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊᮤࡣࠊࢸࣞࣅᒁ ᑟࡢ〇సጤဨ᪉ᘧࡢᫎ⏬ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕᡃࠎࣥࢹ࣌ࣥࢹࣥࢺࡣ ࡶࡗ⊂⮬Ⰽࢆ㩭᫂ฟࡍࡁࠖ 㸦ᮤࠕࣥࢹ࣌ࣥࢹࣥࢺ⣔ᫎ⏬ ♫ࡢᣢࡘࡁ࡞ᙺࠖ56㸧ࠊ୪ࠎ࡞ࡽࡠ▪ᜄࠊᚋ㐍ࡢᫎ⏬ไస⪅ ࡸほᐈࢆ⫱࡚ࡿពᅗࢆᣢࡗ࡚㏙ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊᫎ⏬ࢆࠕ♫ᩥᏛࡢ᭱ ࡓࡿࡶࡢࠖゝ࠸ษࡿᮤࡣ㸦ࡑࢀࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពࢆᣢࡘࡢࡣࡉ࡚ ࠾ࡁ㸧 ࠊᅾ᪥ࢥࣜࣥ࠸࠺⮬㌟ࡢฟ⮬ゝཬࡋࡘࡘࠊ ࠕᅾ᪥࠸࠺Ꮡ ᅾࡣ᪥ᮏ♫ࢆ࠶ࡿಠ▔࡛ぢࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࠊᐈほᛶࡢࡶぢࢀࡿ ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ㸦ᮤࠕ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ⌧ᅾࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠖ39㸧 ㏙ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓほⅬࡽࠊ♫ࡼࡗ࡚࿘⦕ࡉࢀࡓᏑᅾගࢆᙜ࡚ ࡿᫎ⏬ࢆసࡿࡇࡢ㔜せᛶࢆッ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏㄽࡣࠊ〇స⪅ࡸ┘╩ࡢฟ⮬ࡀࡑࡢᫎ⏬ࡢෆᐜỴᐃⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᮤࡢゝⴥࡽࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ ࡶࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡀࠊಖᏲⓗ࡞ᚰᛶࡽࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮ࣈ࣮࣒౽ ࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛సࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡸࠊ᪥ᮏ࠸࠺ᅜࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢸࡸࠑ᪥ ᮏᫎ⏬ࠒࡢᴫᛕ 5 ࢆ㛢ࡌࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ീ㸭㐀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢࠑ᪥ᮏⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠒࢆᐈほⓗࡘᢈホⓗᤕᤊࡍࡿ ࡇࢆヨࡳࡿᫎ⏬࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭱ ㏆࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࢆࢪࡢ㛵ಀࡽᤊ࠼┤ࡍࡇࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ ᙇࡍࡿㄽ⪃ࡸࠊࢪྛᅜࡢᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓᫎ⏬〇సࠊᫎ⏬◊✲ࡢ ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㏙ࡿㄽ⪃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿࠊ6ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࢆࠊࣀࢫࢱ ࣝࢪ࣮ࣈ࣮࣒ࡢၟရࡣ␗࡞ࡿࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺࡋ࡚ゎ㔘ࡍࡿ వᆅࡣ༑ศ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࢆࢼࢩࣙ ࢼࣜࢸࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢほⅬࡽศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᫎ⏬ࡀ ᭷ࡍࡿᢈホᛶࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࢺ ࣛ ࣥ ࢫ ࢼ ࢩ ࣙ ࢼ ࣝ ࡞ ໗ᤸʴƱȢȀȳǬȸȫÜÜƀȕȩǬȸȫƁƴƓƚǔ ȊǷȧȊȪȆǣƱǸǧȳȀȸ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡢ≀ㄒࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࠊẚ㍑ⓗ༢⣧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖖ☬ᆅᖏࡢⅣ 㖔࠸࠺⏘ᴗ㠃࡛ࡢ⾜ࡁワࡲࡾࢆᢪ࠼ࡿᅵᆅࠊ᪂タணᐃࡢࣁ࣡ ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࡢ㣴ᡂࢆ┠ⓗࠊᮾிࡢᯇ➉ḷᅋ㸦SKD㸧࡛ ࣉࣟࡢࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓዪᛶࠊᖹᒣࡲ㸦ᯇ㞷ὈᏊ㸧ࡀᣍ⪸ࡉࢀ ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇࡢࠑࡼࡑ⪅ࠒࡢዪᛶࡀ㛢㙐ⓗ࡞⏣⯋ࡢඹྠయኚࢆࡶࡓ 29 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History ࡽࡋࠊᩍ࠼ࢆཷࡅࡓⅣ㖔ፉࡓࡕࡶ❧ὴ࡞ࣉࣟࡢࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࠊࠕࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ ࣝࠖࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀࢃࡗ࡚ࠊᖖ☬ࡢᆅࡢ⏕㈉⊩ࡍࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ ➽ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠑ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡢඹྠయࠒእ㒊ࡽࠑࡼࡑ⪅ࠒࡀࡸࡗ࡚᮶ ࡿ࠸࠺タᐃࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ㝈ࡽࡎⱥ⡿ࡢᩥᏛసရࡸᫎ⏬࡛ࡶࡼࡃࡳࡽࢀ ࡿࠋࡾࢃࡅࠊಖᏲⰍࡢᙉ࠸ዪᏊᰯ㉱௵ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࣔࢲࣥ࡞ዪᛶᩍᖌ ࠸࠺タᐃࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻฟ㌟ࡢዪᛶᑠㄝᐙ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣜࣝࢫࣃ࣮ ࢡࡢྠྡᑠㄝࢆཎసࡍࡿࠊ࣐ࢠ࣮࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫ₇ࡢ࣑ࠗࢫ࣭ࣈࣟࢹ ࡢ㟷࠘㸦The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, 1968㸧ࡸࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ࢆタᐃ ࡍࡿࢪ࣭ࣗࣜࣟࣂ࣮ࢶ₇ࡢࠗࣔࢼࣜࢨ࣭ࢫ࣐ࣝ࠘ 㸦Mona Lisa Smile, 2003㸧࡞ඛ⾜ࡀ」ᩘ࠶ࡿࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤናᰤࡢᑠ ㄝࢆཎసࡍࡿࠗ༑ᅄࡢ▖࠘㸦1954㸧ࡶࠊࡇࡢタᐃࡢኚዌ⪃࠼࡚ ࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᆺⓗ࡞ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣔࢲࣥ࡞ዪᛶᩍᖌࡣ ᭱⤊ⓗࡑࡢಖᏲⓗඹྠయࢆཤࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⏕ᚐᨭᣢࡉࢀ ࡞ࡀࡽࡶᙼዪࡀඹྠయࡽ㝖ࡉࢀࡿ⮳ࡗࡓ≧ἣࡀࠊே࡞ࡗࡓ ⏕ᚐࡢࠑ⌧ᅾࠒࡢどⅬࡽࡉࡉࡸ࡞③ࡳࡶᅇࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ Ⅼඹ㏻Ⅼࡀぢࡽࢀࠊࣔࢲࣥ࡞ዪᛶᩍᖌࡀ࿘ᅖࡢ㛫ᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡎ ࢀࡸ㌵㎚ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ௦ࢆṔྐࡍࡿ୰࡛ᾋࡧ࠶ࡀࡿࡅ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡣࠊࡇࡢ⣔㆕ࢆᘬࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ1965 ᖺࡢタᐃ 2006 ᖺࡢࠑ⌧ᅾࠒࢆ⤖ࡧ⌧௦ⓗ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆၥ࠺ࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊࡇࡢᫎ⏬࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ࠑ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡢඹྠయࠒࠑࡼࡑ⪅ࠒ ࡣࠊᑐ↷ⓗ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࠑ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ඹྠయࠒ࡛࠶ࡿ ᖖ☬ࡢⅣ㖔ࡣࠊᆅୗࡢ᥇᥀ሙࡸ▼ⅣࡢⰍࢆ㉳ࡉࡏࡿࡢࡼ࠺ⲔⰍ ࡸ㯮࡞ࡢᬯ࠸Ⰽ࠶࠸࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀࠊⅣ㖔ࡢேࠎࡶྠᵝࡢᬯ࠸Ⰽࡢ⾰᭹ ࢆ㌟ࡲࢃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊປാ⤌ྜࡢ㞟ྜ㒊ᒇࠕᅜᐙ⤒ ῭ࡢᘓᐤࠖࡢᶆㄒࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࠊ㇂ᕝ⣖⨾Ꮚ㸦ඃ㸧ࡢẕぶ ࡛㑅Ⅳ፬ࡋ࡚ാࡃ㇂ᕝ༓௦㸦ᐩྖ⣧Ꮚ㸧ࡀࠊᖖ☬Ⅳ㖔ࡣࠕኳⓚ㝎ୗ ࡲ࡛ࡈどᐹ࠸ࡽࡋࡓ࣐࡛ࣖࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕ࠺ࡕࡢ∗ࡕࡷࢇࠊ࠾ᅜࡢⅭࡔࡗ ࡚ᐷࡿ㛫ࡶᝰࡋࢇ࡛▼Ⅳ᥀ࡗ࡚ࠊ࣐ࣖࢇ୰࡛Ṛࢇࡔࠖࡾࢆࡇࡵ࡚ ㄒࡿ࠾ࡾࠊ㐣ཤ 100 ᖺᖖ☬Ⅳ㖔ࡀᅜᐙࡢⓎᒎࢆᨭ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡀ ᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿ୍㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ1962 ᖺࡢཎἜࡢ ㍺ධ⮬⏤ࡸ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㠉௨㝆ࠊ▼Ⅳࡣࠊࡼࡾຠ⋡ࡢ㧗࠸⇞ᩱ࡛࠶ ࡿ▼Ἔ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᙺࡢᗙࢆዣࢃࢀࠊᖖ☬Ⅳ㖔࡛ࡶ⤒Ⴀᝏࡼ ࡾ 2000 ྡࡢࠕྜ⌮ゎ㞠ࠖࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊⅣ㖔ࡣࠊ ௦ࡢኚᐜࡼࡗ࡚ᛴ㏿㐣ཤࡢ㑇≀ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊⅣ㖔ᆅᖏࡢ ࣓࣭ࣥࣉࣟࢵࢺ 4 4 30 Hogara Matsumoto ⲔⰍࡀࡗࡓ㢼ᬒࠊⅣ㖔ேࡀࡲ࠺ᬯ࠸ⰍᙬࠊⅣ㖔ፉࡢືࡁࡢ㕌㔜ࡉ ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᆅ᪉⨨ࡍࡿᖖ☬Ⅳ㖔ࡢᚋ㐍ᛶࡸ㛢ሰឤࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓⅣ㖔ࡢ㉥Ꮠࢆ⿵ሸࡋࠊⅣ㖔࡛ゎ㞠ࡉࢀࡓேဨࡢ୍㒊ࢆ㞠⏝ ࡍࡿࡃᏊ♫ࢆసࡗ࡚ᵓࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀࠕᖖ☬ࣁ࣡ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠖ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊ▼Ⅳࢆ᥀ࡾฟࡍ㝿㔞ࡃࡳฟࡉࢀᗫᲠ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ Ἠࢆほගᴗ⏝ࡋࠊ㉥Ꮠࡀቑࡍࡿᖖ☬Ⅳ㖔ࡢ㉳Ṛᅇ ⏕ࢆᅗࢁ࠺ࡢࡁ࡞㉃ࡅࡶゝ࠼ࡿヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᵓ⪅࡛࠶ࡿྜྷ ᮏ㒊㛗㸦ᓊ㒊୍ᚨ㸧ࡀୖ╔ࡢୗ㞃ࡍࡼ࠺╔ࡿⰍ㩭ࡸ࡞ࣟࣁࢩࣕ ࢶࡀࣁ࣡ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ᭱ࡶࡼ ࡃ⾲ࡍࡢࡣࣄࣟࣥࠊᖹᒣࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛␃ពࡍࡁࡣࠊ ࣁ࡛࣡ࢲࣥࢫࢆຮᙉࡋࡓ࠸࠺⤒Ṕࢆᣢࡕࠊࠕࣁ࣡ࡀࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ ᣦࡉࡉࢀࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊᖹᒣࡲ⮬㌟ࡣ୍ぢࣁ࣡ ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㛵ಀࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ ࡶࡋࣁ࣡ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆႏ㉳ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢே≀ࡣ࣒࣮ ࣒࣮ࢆ╔ࡏࡿࠊࡇࡢே≀ࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠕ࢝ࣞࢼࢽ᪩ᕝࠖ㏆ ࠸ᙺྡࢆࡘࡅࡿࡍࡿ᪉ࡀࡨࡓࡾࡃࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡔࡀࠊᫎ⏬࡛ࡣ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㑅ᢥࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊᖹᒣࡲࡣࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࡸ ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿ 60 ᖺ௦ࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝⓗ࡞⢝࡛࿘ ᅖࢆᅽಽࡍࡿࠊ㒔ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ዪᛶࡋ࡚Ⓩሙࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣୖ ὶ㝵⣭ⓗ࡞㒔ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㓉ࡗᡶࡗ࡚↮ⲡࢆࡩࡋࠊⅣ㖔ேࡢ⊃㔞 ࡉࡸ೫ぢ࢝ࢵࡁ࡚ࡣ⋡┤࡞≀ゝ࠸ែᗘ࡛❧ࡕྥ࠺ᙼዪࡣࠊฟ ㌟㝵⣭ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㒔ࡢ⬟ຊ⩏♫࡛ࡢࡋ ୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ⪅ࡀᣢࡘ㌟యⓗ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢫࢆྜࢃ ࡏᣢࡘே≀ࡋ࡚ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆᣢࡘᖹᒣࡲࡣࠊ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡣࠊ1920 ᖺ௦ࡸ 1960 ᖺ௦ࡢࣟࣥࢻࣥࡸࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡⓏሙࡋࡓࠊ⾗ᾘ㈝ᩥࡢ⏦ ࡋᏊⓗ࡞ࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢᏊᏞ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᢲࡉ࠼࡚ ࠾ࡃࡁࡣࠊᾘ㈝ࡢᛌᴦࢆయ⌧ࡍࡿ⾗ᾘ㈝ᩥࡢࢥ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ 60 ᖺ௦∧ࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡀᮾிⓏሙࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㧗ᗘ⤒῭ ᡂ㛗ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ⦕ࡢୗ࡛ᨭ࠼ࡓࡢࡀⅣ㖔࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ ࡲࡾࠊ⏣⯋ࡢࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ࠸࠺ሙ㐪࠸࡞ᙧ㇟ࡣࠊᮍ᮶ᚿྥࡢ㒔 㐣ཤ⤖ࡧࡘࡃ⏣⯋ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ✵㛫ࡀᐇࡣ⥭ᐦ⤡ࡳྜࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㒔 ࡀ⏣⯋ࡢ㈨※ࢆᦢྲྀࡋࡘࡘ⏣⯋ࢆ࿘⦕ࡍࡿᙉⅯ࡞ࣟࢽ࣮ࢆ♧၀ ࡍࡿࠋᖹᒣࡲࡢⓏሙࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ✵㛫ࡢ⾪✺ ࢆぢどぬⓗ༳㇟࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࣓ ࣜ ࢺ ࢡ ࣛ ࢩ ࣮ 4 4 4 4 31 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᖹᒣࡲ࠸࠺ࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ㔜せ࡞ ࡢࡣࠊᙼዪࡀ༢࡞ࡿᛌᴦ⩏ⓗ࡞ᾘ㈝⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ ࡚ SKD ࡢࣉࣟࡢࢲࣥࢧ࣮࡛⌧ᅾࡶ᭷ᮇࡢዎ⣙࡛ᖖ☬ࣁ࣡ࣥࢭࣥ ࢱ࣮ᒓᖖ☬㡢ᴦ⯙㋀Ꮫ㝔㞠⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᙼዪࡢ⤒Ṕࡸᙉ࠸ࣉࣟព ㆑ࡀ♧ࡍ࠾ࡾࠊᙼዪࡣࠊ➨୕ḟ⏘ᴗࡀὶ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓᚋᮇ㈨ ᮏ⩏ୗ࡛Ᏻᐃ࡞ࡀࡽᑓ㛛ࡢ⫋ᴗࢆᣢࡘዪᛶࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ➨୕ ḟ⏘ᴗࡢືປാ㸦ࡢࡕヲ㏙ࡍࡿ㸧せồࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼ ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆయ⌧ࡍࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࠊᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㐣ཤࡢ㑇≀ ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠊ⏨ࡓࡕࡢປാ⤌ྜࢆ୰ᚰయࡍࡿ㞟ᅋⓗ࡞ᖖ☬Ⅳ㖔 ࡣᑐ↷ⓗࠊᖹᒣࡲ࠸࠺ᡓᚋࡢ⬟ຊ⩏♫ 1960 ᖺ௦➨ Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡿ୍ಶேࡣࠊ㒔ࡸすὒࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊୡ ⏺ⓗ࡞⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡸປാࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡢኚࡀᣦࡋ♧ࡍᮍ᮶ࡢグྕࠊࢥࢫࣔ ࣏ࣜࢱࣥ࡞ዪᛶࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝࡋ࡚Ⓩሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊࢲࣥࢧ࣮࠸࠺⫋ᴗࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ぢࡽࢀࡓ⏘ ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚᐜ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࡶ࠺ᑡࡋヲࡋࡃグ㏙ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ࣐ࢣ ࣭ࣝࣁ࣮ࢺࣥࢺࢽ࣭࢜ࢿࢢࣜࡼࢀࡤࠊ20 ୡ⣖ᮎࡢᩘ༑ᖺ㛫ࠊ ➨ḟ⏘ᴗࡢປാ㸦ࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ࣒௦ࡢປാ㸧ࡣᑟᶒࢆኻ࠸ࠊࡑ ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ࣒௦ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ㠀≀㉁ⓗປാࠖ ࡤࢀࡿࠊ▱㆑ࡸሗࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ⥴ⓗᛂ࠸ࡗࡓ 㠀≀㉁ⓗ࡞⏕⏘≀ࢆࡾฟࡍ➨୕ḟ⏘ᴗࡢປാࡀᑟᶒࢆᥱࡗࡓࠋࡇ ࡢ㠀≀㉁ⓗປാࡣࠊ▱ⓗ࣭ゝㄒⓗ⾲⌧㛵ಀࡍࡿປാ࠸࠺ᙧែࠊ ࠕືປാࠖࡤࢀࡿᙧែࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢿࢢࣜ㸤ࣁ࣮ࢺ࣐ࠗࣝࢳࢳ࣮ࣗ ࢻ㸦ୖ㸧࠘184-86㸧ࠋࡇࡢ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ࣒௦ࡢປാ࠾ࡅࡿᶆ ㄒࡣࠕಶᛶ㔜どࡢ⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨࠊ⊂ᛶࠊ㐀ᛶࠖࠊࡘࡲࡾࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ ປാ⪅ࡣࠊ ࠕయࠖࡋ࡚ࠊ⊂ⓗࡘ㐀ⓗ࡞ࠕ⬟ຊࠖࡸࠕ㈨㉁ࠖ ࢆࠕ⮬ຓດຊࠖࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ㛤Ⓨࠖࡋ⥆ࡅࠊࠕ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࠖࢆᅗࡿࡇࢆ ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦㇂㸤㓇 83-85㸧ࠋ➃ⓗゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡇࡇ࡛㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࡢࡣࠊປാࡢ⬺ປാࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊປാ⪅ࡢປാࡀࡑࡢே≀ࡢ⮬ᕫᐇ ⌧ࡸே㛫ࡋ࡚ࡢ႐ࡧ༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐇࠊࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘࠾ࡅࡿࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ປാ ࡋ࡚ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢲࣥࢧ࣮࡞ࠕࡽࡽ➗࠸࡞ࡀࡽ⏨⾗ࡧ ࡚ࢣࢶࡗࡓࡾ㊊࠾ࡗᗈࡆࡿࠖࡔࡅᢈุࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡣࡎࡢ㇂ᕝ༓௦ࡀࠊ ፉ⣖⨾Ꮚࡢࢲࣥࢫࢆึࡵ࡚ぢࡓᚋ࠸ࡳࡌࡃࡶࠕ࠶ࡗࡔࡩ࠺ࠊ㋀ࡗ ࡚ࠊேᵝ႐ࢇ࡛㈔࠼ࡿࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠼࠼ࢇ࡛ࡡ࠼㸽ࠖឤ៓ࢆ ᢪࡃ࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢᫎ⏬࠾࠸࡚ࢲࣥࢫࡣࠊほᐈࡢෆ㠃႐ࡧ࠸࠺ ⥴ⓗᛂࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ㠀≀㉁ⓗປാぢ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡶࠊࢲࣥ ࣓ ࣜ ࢺ ࢡ ࣛ ࢩ ࣮ 32 Hogara Matsumoto ࢫࢆ⩦࠸ጞࡵࡓⅣ㖔ፉࡓࡕࡢ⾲ࡀ᪥᪥᫂ࡿࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ㌟యࡢືࡁ ࡶ㍍ࡃࡋ࡞ࡸኚࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕࡲ࡛⏕ࡁ࡚ࡁࡓ୰୍࡛␒ ᴦࡋࡗࡓ㸟ࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ⾲ࡍ㏻ࡾࠊࢲࣥࢫࡢᢏ⬟ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᙼዪ ࡓࡕࡢ㌟యࡣゎᨺឤ႐ࡧ࠶ࡩࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࡇࡣࠊⰍ㩭 ࡸ࡞⾰ࢆ╔࡚⮬ศࢆ⨾ࡋࡃࠕぢࡏࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ዪᛶᛶࡢ࠶ ࡾ᪉㛵ࡍࡿᛌᴦࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘࠾ࡅࡿ ࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࡢປാࡀ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ࣒௦ࡢ㠀≀㉁ⓗປാࡋ࡚ᥥ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀ୍ぢࠑປാࠒࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࡺ ࠼ࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡓࡕࡢ⌧ᐇࡢ㈤㔠ࡸປാ᮲௳ࡀᫎ⏬࡛ࡣヰ㢟ࡶࡉࢀ ࡞࠸ࡇࡣぬ࠼࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡶ࠺୍Ⅼ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࡢ㠀≀㉁ⓗປാࡣືປാࡢഃ㠃 ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢᫎ⏬ࡣࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶព㆑ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋືປ ാࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ᥋ᐈᴗồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠕ➗㢦࡛ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠖ࡞ࡢዲ ࡲࡋ࠸ែᗘࠊಶேⓗ࡞ឤࢆᢚᅽࡋ㢳ᐈᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ♫ ⓗࢫ࢟ࣝࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࢿࢢࣜ㸤ࣁ࣮ࢺ 185-87 ࣍ࢵࢡࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ 12-13㸧 ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࡣ⯙ྎୖ࡛ඃࢀࡓࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆぢࡏࡉ ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕ➗㢦ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠖࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋᐇࠊ ᪥ᮏᅜࢆᕠࡿᐉఏࢶ࣮ࡢ᭱୰Ⅳ㖔ፉࢆᆙෆ࡛ࡢᨾࡼࡿᐙ᪘ ࡢṚࡢ▱ࡽࡏࡀく࠺ࡋࠊᙼዪࡓࡕࡣࡲࡓࠊ Ἠࡢᐗሙ࡛㓉ࡗᡶࡗ࡚ ࣖࢪࢆ㣕ࡤࡋᗙᕸᅋࢆᢞࡆࡿ࣐ࢼ࣮ࡢᝏ࠸ᐈ┤㠃ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑ ࡢࡼ࠺㎞ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⭡❧ࡓࡋ࠸ࡁ࡛ࡶࠊᖹᒣࡲࡣࠕࣂ࢝ࡳ ࡓ࠸➗࠺ࡢࠋࢇ࡞㎞࠸ࡁࡔࡗ࡚ࠊ⯙ྎࡢୖ࡛ࡣ➗ࡗ࡚࡞ࡁࡷ ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࠋࡑࢀࡀࣉࣟ࡞ࢇࡔࡽࠖㅍࡍࠋᙼዪࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙ ࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ༢࡞ࡿᢏ⾡ࡢ⩦ᚓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㌟యⓗ ປാᚑࡍࡿ㝿ឤࢆࡶၟရࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ືປാᑐ ࡍࡿཝࡋ࠸ㄆ㆑ࡢࡶᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊṚࡘ࠸࡚ᙉ࠸⚗ᚷ ࡀ࠶ࡿⅣᆙປാ㸦᳃ᓮ㸧ࡸࠊᖖ☬Ⅳ♛࠸࠺♫ࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ࣒య ไࡢୗ࡛ࡢປാࡣᑐ↷ࢆ࡞ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊⅣ㖔ᖹᒣࡲ ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊ ࠑ⏣⯋ࠒࠑ㒔ࠒ ࠊ ࠑ᪥ᮏࠒࠑすὒⓗ㏆௦ࠒ ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ ࠑ⏕⏘ࠒࠑᾘ㈝ࠒ ࠊ ࠑ➨୍ḟ⏘ᴗࠒࠑ➨୕ḟ⏘ᴗࠒ ࠊ ࠑ≀ ㉁ⓗປാࠒࠑ㠀≀㉁ⓗປാࠒ࡞ࠊ20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚ ࢆ♧ࡍࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᑐ❧せ⣲ࡀ㞟⣙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪅ࡢຊࡢࡏࡵࡂ࠶࠸ࡢ୰ࡽࠊ ࠕࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࠖࡣㄌ⏕ ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡀࠊᖹᒣࡲࡀ♧ࡍࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ ࣝീࡢ」〇࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᙧ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡁ࡞㐪࠸ ࡣࠊࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡀࠊᖹᒣࡲࡢᣦᑟ࠾ࡾࢲࣥࢫࡢᢏ⾡ࡸືປ ࢥ ࣆ ࣮ 33 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History ാᚑࡍࡿ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࠊ㌟యࡸ ෆ㠃ࢆ㗪┤ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ᖖ☬ࣁ࣡ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ୍ဨࡋ ࡚ࡑࡢᆅ᰿ࢆᙇࡾࠊ ࠑ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝᛶࠒࠑ㞟ᅋᛶࠒࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡿࠋ ᙼዪࡓࡕࡣಶேࡋ࡚ᮾிᡴࡗ࡚ฟࡿࡇࡶࠊࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢫ ࢆ☻࠸࡚ಶᛶࢆᙇࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ ࠕࣁ࣡ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ ⌮ᛕࡣࠊⅣ㖔ேࡢࠊⅣ㖔ேࡼࡿࠊⅣ㖔ேࡢࡓࡵࡢࠖࠊ ࠑ࣓ࣜ࢝ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠒࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࣁ࣡ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆᵓࡋࡓྜྷᮏ 㒊㛗ࡀࠊࡑࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࠕ᪥ࡇࢀࡽࠊࡇࡢᖖ☬ࡢᆅ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢲ ࣖࣔࣥࢻࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡲࡍࠖ♫ࢫࢱࢵࣇࢆ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡿࡁ㈨※ぢ ࡞ࡍᚋᮇ㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ࡞ࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡ࡛⤂ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡓࡕ ࡣࠊⓙ࡛ྠࡌ⾰ࢆ╔࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸⏘ᴗ㐍ฟࡋ࡚࣓࣮ࢪࢵࣉ ┈ቑࢆᅗࡿ♫ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸㈨※ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢱࢡࣝࡋ࡚ၟရࡉࢀࡿࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ⊛ጾࢆཷࡅ࡚࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡢᆅ ᇦࡀ༢ࡢᆅᇦྠᵝᖹᯈࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡢ⏘≀ ࡸ㈨※ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡞ᙧ࡛ၟရࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ࡾฟࡍࠕࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥࠖࡢ㐣⛬㏆࠸ࡶࡢゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ7 ࡇࡢ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࠊᖖ☬ࣁ ࣡ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊඖࠎ⏨ᛶⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪ࡛ᙬࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᖖ☬Ⅳ㖔 ࢆࠊ Ἠࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠸࠺ࠑ⒵ࡋࠒࡢឤぬࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿዪᛶⓗ࡞࣓࣮ ࢪ࡛㗪┤ࡋ࡚ࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊືປാࡀࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡸࢣ ࠸ࡗࡓዪᛶⓗ࡞ປാ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ᪂⮬⏤⩏࠾࠸࡚ዪᛶࡢປ ാࡀ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿぢ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐇࢆ⪃៖ධࢀࡿࠊ ࡁࢃࡵ࡚⌧௦ⓗ࡞⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚࡢ⾲㇟ࡢ᪉࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ ࠺ࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡣࠊᖖ☬ᆅ᪉ࡢⅣ㖔㒔ࡽす ὒ㢼ࡢዪᛶࡀࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࡿタᐃࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࢀࢆࠑ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ᅵᆅ ᰿ࡊࡋࡓ➨୍ḟ⏘ᴗࠒᑐࠑࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᗈࡀࡿ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ ࣒ⓗ➨୕ḟ⏘ᴗࠒ࠸࠺ᑐ❧㡯⨨ࡁ࠼ࡿᙧ࡛⌧௦ࡋ࡚ࠊࡘࡢ ᑐ❧ࡍࡿせ⣲ࡀࡏࡵࡂྜ࠺୰ࡽࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠸࠺௦ࢆ᪂ࡋࡃ⾲ࡍ ᙧ㇟ࡀࢢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐣⛬ࢆドࡍࡿࡢࡈࡃ❧ࡕୖࡀࡿ ࡉࡲࢆάࡍࡿࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ᆅ᪉ࡢ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡢ⌧௦ⓗ࡞⏫࠾ࡇࡋࢆ ⫯ᐃࡍࡿࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉ 34 Hogara Matsumoto ٽබŴଐஜŴᅦƷȍȃȈȯȸǯ ࣓࣭ࣥࣉࣟࢵࢺ ࡋࡋࠊୖグࡢ࠾ࡾ ➽ࢆࢃࡾࡸࡍࡃྍどࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊࠗࣇ ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡣྠࠊࡘࡢᑐ❧せ⣲ࡀᐇࡣ࡛⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ ➽࠾࠸࡚♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࡇࡢࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ࠶ࡕ ࡽࡇࡕࡽព࠶ࡾࡆ㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡿࠑᅾࠒࡢせ⣲㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ㇂ᕝᐙࡢ∗ぶࡣᅾࡢタᐃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࠊ8 ᖹᒣࡲࡢ∗ぶࡶᅾࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᫎ⏬ࡢෑ㢌Ⓩሙࡋࠊ ࠕࣁ ࣡ࣥࢲࣥࢧ࣮ເ㞟ࠖࡢ㈞ࡾ⣬ࢆぶࠊ㇂ᕝ⣖⨾Ꮚぢࡏࠊ⣖⨾Ꮚ ࢆࣞࢵࢫࣥᘬࡗᙇࡾ㎸ࡴࡁࢃࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍᮌᮧ᪩ⱑࡶࠊ ∗ぶࡀⅣ㖔ࢆゎ㞠ࡉࢀࡓࡁ୍ᐙ࡛ኤᙇⅣ㖔ཤࡾࠊ୰┙௨㝆࡛ ᅾ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢᅾࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࠊࣁ࣡ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࠸࠺୕ࡘࡢ✵㛫ࡢ 」㞧࡞㛵ಀࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ➨ḟୡ⏺ ᡓᚋ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ༨㡿ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⡿ࢯ෭ᡓయไࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࢃࡅ ࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞㇟ᚩయ⣔᪥ᮏࡀすഃࡢ୍ဨ ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࢹࣥࢸࢸࡀᙧᡂࡉ ࢀࡿ㝿ࠊࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠖࡀ᪥ᮏࡗ࡚ࣛ࢝ࣥⓗ࡞ព࡛ࡢ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ ࠕḞዴࠖࢆពࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡣከ࠸㸦ࢸࢷ࢝46ຍ⸨㸧 ࠋ ࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࠊ1965 ᖺࡢ᪥ᮏࡗ࡚ࠑ∗ⓗ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࠒࡸࠑ㇟ ᚩ⏺ࠒࢆయ⌧ࡍࡿࡢࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ∗ぶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ ࢀࡺ࠼㇂ᕝᐙࡢ∗ぶࡣᅾ࡛࠶ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞∗ぶീࡀᅾࡢᡓᚋࡢࠑ᪥ᮏࠒᑐࡋ࡚く࠸ࡿࡢࡀ ⱥ⡿ࡢᚋᮇ㈨ᮏ⩏ࢆ௦⌮ⓗ⾲㇟ࡍࡿࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࠊᖹᒣࡲ࡞ ࡢࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛␃ពࡍࡁࡣࠊᖹᒣࡲࡣࠊẕぶࡀᾘ㈝⪅㔠⼥ ࡽࡾࡓ㔠ࢆ㏉῭ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊྲྀࡾ❧࡚ᒇࡢゼၥ࠼ࡿ᪥ࠎ ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍ࠸࠺ୡ㛫ࡣ㞃ࡉࢀࡓ୍㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼዪࡣࠊࡑ ࡢࡢࡓࡵ SKD ࢆ㏣ࢃࢀࠊᖖ☬࡛ࡢ᭷ᮇࡢࢆᚓ࡚⛣ືࡋ࡚ ࡁࡓ㔠Ḟࡢ᰿↓ࡋⲡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᙼዪࡀⅣ㖔ፉࡓࡕᙧసࡿẕፉ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤎ࡀࡇࡢࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ➽ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖹᒣࡲ ࣁ࣡ࡀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᮌᮧ᪩ⱑ୍ᐙࡢࡼ࠺࡞⛣ືࡍࡿⅣ㖔ேࡢᙧ㇟ࡀ 㔜࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡇࡇࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ⤒῭≧ἣࡸ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚࡼࡗ࡚ᒃሙ ᡤࢆኻࡗࡓ⪅ࡢࠑ⛣ືᛶࠒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ9 ࣁ࣡ࡀႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠑ⛣ືᛶࠒࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡀព㆑ⓗ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣࠊἈ⦖⚟ᓥ࣮ࣝࢶࢆᣢࡘࣁ࣡ฟ㌟ࡢ᪥⣔⛣Ẹ 5 ୡ ࡢ࢘ࢡࣞࣞዌ⪅ࠊࢪ࢙ࢡ࣭ࢩ࣐ࣈࢡࣟࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ᭤ࡀᫎ⏬㡢ᴦ ࢧࣈ࣭ࣉࣟࢵࢺ ࢧࣈ࣭ࣉࣟࢵࢺ 35 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࡶ࠺ࡀࢃࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࣁ࣡ࡣࠑࢀࠒ ࡢࠑປാ࡞ࡁᴦᅬࠒ࠸࠺࣓࣮ࢪࡀᙉࡃ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸦ࡶࡕࢁࢇᖖ☬ ࣁ࣡ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊࡇࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࠶ࡿ 1950 ᖺ௦ࡢ ✵๓ࡢࣁ࣭࣡ࣥࣈ࣮࣒ 1964 ᖺࡢᾏእΏ⯟⮬⏤ぢࡽࢀࡓࣁ ࣡ேẼࡢὶࡢࡗ࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㸦▮ཱྀࠗࢀࡢࣁ࣡࠘115-20ࠊ 123-33㸧㸧 ࠊ20 ୡ⣖ࡢ᪥ᮏேࡢࣁ࣡ほࢆṔྐࡍࡿ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲ 10 ࡸ ⛣Ẹྐ◊✲ࡸẸᏛⓗ◊✲ࡢ῝ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣁ࣡ࡢඛఫẸࡸ᪥⣔⛣ ẸࡢṔྐࡸ࣓࣮ࢪࡀࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢᢚᅽⓗ࡞ඛఫẸᨻ⟇ࡸ⛣Ẹ ᨻ⟇ࡢୗ࡛」㞧࡞ࡓࡕ࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ ࡿࠋලయⓗゝ࠼ࡤࠊ1778 ᖺࡢࢡࢵࢡ⯪㛗ࡢࣁ࣡฿᮶ᚋࠊࣁ࣡ ࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᆅᅗ᭩ࡁຍ࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀకࡗ࡚ࠕ㈠᫆ ࡸ㌷ᡓ␎ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡢ୰⨨ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊḢ ⡿ࡢ≀㈨ࡸᛮࠊୡ⏺ྛᆅࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡀὶධࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠖ 㸦▮ཱྀࠗࣁ ࣡ࡢṔྐᩥ࠘ 181㸧࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊᚎࠎ⮬ࡽࢆ ࠑࣁ࣡ࣥࠒࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࣁ࣡ࡢேࠎࡸ㈗᪘ࡓࡕࡀࠊ ⓑ᷄㈠᫆ࠊᤕ㪒⏘ᴗࠊࢧࢺ࢘࢟ࣅ᱂ᇵ࡛ࡢ┈ࢆ≺࠺࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜ ࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡼࡗ࡚᳜Ẹᆅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃᝒࡋࡁṔྐ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗ ࡓ㸦Howe, Kiste, and Lal㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ᳜Ẹᆅ௦ࡢࣁ࣡࠾ࡅࡿ ேࣔࣀࡢ⛣ືࡀ࣏ࢫࢺࢥࣟࢽࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓぢᆅࡽṔྐࡉ ࢀࡿࡢຍ࠼࡚ࠊ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊࣁ࣡ࢆྵࡵࡓ⎔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࢪᆅ ᇦࢆ⤖ࡪ⤒῭ᅪࢆࡵࡄࡿࠊከᅜ⡠ᴗࡼࡿ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⌧௦ࡢ ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ࢆࠊ୍᪉ࡀ᪉ࢆᦢྲྀࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࠊ」㞧ேࡸၟရࡸ࣓࣮ࢪࡀᚠ⎔࣭ὶ㏻ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊࢪ࢙ ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊ㝵⣭ࠊẸ᪘ᛶࠊ࢚ࢥࣟࢪ࣮ࡢほⅬࡽከゅⓗᤕᤊࡋࡼ࠺ ࡢヨࡳࡶぢࡽࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Lim and Dissanayake 1-4㸧 ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ⛣ ືࡍࡿேࠎࡢゝㄒࡸᩥࡀࠊᅵ╔ࡢࠑఏ⤫ࠒࡸ᪂ࡋ࠸ࠑᶒຊࠒࠑໃຊࠒ 」㞧࡞΅ࢆ⾜࠺ΰΆⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㏉ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ11 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣁ࣡ࡢṔྐࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ⅳ㖔ேᖹᒣࡲࡢᙧ㇟ࡀ㔜࡞ ࡾࠊࣁ࣡ࠊ⚟ᓥࠊᮾி࠸࠺✵㛫ࡀࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㍈ࠊኴ ᖹὒࢆ㉺࠼࡚᪂ࡓ࡞ᙧ࡛⤖ࡧࡘࡃࠋ12 ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ⫼ ᚋඹ㏻ࡢ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞∗ࡋ࡚ᅾࡢᏑᅾឤࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ࣓ࣜ ࡛࢝࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ 1960 ᖺ๓ᚋࣁ࣡␃Ꮫࡋࡓ ᛮࢃࢀࡿᖹᒣࡲࡀࠊᙼࡢᆅ࠾࠸࡚ 1960 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊᅵᆅࡸᶒ ࢆⓑே࣓ࣜ࢝ேዣࢃࢀࡓࢿࢸࣦ࣭ࣁ࣡ࣥࡢᶒᅇ㐠ື ࡀ⯆㝯ࡋࠊࣇࣛࢆྵࡵࡓࣁ࣡ඛఫẸᩥࡢពࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡼ࠺ࡢ ືࡁࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ㸦▮ཱྀࠗࢀࡢࣁ࣡࠘ 157㸧ࢆ⫼ᬒࠊࣇࣛࢆ 36 Hogara Matsumoto ㌟యయ࡛ཷࡅ⥅ࡀࢀࡿ᐀ᩍᛶࢆ᭷ࡋࡓᡭヰࡢᩥᏛࡋ࡚Ⅳ㖔ፉࡓࡕ ᩍ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊᖹᒣࡲࡀᩍ࠼ ࡿࣇࣛࡣࠊほගᐈࡢ࢚ࣟࢫࡉࢀࡓ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ่⃭ࡍࡿࡃ ၟᴗࡉࢀࡓࣇࣛ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࢆྵࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸦ࡑࢀࡣࠊࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡢ ⭜ࡢືࡁࢆࢡ࣮ࣟࢫࢵࣉ࡛ࡿࢩࣙࢵࢺࡀࡇࢁࡇࢁᤄධࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧 ࠊᩥࠊᅵᆅࠊᶒࢆዣࢃࢀࡓ⪅ࡀ ⮬↛ࡸேࠎࡢឡࢆ⾲ࡍリࡋ࡚ࡢࣇ࡛ࣛࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡔࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᖖ☬ࢆཤࢁ࠺ิ㌴ࡿᖹᒣࡲࢆ㏣࠸ ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓⅣ㖔ፉࡓࡕࡀࠊ㥐ࡢ࣮࣒࣍୪ࢇ࡛ࠊྥࡇ࠺ࡢ࣮࣒࣍ࡢิ ㌴ࡢ୰࠸ࡿᖹᒣࡲྥࡗ࡚ࠕᾦࢆࡠࡄࡗ࡚ ឡࡋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ឡࡋ࠸ேࡼࠖ“To You Sweet Aloha”࠸࠺ ᭤ࡢḷモࢆࣁࣥࢻ࣮ࣔࢩ࡛ࣙࣥఏ࠼ࡿࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊዣࢃࢀࡋ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢ ዪᛶࡓࡕࡀඹྠయࡢࡢேࠎࡸ♫ࡢୖᒙ㒊ᝅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ⤎ࡢ ᵓ⠏ࢆ⛎ᐦヨࡳࡿᛴ㐍ⓗ࡞ࢩ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḟ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ ࡇࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡢᙧ㇟ࡢ⌧௦ᛶࢆࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ ࡢほⅬࡽ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ ųȕȩǬȸȫƱᇹɤඬȕǧȟȋǺȠ ᐇࠊ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡀࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡸዪᛶࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮࣭࣓࣮ ࢪព㆑ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣࠊ࢟ࣕࢫࢸࣥࢢࡽࡶ᫂░࡛࠶ࡿࠋྂ࠸ୡ ௦ࡢዪᛶࢆ⾲ࡍ㇂ᕝ༓௦ࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡢࡣࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࠗ⥮∻༤ᚐ࠘ ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ࡛ẅࡉࢀࡓᐙ∗㛗ࠊ∗ࡢ௦⌮ࢆົࡵࠊࠕ⏨࡞ࡗ࡚ࠖᡓ࠺ዪ ౮ࠕ ⥮∻ࡢ࠾❳ࠖࢆ₇ࡌ୍࡚௦ࢆ⠏࠸ࡓᐩྖ⣧Ꮚ㸦ᙜࡢⱁྡ ⸨⣧Ꮚ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ⥮∻ࡢ࠾❳ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ⸨⣧Ꮚࡣࠊዪ౮࠸࠺❧ ሙࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢࢀࢆࠊẅ㝕ࡢࢡࢩࣙࣥࠑᆺࠒࡢ࠶ࡿ₇ᢏ࡛ࡶࡗ ࡚ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢸࣦ⾲ࡋ࡚ࠊ௵౮ᫎ⏬ࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮࣭ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆᨩ ࡉࡏ㸦㮖㇂268-69ᩧ⸨106㸧ࠊ௵౮ᫎ⏬࠸࠺୍✀ࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞᪥ᮏ ᛶࢆ⾲ࡍࢪࣕࣥࣝ 1960 ᖺ௦ࡢ➨Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆࡶࡓ ࡽࡋࡓࠋᐩྖ⣧ᏊࡀⅣ㖔ࡢ㑅Ⅳ፬ᙺࢆ₇ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㐪ឤࢆぬ࠼ ࡿほᐈࡣከ࠸ゝࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊ㇂ᕝ༓௦ࠊᐩྖ⣧Ꮚࡀ 1960 ᖺ௦₇ ࡌࡓࠊṚࢇࡔᐙ㛗ࡢ௦⌮ࢆົࡵࡿᙉࡃ⨾ࡋ࠸ዪᛶࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡀ㔜ࡡྜ ࢃࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࢀࡤከᑡࡣ⣡ᚓࡀ࠸ࡃ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊᖹᒣࡲࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡢࡣᯇ㞷ὈᏊࠊࣂࣈࣝ௦ࡢ㔠ᣢࡕࡢ ࠾Ꮉᵝࢆࢥ࣑࢝ࣝᥥࡃₔ⏬ࠗⓑ㫽㯇Ꮚ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ㸟࠘ 㸦1989㸧ࡢ 37 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛ∧㸦1993 ᖺ㸧࡛ࣄࣟࣥࢆ₇ࡌ୍࡚㌍ヰ㢟࡞ࡗࡓዪ ඃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣈࣛࣥࢻࡶࡢ㌟ࢆໟࡳࠕ⚾ࡣୡ⏺ࡢⓑ㫽㯇Ꮚࠖࣉࣛ ࢻ㧗ࡃㄒࡋࡘࡘࡶ⏕᮶ࡢᑠᚰࡺ࠼ኻᩋࡤࡾࡍࡿⓑ㫽㯇Ꮚࡢᙧ㇟ ࡣࠊୡ⏺㐍ฟࢆ┠ᣦࡍ᪥ᮏ⤒῭ࡢ⫧ࡋࡓព㆑ᾘ㈝ࡍࡿዪࡢ ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏࡓࠊ௦ࢆᡙ⏬ࡍࡿᙉⅯ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡣࠊ≀㉁ⓗ࣭ᛶⓗḧᮃࡢᾘ㈝ࡼࡿ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ᛌᴦࢆ ㏣ồࡍࡿ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ 13 ௦ࡢዪᛶീࡢ᪥ᮏ∧ඛ㥑ࡅࡶ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᑠ࡛⣽㌟࡞ࡀࡽẼࡢᙉࡉࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡿዪඃࠊᯇ㞷ὈᏊࡀ ₇ࡌࡿᖹᒣࡲࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ୡ⏺ࡢ㔝ᮃࢆ⛎ࡵࡿࣂࣈࣝ௦ࡢ ᪥ᮏዪᛶࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ㒊ศⓗᘬ⏝ࡋࡘࡘࠊḟୡ௦ࡢᶫΏࡋࢆࡍࡿ ே≀ࡋ࡚㐀ᆺࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ 1990 ᖺ௦๓༙ࡢྛ௦ࠊ࠶ࡿព ࡛᪥ᮏ࠸࠺ᅜᐙࢆ⾲ࡋࡓዪඃࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆᬯᘬ⏝ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ2006 ᖺබ㛤ࡢࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡣࠊࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ᪂ࡋ࠸ዪᛶീࢆクࡋ࡚ዪᛶ ⾲㇟ࢆࡵࡄࡿࢿࢩࣙࣥࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢၥ㢟ࢆၥ࠸┤ࡍࡇࢆヨࡳ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࠊ㇂ᕝ⣖⨾Ꮚࡢ ࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡢኚᐜࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ⤡ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ ࡶ࠺ࡀࢃࢀࡿࠋ㇂ᕝ⣖⨾Ꮚࡣඖࠎࢲࣥࢫ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡃࠊேࡢᮌᮧ᪩ⱑㄏࢃࢀ࡚⯙㋀Ꮫ㝔࡞ࢇ࡞ࡃࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡔࡅ ࡢே≀ࡔࡀࠊᖹᒣࡲࡀ୍ேࢲࣥࢫࡢ⦎⩦ࢆࡍࡿᵝᏊࢆᏛ㝔ࡢ❆ࡢ እࡽぢࡘࡵࡿ⤒㦂ࡀࠊᙼዪࢆࡁࡃኚ࠼ࡿࠋᮅࡢගࡀᕪࡋ㎸ࡴࣞࢵ ࢫࣥሙ࡛㘫࠼ᢤࢀࡓ㌟య࡛㋀ࡿᖹᒣࡲࡢጼࡣࠊ㇂ᕝ⣖⨾Ꮚ ࡗ࡚ࠊ❆ᯟ࠸࠺ቃ⏺ࡼࡗ࡚㝸࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡲࡉࠑ㐪࠺ୡ⏺ࠒࡢே ࡢࡶࡢᫎࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊᙼዪࡣࠊ⮬ศࡶࠕࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽኚࢃࢀࡿࡶ▱ ࢇࡡ࠼ࠖ ࠊⅣ㖔ࡽࠕᢤࡅฟࡏࡿࡶ▱ࢇࡡ࠼ࠖ࠸࠺⪃࠼ចࡁࡘ ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢲࣥࢧ࣮࠸࠺⫋ᴗ࡞ㄆࡵ࡞࠸ẕぶᑐࡋ ࡚ࠊ ࠕࡇࢀࡽࡣዪࡶᇽࠎാࡅࡿ௦ࡔࡗࡼࠖ ࠊࠕ࢜ࣞࡢே⏕࢜ࣞ ࡢࡶࢇࡔࠊࢲࣥࢧ࣮࡞ࢁ࠺ࡀࢫࢺࣜࢵࣃ࣮࡞ࢁ࠺ࡀࠊ࢜ࣞࡢᡭ ࡔࠖၩࢆษࡗ࡚ᐙฟࡋࠊ⯙㋀Ꮫ㝔ᐷἩࡲࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㇂ᕝ⣖⨾Ꮚࡗ࡚ࠊࢲࣥࢧ࣮࡞ࡿࡇࡣ➨Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ࢽ ࢬ࣒ࡢᩥ⬦࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ᩥⓗࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚ ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ୡࡢ୰ࠑᢎㄆࠒࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࣁ ࣡ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࢲࣥࢫࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࠑዪᛶᛶࠒࢆࡑࡢࡲ ࡲၟရࡍࡿࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᙼዪࡀចࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ ࠑ࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ ࡣ㐪࠺⚾ࠒࡸࠑ⮬ศ࡛㑅ࢇࡔ⫋ᴗࠒ࠸ࡗࡓࠊ➨Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ ࡛┠ᣦࡉࢀࡓ┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 38 Hogara Matsumoto ࡑࡢᩥ⬦࡛⪃࠼ࡿࠊ☜㇂ᕝ⣖⨾Ꮚࡸࡢࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡓࡕࡣࠊ ࢚ࣥࢹࣥࢢ࡛ぢ࡞ࢲࣥࢫࢆぢࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ ࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࠊᐙ᪘ࡸඹྠయࡢேࠎࡼࡿࠑᢎㄆࠒࢆཷࡅ ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊほᐈࡢᢿᡭ႑㔗ࡸࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡓࡕࡢᾦ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ㞝ᘚ≀ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡇ࡛㉳ࡍࡁࡣࠊᖹ ᒣࡲࡸゎ㞠ࡉࢀࡿⅣ㖔ኵࡢ⤥ࡢཷࡅΏࡋሙ㠃ࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᤄධ ࡉࢀࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡓࡕࡢ⤥ࡢཷࡅΏࡋࡢሙ㠃ࡣ ᅾ࡛࠶ࡿୖゝཬࡍࡽࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊ ࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡓࡕࡢປാᑐࡍࡿሗ㓘ࡢၥ㢟ࡣᙼዪࡓࡕࡢ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࡢ㐩 ᡂ࠸࠺ࠑឤືࠒࡸࠑᾦࠒࡍࡾ᭰࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡇࡢឤືⓗ࡞࢚ࣥࢹ ࣥࢢࡣࠊྠࠊືປാࡀປാࡢၥ㢟ࢆ㏱᫂ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ⌧௦ ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᬯ♧ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࡢឤືࡀそ࠸ 㞃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟ࡣࠊከࡃࡢほᐈࡗ࡚ࡣṚゅ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ ࡋࡑࢀࡇࡑࡀ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ࣒ࡀ⌧௦ࡢୡ⏺ࢆそ࠸ࡘࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡇࡢドᕥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧 ࡘࡲࡾࠊࣁ࣡ࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊᖖ☬ᆅᇦࢆዪᛶⓗ࣓࣮ࢪ࡛㗪┤ ࡋ࡚⏕ࢆᅗࡾࠊᡂຌࡍࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊᩥⓗࠑᢎㄆࠒ⤒῭ⓗࠑ㓄ศࠒ ࡢၥ㢟࠸࠺ࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ㛗ᖺࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡋ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ ࢩࣙࣥ௨ᚋ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ➨୕Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢႚ⥭ࡢၥ㢟 14 ࡀࠊືປാ࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡓࡕࡢ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࡢ㐩ᡂ࠸࠺࣏ࢫࢺ ࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ࣒௦ࡢປാࡀᏎࡴ▩┪࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ᾋࡧୖࡀࡿ⤖ᯝ ࡞ࡿࠋືປാᚑࡍࡿከࡃࡢዪᛶࡣࠊ♫࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᴗࡗ࡚ ┦ኚࢃࡽࡎᦢྲྀࡢᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝࡓࡕࡢᐤࡿ㎶࡞࠸㌟ࡢୖ ̿̿ᐙฟፉࠊ∗ࢆஸࡃࡋࡓፉࠊࢩࣥࢢ࣐ࣝࢨ࣮̿̿ࡀࡑࡢⅬࢆᙉㄪࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕಖᏲⓗ࡞ඹྠయࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࡿዪᛶᩍᖌࡶࡢࠖࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢ ➽⧊ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿඛ⏕ࡢ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࡀࡇࡢࣇ࣒࣭ࣝ ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛ࡣࢇⓎᒎࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡓࠊඛ⏕ࡀඹྠ యࢆཤࡿ࠸࠺㏻ᖖࡢ࢚ࣥࢹࣥࢢࡶᅇ㑊ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ௦ࢃࡾ๓ᬒࡉ ࢀࡿࡢࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒῭ⓗ㓄ศࢆᚲせࡍࡿᐤࡿ㎶࡞࠸ዪࡓࡕࡢᑠࡉ ࡞ඹྠయ࡛࠶ࡿࡁࠊ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡀࠊ༢࡞ࡿ⏫࠾ࡇࡋࡶࡢࡢᯟ⤌ ࡳࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚᐜక࠺ዪᛶࡢປാࡸ㈋ᅔࡢ」㞧࡞ၥ 㢟ࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡍࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢ࢚ࣥࢹࣥࢢࢆ⤒ࡓᚋ᪂ࡓ࡞㔜せᛶࢆᖏࡧ࡚グ᠈⏛ࡿ ࡢࡣࠊඛ㏙ࡢࣁࣥࢻ࣮ࣔࢩࣙࣥࡢࢩ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ㠀≀ ㉁ⓗ⏕⏘ᚑࡍࡿࠊ⛣ືᛶࠑඹࠒᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᐤࡿ㎶࡞ࡁᏑᅾࡀࠊ ࠕປ ാࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ⏕⏘ࡢࡓࡵࡢ┦స⏝ࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ༠ാࢆ⏘ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ࢧࣈࣉࣟࢵࢺ 39 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History ࡳฟࡍഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠖࡇࢆ㏫ᡭࡾࠊ ࠕ᪂ࡓ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࢹ ࡸ࣓࣮ࢪࡢྛࠎࠖࢆࡗ࡚⮬ศࡓࡕࡢຊ࡛ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸༠ྠసᴗࢆᘬࡁ ᐤࡏࡿࠖ 㸦ࢿࢢࣜ㸤ࣁ࣮ࢺࠉ࣐ࠗࣝࢳࢳ࣮ࣗࢻ㸦ୖ㸧࠘243㸧 ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢳ࣮ࣗ ࢻࡢㄌ⏕ࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡋ࡚ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ゝ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࠊࠗࣇ࣮࡛ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡣࠊ᪂⮬⏤⩏ࡀ⊛ጾࢆ࠺ 2000 ᖺ௦ ௨㝆ࡢ≧ἣࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊಶேࡢຊࡢࠑᢎㄆࠒࢆ㔜せどࡍࡿ➨Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ ࢽࢬ࣒ࡽࠊ᪂⮬⏤⩏ୗ࡛ࡁฟࡋࡢ⏕ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿࡇࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉ ࢀࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ⛣ືᛶࠑඹࠒᛶࢆ┪᪂ࡓ࡞㐃ᖏࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ ➨୕Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ⛣⾜ࡀࠊࡦࡑ࡞ᙧ࡛άࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ ųଯԧȎǹǿȫǸȸପဒƱƍƏᚕᛟᆰ᧓ ᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࢿࢩࣙࣥࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢၥ㢟╔┠ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡀࠊ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚᐜࡢṔྐࢆᥥࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⌧௦ⓗ࡞ࢢ ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐣⛬㈋ᅔዪᛶࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࠸࠺⌧௦ࡢၥ 㢟ࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡍࣇ࣒࣭ࣝࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ᪥ ᮏ࠸࠺✵㛫ࢆࠊᮾிࠊ⚟ᓥࠊࣁ࣡࠸࠺✵㛫࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢ 㛵ಀ㛤ࡃࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡀࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢸࡢၥ㢟ࡢ 㔜ᒙᛶ㘒ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋࠊ ࠑ⣧⢋࡞᪥ᮏᛶࠒ㑏ඖࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ ⛣ືᛶࡸΰΆⓗ࣓ࢱࣇ࣮ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㛤ࢀࡓࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢸࡢ࠶ ࡾࡼ࠺ࢆീࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮ᫎ⏬ࡣࠊᅛᐃⓗ࡞㛢ࡊࡉࢀ ࡓࡦࡘࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࡴࡋࢁࠊᑐࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ឤ ࡸ┦ᑐࡍࡿゝㄝࡀࡏࡵࡂྜ࠺」㞧࡞ゝㄝ✵㛫࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ ࠋ୍ぢ㛢ࡊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢸࡢၥ㢟ࡶࠊࢪ ࡸኴᖹὒࡢᗈ࠸ᯟ⤌ࡳࡽぢ┤ࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿ ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ notes 1 ᫎ⏬◊✲⪅ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬⏘ᴗ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡣᮏㄽᩥ➨ 1 ⠇࡛ヲ⣽ㄽࡌࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㆟ ㄽࡣࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆグࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋࠗ࠘2007 ᖺ 7 ᭶ྕ࠾ࡼࡧ 2008 ᖺ 7 ᭶ྕࡢ≉㞟ࠕᫎ⏬⏺ࡢᚭᗏ◊✲ࠖࢆཧ↷ࠋ 2 ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࡢࢫࢱࢪ࣭࢜ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡸࡑࡢኚᐜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ Epstein ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 40 Hogara Matsumoto 3ࠉࢸࢷ࢝ ࣚࢩࣁࣝࡣࠊ ࠗᫎീࡢࢥࢫ࣏ࣔࣜࢸࢡࢫ̿̿ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ᪥ᮏࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᫎ⏬⏘ᴗ࠘ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿࢺࣛࣥࢫࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞ᫎ⏬〇సࡢࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ඹྠ〇సࡋ࡚〇స ࡉࢀࡓࢯࣇ࣭ࢥࢵ࣏ࣛ┘╩ࡢᫎ⏬ࠗࣟࢫࢺ࣭࣭ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢫ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ࠘ 㸦2003㸧ࡸΎỈ ᓫ┘╩ࡢࠗ࿚ᛷࠉࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࠘ࡢࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻ࣭࣓ࣜࢡ∧ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ௨㝆ࡢ ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ࣮࣭ࣟ࢝ࣝࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ」㞧࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᏎࡴࡶࡢࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢸࢷ࢝ࡼࢀࡤࠊࢺࣛࣥࢫࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝά㌍࡛ࡁࡿಶேࡀእⓗ㍮ฟࡉࢀࡿ≧ἣࡶ⏕ࡲࢀࡘ ࡘ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊయࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࡢࠑᖇᅜࠒ⩏ⓗ≧ἣ᪥ᮏࡢᫎ⏬⏘ᴗࡀᚑᒓࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࡀ࠶ࡿࡇኚࢃࡾࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 4 ࡑࡢࠊྠᵝࡢ〇సጤဨ᪉ᘧࠗALWAYS୕┠ࡢኤ᪥࠘ࡢᢈุࡋ࡚ࠊ㜿㒊᪥㧗ࢆཧ↷ࠋ ࠶ࡲࡾᢈุⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᒣୗࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᨻᐙࡢᏳಸ୕ࡣࠗ⨾ࡋ࠸ᅜ࠘ ࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢᫎ⏬ࢆ⤯㈶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 5ࠕ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࠖࡢᐃ⩏ࡀ㏆ᖺࡲࡍࡲࡍၥ㢟ྵࡳ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᬦᓧࢆཧ↷ࠋ 6 㯮ἑΎ⦅ࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠘࠾ࡼࡧࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣࡇࡲ࡛⾜ࡃ࠘㘓ࡉࢀࡓㄽ ⪃ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 7 ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢠࣜࢫⓎ⚈ࡢࠕ㐀㒔ᕷࠖࡤࢀࡿࠊ ࠕᩥάືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᕷẸࠊ♫ࠊ ⤒῭ࡢάᛶࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠊᆅᇦάᛶࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠖࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࠊ㐀ᛶࢆࠕⱁ⾡ᩥ ⏘ᴗ⤒῭ࢆ⧅ࡄ፹㡯ࠖ⨨࡙ࡅࡿືࡁࡀୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡛ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦ཎ⏣1-35㸧 ࠊ㠀≀ ㉁ⓗປാ࡛⾤ࡢ⏘ᴗࡢ⏕ࢆᅗࡿேࠎࢆᥥࡃࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓືࡁࡶඹࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ 8 ㉺ࡼࡿࠊ⣖⨾Ꮚࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿᑠ㔝ᜨ⨾Ꮚࡢ∗ぶࡣᅾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᫎ⏬࡛ࡣᩒ࠼࡚ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞タᐃࢆࡋࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ 9 ࡑࡶࡑࡶ▼Ⅳ㖔ᴗࡶ㏆௦⏘ᴗ♫ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮※ࡋ࡚᫂⥔᪂ᚋᛴ⃭Ⓨᒎࡋࠊ▼Ⅳࡢ᥇ ᥀ࡣࡲࡶ࡞ࡃᕧ㈨ᮏࡢᢞୗࡼࡿ⊂༨ⓗ࡞ᙧែ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋᙜⅣ㖔ὶධࡋ ࡓࡢࡣࠊ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚࡼࡗ࡚㎰ᮧࢆ㏣ࢃࢀࡓᑠసேࡸ㈋㎰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⅣ㖔ࡢṔྐ ࡸⅣᆙປാ⪅ࡢ⢭⚄ྐࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᳃ᓮࢆཧ↷ࠋ 10 ▮ཱྀࠗࢀࡢࣁ࣡̿̿᪥ᮏேࡢࣁ࣡ほ࠘ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 11 ୍ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊWilson ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 12 ᐇࠊ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ࡢヨࡀࣁ࣡ࡢ࣍ࣀࣝࣝᕷ࡛ࡶᐇࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᖹᒣࡲࡢ ࡶ㔠ྲྀࡾ❧࡚ࡢ⏨ᛶࡓࡕࡀゼࢀࡿࢩ࣮ࣥࡀ࢝ࢵࢺࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺⯆῝࠸ᐇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 13 ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡓ࠼ࡤ Gill ࢆཧ↷ࠋ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢዪᛶീࡣࠊ᭱ ㏆ࡢ◊✲᭩࡛ㄽࡌࡽࢀࡿ࠾ࡾࠊ ࠗࣈࣜࢪࢵࢺ࣭ࢪ࣮ࣙࣥࢬࡢ᪥グ࠘ࡸࠗࢭࢵࢡࢫ࣭ࣥࢻ࣭ࢩࢸ࠘ ࡢዪᛶീࢆᣦࡍࠋ 14ࠑᢎㄆࠒࠑ㓄ศࠒࡢၥ㢟ࡀ➨୕Ἴࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ᭱㔜せࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡓ ࠼ࡤ Fraser, Chapter 1 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ Ӌᎋ૨ྂ Epstein, Edward Jay. The Big Picture: The New Logic of Money and Power in Hollywood. New York: Random House, 2005.࢚ࠝࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭J࣭࢚ࣉࢫࢱࣥࠗࣅࢵࢢ࣭ࣆࢡࢳ࣮ࣕ̿̿ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࢆືࡍ㔠 ᶒຊࡢ᪂ㄽ⌮࠘ሷ㇂⣫ヂࠊ ᪩ᕝ᭩ᡣࠊ2006 年 ࠋ ࠞ 41 The Battle of Miner's Daughters with America: Hula Girls, Feminism, and Labor History Fraser, Nancy. Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the “Postsocialist” Condition. New York: Routledge, 1997.ࠝࢼࣥࢩ࣮࣭ࣇࣞࢨ࣮ࠗ୰᩿ࡉࢀࡓṇ⩏̿̿ࠕ࣏ࢫࢺ♫⩏ⓗࠖ᮲௳ࢆࡵࡄࡿᢈุⓗ┬ᐹ࠘ ௰ṇᫀᶞ┘ヂࠊࢠࣈࢯࣥᯇెᏊヂࠊ ᚚⲔࡢỈ᭩ᡣࠊ2003 ᖺ ࠋࠞ Gill, Rosalind. “Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of A Sensibility.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 10 (2007): 147-66. Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri. Empire. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2000.ࠝࣥࢺࢽ࣭࢜ࢿࢢࣜ㸤࣐ ࢣ࣭ࣝࣁ࣮ࢺࠗ ࠑᖇᅜࠒ ࠘Ỉᔱ୍᠇ヂࠊ ௨ᩥ♫ࠊ2003 ᖺ ࠋࠞ ---. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. New York: Penguin, 2005.ࠝࣥࢺࢽ࣭࢜ࢿࢢࣜ 㸤࣐ࢣ࣭ࣝࣁ࣮ࢺ࣐ࠗࣝࢳࢳ࣮ࣗࢻ㸦ୖ㸧̿̿ࠑᖇᅜࠒ௦ࡢᡓதẸ⩏࠘ᗄᓥᖾᏊヂࠊ Ỉᔱ୍᠇࣭ᕷ⏣Ⰻᙪ┘ಟࠊ ᪥ᮏᨺ㏦ฟ∧༠ࠊ2005 ᖺ ࠋ ࠞ Hochschild, Arlie. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Oakland: U of California P, 1983.ࠝA࣭R࣭࣍ࢵࢡࢩ࣮ࣝࢻࠗ⟶⌮ࡉࢀࡿᚰ̿̿ឤࡀၟရ࡞ࡿࡁ࠘▼⏣࣭ᐊఅளᕼヂࠊ ୡ⏺ᛮ♫ࠊ2000 年 ࠋ ࠞ Howe, K. R., Robert C. Kiste, and Brij V. Lal, ed. Tides of History: The Pacific Islands in the Twentieth Century. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 1994. Lim, Shirley Geok-lin and Wimal Dissanayake. “Introduction.” Transnational Asia Pacific: Gender, Culture, and the Public Sphere. Ed. Shirley Geok-lin Lim and Wimal Dissanayake. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1999. 1-9. Miller, Toby, Nitin Govil, John McMurria and Richard Maxwell. Global Hollywood. London: British Film Institute, 2001. Wilson, Rob. “Bloody Mary Meets Lois-Ann Yamanaka: Imagining Asia/Pacific—from South Pacific to Bamboo Ridge.” Transnational Asia Pacific: Gender, Culture, and the Public Sphere. Ed. Shirley Geok-lin Lim and Wimal Dissanayake. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1999. 93-110. Ᏻಸ୕ࠗ⨾ࡋ࠸ᅜ࠘ 㸦ᩥ⸤⛅♫ࠊ2006 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ 㜿㒊ࠕ࣓ࢹࡀ࠶ࡓ࠼ࡓᫎ⏬ࡢ⤌ᡂኚࡣఱࡔࡗࡓ̿̿ۑۑᖺ௦ࡢࠗᮾᐆⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠘ࢆ ࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠘㯮ἑΎ࣭ᅄ᪉⏣≟ᙪ࣭ྜྷぢಇဢ࣭ᮤ㬅Ᏹ⦅ ᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ 2010 ᖺ ࠊ57-83 㡫ࠋ Ᏹ㔝ᖖᐶࠗࢮࣟᖺ௦ࡢീຊ࠘ 㸦᪩ᕝ᭩ᡣࠊ2008 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ ㉺❶Ꮚࠗ㋀ࡿࡇࡇࢁ̿̿ᑠ㔝ᜨ⨾Ꮚࡢṓ᭶࠘ 㸦⣸ⲡ㤋ࠊ2013 年㸧ࠋ ຍ⸨ὒ࣓ࠗࣜ࢝ࡢᙳ࠘ 㸦ㅮㄯ♫ࠊ1985 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ἙᓥఙᏊࠕⱥᅜࡢᩥᨻ⟇ᫎീᩥࠖ ࠗࢠࣜࢫᫎ⏬ᩥᨻ⟇̿̿ࣈࣞᨻᶒ௨㝆ࡢ࣏ࣜࢸ࢝ ࣭࢚ࣝࢥࣀ࣑࣮࠘ἙᓥఙᏊ⦅㸦᠕⩏ሿᏛฟ∧ࠊ2012 年㸧 ࠊ325 㡫ࠋ ᩧ⸨⥤Ꮚࠕ⥮∻࠾❳ㄽࠖ ࠗᡓ࠺ዪࡓࡕ̿̿᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢዪᛶࢡࢩࣙࣥ࠘ᅄ᪉⏣≟ᙪ࣭㮖㇂ⰼ⦅㸦స ရ♫ࠊ2009 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ84-149 㡫ࠋ ㇂ᮃ࣭㓇㝯ྐࠕ࣏ࢫࢺࣇ࢛࣮ࢹࢬ࣒࠾ࡅࡿࠑே㛫ࡢ᮲௳ࠒ࢚࣮̿̿ࢺࢫᨻࠗ➨୕ࡢ㐨࠘ ࠖ ࠗ⌧௦ᛮ࠘ 㸦2000 ᖺ 8 ᭶ྕ㸧 ࠊ78-91 㡫ࠋ ࢸࢷ࢝ ࣚࢩࣁࣝࠗᫎീࡢࢥࢫ࣏ࣔࣜࢸࢡࢫ̿̿ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ᪥ᮏࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᫎ⏬⏘ᴗ࠘ 㸦ࡏࡾ ᭩ᡣࠊ2011 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ ᑎ⬥◊ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩥᨭไᗘࢆồࡵ࡚ࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣࡇࡲ࡛⾜ࡃ࠘㯮ἑΎ࣭ᅄ᪉⏣≟ᙪ࣭ྜྷぢಇ ဢ࣭ᮤ㬅Ᏹ⦅㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2011 年㸧 ࠊ6586 㡫ࠋ ᬦᓧ୕ࠕࢪࡢ௦ࡀၥ࠸┤ࡍ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢᐃ⩏ࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠘㯮ἑΎ࣭ᅄ᪉⏣≟ᙪ࣭ 42 Hogara Matsumoto ྜྷぢಇဢ࣭ᮤ㬅Ᏹ⦅㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2010 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ27576 㡫ࠋ ཎ⏣Ἠࠕࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㐀㒔ᕷྥࡗ࡚ࠖ ࠗࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ࣭ࢩࢸ̿̿᪂ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ⏘ᴗࡢฟ࠘ ཎ⏣Ἠ⦅ⴭ㸦NTT ฟ∧ࠊ2007 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ137 㡫ࠋ ᪥㧗அࠗࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪࡣఱ̿̿グ᠈ࣛࢹ࣭࢝ࣝࢹࣔࢡࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ࣓ࢹᏛ࠘㸦ୡ⏺ᛮ ♫ࠊ2014 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ ᇼ㉺ㅬ୕ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ௦࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢࡺࡃ࠼ࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣࡇࡲ࡛⾜ࡃ࠘ ࠉ㯮ἑΎ࣭ᅄ ᪉⏣≟ᙪ࣭ྜྷぢಇဢ࣭ᮤ㬅Ᏹ⦅㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2011 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ37-63 㡫ࠋ ᳃ᓮỤࠗዉⴠࡢ⚄ࠎ̿̿Ⅳᆙປാ⢭⚄ྐ࠘ 㸦Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫ࠊ1973 ᖺࠊ2012 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ ▮ཱྀ♸ேࠗࢀࡢࣁ࣡̿̿᪥ᮏேࡢࣁ࣡ほ࠘ 㸦୰ኸබㄽ᪂♫ࠊ2011 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ࠗ㋀ࡿᮾຓᩍᤵࡀᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓࣁ࣡ࣇࣛࡢṔྐ≀ㄒ࠘ 㸦࢝ࣟࢫฟ∧ࠊ2005 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ ࠗࣁ࣡ࡢṔྐᩥ̿̿ᝒࡾࡢࣔࢨࢡࡢ୰࡛࠘ 㸦୰ኸබㄽ᪂♫ࠊ2002 年） 。 ᒣୗࠕࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡋ࡚ࡢᫎ⏬⏘ᴗࠖ ࠗᡂ⇍㒔ᕷࡢࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ࡞ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾཱྀ࠘ኵ⦅ⴭ㸦ᐉ ఏ㆟ࠊ2007 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ122-60 㡫ࠋ ᅄ᪉⏣≟ᙪࠕ⥲ㄽ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸⚟㡢ࡢࡓࡵࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠘㯮ἑΎ࣭ᅄ᪉⏣≟ᙪ࣭ ྜྷぢಇဢ࣭ᮤ㬅Ᏹ⦅㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2010 年㸧 ࠊ1-28 㡫ࠋ ᮤ㬅Ᏹࠕࣥࢹ࣌ࣥࢹࣥࢺ⣔ᫎ⏬♫ࡢᣢࡘࡁ࡞ᙺࠖ ࠗ࠘ 㸦2007 ᖺ 7 ᭶ྕ㸧 ࠊ54-59 㡫ࠋ ࠕ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ⌧ᅾࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠘㯮ἑΎ࣭ᅄ᪉⏣≟ᙪ࣭ྜྷぢಇဢ࣭ᮤ㬅 Ᏹ⦅㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2010 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ29-55 㡫ࠋ 㮖㇂ⰼࠕࠓዪࡢάࠔࡢ⣔㆕ㄽ̿̿ዪࡽࠗࡃࣀ୍ᚸἲ࠘ࡲ࡛ࠖࠗᫎ⏬㌟య㸭ᛶࠉ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ྐ ྀ᭩ն࠘ᩧ⸨⥤Ꮚ⦅㸦᳃ヰ♫ࠊ2006 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ267-312 㡫ࠋ ȕǣȫȢǰȩȕǣ ࠗALWAYS୕┠ࡢኤ᪥࠘ ࠊᒣᓮ㈗┘╩ࠊ2005 ᖺ㸦ࣂࢵࣉࠊDVDࠊ2006 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ࠗ༑ᅄࡢ▖࠘ ࠊᮌୗᜨ┘╩ࠊ1954 ᖺ㸦ᯇ➉ࠊDVDࠊ2012 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ࠗࣃࢵࢳࢠ㸟࠘ ࠊ⟄ᖾ┘╩ࠊ2005 ᖺ㸦ࣁࣆࢿࢵࢺࠊDVDࠊ2005 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ࠗࣇ࣮ࣛ࢞ࣝ࠘ ࠊᮤ┦᪥┘╩ࠊ2006 ᖺ㸦ࣁࣆࢿࢵࢺࠊDVDࠊ2007 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ࣑ࠗࢫ࣭ࣈࣟࢹࡢ㟷࠘ ࠊࣟࢼࣝࢻ࣭ࢽ࣮࣒┘╩ࠊ1968 ᖺ㸦20 ୡ⣖ࣇ࢛ࢵࢡࢫ࣭࣮࣒࣭࢚࣍ࣥࢱ࣮ ࢸ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࢪࣕࣃࣥࠊ2013 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ ࠗࣔࢼࣜࢨ࣭ࢫ࣐ࣝ࠘ ࠊ࣐ࢡ࣭ࢽ࣮࢙ࣗ࢘ࣝ┘╩ࠊ ࠉ2003 ᖺ㸦ࢯࢽ࣮࣭ࣆࢡࢳ࣮ࣕࢬ࢚ࣥࢱࢸ ࣓ࣥࣥࢺࠊ2004 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ ࠗኤฑࡢ⾤ᱜࡢᅜ࠘ ࠊబࠎ㒊Ύ┘╩ࠊ2007 ᖺ㸦ᮾ᪂♫ࠊ2012 ᖺ㸧ࠋ 43
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