Materials around us: change in state - E
Name: What can you remember? What is matter? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What is a state of matter? _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Write down the 3 main states of matter. __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Watch the video Changing water: states of matter http://goo.gl/LRzZhY You already know that matter exists in 3 main states or forms: solid, liquid and gas. Remember “All matter can move from one state to another“ Practical activity: You will need: A few blocks of ice, a beaker, tripod stand, gas burner, matches. BE CAREFUL! Your teacher will help you with this experiment because the apparatus will become very hot! Here’s what to do: 1) Place the blocks of ice into the beaker. 2) Put the beaker onto the tripod stand with the gas burner underneath it. Light the gas burner. 3) Watch what happens to the ice. What do you observe / see happening to the ice? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ © e-classroom 2015 www.e-classroom.co.za Grade 4 Natural Science Term 2 : Matter and materials; materials around us; Change-in-state GRADE 4 Materials around us: change in state GRADE 4 What do you observe / see happening to the water? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Here’s what is really happening: Ice is a SOLID. As you heat it up, it changes state from solid to LIQUID. We call this process MELTING. When you keep on heating the water, it boils and changes state again, from liquid, to GAS. We call this process EVAPORATION. These changes / processes happen because we are HEATING the matter. Fill in the states of matter in the diagram below: Melting Evaporating HEATING MATTER Other changes happen when we cool matter. Practical Activity continued… Your teacher will demonstrate this part for you because it is dangerous to handle hot equipment. You will need: The apparatus from the previous part of the experiment, a pair of tongs and a ceramic plate. Here’s what to do: 1) Make sure the water in the beaker is boiling and making steam. 2) Using the tongs, hold the plate above the beaker, over the steam. What do you see? __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Your teacher will now take a container of liquid water and place it in a freezer. © e-classroom 2015 www.e-classroom.co.za Grade 4 Natural Science Term 2 : Matter and materials; materials around us; Change in state 4) Let the water boil over the gas burner and watch what happens next. _________________________________________________________ Here’s what’s happening: Water vapour (in the steam) is a GAS. As it travels up onto the surface of the plate, it cools down. It becomes a LIQUID (water droplets) on the plate. This is called CONDENSATION. If we take liquid water and cool it even more, it will change into ice, a SOLID. This is called SOLIDIFYING. These changes / processes happen because we are COOLING the matter. Fill in the states of matter in the diagram below: Grade 4 Natural Science Term 2 : Matter and materials; materials around us; Change-in-state GRADE 4 What do you think will happen to the liquid water? ______ _______________________________________________________ Solidifying Condensing COOLING MATTER Revision Activity 1) Can matter change from one state to another? ______________________________________________________________________ 2) Write down an example of matter changing state. ______________________________________________________________________ 3) Fill in the PROCESSES that cause the matter to change state. HEATING MATTER SOLID LIQUIDGAS COOLING MATTER © e-classroom 2015 www.e-classroom.co.za GRADE 4 Did you know: At pressures below and temperatures above the Triple Point, the change of state will skip the liquid phase and go directly from a solid to a gas. E.g. Dry Ice © e-classroom 2015 www.e-classroom.co.za Grade 4 Natural Science Term 2 : Matter and materials; materials around us; Change in state 4) Give 3 examples of changes in state because of heating. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 5) Give 3 examples of changes in state because of cooling. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ What can you remember? What is matter? Matter is everything that makes up the world we see around us. What is a state of matter? The form matter takes; the state of the matter tells us what characteristics it will have. Write down the 3 main states of matter. Solid, liquid, gas Practical Activity: What do you observe / see happening to the ice? It melts and turns into liquid water. What do you observe / see happening to the water? It is boiling and turning into steam. Fill in the states of matter in the diagram below: Melting Evaporating SOLID LIQUID GAS HEATING MATTER Practical Activity continued… What do you see? The steam becomes little water droplets on the plate surface. Your teacher will now take a container of liquid water and place it in a freezer. What do you think will happen to the liquid water? It will get very cold and freeze into solid ice. Fill in the states of matter in the diagram below: SOLID LIQUID GAS Solidifying Condensing COOLING MATTER © e-classroom 2015 www.e-classroom.co.za Grade 4 Natural Science Term 2 : Matter and materials; materials around us; Change-in-state GRADE 4 Memorandum 1) Can matter change from one state to another? GRADE 4 Yes. 2) Write down an example of matter changing state. Any* Example: Water freezing into ice, water boiling to make steam, etc. Grade 4 Natural Science Term 2 : Matter and materials; materials around us; Change in state Revision Activity 3) Fill in the PROCESSES that cause the matter to change state. HEATING MATTER MELTING EVAPORATION SOLIDLIQUIDGAS SOLIDIFYINGCONDENSATION COOLING MATTER 4) Give 3 examples of changes in state because of heating. Ice-cream melts from solid to liquid. Chocolate melts from a solid bar to liquid. Plastic spoon melts if left on the hot stove plate. 5) Give 3 examples of changes in state because of cooling. Hot candle wax solidifies when candle is no longer burning. Freeze liquid juice to make ice-lollies. Melted chocolate cools to make a solid at room temperature. © e-classroom 2015 www.e-classroom.co.za
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