industry greenhouse gas and wage sustainability
Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program FINAL PROJECT REPORT INDUSTRY GREENHOUSE GAS AND WAGE SUSTAINABILITY Baseline Analysis of Los Angeles County Industries Prepared for: California Energy Commission Prepared by: Economic Roundtable 201 5 C E C ‐500 ‐10 ‐033 Prepared by: Economic Roundtable Primary Author(s): Daniel Flaming Patrick Burns Stephanie Pincetl Ŧ Economic Roundtable 315 W. Ninth St., Suite 502 Los Angeles, CA 90015 Phone: 213-892-8104 | Fax: 213-291-9245 http://www.economicrt.org Contract Number: 500‐10‐033 Prepared for: California Energy Commission Edgar Ventura Contract Manager Aleecia Gutierrez Office Manager Energy Generation Research Office Laurie ten Hope Deputy Director ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION Robert P. Oglesby Executive Director DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our gratitude to the multidisciplinary team that has collaborated in formulating a methodology to develop energy baselines for California regions. Stephanie Pincetl was the principal investigator who was awarded funding by the California Energy Commission to assemble an expert team and synthesize findings from their work. Zoe Elizabeth together with Kristen Holdsworth managed this project on behalf of the California Center for Sustainable Communities Research at UCLA. Mikhail Chester with the School of Sustainability at Arizona State University provided the United States and California EIO‐LCA models and suggestions for using the models. Mike McCoy, formerly Director of the Urban Land Use and Transportation Center of the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California, Davis and now Chair of California’s Strategic Growth Council, provided expert advice about developing models of urban systems. Giovanni Circella, formerly with the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California, Davis and now with the Georgia Institute of Technology, shared data. Andrea Gough, manager of the California Energy Commission’s Demand Analysis Office, provided crucial data breaking out electricity consumption by each industry in Los Angeles County over the past 22 years. Keith O’Brien in the California Energy Commission’s Demand Analysis Office provided data on natural gas consumption by each industry in Los Angeles County over the past five years. Juan Matute with UCLA’s Lewis Center and the Institute of Transportation Studies provided valuable suggestions about the geographic scale for aggregating data and use of the California Emissions Estimator Model in calculating greenhouse gas emissions from customer trips. Shungbin Cho from the Southern California Association of Governments provided trip generation factors from the Institute of Transportation Engineers. We are particularly grateful to Eric Masanet, Scott Matthews and Derrick Carlson, who developed the California multi‐regional input‐output life‐cycle assessment model which was crucial for estimating direct energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by industry. We are similarly grateful for the path breaking work by the Green Design Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in developing the U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment model, which we used to estimate life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions factors. Yvonne Yen Liu, our colleague at the Economic Roundtable, improved our work through her careful review and insightful suggestions. Finally, we would like to express our deep appreciation to the California Energy Commission for recognizing the importance of this research and for underwriting our work. i PREFACE The California Energy Commission Energy Research and Development Division supports public interest energy research and development that will help improve the quality of life in California by bringing environmentally safe, affordable, and reliable energy services and products to the marketplace. The Energy Research and Development Division conducts public interest research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects to benefit California. The Energy Research and Development Division strives to conduct the most promising public interest energy research by partnering with RD&D entities, including individuals, businesses, utilities, and public or private research institutions. Energy Research and Development Division funding efforts are focused on the following RD&D program areas: Buildings End‐Use Energy Efficiency Energy Innovations Small Grants Energy‐Related Environmental Research Energy Systems Integration Environmentally Preferred Advanced Generation Industrial/Agricultural/Water End‐Use Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Technologies Transportation Industry Greenhouse Gas and Wage Sustainability is one of the final reports for the PIER Regional Energy Baselines Methodolgies project (contract number 500‐10‐033,) conducted by the Regents of the University of California, Los Angeles. The information from this project contributes to Energy Research and Development Division’s Transportation Program. For more information about the Energy Research and Development Division, please visit the Energy Commission’s website at www.energy.ca.gov/research/ or contact the Energy Commission at 916‐327‐1551. ii ABSTRACT A baseline profile of Los Angeles County industries is developed using three dimensions of sustainability: greenhouse gas emissions, social sustainability based on wages for workers, and economic viability based on size and growth, with primary emphasis on the first two factors. The metric for assessing greenhouse impacts in different industries and geographic areas is the ratio of jobs to emissions indexed three ways: direct emission from establishment activities, direct emissions from gasoline consumed by customers driving to establishments in private light duty vehicles, and the full life cycle emissions from the supplier chain linked to each establishment as well as from on‐site work at each establishment. Direct establishment emissions are estimated using the California multi‐regional input‐output (MRIO) life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model. Life cycle emissions are estimated using the U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) model. Correction factors for calibrating the models to Los Angeles County are derived from county‐level California Energy Commission data breaking out energy consumption by industry as well as from annual changes in the ratio of industry energy consumption to the amount of value added by industries. Overall consumption of electricity and natural gas by industries in the county has remained roughly constant since 2008, with slight progress in increasing the amount of value added to the economy per terajoule of energy consumed. The steep downward trajectory in energy consumption required to meet state and national goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is not yet evident. Progress toward sustainability requires an industry trajectory that adds 1) higher levels of value to the economy for each terajoule that is consumed, 2) cleaner sources of power that release less greenhouse gas per terajoule consumed, and 3) higher wages so that all workers are paid enough to support a minimum standard of living. Keywords: California multi‐regional input‐output life‐cycle assessment (MRIO‐LCA) model, U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) model, electricity consumption by industry, natural gas consumption by industry, direct greenhouse gas emissions, life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, emissions per job, environmental sustainability, social sustainability, social indicators, economic sustainability, sustainable wages, environmental and economic sustainability trade‐offs, industry sustainability rankings, industry baseline profile, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles City, Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions Please use the following citation for this report: Flaming, Daniel; Patrick Burns; Stephanie Pincetl. (Economic Roundtable). 2014. Industry Greenhouse Gas and Wage Sustainability. California Energy Commission. Publication number: CEC‐XXX‐2014‐XXX. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ viii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Project Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 1 Project Results ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Project Benefits ................................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 1: Sustainability Baseline for Wage and Greenhouse Gas Outcomes from Los Angeles County Industries...................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption ............................................................................. 6 1.1.1 Electricity Consumption by Industry Sector .................................................................. 7 1.1.2 Natural Gas Consumption by Industry Sector .............................................................. 9 1.1.3 Electricity and Natural Gas ............................................................................................. 10 1.2 Economic and Wage Sustainability of Los Angeles County Industries ........................... 16 1.2.1 Wage Sustainability ......................................................................................................... 17 1.2.2 Economic Sustainability .................................................................................................. 18 1.3 Summary of Baseline Conditions in Los Angeles County ................................................. 20 1.3.1 Index of Economic Performance .................................................................................... 20 1.3.2 Policy Implications ........................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 2: Greenhouse Gas and Economic Outcomes from Industries in Sub‐regions of Los Angeles County ................................................................................................................................ 22 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 23 2.2 Direct Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions per Job ................................................ 26 2.2.1 Energy Consumption ....................................................................................................... 26 2.2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................................................................. 27 iv 2.3 Direct Emissions per Job from Gasoline Consumed for Customer Trips ........................ 27 2.4 Life Cycle Emissions per Job .................................................................................................. 30 2.4.1 2.5 Ratio of Life Cycle to Direct Emissions ......................................................................... 32 Average Direct Emissions per Job in Each Region .............................................................. 32 CHAPTER 3: Environmental and Economic Sustainability Trade‐offs ....................................... 34 3.2 Overall Geographic Ranking .................................................................................................. 35 3.2.1 Geographic Aggregation ................................................................................................. 35 3.2.2 Overall Ranking of Geographic Areas in Los Angeles County ................................. 36 3.2.3 County of Los Angeles Industry Rankings .................................................................. 37 3.2.4 City of Los Angeles Industry Rankings ........................................................................ 42 3.2.5 San Fernando Valley Industry Rankings ...................................................................... 44 3.2.6 North Los Angeles County Industry Rankings ........................................................... 46 3.2.7 Los Angeles Metro Industry Rankings ......................................................................... 49 3.2.8 Arroyo Verdugo Industry Rankings ............................................................................. 51 3.2.9 San Gabriel Valley Industry Rankings .......................................................................... 53 3.2.10 Westside Cities Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 56 3.2.11 South Bay Cities Industry Rankings .............................................................................. 58 3.2.12 Gateway Cities Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 60 3.2.13 Las Virgenes Industry Rankings .................................................................................... 63 3.3 Sustainability Summary for Los Angeles Industries ........................................................... 65 3.3.1 Policy Implications ........................................................................................................... 66 GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................................. 68 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX A: Methodology for Assessing Industry Sustainability based on both Environmental and Economic Impacts ................................................................................................. 1 A.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1 A.2 Geographic Aggregation ........................................................................................................... 2 A.3 Direct Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial, Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1) .............................................................. 2 v A.4 Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial, Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1, 2, 3) ...................................................... 6 A.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Customer Trips to Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1) ....................................................................................................................... 9 A.6 Discussion of MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA .............................................................................. 11 APPENDIX B: Spatial Co‐Occurrence of Indicators of Social Well Being and Commercial Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..................................................................... 1 B.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1 B.2 Description of Social Indicator Data ........................................................................................ 1 B.2.1 B.3 Data Sources ........................................................................................................................ 2 Spatial Co‐Occurrence of Environmental Indicators and Social Indicators ...................... 7 B.3.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 7 B.3.2 Findings about Co‐Occurrence of Environmental and Social Indicators ................... 7 B.3.3 Implications of Not Finding Spatial Correlation in the Occurrence of Environmental and Social Indicators ............................................................................................ 19 APPENDIX C: Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, by Geographic Region ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 C.1 C.1.2 Direct Energy Consumption, GHG Emissions and Wages per Job .................................... 1 Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions ................................................................... 16 C.1.3 Average gallons of gasoline and metric tons of GHG per job for public trips, Los Angeles County .................................................................................................................................... 20 C.1.4 Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons GHG per Job, LA County ................................ 25 C.2.1 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County ............................................. 36 C.2.2 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA .............................................. 48 C.2.3 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley ............................ 60 C.2.4 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County ............................... 65 C.2.5 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro ..................................... 70 C.2.6 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo ................................... 75 C.2.7 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG ...................... 80 C.2.8 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities ...................................... 85 vi C.2.9 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG .......................... 90 C.2.10 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG ............................ 95 C.2.11 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG ................ 100 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Distribution of Electricity Consumption among Los Angeles County Industries in 2012 ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2: Annual Terajoules of Electricity Consumed by Industries in Los Angeles County..... 7 Figure 3: Annual Terajoules of Natural Gas Consumed by Industries in Los Angeles County . 8 Figure 4: Distribution of Natural Gas Consumption among Industries in 2012; Excluding Electric Power Generation and Petroleum Extraction and Refining .............................................. 9 Figure 5: Annual Terajoules of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed by Industries .............. 10 Figure 6: Value Created in All Industry Sectors per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas 11 Figure 7: Amount of Value Added per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed by Industry Sectors in 2011 ...................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 8: Tons of CO2e Emitted from Direct Industry Consumption of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed in 2012 ........................................................................................................................ 13 Figure 9: State and Federal Targets for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050 ............ 15 Figure 10: Annual Average Wages in in Los Angeles County Industries 2011 .......................... 16 Figure 11: Distribution of Los Angeles County Labor Force based on Hourly Wages .............. 17 Figure 12: Median Earned Income 1979 to 2011 .............................................................................. 18 Figure 13: Los Angeles County Industry Employment Size 2011 ................................................. 19 Figure 14: Change in Los Angeles County Industry Employment 1996 to 2011 ......................... 20 Figure 15: Los Angeles County Industries Ranked by Economic and Social Sustainability ..... 21 Figure 16: Direct Terajoules of Energy Consumed per Job, Los Angeles County 2011 ............. 25 Figure 17: Metric Tons of Greenhouse Gases Directly Emitted per Job, Los Angeles County 2011 ......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 18: Percent of Direct GHG emissions from Customer Trips vs. Establishment Activities in 2011 .................................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 19: Life Cycle Metric Tons of GHG emissions per Job in Los Angeles County, 2011 .... 30 Figure 20: Terajoules of Energy Directly Consumed per Job in 2011 for Sub‐regions of Los Angeles County .................................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 22: Nine SCAG Sub‐regions in Los Angeles County .......................................................... 35 Figure A.1: Estimating Direct Establishment Emissions .................................................................. 3 viii Figure A.2: Estimating Life Cycle Establishment Emissions ........................................................... 6 Figure A.3: Estimating Emissions Generated by Customer Trips to Establishments ................ 10 Figure B.1: Census Tracts in Los Angeles County, 2010 ................................................................... 2 Figure B.3: Percent of Households that are Rent Burdened by Census Tract ‐ 2010 .................... 8 Figure B.2: Percent of Families in Poverty by Census Tract ‐ 2010 ................................................. 8 Figure B.4: Terajoules of Energy Directly Consumed by Establishments in Census Tract ......... 9 ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: California Greenhouse Gas Emission Trajectory ........................................................... 15 Table 2.1: Metric Tons of Direct GHG per Job in 2011 from Establishment Activities and Customer Gasoline ............................................................................................................................... 28 Table 3.2: Overall Ranking of Geographic Areas ............................................................................ 37 Table 3.3: County of Los Angeles Industry Rankings ..................................................................... 38 Table 3.4: City of Los Angeles Industry Rankings .......................................................................... 42 Table 3.5: San Fernando Valley Industry Rankings ........................................................................ 45 Table 3.6: North Los Angeles County Industry Rankings ............................................................. 47 Table 3.7: Los Angeles Metro Industry Rankings ............................................................................ 50 Table 3.8: Arroyo Verdugo Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 52 Table 3.9: San Gabriel Valley Industry Rankings ............................................................................ 54 Table 3.10: Westside Cities Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 57 Table 3.11: South Bay Cities Industry Rankings .............................................................................. 59 Table 3.12: Gateway Cities Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 61 Table 3.13: Las Virgenes Industry Rankings .................................................................................... 64 Table 3.14: Summary of Los Angeles County Industry Rankings ................................................ 65 Table A.1: Computations for Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City ...................................................................................................................... 1 Table C.1.2: Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions ............................................................. 16 Table C.1.3: Average Gallons of Gasoline and Metric Tons of GHG per Job for Public Trips .. 20 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County ...... 25 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County ........................................ 36 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA ......................................... 48 Table C.2.3: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley ....................... 60 Table C.2.4: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County .......................... 65 Table C.2.5: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro ................................ 70 x Table C.2.6: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo .............................. 75 Table C.2.7: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG ................. 80 Table C.2.8: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities ................................ 85 Table C.2.9: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG .................... 90 Table C.2.10: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG .................... 95 Table C.2.11: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG ......... 100 xi xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Los Angeles is a world metropolis situated in a fragile air shed that provides homes and jobs for a transnational labor force. The region’s future will emerge out of an economy deeply intertwined with both environmental and socio‐economic realities. Achieving sustainability requires an industry structure that provides enough jobs for the labor force, pays sustaining wages to workers, and sharply reduces the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to jobs. This report provides an integrated framework for assessing both the environmental and social sustainability of industries. Socio‐ecological interrelations are assessed based on greenhouse gas emissions per job, socio‐economic interrelations are assessed based on wages per job and also the economic robustness of industries. Scaling these effects to a single job provides a policy tool for analyzing how each industry affects: 1) the environmental balance sheet for employing the region’s labor force while remaining under the greenhouse gas emission ceilings set forth in federal, state and local goals, 2) the social balance sheet for providing the region’s labor force with wages that support a basic standard of living. Energy enables workers to add value to the economy. Consumption of energy by industry and concomitant greenhouse gas emissions are essential prerequisites for the jobs of most workers in Los Angeles County’s labor force. This analysis documents the relationship between environmental impacts and job opportunities in Los Angeles in the context of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and future urban sustainability. Project Purpose The purpose for this project is to identify industry development and job growth options that will make the region more environmentally and socially sustainable. This baseline profile of Los Angeles County industries uses three dimensions of sustainability: greenhouse gas emissions, economic viability based on size and growth, and social sustainability based on wages for workers. This inclusive framework for assessing sustainability draws on the concept of three pillars of sustainable development that was put forward by the United Nations Brundtland Commission in 1987. Emission reduction targets for both the United States and California converge on reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 83 percent in 2050. The baseline evidence presented in this report indicates that the amount of energy consumed by Los Angeles’ industries has remained roughly constant and has not yet shifted into the steep downward trajectory required to meet 2050 goals. Local government can help achieve the goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by making land use decisions and enacting development policies that encourage a regional industry structure that adds growing value to the economy and employs growing numbers of workers while decreasing amounts of greenhouse gases released. Information in this report can be used in assessing trade‐offs for achieving both social and environmental sustainability. 1 Project Results Outcomes from analyzing the baseline relationship between energy, greenhouse gas emissions and social indicators led to using three industry‐specific factors in assessing trade‐offs for achieving overall sustainability. The three factors are 1) energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, 2) industry viability, and 3) wage levels, with greatest emphasis for the first and third factors. These industry factors provide tools for addressing the three dimensions of sustainability for the region’s industries ‐ environmental, social and economic viability. This analysis of the baseline relationship between energy, greenhouse gases and wage sustainability draws on multiple data sets to produce estimates of greenhouse gas and wage outcomes for each type of industry in each sub‐region of the county. Data sources include: Longitudinal establishment data for each employer in the county with addresses, industry classifications, employment levels, and payroll amounts for each facility. Annual data from the California Energy Commission identifying the amount of electricity and natural gas consumed by each industry in Los Angeles County. Direct energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission factors for each industry provided by the California multi‐regional input‐output (MRIO) life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model. Life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission factors for each industry provided by The U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) model. This combination of data sources means that industry employment and payroll data is accurate and specific to each sub‐region, however greenhouse gas emission factors represent statewide averages for each industry in the case of direct emission estimates using the MRIO‐LCA model, and national averages for each industry in the case of life cycle estimates using the EIO‐LCA model. An additional limitation is that both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are derived from the Bureau of Economic Analysis’ 2002 benchmark Input‐Output Make and Use tables. Correction factors for the time lag built into these models comes from annual energy consumption data provided by the California Energy Commission, which are applied to direct emission estimates produced using the California MRIO‐LCA model, and annual changes in the amount of value added per worker in each industry in Los Angeles, which are incorporated into both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models. Three key strengths of MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are their comprehensiveness, consistency, and use of very rich, complex and reliable data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The 2002 benchmark Input‐Output Make and Use tables describe each industry separately, covering the entire industry structure. A single framework of industry relationships is used to produce energy and emissions factors for every industry, covering the entire economy. These models made it possible for this analysis to link employment at each establishment with standardized industry factors for energy consumption and greenhouse emissions in order to estimate the environmental impact of each establishment. 2 Overall consumption of electricity and natural gas by industries in the county has remained constant since 2008, with slight progress in increasing the amount of value added to the economy per terajoule of energy consumed. Extracting and refining petroleum for transportation uses (leaving out the impacts of burning the fuel in transportation uses) accounts for nearly a third of the greenhouse gasses emitted by industries in Los Angeles County. Measured against environmental benchmarks, the county’s industries have not yet made visible progress in meeting the federal target for 2020 of reducing greenhouse gas emissions 17 percent below 2005 levels. Measured against social benchmarks, employment is increasing concentrated in the service sector, with a large segment of employment in low‐wage service industries. Los Angeles County lags behind the state and nation in median levels of earned income, and the city lags behind the county. The metric for assessing greenhouse impacts in different industries and geographic areas was the ratio of jobs to emissions indexed three ways: direct emission from establishment activities, direct emissions from gasoline consumed by customers driving to establishments in private light duty vehicles and the full life cycle emissions from the supplier chain linked to each establishment added to direct emissions from establishment activities. The three industries with the highest greenhouse gas emissions per job in 2011 were petroleum refining (12,292 tons), air transportation (1,442 tons), and utilities (941 tons). These high emissions in a small number of basic industries skewed the overall average upward. The entire industry base of the county emitted an average of 33 tons of greenhouse gases per job in 2011. At the low end of the spectrum, office‐based industries had direct greenhouse gas emissions of roughly one‐twentieth of a ton per job. Customer trips are estimated to account for a metric ton or more annually of greenhouse gas emissions per employee in 20 major industries, and account for more emissions per job than establishment activities in 18 major industries. The emission profile of a number of industries shifts from negligible to significant emissions per job when the impact of gasoline consumed for customer trips is taken into account. Industries in each sub‐region of Los Angeles County are ranked on two scales, wage sustainability and greenhouse gas sustainability based on both direct emissions from establishment activities and emissions from gasoline consumed for customer trips to establishments. The quintile benchmarks used for ranking were derived by dividing Los Angeles County’s labor force in 2011 into wage quintiles and greenhouse gas quintiles, with an equal number of employees in each quintile on each scale. In many instances the ranking for environmental sustainability differs from the ranking for wage sustainability. In the near‐term, these rankings differences identify trade‐offs. In the long‐ term, they identify sustainability weaknesses that need to be improved to increase industry sustainability and long‐term prospects for viability. 3 When Los Angeles County industries are rolled up into 23 broad sectors and broken out into quintile rankings based on wage and greenhouse sustainability, only five sectors representing 26 percent of total employment, both pay at least average wages and emit less than 2.2 metric tons of greenhouse gasses per job each year. Three‐quarters of the county’s industry base pays less than average wages, has average or higher emissions, or both. The very highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions are from cornerstone industries that provide energy and movement that are essential for the economy ‐ petroleum extraction and refining, electric power generation and distribution, air transportation, and trucking. The lowest wages are predominantly in routine service industries – retail, restaurants, hotels and personal services. Some industries are both socially and environmentally sustainable when seen individually, however, all industries are dependent on the energy and transportation sectors of the economy, which are emission‐intensive. The long‐term sustainability of all industries is dependent on cleaner sources of energy and higher levels of value added to the economy per unit of energy consumed. Progress toward environmental sustainability requires improved technologies and industry processes for producing electricity and petroleum and for moving people and goods much more efficiently and with much less dependence on fossil fuels. To become more socially, economically and environmentally sustainable, Los Angeles County must move its industry base toward: 1. Higher levels of value added to the economy for each terajoule that is consumed, preferably achieved through greater energy efficiency for existing industries. 2. Cleaner sources of power that release less greenhouse gas per terajoule consumed. 3. Higher wages so that all workers are paid enough to support the minimum standard of living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well‐being. Possible approaches for achieving sustainable wages include incentives for higher‐wage industries and increases in the minimum wage. Project Benefits Data from this study is operationally relevant for informing land use decisions in Los Angeles County, Los Angeles City and each of the nine Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions in the county. This can take place, for example, by using this information in developing city master plans as well as in in zoning and permit approval decisions. This includes detailed data for assessing sustainability strengths and weaknesses of industries in each region: Direct and life cycle energy consumption per job by industry Direct and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per job by industry Direct greenhouse gas emissions from gasoline consumed for customer trips 4 Average wages in each industry in each region Policy relevant information includes identification of industry sectors that: 1. Support a growing economy that is socially and environmentally sustainable. 2. Provide significant labor force benefits but at an unsustainable environmental cost and should be targeted for energy efficiency investments to increase competitiveness. 3. Provide jobs with low associated greenhouse gas emissions but do not pay sustaining wages and should be targeted for wage improvements. 4. Have significant carrying costs for both the social safety net because of low wages and the environment because of high greenhouse gas emissions. 5 CHAPTER 1: Sustainability Baseline for Wage and Greenhouse Gas Outcomes from Los Angeles County Industries This report provides an integrated framework for assessing both the environmental and social sustainability of industries. Socio‐ecological interrelations are assessed based on greenhouse gas emissions per job, socio‐economic interrelations are assessed based on wages per job and also the economic robustness of industries. Scaling these effects to a single job provides a policy tool for analyzing how each industry affects: 1) the environmental balance sheet for employing the region’s labor force while remaining under the greenhouse gas emission ceilings set forth in federal, state and local goals, 2) the social balance sheet for providing the region’s labor force with wages that support a basic standard of living. This baseline profile measures Los Angeles County industries using three dimensions of sustainability: greenhouse gas emissions, social sustainability based on wages for workers, and economic viability based on size and growth.1 The next chapter uses this framework to analyze industry conditions and sustainability trade‐offs in sub‐regions of the county Figure 1: Distribution of Electricity Consumption among Los Angeles County Industries in 2012 Offices Other Commercial Retail Petro. Extract. & Refine Durable Mfg Nondurable Mfg Utilities Hotels & Restaurants Transport & Warehouse Schools & Colleges Health Care Ag, Mining, Constuction 17% 12% 11% 11% 8% 8% 8% 7% 7% 5% 5% 1% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Source: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database 1.1 Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption Electricity and natural gas provide most of the energy that enables workers to add value to the economy, and are therefore essential prerequisites for the jobs of most workers in Los Angeles 1 The concept of three pillars of sustainable development is attributable to the United Nations Brundtland Commission (1987), “Our Common Future,” http://www.un‐documents.net/our‐common‐future.pdf. 6 County’s labor force. The relationship between energy consumption, concomitant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and value added to the economy provides a starting point for investigating industry sustainability. 1.1.1 Electricity Consumption by Industry Sector The distribution of electricity consumption among industries in 2012 is shown in Figure 1. Offices were the largest consumer (17 percent), followed by other commercial (12 percent), retail (11 percent), and petroleum extraction and refining (11 percent). Petroleum‐related electricity consumption is primarily for refineries. Figure 2: Annual Terajoules of Electricity Consumed by Industries in Los Angeles County 200,000 180,000 Hotels & Restaurants 160,000 Schools & Colleges Health Care 140,000 Other Commercial 120,000 Offices 100,000 Retail Transport & Warehouse 80,000 Nondurable Mfg 60,000 Durable Mfg 40,000 Petro. Extract. & Refine Utilities 20,000 Ag, Mining, Constuction 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 Source: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database Detailed data about electricity consumption by different industries in Los Angeles County is available from the California Energy Commission from 1990 onward. Electrical power consumption for uses other than residences and street lighting, that is, for commercial and governmental activities, peaked in 2001 at 184,880 terajoules, as shown in Figure 2. Electricity consumption dropped following the 2001 recession, increased from 2004 until the 2008 7 Figure 3: Annual Terajoules of Natural Gas Consumed by Industries in Los Angeles County 450,000 400,000 Hotels & Restaurants Schools & Colleges 350,000 Health Care 300,000 Other Commercial Office 250,000 Retail 200,000 Transport. & Warehousing Nondurable Manufacturing 150,000 Durable Manufacturing Electric Power Gen. & Dist. 100,000 Petroleum Extract. & Refining 50,000 Water, Sewage, Waste Mgmt. Ag., Mining, Construction 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database recession, although not to the 2001 level, and then declined through 2011.2 Industry electricity consumption increased in 2012, from 166,064 terajoules in 2011 to 172,192 terajoules in 2012. This suggests an overall pattern of fluctuation that follows business cycles within a consumption band of 160,000 to 180,000 terajoules of electricity a year to power the county’s industries. Electricity consumption by industries has remained fairly stable over the 23‐year time window shown in Figure 2. The greatest rates of change were an average annual decline of 2.7 percent 2 Terajoules are used as the unit of measure in this discussion so as to provide a common framework for describing all forms of energy used by industries, including electricity, natural gas and petroleum. Natural gas and petroleum are primary forms of energy and electricity is a secondary form, however both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models used in chapter 2 and the discussion of the overall industry profile of Los Angeles County industries, as measured by natural gas and electricity consumption, require this integrated fame of reference. Care has been taken to avoid double counting natural gas used to generate electricity when discussing the combined consumption of natural gas and electricity. 8 for durable manufacturing and an average annual growth of 2.4 percent for other commercial – a catch‐all category made up mostly of technical and professional services.3 1.1.2 Natural Gas Consumption by Industry Sector In 2012, industries in Los Angeles County consumed roughly 2.4 times as many terajoules of natural gas as they did of electricity. However, 37 percent of the natural gas consumed by industries is used to generate electric power, and thus is double‐counted when it reappears in this study as electric power. When natural gas used to generate electric power is left out of the calculation, industries consume 1.5 times as many terajoules in the form of natural gas as in the form of electricity. A breakout of natural gas consumption by industry sectors from 2008 through 2012 is shown in Figure 3.4 In 2012, 69 percent of the natural gas consumed by industries was used to extract and refine petroleum (32 percent) and to generate electricity (37 percent). Double counting of natural gas energy used to generate electricity is avoided by removing it from the natural gas inventory in this section of the baseline analysis. This is necessary because GHG emission factors for electricity include the impacts of consuming natural gas to generate electricity. There is a related issue with natural gas as it is consumed at petroleum refineries to produce transportation fuel. However, unlike electricity, the consumption of natural gas at refineries is not included as a direct impact when computing greenhouse gas emissions, so it Figure 4: Distribution of Natural Gas Consumption among Industries in 2012; Excluding Electric Power Generation and Petroleum Extraction and Refining Nondurable Manufacturing Hotels & Restaurants Other Commercial Durable Manufacturing Office Schools & Colleges Health Care Transport. & Warehousing Retail Water, Sewage, Waste Ag., Mining, Construction 27% 14% 11% 9% 8% 8% 8% 7% 6% 1% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% Source: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database 3 This is labelled “miscellaneous” by the California Energy Commission and includes: gasoline stations, motion picture and recording, information services, data processing services, commercial and industrial leasing, architects and engineers, other professional and technical services, technical and trade schools, arts, entertainment and recreation, RV parks, repair and personal services, religious organizations, civic organizations, justice and public safety. 4 The time window for data breaking out natural gas consumption in Los Angeles County by industry is shorter than the comparable breakout for electric power. The natural gas breakout covers 2008 to 2012. 9 Figure 5: Annual Terajoules of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed by Industries 450,000 426,011 422,643 411,123 416,514 426,796 400,000 350,000 Terajoules 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Natural gas except for electric power generation Electric power Source: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database does not result in double counting. The natural gas energy that is embedded in refined petroleum appears only in life‐cycle computations of emission impacts. When the industry uses of natural gas that transform it into other forms of energy, i.e., electricity and petroleum, are removed from the mix, the remaining 31 percent of the inventory is consumed for the establishment‐based uses shown in Figure 4. Nondurable manufacturing accounts for 27 percent of establishment‐based consumption, followed by hotels and restaurants, which consume 14 percent. Heating commercial buildings, the use encompassed by two categories, other commercial and offices, accounts for a total of 19 percent of establishment‐based consumption of natural gas. 1.1.3 Electricity and Natural Gas There is less year‐to‐year variation in the combined consumption of electricity and natural gas by the county’s industries (excluding consumption of natural gas for electric power generation) than there is when electricity or natural gas consumption are studied individually (Figure 5). Over the five years of 2008 to 2012, industries in Los Angeles Counties consumed an annual average of 421,000 terajoules of natural gas and electricity. In 2012, total consumption of these two forms of energy slightly exceeded the 2008 level. Throughout the five‐year interval shown in Figure 5, industry consumed 41 percent of the combined energy provided by electricity and natural gas in the form of electricity and 59 percent in the form of natural gas (excluding natural gas used for electric power generation). 10 Figure 6: Value Created in All Industry Sectors per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas Value Added Activity per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas $1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,158,509 $1,214,133 $1,163,462 $1,164,925 2010 2011 $1,000,000 $800,000 $600,000 $400,000 $200,000 $0 2008 2009 Source: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN annual value added data for Los Angeles County in 2010 dollars, source data is from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts 1.1.4 Value Created in the Economy per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas A critical metric for assessing energy consumption is the amount of value that is added to the economy through the use of energy. “Value added” is the wealth created by local industries. Value is added almost entirely through the work done by the labor force. The economy and the jobs of workers become more environmentally sustainable when more value is created per unit of energy, and even more so, when more value is created per unit of greenhouse gas emitted. From 2008 through 2011, all industries combined added an average of $1,175,000 to the economy for every terajoule of electricity and natural gas that they consumed (excluding natural gas used to generate electricity), as shown in Figure 6. 5 There was a 1 percent increase from 2008 to 2011 in the amount of value added per terajoule of energy consumed by industries. This hints at slight progress toward increased energy efficiency. The amount of value added per terajoule of energy consumed in 2011 is broken out by broad industry sector in Figure 7, with electric power and natural gas each shown separately. Looking first at natural gas consumption, offices added the most value to the economy ‐ $20,733,129 per terajoule of natural gas consumed and petroleum extraction, refining added next to the least ‐ $97,619, and electric power generation added the least ‐ $37,895. The low amount of value 5 Energy consumption data is from the California Energy Commission, value added data for Los Angeles County is from IMPLAN data for the county in each year. 11 Figure 7: Amount of Value Added per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed by Industry Sectors in 2011 Offices Ag, Mining, Constuction $1.20 $10.40 Other Commercial $2.49 Health Care $2.01 $2.41 Durable Mfg $2.35 $1.72 Hotels & Restaurants $0.82 $1.22 Nondurable Mfg $0.54 $1.32 Electricity $4.79 $0.68 $0.91 Utilities ex. Electricity $0.71 $0.37 Petro. Extract. & Refine $0.10 $0.72 Electric Power $9.80 $1.49 Transport & Warehouse Natural Gas $7.26 $4.22 Retail Schools & Colleges $20.73 $7.28 $0.04 $0.00 $0 $5 $10 $15 $20 $25 Millions of Dollars of Value Added per Terajoule in 2011 Sources: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database and IMPLAN annual value added data for Los Angeles County in 2010 dollars added per terajoule of natural gas consumed in producing petroleum and electric power represents the outcomes for energy‐intensive industrial activities that produce comparatively inexpensive commodities – refined petroleum and electricity. Looking now at the amount of value added per terajoule of electricity consumed, many industries consume more energy in the form of natural gas than electricity, but the industry ranking based on energy‐intensity is the same as for natural gas except for the combined sectors of agriculture, mining and construction. This sector added the most value to the economy per terajoule of metered electricity – $10,404,698. In the cases of agriculture and mining this reflected high reliance on petroleum (which is not shown in this figure) as an energy source; in the case of construction this reflected the fact that on‐site electricity used for construction is not typically billed to the construction company. Offices added the next highest amount of value to the economy per terajoule of electricity consumed – $7,275,797. Utilities added the least value to the economy per terajoule of electricity consumed – $367,441 – except $0 for electric power. This reflects the large amount of 12 Figure 8: Tons of CO2e Emitted from Direct Industry Consumption of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed in 2012 16,000,000 13.4 Million Tons 14.1 Million Tons Tons of CO2 Equivalent in 2012 14,000,000 Schools & Colleges Health Care 12,000,000 Hotels & Restaurants Other Commercial 10,000,000 Offices 8,000,000 Retail Transport & Warehouse 6,000,000 Nondurable Mfg 4,000,000 Durable Mfg Utilities ex. Electric 2,000,000 Petro. Extract. & Refine Ag, Mining, Constuction 0 Tons CO2e from Electric Power Tons CO2e from Natural Gas Sources: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions energy required to produce and move low‐cost commodities, for example water. In the case of electric utilities it reflects incorporation of utility electricity consumption as part of overall energy loss in producing and distributing electric power. 1.1.5 GHG Emissions from Industry Consumption of Electricity and Natural Gas In 2012, electricity and natural gas directly consumed by industries in Los Angeles County produced an estimated 27.5 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions, as shown in Figure 8. Extracting and refining petroleum accounted for nearly a third of these emissions – 8.7 million tons, followed by nondurable manufacturing – 2.9 tons and offices – 2.9 tons. Combining the 13 impacts of electricity and natural gas for all industries, 64.4 tons of greenhouse gases were emitted for every terajoule of energy consumed. 6 These emissions estimates provide a benchmark for estimating the trajectory of reductions needed to meet federal targets for reducing overall production of greenhouse gas. 1.1.6 Reductions in GHG Necessary to Meet State and Federal Targets California Assembly Bill 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, establishes a comprehensive program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from all sources throughout the state. The scoping plan for AB 32, which was adopted in 2008 uses 1990 as the benchmark year and sets out the goals for reducing total emissions as well as per capita emissions through 2050, as shown in Table 1.1. The goal for 2050 is to reduce the states total greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent from what they were in 1990 or 83 percent of what they were in 2005. The goals anticipate population growth and call for reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 90 percent in 2050, with a seven percent reduction achieved by 2000 and holding through 2010. In advance of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the White House announced the following targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions:7 2020: 17 percent below 2005 levels 2025: 30 percent below 2005 levels 2030 42 percent below 2005 levels 2050: 83 percent below 2005 levels These targets have not yet by adopted by Congress and signed into law, but they provide federal benchmarks for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Emission reduction targets for both the United States and California are shown in Figure 9. Both sets of goals converge on reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 83 percent in 2050. 6 This estimate is based on United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 factor of 77.6 tons of CO2 equivalent emissions for every terajoule of electricity generated in California and the Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator factor of 50.3 metric tons or 55.4 short tons of CO2 equivalent emissions for every terajoule of natural gas consumed. The basis for the GHG emissions benchmark is a statewide average electricity generation emission value, which does not reflect the differences in emission based on differences in the sources of power utilized by different electric utilities throughout the state. A methodological alternative for future studies is to use utility‐specific data available through the California Energy Commissions Power Source reports 7 U.S. White House (November 25, 2009), ” President to Attend Copenhagen Climate Talks,” http://www.whitehouse.gov/the‐press‐office/president‐attend‐copenhagen‐climate‐talks 14 Figure 9: State and Federal Targets for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050 Annual GHG Emissions as % of 2005 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1990 2000 2005 2010 California AB 32 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050 U.S. Department of Energy Sources: U.S. Department of Energy (December 02, 2009), EERE Network News; California “Climate Change Scoping Plan: A Framework for Change,” December 2008, p 118. Achieving the goals set out by the state and federal governments will be a remarkable accomplishment. Table 1.1: California Greenhouse Gas Emission Trajectory Year 1990 2000 2005 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Millions of Metric Tons of CO2 Equivalent for California 427 452 487 522 422 284 185 85 Total Emissions as % of 1990 Level 100% 106% 114% 122% 99% 67% 43% 20% Total Emissions as % of 2005 Level 88% 93% 100% 107% 87% 58% 38% 17% Metric Tons of CO2 Equivalent per Person 14.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 9.6 5.8 3.4 1.4 Per Capita Emissions as % of 1990 Level 100% 93% 93% 93% 67% 41% 24% 10% Source: California Air Resources Board, “Climate Change Scoping Plan: A Framework for Change,” December 2008, Page 118. 2005 data is interpolated from 2000 and 2010 to provide a comparison point for the federal benchmark. The baseline evidence presented in this report indicates that the amount of energy consumed by Los Angeles’ industries has remained roughly constant and has not yet shifted into the steep downward trajectory shown in Figure 9. Local government can help achieve the targeted reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through land use and development policies that encourage a regional industry structure that adds growing value to the economy and employs growing numbers of workers while releasing decreasing amounts of greenhouse gases. 15 1.2 Economic and Wage Sustainability of Los Angeles County Industries This section of the baseline analysis addresses two non‐environmental dimensions of industry sustainability. The first dimension is wage sustainability – does an industry pay its workers enough to support “the minimum standard of living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well‐being?”8 The second dimension is economic sustainability – is an industry large enough to be significant and is it growing or declining? These non‐environmental dimensions of sustainability are integrated with wages given triple weight to create an index of economic performance.9 Wages were triple weighted to reflect their importance for social sustainability. Figure 10: Annual Average Wages in in Los Angeles County Industries 2011 Mining, Petro Extraction Utilities Finance & Insurance Holding Companies Information Arts & Entertainment Prof., Scientific, & Tech. Public Administration Mfg: Metal & Machinery Construction Wholesale Trade Real Estate & Rental Health & Social Assist Mfg: Paper & Chemical Transportation Couriers & Storage Educational Mfg: Food & Apparel Janitors, Temps, Guards Retail: Home Goods Agriculture, Forestry Retail: General Other Personal Svcs. Hotel & Restaurants $159K $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 2011 Annual Wages ‐ Thousands of $ $80 $90 $100 Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County 8 These criteria for the minimum level of worker compensation are from Section § 202 ‐ Congressional finding and declaration of policy, The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. 9 An overall index of economic performance was created, with wages given triple weight. Three factors were combined in this index: employment size, change in employment size, and average industry wage. A higher score on the index indicates higher performance. Each of the 23 industry sectors was ranked based on each of the three factors. The index was created by adding together an industry’s ranking on these three factors, after the wage ranking had been multiplied by three to give it triple weight. With three factors being combined and the wage factor triple weighted, wage levels accounted for 60 percent of the overall ranking, industry size 20 percent, and change in industry size 20 percent. 16 1.2.1 Wage Sustainability Wages are central to the well‐being of workers. Annual average wages in Los Angeles County’s formal economy are shown in Figure 10. Thirty‐five percent of jobs are in the seven industries with average wages for all workers (managers through janitors) that are under $40,000. At the bottom are hotels and restaurant jobs, paying under $20,000 a year. This low‐wage cluster tops out with food and apparel manufacturing industries with average wages of about $39,000 a year The middle cluster of industries starts with education, paying an average of about $51,000 a year, and extends through metal and machinery manufacturing, paying average wages of about $71,000 a year. This cluster of nine industries accounts for 41 percent of employment. The highest paying cluster of industries starts with public administration, paying an average of about $77,000 a year, and extends to a small employment cohort in utilities earning an average of about $99,000 a year and an even smaller cohort in mining and petroleum extraction earning an average of about $159,000 a year. This cluster of the eight highest paying industries accounts for 24 percent of Los Angeles County’s employment in the formal economy. The hourly wage distribution of Los Angeles County’s entire labor force, including workers in both the formal and informal economies, is shown in Figure 11.10 Informal workers typically have lower wages, pulling down the earnings levels for formal workers shown in Figure 10, but providing a more complete picture of earnings. Forty‐three percent of workers are paid less than fifteen dollars an hour. This hourly wage is approximately 200 percent of the poverty threshold, representing a minimum living wage in a high‐cost region like Los Angeles. The large number of low‐wage workers means that many households do not have enough income to pay for basic life necessities. Figure 11: Distribution of Los Angeles County Labor Force based on Hourly Wages Full time Part time 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000 Number of Workers Hourly Wage <$9 $9-14.99 $15-21.99 $22-34.99 $35+ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample, Los Angeles County 2007-2011 10 Household survey respondents to the American Community Survey include individuals who work informally. 17 Figure 12: Median Earned Income 1979 to 2011 $40,000 California $35,000 United States Los Angeles County $30,000 Los Angeles City $25,000 1979 1989 1999 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1980, 1990 and 2000 Decennial Census and 2005 to 2012 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Samples and tables Median earnings of the entire labor force, including informal workers, are shown in Figure 12. This time series from 1979 through 2011 shows earned income of the median worker, the typical worker who is in the middle of the wage distribution. Los Angeles City and County have lower median earnings than California and the United States. Median earnings in Los Angeles City are particularly low – in 2011 they were 11 percent less than in the county, 16 percent less than in the United States, and 19 percent less than in California. 1.2.2 Economic Sustainability 1.2.2.1 Industry Size The most basic characteristic of an industry is whether it can be found in a region and the share of total employment that it provides. A summary view of Los Angeles County’s industry structure at the 2‐digit NAICS classification level is shown in Figure 13. Only 12 percent of employment is in goods‐producing industries. This is the industry super‐sector whose primary product is making tangible things – growing food, extracting minerals, making and distributing electric power and other utilities, constructing buildings, and manufacturing consumable and durable goods. Many goods‐producing industries are comparatively small. Mining and 18 Figure 13: Los Angeles County Industry Employment Size 2011 Health & Social Assist Educational Hotel & Restaurants Retail: Home Goods Prof., Scientific, & Tech. Other Personal Svcs. Janitors, Temps, Guards Wholesale Trade Mfg: Metal & Machinery Information Public Administration Finance & Insurance Retail: General Transportation Mfg: Food & Apparel Arts & Entertainment Real Estate & Rental Mfg: Paper & Chemical Holding Companies Couriers & Storage Construction Utilities Agriculture, Forestry Mining, Petro Extraction 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 2011 Employment ‐ Thousands 400 450 500 Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County agriculture each account for only a tenth of one percent of employment. Utilities and construction each account for only one percent. Service‐producing industries account for the other 88 percent of employment. This includes transportation (4 percent), wholesale trade (6 percent), retail trade (10 percent), information (5 percent), finance (6 percent), professional services (8 percent), health and education (21 percent), leisure and hospitality (11 percent), other services (13 percent), and public administration (excluding schools and health care 4 percent). 1.2.2.2 Industry Growth Trajectory A second critical dimension of industry performance is growth or decline. For example, until the end of the cold war and the collapse of military aerospace manufacturing in Los Angeles in 1990, high technology firms and the secondary tier of metal working suppliers accounted for 10 percent of jobs in the county. By 2012, this sector had lost 61 percent of the jobs it had in 1990.11 Despite its high wages, employment in this sector is precarious due to long‐term decline. Change in the employment size of industry sectors from 1996 to 2011 is shown in Figure 14. The six industries with the highest rates of job growth are in the service sector. The four industries with the highest rate of job loss are in the goods‐producing sector. Decline in construction can 11 California Employment Development Department, Industry Employment Data for Los Angeles County, 1990‐2012. 19 Figure 14: Change in Los Angeles County Industry Employment 1996 to 2011 Other Personal Svcs. Arts & Entertainment Prof., Scientific, & Tech. Hotel & Restaurants Health & Social Assist Retail: Home Goods Real Estate & Rental Mining, Petro Extraction Utilities Retail: General Agriculture, Forestry Transportation Finance & Insurance Wholesale Trade Educational Janitors, Temps, Guards Public Administration Couriers & Storage Information Holding Companies Mfg: Metal & Machinery Mfg: Paper & Chemical Mfg: Food & Apparel Construction ‐6% ‐5% ‐4% ‐3% ‐2% ‐1% 0% 1% 2% % Change in Employment 1996‐2011 3% 4% Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County probably be explained by the highly volatile nature of the industry. Low employment in 2011 was the result of the recent recession. 1.3 Summary of Baseline Conditions in Los Angeles County 1.3.1 Index of Economic Performance An overall ranking of industries’ economic performance is shown in Figure 15. This index was derived by averaging the rankings of each industry based on size in 2011, change in size from 1996 to 2011, and average wage in 2011. The average wage was given triple weight when computing the rankings because of the central importance of earnings for social sustainability. Industries that rank highest on the economic performance index are knowledge‐intensive, for example professional services, finance, information and health care, or capital‐intensive, for example, petroleum extraction and utilities. Industries that rank lowest on the index pay low wages, for example, agriculture, food and apparel manufacturing, retail, courier and storage services, paper and chemical manufacturing, janitors and security guards, and hotels and restaurants. Overall consumption of electricity and natural gas by industries in the county has remained constant since 2008, with slight progress in the amount of value added to the economy per 20 Figure 15: Los Angeles County Industries Ranked by Economic and Social Sustainability Prof., Scientific, & Tech. Finance & Insurance Mining, Petro Extraction Arts & Entertainment Utilities Health & Social Assist Information Holding Companies Wholesale Trade Mfg: Metal & Machinery Real Estate & Rental Educational Transportation Retail: Home Goods Construction Other Personal Svcs. Hotel & Restaurants Janitors, Temps, Guards Mfg: Paper & Chemical Couriers & Storage Retail: General Mfg: Food & Apparel Agriculture, Forestry 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Economic Performance 100 = Highest 80 90 100 Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County. Note: The progression from cooler to warmer colors in the figure reflects progressively lower levels of sustainability. terajoule of energy consumed. Extracting and refining petroleum for transportation uses (leaving out the impacts of burning the fuel when it is used in transportation) accounts for nearly a third of the greenhouse gasses emitted by industries in Los Angeles County. The county’s industries have not yet made visible progress in meeting state and federal targets for 2020. Both targets call for roughly similar outcomes – the state goal is reducing greenhouse gas emissions one percent below the 1990 level, the federal goal is reducing emissions 17 percent below the 2005 level. Looking at social sustainability benchmarks, employment is increasing concentrated in the service sector, with a large segment of employment in low‐wage service industries. Los Angeles County lags behind the state and nation in median levels of earned income, and the city lags behind the county. 1.3.2 Policy Implications Progress toward environmental sustainability requires improved technologies and industry processes for producing electricity and petroleum and for moving people and goods much more efficiently and with much less dependence on fossil fuels. To become more socially, economically and environmentally sustainable, Los Angeles County must move its industry base toward: 21 1. Higher levels of value added to the economy for each terajoule that is consumed. 2. Cleaner sources of power that release less greenhouse gas per terajoule consumed. 3. Higher wages so that all workers are paid enough to support “the minimum standard of living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well‐being.” 22 CHAPTER 2: Greenhouse Gas and Economic Outcomes from Industries in Sub-regions of Los Angeles County 2.1 Introduction Los Angeles is a world metropolis situated in a fragile air shed that provides homes and jobs for a transnational labor force. This region’s future will emerge out of an economy deeply intertwined with environmental and socio‐economic realities. Achieving sustainability requires an industry structure that sharply reduces the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to jobs in the region, provides enough jobs for the labor force, and pays sustaining wages to workers. This analysis documents the relationship between environmental impacts and job opportunities in Los Angeles in the context of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and future urban sustainability. It provides information that encompasses the entire employment base in Los Angeles County’s formal economy. (Analyzing impacts from the informal economy is outside the scope of this study.) It describes the energy intensity and economic sustainability of industry activity in the city and county of Los Angeles as well as in each of SCAG’s nine sub‐ regions in the county. The most frequently used metric is the ratio of jobs to greenhouse gas emissions estimated through three frameworks: 1. Direct emission from establishment activities 2. Direct emissions from estimated gasoline consumed by customers driving to establishments in private light duty vehicles 3. Life cycle emissions from the supplier chain linked to activities at each establishment as well as from establishment activities Activities that severely stress the environment represent areas in which more efficient industrial processes are needed to preserve jobs as constraints on greenhouse gas emissions become increasingly severe. Activities with a light environmental footprint that provide a significant number of jobs represent win‐win opportunities for economic growth. Similarly, jobs that pay less than living wages identify sectors where the wage floor is too low to pay for basic expenses. Jobs that pay living wages represent social sustainability strengths of the region. Policy‐relevant information from this analysis includes identification of industry sectors that: 1. Provide opportunities for a growing economy that is socially and environmentally sustainable, or 2. Provide significant labor force benefits but at an unsustainable environmental cost and should be targeted for energy efficiency investments to increase their competitiveness, or 3. Provide jobs with low associated greenhouse gas emissions but do not pay sustaining wages and should be targeted for wage improvements, or 4. Have significant carrying costs for both the social safety net and the environment. 23 Trade‐offs of the sustainability strengths and weaknesses of the industry structure in each sub‐ region are analyzed in the next chapter. This analysis of the baseline relationship between energy, greenhouse gases and wage sustainability draws on multiple data sets to produce estimates of greenhouse gas and wage outcomes from each type of industry in each sub‐region of the county. (Some data sources are specific to individual establishments, and others that are specific to the county, the state or the nation. (For a detailed discussion of the methods used, see Appendix A.) A partial list of data sources includes: Longitudinal establishment data for each employer in the county with specific addresses, industry classifications, employment levels, and payroll amounts at each facility. Data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis for Los Angeles County, via Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN), showing the amount of value added per employee in each industry, in each year. The California multi‐regional input‐output (MRIO) life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model developed for the California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency, which provides direct energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission factors for each industry. Annual data from the California Energy Commission identifying the amount of electricity and natural gas consumed by each sector in Los Angeles County. This data provides industry‐level correction factors for the estimates produced using the California MRIO‐LCA model. The U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, which provides life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions factors for each industry. Data from the Air Resources Board breaking out the amount of gasoline used annually in Los Angeles County by different types of vehicles. Data from Argonne National Laboratory’s GREET 1 model that provides vehicle emission factors for each year based on California’s fuel mix and vehicle mileage characteristics. This combination of data sources means that industry employment and payroll data is accurate and specific to each sub‐region, however greenhouse gas emission factors represent statewide averages for each industry in the case of direct emission estimates using the MRIO‐LCA model, and national averages for each industry in the case of life cycle estimates using the EIO‐LCA model. An additional limitation is that both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are derived from the Bureau of Economic Analysis’ 2002 benchmark Input‐Output Make and Use tables. Correction factors for the time lag built into these models comes from annual energy consumption data provided by the California Energy Commission, which are applied to direct emission estimates produced using the California MRIO‐LCA model, and annual changes in the 24 amount of value added per worker in each industry in Los Angeles, which is obtained from IMPLAN and incorporated into estimates made using both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models. Three key strengths of MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are their comprehensiveness, their consistency, and their use of very rich, complex and reliable data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. (For additional discussion about the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models, see section A.6 in Appendix A.) The 2002 benchmark Input‐Output Make and Use tables describe each industry separately, covering the entire industry structure. A single framework of industry relationships is used to produce energy and emissions factors for every industry, covering the entire economy. These models made it possible for this analysis to link employment at each establishment with standardized industry factors for energy consumption and greenhouse emissions in order to estimate the environmental impact of each establishment. These establishment‐level estimates were aggregated by industry for each sub‐region of the county, thereby protecting establishment confidentiality and also populating industry classifications with sufficiently large numbers of firms as to be statistically reliable. Figure 16: Direct Terajoules of Energy Consumed per Job, Los Angeles County 2011 Petroleum Refining Utilities Air Transportation Pipeline Transportation Mining, Petroleum Extraction Truck Transportation Couriers Passenger Transit LA COUNTY AVERAGE Agriculture, Forestry Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. Construction Water Transportation Public Administration Food & Apparel Manufacturing Metal & Other Durable Mfg Sightseeing Transportation Hotels & Restaurants Support Activities for Transport Retail Trade Warehousing Educational Services Real Estate & Leasing Information Health & Social Assistance Holding Companies Wholesale Trade Professional, Scientific, & Tech Srv Arts & Entertainment Postal Service Other Services Admin Support & Waste Mgmnt Finance & Insurance 153 47 6.2 2.8 2.7 1.5 0.93 0.71 0.63 0.49 0.45 0.34 0.33 0.26 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Terajoules per Job 7 8 9 10 Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database; California MRIO-LCA direct impacts model 25 2.2 Direct Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions per Job 2.2.1 Energy Consumption There is great variation in the amount of energy required for the activities that workers carry out in their jobs. The estimated number of terajoules consumed from all sources per job in each industry is shown in Figure 16. Petroleum refineries consumed 153 terajoules for each person they employed in 2011. Other industries that consumed large amounts of energy per job include utilities (47), air transportation (6.2), pipeline transportation (2.8), petroleum extraction (2.7), and truck transportation (1.5). Industries that produce energy or move things are energy‐intensive. Figure 17: Metric Tons of Greenhouse Gases Directly Emitted per Job, Los Angeles County 2011 Petroleum Refining Air Transportation Electric Power Generation Petroleum Extraction Natural Gas Distribution Truck Transportation Water & Sewage Couriers Pipeline Transportation Passenger Transit Water Transportation Waste Management Agriculture LA COUNTY AVERAGE Public Administration Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Sightseeing Transportation Food & Apparel Mfg. Hotels Warehousing Bakeries Travel Agencies & Tours Postal Service Metal & Other Durable Mfg Nursing Care Facilities Restaurants Educational Services Other Services Social Assistance Hospitals Ambulatory Health Care Rental & Leasing Arts & Entertainment Retail Trade Document Copying & Mail Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. Wholesale Trade Architecture & Engineering Legal Services Accounting Finance & Insurance Specialized Design Srv Information Employment Services Motion Picture Theaters 16 14 10 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.04 0.01 0 43 35 33 50 76 137 127 222 211 100 150 200 250 300 Direct Metric Tons GHG per Job in 2011 12,292 1,442 1,439 544 394 343 350 400 Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database; California MRIO-LCA direct impacts model 26 The countywide average was 0.63 terajoules per job per year. At the low end of energy consumption, finance and insurance establishments consumed 0.01 terajoules per job. Other office‐based jobs have similarly low levels of energy consumption. These ratios of energy consumption to jobs combine reliable establishment‐level employment data with the industry energy and emission factors from the California MRIO‐LCA model. The outcomes from that model corrected based on data from the California Energy Commission reporting electricity and natural gas by industry in Los Angeles County. This justifies a high level of confidence in the industry spread produced by the ratios. The methods used to produce this data are described in greater detail in Appendix A. Appendix C provides more detailed information about direct energy consumption per job, breaking out these impacts at the 4‐digit NAICS industry classification level for Los Angeles County and City, and the 3‐digit level for each of the nine SCAG sub‐regions. 2.2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Energy consumption correlates closely with greenhouse gas emission, with some variation in this correlation based on variation in energy source among industries. Natural gas produces 50.3 metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions for every terajoule consumed, electricity produces 70.4 tons, and vehicle gasoline produces 83.9 tons.12 The three industries with the highest direct greenhouse gas emissions per job in 2011 were petroleum refining (12,292 tons), air transportation (1,442 tons), and electric power generation (1,439 tons), as shown in Figure 17. The overall industry base of the county directly emitted 33 tons of greenhouse gases for each job in 2011. At the other end of the spectrum, office‐based industries had direct GHG emissions of roughly one‐twentieth of a ton per job. 2.3 Direct Emissions per Job from Gasoline Consumed for Customer Trips The trip generation models used for land use planning were used in this analysis to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from customer trips.13 Land use planners currently estimate the level 12 This estimate is derived from United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0. 13 These estimates were derived from the California Emissions Estimator Model, Table 4.3 Mobile Trip Rates, South Coast Air Quality Management District, 2011, and for industries not covered by that model, from the ITE Trip Generation Handbook ‐ 2nd Edition. Industries such as manufacturing that do not have public customer traffic are not assigned a trip generaton factor. 27 Table 2.1: Metric Tons of Direct GHG per Job in 2011 from Establishment Activities and Customer Gasoline Establishment Customer Industry and NAICS Code Activities Gasoline Bakeries (3118) 3.6 1.0 Retail Trade (44-45) 0.1 7.0 Air Transportation (481) 1,442.0 2.2 Water Transportation (483) 76.2 0.5 Passenger Transit (485) 126.8 0.3 Sightseeing Transportation (487) 10.1 0.6 Postal Servicer (491) 2.4 3.9 Couriers (492) 210.9 3.7 Finance & Insurance (52) 0.1 4.2 Rental & Leasing (53) 0.3 1.0 Motion Picture Theaters (5121) 0.0 52.3 Legal Services (5411) 0.1 0.3 Accounting (5412) 0.1 0.2 Architecture & Engineering (5413) 0.1 0.2 Specialized Design Srv (5414) 0.1 0.0 Veterinary & Misc Prof Srv (5419) 0.1 1.2 Employment Services (5613) 0.0 0.2 Copying & Mail Service (5614) 0.1 2.3 Travel Agencies (5615) 3.4 0.3 Educational Services (61) 1.0 1.2 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 0.5 1.9 Hospitals (622) 0.5 1.1 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 2.1 1.0 Social Assistance (624) 0.5 0.9 Arts & Entertainment (71) 0.2 2.1 Hotels (721) 4.0 2.3 Restaurants (722) 2.1 13.5 Other Services (81) 0.9 1.3 Public Administration (92) 15.6 1.5 Los Angeles County Average 32.7 2.5 Source: Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. of vehicle traffic that will be generated by new developments in determining parking and road improvement requirements. Customer traffic also creates greenhouse gas emissions from combustion of gasoline. Trip generation data were calibrated to employment and linked with the amount of gasoline consumed for customer trips by the public to business and government. This methodology is 28 Figure 18: Percent of Direct GHG emissions from Customer Trips vs. Establishment Activities in 2011 Motion Picture Theaters Finance & Insurance Retail Trade Document Copying & Mail Srv. Arts & Entertainment Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. Restaurants Employment Services Rental & Leasing Ambulatory Health Care Legal Services Architecture & Engineering Srv Accounting Hospitals Social Assistance Postal Service Other Services Educational Services Specialized Design Srv Hotels Nursing Care Facilities Bakeries Public Administration Travel Agencies & Tours LA COUNTY AVERAGE Sightseeing Transportation Couriers Water Transportation Passenger Transit Air Transportation 0% 10% 20% 30% Establishment Activities 40% 50% 60% Customer Gasoline 70% 80% 90% 100% Source: Economic Roundtable method for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. described in greater detail in Appendix A. Impacts of commercial transportation, including commercial vehicle fleets, are included in the direct industry impacts shown by the California MRIO‐LCA model. Including impacts from customer traffic adds a missing piece to estimates of industry greenhouse gas emissions generated by industry activity. Emissions from both establishment activities and customer trips are shown in Table 2.1. Customer trips account for a metric ton or more of GHG emissions per employee in 20 industries. Motion picture theaters lead this list with 52 tons per year per employee, followed by restaurants with 13 tons, and then retail trade with 7 tons. The emission profile of a number of industries shifts from negligible to significant emissions per job when the impact of customer traffic is taken into account. Gasoline consumed for customer trips accounts for more emissions per job than establishment activities in 18 industries, as shown in Figure 18. Appendix C provides detailed industry information about greenhouse gas emissions associated with vehicle operations during customer trips. 29 Figure 19: Life Cycle Metric Tons of GHG emissions per Job in Los Angeles County, 2011 Electric Power Generation Natural Gas Distribution Pipeline Transportation Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg Water & Sewage Petroleum Extraction Waste Management Food & Apparel Mfg Passenger Transit Bakeries Public Administration Metal & Other Durable Mfg LA COUNTY AVERAGE Agriculture Construction Information Hospitals Warehousing Educational Services Hotels Motion Picture Theaters Real Estate and Leasing Sightseeing Transportation Wholesale Trade Arts & Entertainment Architecture & Engineering Restaurants Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. Travel Agencies & Tours Ambulatory Health Care Specialized Design Srv Retail Trade Legal Services Nursing Care Facilities Finance and Insurance Transport Support Activities Other Services Postal Service Accounting Document Copying & Mail Srv. Employment Services 15,326 5,517 3,695 1,359 1,000 651 485 318 224 156 145 138 136 121 71 50 50 47 36 33 33 31 31 31 28 25 25 25 22 18 18 18 16 16 16 15 15 14 13 10 3 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Life Cycle Metric Tons GHG per Job in 2011 Source: Economic Roundtable calculation of life cycle GHG emissions. See Appendix A.4 additional information. 2.4 Life Cycle Emissions per Job Life cycle emissions include all of the embedded greenhouse emissions released through industry activities of upstream suppliers. The estimated life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per job in in Los Angeles County in 2011 are shown in Figure 19. The method used to produce these estimates is described in Appendix A. Tables breaking out life cycle impacts in greater industry and geographic detail are provided in Appendix C. The life cycle average for all industries in 2011 was an estimated 136 metric tons of greenhouse gases per job. Life cycle estimates are less reliable than those for direct emissions, but they have 30 Figure 20: Terajoules of Energy Directly Consumed per Job in 2011 for Sub-regions of Los Angeles County Metro Los Angeles 1.1 South Bay Cities 0.9 Los Angeles City 0.8 San Gabriel Valley 0.7 Los Angeles County 0.6 Gateway Cities 0.4 No Los Angeles Co 0.4 San Fernando Valley 0.2 Westside Cities 0.1 Arroyo Verdugo 0.08 Las Virgenes 0.08 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Terajoules of Direct Energy per Job in 2011 1.0 1.2 Source: Economic Roundtable calculation of direct energy consumption. See Appendix A.3 for additional information. two important uses.14 First, they provide an index of the comparative life cycle impacts of different industries. Second, they identify industries with high life cycle impacts that may well face increasing competitive hurdles as market costs associated with carbon continue to increase and prices charged by upstream suppliers increase. The ranking of industries based on life cycle emissions (Figure 19) is roughly similar to the ranking based on direct emissions (Figure 17). In both the direct and life cycle rankings, energy sources and transportation have the highest emissions per job. Electric power generation is the high‐emission outlier based on life cycle impacts, whereas petroleum refining is the outlier based direct impacts. Electric power generation and distribution has far greater life cycle impacts than any other industry – 15,326 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions per job per year. 14 As explained in Appendix section A.4, the correction factor used to bring U.S. EIO‐LCA life cycle factors into alignment with actual impacts in Los Angeles County was annual changes in the ratio of energy consumed by individual industries to the value added by industries in the county. This correction factor improves the reliability of the estimates but is not as robust as the actual quantities of energy consumed by each industry that were used to correct MRIO‐LCA factors in estimating direct emissions. Because of anomalies in life cycle GHG estimates from the EIO‐LCA model compared to direct GHG estimates from the MRIO‐LCA model, life cycle data for five industries has been removed from estimates shown in this chapter and in Appendix C: Petroleum Refining, Air Transportation, Truck Transportation, Water Transportation, and Couriers. 31 Government activities have above average life cycle impacts 145 annual metric tons of greenhouse gases compared to an overall average of 136 tons. These above‐average impacts are the result of energy‐intensive activities such as building, maintaining and operating the utility and transportation infrastructures, operating heavy vehicles to transport goods, and operating vehicles to provide public safety services. 2.4.1 Ratio of Life Cycle to Direct Emissions For all industries in the county, life cycle GHG impacts are roughly four times greater than direct impacts (136 vs. 33 metric tons of emissions per job per year), but this ratio varies widely among industries. A rough rule of the thumb is that industries with low direct impacts often have proportionately larger upstream impacts in their supplier chain, and industries with high direct impacts often have proportionately smaller upstream impacts in their supplier chain. The ratio of life cycle to direct GHG emissions per job is shown below for a sample of industries. Agriculture LOS ANGELES COUNTY AVERAGE Hotels Public Administration Waste Management Restaurants Warehousing Social Assistance Ambulatory Health Care Education Hospitals Real Estate and Leasing Retail Trade Professional, Scientific, and Technical Wholesale Trade Finance and Insurance Information 3 4 8 9 11 12 12 19 38 38 100 120 124 268 276 287 1,026 2.5 Average Direct Emissions per Job in Each Region The estimated energy consumption and greenhouse emissions per job are the same for industries throughout the county, but there are substantial differences in the industry structure of different regions, producing wide variation in the amount of energy consumed and greenhouse gas released per job in different regions of the county. Figure A.1 in Appendix A is a map of SCAG sub‐regions in Los Angeles County. The highest energy consumption per job (1.1 terajoules) is in Metro Los Angeles, which is the urban core of the region with a high concentration of manufacturing and utility establishments. The South Bay Cities are next with 0.9 terajoules per job in 2011, as shown in Figure 20. 32 Figure 21: Metric Tons of GHG per Job from Establishment Activity and Customer Trips for Subregions of Los Angeles County, 2011 South Bay Cities Metro Los Angeles Los Angeles City Los Angeles County Gateway Cities San Gabriel Valley North Los Angeles County Westside Cities San Fernando Valley Arroyo Verdugo Las Virgenes 0 10 20 30 40 50 Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Establishment Activities 60 70 80 Customer Gasoline Source: Economic Roundtable calculation of direct GHG emissions. See Appendix A.3, A.5 for additional information. The lowest energy consumption per job is in Las Virgenes (Malibu sub‐region) and Arroyo Verdugo (a small sub‐region made up of La Canada Flintridge and Montrose) with 0.08 terajoules consumed per job. This low level of energy consumption is attributable to industry structures in these areas that are heavily tilted toward retail and services. The pattern shifts with greenhouse gas emissions. The South Bay Cities are the regional hub for petroleum refining and have the highest greenhouse gas emissions per job, as shown in Figure 21. This includes 71 metric tons of GHG per job from establishment activities and almost 3 tons from customer trips. Los Virgenes (Malibu) has a small, service‐based economy and the lowest emissions per job – 3 tons from establishment activities and almost 3 tons from customer trips. A different pattern emerges for customer trip emissions. The highest level of emissions from customer trips is in Arroyo‐Verdugo – 5.2 tons per job, followed by North Los Angeles County with 3.7 tons per job. This is the result of industry structures in these sub‐regions that are skewed toward retail and consumer service industries, including restaurants. 33 CHAPTER 3: Environmental and Economic Sustainability Trade-offs 3.1 Sustainability Benchmarks The benchmarks used to rank industries and geographic areas are shown in Table 3.1 below. Higher wages and lower GHG emissions are represented by higher scores (tier 5 – the best tier), while lower wages and higher GHG emissions have lower scores (tier 1 – the worst tier). The ranking benchmarks were derived by dividing Los Angeles County’s labor force in 2011 into wage quintiles, each with an equal number of employees, and also direct greenhouse gas emission quintiles, each with an equal number of employees. The greenhouse gas rankings include both direct establishment emissions and gasoline emissions from customer trips per employee. Because of the importance of wage levels, the social sustainability rankings in the following tables are based solely on this factor. Detailed data about industry size and employment change is provided in Appendix C. Industries and geographic sub‐regions are ranked twice – first based on greenhouse gas emissions per job and second based on average wages. In many instances the ranking for environmental sustainability differs from the ranking for wage sustainability. In the near‐term, these rankings differences identify trade‐offs. In the long‐term, they identify sustainability weaknesses that need to be improved to increase industry sustainability and long‐term prospects for viability. The ranking process uses average greenhouse gas emissions and wages to place industries within interval categories that each represents equal numbers of workers. Consequently, a small number of workers with high emissions per job or high wages sometimes skew the overall average for a geographic area. This sometimes results in lowering the overall environmental ranking or raising the wage ranking for a geographic area. Table 3.1: Emission and Wage Benchmarks for Each Tier Metric Tons of Direct GHG per Job 2011 (Establishment & Customer Gasoline) Tier Best Worst Bottom of Tier Average Annual Wage 2011 Top of Tier Bottom of Tier Top of Tier 5 0.00 0.49 $80,000 Highest 4 0.50 2.19 $55,600 $79,999 3 2.20 3.49 $47,000 $55,599 2 3.50 9.99 $30,500 $46,999 1 10.00 Highest $1 $30,499 34 Figure 22: Nine SCAG Sub-regions in Los Angeles County 3.2 Overall Geographic Ranking 3.2.1 Geographic Aggregation This analysis uses employer data from the California Employment Development Department, which provides establishment‐level employment and payroll data for every employer in Los Angeles County from 1996 through 2011—a total of 1,011,707 employers. This information provides a practical tool for evaluating trade‐offs to identify the most sustaining workforce employment and job creation opportunities. Information provided by these time‐series records includes the following information for the approximately 400,000 employers that are active in Los Angeles County in any given year: 35 Address Six‐digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Monthly employment Quarterly payroll This highly disaggregated data is aggregated into the nine Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions shown in Figure 22. The sub‐region breakout groups Burbank and Glendale with the San Fernando Valley, leaving only the small communities of La Canada Flintridge and La Crescenta‐Montrose in the Arroyo Verdugo sub‐region. Employment and payroll information was used to calculate average wages.15 Since the data is establishment level administrative records rather than the worker level records, it supports computation of average but not median wages. This constraint was not limiting ‐ average industry wage was judged to be the best single measure of industry social sustainability.16 Factors for greenhouse gas emission for each industry from the California multi‐regional input‐ output (MRIO‐LCA) model and for gasoline emission from customer trips were linked to employment at each establishment to estimate direct greenhouse gas emissions. The methodology for these estimates was discussed in Chapter 2 and is explained in greater detail in Appendix A. Summary tables with rolled‐up rankings for each geographic area are shown in this chapter. More detailed industry data aggregated at the three‐digit NAICS level for each of the nine SCAG sub‐regions, and at the four‐digit NAICS level for Los Angeles City and County is provided in Appendix C. 3.2.2 Overall Ranking of Geographic Areas in Los Angeles County The city and county of Los Angeles and each of the nine SCAG sub‐regions are given overall sustainability rankings in Table 3.2. All but two geographic areas have the lowest greenhouse gas ranking (1), as a result of the skewing effect of high‐emission industries in each area. However, there is wide variation within this “worst” ranking, ranging from 10.20 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions per job in the San Fernando Valley to 74.06 metric tons per job in the 15 In the ranking tables, employment numbers for sub‐regions and industries fall about 1 percent short of total employment shown in each table for three reasons. First, a small number of establishments do not have accurate address data, so they can not be assigned to a sub‐region. Second, if industries have five or fewer establishments in a geographic area, data are suppressed. Third, establishemnts whose industry classification is not determined are incuded in total employment but not in industry breakouts. 16To provide a consistent unit of measure of pay it was necessary to annualize worker earnings, yielding data for average earnings. There is significant wage variation within industries – differences among occupations and also differences among establishments and geographic areas. The average summarizes the overall outcome from all of this polycentric variation. By using average earnings we are able to show the overall effect of an industry on labor income in a community. 36 South Bay. Los Virgenes and Arroyo Verdugo, with most employment in service‐producing industries and therefore fewer emissions per job, are in the second‐worst tier (2) for greenhouse gas emissions. The City of Los Angeles and four of the SCAG sub‐regions have average wage levels that place them in the next to the highest tier (4) for wage sustainability. The county and the San Fernando Valley are in the middle range (tier 3). Four sub‐regions are in the next to the lowest wage tier (2): North Los Angeles County, Arroyo Verdugo, San Gabriel Valley, and Gateway Cities. 32.58 2.48 35.06 1 4 42.62 2.40 45.02 1 789,782 $51,266 3 7.79 2.41 10.20 1 74,297 $40,241 2 11.37 3.66 15.03 1 1,121,339 $60,982 4 57.03 2.29 59.31 1 9,108 $39,547 2 3.68 5.19 8.86 2 San Gabriel Valley 618,163 $44,434 2 18.64 2.77 21.41 1 Westside Cities 221,915 $72,979 4 9.39 2.34 11.73 1 South Bay Cities 360,558 $58,594 4 71.45 2.61 74.06 1 Gateway Cities 681,367 $43,099 2 26.03 2.50 28.53 1 42,168 $64,458 4 3.11 2.58 5.69 2 San Fernando Valley North Los Angeles County Los Angeles Metro Area Arroyo Verdugo Las Virgenes Greenhouse Gas Rank 3 $57,512 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 $53,434 1,572,622 Average Wage Rank 3,954,626 Los Angeles City Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Los Angeles County Geographic Area Employment 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Table 3.2: Overall Ranking of Geographic Areas Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.3 County of Los Angeles Industry Rankings Sustainability rankings for all of the industries in Los Angeles at a high level of aggregation (for more detailed information see Appendix C) are shown in Table 3.3. Most industries present trade‐offs between environmental and wage sustainability strengths. Of the 46 industry categories shown in Table 3.3, only 13 industries are in the same tier for both environmental and wage rankings; 36 industries have different environmental and wage rankings. 3.2.3.1 Low Wage Industries Seven industries that employ 29 percent of the labor force have average wages of thirty thousand dollars a year or less. This average includes all workers in the industry, from manager to janitors. To become socially sustainable these industries need to raise wage levels. 37 Restaurants and Bars Other Services (personal and repair services) Employment Services (temporary employment agencies) Agriculture, Forestry Nursing Care Facilities Hotels Retail Trade $17,905 $24,673 $27,294 $28,803 $29,945 $30,069 $30,586 Four of these seven very‐low‐wage industries are in the lowest two quintiles based on greenhouse gas impacts and thus are doubly challenged to both raise wages and reduce emissions. These four industries are restaurants and bars, agriculture and forestry, hotels, and retail trade. The other three industries have average or above average greenhouse gas rankings – nursing care (tier 3) other services (tier 4) and employment services (tier 5). 3.2.3.4 Low Wage, High Emission Industries Nine industries are in the first or second tier for both greenhouse gas emissions and wages. Average annual wages and greenhouse gas emissions per job are: Restaurants and Bars Agriculture, Forestry Hotels Retail Trade Sightseeing Transportation Bakeries Food and Apparel Manufacturing Passenger Transit Truck Transportation Couriers $17,905 $28,803 $30,069 $30,586 $32,188 $33,692 $39,369 $39,697 $41,948 $43,899 15.56 metric tons 35.66 metric tons 6.31 metric tons 7.19 metric tons 10.75 metric tons 4.56 metric tons 4.5 metric tons 127.14 metric tons 343.18 metric tons 214.61 metric tons Four of these nine industries were flagged earlier because of their low wages. Many low wage industries have adverse environmental impacts in addition to adverse social impacts. To become sustainable these industries are challenged to both raise wages and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Industry Group Title (NAICS) Employment 2011 Table 3.3: County of Los Angeles Industry Rankings Agriculture, Forestry (11) 5,793 $28,803 1 35.66 0.00 35.66 1 Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) 4,250 $155,719 5 277.54 0.00 277.54 1 38 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 GHG Quintile Ranking 1,439.43 0.00 1,439.43 1 Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 5,043 $83,114 5 393.89 0.00 393.89 1 Water, Sewage & Other Systems (2213) 7,641 $80,467 5 221.96 0.00 221.96 1 108,717 $53,346 3 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 89,798 $39,369 2 4.50 0.00 4.50 2 Construction (23) Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking 5 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ $109,316 Electric Power Gen. & Trans. (2211) Employment 2011 16,560 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Bakeries (3118) 15,620 $33,692 2 3.56 1.00 4.56 2 Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) 64,497 $48,023 3 14.30 0.00 14.30 1 4,127 $109,796 5 12,274.62 0.00 12,274.62 1 Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 198,084 $69,659 4 2.17 0.00 2.17 4 Wholesale Trade (42) 210,917 $55,522 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 Retail Trade (44-45) 398,253 $30,586 2 0.14 7.04 7.19 2 18,161 $63,078 4 1,442.02 2.17 1,444.19 1 Water Transportation (483) 3,026 $64,775 4 76.18 0.49 76.67 1 Truck Transportation (484) 25,632 $41,948 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 Passenger Transit (485) 20,896 $39,697 2 126.82 0.32 127.14 1 608 $101,644 5 136.52 0.00 136.52 1 1,114 $32,188 2 10.13 0.63 10.75 1 Support Activities for Transp. (488) 46,981 $61,518 4 9.93 0.02 9.95 2 Postal Service (491) 18,873 $60,054 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Petroleum Refining (324) Air Transportation (481) Pipeline Transportation (486) Sightseeing Transportation (487) Couriers (492) 18,547 $43,899 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 Warehousing (493) 16,189 $47,108 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 119,091 $95,311 5 0.01 0.47 0.48 5 79,252 $92,446 5 0.11 0.40 0.50 4 142,749 $95,708 5 0.05 4.22 4.27 2 Rental & Leasing (53) 73,682 $52,917 3 0.26 1.02 1.28 4 Legal Services (5411) 47,920 $104,859 5 0.07 0.26 0.34 5 Accounting (5412) 40,712 $67,929 4 0.07 0.17 0.25 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 36,299 $107,039 5 0.08 0.24 0.31 5 8,275 $66,661 4 0.05 0.05 0.10 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 14,996 $46,015 2 0.13 1.15 1.28 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 114,292 $85,388 5 0.15 0.00 0.15 5 Holding Companies (55) 55,162 $94,513 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Employment Services (5613) 89,580 $27,294 1 0.04 0.23 0.28 5 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 15,356 $37,700 2 0.13 2.31 2.45 3 8,086 $49,692 3 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 128,127 $36,665 2 3.21 0.14 3.35 3 Educational Services (61) 356,462 $49,847 3 0.97 1.24 2.21 3 Motion Picture & Video (5121) Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) Finance & Insurance (52) Specialized Design Srv (5414) Travel Agencies (5615) 39 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 4 0.48 1.87 2.35 3 Hospitals (622) 148,221 $67,255 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 70,905 $29,945 1 2.10 0.95 3.05 3 Social Assistance (624) 68,746 $32,501 2 0.52 0.90 1.42 4 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 79,990 $90,194 5 0.22 2.08 2.30 3 Hotels (721) GHG Quintile Ranking $55,646 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 182,500 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Employment 2011 Ambulatory Health Care (621) Industry Group Title (NAICS) 40,880 $30,069 1 4.00 2.31 6.31 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 295,488 $17,905 1 2.10 13.46 15.56 1 Other Services (81) 261,112 $24,673 1 0.88 1.25 2.14 4 Public Administration (92) 156,543 $75,290 4 15.27 1.48 16.75 1 3,954,626 $53,434 3 32.58 2.48 35.06 1 Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.3.2 Very High Emission Industries Ten industries have 100 or more metric tons of direct greenhouse gas emissions per employee per year from establishment activities and customer trips. Petroleum Refining Air Transportation Electric Power Generation and Distribution Natural Gas Distribution Truck Transportation Mining, Petroleum Extraction Water, Sewage and Other Systems Couriers Pipeline Transportation Passenger Transit 12,275 metric tons 1,444 metric tons 1,439 metric tons 394 metric tons 343 metric tons 278 metric tons 222 metric tons 215 metric tons 137 metric tons 127 metric tons These very‐high‐emission industries provide energy and transportation for the entire industry structure of the region. These services are indispensable for the economy; however these ten industries are estimated to produce over 90 percent of all direct greenhouse gas emissions released by industries in Los Angeles County. Progress toward environmental sustainability requires improved technologies and industry processes for producing electricity and petroleum and for moving people and goods much more efficiently and with much less dependence on fossil fuels. A strength of these industries is that seven of them pay above average wages. The three surface transportation industries, truck transportation, couriers and passenger transit pay below 40 average wages and are in tier 2. Air transportation is in wage tier 4, paying above average wages. And five of the industries are in the highest wage tier (5): petroleum refining, electric power generation and distribution, natural gas distribution, mining and petroleum extraction, water and sewage systems, and pipeline transportation. 3.2.3.3 High Wage, Low Emission Industries Ten industries are in the fourth or fifth tier for both greenhouse gas emissions and wages. Average annual wages and greenhouse gas emissions per job are: Architecture and Engineering Services Legal Services Motion Picture and Video Holding Companies Information (ex. Motion Pictures) Other Prof., Scientific, and Tech. Services Metal & Other Durable Manufacturing Accounting Hospitals Specialized Design Services $107,039 $102,049 $95,311 $94,513 $92,446 $85,388 $69,659 $67,929 $67,255 $66,661 0.31 metric tons 0.34 metric tons 0.48 metric tons 0.00 metric tons 0.50 metric tons 0.15 metric tons 2.17 metric tons 0.25 metric tons 1.62 metric tons 0.10 metric tons These nine service‐producing and one goods‐producing industries pay high wages and have a light environmental footprint. Many jobs in these industries require post‐graduate education, making them inaccessible to a large share of the labor force. While these industries are both socially and environmentally sustainable when seen individually, all are dependent on supplier chains that include at least some energy‐intensive vendors as well as the energy‐intensive transportation sector. The long‐term sustainability of these industries is dependent on cleaner sources of energy and higher levels of value added to the economy per unit of energy consumed. This sustainability profile for Los Angeles County provides a baseline of comparison for smaller geographic areas within the county. The following sections provide profiles for the City of Los Angeles and the nine Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions in the county.17 17 Tabless 3.3 through 3.13 demonstrate aggregate payroll data from each establishment, thereby providing distinct industry wage profiles for each geographic area. In contrast, greenhouse gas emission factors for each industry are consistent across the county (see Chapter 2 and Appendix A for more detailed information). However, because Tables 3.3 through 3.13 show rolled‐up industry categories, there is variation across geographic areas in the amount of emissions shown per job in the same rolled‐up industry because of differences in the underlying, finer‐grained industry structures of different geographic areas. 41 3.2.4 City of Los Angeles Industry Rankings The City of Los Angeles has higher average wages than the county ($57,512 vs. $53,434) but also higher average emissions per job (45.02 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of somewhat greater social sustainability but somewhat less environmental sustainability in its industry base. The city’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.4. 3.2.4.1 Wage Profile Eight industries are in a higher wage tier in the city than in the county because the average pay is higher (agriculture and forestry; support activities for transportation; couriers; veterinary and other professional services; employment services; travel agencies; nursing care facilities; and hotels), and one industry is in a lower wage tier (sightseeing transportation). Average wages in the city are also boosted by a much higher concentration of government jobs and a somewhat higher concentration of financial sector jobs. The share of the city labor force is greater than the share of the county labor force in: Public Administration Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 60 percent larger share 12 percent larger share 3.2.4.2 Emissions Profile Compared to the county, the city has a significantly larger share of employment concentrated in three high emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is higher than the county. The share of the city labor force is greater than the share of the county labor force in: Air Transportation Electric Power Generation and Transmission Couriers 118 percent greater share 40 percent greater share 33 percent greater share 3.2.4.3 Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, the city has a larger share of employment concentrated in high‐wage industries, two of which are also high‐emission industries. The share of the city labor force is greater than the share of the county labor force in: Air Transportation Legal Services Public Administration Electric Power Generation and Transmission Accounting 118 percent greater share 74 percent greater share 60 percent greater share 40 percent greater share 38 percent greater share Table 3.4: City of Los Angeles Industry Rankings 42 GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Agriculture, Forestry (11) 1,710 $30,953 2 43.38 0.00 43.38 1 Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) 1,277 $273,105 5 217.91 0.00 217.91 1 Electric Power Gen. & Trans. (2211) 9,193 $109,356 5 1,439.43 0.00 1,439.43 1 Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 2,150 $97,657 5 393.89 0.00 393.89 1 Water, Sewage & Other Systems (2213) 2,285 $87,091 5 222.42 0.00 222.42 1 Construction (23) 35,990 $48,517 3 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 36,857 $35,860 2 3.24 0.00 3.24 3 5,485 $32,090 2 3.48 1.13 4.61 2 18,066 $49,091 3 9.44 0.00 9.44 2 1,397 $120,940 5 15,112.11 0.00 15,112.11 1 44,737 $63,077 4 1.70 0.00 1.70 4 Bakeries (3118) Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) Petroleum Refining (324) Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) Wholesale Trade (42) 68,661 $52,939 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 137,368 $31,712 2 0.14 7.12 7.27 2 15,780 $62,275 4 1,442.02 2.16 1,444.18 1 Water Transportation (483) 923 $61,559 4 76.18 0.42 76.60 1 Truck Transportation (484) 5,099 $38,205 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 Passenger Transit (485) 8,966 $42,689 2 126.82 0.39 127.21 1 173 $88,814 5 136.52 0.00 136.52 1 Retail Trade (44-45) Air Transportation (481) Pipeline Transportation (486) Sightseeing Transportation (487) 289 $27,166 1 10.40 0.63 11.02 1 18,901 $51,765 3 6.31 0.03 6.35 2 Postal Service (491) 6,850 $60,404 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Couriers (492) 9,785 $47,916 3 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 Warehousing (493) 1,981 $53,182 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 Motion Picture & Video (5121) 30,440 $130,686 5 0.01 0.67 0.68 4 Information, ex. Motion Picture & Video (51) 36,619 $95,072 5 0.11 0.51 0.63 4 Finance & Insurance (52) 63,800 $122,693 5 0.05 3.71 3.76 2 Rental & Leasing (53) 33,781 $55,113 3 0.26 0.98 1.23 4 Legal Services (5411) 33,122 $112,388 5 0.07 0.27 0.34 5 Accounting (5412) 22,352 $69,098 4 0.07 0.17 0.24 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 9,642 $84,021 5 0.08 0.24 0.32 5 Specialized Design Srv (5414) 3,420 $66,957 4 0.05 0.06 0.11 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 5,975 $55,719 4 0.13 0.99 1.12 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 46,900 $86,046 5 0.12 0.00 0.12 5 Holding Companies (55) 19,514 $101,948 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Employment Services (5613) 24,679 $34,940 2 0.04 0.23 0.28 5 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 7,219 $35,767 2 0.13 2.03 2.16 4 Travel Agencies (5615) 3,284 $58,813 4 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Support Activities for Transp. (488) 43 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) 52,486 $36,143 2 1.82 0.13 1.95 4 159,584 $53,930 3 1.10 1.17 2.27 3 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 68,923 $56,917 4 0.48 1.87 2.35 3 Hospitals (622) 62,755 $67,529 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 26,562 $32,594 2 2.10 0.96 3.06 3 Social Assistance (624) 34,977 $37,417 2 0.55 0.76 1.31 4 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 34,233 $105,451 5 0.22 1.70 1.92 4 Hotels (721) 16,892 $31,462 2 4.01 2.30 6.31 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 113,776 $18,829 1 2.10 13.12 15.21 1 Other Services (81) 118,868 $27,086 1 0.95 1.13 2.07 4 99,748 $78,741 4 16.19 1.51 17.70 1 1,572,622 $57,512 4 42.62 2.40 45.02 1 Educational Services (61) Public Administration (92) Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.5 San Fernando Valley Industry Rankings The San Fernando Valley sub‐region, which also includes the Santa Clarita Valley, Burbank and Glendale, has lower average wages than the county ($51,266 vs. $53,434) and also lower average emissions per job (10.20 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of somewhat less social sustainability and somewhat greater environmental sustainability in its industry base. The San Fernando Valley’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.5. 3.2.5.1 Wage Profile Average wages in the San Fernando Valley are shaped by a much higher concentration of motion picture and video jobs, a somewhat higher concentration of construction, accounting and durable manufacturing jobs, and a lower share of education, wholesale, hospital, hotel and government jobs. The industry distribution of the San Fernando Valley labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Motion Picture and Video (wage tier 5) Construction (wage tier 2) Accounting (wage tier 5) Metal and Other Durable Mfg. (wage tier 4) Educational Services (wage tier 2) Wholesale Trade (wage tier 4) Hospitals (wage tier 4) 44 242 percent larger share 36 percent larger share 22 percent larger share 17 percent larger share 23 percent smaller share 29 percent smaller share 31 percent smaller share Hotels (wage tier 1) Public Administration (wage tier 4) 54 percent smaller share 85 percent smaller share 3.2.5.2 Emissions Profile Compared to the county, the San Fernando Valley has a significantly smaller share of employment concentrated in very‐high emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐ per‐job profile that is lower than the county. The industry distribution of the San Fernando Valley labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Motion Pictures and Video (GHG tier 5) Accounting (GHG tier 5) Information ex. Motion Pictures (GHG tier 5) Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) Air Transportation (GHG tier 1) Utilities (GHG tier 1 242 percent larger share 22 percent larger share 8 percent larger share 55 percent smaller share 66 percent smaller share 67 percent smaller share 3.2.5.3 Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, the San Fernando Valley has a smaller share of employment concentrated in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental sustainability rankings. The valley’s signature industry, motion pictures and video, is in the fifth tier in both wage and greenhouse gas rankings. High‐emission, high‐wage industries such as petroleum refining, utilities and air transportation are under‐represented in the valley. $31,161 2 31.68 0.00 31.68 1 Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) 115 $82,156 5 90.03 0.00 90.03 1 1,915 $89,377 5 788.12 0.00 788.12 1 Utilities (22) Construction (23) Employment 2011 GHG Quintile Ranking 657 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Agriculture, Forestry (11) Industry Group Title (NAICS) Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Table 3.5: San Fernando Valley Industry Rankings 29,433 $46,854 2 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 8,158 $62,554 4 7.08 0.00 7.08 2 Bakeries (3118) 2,487 $28,362 1 3.45 1.63 5.09 2 14,343 $48,458 3 7.38 0.00 7.38 2 Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 46,325 $65,256 4 1.74 0.00 1.74 4 Wholesale Trade (42) 29,706 $58,421 4 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 Retail Trade (44-45) 88,272 $30,117 1 0.14 7.03 7.17 2 Air Transportation (481) 1,223 $72,770 4 1,442.02 2.24 1,444.26 1 Truck Transportation (484) 2,155 $34,992 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 Passenger Transit (485) 3,400 $38,600 2 126.82 0.25 127.08 1 84 $102,058 5 136.53 0.00 136.53 1 Pipeline Transportation (486) 45 0.63 12.93 1 Support Activities for Transp. (488) 2,198 $50,325 3 11.00 0.23 11.22 1 Postal Service (491) 3,854 $59,802 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Couriers (492) 2,884 $41,247 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 769 $49,250 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 Motion Picture & Video (5121) 81,224 $80,378 5 0.01 0.11 0.12 5 Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 17,059 $96,902 5 0.12 0.11 0.23 5 Finance & Insurance (52) 33,167 $73,661 4 0.05 2.91 2.95 3 Rental & Leasing (53) 17,136 $47,901 3 0.29 1.20 1.49 4 Legal Services (5411) 7,554 $72,047 4 0.07 0.25 0.34 5 Accounting (5412) 9,960 $82,055 5 0.07 0.16 0.24 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 3,900 $64,250 4 0.08 0.21 0.29 5 Specialized Design Srv (5414) 1,045 $64,867 4 0.05 0.05 0.10 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 4,072 $42,765 2 0.13 0.99 1.12 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 21,443 $71,900 4 0.10 0.00 0.10 5 6,796 $87,690 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 13,458 $29,107 1 0.04 0.26 0.30 5 Warehousing (493) Holding Companies (55) Employment Services (5613) GHG Quintile Ranking Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 12.30 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking 2 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ $36,412 Sightseeing Transportation (487) Employment 2011 367 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 3,441 $38,445 2 0.13 2.06 2.20 4 Travel Agencies (5615) 2,039 $52,108 3 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 33,655 $36,013 2 2.23 0.19 2.42 3 Educational Services (61) 55,079 $45,270 2 0.80 1.31 2.11 4 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 48,418 $53,615 3 0.52 1.85 2.37 3 Hospitals (622) 20,533 $63,650 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 15,334 $30,729 2 2.10 0.96 3.06 3 Social Assistance (624) 12,744 $26,406 1 0.51 0.96 1.46 4 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 16,186 $119,322 5 0.18 1.34 1.52 4 3,739 $26,987 1 4.00 2.23 6.23 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 55,456 $17,271 1 2.10 13.77 15.87 1 Other Services (81) 57,114 $20,818 1 0.70 1.25 1.95 4 4,751 $74,223 4 16.62 1.40 18.02 1 789,782 $51,266 3 7.79 2.41 10.20 1 Hotels (721) Public Administration (92) Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.6 North Los Angeles County Industry Rankings North Los Angeles County, which is comprised of the Antelope Valley, has much lower average wages than the county ($40,241 vs. $53,434) and also much lower average emissions per job 46 (15.03 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of less social sustainability but greater environmental sustainability in its industry base. The North County’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.6. 3.2.6.1 Wage Profile Average wages in the North County are shaped by low representation in knowledge‐ and capital‐intensive industries, and high representation in warehousing, durable manufacturing and retail industries. The industry distribution of the North County labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Warehousing (wage tier 2) Metal and Other Durable Mfg. (wage tier 4) Retail trade (wage tier 1) Educational Services (wage tier 2) Ambulatory Health Care (wage tier 4) Construction (wage tier 2) 275 percent larger share 96 percent larger share 65 percent larger share 47 percent larger share 45 percent larger share 41 percent larger share 3.2.6.2 Emissions Profile Compared to the county, the North County has a significantly larger share of employment concentrated in low‐emission industries, and almost no employment in very‐high‐emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is significantly lower. The industry distribution of the North County labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Metal and Other Durable Mfg. (GHG tier 4) Restaurants and Bars (GHG tier 1) Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) 96 percent larger share 20 percent larger share 39 percent smaller share 3.2.6.3 Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, the North County has a smaller share of employment concentrated in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental sustainability rankings. The North County’s signature industries, warehousing, durable manufacturing and retail trade, each have similar wage and greenhouse gas rankings. Very‐high‐emission, high wage industries such as petroleum refining, electric power generation and air transportation have almost no presence in the North County. Table 3.6: North Los Angeles County Industry Rankings 47 1 64.02 0.00 64.02 1 Utilities (22) 609 $86,103 5 741.58 0.00 741.58 1 2,879 $46,154 2 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 111 $33,530 2 3.47 0.00 3.47 3 20 $45,283 2 3.44 2.57 6.01 2 576 $37,034 2 1.98 0.00 1.98 4 Construction (23) Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) Bakeries (3118) Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) Employment 2011 GHG Quintile Ranking Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 $25,278 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking 384 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Agriculture, Forestry (11) Industry Group Title (NAICS) Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 7,286 $89,259 5 0.97 0.00 0.97 4 Wholesale Trade (42) 1,061 $39,428 2 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 12,345 $23,364 1 0.15 7.50 7.64 2 Retail Trade (44-45) Truck Transportation (484) 296 $28,914 1 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 Passenger Transit (485) 553 $28,252 1 126.82 0.25 127.07 1 Support Activities for Transp. (488) 129 $34,878 2 11.58 0.11 11.69 1 Postal Service (491) 303 $57,019 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Couriers (492) 273 $37,953 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 1,140 $42,477 2 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 Motion Picture & Video (5121) 179 $15,931 1 0.01 11.03 11.04 1 Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 573 $48,917 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 Warehousing (493) Finance & Insurance (52) 3,582 $35,514 2 0.06 4.13 4.19 2 Rental & Leasing (53) 827 $29,912 1 0.21 0.84 1.05 4 Legal Services (5411) 215 $52,433 3 0.07 0.27 0.34 5 Accounting (5412) 261 $24,274 1 0.07 0.26 0.33 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 244 $60,290 4 0.08 0.23 0.31 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 389 $23,926 1 0.13 1.23 1.36 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 621 $48,197 3 0.13 0.00 0.13 5 Holding Companies (55) 135 $58,879 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Employment Services (5613) 210 $22,962 1 0.04 0.27 0.31 5 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 453 $27,393 1 0.13 1.86 2.00 4 57 $38,529 2 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Travel Agencies (5615) Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 1,390 $27,292 1 6.16 0.52 6.68 2 Educational Services (61) 9,872 $45,175 2 0.67 1.35 2.02 4 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 4,979 $57,044 4 0.44 1.92 2.35 3 Hospitals (622) 3,273 $61,304 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 1,397 $28,152 1 2.10 0.97 3.07 3 Social Assistance (624) 1,403 $25,181 1 0.54 0.83 1.37 4 801 $20,420 1 0.23 2.57 2.80 3 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) Hotels (721) 948 $24,210 1 3.86 2.42 6.28 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 6,672 $14,996 1 2.10 17.28 19.38 1 Other Services (81) 4,651 $17,470 1 0.53 1.08 1.61 4 48 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking 2 12.77 0.88 13.65 1 74,297 $40,241 2 11.37 3.66 15.03 1 GHG Quintile Ranking $43,937 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 2,891 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Total Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Public Administration (92) Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.7 Los Angeles Metro Industry Rankings The Los Angeles Metro sub‐region, which is the City of Los Angeles without the San Fernando Valley, has higher average wages than the county ($60,982 vs. $53,434) and also higher average emissions per job (59.31 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile that is somewhat more socially sustainable but let environmentally sustainable than the county. Los Angeles Metro’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.7. 3.2.7.1 Wage Profile Average wages in Los Angeles Metro are shaped by strong representation in high‐wage industries, some of which are also high‐emission industries. The industry distribution of Los Angeles Metro’s labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Air Transportation (wage tier 4) Public Administration (wage tier 4) Legal Services (wage tier 5) Utilities (wage tier 5) Accounting (wage tier 4) Construction (wage tier 3) Wood, Chem., Plastic, Cement Mfg. (wage tier 3) Truck Transportation (wage tier 2) Warehousing (wage tier 3) 194 percent larger share 134 percent larger share 104 percent larger share 58 percent larger share 47 percent larger share 44 percent smaller share 51 percent smaller share 52 percent smaller share 65 percent smaller share 3.2.7.2 Emissions Profile Compared to the county, Los Angeles Metro has a significantly larger share of employment concentrated in high‐emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is higher than the county. The industry distribution of Los Angeles Metro’s labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Air Transportation (GHG tier 1) Public Administration (GHG tier 1) Utilities (GHG tier 1) Couriers (GHG tier 1) 49 194 percent larger share 134 percent larger share 58 percent larger share 37 percent larger share Petroleum Refining (GHG tier 1) 19 percent larger share 3.2.7.3 Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, Los Angeles Metro has a larger share of employment concentrated in industries with both high wages and high emissions. The industry distribution of the city labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Air Transportation (GHG tier 1, wage tier 4) Public Administration (GHG tier 1, wage tier 4 Utilities (GHG tier 1, wage tier 5) Petroleum Refining (GHG tier 1, wage tier 5) 194 percent larger share 134 percent larger share 58 percent larger share 19 percent larger share GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Table 3.7: Los Angeles Metro Industry Rankings Agriculture, Forestry (11) 1,347 $30,362 1 42.39 0.00 42.39 1 Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) 1,190 $287,196 5 232.42 0.00 232.42 1 Utilities (22) 13,066 $104,758 5 1,099.88 0.00 1,099.88 1 Construction (23) 17,244 $55,426 3 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 31,274 $32,570 2 2.67 0.00 2.67 3 Bakeries (3118) 4,343 $32,149 2 3.42 1.18 4.60 2 Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) 8,960 $52,303 3 13.11 0.00 13.11 1 Petroleum Refining (324) 1,387 $121,182 5 15,193.21 0.00 15,193.21 1 Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 14,740 $56,440 4 1.78 0.00 1.78 4 Wholesale Trade (42) 48,473 $51,215 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 Retail Trade (44-45) 79,769 $32,371 2 0.14 7.08 7.23 2 Air Transportation (481) 15,157 $61,467 4 1,442.02 2.16 1,444.18 1 Water Transportation (483) 923 $61,559 4 76.18 0.42 76.60 1 Truck Transportation (484) 3,471 $39,954 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 Passenger Transit (485) 6,148 $44,256 2 126.82 0.43 127.25 1 Pipeline Transportation (486) 120 $84,230 5 136.52 0.00 136.52 1 Sightseeing Transportation (487) 276 $24,806 1 10.64 0.63 11.27 1 18,132 $51,920 3 6.11 0.01 6.13 2 Postal Service (491) 5,016 $60,540 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Couriers (492) 7,229 $49,811 3 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 Warehousing (493) 1,621 $53,850 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 19,788 $135,674 5 0.01 0.80 0.81 4 Support Activities for Transp. (488) Motion Picture & Video (5121) Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 27,207 $95,754 5 0.11 0.68 0.78 4 Finance & Insurance (52) 40,299 $150,443 5 0.05 4.38 4.43 2 50 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 4 0.28 0.91 1.18 4 Legal Services (5411) 27,730 $119,882 5 0.07 0.27 0.34 5 Accounting (5412) GHG Quintile Ranking $60,990 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 22,283 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Employment 2011 Rental & Leasing (53) Industry Group Title (NAICS) 17,008 $71,154 4 0.07 0.15 0.22 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 7,187 $90,779 5 0.08 0.26 0.33 5 Specialized Design Srv (5414) 2,690 $68,266 4 0.05 0.06 0.11 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 3,242 $67,472 4 0.13 0.96 1.09 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 33,725 $91,748 5 0.12 0.00 0.12 5 Holding Companies (55) 14,935 $107,446 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Employment Services (5613) 17,055 $37,809 2 0.04 0.22 0.26 5 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 4,961 $35,591 2 0.13 2.02 2.15 4 Travel Agencies (5615) 2,065 $61,918 4 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 32,893 $35,614 2 1.01 0.05 1.06 4 122,717 $56,204 4 1.19 1.14 2.32 3 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 36,913 $59,361 4 0.48 1.93 2.41 3 Hospitals (622) 50,973 $68,035 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 14,667 $33,485 2 2.10 0.95 3.06 3 Social Assistance (624) 25,678 $41,152 2 0.56 0.73 1.29 4 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) Educational Services (61) Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 27,802 $95,369 5 0.24 1.77 2.00 4 Hotels (721) 14,703 $31,775 2 4.01 2.29 6.31 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 79,791 $19,470 1 2.10 12.57 14.67 1 Other Services (81) Public Administration (92) Total 85,139 $28,939 1 1.03 1.07 2.10 4 103,951 $78,268 4 15.87 1.52 17.39 1 1,121,339 $60,982 4 57.03 2.29 59.31 1 Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.8 Arroyo Verdugo Industry Rankings The Arroyo Verdugo sub‐region, which consists of La Crescenta‐Montrose and La Canada Flintridge, has much lower average wages than the county ($39,547 vs. $53,434) and also much lower average emissions per job (8.86 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of somewhat less social sustainability and somewhat greater environmental sustainability in its industry base. Arroyo Verdugo’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.8. 51 3.2.8.1 Wage Profile The industry structure of Arroyo Verdugo is concentrated in four industries that pay average or below average wages. The industry distribution of Arroyo Verdugo’s labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Educational Services (wage tier 3) Restaurants and Bars (wage tier 1) Other (personal and repair) Services (wage tier 1) Retail Trade (wage tier 1) 111 percent larger share 91 percent larger share 47 percent larger share 45 percent larger share 3.2.8.2 Emissions Profile There is very little presence of extractive, transportation or utility industries in Arroyo Verdugo, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is very low compared to the county. 3.2.8.3 Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, the Arroyo Verdugo has a smaller share of employment concentrated in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental sustainability rankings. Very‐high‐emission, high‐wage industries have almost no presence in Arroyo Verdugo. Utilities (22) Construction (23) Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) Wholesale Trade (42) Retail Trade (44-45) Truck Transportation (484) Passenger Transit (485) Support Activities for Transp. (488) Motion Picture & Video (5121) GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Table 3.8: Arroyo Verdugo Industry Rankings 63 $76,902 4 258.59 0.00 258.59 1 409 $40,972 2 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 32 $18,349 1 0.04 0.00 0.04 5 135 $105,608 5 15.26 0.00 15.26 1 34 $44,488 2 0.88 0.00 0.88 4 188 $67,337 4 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 1,330 $23,830 1 0.14 6.74 6.89 2 11 $31,155 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 9 $24,213 1 126.82 0.00 126.82 1 105 $87,918 5 12.56 0.00 12.56 1 41 $71,655 4 0.01 7.63 7.64 2 Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 127 $55,175 3 0.12 0.00 0.12 5 Finance & Insurance (52) 326 $58,100 4 0.07 6.33 6.40 2 Rental & Leasing (53) 196 $45,509 2 0.21 1.52 1.72 4 Accounting (5412) 50 $41,374 2 0.07 0.27 0.34 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 90 $41,256 2 0.08 0.25 0.33 5 52 GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Specialized Design Srv (5414) 25 $58,984 4 0.05 0.03 0.08 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 50 $35,381 2 0.12 2.15 2.27 3 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 257 $53,127 3 0.13 0.00 0.13 5 Holding Companies (55) 174 $66,283 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 25 $38,259 2 0.13 2.58 2.72 3 Travel Agencies (5615) 49 $48,598 3 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) Educational Services (61) Ambulatory Health Care (621) Nursing Care Facilities (623) 101 $38,069 2 0.18 0.10 0.28 5 1,733 $50,486 3 0.45 1.36 1.80 4 454 $62,698 4 0.37 2.02 2.39 3 64 $17,497 1 2.10 0.63 2.74 3 Social Assistance (624) 319 $23,199 1 0.34 1.72 2.05 4 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 259 $49,994 3 0.36 2.61 2.97 3 1,301 $16,617 1 2.10 21.47 23.57 1 886 $17,455 1 1.66 2.75 4.41 2 9,108 $39,547 2 3.68 5.19 8.86 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) Other Services (81) Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.9 San Gabriel Valley Industry Rankings The San Gabriel Valley has lower average wages than the county ($44,434 vs. $53,434) and also lower average emissions per job (21.41 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of somewhat less social sustainability and somewhat greater environmental sustainability in its industry base. The valley’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.9. 3.2.9.1 Wage Profile Average wages in the San Gabriel Valley’s large economy are shaped by a mix of strongly represented industries with differing of income levels. The overall outcome is an average income that is nearly ten percent lower than in the county. The industry distribution of the San Gabriel Valley labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Utilities (wage tier 5) Warehousing (wage tier 2) Nursing Care Facilities (wage tier 1) Agriculture, Forestry (wage tier 1) Holding Companies (wage tier 5) Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (wage tier 2) Finance and Insurance (wage tier 4) 53 89 percent larger share 59 percent larger share 58 percent larger share 45 percent larger share 36 percent larger share 31 percent larger share 30 percent larger share Construction (wage tier 4) 29 percent larger share Wholesale Trade (wage tier 3) 24 percent larger share Architecture and Engineering Services (wage tier 5) 19 percent larger share Ambulatory Health Care (wage tier 3) 17 percent larger share Truck Transportation (wage tier 2) 15 percent larger share Retail Trade (wage tier 1) 14 percent larger share 3.2.9.2 Emissions Profile Compared to the county, the San Gabriel Valley has a significantly smaller share of employment concentrated in very‐high‐emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is lower than the county. The industry distribution of the valley labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Air Transportation (GHG tier 1) Petroleum Refining (GHG tier 1) Public Administration (GHG tier 1) Couriers (GHG tier 1) Hotels (GHG tier 2) 98 percent smaller share 83 percent smaller share 54 percent smaller share 40 percent smaller share 30 percent smaller share 3.2.9.3 Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, the San Gabriel Valley has a smaller share of employment concentrated in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental sustainability rankings. The only significant exception is utilities, which while strongly represented in the valley, accounts for only one percent of total employment. Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) $27,226 1 0.00 GHG Quintile Ranking 29.40 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking 1,311 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Agriculture, Forestry (11) Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Table 3.9: San Gabriel Valley Industry Rankings 29.40 1 216 $75,022 4 2.88 0.00 2.88 3 8,624 $97,428 5 879.98 0.00 879.98 1 Construction (23) 21,960 $56,313 4 0.07 0.00 0.07 5 Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 14,011 $40,449 2 5.87 0.00 5.87 2 1,729 $25,934 1 3.74 1.07 4.82 2 13,222 $43,280 2 11.02 0.00 11.02 1 111 $82,882 5 3,497.08 0.00 3,497.08 1 Utilities (22) Bakeries (3118) Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) Petroleum Refining (324) Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 28,543 $54,969 3 3.40 0.00 3.40 3 Wholesale Trade (42) 40,858 $48,722 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 Retail Trade (44-45) 71,145 $27,920 1 0.15 7.21 7.36 2 48 $47,950 3 1,441.92 2.22 1,444.15 1 Air Transportation (481) 54 2 76.19 0.03 76.21 1 Truck Transportation (484) 4,615 $37,640 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 Passenger Transit (485) 3,599 $32,599 2 126.82 0.25 127.07 1 90 $20,031 1 12.56 0.63 13.19 1 Support Activities for Transp. (488) 2,359 $42,880 2 12.56 0.04 12.60 1 Postal Service (491) 3,288 $60,824 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Sightseeing Transportation (487) Employment 2011 GHG Quintile Ranking Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 $41,812 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking 97 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Water Transportation (483) Industry Group Title (NAICS) Couriers (492) 1,739 $43,839 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 Warehousing (493) 4,029 $44,090 2 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 Motion Picture & Video (5121) 1,165 $39,235 2 0.01 7.05 7.06 2 Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 8,744 $71,188 4 0.10 0.49 0.59 4 29,118 $66,640 4 0.06 5.37 5.43 2 Rental & Leasing (53) 8,846 $38,357 2 0.21 1.09 1.30 4 Legal Services (5411) 3,645 $64,574 4 0.07 0.27 0.34 5 Finance & Insurance (52) Accounting (5412) 4,572 $43,530 2 0.07 0.24 0.31 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 6,769 $88,529 5 0.08 0.25 0.33 5 Specialized Design Srv (5414) 1,253 $53,337 3 0.05 0.03 0.08 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 1,682 $35,389 2 0.13 1.64 1.77 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 16,887 $80,407 5 0.24 0.00 0.24 5 Holding Companies (55) 11,732 $97,871 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Employment Services (5613) 14,036 $25,836 1 0.04 0.23 0.27 5 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 2,005 $34,959 2 0.13 3.31 3.45 3 Travel Agencies (5615) 1,399 $33,070 2 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 18,737 $37,002 2 4.70 0.24 4.94 2 Educational Services (61) 62,695 $46,471 2 0.98 1.26 2.24 3 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 33,354 $53,848 3 0.49 1.80 2.29 3 Hospitals (622) 24,453 $62,139 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 17,497 $28,425 1 2.10 0.91 3.01 3 Social Assistance (624) 11,877 $26,304 1 0.49 1.02 1.52 4 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 8,766 $34,793 2 0.21 2.04 2.25 3 Hotels (721) 4,478 $26,274 1 4.00 2.30 6.30 2 49,582 $15,804 1 2.10 13.65 15.75 1 Restaurants & Bars (722) Other Services (81) 38,233 $22,647 1 0.92 1.41 2.33 3 Public Administration (92) 11,252 $65,047 4 15.29 1.45 16.74 1 618,163 $44,434 2 18.64 2.77 21.41 1 Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 55 3.2.10 Westside Cities Industry Rankings The Westside Cities (which do not include the western portion of the City of Los Angeles) have higher average wages than the county ($72,979 vs. $53,434) and much lower average emissions per job (11.73 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of greater social and environmental sustainability in its industry base. The Westside City’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.10. 3.2.10.1 Wage Profile Average wages in the Westside Cities are shaped by a much higher concentration of knowledge‐intensive industries as well as leisure and recreation industries. The industry distribution of the Westside labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Hotels (wage tier 2) Specialized Design Services (wage tier 5) Motion Picture and Video (wage tier 5) Information, ex. Motion Pictures (wage tier 5) Hospitals (wage tier 5) Other Prof., Sci., and Tech. Services (wage tier 5) Rental and Leasing (wage tier 4) Accounting (wage tier 4) Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (wage tier 5) Legal Services (wage tier 5) Veterinary and Other Prof Services (wage tier 4) Restaurants and Bars (wage tier 1) 3.2.10.2 288 percent greater share 162 percent greater share 111 percent greater share 81 percent greater share 79 percent greater share 77 percent greater share 74 percent greater share 63 percent greater share 56 percent greater share 46 percent greater share 43 percent greater share 36 percent greater share Emissions Profile Compared to the county, the Westside Cities have a significantly smaller share of employment concentrated in very‐high‐emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is much lower than the county. The industry distribution of the Westside labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (GHG tier 1) Utilities (GHG tier 1) Couriers (GHG tier 1) Mining, Petroleum Extraction (GHG tier 1) Public Administration (GHG tier 1) Air Transportation (GHG tier 1) 56 97 percent smaller share 80 percent smaller share 68 percent smaller share 62 percent smaller share 59 percent smaller share 44 percent smaller share 28 percent smaller share 3.2.10.3 Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, the Westside Cities have a smaller share of employment concentrated in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental sustainability rankings. The only significant exception is petroleum refining, which is not shown in Table 3.10 due to data suppression because of the small number of establishments, but which is included in overall Westside results. Agriculture, Forestry (11) Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) Utilities (22) Construction (23) GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Table 3.10: Westside Cities Industry Rankings 122 $38,084 2 8.87 0.00 8.87 2 98 $111,324 5 424.14 0.00 424.14 1 527 $77,508 4 571.19 0.00 571.19 1 3,090 $65,491 4 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 738 $47,655 3 1.47 0.00 1.47 4 Bakeries (3118) 195 $19,522 1 3.02 1.64 4.66 2 Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) 716 $102,076 5 12.61 0.00 12.61 1 Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 1,687 $71,050 4 1.21 0.00 1.21 4 Wholesale Trade (42) 7,065 $79,969 4 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 24,732 $39,140 2 0.13 5.85 5.98 2 733 $82,641 5 1,442.03 2.17 1,444.20 1 Water Transportation (483) 14 $24,094 1 76.20 0.63 76.83 1 Truck Transportation (484) 42 $35,919 2 343.21 0.00 343.21 1 1,291 $55,370 3 126.82 0.48 127.31 1 Retail Trade (44-45) Air Transportation (481) Passenger Transit (485) Sightseeing Transportation (487) 65 $25,486 1 0.92 0.63 1.55 4 Support Activities for Transp. (488) 228 $52,606 3 11.65 0.07 11.73 1 Postal Service (491) 650 $62,248 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Couriers (492) 399 $41,915 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 Warehousing (493) 39 $37,888 2 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 14,073 $136,634 5 0.01 0.25 0.25 5 Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 8,059 $123,616 5 0.05 0.32 0.38 5 Finance & Insurance (52) 7,130 $138,874 5 0.04 2.94 2.98 3 Motion Picture & Video (5121) Rental & Leasing (53) 7,177 $66,366 4 0.29 0.68 0.97 4 Legal Services (5411) 3,913 $139,710 5 0.07 0.26 0.34 5 Accounting (5412) 3,729 $78,210 4 0.07 0.13 0.20 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 2,086 $89,199 5 0.08 0.25 0.33 5 Specialized Design Srv (5414) 1,218 $82,358 5 0.05 0.08 0.14 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 1,201 $62,944 4 0.13 1.14 1.27 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 11,373 $110,807 5 0.17 0.00 0.17 5 1,826 $118,975 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Holding Companies (55) 57 Travel Agencies (5615) 2 0.04 0.23 0.27 5 735 $62,092 4 0.13 2.08 2.22 3 GHG Quintile Ranking $33,161 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 5,614 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Employment Services (5613) Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) 501 $55,248 3 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 5,749 $45,759 2 0.55 0.09 0.64 4 Educational Services (61) 12,120 $44,384 2 0.75 1.46 2.22 3 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 11,706 $67,055 4 0.40 1.95 2.35 3 Hospitals (622) Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 14,903 $99,793 5 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 2,986 $31,580 2 2.10 0.96 3.06 3 Social Assistance (624) 3,132 $37,220 2 0.50 0.98 1.48 4 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 7,021 $213,956 5 0.13 0.82 0.95 4 Hotels (721) 8,899 $36,020 2 4.01 2.29 6.30 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 22,586 $21,866 1 2.10 9.08 11.18 1 Other Services (81) 15,232 $30,916 2 0.97 1.61 2.58 3 4,926 $83,095 5 15.02 1.58 16.60 1 221,915 $72,979 4 9.39 2.34 11.73 1 Public Administration (92) Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.11 South Bay Cities Industry Rankings The South Bay Cities have higher average wages than the county ($58,594 vs. $53,434) and also higher average emissions per job (74.06 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of somewhat greater social sustainability and somewhat less environmental sustainability in its industry base. The South Bay Cities’ sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.11. 3.2.11.1 Wage Profile Average wages in the South Bay are shaped by a higher concentration of knowledge – and capital‐intensive industries. The industry distribution of the South Bay labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Petroleum Refining (wage tier 5) Mining, Petroleum Extraction (wage tier 5) Arch. and Engineering Srv. (wage tier 5) Metal and Other Durable Mfg. (wage tier 5) Travel Agencies (wage tier 2) Warehousing (wage tier 2) Other Prof., Sci., and Tech. Svc. (wage tier 5) Holding Companies (wage tier 5) 58 259 percent larger share 243 percent larger share 181 percent larger share 180 percent larger share 61 percent larger share 57 percent larger share 52 percent larger share 49 percent larger share Support Activities for Transp. (wage tier 3) Employment Services (wage tier 1) Truck Transportation (wage tier 2) 48 percent larger share 35 percent larger share 34 percent larger share 3.2.11.2 Emissions Profile Compared to the county, the South Bay has a mix of over‐ and under‐representation in very‐ high‐emission industries. The exceptionally high concentration of petroleum refining activities overshadows lower concentrations in other industries, resulting in an overall emissions profile that is significantly higher than the county. The industry distribution of the South Bay labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Petroleum Refining (GHG tier 1) Mining, Petroleum Extraction (GHG tier 1) Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) Air Transportation (GHG tier 1) Utilities (GHG tier 1) 3.2.11.3 259 percent larger share 243 percent larger share 34 percent larger share 62 percent smaller share 71 percent smaller share Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, the South Bay has a larger share of employment concentrated in petroleum extraction and refining. These high‐wage, very‐high‐emission industries have divergent sustainability profile, providing high wages at a very high environmental cost. The other area of divergence is a high concentration of temporary jobs in the employment services industry, which is in the worst wage tier but the best greenhouse gas tier. Agriculture, Forestry (11) Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) Utilities (22) GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Table 3.11: South Bay Cities Industry Rankings 597 $29,844 1 29.70 0.00 29.70 1 1,331 $124,932 5 474.81 0.00 474.81 1 775 $88,990 5 699.69 0.00 699.69 1 Construction (23) 9,468 $52,929 3 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 3,822 $49,116 3 6.24 0.00 6.24 2 Bakeries (3118) 1,136 $40,005 2 3.80 0.75 4.55 2 Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) 5,557 $47,213 3 21.07 0.00 21.07 1 Petroleum Refining (324) 1,350 $119,703 5 15,778.63 0.00 15,778.63 1 Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 50,503 $92,141 5 1.38 0.00 1.38 4 Wholesale Trade (42) 18,934 $66,476 4 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 Retail Trade (44-45) 40,404 $33,085 2 0.15 7.31 7.46 2 622 $61,549 4 1,442.02 2.17 1,444.20 1 25 $46,010 2 76.19 0.00 76.19 1 Air Transportation (481) Water Transportation (483) 59 Truck Transportation (484) 3,137 $43,029 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 Passenger Transit (485) 2,360 $43,695 2 126.82 0.33 127.15 1 Pipeline Transportation (486) 86 $83,350 5 136.51 0.00 136.51 1 175 $44,834 2 11.14 0.63 11.77 1 Support Activities for Transp. (488) 6,329 $49,892 3 12.49 0.01 12.50 1 Postal Service (491) 1,914 $60,563 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Couriers (492) 1,899 $40,692 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 Warehousing (493) 2,316 $46,519 2 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 734 $69,214 4 0.01 4.82 4.83 2 Sightseeing Transportation (487) Motion Picture & Video (5121) Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 8,848 $93,546 5 0.14 0.22 0.36 5 10,310 $79,184 4 0.06 5.70 5.76 2 Rental & Leasing (53) 6,703 $54,377 3 0.23 1.22 1.45 4 Legal Services (5411) 1,239 $75,637 4 0.07 0.26 0.34 5 Finance & Insurance (52) Accounting (5412) 1,774 $47,697 3 0.07 0.25 0.32 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 9,297 $180,207 5 0.08 0.25 0.33 5 613 $84,603 5 0.05 0.03 0.08 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 1,341 $43,094 2 0.13 1.53 1.66 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 15,839 $95,508 5 0.19 0.00 0.19 5 7,498 $95,140 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 10,995 $26,824 1 0.04 0.24 0.29 5 Specialized Design Srv (5414) Holding Companies (55) Employment Services (5613) Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 1,240 $33,646 2 0.13 2.65 2.79 3 Travel Agencies (5615) 1,189 $44,940 2 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 9,541 $35,975 2 1.52 0.21 1.73 4 23,923 $45,081 2 0.70 1.30 2.00 4 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 15,709 $53,048 3 0.52 1.81 2.33 3 Hospitals (622) 10,000 $55,631 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 5,872 $28,568 1 2.10 0.96 3.06 3 Social Assistance (624) 4,120 $27,006 1 0.45 1.21 1.66 4 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 6,195 $53,917 3 0.23 3.25 3.48 3 Hotels (721) 2,884 $24,006 1 4.00 2.31 6.31 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 28,212 $17,146 1 2.10 14.01 16.11 1 Other Services (81) 16,229 $23,216 1 0.89 1.53 2.42 3 5,981 $82,527 5 14.80 1.60 16.39 1 360,558 $58,594 4 71.45 2.61 74.06 1 Educational Services (61) Public Administration (92) Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.12 Gateway Cities Industry Rankings The Gateway Cities, which include Long Beach and Signal Hill, have higher average wages than the county ($43,099 vs. $53,434) and lower average emissions per job (28.53 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of somewhat reduced social sustainability and somewhat 60 greater environmental sustainability in its industry base. The Gateway Cities’ sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.12. 3.2.12.1 Wage Profile Average wages in the Gateway Cities are shaped by a higher concentration of jobs in low‐wage service and distribution industries. The industry distribution of the Gateway Cities labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Truck Transportation (wage tier 2) Food and Apparel Manufacturing (wage tier 2) Employment Services (wage tier 1) Wholesale Trade (wage tier 3) Metal and Other Durable Mfg. (wage tier 4) Retail Trade (wage tier 1) 3.2.12.2 166 percent larger share 101 percent larger share 78 percent larger share 68 percent larger share 37 percent larger share 10 percent larger share Emissions Profile Compared to the county, the Gateway Cities have a significantly larger share of employment concentrated in four high emission industries, with petroleum refining playing a particularly large role in skewing average emissions upward, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is higher than the county. The industry distribution of the Gateway Cities labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (GHG tier 1) Mining, Petroleum Extraction (GHG tier 1) Petroleum Refining (GHG tier 1) 3.2.12.3 166 percent larger share 85 percent larger share 73 percent larger share 70 percent larger share Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings Compared to the county, the Gateway Cities have a larger share of employment concentrated in petroleum extraction and refining. These high‐wage, very‐high‐emission industries have divergent sustainability profile, providing high wages at a very high environmental cost. The other area of divergence is a high concentration of temporary jobs in the Employment Services industry, which is in the worst wage tier but the best greenhouse gas tier. Agriculture, Forestry (11) Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) GHG Quintile Ranking Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Table 3.12: Gateway Cities Industry Rankings 755 $26,148 1 38.64 0.00 38.64 1 1,264 $90,974 5 167.61 0.00 167.61 1 61 762.87 0.00 762.87 1 Construction (23) 21,536 $57,713 4 0.07 0.00 0.07 5 Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 31,113 $38,181 2 4.84 0.00 4.84 2 5,151 $39,153 2 3.68 0.62 4.30 2 20,612 $46,759 2 19.25 0.00 19.25 1 1,212 $88,006 5 6,088.95 0.00 6,088.95 1 Bakeries (3118) Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) Petroleum Refining (324) Employment 2011 GHG Quintile Ranking Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 5 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking $80,709 Utilities (22) Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ 3,552 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 46,704 $58,329 4 3.12 0.00 3.12 3 Wholesale Trade (42) 61,044 $55,124 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 Retail Trade (44-45) 75,455 $28,636 1 0.14 6.99 7.13 2 Air Transportation (481) 250 $68,219 4 1,442.01 2.25 1,444.26 1 Water Transportation (483) 412 $54,715 3 76.18 0.28 76.46 1 Truck Transportation (484) 11,740 $45,641 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1 3,426 $33,887 2 126.82 0.22 127.04 1 Pipeline Transportation (486) 297 $116,245 5 136.52 0.00 136.52 1 Sightseeing Transportation (487) 139 $30,867 2 4.92 0.63 5.55 2 12,519 $68,588 4 12.36 0.01 12.37 1 3,694 $58,648 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Passenger Transit (485) Support Activities for Transp. (488) Postal Service (491) Couriers (492) 4,079 $37,236 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1 Warehousing (493) 6,242 $48,068 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2 Motion Picture & Video (5121) 1,048 $17,214 1 0.01 10.22 10.23 1 Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 6,034 $58,400 4 0.14 0.35 0.49 5 13,479 $52,695 3 0.06 4.38 4.44 2 Rental & Leasing (53) 8,957 $46,188 2 0.18 1.06 1.24 4 Legal Services (5411) 2,890 $71,568 4 0.07 0.26 0.34 5 Finance & Insurance (52) Accounting (5412) 2,944 $43,822 2 0.07 0.23 0.30 5 Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 5,383 $75,004 4 0.08 0.21 0.28 5 Specialized Design Srv (5414) 1,253 $44,765 2 0.05 0.04 0.09 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 2,084 $28,324 1 0.12 1.07 1.19 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 9,315 $51,262 3 0.13 0.00 0.13 5 Holding Companies (55) 11,292 $72,471 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Employment Services (5613) 27,462 $18,501 1 0.04 0.23 0.27 5 1,871 $34,934 2 0.13 2.80 2.94 3 671 $40,893 2 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 22,873 $36,279 2 8.16 0.09 8.25 2 Educational Services (61) 60,198 $47,879 3 0.78 1.31 2.08 4 Ambulatory Health Care (621) 29,380 $52,492 3 0.45 1.88 2.33 3 Hospitals (622) 24,066 $59,389 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 12,540 $27,340 1 2.10 1.00 3.10 3 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) Travel Agencies (5615) 62 Hotels (721) Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking 1 0.51 0.97 1.47 4 10,714 $26,120 1 0.32 4.40 4.72 2 GHG Quintile Ranking $27,149 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 8,985 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Social Assistance (624) Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) 4,506 $24,758 1 4.01 2.42 6.43 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 45,757 $16,340 1 2.10 15.87 17.97 1 Other Services (81) 37,303 $23,213 1 0.87 1.34 2.21 3 Public Administration (92) 17,080 $67,858 4 14.63 1.25 15.87 1 681,367 $43,099 2 26.03 2.50 28.53 1 Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.2.13 Las Virgenes Industry Rankings Las Virgenes, which is comprised principally of the City of Malibu, has higher average wages than the county ($64,458 vs. $53,434) and much lower average emissions per job (5.69 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of greater social and environmental sustainability in its industry base. Las Virgenes’ sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.13. 3.2.13.1 Wage Profile Average wages in Las Virgenes are shaped by a service oriented economy with no extractive industries and very little representation of manufacturing or transportation industries. The industry distribution of the Las Virgenes labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Veterinary and Other Prof Srv. (wage tier 2) Finance and Insurance (wage tier 5) Prof., Sci., and Tech. Services (wage tier 5) Information, ex. Motion Pictures (wage tier 5) Architecture and Engineering (wage tier 4) Admin. Support and Waste Mgmnt. (wage tier 2) Restaurants and Bars (wage tier 1) Rental and Leasing (wage tier 4) Construction (wage tier 2) 3.2.13.2 457 percent larger share 210 percent larger share 143 percent larger share 122 percent larger share 105 percent larger share 74 percent larger share 59 percent larger share 56 percent larger share 47 percent larger share Emissions Profile Compared to the county, Las Virgenes is significantly under‐represented in tier 1 industries based on emission levels, except for restaurants and horticultural activities in the agriculture sector. This results in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is much lower than the county. 63 The industry distribution of the Las Virgenes labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in: Agriculture, Forestry (GHG tier 1) Restaurants & Bars (GHG tier 1) Passenger Transit (GHG tier 1) Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) Public Administration (GHG tier 1) Support Activities for Transportation (GHG tier 1) 3.2.13.3 797 percent larger share 59 percent larger share 53 percent smaller share 71 percent smaller share 75 percent smaller share 83 percent smaller share Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings There is little evidence of highly divergent industry rankings in Las Virgenes, either industries that have high wages but also high emissions, or industries with bottom tier wages but also minimal emissions. Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 1 27.40 0.00 27.40 1 $46,634 2 0.08 0.00 0.08 5 109 $62,322 4 0.70 0.00 0.70 4 GHG Quintile Ranking $27,271 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 554 1,699 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Construction (23) Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Agriculture, Forestry (11) Employment 2011 Industry Group Title (NAICS) Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking Table 3.13: Las Virgenes Industry Rankings Bakeries (3118) 551 $35,050 2 3.01 0.30 3.31 3 Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) 153 $47,492 3 1.66 0.00 1.66 4 Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 1,451 $124,881 5 0.69 0.00 0.69 4 Wholesale Trade (42) 1,629 $84,436 5 0.11 0.00 0.11 5 Retail Trade (44-45) 3,338 $38,086 2 0.18 8.00 8.17 2 79 $33,195 2 343.20 0.00 343.20 1 104 $20,681 1 126.82 0.04 126.86 1 85 $65,002 4 12.56 0.06 12.63 1 Postal Service (491) 108 $57,983 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2 Motion Picture & Video (5121) 480 $87,022 5 0.01 5.13 5.14 2 Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 1,873 $94,384 5 0.07 0.00 0.07 5 Finance & Insurance (52) 4,717 $104,731 5 0.06 3.52 3.58 2 Rental & Leasing (53) 1,222 $55,747 4 0.39 0.51 0.90 4 Legal Services (5411) 637 $87,331 5 0.07 0.26 0.33 5 Accounting (5412) 347 $63,340 4 0.07 0.26 0.33 5 Truck Transportation (484) Passenger Transit (485) Support Activities for Transp. (488) Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 792 $74,435 4 0.08 0.23 0.31 5 Specialized Design Srv (5414) 172 $136,676 5 0.05 0.06 0.12 5 Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 891 $35,319 2 0.12 1.28 1.40 4 Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 2,966 $95,746 5 0.12 0.00 0.12 5 64 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 Employment Services (5613) 520 $64,535 4 0.04 0.14 0.19 5 Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 542 $53,956 3 0.13 1.40 1.54 4 93 $67,124 4 3.36 0.27 3.63 2 Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 2,373 $43,628 2 0.53 0.05 0.58 4 Educational Services (61) 3,299 $56,972 4 0.98 1.14 2.12 4 Ambulatory Health Care (621) Travel Agencies (5615) Employment 2011 GHG Quintile Ranking Customer Gasoline MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 $145,253 Combined Metric Tons of GHGs Per Job In 2011 Establishment Direct MT of GHGs Per Job 2011 Avg. Wage Quintile Ranking 532 Annual Avg. Wage, 2011 $ Holding Companies (55) Industry Group Title (NAICS) 1,042 $67,534 4 0.54 2.19 2.73 3 Nursing Care Facilities (623) 451 $35,597 2 2.10 0.90 3.00 3 Social Assistance (624) 388 $29,024 1 0.47 1.11 1.58 4 1,030 $88,353 5 0.29 1.51 1.81 4 536 $25,408 1 3.80 2.20 6.00 2 Restaurants & Bars (722) 5,013 $26,034 1 2.10 9.08 11.18 1 Other Services (81) 1,380 $26,829 1 0.99 1.80 2.79 3 409 $42,872 2 14.08 1.68 15.77 1 42,168 $64,458 4 3.11 2.58 5.69 2 Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) Hotels (721) Public Administration (92) Total Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory. 3.3 Sustainability Summary for Los Angeles Industries A summary of wage and greenhouse sustainability rankings for Los Angeles industries is shown in Table 3.14. Only five of the rolled‐up industries shown in the table, representing 26 percent of total employment, both pay at least average wages (wage tiers 3 to 5) and emit less than 2.2 metric tons of greenhouse gasses per job each year (GHG tiers 4 to 5). Three‐quarters of the county’s industry base pay less than average wages, have average or higher emissions, or both. The very highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions are from cornerstone industries that provide energy and movement that are essential for the economy: petroleum extraction and refining, electric power generation and distribution, air transportation, and trucking. The lowest wages are predominantly in routine service industries – retail, restaurants, hotels and personal services. Table 3.14: Summary of Los Angeles County Industry Rankings 65 Industry Agriculture Petroleum Extraction & Refining Electric Power Generation & Distrib Other Utilities Construction Food & Apparel Manufacturing Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. Metal & Other Durable Mfg. Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Air Transportation Trucking & Couriers Other Transportation Information Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Prof., Scientific, & Tech. Srv. Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. Education Health Care & Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, & Recreation Hotels & Restaurants Personal & Repair Services Public Administration Employment 2011 Wage Tier Annual Average Wage 2011 1 5 5 5 3 2 3 4 3 1 4 2 3 5 5 5 2 3 3 5 1 1 4 $28,679 $148,884 $109,316 $81,520 $53,360 $38,487 $47,889 $69,723 $55,451 $30,596 $63,155 $42,763 $52,287 $94,125 $81,127 $87,794 $33,574 $49,837 $52,070 $90,451 $19,395 $24,849 $75,553 5,720 6,269 16,560 12,684 107,683 104,947 64,274 197,272 208,856 396,780 18,033 44,029 102,650 197,255 215,407 314,693 239,952 351,631 469,446 78,751 334,825 256,118 151,279 MT GHG per Job from Establishment Activities & Customer Trips 2011 35 8,231 1,439 6,238 0.08 4.52 14 2.18 0.11 8.88 1,445 290 35 0.60 4.02 0.27 2.24 2.50 2.42 2.84 17 2.48 17 GHG Tier 1 1 1 1 5 2 1 4 5 2 1 1 1 4 2 5 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3.3.1 Policy Implications This integrated assessment of the environmental balance sheet for employing the region’s labor force within the envelope of sustainable greenhouse gas emission and the social balance sheet for providing the region’s labor force with wages that support a basic standard of living identifies needs in most industries for progress on one or both scales. In many instances the ranking for environmental sustainability differs from the ranking for wage sustainability. In the near‐term, these rankings differences identify trade‐offs. In the long‐ term, they identify sustainability weaknesses that need to be improved to increase industry sustainability and long‐term prospects for viability. When Los Angeles County industries are rolled up into 23 broad sectors in Table 3.14 and broken out into quintile rankings based on wage and greenhouse sustainability, only five sectors representing 26 percent of total employment, both pay at least average wages and emit less than 2.2 metric tons of greenhouse gasses per job each year. Three‐quarters of the county’s industry base pays less than average wages, has average or higher emissions, or both. 66 Some industries are both socially and environmentally sustainable when seen individually, however, all industries are dependent on the energy and transportation sectors of the economy, which are emission‐intensive. The long‐term sustainability of all industries is dependent on cleaner sources of energy and higher levels of value added to the economy per unit of energy consumed. Progress toward environmental sustainability requires improved technologies and industry processes for producing electricity and petroleum and for moving people and goods much more efficiently and with much less dependence on fossil fuels. To become more socially, economically and environmentally sustainable, Los Angeles County must move its industry base toward: 1. Higher levels of value added to the economy for each terajoule that is consumed, preferably achieved through greater energy efficiency for existing industries. 2. Cleaner sources of power that release less greenhouse gas per terajoule consumed. 3. Higher wages so that all workers are paid enough to support the minimum standard of living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well‐being. Possible approaches for achieving sustainable wages include incentives for higher‐wage industries and increases in the minimum wage. 67 GLOSSARY Term Definition ARB Air Resource Board ACS American Community Survey CDPH California Department of Public Health CEEM California Emissions Estimator Model California Energy Commission CEIDARS California Emission Inventory Development and Reporting System CPUC California Public Utilities Commission CALSIM California Statewide Integrated Model of Statewide Land Use CSTDM California Statewide Travel Demand Model CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide CGE Computable general equilibrium CH4 Methane DOE Department of Energy DOT Department of Transportation DPSS Department of Public Social Services eGRID Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database EIO Economic input‐output EIO‐LCA Economic input‐output life cycle assessment EDD Employment Development Department EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPIC Electric Program Investment Charge GIS Graphic Information Systems GHG Greenhouse Gas GREET1 Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation 68 IMPLAN Impact Analysis for Planning ITLEM Integrated Transportation Land Use Economic Models IOU Investor owned utility LUT Land use and transportation LCA Life cycle assessment MRR Mandatory Reporting Program MRIO Multi‐region input‐output MOU Municipally Owned Utility MWh Megawatt hours of electricity NTNCWS Nontransient noncommunity water system NAICS North American Industry Classification System OPR Office of Planning and Research OSHPD Office of Statewide Health Planning OLS Ordinary least squares N2O Nitrous oxide NOx Oxides of nitrogen SO2 Sulfur dioxide SOx Oxides of sulfur PM2.5 Particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers PM10 Particulate matter of 10 micrometers PECAS Product Exchange and Consumption Allocation System PUMS Public Use Microdata Sample RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ROG Reactive organic gas SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System SPA Service Planning Area SWIMS Solid Waste Information Management System 69 SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCG Southern California Gas Company SSI Supplemental Security Income TJ Terajoules TPY Tons per Year TRACI Tools for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts TNCWS Transient noncommunity water system TREDIS Transportation Economic Development Impact System UM Urban metabolism 70 REFERENCES California Assembly Committee on Utilities and Commerce. Briefing Paper for Oversight Hearing Energy Efficiency – Measuring for Success Coordination, Collaboration, and Transparency. 2013 CEDP. Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Impact Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policy Options for the Southern California Climate and Economic Development Project. Southern California Association of Governments. 2012. Curran, M.A. (ed.). Environmental Life‐Cycle Assessment. New York, NY: McGraw‐Hill. 1996. Green Design Initiative (2001). Economic Input‐Output Life‐Cycle Assessment Model. Carnegie Mellon University. 2001. Hendrickson, C. T., Lave, L. B., Matthews, H. S. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An Input‐Output Approach. Resources for the Future Press. 2006. Kennedy, Christopher, John Cuddihy, and Joshua Engel‐Yan. “The Changing Metabolism of Cities,” Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2007. Leontief, W. ʺEnvironmental Repurcussions and Economic Structure ‐ Input‐Output Approach.ʺ Review of Economics and Statistics. 1970. Masanet, Eric, H. Scott Matthews, Derrick Carlson., and Arpad Horvath. Retail Climate Change Mitigation: Life‐Cycle Emission and Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards. California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency. 2012. McMichael, A. J., C. D. Butler and Carl Folke. “New Visions for Addressing Sustainability,” Science, 12 December 2003. Muller, Nicholas Z., Robert Mendelsohn, and William Nordhaus. ʺEnvironmental Accounting for Pollution in the United States Economy.ʺ American Economic Review. 2011. Ngo, N. S. and D. E. Pataki. The Energy and Mass Balance of Los Angeles County. Urban Ecosyst. 2008. Rapoport, Elizabeth. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Urban Metabolism: A Review of the Literature. UCL Environmental Institute. 2011. Reid, W.V., D. Chen, L Goldfarb, and H. Hackmann. “Earth System Science for Global Sustainability: Grand Challenges,” Science. 2010. Rue du Can, Stephane, Ali Hasanbeigi, Jayant Sathaye. California Energy Balance Update and Decomposition Analysis for the Industry and Building Sectors. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 2010. Southern California Association of Governments. Climate Change and the Future of Southern California. 2009. 71 United States Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. A User Handbook for the Regional Input‐Output Modeling System (RIMS II). 1997. 72 APPENDIX A: Methodology for Assessing Industry Sustainability based on both Environmental and Economic Impacts A.1 Overview The objective in overlaying greenhouse gas emission on social sustainability data is to provide an integrated platform for assessing strengths and challenges of Los Angeles County industries in meeting the region’s overall environmental, economic, and social sustainability needs. Social sustainability refers specifically to sustaining wages for workers employed in an industry. Bringing the environmental footprint of industrial activities into an integrated frame of reference with social impacts provides an inclusive set of benchmarks for assessing trade‐offs associated with different land use options, as well as for identifying improvements that are needed in specific industries. Information produced through this analysis identifies: 1. Industry sectors that provide opportunities for a growing green economy with wage levels that sustain the labor force. 2. Industry sectors that provide significant labor force benefits but are at risk from increased energy prices and should be targeted for energy efficiency investments to make them more environmentally sustainable. 3. Industries that are environmentally sustainable but do not pay sustaining wages to their workers. 4. Industries that have significant carrying costs for both the social safety net and the environment. Three data series of environmental impacts were produced: 1. Direct (scope 1) and life cycle (scope 1, 2 and 3)18 energy and emissions by commercial, industrial, and government establishments. 2. Direct (scope 1) and life cycle (scope 1, 2 and 3) energy and emissions per job by commercial, industrial, and government establishments. 3. Emissions (scope 1, 2 and 3) from gasoline used by customers on trips to businesses. 18 United States Environmental Protection Agency (2005), “Climate leaders greenhouse gas inventory protocol,” http://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/documents/resources/design_princ_ch4.pdf, pp.16‐19. Direct emissions are equivalent to scope 1, life cycle emissions are equivalent to scope 1, 2 and 3 aggregated. A‐1 A.2 Geographic Aggregation This analysis used employer data from the California Employment Development Department (EDD), which provides establishment‐level employment and payroll data for every employer in Los Angeles County from 1996 through 2011—a total of 1,011,707 employers. This information is used solely for analyzing workforce employment and job creation opportunities. Information provided by these time‐series records includes the following information for the approximately 400,000 employers that are active in Los Angeles County in any given year: Address Six‐digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Monthly employment Quarterly payroll This highly disaggregated data was aggregated into the nine Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions shown earlier in Figure 22. This level of aggregation generally provides sufficiently large numbers of establishments in each industry to provide reliable data while also providing information that is scaled to support sub‐regional land use planning within the county. Industry data was aggregated at the three‐digit NAICS level for each of the nine SCAG sub‐ regions, and at the four‐digit NAICS level for Los Angeles city and County. Data was suppressed in instances when the number of establishments in a given geographic area was not large enough to protect employer confidentiality.19 A.3 Direct Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial, Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1) Direct energy consumption and greenhouse emissions were estimated for each establishment by linking establishment employment data with energy and emission factors in the California multi‐regional input‐output (MRIO) life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model developed for the California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency in to2012. 20These estimates are direct GHG emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the establishment – scope 1 emissions. The MRIO‐LCA factors represent average statewide environmental effects for each industry in terms of the production and consumption occurring in California. These 19 Data was suppressed if there were fewer than three employers in an industry in a given geographic area or if any single employer accounted for 80 percent or more of employment in an industry. 20 Masanet, Eric; Matthews, H. Scott and Derrick Carlson (2012), Retail Climate Change Mitigation: Life‐ Cycle Emission and Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards, prepared for the California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency, Contract UCB 07‐322. A‐2 Figure A.1: Estimating Direct Establishment Emissions Employment data from CA EDD 1996-2011 with NAICS 6-digit coding and addresses for each establishment in LA County used to determine the location, type and scale of industry activity IMPLAN economic models and 19982011 data for LA County used to obtain the amount of value added per employee in each industry, converted to 2002 $ Energy and emissions pegged to level of value added activity each year in each industry: (LA Co. VA per job * # jobs at firm)/ U.S. EIO-LCA VA per $1 M output = Total EIO-LCA value added per firm Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) used to determine amount of value added per $1 million output in each industry in 2002 California MRIO-LCA direct impact factors are multiplied by the annual value added per worker factor in each industry to estimate energy and GHG per establishment Model estimates for energy used by each industry are benchmarked against California Energy Com. data for electricity and natural gas use Industry benchmark factors are imported into the model and used to adjust energy and GHG estimates for each establishment (petroleum-reliant industries are not adjusted - agriculture, mining, transportation) state‐level factors are integrated with national factors for each industry for production and consumption that occurs in the rest of the United States. State‐level factors are predominant when the model is used to estimate direct (scope 1) greenhouse gas emissions by establishments in each industry. Because establishment‐level economic factors are linked to state‐level environmental factors to estimate direct greenhouse gas emissions, the estimates do not identify precise quantities of energy/emissions corresponding to establishment‐level or even regional business activities, but rather to show comparative industry impacts. The energy/emissions factors for each industry represent average statewide impacts. To correct for this, the values produced using statewide EIO‐LCA factors were then aggregated and benchmarked against California Energy Commission data for total electricity and natural gas used by each industry in Los Angeles County, and corrected accordingly. Specific establishments within a given sector are likely to deviate from that average, particularly in small geographic areas where the sample size is small. The focus of this work is on comparative consumption of energy and production of emissions among industries rather than on precise quantities. This data is used to assess comparative impacts and comparative sustainability of industries rather than to construct precise inventories of environmental impacts. The computational steps for estimating direct greenhouse gas emissions are shown in Figure A.1 and described below. A‐3 1. Annual employment data for each establishment provides the foundation for estimating the quantity of energy consumed and greenhouse gases emitted by each establishment. 2. The number of employees at each establishment in each year is translated into annual amount of value added activity at each establishment using IMPLAN input‐output economic models of Los Angeles County for each year. These steps are taken to convert employment numbers into emission numbers for each establishment in each industry. These models and county‐level data for use in the models are produced by MIG, Inc. The annual amount of value added activity is converted to 2002 dollars because both the U.S. EIO‐LCA model and the California MRIO‐LCA models are derived from the 2002 industry input‐output tables produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 3. The amount of value added activity that corresponds with $1 million output in each industry is obtained from the U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐ LCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, (2008). This makes it possible to link estimates to value added activity rather than to output, which closely equates to sales. The MRIO‐LCA model is linked to output rather than value added, however, as the unit of geography shrinks, an increasing share of goods and services that are sold are imported from other regions rather than produced locally. Using the amount of value added activity rather than the value of output to drive the model prevents estimates of environmental effects from inflating as geography shrinks. 4. The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with $1 million in direct economic output by each industry is scaled proportionate to the amount of value added activity at each establishment in each year. Therefore, a fraction of the impact associated with $1 million in output is attributed to a small establishment; many multiples of the $1 million impact are attributed to a large establishment. 5. The scale of value added activity at each establishment (converted to fractions or multiples of the impact associated with $1 million in output by the industry) is multiplied by the California MRIO‐LCA environmental factors for each industry. The primary factor used in this analysis was Annual Metric Tons of Total GHG. The total list of factors estimated by the model includes: Annual Terajoules of Total Energy Annual Terajoules of Coal Annual Terajoules of Natural Gas Annual Terajoules of Petroleum Annual Terajoules of Waste/Biomass Annual Terajoules of Nonfossil Electric Annual Metric Tons of Coal CO2 Annual Metric Tons of Natural Gas CO2 Annual Metric Tons of Petroleum CO2 A‐4 Annual Metric Tons of Biomass/Waste CO2 Annual Metric Tons of Total Energy CO2 Annual Metric Tons of Total GHG Annual Metric Tons of Energy CO2 Annual Metric Tons of Process CO2 Annual Metric Tons of CH4 Annual Metric Tons of N2O Annual Metric Tons of HFC/PFCs 6. Data provided by the California Energy Commission showing actual annual consumption of electricity and natural gas by each industry (typically at the three‐digit NAICS level) in Los Angeles County was benchmarked against the amount of total energy that was estimated to have been consumed by each industry in the preceding step. This was used to create a correction factor which modified estimates produced using MRIO‐LCA factors so that the estimates corresponded with actual annual electricity and natural gas consumption in Los Angeles County. These correction factors were produced by overlaying Energy Commission industry categories on Bureau of Economic Analysis categories, which resulted in 53 industry categories with correction factors. The size of the corrections varied by industry and by year, with the size corrections increasing with each additional year after 2002. Use of CEC data reduced model estimates by 63 percent in 2008, 70 percent in 2009, 69 percent in 2010, and 75 percent in 2011. 7. Industry benchmark factors from the preceding step were imported into the database and used to adjust energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission estimates for each establishment. This step was not carried out for industries that make extensive use of petroleum rather than obtaining energy primarily through electric and natural gas utilities. The petroleum‐reliant industry sectors for which petroleum‐based emissions were not adjusted included: Agriculture, forestry and fishing Air transportation Construction Bus transportation Mining Oil and gas extraction Petroleum and coal products Rail transportation Truck transportation A‐5 A.4 Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial, Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1, 2, 3) Life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission estimates are produced through a similar series of steps to those for just described for estimating direct impacts. A flow chart showing these steps is provided in Figure A.2. 1. Annual employment data for each establishment provides the foundation for estimating the life cycle energy consumed and greenhouse gases emitted as a result of the supplier chain linked to activities at each establishment as well as on‐site activities (scope 1, 2, 3). 2. The number of employees at each establishment in each year is translated into to annual amount of value added activity at each establishment using IMPLAN input‐output economic models of Los Angeles County for each year. These models and county‐level data for use in the models are produced by MIG, Inc. The annual amount of value added activity is converted to 2002 dollars because both the U.S. EIO‐LCA model and the California MRIO‐LCA models are derived from the 2002 industry input‐output tables produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 3. The amount of value added activity that corresponds with $1 million output in each industry is obtained from the U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐ LCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, (2008). Figure A.2: Estimating Life Cycle Establishment Emissions Employment data from CA EDD, 19962011, with NAICS 6-digit coding and addresses for each establishment in LA County used to determine the location, type and scale of industry activity IMPLAN economic models and 1996-2011 data for LA County used to obtain the amount of value added per employee in each industry, converted to 2002 $ Emissions pegged to level of value added activity in each industry: U.S. EIO-LCA VA per $1 M output / LA Co. VA per worker = # LA workers to produce emissions linked to $1 M output in each industry Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (2008) used to determine amount of value added per $1 million output in each industry Annual EIO-LCA energy consumption and emission factors adjusted based on changes since 2002 in the annual ratio of electricity consumption to value added in each industry, using MWh data from CEC and value added data from IMPLAN A‐6 U.S. EIO-LCA total emission factors from CMU multiplied by value added per worker factor for each industry to estimate emissions from each establishment This makes it possible to link estimates to value added activity rather than to output, which closely equates to sales. The United States EIO‐LCA model, which is used for life cycle estimates, includes an economic factor for value added. This factor is preferable to the economic output factor because as the unit of geography shrinks from nation to state to county, an increasing share of goods and services that are sold are imported from other regions rather than produced locally. Using the amount of value added activity rather than the value of output to drive the model prevents estimates of environmental effects from inflating as geography shrinks. 4. The value added factor that is associated with $1 million in economic output by each industry is scaled proportionate to the amount of value added activity at each establishment in each year. Therefore, a fraction of the impact associated with $1 million in output is attributed to a small establishment; many multiples of the $1 million impact being attributed to a large establishment. 5. Annual EIO‐LCA energy consumption and emission factors were adjusted based on changes since 2002 in the annual ratio of electricity consumption to value added in each industry, using electricity consumption data from the Energy Commission and value added data from IMPLAN. 6. The scale of value added activity at each establishment (converted to fractions or multiples of the impact associated with $1 million in output by the industry) was multiplied by the United States EIO‐LCA life cycle factors for each industry. This produced estimates of life cycle environmental impacts for each establishment. The primary factor used in this analysis was Total Metric Tons CO2 equivalent. The total list of factors included in the model at the time it was used for this study included: Total Economic Output ($ Million) Total Value Added ($ Million) Employee Compensation Portion of Value Added ($ Million) Net Taxes Portion of Value Added ($ Million) Profits Portion of Value Added ($ Million) Direct Economic Outlays ($ Million) Direct Economic Outlays as Percent of Total Economic Output Total Metric Tons CO2 equivalent CO2 Fossil Metric Tons CO2 equivalent CO2 Process Metric Tons CO2 equivalent CH4 Metric Tons CO2 equivalent N2O Metric Tons CO2 equivalent HFC/PFCs Equivalent Metric Tons CO2 equivalent Total Energy Terajoules A‐7 Coal Terajoules Natural Gas Terajoules Petroleum Terajoules Bio/Waste Terajoules Non‐Fossil Electricity Terajoules Hazardous Waste Generated ‐ Short Tons Carcinogens Milligrams of C2H3Cl equivalent Non‐carcinogens Milligrams of C2H3Cl equivalent Respiratory Inorganics ‐ Kilograms of PM2.5 equivalent Ozone Layer Depletion ‐ Kilograms of CFC‐11 equivalent Respiratory Organics ‐ Kilograms of C2H4 equivalent Aquatic Ecotoxicity Gigagrams of TEG water Terrestrial ecotoxicity Gigagrams of TEG soil Terrestrial Acid/Nutrification Kilograms of SO2 equivalent Aquatic Acidification ‐ Kilograms of SO2 equivalent Aquatic Eutrophication Kilograms of PO4 P‐lim Water Use ‐ Thousands of Gallons The actual computation of life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for each establishment was as follows: Table A.1: Computations for Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Formula for computing life cycle terajoules of energy from all sectors in 2011: ((va_wkr11 / us02va1m) * avgemp11) * (cec2011r * lc_tj_to) Variable Description va_wkr11 2011 value added per worker in industry in Los Angeles County, in 2002 dollars us02va1m Value Added per $1 million of industry output in 2002 in US EIO-LCA Model AvgEmp11 2011 Annual average employment cec2011r 2011:2002 ratio of MWh per $1 million value added (constant $) based on California Energy Commission electricity consumption data and IMPLAN value added data LC_TJ_TO Life cycle Total terajoules of energy from all sectors per $1 million industry output in 2002 - US 2002 EIO-LCA Formula for computing life cycle metric tons of co2-equivalent emissions in 2011: ((va_wkr11 / us02va1m) * avgemp11) * (cec2011r * lc_co2eq) A‐8 Variable Description va_wkr11 2011 value added per worker in industry in Los Angeles County, in 2002 dollars us02va1m Value Added per $1 million of industry output in 2002 in US EIO-LCA Model AvgEmp11 2011 Annual average employment cec2011r 2011:2002 ratio of MWh per $1M value added (constant $) based on California Energy Commission electricity consumption data and IMPLAN value added data lc_co2eq Life cycle Total terajoules of energy from all sectors per $1 million industry output in 2002 - US 2002 EIO-LCA A.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Customer Trips to Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1) The amount of gasoline consumed and greenhouse gas emissions produced by the customer trips to each commercial and government establishment that is visited by the public was estimated through the series of steps shown in Figure A.3 and described below. Step 1: Estimate the annual gallons of gasoline consumed by light duty vehicles in Los Angeles County. Source: California Air Resource Board Emissions Inventory for On‐ road Motor Vehicles, CEPAM: 2009 Almanac ‐ Population and Vehicle Trends Tool, http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/trends/ems_trends.php. Step 2: Estimate and remove the share of the light‐duty vehicle fleet in Los Angeles County that is commercially registered or operated by government agencies and therefore was not used by the general public. Source: California Department of Motor Vehicles Statistics, http://dmv.ca.gov/about/profile/ca_dmv_stats.pdf. Step 3: Break out private, noncommercial vehicle trips by type: 1) commuting to work, 2) trips to shop or conduct business, and 3) personal, non‐business trips. Remove all trips except those to shop or conduct business. Source: SCAG 2001 Travel Survey, University of Minnesota Metropolitan Travel Survey Archive, Codebook, http://www.surveyarchive.org/sda/SCAG2000/doc/hcbk.htm, Data: http://www.surveyarchive.org/archive.html. Step 4: Estimate the number of trips generated per employee in each commercial and government industry that is visited by the general public. Source: California Emissions Estimator Model, Table 4.3 Mobile Trip Rates, South Coast Air Quality Management District, 2011, http://www.caleemod.com/. Step 5: Remove all industries that do not sell or provide services to the public. Step 6: Compute the estimated number of trips generated by each commercial and government establishment that is visited by the general public based on the industry classification of the establishment, the trip generation factor for that industry, and the number of employees at the establishment. Aggregate the total number of A‐9 Figure A.3: Estimating Emissions Generated by Customer Trips to Establishments ARB data used to estimate annual gasoline consumption by light-duty vehicles California Emissions Estimator Model used to estimate the ratio of trips to number of employees at each type of business Establishment shares of customer trips used to estimate shares of county gasoline consumption DMV data used to estimate and remove annual gasoline consumption by vehicles in business and government fleets NAICS classifications used to remove industries that do not sell to the public SCAG 2001 travel survey data used to estimate share of trips and county gasoline consumption for customer trips Each establishment’s share of total customer trips in LA County estimated based on industry classification and number of employees Argonne National Laboratory GREET 1 2011 emissions model, with average light vehicle mileage and fuel mix for California, used to estimate used to estimate GHG emissions per gallon of gasoline from vehicle operations related to customer trips estimated annual trips and compute each establishment’s share of total customer trips in Los Angeles County. Step 7: Multiply each establishments share of total customer trips generated in the county by the number of gallons of gasoline consumed by the general public making customer trips to commercial and government establishments (estimated in step 3) to estimate the gallons of gasoline consumed by customers making trips to each establishment. Step 8: Use the GREET 1 2011 emissions model developed by Argonne National Laboratory, selecting factors for average light vehicle mileage and fuel mix for California, to estimate that 19.646179 pounds or 0.008911356955511 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions are produced by each gallon of gasoline consumed in vehicle operation (this excluded life cycle emissions associated with extracting and refining petroleum, and transporting it to gas stations). Multiply the gallons consumed for customer trips to each establishment by the emissions produced by each gallon to estimate direct annual greenhouse gas emissions from customer trips to each establishment. Source: Argonne National Laboratory, GREET 1 Series (Fuel‐Cycle Model), http://greet.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=download1x. A‐10 A.6 Discussion of MRIO-LCA and EIO-LCA Economic input‐output (EIO) models capture the monetary transactions between industry sectors in mathematical form. EIO models indicate what goods or services (or output of an industry) are consumed by other industries (or used as input). The Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, has appended information on emissions to the environment to the EIO model. This creates an additional column representing ʺthe environmentʺ sector, and the value in each row represents the pollutant ʺoutputʺ from an industry sector that is ʺinputʺ to this sector. This tracks environmental implications through the entire matrix of industry‐to‐ industry and industry‐to‐consumer relationships, enabling quantification of how increased demand for output from one sector influences the output of pollutants to the environment. Two key strengths of EIO‐LCA are its comprehensiveness and its consistency: a single framework of industry relationships is used to produce energy and emissions factors for every industry, covering the entire economy. Without the use of EIO‐LCA, the research team would not be able to quantify the embedded energy and emissions associated with economic flows, as the required number of process‐based LCAs is prohibitively high. However, because these relationships are California averages for direct impacts estimated using the MRIO‐LCA and United States averages for life cycle impacts estimated the EIO‐LCA, a degree of uncertainty is introduced when these models are applied to Los Angeles County. It was possible to reduce this uncertainty when estimating direct emissions using the MRIO‐ LCA model by benchmarking model results against annual energy consumption data for each industry in Los Angeles County from the Energy Commission. This benchmarking corrects for differences between industry processes in Los Angeles County compared to statewide industry processes as well as for changes in industry technology since the 2002 data that was used to develop the MRIO‐LCA model. The uncertainties inherent in the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are also reduced by using the results to compare and rank industries rather than to estimate the overall inventory of energy consumption and greenhouse emissions by commercial and government activity in Los Angeles County. A‐11 APPENDIX B: Spatial Co-Occurrence of Indicators of Social Well Being and Commercial Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions B.1 Overview The connection of individuals and families through geographic proximity or employment to commercial establishments with high levels of energy consumption and accompanying greenhouse emissions might be linked to diminished levels of well‐being, including long‐term unemployment, housing insecurity, unfulfilled educational potential, diminished health and wellbeing, social isolation, and homelessness. Thirty‐three geographically disaggregated social indicators for Los Angeles County were used to explore potential relationships between energy‐ intensive stationary commercial activities and human well‐being. These indicators capture a wide range of information about residents of Los Angeles County, including demographics, housing, poverty, earnings, access to transportation, health, and child and family wellbeing. B.2 Description of Social Indicator Data This assessment was conducted at the level of census tracts, of which there are 2,346 in Los Angeles County (Figure B.1). The correlation between social indicators and energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions was investigated for 2,200 census tracts that had at least 300 residents and 100 jobs in 2010. The other 146 census tracts that did not meet these thresholds and were excluded from the correlations. Possible spatial relationships between social indicators and energy consumption were screened using the coefficient of determination, r‐squared, which is the proportion of variation in the dependent variable (a social indicator) that is accounted for by variation in the independent variable (an environmental impact). This statistic can be interpreted as the percent of change in the dependent variable that is explained by change in the independent variable. It should be noted that this statistic describes the strength of association between pairs of indices and demonstrates the extent to which they change together but it does not demonstrate causation. Strong r‐squared values would be a preliminary indicator of an association that could then be explored with additional statistical tests. Using the 2,200 census tracts with the minimum number of residents and workers, 21,252 correlations were produced to explore the strength of association between 33 different social indicators and 644 different breakouts of energy and environmental impacts. B‐1 Figure B.1: Census Tracts in Los Angeles County, 2010 B.2.1 Data Sources Three data sources were used to develop social indicators that were spatially overlaid on energy consumption data. Researchers used the following public data sets: American Community Survey (ACS) 2006‐2010 Five‐Year Estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. These are sample‐based estimates of population and housing characteristics at the level of census tracts. American Community Survey (ACS) 2006‐2010 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) from the U.S. Census Bureau. Longitudinal database of public assistance records for 10 million residents of Los Angeles County who received public assistance from 2002 through 2010, including records of homeless episodes. B‐2 These data sources are the strongest (and in many cases, the only) available for the development of a range of social indicators at the census tract level. A total of 33 social indicators were used to test associations between energy consumption and social sustainability. These indicators were selected based upon researchers’ previous work and familiarity with data sources that are both geographically specific and up‐to‐date.21 The full set of indicators spans five categories: nativity and social isolation, poverty and earnings, housing, transportation, and homelessness. The rerationale for including each category, as well as the indicators developed for each, is described below. B.2.1.1 Nativity and Social Isolation Areas with higher numbers of newly arrived residents such as non‐citizens, can experience higher levels of social isolation and residential instability. Indicators include: Number of residents 18 years of age and older that are not U.S. citizens. Percent of residents 18 years of age and older that are not U.S. citizens. Number of residents under 18 years of age that are not U.S. citizens. Percent of residents under 18 years of age that are not U.S. citizens. Total number of residents of all ages that are not U.S. citizens. Percent of residents of all ages that are not U.S. citizens. Percent of households with no one 14 and over who speaks English only or speaks English ʺvery wellʺ. Number of households in which no one 14 and over who speaks English only or speaks English ʺvery well.ʺ 21 See, for example: Economic Roundtable (2007). “Socioeconomic and Health Indicators for Los Angeles County.” Economic Roundtable (2012). “Affordable Housing Benefit Fee Study: The Nexus between New Market‐ Rate Development and the Subsequent Increase in Demand for Affordable Housing in the City of Los Angeles.” Economic Roundtable (2009). “Ebbing Tides in the Golden State.” Community Indicators Consortium (2012). “CIC Indicator Project Database.” Urban Institute (2012). “Outcome Indicators Project.” B‐3 B.2.1.2 Poverty and Earnings These variables capture the county’s poverty and working poor population, including families receiving public assistance. Researchers include these social indicators as a primary link to patterns of energy consumption and emissions. Percent of household receiving Food Stamps in the past 12 months. Number of households receiving Food Stamps in the past 12 months. Percent of households with public assistance income. Number of households with public assistance income. Percent of families with children under five years with incomes below the poverty level. Percent of families with income in the past 12 months below the poverty level. Number of families with income in the past 12 months below the poverty level. Ratio of census tract median income to California statewide median income. B.2.1.3 Housing The Los Angeles region has a significant housing shortage, which leads to overcrowded housing units.22 Rent burden is also high among residents, where more than 30 percent of their income goes towards paying the rent. Number of households that are rent burdened, paying 30% to 49% of income for rent.23 Number of households that are severely rent burdened, paying 50% + of income for rent.24 Percent of households that are rent burdened, paying 30% to 49% of income for rent. Percent of households that are severely rent burdened, paying 50% + of income for rent. Percent that are rent burdened or severely rent burdened. Percent of renter‐occupied housing that is over‐crowded, 1.01 ‐ 1.50 occupants per room.25 22 See Economic Roundtable (2009). “Economic Study of the Rent Stabilization Ordinance and the Los Angeles Housing Market” and Economic Roundtable (2012). “Affordable Housing Benefit Fee Study: The Nexus between New Market‐Rate Development and the Subsequent Increase in Demand for Affordable Housing in the City of Los Angeles.” 23 Between 30 and 50 percent of household income goes to pay rent. 24 More than 50 percent of income goes to pay rent. 25 The standard definition of overcrowding is more than one person per room (including kitchen and living room, excluding bathrooms). The standard definition of severe overcrowding is more than 1.5 person per room. B‐4 Percent of renter‐occupied housing that is severely over‐crowded, 1.51 or more occupants per room. Percent of renter‐occupied housing units with any level of over‐crowding. Number of renter‐occupied housing units that are over‐crowded, 1.01 ‐ 1.50 occupants per room. Number of renter‐occupied housing units that are severely over‐crowded, 1.51 or more occupants per room. Number of renter‐occupied housing units with any level of over‐crowding. Percent of households with sub‐families (i.e., housing units with families doubled‐up). 26 Number of households with sub‐families. B.2.1.4 Transportation A further measure of economic connectedness is access to private vehicles, which is reported by the US Census Bureau. Percent of workers 16 years of age and older that are transit dependent. Number of workers 16 years of age and older that are transit dependent. B.2.1.5 Homelessness Data on homelessness and disconnection from the built environment came from the administrative record system of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services. The application process for public assistance programs, including cash aid, Medi‐Cal and food stamps records instances when applicants self‐declared that they were homeless. This indicator is based on residents who experienced homelessness for 1+ month in 2010 Number of persons homeless for one month or more in 2010 with no prior documented episodes of homelessness. Percent of residents in census tract that were homeless for one month or more in 2010 with no prior documented episodes of homelessness. B.2.1.6 Complete List of Social Indicators A summary list of the 33 social indicators that were correlated with environmental indicators at the census‐tract level is as follows: 1. Number of residents 18 years of age and older that are not U.S. citizens. 26 The US Census Bureau defines a sub‐family as “a married couple (with or without children) or a single parent with one or more never‐married children under the age of 18, residing with and related to the householder, but not including the householder or the householder’s spouse. When grown children move back to the parental home with their own children or spouse, they are considered a subfamily.” B‐5 2. Percent of residents 18 years of age and older that are not U.S. citizens. 3. Number of residents under 18 years of age that are not U.S. citizens. 4. Percent of residents under 18 years of age that are not U.S. citizens. 5. Total number of residents of all ages that are not U.S. citizens. 6. Percent of residents of all ages that are not U.S. citizens. 7. Percent of households with no one 14 and over who speaks English only or speaks English ʺvery well.ʺ 8. Number of households in which no one 14 and over who speaks English only or speaks English ʺvery well.ʺ 9. Percent of household receiving Food Stamps in the past 12 months. 10. Number of households receiving Food Stamps in the past 12 months. 11. Percent of households with public assistance income. 12. Number of households with public assistance income. 13. Percent of families with children under 5 years with incomes below the poverty level. 14. Percent of families with income in the past 12 months below the poverty level. 15. Number of families with income in the past 12 months below the poverty level. 16. Ratio of census tract median income to California statewide median income. 17. Number of households that are rent burdened, paying 30 percent to 49 percent of income for rent. 18. Number of households that are severely rent burdened, paying 50 percent + of income for rent. 19. Percent of households that are rent burdened, paying 30 percent to 49 percent of income for rent. 20. Percent of households that are severely rent burdened, paying 50 percent + of income for rent. 21. Percent that are rent burdened or severely rent burdened. 22. Percent of renter‐occupied housing that is over‐crowded, 1.01 ‐ 1.50 occupants per room. 23. Percent of renter‐occupied housing that is severely over‐crowded, 1.51 or more occupants per room. 24. Percent of renter‐occupied housing units with any level of over‐crowding. 25. Number of renter‐occupied housing units that are over‐crowded, 1.01 ‐ 1.50 occupants per room. 26. Number of renter‐occupied housing units that are severely over‐crowded, 1.51 or more occupants per room. 27. Number of renter‐occupied housing units with any level of over‐crowding. B‐6 28. Percent of households with sub‐families (i.e., housing units with families doubled‐up). 29. Number of households with sub‐families. 30. Percent of workers 16 years of age and older that are transit dependent. 31. Number of workers 16 years of age and older that are transit dependent. 32. Number of persons homeless for one month or more in 2010 with no prior documented episodes of homelessness. 33. Percent of residents in census tract that were homeless for one month or more in 2010 with no prior documented episodes of homelessness. B.3 Spatial Co-Occurrence of Environmental Indicators and Social Indicators B.3.1 Purpose This assessment of the spatial relationship of social indicators to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by stationary commercial activities in Los Angeles County provides evidence about whether energy‐intensive commercial activities and greenhouse gas emissions are a burden borne disproportionately by disadvantaged communities or whether these impacts are spread across all communities. Figures B.2 to B.5 help visualize the question investigated through this task. Figures B.2 and B.3 show the spatial distribution of two key social indicators – rates of poverty and of precarious housing at the census tract level in 2010. Figures B.4 and B.5 show the spatial distribution of two key environmental indicators – estimated direct energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by stationary commercial activities at the census tract level in 2010. The question investigated is, are these indicators and impacts spatially co‐occurent or spatially unrelated? Using the 2,200 census tracts with minimum numbers of residents and workers, 21,252 correlations were produced to explore the strength of association between 33 different social indicators and 644 different breakouts of energy and environmental impacts. B.3.2 Findings about Co-Occurrence of Environmental and Social Indicators B.3.2.1 Total Direct Impacts per Census Tract and per Job Nine measures of total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by establishments located in each census tract were correlated with the 33 social indicators. Half of the correlations were for total impacts, the other half for impacts per job. 1. Total terajoules of energy directly consumed in 2010. 2. Total metric tons of total energy CO2 directly generated in 2010. 3. Total metric tons of greenhouse gases directly generated in 2010. 4. Total metric tons of process CO2 directly generated in 2010. B‐7 Figure B.2: Percent of Families in Poverty by Census Tract - 2010 Figure B.3: Percent of Households that are Rent Burdened by Census Tract - 2010 B‐8 Figure B.4: Terajoules of Energy Directly Consumed by Establishments in Census Tract B‐9 5. Total metric tons of CH4 directly generated in 2010. 6. Total metric tons of N2O directly generated in 2010. 7. Total metric tons of HFC/PFCs directly generated in 2010. 8. Total metric tons of PM10 directly generated in 2010. 9. Total metric tons of PM2.5 directly generated in 2010. Results: No noteworthy correlations between the total quantity of environmental impacts and social indicators were found. B.3.2.2 Total Direct Impacts per Job in each Census Tract Nine measures of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions per job by establishments located in each census tract were correlated with the 33 social indicators. 1. Total terajoules of energy directly consumed per job in 2010. 2. Total metric tons of total energy CO2 directly generated per job in 2010. 3. Total metric tons of greenhouse gases directly generated per job in 2010. 4. Total metric tons of process CO2 directly generated per job in 2010. 5. Total metric tons of CH4 directly generated per job in 2010. 6. Total metric tons of N2O directly generated per job in 2010. 7. Total metric tons of HFC/PFCs directly generated per job in 2010. 8. Total metric tons of PM10 directly generated per job in 2010. 9. Total metric tons of PM2.5 directly generated per job in 2010. Results: No noteworthy correlations between these key measures of environmental impacts and social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was only 0.03. B.3.2.3 Total Direct Impacts per Census Tract Ranked by Quintile and Correlated with Social Impacts Ranked by Quintile Grouping variable values into bracketed categories is a method for identifying more clearly the relationships between variables. In this instance, census tracts were ranked based on each of the 9 measures of total impacts listed above for Worksheet 1, and assigned to one of five categories based on the total quantity of each impact. The same thing was done for each of the 33 social impact variables. Several environmental and social impact variables could not be reclassified for this method of correlation because over 20 percent of the census tracts had a value of zero for the variable. Empty cells are seen in the rows and columns for variables where this was the case. B‐10 Results: This method of correlation produced slightly higher r‐squared values than are shown for comparable correlations in Worksheet 1, however no noteworthy correlations were identified. The strongest r‐squared value was only 0.09. B.3.2.4 Direct Electricity Consumed and Emissions Linked to Delivered Electricity in Census Tracts where Establishments are Located The Carnegie Mellon Green Design Institute U.S. EIO‐LCA model for 2002 was used to estimate direct electricity consumption by each industry in each census tract. The California Energy Commission Power Source Report for 2010 was used to identify the sources of electric power in each utility district. In addition, the GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model was used to estimate the range of emissions produced by electricity consumed by stationary commercial establishments in each census tract. This information yielded the 36 categories of electricity consumption and emissions listed below. Two types of correlations were conducted for each of these 36 categories, the first based on total quantities per census tract, the second based on quantities per job in each census tract. This resulted in 72 environmental factors related to direct electricity consumption being correlated with the 33 social indicators. 1. Terajoules of electricity delivered to establishment in 2010. 2. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses) CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 3. Kilograms of SO2 generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses), CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 4. Kilograms of CO generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses), CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 5. Kilograms of NOX generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses), CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 6. Kilograms of VOC generation emissions per TJ delivered electricity (after T&D Losses), CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 7. Kilograms of PM10 generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses), CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 8. Kilograms of PM2.5 generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses), CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 9. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 10. Kilograms of SO2 precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 11. Kilograms of CO precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 12. Kilograms of NOX precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. B‐11 13. Kilograms of VOC precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 14. Kilograms of PM10 precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 15. Kilograms of PM2.5 precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 16. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 17. Kilograms of SO2 electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions per TJ delivered electricity CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 18. Kilograms of CO from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐ Cycle Model. 19. Kilograms of NOX from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions per TJ delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 20. Kilograms of VOC from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions per TJ delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 21. Kilograms of PM10 from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐ Cycle Model. 22. Kilograms of PM2.5 from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐ Cycle Model. 23. Total metric tons of CO2‐equivalent emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 24. Total kilograms of SO2 emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 25. Total kilograms of CO emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 26. Total kilograms of NOX emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 27. Total kilograms of VOC emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 28. Total kilograms of PM10 emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. B‐12 29. Total kilograms of PM2.5 emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model. 30. Life cycle metric tons of CO2‐equivalent emissions from delivered electricity in 2010. 31. Life cycle kilograms of SO2 emissions from delivered electricity in 2010. 32. Life cycle kilograms of CO emissions from delivered electricity in 2010. 33. Life cycle kilograms of NOX emissions from delivered electricity in 2010. 34. Life cycle kilograms of VOC emissions from delivered electricity in 2010. 35. Life cycle kilograms of PM10 emissions from delivered electricity in 2010. 36. Life cycle kilograms of PM2.5 emissions from delivered electricity in 2010. Results: No noteworthy correlations between these key measures of environmental impacts and social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was 0.10 for the association between residential locations of non‐citizen residents and upstream emissions from generating electricity. B.3.2.5 Life Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Impacts from Establishments Located in each Census Tract The Carnegie Mellon Green Design Institute U.S. EIO‐LCA model for 2002 was used to estimate life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by each industry in each census tract. The five life cycle impacts listed below were calculated as totals for each industry in each census tract, and then recalculated as life cycle impacts per job in each tract, resulting in 10 correlations with the 33 social indicators. Total Impacts Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent CH4 emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent N20 emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent HFC/PFC emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Total terajoules of energy from all sectors in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Impacts per Job Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent CH4 emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent N2O emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent HFC/PFC emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. B‐13 Total terajoules of energy from all sectors in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect. Results: No noteworthy correlations between these measures of life cycle environmental impacts and social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was only 0.03. B.3.2.6 Emissions from Gasoline Consumed for Customer Trips to Establishments Located in Census Tracts The California Emissions Estimator Model was used to estimate the number of customer trips generated by each employee in each industry. This information was used together with the other methodological steps described in the methods paper to estimate the emissions generated by customer trips to establishments in each census tract. The two factors below, total emissions by establishments’ customers and emissions per job were each correlated with the 33 social indicators. These correlations address the question of whether locations with high levels of customer traffic are associated with high levels of social impacts. 1. Total pounds per year of greenhouse gases emitted from gasoline consumed by public customers in light vehicles traveling to establishments in each census tract. 2. Pounds per year per job of greenhouse gases emitted from gasoline consumed by public customers in light vehicles traveling to establishments in each census tract. Results: No noteworthy correlations between these measures of life cycle environmental impacts and social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was only 0.04. B.3.2.7 Direct Industry Impacts in Census Tracts where Establishments are Located The following 8 direct environmental impacts were estimated for each industry sector: 1. Total terajoules of energy directly consumed in 2010. 2. Total metric tons of total energy CO2 directly generated in 2010. 3. Total metric tons of greenhouse gases directly generated in 2010. 4. Total metric tons of CH4 directly generated in 2010. 5. Total metric tons of N2O directly generated in 2010. 6. Total metric tons of HFC/PFCs directly generated in 2010. 7. Total metric tons of PM10 directly generated in 2010. 8. Total metric tons of PM2.5 directly generated in 2010. These impacts were estimated for the following 15 industry sectors in each census tract: 1. Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction B‐14 2. Utilities 3. Manufacturing 4. Wholesale trade 5. Retail trade 6. Transportation and warehousing 7. Information 8. Finance and insurance 9. Professional, scientific, and technical services 10. Administrative and support and waste management services 11. Educational services 12. Health care and social assistance 13. Arts, entertainment, and recreation 14. Accommodation and food services 15. Other services, except public administration For each of the 15 industry sectors, the 8 environmental impacts were correlated with the 33 social indicators. Results: High r‐squared values were obtained in the first two sectors, extractive industries and utilities. The highest values obtained were 0.78 for the association between PM10 and PM2.5 emissions and the percent of households with public assistance income. However, these associations may well be circular and produce falsely positive correlations. Only a small number of census tracts had threshold levels of employment in extractive industries or utilities. In the case of mining and other extractive industries, only 7 census tracts had 100 or more workers in the industry as well as 300 residents; in the case of utilities, 42 census tracts met these criteria. As a result, the high correlation between concentrations of activity in these industries and high social impacts are not reliable because they may well not represent a correlation between energy consumption or greenhouse emissions and social indicators. Rather, they may well represent an association between proximity to inhospitable land uses in a small number of neighborhoods and adverse social indicators. B.3.2.8 Direct Environmental Impacts from Workers' Jobs Linked to their Place of Residence Average energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for each job in each industry in Los Angeles were computed. These averages were linked with census data about industry employment by census tract to connect environmental impacts from workers’ jobs with the place where they live rather than the place where they work. A total of 189 residence‐based impacts were then correlated with the 33 social indicators. B‐15 These correlations included the following 29 factors linked to the industries in which residents are employed impacts per job: 1. Number of residents employed in Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2. Number of residents employed in Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 3. Number of residents employed in Construction 4. Number of residents employed in Manufacturing 5. Number of residents employed in Wholesale trade 6. Number of residents employed in Retail trade 7. Number of residents employed in Transportation and warehousing 8. Number of residents employed in Utilities 9. Number of residents employed in Information 10. Number of residents employed in Finance and insurance 11. Number of residents employed in Real estate and rental and leasing 12. Number of residents employed in Professional, scientific, and technical services 13. Number of residents employed in Management of companies and enterprises 14. Number of residents employed in Administrative and support and waste management services 15. Number of residents employed in Educational services 16. Number of residents employed in Health care and social assistance 17. Number of residents employed in Arts, entertainment, and recreation 18. Number of residents employed in Accommodation and food services 19. Number of residents employed in Other services, except public administration 20. Number of residents employed in Public administration 21. Total Employed Residents 22. Terajoules per job directly consumed by establishments that employed residents in 2010 23. Terajoules of gasoline energy per job for commuting 24. Terajoules of gasoline energy per job for customer trips 25. Total terajoules directly consumed per job, including establishment energy consumption, worker commutes and customer trips in 2010 26. Metric tons of GHG per job 27. Metric tons of GHG emissions from commuting per job 28. Metric tons of GHG per job for customer trips 29. Total metric tons of direct GHG emissions per job, including establishment energy consumption, worker commutes and customer trips in 2010 B‐16 Eight environmental impacts were investigated for each of 20 industries based on the census tracts where those workers resided. The 8 environmental factors included: 1. Total terajoules directly consumed by establishments that employ residents in 2010 2. Total terajoules of gasoline energy commuting to work in private vehicles 3. Total terajoules of gasoline energy for customer trips to establishments where residents work 4. Total terajoules directly consumed by establishments that employ residents, including worker commutes and customer trips in 2010 5. Total metric tons of GHG emissions by establishments that employed residents in 2010 6. Total metric tons of GHG emissions from residentsʹ work commutes in private vehicles 7. Total metric tons of GHG for customer trips to establishments where residents work 8. Total metric tons of direct GHG emissions by establishments that employ residents, including worker commutes and customer trips in 2010 The 20 industry sectors for which the 8 environmental factors were investigated included: 1. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2. Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 3. Construction 4. Manufacturing 5. Wholesale trade 6. Retail trade 7. Transportation and warehousing 8. Utilities 9. Information 10. Finance and insurance 11. Real estate and rental and leasing 12. Professional, scientific, and technical services 13. Management of companies and enterprises 14. Administrative and support and waste management services 15. Educational services 16. Health care and social assistance 17. Arts, entertainment, and recreation 18. Accommodation and food services 19. Other services, except public administration 20. Public administration B‐17 Results: No noteworthy correlations between these measures of life cycle environmental impacts and social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was quite high, 0.49; however, all of the potentially significant r‐squared values appear to be tautological. That is, they are correlations of the same thing measured in two different ways. For example, there are strong correlations between low‐income groups such as immigrants and reduced emissions from commuting because of bus ridership. This appears to be a circular relationship between low income and the more frequent use of public transit by low‐income residents. There are also potentially significant correlations between income and high‐income industries such as Professional, scientific, and technical services, but this also appears to be a tautological relationship between industries that pay high wages and workers that receive high wages. There are also potentially significant correlations between being an immigrant and employment in industries such as Construction, Manufacturing and Wholesale trade with high levels of immigrant employment, but again, these appear to be tautological relationships between low‐ income workers and lower‐skill industries. B.3.2.9 Direct Environmental Impacts per Job from Workers' Workplace Emissions Linked to their Place of Residence Environmental impacts per job by workers’ place of residence were investigated for 8 categories of impacts and 20 employing industries. The 20 employing industries are the same as those listed above for Worksheet 7. The 8 environmental impacts are: 1. Direct terajoules of energy per job consumed by employer 2. Terajoules of gasoline energy consumed per job commuting to work 3. Terajoules of gasoline energy consumed per job by customers traveling to the establishment 4. Total direct terajoules of energy per job, including energy consumed at the establishment, in commuting and by customers traveling to the establishment 5. Metric tons of direct GHG emissions per job by employer 6. Metric tons of GHG emitted per job commuting to work 7. Metric tons of GHG emitted per job by customers traveling to the establishment 8. Total metric tons of direct GHG emissions per job, including establishment emissions, commuting emissions and emissions from customer trips to the establishment Results: No noteworthy correlations between these residence‐based environmental impacts and social indicators were found. The only potentially significant correlation was an r‐squared value of 0.23 for the association between income and employment in Professional, scientific, and technical services; however, this is a tautological relationship. B‐18 B.3.3 Implications of Not Finding Spatial Correlation in the Occurrence of Environmental and Social Indicators A wide net was cast to find associations between social indicators and energy consumed and greenhouse gases emitted by stationary commercial activities. This investigation did not find a disproportionate association between energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and adverse social conditions such as poverty, precarious or overcrowded housing or linguistic isolation. Rather, the environmental externalities associated with intense energy use and release of greenhouse gases appear to be broadly shared by all neighborhoods in Los Angeles County. It is important to note that this task investigated stationary commercial activities that are part of the formal economy. Energy consumption and emission sources not covered by this analysis include: 1. Residential land uses. 2. Mobile emission sources on the roadways and off‐road sites where those emissions occur. An essential part of this analysis was that the emissions needed to be in close proximity to workers’ homes. This narrowed the industry‐specific emissions sources to stationary sources, i.e., establishment sites. 3. Informal economic activity. This information about the baseline relationship between energy, greenhouse gases and social indicators points toward using industry‐specific factors including environmental impacts, wage levels, and industry viability in assessing trade‐offs between energy, environmental and socioeconomic policy goals and regulations. These directly linked industry factors constitute the available tools for addressing the three dimensions of sustainability ‐ environmental, economic and social equity for stationary commercial activities. B‐19 APPENDIX C: Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, by Geographic Region C.1 Direct Energy Consumption, GHG Emissions and Wages per Job Variations in average terajoules, average metric tons of greenhouse gasses and annual average wage, by 4‐digit NAICS industry, for Los Angeles County and City. Table cells with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; table cells with no employment are presented with “‐“. Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.2 0.3 133 96 62 94 $59,140 (s) 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 30 38 47 56 $26,393 $22,375 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 15 33 41 47 $24,953 $24,756 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 13 18 26 30 $27,081 $30,542 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 85 96 108 87 $26,841 $29,755 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 94 105 168 158 $43,279 $59,006 0.8 1.2 1.7 1.8 53 78 111 117 $16,401 (s) Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) ‐ Aquaculture (1125) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 34 42 57 60 $37,236 (s) Other Animal Production (1129) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 34 42 57 60 $38,726 $49,675 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products (1132) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Logging (1133) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $15,207 $15,207 Fishing (1141) 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 4 9 10 13 $98,243 $135,820 Hunting and Trapping (1142) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) ‐ 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0 $33,728 $34,125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $25,992 $33,400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $49,284 (s) Other Crop Farming (1119) Cattle Ranching and Farming (1121) Poultry and Egg Production (1123) Support Activities for Crop Production (1151) Support Activities for Animal Production (1152) Support Activities for Forestry (1153) C‐1 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.3 Oilseed and Grain Farming (1111) Vegetable and Melon Farming (1112) Fruit and Tree Nut Farming (1113) Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production (1114) Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 0.4 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Oil and Gas Extraction (2111) 6.7 3.4 3.5 4.3 833 428 444 544 $223,146 $511,071 Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 2.3 1.4 2.1 1.8 5 3 5 4 $73,211 $68,554 1.9 1.6 1.1 0.9 0 0 0 0 $88,622 $127,338 87.9 74.2 88.7 81.8 1,561 1,546 1,305 1,439 $109,316 $109,356 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.7 451 647 539 394 $83,114 $97,657 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.3 321 352 373 222 $80,467 $87,091 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0 $46,134 $43,877 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 $69,698 $74,425 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $83,012 $71,520 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $80,251 $77,390 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $71,981 $69,728 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $77,175 $76,766 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 $46,205 $39,889 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 $53,755 $48,995 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 $38,418 $34,671 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $46,864 $45,231 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 17 18 22 19 $73,229 $56,337 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 31 37 40 34 $53,102 $55,099 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 3 4 4 4 $44,487 $38,565 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 7 7 7 8 $46,878 $61,262 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 15 16 12 15 $75,916 $72,310 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying (2123) Support Activities for Mining (2131) Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (2211) Natural Gas Distribution (2212) Water, Sewage and Other Systems (2213) Residential Building Construction (2361) Nonresidential Building Construction (2362) Utility System Construction (2371) Land Subdivision (2372) Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction (2373) Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (2379) Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors (2381) Building Equipment Contractors (2382) Building Finishing Contractors (2383) Other Specialty Trade Contractors (2389) Animal Food Manufacturing (3111) Grain and Oilseed Milling (3112) Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing (3113) Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing (3114) Dairy Product Manufacturing (3115) C‐2 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.2 0.1 6 5 5 3 $35,126 $35,088 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 8 7 7 7 $29,697 $32,669 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 4 4 4 $33,692 $32,090 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 6 6 6 6 $45,478 $44,821 Beverage Manufacturing (3121) 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 13 10 11 10 $60,697 $64,927 Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills (3131) 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 4 6 5 6 $27,827 $52,477 Fabric Mills (3132) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 13 11 10 12 $35,636 $40,465 Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills (3133) 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 20 19 22 23 $30,919 $34,702 Textile Furnishings Mills (3141) 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 3 3 3 3 $38,952 $33,196 Other Textile Product Mills (3149) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 2 2 2 2 $34,474 $39,526 Apparel Knitting Mills (3151) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $31,527 $28,312 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,727 $30,474 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 1 $36,641 $36,653 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 1 0 0 $34,373 $59,510 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $28,426 $23,926 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,378 $41,322 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $28,158 $48,648 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 1 1 $36,359 $33,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $31,870 $29,966 6.7 6.7 6.4 5.5 66 66 63 54 $41,316 (s) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 10 11 11 11 $53,821 $38,686 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0 $42,598 $40,767 Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing (3152) Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing (3159) Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing (3161) Footwear Manufacturing (3162) Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (3169) Sawmills and Wood Preservation (3211) Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing (3212) Other Wood Product Manufacturing (3219) Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (3221) Converted Paper Product Manufacturing (3222) Printing and Related Support Activities (3231) C‐3 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.2 Animal Slaughtering and Processing (3116) Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging (3117) Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) Other Food Manufacturing (3119) Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 0.2 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City 73.8 1,712 153.3 4.3 5.3 4.9 5.1 308 354 338 4.8 5.8 5.5 6.3 81 98 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 272 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 74.0 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 21.3 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 Basic Chemical Manufacturing (3251) Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing (3252) Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing (3253) Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (3254) Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing (3255) Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing (3256) Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing (3259) Plastics Product Manufacturing (3261) Rubber Product Manufacturing (3262) Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing (3271) Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing (3272) Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing (3273) Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing (3274) Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (3279) Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing (3311) Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel (3312) Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing (3313) Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (3241) Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City $109,659 $120,940 354 $73,119 $67,627 93 107 $59,524 $47,431 293 318 280 $64,522 (s) 2 2 2 2 $58,238 $71,289 0.4 8 10 11 10 $62,508 $46,122 0.6 0.5 7 8 10 8 $51,458 $58,576 0.4 0.4 0.5 6 7 8 10 $75,805 $31,641 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 1 1 1 $41,783 $41,461 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 2 1 2 2 $42,154 $33,091 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 12 10 11 16 $35,078 $44,513 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 13 11 14 11 $39,852 $37,705 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 3 4 4 $48,228 $51,225 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 247 203 190 215 $52,965 $39,367 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 5 4 5 5 $40,487 $43,629 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 117 117 105 90 $37,560 $47,845 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 2 2 2 $58,270 $61,892 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 17 15 11 20 $53,238 $46,994 C‐4 12,29 5,935 5,921 2 Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.4 0.4 0.5 20 26 28 Foundries (3315) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 1 1 1 1 $52,348 $34,238 Forging and Stamping (3321) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 8 7 9 10 $54,890 $44,436 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 2 1 $40,522 $44,575 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $42,902 $40,262 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 4 5 5 4 $66,742 $89,870 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $46,373 $28,938 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 2 1 $39,167 $34,108 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $52,942 $51,135 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 6 6 6 6 $40,492 $40,252 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 2 2 3 $58,138 $59,973 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $61,696 $37,713 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 1 $55,573 $43,287 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 1 $77,258 $46,404 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 1 $49,815 $48,579 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $44,792 $40,325 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 1 1 1 $80,991 $85,257 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $61,321 $43,212 Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing (3322) Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing (3323) Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing (3324) Hardware Manufacturing (3325) Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing (3326) Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing (3327) Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities (3328) Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (3329) Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing (3331) Industrial Machinery Manufacturing (3332) Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing (3333) Ventilation, Heating, Air‐ Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing (3334) Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing (3335) Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing (3336) Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing (3339) C‐5 41 $54,540 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.3 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing (3314) Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City $53,012 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $92,579 $68,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $87,459 $48,713 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $90,517 $92,261 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 3 3 3 $59,434 $54,551 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $103,797 $88,279 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 1 1 $60,895 $61,257 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $47,820 $55,478 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 1 1 $40,746 $47,308 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $48,444 $57,183 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $70,508 $84,975 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 6 4 7 2 $74,881 $120,378 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 2 1 2 $42,877 $33,536 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $47,028 $58,709 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $95,609 $93,851 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 2 1 2 $33,652 (s) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $45,021 $41,079 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 2 1 1 $48,262 $80,215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,872 $30,636 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $45,830 $44,946 C‐6 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.1 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 0.1 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (3369) Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing (3371) Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing (3372) Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Ship and Boat Building (3366) Average Terajoules per Job 2010 Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing (3341) Communications Equipment Manufacturing (3342) Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing (3343) Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing (3344) Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing (3345) Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media (3346) Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing (3351) Household Appliance Manufacturing (3352) Electrical Equipment Manufacturing (3353) Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing (3359) Motor Vehicle Manufacturing (3361) Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing (3362) Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing (3363) Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing (3364) Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing (3365) Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $34,433 $26,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $61,874 $73,481 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $56,521 $42,909 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $51,640 $37,819 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $48,550 $48,353 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $47,365 $47,676 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $68,504 $57,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $65,089 $75,267 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $72,049 $78,177 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $50,999 $38,729 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $61,251 $55,746 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $57,551 $50,464 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $52,526 $49,151 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $69,874 $80,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $46,549 $44,099 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $48,168 $47,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $56,442 $91,215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $61,191 $66,081 C‐7 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 0.0 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2011 0.0 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing (3379) Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing (3391) Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing (3399) Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4231) Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers (4232) Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers (4233) Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4234) Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers (4235) Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4236) Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4237) Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4238) Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4239) Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers (4241) Drugs and Druggistsʹ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers (4242) Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers (4243) Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers (4244) Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers (4245) Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers (4246) Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $75,244 $97,700 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $59,328 $58,127 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $42,659 $45,040 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $60,496 $60,311 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $54,421 $55,337 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $42,820 $34,748 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $30,894 $31,580 Furniture Stores (4421) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $34,074 $32,029 Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $28,470 $30,773 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $56,742 $68,037 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,327 $33,082 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $27,073 $24,318 Grocery Stores (4451) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $27,350 $27,329 Specialty Food Stores (4452) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $25,528 $22,352 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $19,191 $21,152 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $37,139 $37,754 Gasoline Stations (4471) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 $27,890 $19,731 Clothing Stores (4481) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $20,542 $23,140 Shoe Stores (4482) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $23,132 $27,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $37,747 $34,606 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $22,469 $29,819 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $18,297 $19,580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $21,042 $24,020 Automobile Dealers (4411) Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores (4413) Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) Building Material and Supplies Dealers (4441) Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores (4442) Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) Health and Personal Care Stores (4461) Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores (4483) Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores (4511) Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) Department Stores (4521) C‐8 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.0 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (4247) Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers (4248) Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4249) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (4251) Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 0.0 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $24,708 $24,421 Florists (4531) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $22,805 $27,468 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores (4532) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,191 $32,289 Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $21,313 $23,293 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $30,561 $30,972 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 $59,063 $71,932 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 $42,263 $49,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 $34,970 $36,953 5.4 5.6 6.4 6.2 $61,032 $60,431 5.4 5.6 6.4 6.2 $85,679 $85,342 7.7 5.4 4.7 3.7 $45,155 (s) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 48 57 64 76 $65,682 $60,645 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 48 57 64 76 $57,683 $64,867 General Freight Trucking (4841) 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 346 312 355 343 $42,233 $38,898 Specialized Freight Trucking (4842) 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 346 312 355 343 $41,276 $37,074 Urban Transit Systems (4851) 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $50,941 $51,791 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $44,672 $37,081 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $31,254 $32,196 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $27,401 $26,837 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $34,085 $44,546 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $30,124 $30,065 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 123 120 127 137 $119,596 (s) 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 123 120 127 137 $101,868 $102,095 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) Electronic Shopping and Mail‐ Order Houses (4541) Vending Machine Operators (4542) Direct Selling Establishments (4543) Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) Rail Transportation (4821) Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation (4831) Inland Water Transportation (4832) Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation (4852) Taxi and Limousine Service (4853) School and Employee Bus Transportation (4854) Charter Bus Industry (4855) Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (4859) Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil (4861) Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas (4862) C‐9 1,237 1,287 1,482 1,442 1,237 1,287 1,482 1,442 1,061 847 1,752 1,229 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.0 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 2.6 2.8 123 120 127 137 $94,842 $66,748 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $33,941 $26,678 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0 $22,464 $17,938 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0 $125,593 (s) 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 7 5 6 2 $45,506 $44,440 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $43,386 (s) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 46 35 39 12 $81,301 $86,487 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $34,230 $37,503 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $53,262 $53,912 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $68,705 $80,667 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 2 2 2 $60,054 $60,404 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 225 246 287 211 $47,212 $52,419 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 225 246 287 211 $25,930 $21,437 Warehousing and Storage (4931) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 3 4 4 $47,130 $53,182 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers (5111) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $73,616 $83,916 Software Publishers (5112) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $141,587 $137,905 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $95,157 $130,686 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $101,075 $82,786 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $114,942 $120,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $105,087 $95,822 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $87,606 $83,159 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $63,021 $68,423 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $74,652 $74,003 Postal Service (4911) Couriers and Express Delivery Services (4921) Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) Sound Recording Industries (5122) Radio and Television Broadcasting (5151) Cable and Other Subscription Programming (5152) Wired Telecommunications Carriers (5171) Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) (5172) Satellite Telecommunications (5174) C‐10 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 2.4 Other Pipeline Transportation (4869) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land (4871) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water (4872) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other (4879) Support Activities for Air Transportation (4881) Support Activities for Rail Transportation (4882) Support Activities for Water Transportation (4883) Support Activities for Road Transportation (4884) Freight Transportation Arrangement (4885) Other Support Activities for Transportation (4889) Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 2.5 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $86,812 $96,168 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $79,507 $64,022 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $79,378 $62,783 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $113,332 $90,268 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $65,480 $75,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $70,150 $60,949 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $64,330 $78,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $209,470 $258,272 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $68,971 $165,066 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $236,254 $306,339 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $90,135 $103,135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $72,425 $80,768 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $53,695 $53,077 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $101,317 $107,608 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $44,843 $40,155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $71,281 $78,229 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $50,090 $53,402 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $46,760 $43,538 Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $39,634 $48,719 General Rental Centers (5323) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $49,695 $42,189 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $65,572 $72,826 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 3 7 7 7 $99,599 $115,163 Insurance Carriers (5241) Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities (5242) Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds (5251) Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) Lessors of Real Estate (5311) Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers (5312) Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing (5321) Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing (5324) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (5331) C‐11 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.1 Other Telecommunications (5179) Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services (5182) Other Information Services (5191) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (5211) Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) Activities Related to Credit Intermediation (5223) Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage (5231) Securities and Commodity Exchanges (5232) Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 0.1 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $105,037 $112,501 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $67,980 $69,098 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $107,556 $84,021 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $66,666 $66,957 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $92,099 $93,999 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $69,002 $67,802 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 1 $102,193 $79,242 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $94,510 $110,373 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $45,972 $55,719 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $94,565 $101,948 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0 0 $75,578 $72,478 Facilities Support Services (5612) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 1 $31,859 $30,733 Employment Services (5613) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $27,183 $34,940 Business Support Services (5614) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $37,619 $35,767 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 2 3 3 $49,583 $58,813 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $24,389 $22,805 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $26,356 $26,332 Other Support Services (5619) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 0 1 $39,789 $37,344 Waste Collection (5621) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 31 31 43 $55,572 $49,792 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 31 31 43 $59,224 $65,091 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 31 31 43 $45,753 $40,984 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $47,226 $47,224 Junior Colleges (6112) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $50,890 $53,615 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (6113) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $62,803 $67,726 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Legal Services (5411) Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services (5412) Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services (5413) Specialized Design Services (5414) Computer Systems Design and Related Services (5415) Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services (5416) Scientific Research and Development Services (5417) Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services (5418) Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (5419) Management of Companies and Enterprises (5511) Office Administrative Services (5611) Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services (5615) Investigation and Security Services (5616) Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) Remediation and Other Waste Management Services (5629) Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) C‐12 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $42,725 $38,691 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $44,135 $47,086 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $24,333 $29,685 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $34,148 $33,535 Offices of Physicians (6211) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $74,721 $75,243 Offices of Dentists (6212) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $40,371 $40,422 Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $35,471 $34,943 Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $56,530 $55,360 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $52,479 $57,672 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $28,329 $29,463 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $38,618 $42,949 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 0 $68,328 $68,034 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 0 $48,810 $47,057 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 0 $51,025 $45,263 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $30,464 $31,469 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $32,421 $38,438 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $25,264 $28,568 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $31,947 $32,564 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $36,608 $42,404 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 1 1 1 $36,260 $35,330 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 1 1 1 $25,692 $28,629 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $24,700 $24,644 Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) Home Health Care Services (6216) Other Ambulatory Health Care Services (6219) General Medical and Surgical Hospitals (6221) Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals (6222) Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals (6223) Nursing Care Facilities (6231) Residential Mental Retardation, Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities (6232) Community Care Facilities for the Elderly (6233) Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) Individual and Family Services (6241) Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services (6242) Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) Child Day Care Services (6244) C‐13 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.0 Business Schools and Computer and Management Training (6114) Technical and Trade Schools (6115) Other Schools and Instruction (6116) Educational Support Services (6117) Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 0.0 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $125,220 $63,059 Spectator Sports (7112) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $106,154 $120,051 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $51,443 $48,041 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $131,266 $144,988 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $350,545 $367,379 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 2 1 1 1 $44,641 $47,174 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 0 0 $40,845 $23,866 Gambling Industries (7132) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 0 0 $27,637 $26,495 Other Amusement and Recreation Industries (7139) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $22,727 $25,460 Traveler Accommodation (7211) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4 4 4 4 $30,143 $31,479 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 3 3 3 2 $25,916 $32,339 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 4 5 5 $28,855 $27,998 Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 0.1 0.1 0.1 ‐ 2 2 2 ‐ ‐ ‐ Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) 0.1 0.1 0.1 ‐ 2 2 2 ‐ ‐ ‐ Special Food Services (7223) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $24,559 $25,070 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $16,077 $16,203 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $17,530 $18,300 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1 2 1 $29,878 $30,085 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $41,538 $42,360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1 1 1 $54,340 $53,921 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events (7113) Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures (7114) Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers (7115) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (7121) Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps (7212) Rooming and Boarding Houses (7213) Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) Other Restaurants and Eating Places (7225) Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance (8112) Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance (8113) C‐14 City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.0 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Performing Arts Companies (7111) Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City Average Terajoules per Job 2011 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2008 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2009 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2010 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 2 1 1 $32,730 $32,039 Personal Care Services (8121) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $21,399 $21,253 Death Care Services (8122) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 5 5 4 $49,169 $49,381 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 2 1 $26,486 $25,641 Other Personal Services (8129) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 2 1 1 $26,399 $26,526 Religious Organizations (8131) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $28,012 $30,778 Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 2 2 $51,082 $51,102 Social Advocacy Orgs .(8133) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 2 2 $41,776 $47,801 Civic & Social Orgs. (8134) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 5 5 5 $22,255 $22,183 Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations (8139) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 5 5 5 $60,953 $66,367 ‐ $13,470 $13,957 Private Households (8141) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (9211) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (9221) Administration of Human Resource Programs (9231) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (9241) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (9251) Administration of Economic Program (9261) Space Research and Technology (9271) National Security and International Affairs (9281) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ City of Los Angeles Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2010 0.0 Los Angeles County Annual Average Wage 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2009 Personal & Household Goods Repair & Maintenance (8114) Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011 Average Terajoules per Job 2008 Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 14 14 15 15 $61,652 $63,569 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 15 15 14 17 $84,945 $86,647 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 17 16 13 17 $71,848 $74,241 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 9 10 10 $64,245 $65,706 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 14 14 15 15 $70,252 $72,637 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 8 8 10 10 $73,541 $71,806 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) ‐ 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 8 7 7 6 $85,144 $77,895 Unclassified (9999) 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 18 13 9 14 $53,518 $63,559 TOTAL 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 21 25 28 33 $53,360 $57,512 Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN software and data for Los Angeles County. C‐15 C.1.2 Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions Variations in 2011 annual average wages of workers employed in the nine SCAG subreagions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Table cells with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; table cells with no employment are presented with “‐“. Table C.1.2: Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions SCAG Subregions North L.A. County L.A. City San Gabriel Valley COG Westside Cities South Bay Cities COG Gateway Cities COG Las Virgenes Malibu Crop Production (111) $28,322 $27,526 $28,322 ‐ $26,555 $28,434 $27,582 $25,272 $27,630 Animal Production (112) Industry Title & 3‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Arroyo Verdugo San Fernando Valley $51,738 $22,638 $51,738 $100,000 $36,971 ‐ $46,909 $36,961 $18,414 Forestry and Logging (113) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $13,271 ‐ ‐ $50,602 (s) Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $19,942 $53,297 $24,420 (s) $30,205 $15,038 $30,205 $10,849 $35,548 $43,444 $52,381 $24,829 $24,409 Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) Oil and Gas Extraction (211) $71,349 ‐ $71,349 ‐ ‐ $128,178 $130,511 $151,947 (s) Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) $80,013 $76,511 $80,013 ‐ $76,898 ‐ ‐ ‐ (s) Support Activities for Mining (213) $113,172 ‐ $113,172 $18,720 $58,390 $51,537 $86,468 $63,806 (s) Utilities (221) $89,377 $86,104 $89,377 $76,902 $97,428 $77,508 $88,990 $80,709 (s) Construction of Buildings (236) $50,547 $44,008 $50,547 $36,356 $54,861 $70,408 $55,629 $57,659 $46,804 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) $73,713 $60,997 $73,713 $105,249 $92,595 $94,480 $73,062 $75,834 $80,033 Specialty Trade Contractors (238) $43,756 $45,255 $43,756 $36,075 $49,056 $53,714 $47,939 $53,136 $40,511 Food Manufacturing (311) $60,119 $38,828 $60,119 $15,801 $42,340 $25,760 $40,703 $43,731 $35,141 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) $82,106 $39,809 $82,106 ‐ $75,057 $27,936 $62,741 $50,794 (s) Textile Mills (313) $39,186 $21,461 $39,186 ‐ $25,744 $34,575 $43,838 $27,944 (s) Textile Product Mills (314) $35,375 $19,873 $35,375 ‐ $42,796 $39,822 $34,848 $36,702 (s) Apparel Manufacturing (315) $44,530 $21,188 $44,530 $18,349 $31,838 $49,865 $62,853 $34,030 $75,598 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) $33,372 ‐ $33,372 ‐ $28,612 $23,159 $32,663 $31,980 (s) Wood Product Manufacturing (321) $35,277 $20,596 $35,277 ‐ $31,730 $10,836 $32,662 $33,786 (s) Paper Manufacturing (322) $25,848 ‐ $25,848 ‐ $55,020 $77,076 $47,312 $56,980 (s) $51,053 $32,440 $51,053 $36,907 $37,926 $46,328 $47,551 $37,419 $58,355 $144,482 $94,991 $144,482 ‐ $82,884 $60,717 $119,704 $88,005 (s) $54,860 $61,054 $54,860 $109,917 $50,625 $198,491 $56,948 $51,318 $32,203 $40,605 $26,970 $40,605 $8,448 $37,756 $52,515 $44,114 $45,386 (s) $42,015 $42,960 $42,015 ‐ $42,629 $48,412 $41,037 $45,771 $35,997 Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) $42,113 $32,085 $42,113 ‐ $45,608 ‐ $56,890 $57,861 (s) Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) $51,382 $32,338 $51,382 $36,510 $47,663 $41,306 $57,012 $48,615 $51,105 Machinery Manufacturing (333) $71,580 $56,164 $71,580 ‐ $58,641 $45,470 $58,488 $55,254 $87,266 Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) Chemical Manufacturing (325) Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) C‐16 Table C.1.2: Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions SCAG Subregions Gateway Cities COG Las Virgenes Malibu Food and Beverage Stores (445) South Bay Cities COG Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Westside Cities Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) San Gabriel Valley COG Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Arroyo Verdugo Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) L.A. City Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) North L.A. County Industry Title & 3‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 San Fernando Valley $77,064 $93,712 $77,064 $62,466 $68,995 $116,747 $108,020 $54,733 $150,574 $62,738 $35,980 $62,738 ‐ $49,624 $44,189 $56,854 $50,719 $165,280 $69,995 $98,324 $69,995 $5,400 $77,529 $74,791 $94,621 $86,321 (s) $37,747 $34,315 $37,747 ‐ $37,000 $30,341 $40,152 $34,872 $70,185 $61,463 $29,822 $61,463 $36,026 $52,470 $55,143 $102,164 $46,025 $46,715 $60,878 $35,957 $60,878 $75,223 $49,674 $88,981 $78,670 $58,928 $88,770 $52,465 $44,727 $52,465 $53,556 $46,402 $60,600 $48,231 $50,963 $76,852 $62,404 $41,117 $62,404 $91,884 $53,909 $103,534 $64,792 $53,733 $87,219 $49,255 $36,333 $49,255 $26,471 $45,714 $61,006 $47,515 $45,386 $66,770 $26,624 $26,454 $26,624 $15,653 $26,454 $35,287 $33,512 $32,715 $31,602 $64,433 $20,420 $64,433 $29,623 $41,185 $64,888 $62,840 $37,301 $42,001 $31,650 $27,036 $31,650 $24,598 $29,435 $47,977 $31,811 $32,455 $33,938 $26,495 $22,843 $26,495 $28,502 $24,776 $27,552 $31,343 $27,740 $29,854 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) $35,592 $34,676 $35,592 $43,929 $36,399 $42,044 $37,777 $35,643 $40,495 Gasoline Stations (447) $19,011 $16,458 $19,011 $21,665 $22,666 $19,620 $70,691 $24,395 $28,846 $17,379 $14,485 $17,379 $14,011 $18,695 $35,461 $17,848 $17,964 $30,940 $18,222 $13,317 $18,222 $13,835 $18,515 $25,132 $18,090 $18,957 $27,203 General Merchandise Stores (452) $22,758 $21,114 $22,758 $15,143 $20,855 $28,333 $22,545 $21,967 $24,065 Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) $27,485 $17,457 $27,485 $22,401 $23,917 $41,256 $24,849 $33,224 $26,429 Nonstore Retailers (454) $42,384 $23,620 $42,384 $41,517 $39,655 $73,695 $55,765 $40,700 $86,310 Air Transportation (481) $72,770 ‐ $72,770 ‐ $47,953 $82,640 $61,549 $68,219 (s) Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) Rail Transportation (482) $44,685 ‐ $44,685 ‐ ‐ ‐ $45,704 ‐ (s) Water Transportation (483) $72,027 $27,000 $72,027 ‐ $41,811 $24,088 $46,004 $54,715 (s) Truck Transportation (484) $34,992 $28,914 $34,992 $31,155 $37,640 $35,916 $43,029 $45,641 $33,194 Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) $38,600 $28,252 $38,600 $24,213 $32,599 $55,370 $43,695 $33,887 $20,682 $102,054 $67,762 $102,054 ‐ $69,480 ‐ $83,353 $116,245 (s) $36,412 ‐ $36,412 ‐ $20,031 $25,484 $44,833 $30,866 (s) $50,325 $34,877 $50,325 $87,918 $42,880 $52,607 $49,892 $68,588 $65,000 Postal Service (491) $59,802 $57,019 $59,802 $58,698 $60,824 $62,249 $60,563 $58,648 $57,985 Couriers and Messengers (492) $41,247 $37,953 $41,247 $14,833 $43,839 $41,915 $40,692 $37,236 (s) Warehousing and Storage (493) $49,250 $42,478 $49,250 ‐ $44,090 $37,885 $46,519 $48,068 (s) Pipeline Transportation (486) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) C‐17 Table C.1.2: Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions SCAG Subregions San Fernando Valley North L.A. County L.A. City Arroyo Verdugo San Gabriel Valley COG Westside Cities South Bay Cities COG Gateway Cities COG Las Virgenes Malibu $78,492 $35,040 $78,492 $35,596 $59,905 $164,060 $84,022 $40,326 $93,858 $80,922 $16,138 $80,922 $71,661 $39,574 $135,503 $68,651 $19,257 $87,305 $118,852 $47,029 $118,852 $10,893 $50,472 $131,506 $85,317 $49,084 $177,743 Telecommunications (517) $82,048 $61,474 $82,048 $70,928 $70,289 $86,947 $102,167 $61,913 $83,120 Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) $66,893 $48,197 $66,893 $81,556 $84,720 $119,964 $70,847 $77,304 $31,196 Other Information Services (519) $92,647 $11,957 $92,647 ‐ $74,226 $114,501 $67,611 $38,919 $118,660 $108,601 ‐ $108,601 ‐ $261,341 ‐ ‐ $63,036 (s) $56,175 $34,191 $56,175 $52,481 $59,907 $95,218 $73,616 $42,030 $112,009 $103,913 $50,136 $103,913 $50,501 $117,155 $199,004 $109,119 $90,281 $131,036 $83,911 $40,664 $83,911 $66,849 $59,687 $94,823 $76,898 $62,257 $89,510 $66,094 ‐ $66,094 $153,232 $45,252 $139,427 $93,658 $54,455 $63,017 Real Estate (531) $47,042 $26,480 $47,042 $50,943 $39,195 $69,364 $54,205 $44,991 $55,139 Rental and Leasing Services (532) $46,661 $37,480 $46,661 $8,332 $35,128 $43,385 $54,469 $48,821 $42,189 $98,109 $47,518 $98,109 $56,568 $72,075 $112,643 $62,735 $27,934 $123,817 $70,800 $41,307 $70,800 $48,638 $72,338 $104,655 $115,476 $55,814 $81,961 $87,690 $58,879 $87,690 $66,282 $97,871 $118,975 $95,140 $72,471 $145,253 $34,415 $24,464 $34,415 $46,497 $31,100 $41,442 $31,776 $24,369 $49,002 $54,288 $53,747 $54,288 ‐ $54,792 $50,366 $43,629 $57,418 $34,772 Educational Services (611) $45,270 $45,175 $45,270 $50,485 $46,471 $44,384 $45,081 $47,879 $56,972 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) $53,615 $57,044 $53,615 $62,698 $53,848 $67,055 $53,048 $52,492 $67,533 Hospitals (622) $63,650 $61,304 $63,650 ‐ $62,139 $99,793 $55,631 $59,389 $42,773 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) $30,729 $28,152 $30,729 $17,497 $28,425 $31,581 $28,568 $27,340 $35,597 Social Assistance (624) $26,406 $25,181 $26,406 $23,199 $26,304 $37,220 $27,006 $27,149 $29,024 $217,739 $33,816 $217,739 $239,038 $72,610 $270,418 $154,743 $39,508 $203,129 $35,719 $26,437 $35,719 $33,902 $29,072 $58,802 $118,825 $30,643 (s) $30,804 $14,828 $30,804 $19,761 $18,656 $22,822 $22,117 $24,806 $21,418 Accommodation (721) $26,987 $24,209 $26,987 ‐ $26,274 $36,020 $24,006 $24,758 $25,408 Food Services and Drinking Places (722) $17,271 $14,996 $17,271 $16,617 $15,804 $21,866 $17,146 $16,340 $26,034 Repair and Maintenance (811) $30,533 $29,329 $30,533 $27,194 $32,964 $30,884 $33,373 $37,235 $32,300 Industry Title & 3‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) C‐18 Table C.1.2: Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions SCAG Subregions San Fernando Valley North L.A. County L.A. City Arroyo Verdugo San Gabriel Valley COG Westside Cities South Bay Cities COG Gateway Cities COG Las Virgenes Malibu Personal and Laundry Services (812) $25,985 $18,283 $25,985 $21,425 $24,997 $31,942 $22,904 $24,991 $19,817 Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) $47,053 $20,372 $47,053 $14,391 $38,178 $54,008 $30,229 $33,343 $39,058 Private Households (814) $12,207 $14,090 $12,207 $15,532 $11,406 $20,197 $15,107 $12,952 $22,421 $72,792 $41,125 $72,792 $66,032 $59,405 $73,313 $68,383 $51,933 $44,203 $97,265 $45,261 $97,265 ‐ $90,552 $105,857 $91,516 $87,203 (s) $71,479 $64,045 $71,479 ‐ $61,945 $75,121 $54,124 $66,289 (s) $51,730 $42,982 $51,730 ‐ $77,967 $48,631 $76,181 $52,751 (s) $78,744 ‐ $78,744 ‐ $62,920 $93,095 $59,022 ‐ (s) $30,313 $36,545 $30,313 ‐ $48,284 $64,725 $106,454 $49,200 (s) Space Research and Technology (927) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $118,218 (s) National Security and International Affairs (928) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $92,062 ‐ $29,934 $86,465 (s) Unclassified (999) $59,299 $27,498 $59,299 $47,393 $30,579 $101,311 $46,349 $25,902 $75,194 TOTAL $51,266 $40,241 $51,266 $39,547 $44,434 $72,979 $58,594 $43,099 $64,458 Industry Title & 3‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County. C‐19 C.1.3 Average gallons of gasoline and metric tons of GHG per job for public trips, Los Angeles County Variations in average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011, and average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2008, by 4‐digit NAICS industry. Table cells with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; table cells with no employment are presented with “‐“. Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2011 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2010 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2009 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2008 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2010 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2008 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2009 Table C.1.3: Average Gallons of Gasoline and Metric Tons of GHG per Job for Public Trips Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 103.92 107.83 111.51 112.50 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.00 Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Automobile Dealers (4411) 364.81 376.63 384.31 382.33 3.25 3.36 3.42 3.41 Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) 364.81 376.63 384.31 382.33 3.25 3.36 3.42 3.41 Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores (4413) 603.25 622.31 634.49 627.11 5.38 5.55 5.65 5.59 Furniture Stores (4421) 255.89 264.18 269.57 268.19 2.28 2.35 2.40 2.39 Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 216.88 224.44 226.95 223.42 1.93 2.00 2.02 1.99 Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) 398.26 416.35 425.70 424.40 3.55 3.71 3.79 3.78 Building Material and Supplies Dealers (4441) 477.62 490.41 495.71 491.96 4.26 4.37 4.42 4.38 Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores (4442) 382.28 394.58 402.58 400.52 3.41 3.52 3.59 3.57 1634.29 1676.18 1717.78 1734.65 14.56 14.94 15.31 15.46 385.86 398.36 406.49 404.40 3.44 3.55 3.62 3.60 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) 385.86 398.36 406.49 404.40 3.44 3.55 3.62 3.60 Health and Personal Care Stores (4461) 757.27 781.83 784.03 771.77 6.75 6.97 6.99 6.88 2800.41 2880.27 2930.92 2911.43 24.96 25.67 26.12 25.94 Clothing Stores (4481) 387.17 399.71 407.86 405.76 3.45 3.56 3.63 3.62 Shoe Stores (4482) 387.17 399.71 407.86 405.76 3.45 3.56 3.63 3.62 Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores (4483) 387.17 399.71 407.86 405.76 3.45 3.56 3.63 3.62 Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instr. Stores (4511) 396.73 408.00 417.90 415.59 3.54 3.64 3.72 3.70 Grocery Stores (4451) Specialty Food Stores (4452) Gasoline Stations (4471) Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) 1542.28 1681.49 1772.06 1783.29 13.74 14.98 15.79 15.89 Department Stores (4521) 475.89 494.04 503.77 500.98 4.24 4.40 4.49 4.46 Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) 654.89 678.29 691.58 688.56 5.84 6.04 6.16 6.14 Florists (4531) 330.74 341.45 348.42 346.63 2.95 3.04 3.10 3.09 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores (4532) 314.52 324.08 329.98 328.06 2.80 2.89 2.94 2.92 C‐20 348.42 346.63 2.95 3.04 3.10 3.09 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) 337.39 347.29 356.93 354.41 3.01 3.09 3.18 3.16 Direct Selling Establishments (4543) 298.65 306.10 307.53 302.13 2.66 2.73 2.74 2.69 Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) 232.41 239.72 244.62 243.32 2.07 2.14 2.18 2.17 Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) 231.92 239.21 243.80 241.30 2.07 2.13 2.17 2.15 Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transp. (4831) 52.48 55.18 56.54 56.36 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.50 Inland Water Transportation (4832) 44.81 43.08 44.47 41.55 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.37 Urban Transit Systems (4851) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation (4852) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63 Charter Bus Industry (4855) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land (4871) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water (4872) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other (4879) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63 9.66 9.51 10.06 10.21 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 Postal Service (4911) 418.90 432.47 441.29 439.02 3.73 3.85 3.93 3.91 Couriers and Express Delivery Services (4921) 401.42 414.42 422.87 420.70 3.58 3.69 3.77 3.75 Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) 401.42 414.42 422.87 420.70 3.58 3.69 3.77 3.75 Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) 52.27 58.02 58.42 52.53 0.47 0.52 0.52 0.47 Support Activities for Air Transportation (4881) Other Information Services (5191) Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 341.45 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2010 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2010 330.74 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2009 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2009 Used Merchandise Stores (4533) Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2008 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2008 Table C.1.3: Average Gallons of Gasoline and Metric Tons of GHG per Job for Public Trips 296.59 304.43 292.60 286.01 2.64 2.71 2.61 2.55 1192.56 1248.22 1275.00 1268.28 10.63 11.12 11.36 11.30 327.09 318.05 320.80 316.49 2.91 2.83 2.86 2.82 Activities Related to Credit Intermediation (5223) 16.12 16.60 16.53 16.99 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage (5231) 17.90 17.89 18.23 18.21 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) 28.51 29.37 29.92 29.86 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.27 Insurance Carriers (5241) 28.34 29.39 30.02 29.75 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.27 Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities (5242) 23.85 24.61 25.02 25.05 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds (5251) 28.72 29.65 30.26 30.10 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 7.14 7.75 7.78 8.34 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 24.72 25.82 26.49 26.16 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.23 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers (5312) 34.46 35.58 36.31 36.12 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32 Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) 21.87 22.78 23.51 23.42 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing (5321) 323.34 334.33 341.53 336.79 2.88 2.98 3.04 3.00 Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 668.11 687.94 657.46 649.67 5.95 6.13 5.86 5.79 Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) C‐21 420.70 3.58 3.69 3.77 3.75 Legal Services (5411) 28.14 29.28 29.89 29.70 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.26 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services (5412) 19.30 20.49 20.85 19.58 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.17 Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services (5413) 25.73 26.44 27.02 26.99 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 Specialized Design Services (5414) Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (5419) Employment Services (5613) Business Support Services (5614) Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 422.87 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2010 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2010 414.42 General Rental Centers (5323) Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2009 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2009 401.42 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2008 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2008 Table C.1.3: Average Gallons of Gasoline and Metric Tons of GHG per Job for Public Trips 6.28 6.11 5.74 5.57 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 123.62 131.30 127.63 129.78 1.10 1.17 1.14 1.16 25.21 25.33 26.28 26.04 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 237.93 241.63 243.88 260.74 2.12 2.15 2.17 2.32 Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services (5615) 28.72 29.65 30.26 30.10 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 Investigation and Security Services (5616) 26.61 26.79 28.37 25.39 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.23 Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) 7.04 7.52 7.95 7.75 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) 152.51 156.99 164.19 166.39 1.36 1.40 1.46 1.48 Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) 144.31 148.98 152.02 151.24 1.29 1.33 1.35 1.35 Junior Colleges (6112) 148.92 153.74 156.88 156.07 1.33 1.37 1.40 1.39 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (6113) 85.88 88.66 90.47 90.00 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.80 Business Schools and Computer and Mgmt Training (6114) 193.65 199.92 204.00 202.95 1.73 1.78 1.82 1.81 Technical and Trade Schools (6115) 193.65 199.92 204.00 202.95 1.73 1.78 1.82 1.81 Other Schools and Instruction (6116) 209.10 216.65 221.15 219.79 1.86 1.93 1.97 1.96 Educational Support Services (6117) 28.72 29.65 30.26 30.10 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 Offices of Physicians (6211) 226.25 233.58 238.35 237.12 2.02 2.08 2.12 2.11 Offices of Dentists (6212) 226.25 233.58 238.35 237.12 2.02 2.08 2.12 2.11 Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 271.50 280.30 286.02 284.54 2.42 2.50 2.55 2.54 Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 268.55 277.06 283.27 281.98 2.39 2.47 2.52 2.51 Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) 226.25 233.58 238.35 237.12 2.02 2.08 2.12 2.11 Other Ambulatory Health Care Services (6219) 10.47 8.97 12.71 12.71 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.11 General Medical and Surgical Hospitals (6221) 120.74 124.65 127.19 126.54 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.13 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals (6222) 120.74 124.65 127.19 126.54 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.13 Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals (6223) 120.74 124.65 127.19 126.54 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.13 Nursing Care Facilities (6231) 113.03 116.69 119.07 118.46 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.06 Residential Mental Retardation, Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities (6232) 113.03 116.69 119.07 118.46 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.06 Community Care Facilities for the Elderly (6233) 67.82 70.02 71.44 71.08 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.63 Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) 67.82 70.02 71.44 71.08 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.63 Individual and Family Services (6241) 44.62 46.07 47.01 46.76 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 C‐22 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2011 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2010 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2009 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2008 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2010 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2008 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2009 Table C.1.3: Average Gallons of Gasoline and Metric Tons of GHG per Job for Public Trips Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services (6242) 53.10 54.85 56.21 56.06 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.50 Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) 44.62 46.07 47.01 46.76 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 Child Day Care Services (6244) 256.58 264.89 270.30 268.91 2.29 2.36 2.41 2.40 Performing Arts Companies (7111) 123.26 127.26 129.85 129.18 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.15 Spectator Sports (7112) 123.26 127.26 129.85 129.18 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.15 Promoters of Perf. Arts, Sports, and Similar Events (7113) 69.32 76.82 76.55 77.29 0.62 0.68 0.68 0.69 Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (7121) 97.42 101.13 105.30 104.76 0.87 0.90 0.94 0.93 Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) 216.81 222.35 227.79 226.03 1.93 1.98 2.03 2.01 Gambling Industries (7132) 656.34 677.60 691.43 687.87 5.85 6.04 6.16 6.13 Other Amusement and Recreation Industries (7139) 308.02 317.99 322.14 319.99 2.74 2.83 2.87 2.85 Traveler Accommodation (7211) 250.48 258.17 262.82 261.31 2.23 2.30 2.34 2.33 RV Parks and Recreational Camps (7212) 221.06 228.22 232.88 231.68 1.97 2.03 2.08 2.06 Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 403.84 416.92 425.42 ‐ 3.60 3.72 3.79 ‐ 2823.18 2964.53 2832.90 ‐ 25.16 26.42 25.24 ‐ Special Food Services (7223) 446.83 455.97 500.66 485.56 3.98 4.06 4.46 4.33 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) 479.06 494.57 504.67 502.07 4.27 4.41 4.50 4.47 Other Restaurants and Eating Places (7225) 1534.28 1590.04 1631.36 1599.42 13.67 14.17 14.54 14.25 Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) 456.39 472.92 476.04 471.15 4.07 4.21 4.24 4.20 Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) Electronic, Precision Equipment Repair and Maint. (8112) 275.62 284.55 290.35 288.86 2.46 2.54 2.59 2.57 Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maint. (8114) 275.62 284.55 290.35 288.86 2.46 2.54 2.59 2.57 Personal Care Services (8121) 237.09 250.41 258.41 260.47 2.11 2.23 2.30 2.32 Death Care Services (8122) 470.55 487.56 500.20 492.75 4.19 4.34 4.46 4.39 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 174.03 182.48 186.37 194.35 1.55 1.63 1.66 1.73 Other Personal Services (8129) 63.00 63.29 67.70 71.00 0.56 0.56 0.60 0.63 Religious Organizations (8131) 161.83 167.07 170.48 169.60 1.44 1.49 1.52 1.51 Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) 22.75 23.77 24.04 23.47 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.21 Social Advocacy Organizations (8133) 28.72 29.65 30.26 30.10 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 Civic and Social Organizations (8134) 578.10 596.83 609.01 605.87 5.15 5.32 5.43 5.40 Business, Prof., Labor, Political, and Similar Orgs. (8139) 466.97 477.82 489.37 489.58 4.16 4.26 4.36 4.36 Executive, Legislative, and Other Gen. Gov’t Support (9211) 157.19 161.02 163.21 162.28 1.40 1.43 1.45 1.45 Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (9221) 173.20 178.98 182.67 181.86 1.54 1.59 1.63 1.62 Administration of Human Resource Programs (9231) 180.09 185.92 189.71 188.74 1.60 1.66 1.69 1.68 Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (9241) 104.61 111.42 114.82 115.90 0.93 0.99 1.02 1.03 C‐23 124.52 1.07 1.09 1.10 1.11 Administration of Economic Program (9261) 98.31 106.42 122.57 104.02 0.88 0.95 1.09 0.93 National Security and International Affairs (9281) 33.56 34.37 33.31 32.26 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.29 Unclassified (9999) 201.73 208.27 212.52 211.42 1.80 1.86 1.89 1.88 TOTAL 257.63 272.91 278.33 279.69 2.30 2.43 2.48 2.49 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 123.62 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2010 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2010 122.51 Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (9251) Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2009 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2009 120.27 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average metric tons of GHG per job from public trips 2008 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2008 Table C.1.3: Average Gallons of Gasoline and Metric Tons of GHG per Job for Public Trips Source: Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. Industries with no data for Los Angeles County are omitted. C‐24 C.1.4 Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons GHG per Job, LA County Variations in life cycle terajoules per job and Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job, 2008‐2011, by 4‐digit NAICS industry, for Los Angeles County. Table cells with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; table cells with no employment are presented with “‐“. Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County Oilseed and Grain Farming (1111) 1.26 0.93 0.43 0.63 292.89 215.86 100.43 146.39 Vegetable and Melon Farming (1112) 1.48 1.92 1.71 1.98 152.61 197.65 176.25 203.90 Fruit and Tree Nut Farming (1113) 0.68 1.55 1.38 1.53 69.98 158.44 141.35 156.46 Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production (1114) 0.82 1.16 1.23 1.34 68.32 97.03 102.71 112.09 Other Crop Farming (1119) 1.97 2.24 1.82 1.42 286.16 326.14 264.42 206.89 Cattle Ranching and Farming (1121) 0.42 0.27 0.15 0.14 117.68 74.60 42.66 38.45 Poultry and Egg Production (1123) 2.62 2.20 1.12 1.13 320.80 269.29 136.48 138.19 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Aquaculture (1125) 0.17 0.12 0.06 0.06 41.87 29.75 14.45 14.66 Other Animal Production (1129) 0.17 0.12 0.06 0.06 41.87 29.74 14.45 14.66 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Logging (1133) 0.82 0.56 0.73 0.53 87.04 59.69 77.74 56.58 Fishing (1141) 0.21 0.28 0.11 0.14 15.50 20.10 8.00 10.03 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 0.77 0.91 0.57 0.52 109.83 130.60 82.17 74.11 Support Activities for Animal Production (1152) 0.60 0.67 0.55 0.51 86.70 95.83 79.29 73.92 Support Activities for Forestry (1153) 0.60 0.67 0.55 0.52 86.70 95.83 79.28 73.93 Oil and Gas Extraction (2111) 8.18 6.04 5.76 4.75 1123.00 828.93 790.60 651.47 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products (1132) Hunting and Trapping (1142) Support Activities for Crop Production (1151) Coal Mining (2121) Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying (2123) 3.48 1.55 4.00 2.74 236.43 104.97 272.25 186.27 Support Activities for Mining (2131) 6.01 7.09 4.68 2.45 514.74 608.62 401.07 209.78 211.91 111.66 149.76 181.55 17888.66 9425.88 12642.27 15325.50 Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 64.18 57.45 53.60 51.54 6869.99 6149.63 5737.53 5517.05 Water, Sewage and Other Systems (2213) 10.04 11.38 20.05 10.45 961.29 1089.18 1918.38 1000.29 Residential Building Construction (2361) 0.87 1.51 1.26 1.56 64.76 111.60 93.63 115.20 Nonresidential Building Construction (2362) 0.81 0.87 0.83 0.85 57.05 61.11 58.68 59.88 Utility System Construction (2371) 0.80 0.94 0.95 0.94 59.52 69.87 70.51 69.93 Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (2211) C‐25 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County Land Subdivision (2372) 0.80 0.94 0.95 0.94 59.52 69.87 70.51 69.93 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction (2373) 0.80 0.94 0.95 0.94 59.52 69.87 70.51 69.93 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.94 68.85 69.39 70.54 69.88 0.81 0.86 0.83 0.85 57.06 60.91 58.52 59.78 Building Equipment Contractors (2382) 0.84 0.90 0.86 0.89 59.39 63.77 60.70 62.52 Building Finishing Contractors (2383) 0.84 0.90 0.86 0.89 59.39 63.77 60.70 62.52 Other Specialty Trade Contractors (2389) 0.80 0.94 0.95 0.94 59.52 69.87 70.51 69.93 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (2379) Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors (2381) Animal Food Manufacturing (3111) 13.31 12.22 17.22 12.40 1619.19 1477.38 2073.86 1481.18 Grain and Oilseed Milling (3112) 21.82 22.05 27.13 21.19 2720.22 2757.95 3381.83 2591.25 6.30 6.16 6.81 7.63 454.35 444.03 491.20 550.12 6.34 5.39 6.17 6.64 575.07 498.65 576.97 629.01 Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing (3113) Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing (3114) Dairy Product Manufacturing (3115) 16.11 15.09 13.54 14.07 2470.85 2325.00 2075.11 2168.08 Animal Slaughtering and Processing (3116) 6.67 4.86 5.45 3.10 1677.91 1217.08 1351.78 748.49 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging (3117) 4.77 4.00 4.41 3.53 403.23 338.61 372.54 298.87 Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) 2.26 1.87 2.32 1.85 191.15 158.14 196.37 156.47 Other Food Manufacturing (3119) 6.09 5.00 6.07 4.78 518.99 426.35 514.84 405.19 13.05 9.50 11.83 9.41 892.83 646.19 801.57 637.87 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills (3131) 2.62 4.12 3.63 3.87 184.57 289.96 255.97 272.62 Fabric Mills (3132) 2.53 2.31 2.45 2.48 162.92 147.26 156.86 158.77 Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills (3133) 2.27 2.13 2.68 2.53 146.64 137.40 172.87 163.33 Textile Furnishings Mills (3141) 2.00 1.80 2.06 1.89 128.37 115.72 132.98 121.98 Other Textile Product Mills (3149) 1.18 1.21 1.33 1.35 76.22 78.28 85.91 87.38 Apparel Knitting Mills (3151) 1.15 1.57 1.26 1.53 75.13 102.25 82.24 99.42 Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing (3152) 0.58 0.48 0.57 0.60 37.87 31.02 37.24 38.77 Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing (3159) 1.56 1.72 1.79 3.63 115.16 126.83 131.52 267.78 Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing (3161) 4.18 7.90 1.26 5.45 749.96 1417.88 225.55 978.28 Footwear Manufacturing (3162) 0.97 1.38 1.21 1.10 86.32 123.59 108.33 98.38 Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (3169) 1.14 1.27 1.24 1.38 116.22 128.78 126.69 140.78 Sawmills and Wood Preservation (3211) 2.00 1.61 1.76 1.83 111.26 89.76 97.99 102.13 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing (3212) 1.36 1.41 1.82 2.24 62.43 63.15 82.55 100.15 Other Wood Product Manufacturing (3219) 1.16 1.22 1.16 1.20 65.21 68.82 65.49 67.64 Beverage Manufacturing (3121) Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) C‐26 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (3221) Converted Paper Product Manufacturing (3222) Printing and Related Support Activities (3231) Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County 14.39 14.16 21.03 25.86 537.10 532.05 786.80 987.61 7.61 7.68 8.23 6.80 322.97 325.98 349.28 288.33 1.68 1.67 1.53 0.87 86.85 86.16 79.30 45.13 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (3241) 44.70 43.63 43.18 44.70 3900.90 3821.73 3777.25 3915.05 Basic Chemical Manufacturing (3251) 19.13 22.42 16.09 19.25 1610.54 1841.14 1372.50 1607.69 29.21 33.51 23.69 31.91 1748.73 2004.16 1416.31 1908.10 14.52 15.37 12.18 13.41 1503.58 1567.92 1256.09 1348.10 Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing (3252) Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing (3253) Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (3254) 2.72 2.54 2.34 2.23 170.65 158.73 146.31 139.64 Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing (3255) 6.12 7.48 5.69 6.74 403.79 494.20 375.82 444.84 5.00 5.00 4.97 4.93 322.87 322.82 320.67 318.74 4.64 5.57 4.72 6.78 311.47 373.69 315.04 450.39 Plastics Product Manufacturing (3261) 2.97 2.83 3.22 3.26 179.23 170.33 193.91 196.79 Rubber Product Manufacturing (3262) 2.16 1.74 2.18 2.36 136.12 109.67 137.84 148.89 Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing (3271) 1.82 1.83 2.16 2.72 117.05 117.66 138.91 174.76 Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing (3272) 3.87 3.34 4.31 2.96 221.68 192.23 248.39 171.06 Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing (3256) Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing (3259) Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing (3273) 6.71 6.19 7.13 7.29 770.59 709.94 818.70 837.69 11.81 11.56 11.74 11.82 1405.50 1376.37 1397.58 1406.42 2.66 2.53 3.12 3.05 250.65 238.21 290.32 283.05 14.82 18.81 15.81 15.57 1252.55 1590.13 1336.66 1316.31 8.82 11.25 10.43 11.88 710.49 906.01 839.84 956.99 8.24 9.99 11.25 9.18 540.55 655.17 733.01 607.91 5.32 8.11 8.08 10.28 402.63 620.40 620.71 825.28 Foundries (3315) 2.14 2.29 2.78 2.11 139.24 148.61 180.47 137.71 Forging and Stamping (3321) 4.83 4.47 4.90 5.67 353.63 327.91 358.52 414.30 Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing (3322) 1.78 1.76 2.10 1.67 125.19 124.15 147.51 117.46 2.41 2.38 2.46 2.14 176.75 174.24 180.27 156.19 6.27 6.40 7.52 5.97 440.99 450.52 528.53 419.99 Hardware Manufacturing (3325) 1.73 1.75 2.26 2.19 120.04 120.97 156.45 151.79 Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing (3326) 1.38 1.45 1.62 1.39 100.49 105.79 118.35 101.22 1.54 1.41 1.47 1.45 107.49 98.32 102.92 100.89 2.54 2.51 2.67 2.63 174.17 172.59 183.53 180.65 Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing (3274) Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (3279) Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing (3311) Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel (3312) Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing (3313) Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing (3314) Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing (3323) Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing (3324) Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing (3327) Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities (3328) C‐27 Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (3329) Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing (3331) Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County 2.68 2.72 2.88 3.13 181.15 184.02 194.25 210.73 2.68 3.32 3.39 3.06 184.37 228.30 233.32 210.23 1.67 1.57 1.69 1.82 117.40 110.22 118.60 127.99 2.31 2.83 2.95 2.94 154.30 189.37 196.96 196.47 1.44 1.66 2.02 1.74 98.12 113.51 137.93 119.12 1.01 1.09 1.12 0.97 70.18 75.79 78.11 67.75 2.74 3.07 3.36 3.16 186.58 209.47 229.70 215.89 1.89 2.14 2.34 2.08 130.19 146.78 160.91 142.76 1.39 1.67 2.36 3.12 92.69 111.33 156.75 207.26 Communications Equipment Manufacturing (3342) 1.22 1.37 1.38 1.56 81.34 91.03 91.70 104.44 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing (3343) 3.13 4.03 3.63 4.91 204.06 262.33 236.27 319.74 0.91 0.82 0.68 0.61 65.44 59.94 51.16 46.41 1.25 1.33 1.28 1.37 81.03 86.30 83.02 88.96 1.47 2.09 2.32 2.84 83.35 117.71 131.52 161.21 1.21 1.19 1.19 1.16 78.74 77.56 77.43 75.51 Household Appliance Manufacturing (3352) 2.07 2.19 2.53 2.28 138.85 146.51 169.67 152.30 Electrical Equipment Manufacturing (3353) 1.41 1.44 1.50 1.26 95.92 98.29 102.20 85.46 Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing (3359) 2.42 2.41 2.20 2.31 161.19 160.30 146.50 154.28 12.42 6.54 11.52 3.54 839.79 442.15 778.73 239.09 2.26 2.70 2.42 3.03 152.87 182.30 163.60 204.90 Industrial Machinery Manufacturing (3332) Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing (3333) Ventilation, Heating, Air‐Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing (3334) Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing (3335) Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing (3336) Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing (3339) Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing (3341) Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing (3344) Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing (3345) Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media (3346) Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing (3351) Motor Vehicle Manufacturing (3361) Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing (3362) Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing (3363) 1.66 1.82 1.75 2.16 115.32 126.26 121.65 149.93 Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing (3364) 2.13 1.56 1.64 1.89 141.42 103.51 108.55 125.51 Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing (3365) 1.16 1.48 1.31 1.71 79.63 101.15 89.72 117.10 Ship and Boat Building (3366) 1.00 0.74 0.79 1.06 65.12 48.44 52.03 69.87 2.46 2.55 2.40 2.60 166.11 171.91 161.83 175.49 0.87 0.71 0.74 0.70 54.12 43.76 46.08 43.26 1.26 1.26 1.18 1.27 84.46 83.73 78.89 84.66 1.23 0.98 1.04 0.95 78.52 62.79 66.33 60.71 0.75 0.90 0.93 0.85 51.66 61.76 63.41 57.95 Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (3369) Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing (3371) Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing (3372) Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing (3379) Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing (3391) C‐28 Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing (3399) Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County 1.28 1.29 1.31 1.32 80.35 81.74 84.01 83.64 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78 Automobile Dealers (4411) 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 19.94 20.05 20.83 20.32 Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 19.94 20.05 20.83 20.32 Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores (4413) 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 19.94 20.05 20.83 20.32 Furniture Stores (4421) 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.23 20.03 21.14 20.98 14.87 Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.23 20.03 21.14 20.98 14.87 Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) 0.32 0.31 0.43 0.35 20.87 20.14 27.57 22.79 Building Material and Supplies Dealers (4441) 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.25 20.16 19.41 19.63 16.01 Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores (4442) 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.25 20.16 19.41 19.63 16.01 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4231) Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers (4232) Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers (4233) Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4234) Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers (4235) Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4236) Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4237) Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4238) Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4239) Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers (4241) Drugs and Druggistsʹ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers (4242) Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers (4243) Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers (4244) Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers (4245) Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers (4246) Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (4247) Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers (4248) Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4249) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (4251) C‐29 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County Grocery Stores (4451) 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 19.76 19.94 19.42 19.30 Specialty Food Stores (4452) 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 19.76 19.94 19.42 19.30 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 19.76 19.94 19.42 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (4461) 0.36 0.34 0.35 0.32 22.96 22.03 22.70 20.82 Gasoline Stations (4471) 0.72 0.61 0.64 0.81 46.04 38.93 41.43 52.34 Clothing Stores (4481) 0.29 0.27 0.21 0.20 18.54 17.38 13.32 13.07 Shoe Stores (4482) 0.29 0.27 0.21 0.20 18.54 17.38 13.32 13.07 Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores (4483) 0.29 0.27 0.21 0.20 18.54 17.38 13.32 13.07 Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores (4511) 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.16 13.74 14.07 13.75 10.29 Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.16 13.74 14.07 13.75 10.29 Department Stores (4521) 0.17 0.22 0.23 0.22 11.19 13.97 15.11 14.09 Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) 0.17 0.22 0.23 0.22 11.19 13.97 15.11 14.09 Florists (4531) 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 11.44 10.88 13.52 13.60 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores (4532) 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 11.44 10.88 13.52 13.60 Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 11.44 10.88 13.52 13.60 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 11.44 10.88 13.52 13.60 Electronic Shopping and Mail‐Order Houses (4541) 0.27 0.28 0.19 0.41 17.46 18.24 12.47 26.16 Vending Machine Operators (4542) 0.27 0.28 0.19 0.41 17.46 18.24 12.47 26.16 Direct Selling Establishments (4543) 0.27 0.28 0.19 0.41 17.46 18.24 12.47 26.16 Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) 10.35 15.46 14.59 14.11 721.64 1078.07 1017.19 983.67 Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) 10.35 15.46 14.59 14.11 721.64 1078.07 1017.19 983.67 Rail Transportation (4821) 21.99 22.37 19.93 15.47 1516.31 1542.79 1374.23 1066.67 Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation (4831) 17.66 11.59 11.44 18.27 1139.12 747.65 737.93 1178.16 Inland Water Transportation (4832) 17.66 11.59 11.44 18.27 1139.13 747.66 737.94 1178.16 1.13 0.76 0.81 1.17 84.22 56.34 60.21 87.38 General Freight Trucking (4841) Specialized Freight Trucking (4842) 1.13 0.76 0.81 1.17 84.22 56.34 60.21 87.38 Urban Transit Systems (4851) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation (4852) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84 Taxi and Limousine Service (4853) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84 School and Employee Bus Transportation (4854) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84 Charter Bus Industry (4855) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84 Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (4859) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil (4861) 43.87 75.09 36.74 43.92 3690.83 6317.63 3090.83 3695.34 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas (4862) 43.87 75.10 36.74 43.93 3690.91 6317.93 3090.90 3695.44 C‐30 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land (4871) Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Other Pipeline Transportation (4869) Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County 43.87 75.10 36.74 43.93 3690.80 6317.80 3090.86 3695.44 1.16 1.41 0.97 0.49 82.56 100.42 69.31 34.62 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water (4872) 1.31 0.64 0.52 0.23 93.54 45.69 36.91 16.10 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other (4879) 1.31 0.64 0.52 0.23 93.56 45.69 36.88 16.09 Support Activities for Air Transportation (4881) 1.42 0.85 0.73 0.28 100.81 60.79 51.80 20.30 Support Activities for Rail Transportation (4882) 0.65 0.36 0.38 0.18 46.48 25.93 26.94 13.02 Support Activities for Water Transportation (4883) 0.66 0.37 0.38 0.18 46.77 26.07 27.01 13.04 Support Activities for Road Transportation (4884) 0.65 0.36 0.38 0.18 46.48 25.93 26.94 13.02 Freight Transportation Arrangement (4885) 0.65 0.36 0.38 0.18 46.48 25.93 26.94 13.02 Other Support Activities for Transportation (4889) 0.65 0.36 0.38 0.18 46.48 25.93 26.94 13.02 Postal Service (4911) 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.22 19.53 14.35 12.97 13.85 Couriers and Express Delivery Services (4921) 0.72 0.58 0.64 0.70 51.52 41.54 45.61 50.35 Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) 0.72 0.58 0.64 0.70 51.52 41.54 45.61 50.35 Warehousing and Storage (4931) 0.73 0.63 0.67 0.72 47.60 41.10 43.78 47.21 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers (5111) 0.93 1.19 1.28 0.74 53.57 68.48 73.70 42.75 Software Publishers (5112) 0.47 0.77 0.93 0.55 29.58 48.51 58.21 34.41 Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) 0.39 0.57 0.56 0.52 24.81 36.11 35.53 33.00 Sound Recording Industries (5122) 1.85 3.10 3.27 2.23 116.19 194.69 205.51 140.24 Radio and Television Broadcasting (5151) 1.87 1.99 1.62 2.85 121.88 129.84 105.31 185.66 Cable and Other Subscription Programming (5152) 1.83 1.25 1.05 1.12 117.88 80.59 67.85 72.20 Wired Telecommunications Carriers (5171) 0.67 0.79 0.72 0.78 44.47 52.58 47.64 51.53 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) (5172) 0.67 0.79 0.72 0.78 44.47 52.58 47.64 51.53 Satellite Telecommunications (5174) 0.67 0.79 0.72 0.78 44.47 52.58 47.64 51.53 Other Telecommunications (5179) 0.67 0.79 0.72 0.78 44.47 52.58 47.64 51.53 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services (5182) 0.34 0.54 0.92 0.89 22.36 36.16 60.80 59.12 Other Information Services (5191) 1.41 0.47 1.48 0.47 94.72 31.75 99.67 31.77 Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (5211) 0.26 0.20 0.24 0.33 17.39 13.21 15.65 21.79 Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) 0.26 0.20 0.24 0.33 17.39 13.21 15.65 21.79 Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) 0.20 0.28 0.12 0.11 12.91 18.24 7.61 7.13 Activities Related to Credit Intermediation (5223) 0.20 0.28 0.12 0.11 12.91 18.24 7.61 7.13 Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage (5231) 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.18 18.57 11.18 5.81 11.80 Securities and Commodity Exchanges (5232) 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.18 18.57 11.18 5.81 11.80 Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.18 18.57 11.18 5.81 11.80 C‐31 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County Insurance Carriers (5241) 0.25 0.35 0.33 0.28 15.44 21.50 20.56 17.28 Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities (5242) 0.21 0.22 0.20 0.20 13.97 14.44 12.89 13.23 Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds (5251) 0.25 0.72 0.81 0.36 16.59 47.60 53.54 23.97 Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) 0.25 0.72 0.81 0.36 16.59 47.60 53.54 23.97 Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 0.61 0.56 0.60 0.49 43.70 39.93 43.42 35.08 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers (5312) 0.61 0.56 0.60 0.49 43.70 39.93 43.42 35.08 Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) 0.61 0.56 0.60 0.49 43.70 39.93 43.42 35.08 Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing (5321) 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 4.86 5.58 5.14 5.70 Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.10 5.51 6.99 4.83 6.25 General Rental Centers (5323) 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.05 3.53 4.46 3.05 3.40 0.17 0.19 0.14 0.15 14.08 15.75 11.71 12.59 2.29 4.91 4.60 4.80 141.58 303.82 284.28 296.60 0.21 0.25 0.24 0.25 13.89 16.35 15.48 16.10 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.19 9.61 9.09 11.65 12.56 0.31 0.31 0.38 0.37 21.41 21.45 26.10 25.32 0.27 0.27 0.35 0.28 17.24 17.07 22.01 18.10 0.28 0.24 0.27 0.30 20.18 17.19 19.16 21.88 0.21 0.16 0.18 0.17 14.12 10.95 11.87 11.64 0.63 0.62 0.73 0.84 44.17 43.60 51.31 59.54 1.35 1.42 1.64 2.06 78.06 82.52 95.06 119.46 0.41 0.27 0.36 0.38 26.81 17.39 23.81 24.62 Management of Companies and Enterprises (5511) 0.53 0.42 0.37 0.40 33.74 26.71 23.54 25.66 Office Administrative Services (5611) 0.38 0.26 0.22 0.21 24.63 16.92 14.58 13.72 Facilities Support Services (5612) 0.25 0.31 0.29 0.42 19.20 23.64 21.72 31.69 Employment Services (5613) 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 2.66 2.88 2.27 2.82 Business Support Services (5614) 0.23 0.16 0.13 0.16 14.49 10.01 8.46 10.25 Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services (5615) 0.56 0.37 0.44 0.56 35.65 23.62 28.21 35.69 Investigation and Security Services (5616) 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 6.03 5.31 4.48 4.99 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing (5324) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (5331) Legal Services (5411) Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services (5412) Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services (5413) Specialized Design Services (5414) Computer Systems Design and Related Services (5415) Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services (5416) Scientific Research and Development Services (5417) Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services (5418) Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (5419) Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) 0.34 0.34 0.29 0.30 26.78 26.52 23.17 24.01 Other Support Services (5619) 0.53 0.36 0.29 0.38 34.01 22.67 18.35 23.96 Waste Collection (5621) 0.84 0.89 0.87 1.00 407.44 431.69 420.22 485.13 Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) 0.84 0.89 0.87 1.00 407.44 431.69 420.22 485.13 C‐32 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County Remediation and Other Waste Management Services (5629) 0.84 0.89 0.87 1.00 407.44 431.69 420.23 485.13 Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) 0.36 0.43 0.30 0.28 24.13 29.22 20.29 18.67 Junior Colleges (6112) 1.02 1.00 1.23 1.13 69.77 68.28 84.59 77.38 1.02 1.00 1.23 1.13 69.77 68.28 84.59 77.38 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.11 8.48 8.51 6.59 7.34 Technical and Trade Schools (6115) 0.15 0.17 0.14 0.17 9.92 11.28 9.20 11.50 Other Schools and Instruction (6116) 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.11 8.48 8.51 6.59 7.34 Educational Support Services (6117) 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.11 8.48 8.51 6.59 7.34 Offices of Physicians (6211) 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.22 17.49 15.41 14.69 14.80 Offices of Dentists (6212) 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.22 17.49 15.41 14.69 14.80 Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.22 17.49 15.41 14.69 14.80 Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 0.55 0.42 0.43 0.48 37.33 28.38 29.17 32.76 Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) 0.55 0.42 0.43 0.48 37.33 28.38 29.17 32.76 Home Health Care Services (6216) 0.24 0.20 0.18 0.16 16.78 14.39 12.57 11.55 Other Ambulatory Health Care Services (6219) 0.55 0.42 0.43 0.48 37.33 28.38 29.17 32.76 General Medical and Surgical Hospitals (6221) 0.70 0.79 0.72 0.68 50.27 57.01 52.42 49.53 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals (6222) 0.70 0.79 0.72 0.68 50.27 57.01 52.42 49.53 Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals (6223) 0.70 0.79 0.72 0.68 50.27 57.01 52.42 49.53 Nursing Care Facilities (6231) 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.22 15.33 17.73 16.68 15.97 Residential Mental Retardation, Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities (6232) 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.22 15.33 17.73 16.68 15.97 Community Care Facilities for the Elderly (6233) 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.22 15.33 17.73 16.68 15.97 Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.22 15.33 17.73 16.68 15.97 Individual and Family Services (6241) 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 9.69 9.24 9.24 9.85 Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services (6242) 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.14 7.11 9.29 9.63 10.13 Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.14 7.11 9.29 9.63 10.13 Child Day Care Services (6244) 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.13 13.25 11.83 11.87 9.35 Performing Arts Companies (7111) 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.17 12.49 8.93 9.02 10.84 Spectator Sports (7112) 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.11 8.58 7.80 7.02 7.75 0.39 0.41 0.33 0.35 24.89 26.11 20.75 22.31 0.39 0.41 0.33 0.35 24.89 26.11 20.75 22.31 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers (7115) 0.32 0.32 0.27 0.32 20.77 20.68 17.59 20.93 Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (7121) 1.78 1.44 1.23 1.50 116.18 94.01 80.32 98.44 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (6113) Business Schools and Computer and Management Training (6114) Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events (7113) Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures (7114) C‐33 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) 0.65 0.55 0.49 0.53 47.39 39.95 35.69 38.70 Gambling Industries (7132) 0.65 0.55 0.49 0.53 47.39 39.95 35.69 38.70 Other Amusement and Recreation Industries (7139) 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.34 25.45 22.37 21.24 23.13 Traveler Accommodation (7211) 0.55 0.56 0.51 0.52 34.73 35.41 32.35 33.07 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps (7212) 0.64 0.57 0.66 0.69 47.02 41.69 48.22 50.53 Rooming and Boarding Houses (7213) 0.38 0.35 0.41 0.41 28.14 25.43 30.02 29.75 Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 27.22 26.64 26.02 26.02 Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 27.22 26.64 26.02 26.02 Special Food Services (7223) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 27.22 26.64 26.02 25.28 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 27.22 26.64 26.02 25.28 Other Restaurants and Eating Places (7225) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 27.22 26.64 26.02 25.28 Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) 0.41 0.37 0.35 0.37 27.91 25.15 24.16 25.28 0.40 0.34 0.33 0.48 27.34 23.25 22.42 32.69 0.56 0.45 0.41 0.51 38.25 30.67 28.38 35.21 0.63 0.66 0.35 0.70 43.48 45.94 24.01 48.54 Personal Care Services (8121) 0.19 0.23 0.20 0.27 12.83 14.96 13.06 18.07 Death Care Services (8122) 0.58 0.93 0.80 1.09 38.03 60.84 52.41 71.29 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 0.22 0.25 0.23 0.26 14.33 16.51 15.19 16.75 Other Personal Services (8129) 0.46 0.42 0.27 0.38 30.80 28.10 17.87 25.45 Religious Organizations (8131) 0.34 0.16 0.18 0.40 23.29 11.24 12.34 27.62 Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) 0.17 0.43 0.43 0.39 11.30 28.44 28.37 25.57 Social Advocacy Organizations (8133) 0.17 0.43 0.43 0.39 11.30 28.44 28.37 25.57 Civic and Social Organizations (8134) 0.34 0.62 0.59 0.59 22.90 41.80 40.00 39.78 Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations (8139) 0.34 0.62 0.59 0.59 22.90 41.80 40.00 39.78 Private Households (8141) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (9211) 1.21 1.14 1.18 1.26 94.40 89.06 92.30 98.38 Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (9221) 1.72 1.61 1.36 2.57 134.20 125.94 106.55 200.71 Administration of Human Resource Programs (9231) 1.44 1.30 1.09 1.44 112.66 101.60 85.04 112.82 0.81 0.74 0.75 0.78 62.24 57.50 57.78 60.41 1.21 1.14 1.18 1.26 94.40 89.06 92.30 98.38 0.63 0.62 0.75 0.85 48.36 47.87 58.25 64.68 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance (8112) Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance (8113) Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance (8114) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (9241) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (9251) Administration of Economic Program (9261) Space Research and Technology (9271) C‐34 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2011 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2010 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2009 Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job 2008 Life cycle terajoules per job 2011 Life cycle terajoules per job 2010 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per job 2009 Life cycle terajoules per job 2008 Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County National Security and International Affairs (9281) 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 4.90 4.96 4.39 5.03 Unclassified (9999) 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.75 55.01 55.24 55.18 54.23 TOTAL 1.66 1.36 1.54 1.67 134.88 109.08 124.27 135.05 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database and IMPLAN data for Los Angeles County; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, which provides life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions factors for each industry. C‐35 C.2.1 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County, by 4‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Oilseed and Grain Farming (1111) Vegetable and Melon Farming (1112) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County (s) 392 ‐48% $26,393 0.09 7.70 0.00 27.85 Fruit and Tree Nut Farming (1113) 1,095 127% $24,953 0.53 42.88 0.00 141.75 Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production (1114) 2,501 ‐37% $27,081 0.08 3.60 0.00 13.60 Other Crop Farming (1119) 307 ‐32% $26,841 0.05 10.20 0.00 24.24 Cattle Ranching and Farming (1121) 106 117% $43,279 0.14 78.73 0.00 (r) Poultry and Egg Production (1123) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Aquaculture (1125) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Other Animal Production (1129) 96 4% $38,726 0.08 26.84 0.00 (r) Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products (1132) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Logging (1133) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fishing (1141) 53 ‐83% $98,243 0.44 8.55 0.00 (r) Hunting and Trapping (1142) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 628 19% $33,728 0.01 0.09 0.00 10.53 434 7% $25,992 0.01 0.07 0.00 18.79 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Support Activities for Crop Production (1151) Support Activities for Animal Production (1152) Support Activities for Forestry (1153) Oil and Gas Extraction (2111) 2,167 ‐26% $223,146 1.02 128.02 0.00 153.41 Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 376 ‐25% $73,211 0.84 1.90 0.00 82.69 1,700 129% $88,622 0.58 0.02 0.00 147.80 16,560 8% $109,316 45.41 799.06 0.00 8507.50 Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 5,043 ‐3% $83,114 0.30 167.97 0.00 2352.64 Water, Sewage and Other Systems (2213) 7,641 ‐2% $80,467 0.39 66.51 0.00 291.97 Residential Building Construction (2361) 16,032 14% $46,134 0.15 0.03 0.00 45.30 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying (2123) Support Activities for Mining (2131) Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (2211) C‐36 Nonresidential Building Construction (2362) 0.09 0.02 0.00 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 10,447 ‐7% Utility System Construction (2371) 5,757 43% $83,012 0.03 0.01 0.00 6.97 Land Subdivision (2372) 1,711 ‐8% $80,251 0.17 0.04 0.00 35.29 4,543 8% $71,981 0.11 0.02 0.00 24.09 1,188 ‐84% $77,175 0.08 0.02 0.00 16.23 132 ‐98% $46,205 10.01 2.28 0.00 1887.56 Building Equipment Contractors (2382) 365 ‐98% $53,755 9.86 2.25 0.00 1853.44 Building Finishing Contractors (2383) 239 ‐97% $38,418 8.75 1.99 0.00 1645.59 Other Specialty Trade Contractors (2389) 132 ‐97% $46,864 5.62 1.24 0.00 1196.47 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction (2373) Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (2379) Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors (2381) $69,698 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 17.37 Animal Food Manufacturing (3111) 946 ‐46% $73,229 0.21 5.46 0.00 390.86 Grain and Oilseed Milling (3112) 513 ‐54% $53,102 0.19 4.04 0.00 360.24 1,865 ‐9% $44,487 0.07 1.60 0.00 217.79 4,104 ‐22% $46,878 0.10 2.64 0.00 211.30 Dairy Product Manufacturing (3115) 5,082 5% $75,916 0.05 1.19 0.00 128.01 Animal Slaughtering and Processing (3116) 4,928 ‐6% $35,126 0.01 0.30 0.00 58.84 316 ‐80% $29,697 0.19 5.20 0.00 236.08 Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing (3113) Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing (3114) Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging (3117) Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) 15,620 ‐17% $33,692 0.05 1.22 112.50 53.51 Other Food Manufacturing (3119) 6,167 90% $45,478 0.04 1.05 0.00 77.47 Beverage Manufacturing (3121) 5,012 34% $60,697 0.18 4.58 0.00 286.93 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 243 ‐29% $27,827 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.25 Fabric Mills (3132) 1,484 ‐63% $35,636 0.12 3.47 0.00 51.82 Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills (3133) 5,253 ‐28% $30,919 0.20 9.64 0.00 69.62 Textile Furnishings Mills (3141) 2,092 ‐64% $38,952 0.02 0.44 0.00 23.47 Other Textile Product Mills (3149) 1,874 ‐61% $34,474 0.07 0.95 0.00 38.94 Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills (3131) Apparel Knitting Mills (3151) Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing (3152) Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing (3159) Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing (3161) Footwear Manufacturing (3162) 480 ‐77% $31,527 0.01 0.03 0.00 53.60 45,300 ‐55% $32,727 0.01 0.02 0.00 21.13 1,395 ‐65% $36,641 0.03 0.16 0.00 63.32 49 ‐88% $34,373 0.02 0.07 0.00 240.37 671 ‐45% $28,426 0.01 0.03 0.00 43.53 C‐37 Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (3169) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 1,555 ‐34% $32,378 0.01 0.03 0.00 26.90 Sawmills and Wood Preservation (3211) 75 ‐43% $28,158 0.01 0.02 0.00 7.88 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing (3212) 370 ‐48% $36,359 0.01 0.07 0.00 11.14 2,720 ‐30% $31,870 0.01 0.05 0.00 20.79 270 ‐80% $41,316 0.24 2.38 0.00 47.63 7,002 ‐41% $53,821 0.05 1.19 0.00 32.30 16,014 ‐49% $42,598 0.01 0.14 0.00 13.01 4,102 ‐38% $109,659 64.38 5146.35 0.00 (r) 1,115 ‐44% $73,119 1.24 72.54 0.00 364.38 1,242 ‐31% $59,524 0.70 11.90 0.00 211.93 199 ‐45% $64,522 0.07 10.24 0.00 34.68 6,673 18% $58,238 0.10 0.77 0.00 65.20 1,801 ‐52% $62,508 0.12 2.93 0.00 132.02 6,598 ‐5% $51,458 0.24 3.79 0.00 145.44 1,394 ‐51% $75,805 0.10 1.75 0.00 82.40 Other Wood Product Manufacturing (3219) Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (3221) Converted Paper Product Manufacturing (3222) Printing and Related Support Activities (3231) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (3241) Basic Chemical Manufacturing (3251) Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing (3252) Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing (3253) Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (3254) Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing (3255) Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing (3256) Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing (3259) Plastics Product Manufacturing (3261) 11,902 ‐44% $41,783 0.03 0.19 0.00 36.57 Rubber Product Manufacturing (3262) 1,658 ‐47% $42,154 0.03 0.27 0.00 21.77 620 ‐69% $35,078 0.11 4.21 0.00 48.30 2,004 ‐49% $39,852 0.08 2.34 0.00 63.31 1,650 ‐18% $48,228 0.03 1.06 0.00 243.72 272 ‐71% $52,965 0.29 39.69 0.00 259.67 696 ‐38% $40,487 0.04 1.55 0.00 116.43 765 34% $37,560 0.12 6.98 0.00 102.37 1,190 ‐35% $58,270 0.03 0.26 0.00 164.45 Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing (3271) Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing (3272) Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing (3273) Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing (3274) Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (3279) Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing (3311) Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel (3312) C‐38 Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing (3313) Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing (3314) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 767 ‐51% $53,238 0.07 3.17 0.00 77.86 1,441 ‐34% $54,540 0.01 0.03 0.00 8.52 Foundries (3315) 3,019 ‐50% $52,348 0.01 0.08 0.00 15.50 Forging and Stamping (3321) 3,297 ‐11% $54,890 0.06 1.21 0.00 46.87 Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing (3322) 1,101 ‐30% $40,522 0.02 0.26 0.00 24.35 6,794 ‐23% $42,902 0.02 0.28 0.00 39.67 1,388 ‐50% $66,742 0.11 1.64 0.00 159.96 975 ‐65% $46,373 0.01 0.18 0.00 18.56 948 ‐43% $39,167 0.01 0.09 0.00 6.90 13,708 ‐17% $52,942 0.02 0.24 0.00 23.21 6,653 ‐37% $40,492 0.09 1.60 0.00 45.35 7,036 ‐33% $58,138 0.07 0.85 0.00 71.62 722 ‐3% $61,696 0.01 0.10 0.00 19.50 1,985 ‐26% $55,573 0.01 0.05 0.00 12.44 3,240 ‐44% $77,258 0.02 0.10 0.00 31.65 893 ‐52% $49,815 0.01 0.06 0.00 13.88 3,287 ‐48% $44,792 0.01 0.04 0.00 8.64 891 ‐29% $80,991 0.03 0.16 0.00 50.70 4,923 ‐39% $61,321 0.02 0.14 0.00 26.03 1,332 ‐69% $92,579 0.01 0.06 0.00 17.75 3,406 ‐29% $87,459 0.01 0.03 0.00 15.09 853 ‐79% $90,517 0.03 0.10 0.00 100.42 9,310 ‐33% $59,434 0.03 1.35 0.00 18.64 Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing (3323) Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing (3324) Hardware Manufacturing (3325) Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing (3326) Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing (3327) Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities (3328) Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (3329) Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing (3331) Industrial Machinery Manufacturing (3332) Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing (3333) Ventilation, Heating, Air‐Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing (3334) Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing (3335) Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing (3336) Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing (3339) Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing (3341) Communications Equipment Manufacturing (3342) Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing (3343) Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing (3344) C‐39 Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing (3345) Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media (3346) Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing (3351) Household Appliance Manufacturing (3352) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 28,941 ‐39% $103,797 0.01 0.07 0.00 26.07 1,247 ‐53% $60,895 0.05 0.23 0.00 67.57 2,505 ‐57% $47,820 0.01 0.07 0.00 19.18 808 ‐14% $40,746 0.00 0.03 0.00 10.95 Electrical Equipment Manufacturing (3353) 2,219 ‐29% $48,444 0.01 0.06 0.00 16.05 Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing (3359) 3,875 ‐8% $70,508 0.03 0.21 0.00 32.46 Motor Vehicle Manufacturing (3361) 660 ‐44% $74,881 0.05 0.66 0.00 95.81 Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing (3362) 1,497 ‐35% $42,877 0.02 0.22 0.00 27.95 Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing (3363) 4,376 ‐65% $47,028 0.01 0.13 0.00 14.66 39,324 ‐38% $95,609 0.02 0.23 0.00 16.39 Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing (3364) Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing (3365) Ship and Boat Building (3366) Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (3369) Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing (3371) Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing (3372) Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing (3379) Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing (3391) Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing (3399) Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4231) Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers (4232) Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers (4233) Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4234) Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers (4235) Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4236) 89 282% $33,652 0.00 0.05 0.00 3.64 155 ‐75% $45,021 0.01 0.18 0.00 17.81 319 ‐65% $48,262 0.03 0.35 0.00 45.87 8,707 ‐49% $32,872 0.01 0.04 0.00 12.13 2,780 ‐58% $45,830 0.02 0.12 0.00 21.60 1,669 ‐44% $34,433 0.00 0.01 0.00 5.17 8,143 1% $61,874 0.02 0.43 0.00 17.93 10,032 ‐46% $56,521 0.02 0.68 0.00 26.69 10,483 ‐21% $51,640 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.26 7,527 ‐7% $48,550 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.54 4,633 ‐7% $47,365 0.01 0.03 0.00 8.30 15,580 ‐26% $68,504 0.01 0.03 0.00 7.73 4,594 ‐17% $65,089 0.00 0.01 0.00 3.76 12,606 ‐23% $72,049 0.01 0.04 0.00 10.04 C‐40 Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4237) Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4238) Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4239) Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers (4241) Drugs and Druggistsʹ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers (4242) Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers (4243) Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers (4244) Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers (4245) Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers (4246) Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (4247) Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers (4248) Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4249) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (4251) Automobile Dealers (4411) Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores (4413) Furniture Stores (4421) Home Furnishings Stores (4422) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 9,193 9% $50,999 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.04 13,252 ‐18% $61,251 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.68 18,716 ‐4% $57,551 0.01 0.05 0.00 12.49 4,911 ‐26% $52,526 0.01 0.03 0.00 7.40 5,967 30% $69,874 0.02 0.05 0.00 13.82 21,474 5% $46,549 0.02 0.06 0.00 16.29 33,986 7% $48,168 0.01 0.04 0.00 10.63 211 51% $56,442 0.01 0.02 0.00 4.62 3,923 ‐24% $61,191 0.00 0.02 0.00 4.55 1,476 ‐1% $75,244 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.00 3,510 13% $59,328 0.02 0.06 0.00 16.91 16,092 4% $42,659 0.01 0.04 0.00 10.46 20,720 75% $60,496 0.01 0.04 0.00 11.22 25,782 ‐18% $54,421 0.01 0.04 382.33 5.28 2,204 26% $42,820 0.01 0.03 382.33 4.03 11,374 ‐15% $30,894 0.02 0.05 627.11 6.92 5,574 ‐9% $34,074 0.01 0.03 268.19 4.39 7,649 13% $28,470 0.02 0.04 223.42 5.85 17,705 5% $56,742 0.02 0.05 424.40 7.62 20,921 33% $32,327 0.01 0.04 491.96 5.33 1,642 ‐28% $27,073 0.02 0.05 400.52 7.14 Grocery Stores (4451) 74,992 15% $27,350 0.03 0.07 1734.65 7.02 Specialty Food Stores (4452) 10,744 36% $25,528 0.03 0.07 404.40 6.98 3,283 13% $19,191 0.03 0.08 404.40 8.34 Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) Building Material and Supplies Dealers (4441) Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores (4442) Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) Health and Personal Care Stores (4461) 28,552 23% $37,139 0.03 0.07 771.77 7.65 Gasoline Stations (4471) 11,190 ‐14% $27,890 0.06 0.15 2911.43 18.18 C‐41 Clothing Stores (4481) Shoe Stores (4482) Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores (4483) Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores (4511) Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 42,396 67% $20,542 0.01 0.04 405.76 5.12 7,427 23% $23,132 0.01 0.03 405.76 4.51 4,607 ‐9% $37,747 0.02 0.04 405.76 5.76 14,150 23% $22,469 0.01 0.02 415.59 3.14 3,575 ‐56% $18,297 0.01 0.03 1783.29 3.65 Department Stores (4521) 36,959 ‐18% $21,042 0.01 0.03 500.98 4.07 Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) 31,050 110% $24,708 0.01 0.03 688.56 4.07 1,241 ‐55% $22,805 0.01 0.04 346.63 5.55 12,197 ‐10% $32,191 0.02 0.04 328.06 6.22 Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 3,860 38% $21,313 0.01 0.04 346.63 5.49 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) 8,175 27% $30,561 0.01 0.04 354.41 5.53 Electronic Shopping and Mail‐Order Houses (4541) 6,744 28% $59,063 0.03 0.07 0.00 9.83 Florists (4531) Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores (4532) Vending Machine Operators (4542) 458 ‐37% $42,263 0.02 0.05 0.00 6.77 Direct Selling Establishments (4543) 2,329 ‐27% $34,970 0.03 0.08 302.13 11.98 Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) 16,480 ‐43% $61,032 5.53 1278.59 243.32 (r) 1,553 6% $85,679 4.69 1084.36 241.30 (r) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 2,756 64% $65,682 0.09 19.99 56.36 309.20 935.44 Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) Rail Transportation (4821) Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation (4831) Inland Water Transportation (4832) 252 33% $57,683 0.26 60.49 41.55 18,277 ‐13% $42,233 0.26 59.38 0.00 (r) Specialized Freight Trucking (4842) 7,262 40% $41,276 0.40 91.54 0.00 (r) Urban Transit Systems (4851) 9,452 35% $50,941 0.37 66.76 70.35 117.83 506 ‐48% $44,672 0.53 95.05 70.35 167.76 Taxi and Limousine Service (4853) 2,258 72% $31,254 0.33 59.66 0.00 105.30 School and Employee Bus Transportation (4854) 3,441 ‐21% $27,401 0.18 32.86 0.00 57.99 692 ‐37% $34,085 0.22 38.39 70.35 67.75 4,539 283% $30,124 0.23 40.44 0.00 71.38 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil (4861) 123 ‐61% $119,596 0.24 11.89 0.00 321.88 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas (4862) 154 ‐40% $101,868 1.88 93.46 0.00 2529.83 Other Pipeline Transportation (4869) 331 63% $94,842 0.48 23.63 0.00 639.65 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land (4871) 895 73% $33,941 0.03 3.35 70.35 9.24 General Freight Trucking (4841) Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation (4852) Charter Bus Industry (4855) Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (4859) C‐42 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water (4872) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other (4879) Support Activities for Air Transportation (4881) Support Activities for Rail Transportation (4882) Support Activities for Water Transportation (4883) Support Activities for Road Transportation (4884) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 213 ‐32% $22,464 0.00 0.03 70.35 3.41 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 11,559 52% $45,506 0.01 1.23 10.21 17.15 561 161% $43,386 0.03 3.77 0.00 3.90 8,425 19% $81,301 0.01 1.57 0.00 1.65 3,613 13% $34,230 0.04 4.93 0.00 5.11 Freight Transportation Arrangement (4885) 15,175 28% $53,262 0.03 3.27 0.00 3.39 Other Support Activities for Transportation (4889) 2,636 144% $68,705 0.07 8.50 0.00 8.81 Postal Service (4911) 18,873 ‐30% $60,054 0.01 0.86 439.02 5.03 Couriers and Express Delivery Services (4921) 15,588 ‐14% $47,212 0.50 113.13 420.70 (r) 2,902 ‐41% $25,930 0.45 103.34 420.70 (r) 16,180 15% $47,130 0.01 0.48 0.00 5.78 8,855 ‐57% $73,616 0.01 0.00 0.00 24.52 Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) Warehousing and Storage (4931) Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers (5111) Software Publishers (5112) Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) Sound Recording Industries (5122) 5,148 6% $141,587 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.38 118,731 ‐10% $95,157 0.00 0.00 52.53 8.46 3,066 ‐14% $101,075 0.02 0.00 0.00 62.73 14,281 14% $114,942 0.11 0.15 0.00 139.87 Cable and Other Subscription Programming (5152) 4,098 ‐16% $105,087 0.02 0.03 0.00 38.44 Wired Telecommunications Carriers (5171) 13,712 260% $87,606 0.05 0.06 0.00 16.69 4,371 11% $63,021 0.03 0.05 0.00 12.32 Radio and Television Broadcasting (5151) Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) (5172) Satellite Telecommunications (5174) 1,313 ‐52% $74,652 0.01 0.02 0.00 5.23 Other Telecommunications (5179) 6,837 ‐60% $86,812 0.07 0.09 0.00 24.30 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services (5182) 4,556 ‐19% $79,507 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.06 12,287 106% $79,378 0.01 0.01 286.01 14.70 Other Information Services (5191) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (5211) 506 ‐30% $113,332 0.01 0.06 0.00 16.30 Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) 48,119 ‐28% $65,480 0.01 0.03 1268.28 8.57 Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) 14,100 1% $70,150 0.00 0.01 316.49 2.64 Activities Related to Credit Intermediation (5223) 10,448 52% $64,330 0.00 0.01 16.99 2.66 C‐43 Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage (5231) 9,236 ‐8% $209,470 0.01 0.01 18.21 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 6.64 Securities and Commodity Exchanges (5232) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) 13,050 23% $236,254 0.01 0.01 29.86 7.04 Insurance Carriers (5241) 18,322 ‐42% $90,135 0.00 0.00 29.75 8.90 26,042 ‐19% $72,425 0.01 0.04 25.05 5.86 1,082 37% $53,695 0.00 0.00 30.10 15.32 1,154 21% $101,317 0.00 0.00 8.34 15.23 Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 15,159 ‐26% $44,843 0.03 0.10 26.16 16.46 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers (5312) 11,422 110% $71,281 0.02 0.09 36.12 14.90 Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities (5242) Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds (5251) Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) 26,179 27% $50,090 0.03 0.11 23.42 17.23 Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing (5321) 6,386 1% $46,760 0.00 0.01 336.79 2.27 Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 6,610 10% $39,634 0.00 0.02 649.67 2.95 General Rental Centers (5323) 1,222 ‐66% $49,695 0.00 0.01 420.70 1.29 5,444 40% $65,572 0.00 0.05 0.00 6.08 920 ‐16% $99,599 0.29 2.97 0.00 128.18 47,821 8% $105,037 0.01 0.05 29.70 11.15 40,621 15% $67,980 0.01 0.04 19.58 6.91 35,748 52% $107,556 0.01 0.02 26.99 6.83 8,274 42% $66,666 0.01 0.02 5.57 7.48 28,289 59% $92,099 0.00 0.01 0.00 8.86 43,705 184% $69,002 0.00 0.02 0.00 5.55 16,982 ‐2% $102,193 0.02 0.08 0.00 8.77 23,414 13% $94,510 0.03 0.14 0.00 66.46 14,951 28% $45,972 0.01 0.05 129.78 9.83 54,889 ‐3% $94,565 0.01 0.00 0.00 9.12 21,154 58% $75,578 0.01 0.16 0.00 7.33 391 ‐88% $31,859 0.01 0.13 0.00 7.72 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing (5324) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (5331) Legal Services (5411) Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services (5412) Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services (5413) Specialized Design Services (5414) Computer Systems Design and Related Services (5415) Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services (5416) Scientific Research and Development Services (5417) Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services (5418) Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (5419) Management of Companies and Enterprises (5511) Office Administrative Services (5611) Facilities Support Services (5612) C‐44 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County Employment Services (5613) 89,407 ‐12% $27,183 0.00 0.01 26.04 0.78 Business Support Services (5614) 15,258 ‐48% $37,619 0.00 0.06 260.74 4.85 8,046 ‐30% $49,583 0.04 1.37 30.10 14.57 Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services (5615) Investigation and Security Services (5616) 49,176 36% $24,389 0.00 0.03 25.39 2.41 Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) 40,273 15% $26,356 0.01 0.06 7.75 7.68 Other Support Services (5619) 7,107 51% $39,789 0.01 0.21 0.00 8.34 Waste Collection (5621) 4,244 117% $55,572 0.00 6.09 0.00 69.33 Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) 2,845 ‐42% $59,224 0.01 8.79 166.39 100.14 Remediation and Other Waste Management Services (5629) 2,051 109% $45,753 0.01 17.72 0.00 201.86 214,485 ‐39% $47,226 0.01 0.20 151.24 7.37 25,464 ‐33% $50,890 0.03 0.52 156.07 19.21 82,332 17% $62,803 0.08 1.45 90.00 53.69 1,743 ‐10% $42,725 0.00 0.02 202.95 3.45 6,477 199% $44,135 0.00 0.04 202.95 4.57 Other Schools and Instruction (6116) 15,643 108% $24,333 0.00 0.02 219.79 2.88 Educational Support Services (6117) 5,488 450% $34,148 0.00 0.02 30.10 2.59 Offices of Physicians (6211) 77,670 28% $74,721 0.00 0.11 237.12 5.83 Offices of Dentists (6212) 27,960 31% $40,371 0.00 0.09 237.12 4.68 Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 16,293 49% $35,471 0.00 0.10 284.54 5.42 Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 21,940 131% $56,530 0.02 0.52 281.98 13.27 9,286 76% $52,479 0.02 0.52 237.12 13.30 21,739 69% $28,329 0.00 0.08 0.00 4.78 7,056 45% $38,618 0.01 0.34 12.71 8.58 139,782 7% $68,328 0.03 0.22 126.54 21.71 5,947 ‐27% $48,810 0.02 0.10 126.54 9.70 2,487 125% $51,025 0.01 0.06 126.54 6.33 39,323 16% $30,464 0.02 0.76 118.46 5.80 13,898 141% $32,421 0.03 0.93 118.46 7.06 12,985 40% $25,264 0.02 0.80 71.08 6.05 4,444 50% $31,947 0.02 0.57 71.08 4.35 Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) Junior Colleges (6112) Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (6113) Business Schools and Computer and Management Training (6114) Technical and Trade Schools (6115) Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) Home Health Care Services (6216) Other Ambulatory Health Care Services (6219) General Medical and Surgical Hospitals (6221) Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals (6222) Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals (6223) Nursing Care Facilities (6231) Residential Mental Retardation, Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities (6232) Community Care Facilities for the Elderly (6233) Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) C‐45 Individual and Family Services (6241) Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services (6242) Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 40,330 72% $36,608 0.01 0.35 46.76 5.59 4,178 99% $36,260 0.01 0.36 56.06 5.75 7,422 ‐25% $25,692 0.01 0.32 46.76 5.08 16,708 29% $24,700 0.00 0.07 268.91 3.35 Performing Arts Companies (7111) 5,144 56% $125,220 0.00 0.03 129.18 6.79 Spectator Sports (7112) 5,083 4% $106,154 0.00 0.01 129.18 3.31 2,113 77% $51,443 0.01 0.04 77.29 11.79 6,900 36% $131,266 0.00 0.02 0.00 5.77 10,250 66% $350,545 0.00 0.03 0.00 12.56 4,692 41% $44,641 0.08 0.69 104.76 68.80 Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) 4,010 20% $40,845 0.00 0.01 226.03 0.71 Gambling Industries (7132) 7,526 59% $27,637 0.00 0.00 687.87 0.35 Other Amusement and Recreation Industries (7139) 33,033 9% $22,727 0.01 0.11 319.99 11.42 Traveler Accommodation (7211) 40,009 0% $30,143 0.06 1.68 261.31 13.83 435 52% $25,916 0.01 0.31 231.68 6.89 364 7% $28,855 0.03 1.23 0.00 8.10 5,159 ‐95% ‐ 0.03 0.71 425.42 8.56 Child Day Care Services (6244) Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events (7113) Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures (7114) Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers (7115) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (7121) RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps (7212) Rooming and Boarding Houses (7213) Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) Special Food Services (7223) Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) Other Eating and Drinking Places (7225) Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance (8112) Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance (8113) Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance (8114) Personal Care Services (8121) Death Care Services (8122) Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 3,835 ‐89% ‐ 0.03 0.96 2832.90 11.62 17,255 162% $24,559 0.04 1.20 485.56 14.49 6,409 ‐4% $16,077 0.04 1.06 502.07 12.78 270,353 293% $17,530 0.03 0.78 1599.42 9.41 28,319 ‐3% $29,878 0.01 0.40 471.15 9.06 1,932 ‐39% $41,538 0.01 0.31 288.86 11.01 4,363 ‐16% $54,340 0.00 0.31 0.00 9.34 2,182 ‐18% $32,730 0.01 0.70 288.86 23.99 16,223 42% $21,399 0.00 0.13 260.47 6.07 3,156 ‐1% $49,169 0.02 1.36 492.75 22.95 11,215 ‐14% $26,486 0.01 0.41 194.35 6.30 C‐46 Other Personal Services (8129) Religious Organizations (8131) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County 16,744 26% $26,399 0.01 0.55 71.00 14.13 6,581 ‐68% $28,012 0.01 0.47 169.60 13.46 19,973 20% $51,082 0.02 1.23 23.47 20.57 Social Advocacy Organizations (8133) 4,748 160% $41,776 0.01 0.74 30.10 12.37 Civic and Social Organizations (8134) 9,817 14% $22,255 0.03 1.88 605.87 15.92 10,610 17% $60,953 0.04 2.61 489.58 22.15 120,255 449% $13,470 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43,271 ‐54% $61,652 0.13 7.40 162.28 48.57 73,102 32% $84,945 0.23 13.34 181.86 157.13 14,412 19% $71,848 0.22 13.10 188.74 86.35 2,536 ‐15% $64,245 0.00 0.18 115.90 1.35 2,923 ‐29% $70,252 0.18 10.41 124.52 68.35 11,509 36% $73,541 0.14 8.14 104.02 56.49 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 3,472 9% $85,144 0.03 1.58 32.26 (r) 88,355 174% $53,518 0.03 1.42 48.70 5.61 Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations (8139) Private Households (8141) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (9211) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (9221) Administration of Human Resource Programs (9231) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (9241) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (9251) Administration of Economic Program (9261) Space Research and Technology (9271) National Security and International Affairs (9281) Unclassified (9999) Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐47 C.2.2 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in the City of Los Angeles, by 4‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA Oilseed and Grain Farming (1111) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Vegetable and Melon Farming (1112) 54 ‐78% $22,375 0.65 56.38 0.00 203.90 Fruit and Tree Nut Farming (1113) 979 215% $24,756 0.59 47.96 0.00 158.54 Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production (1114) 303 ‐20% $30,542 0.66 29.66 0.00 112.09 36 ‐50% $29,755 0.39 87.02 0.00 206.89 Cattle Ranching and Farming (1121) 53 362% $59,006 0.28 158.58 0.00 (r) Poultry and Egg Production (1123) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Aquaculture (1125) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Other Animal Production (1129) 43 139% $49,675 0.17 60.18 0.00 (r) Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products (1132) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Logging (1133) (s) (s) $15,207 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fishing (1141) 35 ‐86% $135,820 0.65 12.83 0.00 (r) Hunting and Trapping (1142) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Support Activities for Crop Production (1151) 89 ‐69% $34,125 0.04 0.60 0.00 74.22 110 ‐45% $33,400 0.02 0.29 0.00 73.92 Other Crop Farming (1119) Support Activities for Animal Production (1152) Support Activities for Forestry (1153) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 510 ‐14% $511,071 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47 Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying (2123) 166 28% $68,554 1.90 4.32 0.00 188.03 Support Activities for Mining (2131) Oil and Gas Extraction (2111) 601 2335% $127,338 1.63 0.06 0.00 418.24 Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (2211) 9,193 0% $109,356 81.80 1439.43 0.00 15325.50 Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 2,150 0% $97,657 0.71 393.89 0.00 5517.05 Water, Sewage and Other Systems (2213) 2,285 ‐17% $87,091 1.29 222.42 0.00 976.41 Residential Building Construction (2361) 6,325 16% $43,877 0.39 0.09 0.00 114.83 C‐48 Nonresidential Building Construction (2362) 2,934 ‐23% $74,425 0.33 0.07 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 0.00 61.84 Utility System Construction (2371) 574 ‐7% $71,520 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 Land Subdivision (2372) 863 ‐11% $77,390 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 1,565 18% $69,728 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 276 ‐95% $76,766 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.88 544 ‐72% $39,889 2.43 0.55 0.00 457.55 1,110 ‐77% $48,995 3.25 0.74 0.00 610.12 Building Finishing Contractors (2383) 797 ‐75% $34,671 2.63 0.60 0.00 493.87 Other Specialty Trade Contractors (2389) 420 ‐58% $45,231 1.77 0.39 0.00 377.40 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction (2373) Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (2379) Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors (2381) Building Equipment Contractors (2382) Animal Food Manufacturing (3111) 232 ‐73% $56,337 0.85 22.29 0.00 1594.78 Grain and Oilseed Milling (3112) 104 ‐43% $55,099 0.94 19.91 0.00 1776.40 739 7% $38,565 0.18 4.05 0.00 549.66 1,384 14% $61,262 0.30 7.83 0.00 626.51 Dairy Product Manufacturing (3115) 424 ‐45% $72,310 0.56 14.21 0.00 1534.71 Animal Slaughtering and Processing (3116) 479 ‐50% $35,088 0.14 3.07 0.00 605.16 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging (3117) 249 ‐80% $32,669 0.24 6.59 0.00 298.87 Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing (3113) Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing (3114) Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) 5,485 ‐17% $32,090 0.13 3.48 126.61 152.39 Other Food Manufacturing (3119) 1,173 113% $44,821 0.23 5.53 0.00 407.45 Beverage Manufacturing (3121) 633.29 2,271 4% $64,927 0.39 10.10 0.00 Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills (3131) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 443 ‐59% $40,465 0.39 11.63 0.00 173.65 2,205 ‐37% $34,702 0.49 22.97 0.00 165.88 Textile Furnishings Mills (3141) 500 ‐58% $33,196 0.10 1.85 0.00 98.21 Other Textile Product Mills (3149) 835 ‐67% $39,526 0.15 2.14 0.00 87.36 Fabric Mills (3132) Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills (3133) Apparel Knitting Mills (3151) Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing (3152) Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing (3159) Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing (3161) Footwear Manufacturing (3162) 259 ‐53% $28,312 0.02 0.05 0.00 99.42 24,623 ‐55% $30,474 0.01 0.04 0.00 38.88 330 ‐83% $36,653 0.11 0.66 0.00 267.78 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 297 ‐44% $23,926 0.02 0.07 0.00 98.38 C‐49 Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (3169) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 297 ‐64% $41,322 0.04 0.14 0.00 140.78 Sawmills and Wood Preservation (3211) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing (3212) 40 ‐41% $33,335 0.13 0.65 0.00 103.35 842 ‐17% $29,966 0.03 0.16 0.00 67.16 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 830 ‐62% $38,686 0.38 10.03 0.00 272.44 4,599 ‐55% $40,767 0.02 0.49 0.00 45.29 1,397 30% $120,940 189.05 15112.11 0.00 (r) 277 ‐56% $67,627 4.99 292.34 0.00 1468.48 145 ‐7% $47,431 5.99 102.21 0.00 1820.72 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 2,985 ‐1% $71,289 0.22 1.71 0.00 145.77 547 ‐51% $46,122 0.40 9.67 0.00 434.99 3,284 12% $58,576 0.48 7.62 0.00 292.17 253 ‐53% $31,641 0.53 9.63 0.00 453.56 Plastics Product Manufacturing (3261) 2,028 ‐35% $41,461 0.18 1.11 0.00 214.64 Rubber Product Manufacturing (3262) 255 ‐53% $33,091 0.17 1.75 0.00 141.50 181 ‐62% $44,513 0.37 14.42 0.00 165.38 990 ‐24% $37,705 0.17 4.74 0.00 128.20 486 ‐30% $51,225 0.10 3.60 0.00 826.96 50 ‐75% $39,367 1.60 214.97 0.00 1406.44 254 ‐22% $43,629 0.12 4.25 0.00 319.10 60 164% $47,845 1.56 89.76 0.00 1316.32 205 87% $61,892 0.17 1.53 0.00 956.99 Other Wood Product Manufacturing (3219) Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (3221) Converted Paper Product Manufacturing (3222) Printing and Related Support Activities (3231) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (3241) Basic Chemical Manufacturing (3251) Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing (3252) Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing (3253) Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (3254) Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing (3255) Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing (3256) Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing (3259) Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing (3271) Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing (3272) Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing (3273) Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing (3274) Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (3279) Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing (3311) Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel (3312) C‐50 Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing (3313) Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing (3314) Foundries (3315) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 94 ‐26% $46,994 0.59 25.95 0.00 638.13 25 ‐96% $53,012 0.30 2.00 0.00 501.16 242 ‐68% $34,238 0.12 0.95 0.00 193.45 Forging and Stamping (3321) 407 ‐37% $44,436 0.52 9.81 0.00 379.40 Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing (3322) 228 ‐54% $44,575 0.10 1.26 0.00 117.46 1,737 ‐21% $40,262 0.07 1.09 0.00 155.17 418 ‐45% $89,870 0.37 5.44 0.00 531.09 119 ‐71% $28,938 0.10 1.46 0.00 151.79 65 ‐73% $34,108 0.08 1.30 0.00 101.22 3,256 ‐23% $51,135 0.09 1.01 0.00 97.70 1,670 ‐48% $40,252 0.37 6.36 0.00 180.65 2,414 ‐33% $59,973 0.19 2.47 0.00 208.77 77 ‐46% $37,713 0.14 0.97 0.00 183.48 189 ‐59% $43,287 0.08 0.53 0.00 130.91 506 ‐13% $46,404 0.13 0.65 0.00 202.56 128 ‐61% $48,579 0.06 0.39 0.00 97.25 416 ‐65% $40,325 0.06 0.32 0.00 68.31 220 4% $85,257 0.11 0.66 0.00 205.84 945 ‐33% $43,212 0.10 0.71 0.00 135.68 156 ‐90% $68,460 0.10 0.53 0.00 151.28 564 ‐57% $48,713 0.03 0.18 0.00 91.22 268 ‐89% $92,261 0.09 0.31 0.00 319.74 3,948 ‐18% $54,551 0.06 3.19 0.00 43.96 Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing (3323) Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing (3324) Hardware Manufacturing (3325) Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing (3326) Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing (3327) Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities (3328) Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (3329) Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing (3331) Industrial Machinery Manufacturing (3332) Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing (3333) Ventilation, Heating, Air‐Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing (3334) Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing (3335) Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing (3336) Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing (3339) Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing (3341) Communications Equipment Manufacturing (3342) Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing (3343) Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing (3344) C‐51 Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing (3345) Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media (3346) Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing (3351) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 8,084 ‐11% $88,279 0.05 0.25 0.00 93.34 500 ‐43% $61,257 0.13 0.58 0.00 168.35 622 ‐50% $55,478 0.04 0.27 0.00 77.27 Household Appliance Manufacturing (3352) 58 ‐37% $47,308 0.07 0.45 0.00 153.99 Electrical Equipment Manufacturing (3353) 416 ‐41% $57,183 0.05 0.33 0.00 85.56 Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing (3359) 769 25% $84,975 0.14 1.04 0.00 163.56 Motor Vehicle Manufacturing (3361) 111 ‐58% $120,378 0.29 3.93 0.00 567.60 Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing (3362) 175 38% $33,536 0.15 1.91 0.00 238.84 Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing (3363) 428 ‐81% $58,709 0.12 1.29 0.00 149.93 Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing (3364) 5,066 ‐34% $93,851 0.15 1.75 0.00 127.20 Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing (3365) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Ship and Boat Building (3366) 38 ‐93% $41,079 0.06 0.73 0.00 72.91 58 ‐66% $80,215 0.17 1.93 0.00 251.92 2,541 ‐34% $30,636 0.03 0.15 0.00 41.55 699 ‐53% $44,946 0.07 0.48 0.00 85.94 159 ‐75% $26,620 0.03 0.10 0.00 54.17 2,657 29% $73,481 0.05 1.32 0.00 54.94 4,000 ‐45% $42,909 0.05 1.70 0.00 66.95 2,133 ‐34% $37,819 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 1,599 ‐22% $48,353 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 1,249 ‐20% $47,676 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 3,914 ‐41% $57,340 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 562 ‐32% $75,267 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 4,113 ‐18% $78,177 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (3369) Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing (3371) Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing (3372) Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing (3379) Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing (3391) Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing (3399) Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4231) Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers (4232) Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers (4233) Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4234) Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers (4235) Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4236) C‐52 Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4237) Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4238) Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4239) Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers (4241) Drugs and Druggistsʹ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers (4242) Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers (4243) Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers (4244) Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers (4245) Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers (4246) Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (4247) Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers (4248) Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers (4249) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (4251) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 1,803 3% $38,729 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 2,875 ‐27% $55,746 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 7,593 ‐9% $50,464 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 1,181 ‐31% $49,151 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 2,679 30% $80,620 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 11,367 14% $44,099 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 11,743 20% $47,445 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 32 ‐5% $91,215 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 580 ‐43% $66,081 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 288 77% $97,700 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 1,929 105% $58,127 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 5,467 ‐1% $45,040 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 7,556 91% $60,311 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 6,702 ‐11% $55,337 0.05 0.14 382.33 20.32 437 1% $34,748 0.05 0.14 382.33 20.32 Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores (4413) 3,872 ‐16% $31,580 0.05 0.14 653.63 20.32 Furniture Stores (4421) 1,644 ‐26% $32,029 0.04 0.10 268.19 14.87 Automobile Dealers (4411) Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 3,009 ‐1% $30,773 0.04 0.10 221.06 14.87 Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) 5,920 ‐5% $68,037 0.06 0.16 424.52 22.79 6,973 50% $33,082 0.04 0.11 496.04 16.01 732 ‐22% $24,318 0.04 0.11 400.51 16.01 19.30 Building Material and Supplies Dealers (4441) Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores (4442) Grocery Stores (4451) 27,277 27% $27,329 0.07 0.19 1769.84 Specialty Food Stores (4452) 3,887 37% $22,352 0.07 0.19 404.40 19.30 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) 1,420 8% $21,152 0.07 0.19 404.40 19.30 10,495 29% $37,754 0.08 0.20 780.69 20.82 3,909 ‐11% $19,731 0.16 0.43 2802.85 52.05 Health and Personal Care Stores (4461) Gasoline Stations (4471) C‐53 Clothing Stores (4481) Shoe Stores (4482) Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores (4483) Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores (4511) Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) Department Stores (4521) Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) Florists (4531) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 16,587 51% $23,140 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 2,559 30% $27,985 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 2,028 20% $34,606 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 4,317 11% $29,819 0.03 0.07 400.33 10.29 1,268 ‐63% $19,580 0.03 0.07 1769.64 10.29 10,682 ‐12% $24,020 0.04 0.10 497.38 14.09 8,965 92% $24,421 0.04 0.10 629.75 14.09 507 ‐50% $27,468 0.04 0.10 346.63 13.60 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores (4532) 5,580 13% $32,289 0.04 0.10 327.53 13.60 Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 1,559 59% $23,293 0.04 0.10 346.63 13.60 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) 3,322 25% $30,972 0.04 0.10 364.31 13.60 Electronic Shopping and Mail‐Order Houses (4541) 2,535 15% $71,932 0.07 0.18 0.00 26.16 Vending Machine Operators (4542) 119 ‐62% $49,960 0.07 0.18 0.00 26.16 Direct Selling Establishments (4543) 1,067 ‐12% $36,953 0.07 0.18 328.48 26.16 Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) 14,612 ‐44% $60,431 6.24 1442.02 243.01 (r) 1,168 ‐6% $85,342 6.24 1442.02 238.06 (r) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 723 ‐2% $60,645 0.33 76.18 49.71 1178.16 Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) Rail Transportation (4821) Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation (4831) Inland Water Transportation (4832) 200 140% $64,867 0.33 76.18 37.65 1178.16 General Freight Trucking (4841) 3,162 ‐4% $38,898 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Specialized Freight Trucking (4842) 1,937 78% $37,074 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Urban Transit Systems (4851) 4,976 34% $51,791 0.71 126.82 70.35 223.84 379 ‐19% $37,081 0.71 126.82 70.35 223.84 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation (4852) Taxi and Limousine Service (4853) 1,062 56% $32,196 0.71 126.82 0.00 223.84 School and Employee Bus Transportation (4854) 892 6% $26,837 0.71 126.82 0.00 223.84 Charter Bus Industry (4855) 209 ‐36% $44,546 0.71 126.82 70.35 223.84 1,447 390% $30,065 0.71 126.82 0.00 223.84 Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (4859) Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil (4861) Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas (4862) Other Pipeline Transportation (4869) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land (4871) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 105 ‐34% $102,095 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44 57 ‐64% $66,748 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44 239 85% $26,678 0.11 12.56 70.35 34.62 C‐54 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water (4872) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other (4879) Support Activities for Air Transportation (4881) Support Activities for Rail Transportation (4882) Support Activities for Water Transportation (4883) Support Activities for Road Transportation (4884) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 45 ‐39% $17,938 0.00 0.16 70.35 16.10 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 10,515 82% $44,440 0.01 1.35 6.71 18.86 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 1,066 4% $86,487 0.10 12.37 0.00 13.07 1,418 3% $37,503 0.11 12.56 0.00 13.02 Freight Transportation Arrangement (4885) 3,949 7% $53,912 0.11 12.56 0.00 13.02 Other Support Activities for Transportation (4889) 1,784 316% $80,667 0.11 12.56 0.00 13.02 Postal Service (4911) 6,850 ‐39% $60,404 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85 Couriers and Express Delivery Services (4921) 8,363 ‐14% $52,419 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) 1,422 ‐47% $21,437 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Warehousing and Storage (4931) 1,981 ‐30% $53,182 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers (5111) 5,080 ‐59% $83,916 0.01 0.00 0.00 42.74 Software Publishers (5112) Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) Sound Recording Industries (5122) 2,002 9% $137,905 0.01 0.00 0.00 34.41 30,440 ‐43% $130,686 0.02 0.01 74.93 33.00 1,372 ‐25% $82,786 0.04 0.01 0.00 140.24 10,759 10% $120,260 0.14 0.20 0.00 185.66 Cable and Other Subscription Programming (5152) 2,182 ‐12% $95,822 0.04 0.06 0.00 72.20 Wired Telecommunications Carriers (5171) 4,442 368% $83,159 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) (5172) 1,045 ‐7% $68,423 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Radio and Television Broadcasting (5151) Satellite Telecommunications (5174) 133 ‐70% $74,003 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Other Telecommunications (5179) 3,224 ‐61% $96,168 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services (5182) 1,007 ‐62% $64,022 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12 Other Information Services (5191) 5,375 34% $62,783 0.02 0.01 392.67 33.61 Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (5211) 379 ‐44% $90,268 0.01 0.09 0.00 21.79 18,916 ‐45% $75,275 0.01 0.09 1271.53 21.79 Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) 5,225 ‐1% $60,949 0.01 0.04 293.63 7.13 Activities Related to Credit Intermediation (5223) 3,900 74% $78,060 0.01 0.04 20.52 7.13 Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) C‐55 Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage (5231) 5,194 ‐14% $258,272 0.01 0.02 17.56 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 11.80 Securities and Commodity Exchanges (5232) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) 7,783 110% $306,339 0.01 0.02 29.83 11.80 Insurance Carriers (5241) 9,436 ‐44% $103,135 0.00 0.00 29.82 17.28 11,541 ‐30% $80,768 0.01 0.08 25.39 13.23 Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds (5251) 692 43% $53,077 0.00 0.00 30.10 23.97 Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) 733 10% $107,608 0.00 0.00 7.46 23.97 Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 7,113 ‐29% $40,155 0.05 0.22 25.94 35.08 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers (5312) 4,851 95% $78,229 0.05 0.22 36.12 35.08 Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities (5242) Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) 12,857 34% $53,402 0.05 0.22 24.25 35.08 Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing (5321) 2,542 ‐17% $43,538 0.00 0.02 327.40 5.70 Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 2,929 23% $48,719 0.01 0.04 683.55 6.66 465 ‐60% $42,189 0.00 0.04 420.70 3.40 2,628 42% $72,826 0.01 0.10 0.00 12.59 398 ‐15% $115,163 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60 33,122 7% $112,501 0.01 0.07 29.97 16.10 22,352 26% $69,098 0.01 0.07 19.22 12.56 9,642 19% $84,021 0.02 0.08 27.12 25.32 3,420 34% $66,957 0.01 0.05 6.21 18.10 10,403 70% $93,999 0.01 0.03 0.00 24.10 20,970 246% $67,802 0.01 0.04 0.00 11.57 2,501 ‐18% $79,242 0.11 0.52 0.00 59.54 13,025 19% $110,373 0.06 0.25 0.00 119.46 5,975 28% $55,719 0.02 0.13 111.10 24.58 19,514 ‐10% $101,948 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 11,297 105% $72,478 0.02 0.30 0.00 13.72 General Rental Centers (5323) Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing (5324) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (5331) Legal Services (5411) Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services (5412) Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services (5413) Specialized Design Services (5414) Computer Systems Design and Related Services (5415) Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services (5416) Scientific Research and Development Services (5417) Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services (5418) Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (5419) Management of Companies and Enterprises (5511) Office Administrative Services (5611) Facilities Support Services (5612) Employment Services (5613) 95 ‐97% $30,733 0.03 0.52 0.00 31.69 24,679 ‐23% $34,940 0.00 0.04 26.18 2.82 C‐56 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA Business Support Services (5614) 7,219 ‐50% $35,767 0.01 0.13 227.24 10.25 Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services (5615) 3,284 ‐47% $58,813 0.10 3.36 30.10 35.69 Investigation and Security Services (5616) 23,684 56% $22,805 0.00 0.06 23.39 4.99 Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) 12,889 28% $26,332 0.02 0.18 5.59 24.01 2,473 82% $37,344 0.03 0.59 0.00 23.96 Other Support Services (5619) Waste Collection (5621) 606 49% $49,792 0.03 42.60 0.00 485.13 Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) 587 ‐46% $65,091 0.03 42.60 223.68 485.13 Remediation and Other Waste Management Services (5629) 854 187% $40,984 0.03 42.60 0.00 485.13 84,668 ‐31% $47,224 0.02 0.50 151.24 18.67 6,321 ‐56% $53,615 0.11 2.08 156.07 77.38 57,128 37% $67,726 0.11 2.08 90.00 77.38 818 ‐16% $38,691 0.00 0.05 202.95 7.34 Technical and Trade Schools (6115) 2,574 184% $47,086 0.01 0.11 202.95 11.50 Other Schools and Instruction (6116) 6,137 93% $29,685 0.00 0.05 218.72 7.34 1,938 280% $33,535 0.00 0.05 30.10 7.34 30,608 32% $75,243 0.01 0.28 237.12 14.80 Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) Junior Colleges (6112) Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (6113) Business Schools and Computer and Management Training (6114) Educational Support Services (6117) Offices of Physicians (6211) Offices of Dentists (6212) 8,845 26% $40,422 0.01 0.28 237.12 14.80 Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 5,966 65% $34,943 0.01 0.28 284.54 14.80 Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 8,885 106% $55,360 0.05 1.29 279.23 32.76 Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) 3,770 104% $57,672 0.05 1.29 237.12 32.76 Home Health Care Services (6216) 9,001 76% $29,463 0.01 0.20 0.00 11.55 1,848 9% $42,949 0.05 1.29 18.12 32.76 61,273 8% $68,034 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 1,164 ‐63% $47,057 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 318 ‐63% $45,263 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 14,282 10% $31,469 0.06 2.10 118.46 15.97 6,146 185% $38,438 0.06 2.10 118.46 15.97 4,922 49% $28,568 0.06 2.10 71.08 15.97 Other Ambulatory Health Care Services (6219) General Medical and Surgical Hospitals (6221) Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals (6222) Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals (6223) Nursing Care Facilities (6231) Residential Mental Retardation, Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities (6232) Community Care Facilities for the Elderly (6233) Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) 1,212 2% $32,564 0.06 2.10 71.08 15.97 Individual and Family Services (6241) 22,894 36% $42,404 0.01 0.62 46.76 9.85 C‐57 Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services (6242) 2,373 81% $35,330 0.01 0.64 Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) 3,724 ‐33% $28,629 0.01 Child Day Care Services (6244) 5,987 44% $24,644 0.01 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 56.08 10.13 0.64 46.76 10.13 0.19 268.91 9.35 Performing Arts Companies (7111) 3,221 57% $63,059 0.01 0.04 129.18 10.84 Spectator Sports (7112) 2,169 184% $120,051 0.00 0.02 129.18 7.75 1,117 46% $48,041 0.01 0.08 71.03 22.31 1,786 ‐27% $144,988 0.01 0.08 0.00 22.31 6,148 68% $367,379 0.01 0.05 0.00 20.93 3,279 56% $47,174 0.12 0.98 58.02 98.44 Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) 73 ‐17% $23,866 0.02 0.35 687.87 38.70 Gambling Industries (7132) Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events (7113) Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures (7114) Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers (7115) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (7121) 69 50% $26,495 0.02 0.35 687.87 38.70 Other Amusement and Recreation Industries (7139) 16,371 10% $25,460 0.02 0.22 334.13 23.04 Traveler Accommodation (7211) 16,733 ‐5% $31,479 0.16 4.02 259.23 33.07 59 ‐39% $32,339 0.05 2.25 231.68 50.53 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps (7212) Rooming and Boarding Houses (7213) 99 ‐47% $27,998 0.10 4.52 0.00 29.75 Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 1,697 ‐96% $18,300 0.08 2.15 425.42 26.02 Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) 1,713 ‐86% $18,300 0.08 2.15 2729.99 26.02 Special Food Services (7223) 9,887 187% $25,070 0.07 2.10 509.47 25.28 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) 3,240 17% $16,203 0.07 2.10 502.07 25.28 100,649 305% $18,300 0.07 2.10 1597.54 25.28 10,170 ‐6% $30,085 0.02 1.12 474.92 25.24 Other Eating and Drinking Places (7225) Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance (8112) Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance (8113) Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance (8114) 651 ‐36% $42,360 0.02 0.93 288.86 32.69 1,157 ‐20% $53,921 0.02 1.19 0.00 35.21 1,078 ‐19% $32,039 0.02 1.41 288.86 48.54 Personal Care Services (8121) 5,452 29% $21,253 0.01 0.40 251.21 18.07 Death Care Services (8122) 1,016 91% $49,381 0.06 4.22 541.07 71.29 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 4,220 ‐11% $25,641 0.02 1.10 237.17 16.75 Other Personal Services (8129) 9,299 22% $26,526 0.02 0.99 60.46 25.45 Religious Organizations (8131) 3,209 ‐61% $30,778 0.01 0.97 169.60 27.62 C‐58 Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) 16,067 26% Social Advocacy Organizations (8133) 2,297 123% Civic and Social Organizations (8134) 3,929 18% Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations (8139) 5,907 36% 54,417 Private Households (8141) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (9211) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (9221) Administration of Human Resource Programs (9231) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (9241) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (9251) Administration of Economic Program (9261) Space Research and Technology (9271) National Security and International Affairs (9281) Unclassified (9999) $51,102 0.02 1.53 $47,801 0.02 $22,183 0.07 $66,367 389% 21,364 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA 25.84 25.57 1.53 30.10 25.57 4.69 605.87 39.78 0.07 4.69 477.49 39.78 $13,957 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ‐62% $63,569 0.25 14.99 151.01 98.38 56,394 25% $86,647 0.29 17.30 186.49 203.68 11,117 29% $74,241 0.29 16.98 188.74 111.95 79 3% $65,706 0.11 5.86 157.33 43.59 2,031 ‐8% $72,637 0.25 14.99 143.46 98.38 8,352 42% $71,806 0.19 11.21 88.91 77.84 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 411 ‐80% $77,895 0.26 13.36 100.12 (r) 32,600 183% $63,559 0.07 3.85 59.32 15.22 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐59 C.2.3 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Crop Production (111) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.3: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley 317 ‐52% $28,322 0.62 40.92 0.00 Animal Production (112) 57 194% $51,738 0.64 135.29 0.00 (r) Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 283 98% $30,205 0.03 0.44 0.00 74.07 Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) 137.52 Oil and Gas Extraction (211) 18 ‐92% $71,349 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47 Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) 84 ‐46% $80,013 2.16 5.29 0.00 205.25 Support Activities for Mining (213) 12 943% $113,172 1.74 0.06 0.00 445.54 Utilities (221) 1,915 0% $89,377 35.04 788.12 0.00 8397.05 Construction of Buildings (236) 7,193 1% $50,547 0.36 0.08 0.00 94.74 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) 1,413 ‐31% $73,713 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 299 ‐97% $43,756 23.05 5.23 0.00 4390.66 Specialty Trade Contractors (238) Food Manufacturing (311) 5,808 16% $60,119 0.31 7.63 78.44 832.00 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) 796 ‐44% $82,106 0.65 18.05 0.00 816.83 Textile Mills (313) 304 ‐46% $39,186 0.50 20.92 0.00 200.08 Textile Product Mills (314) 820 ‐7% $35,375 0.08 1.37 0.00 74.89 Apparel Manufacturing (315) 2,511 ‐73% $44,530 0.01 0.04 0.00 66.22 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) 405 ‐61% $33,372 0.02 0.08 0.00 111.92 Wood Product Manufacturing (321) 508 ‐29% $35,277 0.04 0.19 0.00 69.51 Paper Manufacturing (322) 425 ‐39% $25,848 0.54 12.16 0.00 294.34 3,601 ‐43% $51,053 0.02 0.49 0.00 44.82 13 ‐90% $144,482 81.75 6911.44 0.00 (r) 5,724 9% $54,860 0.82 14.26 0.00 342.81 Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) Chemical Manufacturing (325) C‐60 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.3: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley 2,385 ‐35% $40,605 0.18 1.14 0.00 212.40 1,701 ‐28% $42,015 0.19 8.54 0.00 304.85 527 ‐49% $42,113 0.35 19.77 0.00 516.17 10,900 ‐29% $51,382 0.16 2.39 0.00 161.93 5,093 ‐12% $71,580 0.12 0.67 0.00 170.26 12,910 ‐28% $77,064 0.06 1.18 0.00 92.82 2,168 ‐6% $62,738 0.10 0.70 0.00 133.83 7,922 ‐28% $69,995 0.16 1.89 0.00 124.86 1,159 ‐39% $37,747 0.05 0.26 0.00 55.14 5,645 ‐18% $61,463 0.05 1.57 0.00 59.74 16,954 ‐15% $60,878 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 9,302 ‐9% $52,465 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 3,450 14% $62,404 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 9,672 ‐5% $49,255 0.05 0.14 442.61 20.32 3,068 ‐6% $26,624 0.04 0.10 244.01 14.87 4,564 3% $64,433 0.06 0.16 424.80 22.79 5,880 32% $31,650 0.04 0.11 475.54 16.01 Food and Beverage Stores (445) 18,849 34% $26,495 0.07 0.19 1605.27 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 6,603 46% $35,592 0.08 0.20 763.42 20.82 Gasoline Stations (447) 2,454 ‐7% $19,011 0.16 0.43 2780.60 51.99 10,214 35% $17,379 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 3,539 ‐11% $18,222 0.03 0.07 664.39 10.29 15,746 26% $22,758 0.04 0.10 575.74 14.09 Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) Machinery Manufacturing (333) Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) General Merchandise Stores (452) Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 5,826 1% $27,485 0.04 0.10 335.63 13.60 Nonstore Retailers (454) 1,858 ‐40% $42,384 0.07 0.18 105.60 26.16 C‐61 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.3: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley Air Transportation (481) 1,223 23% $72,770 6.24 1442.02 251.79 (r) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Water Transportation (483) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Truck Transportation (484) 2,155 ‐16% $34,992 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) 3,400 67% $38,600 0.71 126.82 28.28 223.84 84 ‐30% $102,054 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44 367 81% $36,412 0.10 12.30 70.35 34.23 2,198 11% $50,325 0.09 11.00 25.62 25.08 Postal Service (491) 3,854 5% $59,802 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85 Couriers and Messengers (492) 2,884 ‐29% $41,247 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Warehousing and Storage (493) 769 48% $49,250 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21 2,195 ‐55% $78,492 0.01 0.00 0.00 40.03 82,776 0% $80,922 0.02 0.01 12.19 35.01 Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 5,863 ‐2% $118,852 0.12 0.18 0.00 167.32 Telecommunications (517) 5,145 0% $82,048 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 831 ‐35% $66,893 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12 1,472 349% $92,647 0.02 0.01 144.93 29.40 71 999% $108,601 0.01 0.09 0.00 21.79 13,548 ‐15% $56,175 0.01 0.07 760.20 15.38 2,457 24% $103,913 0.01 0.02 23.64 11.80 16,245 ‐24% $83,911 0.01 0.04 27.19 15.27 848 16% $66,094 0.00 0.00 19.68 23.97 Pipeline Transportation (486) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) Other Information Services (519) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) Real Estate (531) Rental and Leasing Services (532) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) 10,442 2% $47,042 0.05 0.22 29.09 35.08 6,358 20% $46,661 0.01 0.06 316.53 7.65 336 41% $98,109 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60 47,983 17% $70,800 0.02 0.09 19.79 25.64 C‐62 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.3: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) 6,796 ‐38% $87,690 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 50,970 0% $34,415 0.01 0.27 35.90 12.06 1,624 15% $54,288 0.03 42.60 83.97 485.13 Educational Services (611) 55,079 82% $45,270 0.04 0.80 146.86 30.26 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) 48,418 55% $53,615 0.02 0.52 207.51 18.81 Hospitals (622) 20,533 ‐2% $63,650 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 15,334 78% $30,729 0.06 2.10 107.55 15.97 Social Assistance (624) 12,744 103% $26,406 0.01 0.51 107.58 9.76 7,659 54% $217,739 0.01 0.06 32.58 19.01 217 363% $35,719 0.12 0.98 155.11 98.44 8,310 20% $30,804 0.02 0.27 258.57 29.17 3,739 ‐2% $26,987 0.15 4.00 250.30 33.30 55,456 24% $17,271 0.07 2.10 1545.61 25.28 Repair and Maintenance (811) 8,070 ‐11% $30,533 0.02 1.19 460.86 27.62 Personal and Laundry Services (812) 8,916 8% $25,985 0.02 1.03 229.15 24.75 Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) 6,344 ‐19% $47,053 0.05 3.34 356.35 34.43 33,783 816% $12,207 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,752 ‐47% $72,792 0.25 14.99 122.46 98.38 1,093 12% $97,265 0.41 24.05 162.22 283.17 1,352 108% $71,479 0.18 10.60 188.74 73.34 80 18% $51,730 0.18 10.29 109.68 70.21 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 398 ‐31% $30,313 0.44 25.48 186.09 171.52 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Accommodation (721) Food Services and Drinking Places (722) Private Households (814) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) Space Research and Technology (927) C‐63 National Security and International Affairs (928) Unclassified (999) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.3: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 25,397 165% $59,299 0.05 2.47 38.05 9.76 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐64 C.2.4 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Crop Production (111) Animal Production (112) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.4: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County 281 ‐2% $27,526 0.60 60.96 0.00 198.95 56 13% $22,638 0.31 133.95 0.00 (r) Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) 47 ‐53% $15,038 0.03 0.35 0.00 73.98 Oil and Gas Extraction (211) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Support Activities for Mining (213) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Utilities (221) 609 48% $86,104 33.19 741.58 0.00 7282.36 Construction of Buildings (236) 563 ‐1% $44,008 0.37 0.08 0.00 100.80 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) 209 ‐20% $60,997 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.92 Specialty Trade Contractors (238) . ‐ $45,255 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Food Manufacturing (311) 26 ‐74% $38,828 0.13 3.34 228.82 267.47 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) 76 999% $39,809 0.21 4.59 0.00 421.64 Textile Mills (313) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Textile Product Mills (314) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Apparel Manufacturing (315) 23 ‐70% $21,188 0.01 0.03 0.00 83.20 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Wood Product Manufacturing (321) 27 113% $20,596 0.04 0.16 0.00 69.54 Paper Manufacturing (322) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 355 315% $32,440 0.02 0.52 0.00 47.09 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Chemical Manufacturing (325) 53 2558% $61,054 0.39 5.24 0.00 345.58 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) C‐65 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.4: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County 139 ‐11% $42,960 0.13 4.82 0.00 860.91 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) 363 ‐50% $32,338 0.26 4.54 0.00 222.88 Machinery Manufacturing (333) 216 139% $56,164 0.13 0.60 0.00 154.42 2,748 451% $93,712 0.08 0.38 0.00 83.96 175 79% $35,980 0.04 0.29 0.00 84.68 3,642 ‐59% $98,324 0.10 0.94 0.00 150.62 65 118% $34,315 0.03 0.19 0.00 37.42 69 18% $29,822 0.04 1.38 0.00 46.77 605 32% $35,957 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 369 30% $44,727 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 87 30% $41,117 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 1,450 ‐8% $36,333 0.05 0.14 444.66 20.32 173 ‐38% $26,454 0.04 0.10 246.23 14.87 287 ‐12% $20,420 0.06 0.16 424.49 22.79 862 73% $27,036 0.04 0.11 446.11 16.01 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Food and Beverage Stores (445) 2,677 48% $22,843 0.07 0.19 1498.98 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 684 22% $34,676 0.08 0.20 762.13 20.82 Gasoline Stations (447) 485 27% $16,458 0.18 0.47 3039.24 52.67 971 62% $14,485 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 504 1% $13,317 0.03 0.07 588.42 10.29 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) General Merchandise Stores (452) 3,720 65% $21,114 0.04 0.10 630.13 14.09 444 ‐11% $17,457 0.04 0.10 315.57 13.60 Nonstore Retailers (454) 89 8% $23,620 0.07 0.18 139.30 26.16 Air Transportation (481) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) C‐66 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.4: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County Water Transportation (483) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Truck Transportation (484) 296 25% $28,914 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) 553 ‐7% $28,252 0.71 126.82 27.90 223.84 Pipeline Transportation (486) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 129 26% $34,877 0.10 11.58 11.90 18.68 303 ‐8% $57,019 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) Postal Service (491) Couriers and Messengers (492) 273 86% $37,953 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Warehousing and Storage (493) 1,140 4718% $42,478 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21 213 ‐34% $35,040 0.01 0.00 0.00 31.68 180 21% $16,138 0.02 0.01 1231.35 33.59 Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 83 52% $47,029 0.10 0.14 0.00 135.32 263 ‐18% $61,474 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Other Information Services (519) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 2,936 215% $34,191 0.01 0.06 561.27 13.32 59 34% $50,136 0.01 0.02 24.56 11.80 587 47% $40,664 0.01 0.08 20.16 13.46 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Real Estate (531) 573 ‐10% $26,480 0.05 0.22 25.75 35.08 Rental and Leasing Services (532) 248 22% $37,480 0.00 0.05 254.51 7.21 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 1,734 43% $41,307 0.02 0.10 42.56 25.10 135 657% $58,879 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 1,913 49% $24,464 0.02 0.25 65.54 16.56 Telecommunications (517) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) C‐67 Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.4: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County 196 ‐36% $53,747 0.03 42.60 295.22 485.13 Educational Services (611) 9,872 ‐8% $45,175 0.03 0.67 151.42 24.90 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) 4,979 76% $57,044 0.02 0.44 215.16 17.45 Hospitals (622) 3,273 22% $61,304 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 1,397 13% $28,152 0.06 2.10 108.71 15.97 Social Assistance (624) 1,403 166% $25,181 0.01 0.54 93.51 9.82 213 1% $33,816 0.01 0.05 117.19 15.62 38 61% $26,437 0.12 0.98 370.97 98.44 551 24% $14,828 0.02 0.24 348.62 25.65 948 32% $24,209 0.15 3.86 271.18 34.54 6,672 22% $14,996 0.07 2.10 1939.31 25.28 Repair and Maintenance (811) 708 ‐17% $29,329 0.02 1.02 370.92 27.25 Personal and Laundry Services (812) 581 ‐11% $18,283 0.02 1.16 308.87 25.52 Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) 398 ‐58% $20,372 0.04 2.67 309.22 32.15 2,964 853% $14,090 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 1,545 38% $45,261 0.22 12.77 24.36 150.44 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 208 ‐4% $42,982 0.10 5.45 161.66 41.17 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 131 85% $36,545 0.08 3.89 184.31 34.57 Space Research and Technology (927) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) National Security and International Affairs (928) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 2,370 206% $27,498 0.03 1.52 23.49 6.03 Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Accommodation (721) Food Services and Drinking Places (722) Private Households (814) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) Unclassified (999) C‐68 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐69 C.2.5 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Crop Production (111) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.5: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro 1,088 183% $25,510 0.60 47.07 0.00 155.87 Animal Production (112) 56 346% $45,200 0.20 96.73 0.00 (r) Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) 35 ‐84% $135,820 0.65 12.83 0.00 (r) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) 167 ‐67% $34,863 0.03 0.45 0.00 74.08 Oil and Gas Extraction (211) 508 22% $512,967 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47 Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) 81 ‐ $56,649 1.63 3.31 0.00 170.15 Support Activities for Mining (213) 601 2456% $127,338 1.63 0.06 0.00 418.24 Utilities (221) 13,066 ‐2% $104,758 57.84 1099.88 0.00 11642.83 Construction of Buildings (236) 4,752 6% $60,224 0.37 0.08 0.00 97.73 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) 3,469 ‐47% $71,254 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 Specialty Trade Contractors (238) ‐ ‐ $46,814 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Food Manufacturing (311) 7,369 ‐31% $37,531 0.20 4.95 78.19 360.95 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) 1,478 85% $55,539 0.26 5.80 0.00 533.25 Textile Mills (313) 2,414 ‐43% $35,272 0.46 20.86 0.00 161.96 Textile Product Mills (314) 770 ‐73% $35,388 0.16 2.40 0.00 98.69 23,347 ‐55% $29,092 0.01 0.05 0.00 39.96 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) 239 ‐66% $33,346 0.04 0.14 0.00 172.32 Wood Product Manufacturing (321) 457 ‐22% $26,425 0.03 0.17 0.00 68.34 Paper Manufacturing (322) 474 ‐73% $49,029 0.37 9.48 0.00 267.27 2,876 ‐56% $41,839 0.02 0.51 0.00 46.25 1,387 35% $121,182 190.11 15193.21 0.00 (r) 3,823 ‐28% $68,513 0.71 26.32 0.00 365.18 579 ‐69% $39,090 0.18 1.55 0.00 181.21 Apparel Manufacturing (315) Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) Chemical Manufacturing (325) Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) C‐70 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.5: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) 749 ‐39% $37,847 0.21 13.23 0.00 397.60 Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) 339 ‐70% $52,734 0.28 8.16 0.00 728.79 3,867 ‐43% $46,326 0.21 3.28 0.00 194.31 653 ‐53% $45,363 0.08 0.50 0.00 113.78 2,614 ‐41% $66,664 0.07 1.31 0.00 83.64 1,084 ‐39% $77,733 0.06 0.37 0.00 115.94 1,422 ‐43% $130,388 0.17 2.00 0.00 173.75 2,300 ‐50% $31,116 0.04 0.19 0.00 49.04 2,462 ‐50% $36,498 0.04 1.36 0.00 65.07 14,547 ‐25% $52,547 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 28,442 16% $49,073 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 5,484 194% $58,786 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 4,504 ‐41% $41,000 0.05 0.14 525.99 20.32 2,738 ‐9% $34,367 0.04 0.10 235.30 14.87 3,194 3% $71,454 0.06 0.16 424.40 22.79 3,527 52% $32,529 0.04 0.11 499.02 16.01 19,630 25% $26,481 0.07 0.19 1517.07 19.30 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) Machinery Manufacturing (333) Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Food and Beverage Stores (445) Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 6,124 15% $39,032 0.08 0.20 786.65 20.82 Gasoline Stations (447) 2,186 ‐15% $21,097 0.16 0.42 2742.36 51.89 15,293 66% $27,149 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 3,562 ‐21% $32,843 0.03 0.07 749.46 10.29 General Merchandise Stores (452) 10,095 16% $24,905 0.04 0.10 532.16 14.09 Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 6,504 17% $31,290 0.04 0.10 345.58 13.60 Nonstore Retailers (454) 2,412 75% $69,845 0.07 0.18 81.54 26.16 Air Transportation (481) 15,157 ‐43% $61,467 6.24 1442.02 242.23 (r) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 923 52% $61,560 0.33 76.18 47.10 1178.16 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) Water Transportation (483) C‐71 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.5: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro Truck Transportation (484) 3,471 35% $39,954 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) 6,148 33% $44,256 0.71 126.82 48.11 223.84 120 ‐54% $84,230 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44 276 40% $24,806 0.09 10.64 70.35 31.75 18,132 73% $51,920 0.05 6.11 1.54 15.32 Pipeline Transportation (486) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) Postal Service (491) 5,016 ‐50% $60,540 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85 Couriers and Messengers (492) 7,229 ‐20% $49,811 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Warehousing and Storage (493) 1,621 ‐37% $53,850 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21 5,703 ‐46% $106,424 0.01 0.00 0.00 40.24 20,626 ‐49% $133,819 0.02 0.01 86.61 37.35 10,418 15% $112,889 0.12 0.17 0.00 164.67 4,912 ‐27% $86,878 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 455 ‐70% $65,760 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12 4,881 25% $59,426 0.02 0.01 425.11 34.14 319 ‐53% $86,943 0.01 0.09 0.00 21.79 18,801 ‐39% $80,693 0.01 0.07 1023.90 18.26 11,084 29% $318,451 0.01 0.02 25.26 11.80 9,348 ‐49% $98,227 0.01 0.05 27.63 14.76 748 50% $93,742 0.00 0.00 18.57 23.97 17,329 13% $59,912 0.05 0.22 26.11 35.08 4,642 ‐8% $61,612 0.01 0.05 391.34 8.13 312 ‐9% $111,648 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60 91,582 36% $94,855 0.02 0.09 18.50 29.13 14,935 5% $107,446 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 56,318 2% $37,175 0.01 0.24 31.74 9.68 Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) Telecommunications (517) Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) Other Information Services (519) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) Real Estate (531) Rental and Leasing Services (532) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) C‐72 Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) Educational Services (611) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.5: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro 657 0% $41,295 0.03 42.60 9.72 485.13 122,717 ‐30% $56,204 0.06 1.19 127.62 44.38 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) 36,913 43% $59,361 0.02 0.48 216.62 18.12 Hospitals (622) 50,973 14% $68,035 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 14,667 8% $33,485 0.06 2.10 106.83 15.97 Social Assistance (624) 25,678 7% $41,152 0.01 0.56 82.25 9.83 11,081 69% $192,906 0.01 0.05 61.12 16.31 3,142 53% $47,715 0.12 0.98 56.84 98.44 13,579 11% $26,808 0.02 0.22 343.01 23.03 Accommodation (721) 14,703 ‐6% $31,775 0.15 4.01 257.52 33.11 Food Services and Drinking Places (722) 79,791 47% $19,470 0.07 2.10 1410.42 25.28 Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Repair and Maintenance (811) 8,036 ‐8% $34,465 0.02 1.13 396.16 28.62 Personal and Laundry Services (812) 14,447 25% $27,003 0.02 1.04 154.07 24.16 Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) 26,966 9% $47,548 0.03 2.36 179.23 29.70 Private Households (814) 35,689 322% $14,417 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21,310 ‐62% $63,609 0.25 14.99 151.36 98.38 62,013 37% $84,749 0.28 16.57 186.70 195.12 10,126 21% $74,110 0.30 17.94 188.74 117.79 47 ‐38% $96,814 0.14 7.79 136.63 55.15 2,031 ‐8% $72,637 0.25 14.99 143.46 98.38 8,012 44% $73,687 0.18 10.52 84.66 73.33 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 411 ‐80% $77,895 0.26 13.36 100.12 (r) 15,075 228% $61,838 0.10 5.51 84.87 21.77 Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) Space Research and Technology (927) National Security and International Affairs (928) Unclassified (999) C‐73 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐74 C.2.6 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.6: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo Crop Production (111) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Animal Production (112) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) Oil and Gas Extraction (211) Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Support Activities for Mining (213) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Utilities (221) Construction of Buildings (236) Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) Specialty Trade Contractors (238) 63 14% $76,902 1.50 258.59 0.00 1177.19 161 34% $36,356 0.38 0.08 0.00 107.15 28 ‐41% $105,249 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 . ‐ $36,075 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Food Manufacturing (311) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Textile Mills (313) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Textile Product Mills (314) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Apparel Manufacturing (315) 32 ‐54% $18,349 0.01 0.04 0.00 31.65 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Wood Product Manufacturing (321) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Paper Manufacturing (322) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) Chemical Manufacturing (325) C‐75 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.6: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Machinery Manufacturing (333) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 18 542% $36,026 0.04 1.11 0.00 36.60 53 ‐64% $75,223 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 98 137% $53,556 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 38 ‐8% $91,884 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 40 ‐17% $26,471 0.05 0.14 546.40 20.32 82 321% $15,653 0.04 0.10 210.58 14.87 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 262 ‐29% $24,598 0.04 0.11 417.97 16.01 Food and Beverage Stores (445) 390 29% $28,502 0.07 0.19 1192.50 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 88 ‐9% $43,929 0.08 0.20 890.16 20.82 Gasoline Stations (447) 33 ‐34% $21,665 0.20 0.52 3345.69 53.47 78 ‐8% $14,011 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 150 ‐39% $13,835 0.03 0.07 577.15 10.29 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) General Merchandise Stores (452) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 85 ‐29% $22,401 0.04 0.10 315.89 13.60 C‐76 Nonstore Retailers (454) (s) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.6: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Air Transportation (481) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Water Transportation (483) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Truck Transportation (484) 11 ‐7% $31,155 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Pipeline Transportation (486) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 105 60% $87,918 0.11 12.56 0.00 13.02 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) Postal Service (491) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Couriers and Messengers (492) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Warehousing and Storage (493) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 55 46% $35,596 0.01 0.00 0.00 31.88 41 ‐52% $71,661 0.02 0.01 856.05 33.00 Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Telecommunications (517) 71 ‐63% $70,928 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Other Information Services (519) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 192 ‐1% $52,481 0.01 0.08 1190.74 20.84 22 798% $50,501 0.01 0.02 28.76 11.80 109 ‐31% $66,849 0.01 0.05 27.48 14.83 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 171 11% $50,943 0.05 0.22 32.32 35.08 25 ‐57% $8,332 0.01 0.06 1111.53 12.93 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 481 53% $48,638 0.02 0.11 34.02 26.36 Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) Real Estate (531) Rental and Leasing Services (532) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) C‐77 Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.6: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 233 ‐44% $46,497 0.03 0.81 43.67 19.13 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 1,733 69% $50,485 0.02 0.45 152.28 17.20 454 16% $62,698 0.01 0.37 226.65 16.18 Hospitals (622) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 64 ‐92% $17,497 0.06 2.10 71.08 15.97 319 305% $23,199 0.01 0.34 192.48 9.52 32 219% $239,038 0.01 0.06 25.52 20.41 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 173 23% $19,761 0.02 0.22 321.06 22.50 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 1,301 23% $16,617 0.07 2.10 2409.13 25.28 107 ‐29% $27,194 0.02 1.57 757.97 25.92 130 ‐35% $21,425 0.02 0.68 278.92 19.36 276 ‐16% $14,391 0.07 4.39 563.75 38.68 373 88% $15,532 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Educational Services (611) Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) Social Assistance (624) Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Accommodation (721) Food Services and Drinking Places (722) Repair and Maintenance (811) Personal and Laundry Services (812) Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) Private Households (814) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) C‐78 Space Research and Technology (927) National Security and International Affairs (928) Unclassified (999) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.6: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 315 119% $47,393 0.08 4.14 63.78 16.36 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐79 C.2.7 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Crop Production (111) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.7: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG 1,174 ‐50% $26,555 0.65 31.42 0.00 116.84 Animal Production (112) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 103 0% $35,548 0.02 0.29 0.00 73.92 Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) Oil and Gas Extraction (211) Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) Support Activities for Mining (213) . ‐ ‐ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 194 ‐40% $76,898 1.67 3.19 0.00 178.13 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Utilities (221) 8,624 26% $97,428 43.56 879.98 0.00 9098.44 Construction of Buildings (236) 5,050 22% $54,861 0.34 0.08 0.00 87.32 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) 2,987 ‐19% $92,595 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.92 ‐ ‐ $49,056 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,784 ‐8% $42,340 0.34 8.34 26.75 968.45 674 ‐13% $75,057 0.68 19.08 0.00 839.20 Specialty Trade Contractors (238) Food Manufacturing (311) Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) Textile Mills (313) 456 ‐41% $25,744 0.47 18.85 0.00 185.16 Textile Product Mills (314) 435 ‐61% $42,796 0.22 4.01 0.00 134.72 Apparel Manufacturing (315) 5,642 ‐65% $31,838 0.02 0.10 0.00 57.77 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) 749 4% $28,612 0.04 0.13 0.00 148.61 Wood Product Manufacturing (321) 483 ‐36% $31,730 0.04 0.18 0.00 70.01 2,202 ‐38% $55,020 0.68 12.19 0.00 308.18 3,061 ‐39% $37,926 0.02 0.48 0.00 43.74 111 ‐94% $82,884 37.61 3497.19 0.00 (r) 2,665 ‐32% $50,625 1.46 38.67 0.00 548.36 Paper Manufacturing (322) Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) Chemical Manufacturing (325) C‐80 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.7: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG 4,172 ‐47% $37,756 0.18 1.48 0.00 176.91 638 ‐74% $42,629 0.27 12.73 0.00 501.93 Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) 2,392 ‐39% $45,608 0.50 25.50 0.00 615.64 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) 6,977 ‐35% $47,663 0.18 2.89 0.00 186.95 Machinery Manufacturing (333) 2,706 ‐46% $58,641 0.09 0.51 0.00 113.02 4,199 ‐62% $68,995 0.05 0.51 0.00 80.69 2,597 ‐49% $49,624 0.05 0.34 0.00 103.39 3,235 15% $77,529 0.14 1.60 0.00 154.21 2,488 ‐56% $37,000 0.04 0.19 0.00 46.67 3,950 ‐29% $52,470 0.05 1.49 0.00 72.28 19,822 0% $49,674 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 17,045 18% $46,402 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 3,991 36% $53,909 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 8,684 ‐11% $45,714 0.05 0.14 443.65 20.32 2,043 9% $26,454 0.04 0.10 242.65 14.87 3,199 ‐3% $41,185 0.06 0.16 424.87 22.79 4,086 ‐2% $29,435 0.04 0.11 491.22 16.01 Food and Beverage Stores (445) 17,618 19% $24,776 0.07 0.19 1426.78 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 5,441 26% $36,399 0.08 0.20 766.21 20.82 Gasoline Stations (447) 2,312 ‐10% $22,666 0.17 0.45 2925.49 52.37 6,494 30% $18,695 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 3,082 1% $18,515 0.03 0.07 671.93 10.29 General Merchandise Stores (452) 12,951 18% $20,855 0.04 0.10 592.94 14.09 Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 3,800 ‐4% $23,917 0.04 0.10 349.08 13.60 Nonstore Retailers (454) 1,434 41% $39,655 0.07 0.18 33.24 26.16 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) C‐81 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.7: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG Air Transportation (481) 48 56% $47,953 6.24 1442.02 249.34 (r) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Water Transportation (483) 97 1564% $41,811 0.33 76.18 3.26 1178.16 Truck Transportation (484) 4,615 ‐5% $37,640 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) 3,599 51% $32,599 0.71 126.82 28.18 223.84 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 90 ‐ $20,031 0.11 12.56 70.35 34.62 2,359 65% $42,880 0.11 12.56 4.08 14.88 3,288 ‐16% $60,824 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85 Couriers and Messengers (492) 1,739 ‐18% $43,839 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Warehousing and Storage (493) 4,029 17% $44,090 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21 1,104 ‐58% $59,905 0.01 0.00 0.00 34.63 1,229 19% $39,574 0.02 0.01 750.12 38.55 Pipeline Transportation (486) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) Postal Service (491) Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 435 4% $50,472 0.11 0.15 0.00 147.15 Telecommunications (517) 3,889 ‐17% $70,289 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) 1,592 23% $84,720 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12 Other Information Services (519) 1,660 167% $74,226 0.02 0.01 289.36 31.63 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 17,732 ‐7% $59,907 0.01 0.07 974.15 17.53 3,259 62% $117,155 0.01 0.02 26.22 11.80 7,801 ‐13% $59,687 0.01 0.05 24.71 14.86 253 ‐2% $45,252 0.00 0.00 22.05 23.97 Real Estate (531) 6,635 36% $39,195 0.05 0.22 28.27 35.08 Rental and Leasing Services (532) 2,167 1% $35,128 0.00 0.04 412.94 7.06 43 ‐61% $72,075 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60 34,808 26% $72,338 0.03 0.16 21.18 30.08 Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) C‐82 Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.7: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG 11,732 19% $97,871 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 34,185 ‐2% $31,100 0.01 0.26 43.61 11.25 1,992 57% $54,792 0.03 42.60 85.38 485.13 Educational Services (611) 62,695 ‐27% $46,471 0.05 0.98 141.28 36.99 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) 33,354 66% $53,848 0.02 0.49 202.05 18.24 Hospitals (622) 24,453 25% $62,139 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 17,497 34% $28,425 0.06 2.10 102.14 15.97 Social Assistance (624) 11,877 77% $26,304 0.01 0.49 114.73 9.75 2,565 ‐18% $72,610 0.01 0.03 110.51 11.30 293 81% $29,072 0.12 0.98 63.65 98.44 5,908 58% $18,656 0.02 0.24 288.76 24.04 4,478 13% $26,274 0.15 4.00 257.97 33.25 49,582 31% $15,804 0.07 2.10 1531.73 25.28 6,608 1% $32,964 0.02 1.07 357.61 28.02 5,507 26% $24,997 0.02 0.97 224.22 22.97 7,937 ‐17% $38,178 0.04 2.88 307.78 32.47 18,182 604% $11,406 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,766 ‐50% $59,405 0.25 14.99 177.26 98.38 1,364 3% $90,552 0.27 16.04 188.74 188.89 923 ‐2% $61,945 0.33 19.29 188.74 126.61 1,086 ‐38% $77,967 0.20 11.64 95.24 78.28 740 ‐59% $62,920 0.25 14.99 59.25 98.38 372 ‐9% $48,284 0.33 19.34 127.75 130.50 Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Accommodation (721) Food Services and Drinking Places (722) Repair and Maintenance (811) Personal and Laundry Services (812) Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) Private Households (814) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) C‐83 Space Research and Technology (927) National Security and International Affairs (928) Unclassified (999) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.7: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 17,700 185% $30,579 0.05 2.93 45.12 11.57 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐84 C.2.8 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Crop Production (111) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.8: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) . ‐ ‐ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 87 607% $43,444 0.04 0.61 0.00 74.23 Oil and Gas Extraction (211) 77 ‐5% $128,178 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47 Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Support Activities for Mining (213) 22 979% $51,537 1.35 0.06 0.00 342.50 Animal Production (112) Forestry and Logging (113) Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) Utilities (221) Construction of Buildings (236) Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) Specialty Trade Contractors (238) 527 2% $77,508 19.80 571.19 0.00 6311.56 1,341 ‐19% $70,408 0.37 0.08 0.00 103.89 343 4% $94,480 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 . ‐ $53,714 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261 ‐77% $25,760 0.13 3.30 137.55 206.98 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Textile Mills (313) 36 ‐65% $34,575 0.49 20.20 0.00 176.23 Food Manufacturing (311) Textile Product Mills (314) 18 ‐38% $39,822 0.12 2.19 0.00 104.94 597 ‐34% $49,865 0.01 0.05 0.00 43.72 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Wood Product Manufacturing (321) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Paper Manufacturing (322) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 369 ‐25% $46,328 0.02 0.42 0.00 39.51 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 260 47% $198,491 1.27 33.21 0.00 499.31 Apparel Manufacturing (315) Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) Chemical Manufacturing (325) C‐85 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.8: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities 35 ‐71% $52,515 0.13 0.83 0.00 138.00 49 13% $48,412 0.11 4.01 0.00 769.77 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 127 ‐32% $41,306 0.17 2.80 0.00 169.74 34 ‐83% $45,470 0.12 0.67 0.00 167.53 531 ‐63% $116,747 0.05 0.29 0.00 121.02 135 ‐57% $44,189 0.03 0.20 0.00 70.67 108 ‐13% $74,791 0.10 1.10 0.00 124.71 178 ‐53% $30,341 0.03 0.12 0.00 38.17 574 ‐60% $55,143 0.08 2.34 0.00 95.04 3,100 ‐19% $88,981 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 2,827 48% $60,600 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 1,138 159% $103,534 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 2,382 ‐10% $61,006 0.05 0.14 413.58 20.32 1,230 16% $35,287 0.04 0.10 231.25 14.87 1,927 93% $64,888 0.06 0.16 423.67 22.79 859 23% $47,977 0.04 0.11 567.14 16.01 Food and Beverage Stores (445) 4,192 17% $27,552 0.07 0.19 1433.38 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 1,785 17% $42,044 0.08 0.20 700.95 20.82 290 ‐31% $19,620 0.17 0.44 2843.76 52.15 5,592 24% $35,461 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 1,051 ‐35% $25,132 0.03 0.07 650.38 10.29 General Merchandise Stores (452) 3,610 24% $28,333 0.04 0.10 598.77 14.09 Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 1,352 ‐8% $41,256 0.04 0.10 341.32 13.60 Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) Machinery Manufacturing (333) Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Gasoline Stations (447) Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) C‐86 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.8: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities Nonstore Retailers (454) 462 8% $73,695 0.07 0.18 10.70 Air Transportation (481) 733 ‐43% $82,640 6.24 1442.02 243.37 (r) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Water Transportation (483) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Truck Transportation (484) 42 ‐3% $35,916 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) 1,291 71% $55,370 0.71 126.82 54.24 223.84 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 65 ‐45% $25,484 0.01 0.92 70.35 17.23 228 19% $52,607 0.10 11.65 8.17 16.96 13.85 Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) Pipeline Transportation (486) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) 26.16 Postal Service (491) 650 ‐6% $62,249 0.02 2.38 439.02 Couriers and Messengers (492) 399 ‐17% $41,915 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Warehousing and Storage (493) 39 32% $37,885 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21 1,910 2% $164,060 0.01 0.00 0.00 38.63 14,576 78% $135,503 0.02 0.01 26.58 36.70 Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 1,065 407% $131,506 0.08 0.11 0.00 115.53 Telecommunications (517) 1,316 ‐13% $86,947 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 421 18% $119,964 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12 2,843 739% $114,501 0.02 0.01 102.79 28.76 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) Other Information Services (519) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) 2,871 ‐18% $95,218 0.01 0.07 781.76 15.59 2,950 14% $199,004 0.01 0.02 25.31 11.80 1,183 ‐41% $94,823 0.01 0.05 27.98 14.70 127 193% $139,427 0.00 0.00 4.24 23.97 Real Estate (531) 6,075 14% $69,364 0.05 0.22 22.68 35.08 999 10% $43,385 0.00 0.04 408.42 6.96 103 ‐57% $112,643 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60 23,519 45% $104,655 0.03 0.12 16.77 35.48 Rental and Leasing Services (532) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) C‐87 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.8: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) 1,826 ‐3% $118,975 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 12,552 ‐19% $41,442 0.01 0.26 30.97 10.44 47 63% $50,366 0.03 42.60 0.00 485.13 Educational Services (611) 12,120 8% $44,384 0.04 0.75 164.29 29.90 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) 11,706 31% $67,055 0.02 0.40 218.83 16.81 Hospitals (622) 14,903 ‐6% $99,793 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 2,986 59% $31,581 0.06 2.10 107.43 15.97 Social Assistance (624) 3,132 107% $37,220 0.01 0.50 109.55 9.76 5,395 59% $270,418 0.01 0.07 9.41 21.20 168 ‐75% $58,802 0.12 0.98 211.44 98.44 1,457 ‐14% $22,822 0.02 0.26 386.42 27.06 8,899 23% $36,020 0.15 4.01 257.16 33.16 22,586 32% $21,866 0.07 2.10 1018.83 25.28 1,679 1% $30,884 0.02 1.32 578.68 27.14 5,255 14% $31,942 0.02 0.79 186.11 22.13 2,473 9% $54,008 0.05 3.37 325.56 34.42 5,825 100% $20,197 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,555 ‐26% $73,313 0.25 14.99 183.63 98.38 1,643 23% $105,857 0.29 17.25 188.74 203.20 238 ‐53% $75,121 0.06 2.93 188.74 26.04 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 330 4% $64,725 0.29 17.26 58.93 114.88 Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Accommodation (721) Food Services and Drinking Places (722) Repair and Maintenance (811) Personal and Laundry Services (812) Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) Private Households (814) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) C‐88 Space Research and Technology (927) National Security and International Affairs (928) Unclassified (999) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.8: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 2,987 341% $101,311 0.13 7.27 111.99 28.73 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐89 C.2.9 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Crop Production (111) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.9: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG 542 ‐14% $27,582 0.64 31.77 0.00 113.98 Animal Production (112) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 50 1575% $52,381 0.02 0.29 0.00 73.92 Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) Oil and Gas Extraction (211) 1,162 3159% $130,511 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47 Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Support Activities for Mining (213) 169 53% $86,468 0.36 0.05 0.00 74.90 Utilities (221) 775 ‐30% $88,990 28.67 699.69 0.00 7250.34 Construction of Buildings (236) 2,633 17% $55,629 0.36 0.08 0.00 94.94 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) 1,075 1% $73,062 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.92 ‐ ‐ $47,939 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,739 ‐11% $40,703 0.27 6.72 35.00 655.54 303 314% $62,741 0.28 6.45 0.00 597.74 Specialty Trade Contractors (238) Food Manufacturing (311) Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) Textile Mills (313) 420 ‐67% $43,838 0.38 16.66 0.00 139.25 Textile Product Mills (314) 257 ‐61% $34,848 0.19 2.65 0.00 104.79 1,154 ‐56% $62,853 0.03 0.12 0.00 77.44 85 ‐37% $32,663 0.02 0.07 0.00 103.53 Wood Product Manufacturing (321) 630 ‐25% $32,662 0.04 0.18 0.00 71.03 Paper Manufacturing (322) 401 ‐1% $47,312 1.15 17.58 0.00 375.60 1,585 ‐58% $47,551 0.02 0.51 0.00 46.48 1,350 32% $119,704 197.52 15778.67 0.00 (r) 1,453 ‐24% $56,948 1.80 66.15 0.00 691.08 Apparel Manufacturing (315) Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) Chemical Manufacturing (325) C‐90 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.9: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG 1,182 ‐29% $44,114 0.17 1.24 0.00 174.75 306 ‐49% $41,037 0.48 37.80 0.00 479.52 425 ‐56% $56,890 0.34 12.22 0.00 744.66 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) 6,130 ‐7% $57,012 0.15 2.18 0.00 160.10 Machinery Manufacturing (333) 1,275 ‐73% $58,488 0.09 0.44 0.00 117.50 19,594 ‐41% $108,020 0.08 1.07 0.00 90.39 1,148 ‐33% $56,854 0.07 0.43 0.00 119.88 18,118 23% $94,621 0.11 1.15 0.00 115.48 1,299 ‐49% $40,152 0.06 0.36 0.00 75.09 2,514 ‐21% $102,164 0.11 3.26 0.00 117.62 10,400 ‐26% $78,670 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 6,790 21% $48,231 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 1,743 100% $64,792 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 4,016 ‐9% $47,515 0.05 0.14 446.61 20.32 1,943 34% $33,512 0.04 0.10 243.80 14.87 1,948 ‐23% $62,840 0.06 0.16 424.92 22.79 2,462 40% $31,811 0.04 0.11 482.47 16.01 Food and Beverage Stores (445) 8,629 26% $31,343 0.07 0.19 1614.23 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 2,427 4% $37,777 0.08 0.20 792.92 20.82 Gasoline Stations (447) 1,458 6% $70,691 0.19 0.50 3220.67 53.14 4,604 34% $17,848 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 2,632 19% $18,090 0.03 0.07 538.30 10.29 General Merchandise Stores (452) 7,126 ‐13% $22,545 0.04 0.10 620.01 14.09 Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 1,674 ‐45% $24,849 0.04 0.10 331.38 13.60 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) C‐91 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.9: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG Nonstore Retailers (454) 1,486 ‐9% $55,765 0.07 0.18 41.73 26.16 Air Transportation (481) 622 ‐29% $61,549 6.24 1442.02 243.75 (r) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Water Transportation (483) 25 31% $46,004 0.33 76.18 0.00 1178.16 Truck Transportation (484) 3,137 3% $43,029 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) 2,360 22% $43,695 0.71 126.82 36.60 223.84 86 311% $83,353 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44 175 ‐5% $44,833 0.09 11.14 70.35 32.49 6,329 ‐6% $49,892 0.11 12.49 0.95 13.47 Pipeline Transportation (486) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) Postal Service (491) 1,914 ‐35% $60,563 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85 Couriers and Messengers (492) 1,899 ‐22% $40,692 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Warehousing and Storage (493) 2,316 87% $46,519 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21 1,229 ‐55% $84,022 0.01 0.00 0.00 48.36 766 9% $68,651 0.02 0.01 518.50 37.43 148 ‐88% $85,317 0.08 0.11 0.00 112.71 Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) Telecommunications (517) 5,919 91% $102,167 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) 780 34% $70,847 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12 Other Information Services (519) 740 68% $67,611 0.02 0.01 294.60 32.64 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) 6,517 3% $73,616 0.01 0.07 996.20 16.62 1,329 63% $109,119 0.01 0.02 21.37 11.80 2,337 ‐61% $76,898 0.01 0.07 29.50 14.04 128 97% $93,658 0.00 0.00 19.87 23.97 Real Estate (531) 4,432 15% $54,205 0.05 0.22 28.44 35.08 Rental and Leasing Services (532) 2,205 11% $54,469 0.00 0.04 360.06 6.89 66 ‐48% $62,735 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60 30,096 64% $115,476 0.03 0.14 19.36 32.78 Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) C‐92 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.9: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) 7,498 ‐20% $95,140 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 22,662 ‐12% $31,776 0.01 0.27 40.81 9.54 303 ‐66% $43,629 0.03 42.60 5.21 485.13 Educational Services (611) 23,923 ‐15% $45,081 0.04 0.70 145.74 26.88 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) 15,709 35% $53,048 0.02 0.52 202.74 18.88 Hospitals (622) 10,000 9% $55,631 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 5,872 17% $28,568 0.06 2.10 107.91 15.97 Social Assistance (624) 4,120 7% $27,006 0.01 0.45 135.58 9.69 1,446 ‐22% $154,743 0.01 0.03 100.63 11.88 54 ‐ $118,825 0.12 0.98 349.59 98.44 4,695 ‐3% $22,117 0.02 0.28 446.72 29.39 2,884 0% $24,006 0.15 4.00 258.69 33.17 28,212 32% $17,146 0.07 2.10 1572.51 25.28 3,306 ‐21% $33,373 0.02 1.05 369.98 27.99 4,390 41% $22,904 0.02 1.02 218.71 22.87 2,447 ‐35% $30,229 0.04 2.68 245.97 31.66 6,087 373% $15,107 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,574 ‐59% $68,383 0.25 14.99 172.04 98.38 1,328 ‐25% $91,516 0.45 26.38 188.74 310.66 329 10% $54,124 0.34 19.99 188.74 131.18 134 ‐27% $76,181 0.18 10.36 108.98 70.60 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 1,543 64% $106,454 0.08 3.89 188.74 34.57 Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Accommodation (721) Food Services and Drinking Places (722) Repair and Maintenance (811) Personal and Laundry Services (812) Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) Private Households (814) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) C‐93 Space Research and Technology (927) National Security and International Affairs (928) Unclassified (999) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Employment 2011 Table C.2.9: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 7,298 195% $46,349 0.05 2.89 44.54 11.42 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐94 C.2.10 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Crop Production (111) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.10: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG 395 ‐54% $25,272 0.52 65.46 0.00 Animal Production (112) 54 ‐6% $36,961 0.17 60.18 0.00 (r) Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 299 153% $24,829 0.03 0.37 0.00 74.00 390 ‐57% $151,947 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47 . ‐ ‐ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) Oil and Gas Extraction (211) Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) Support Activities for Mining (213) 181.81 875 48% $63,806 0.41 0.05 0.00 88.85 Utilities (221) 3,552 ‐13% $80,709 32.79 762.87 0.00 8,163.52 Construction of Buildings (236) 4,105 0% $57,659 0.35 0.08 0.00 85.54 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) 3,525 6% $75,834 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 . ‐ $53,136 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15,004 0% $43,731 0.23 5.85 23.86 606.22 1,644 148% $50,794 0.28 6.39 0.00 591.72 Specialty Trade Contractors (238) Food Manufacturing (311) Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) Textile Mills (313) 3,349 ‐28% $27,944 0.45 19.58 0.00 166.76 Textile Product Mills (314) 1,658 ‐67% $36,702 0.17 2.98 0.00 116.56 13,821 ‐48% $34,030 0.01 0.06 0.00 45.67 788 ‐40% $31,980 0.03 0.13 0.00 158.09 1,059 ‐41% $33,786 0.06 0.29 0.00 77.09 3,728 ‐45% $56,980 0.53 12.55 0.00 319.82 4,065 ‐53% $37,419 0.02 0.50 0.00 45.44 1,212 ‐53% $88,005 75.31 6088.93 0.00 (r) Apparel Manufacturing (315) Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) Wood Product Manufacturing (321) Paper Manufacturing (322) Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) C‐95 Chemical Manufacturing (325) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Employment 2011 Table C.2.10: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG 4,911 ‐28% $51,318 1.18 58.08 0.00 574.23 5,202 ‐43% $45,386 0.19 1.62 0.00 197.82 1,648 ‐47% $45,771 0.55 32.82 0.00 587.20 3,484 ‐31% $57,861 0.32 19.39 0.00 543.09 13,517 ‐28% $48,615 0.23 3.76 0.00 188.19 5,956 ‐37% $55,254 0.10 0.59 0.00 139.31 1,436 ‐71% $54,733 0.05 1.09 0.00 91.07 2,100 ‐23% $50,719 0.08 0.52 0.00 120.73 11,969 ‐70% $86,321 0.12 1.30 0.00 146.93 5,489 ‐52% $34,872 0.04 0.21 0.00 54.22 2,752 ‐37% $46,025 0.05 1.56 0.00 54.78 30,282 ‐14% $58,928 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 26,138 ‐17% $50,963 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 4,624 87% $53,733 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 8,132 ‐18% $45,386 0.05 0.14 453.57 20.32 1,793 ‐4% $32,715 0.04 0.10 255.20 14.87 2,388 23% $37,301 0.06 0.16 424.20 22.79 4,435 31% $32,455 0.04 0.11 480.07 16.01 Food and Beverage Stores (445) 16,170 ‐11% $27,740 0.07 0.19 1,554.59 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 5,077 15% $35,643 0.08 0.20 789.87 20.82 Gasoline Stations (447) 1,672 ‐41% $24,395 0.17 0.46 2,951.18 52.44 10,729 80% $17,964 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 3,053 ‐5% $18,957 0.03 0.07 833.33 10.29 14,647 3% $21,967 0.04 0.10 600.60 14.09 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) Machinery Manufacturing (333) Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) General Merchandise Stores (452) C‐96 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.10: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 5,644 17% $33,224 0.04 0.10 336.88 13.60 Nonstore Retailers (454) 1,716 22% $40,700 0.07 0.18 106.61 26.16 Air Transportation (481) 250 0% $68,219 6.24 1442.02 253.02 (r) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Water Transportation (483) 412 ‐67% $54,715 0.33 76.18 31.49 1178.16 Truck Transportation (484) 11,740 ‐7% $45,641 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) 3,426 ‐6% $33,887 0.71 126.82 24.44 223.84 297 ‐21% $116,245 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44 139 8% $30,866 0.04 4.92 70.35 23.20 12,519 25% $68,588 0.10 12.36 1.12 13.58 Postal Service (491) 3,694 ‐27% $58,648 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85 Couriers and Messengers (492) 4,079 ‐14% $37,236 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r) Warehousing and Storage (493) 6,242 1% $48,068 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21 747 ‐53% $40,326 0.01 0.00 0.00 34.91 1,066 27% $19,257 0.02 0.01 1127.34 34.80 Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) Pipeline Transportation (486) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 344 ‐16% $49,084 0.06 0.08 0.00 91.93 4,077 ‐27% $61,913 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) 455 14% $77,304 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12 Other Information Services (519) 393 23% $38,919 0.02 0.01 598.59 36.36 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 7,470 ‐8% $42,030 0.01 0.07 864.12 17.00 821 ‐82% $90,281 0.01 0.02 24.71 11.80 5,040 5% $62,257 0.01 0.05 28.71 14.95 105 14% $54,455 0.00 0.00 26.42 23.97 Telecommunications (517) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) Real Estate (531) 6,043 14% $44,991 0.05 0.22 27.86 35.08 Rental and Leasing Services (532) 2,893 ‐28% $48,821 0.01 0.05 310.23 8.15 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) C‐97 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.10: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG 23,867 44% $55,814 0.02 0.10 22.68 28.18 11,292 21% $72,471 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 48,577 1% $24,369 0.01 0.15 29.78 8.54 4,300 32% $57,418 0.03 42.60 23.53 485.13 Educational Services (611) 60,198 ‐53% $47,879 0.04 0.78 146.67 29.12 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) 29,380 25% $52,492 0.02 0.45 211.18 17.50 Hospitals (622) 24,066 ‐10% $59,389 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 12,540 63% $27,340 0.06 2.10 111.84 15.97 8,985 78% $27,149 0.01 0.51 108.43 9.76 739 82% $39,508 0.01 0.06 56.12 17.83 550 631% $30,643 0.12 0.98 295.51 98.44 9,424 18% $24,806 0.02 0.30 539.69 32.63 4,506 ‐26% $24,758 0.15 4.01 271.71 33.16 45,757 30% $16,340 0.07 2.10 1780.85 25.28 8,147 ‐8% $37,235 0.02 1.08 325.38 29.08 7,666 ‐2% $24,991 0.02 1.22 179.23 25.21 4,543 ‐33% $33,343 0.05 3.17 347.76 33.66 16,947 695% $12,952 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,975 ‐39% $51,933 0.25 14.99 174.61 98.38 4,117 7% $87,203 0.38 22.41 166.07 263.92 1,358 3% $66,289 0.30 17.52 188.74 115.03 814 42% $52,751 0.16 9.35 119.81 64.55 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Social Assistance (624) Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Accommodation (721) Food Services and Drinking Places (722) Repair and Maintenance (811) Personal and Laundry Services (812) Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) Private Households (814) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) C‐98 Administration of Economic Programs (926) Space Research and Technology (927) National Security and International Affairs (928) Unclassified (999) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.10: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG 722 4% $49,200 0.12 6.36 86.25 49.14 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 3,040 165% $86,465 0.11 5.43 23.12 (r) 15,995 119% $25,902 0.03 1.79 27.60 7.08 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐99 C.2.11 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“. Crop Production (111) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.11: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG 502 ‐1% $27,630 0.64 29.54 0.00 110.86 Animal Production (112) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 46 109% $24,409 0.02 0.29 0.00 73.92 Oil and Gas Extraction (211) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Support Activities for Mining (213) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Utilities (221) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Construction of Buildings (236) 704 ‐18% $46,804 0.38 0.08 0.00 105.22 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (237) 151 32% $80,033 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93 $40,511 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 554 8% $35,141 0.11 3.02 33.89 120.61 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry (115) Specialty Trade Contractors (238) Food Manufacturing (311) Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (312) Textile Mills (313) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Textile Product Mills (314) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Apparel Manufacturing (315) 77 61% $75,598 0.02 0.08 0.00 48.53 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (316) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Wood Product Manufacturing (321) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Paper Manufacturing (322) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 95 ‐55% $58,355 0.02 0.52 0.00 47.09 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Printing and Related Support Activities (323) Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324) Chemical Manufacturing (325) C‐100 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing (326) Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (327) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.11: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (332) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Machinery Manufacturing (333) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 1,045 ‐70% $150,574 0.07 0.52 0.00 151.45 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 179 11% $70,185 0.08 0.51 0.00 90.79 192 10% $46,715 0.06 1.68 0.00 114.32 829 ‐10% $88,770 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 561 ‐1% $76,852 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 239 41% $87,219 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78 474 127% $66,770 0.05 0.14 404.78 20.32 152 136% $31,602 0.04 0.10 258.87 14.87 189 34% $42,001 0.06 0.16 410.92 22.79 191 ‐39% $33,938 0.04 0.11 465.32 16.01 Food and Beverage Stores (445) 869 75% $29,854 0.07 0.19 1188.59 19.30 Health and Personal Care Stores (446) 325 66% $40,495 0.08 0.20 691.02 20.82 Gasoline Stations (447) 301 50% $28,846 0.19 0.50 3190.69 53.07 458 229% $30,940 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07 151 ‐34% $27,203 0.03 0.07 901.68 10.29 General Merchandise Stores (452) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 153 ‐26% $26,429 0.04 0.10 364.87 13.60 70 ‐54% $86,310 0.07 0.18 13.22 26.16 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing (334) Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing (335) Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (336) Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing (337) Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods (423) Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods (424) Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers (425) Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores (442) Electronics and Appliance Stores (443) Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers (444) Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448) Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451) Nonstore Retailers (454) C‐101 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.11: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG Air Transportation (481) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Rail Transportation (482) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Water Transportation (483) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Truck Transportation (484) 79 ‐74% $33,194 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r) Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (485) 104 646% $20,682 0.71 126.82 3.97 223.84 Pipeline Transportation (486) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 85 11% $65,000 0.11 12.56 7.03 16.22 108 ‐28% $57,985 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487) Support Activities for Transportation (488) Postal Service (491) Couriers and Messengers (492) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Warehousing and Storage (493) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 844 26% $93,858 0.01 0.00 0.00 37.32 539 81% $87,305 0.02 0.01 512.61 44.73 Publishing Industries (except Internet) (511) Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries (512) Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) Telecommunications (517) Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (518) Other Information Services (519) Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (521) Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (522) Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities (523) Insurance Carriers and Related Activities (524) Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (525) Real Estate (531) Rental and Leasing Services (532) Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) (533) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (541) 21 196% $177,743 0.14 0.20 0.00 185.66 643 180% $83,120 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 293 29167% $118,660 0.02 0.01 0.00 27.14 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 2,631 5% $112,009 0.01 0.06 688.22 14.75 319 190% $131,036 0.01 0.02 28.05 11.80 1,742 ‐16% $89,510 0.01 0.07 25.35 14.05 24 788% $63,017 0.00 0.00 7.46 23.97 1,064 46% $55,139 0.05 0.22 24.42 35.08 124 ‐20% $42,189 0.00 0.05 358.42 7.57 34 78% $123,817 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60 5,805 84% $81,961 0.02 0.11 30.71 24.80 C‐102 GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.11: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG Management of Companies and Enterprises (551) Administrative and Support Services (561) Waste Management and Remediation Services (562) 532 ‐36% $145,253 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66 3,506 23% $49,002 0.01 0.21 31.43 11.48 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Educational Services (611) 3,299 ‐4% $56,972 0.05 0.98 127.84 37.08 Ambulatory Health Care Services (621) 1,042 17% $67,533 0.02 0.54 246.17 19.32 Hospitals (622) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (623) 451 459% $35,597 0.06 2.10 100.97 15.97 Social Assistance (624) 388 ‐2% $29,024 0.01 0.47 124.91 9.70 360 121% $203,129 0.01 0.05 29.76 18.83 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 494 18% $21,418 0.02 0.23 312.34 22.48 536 132% $25,408 0.14 3.80 246.91 35.27 5,013 17% $26,034 0.07 2.10 1019.20 25.28 138 23% $32,300 0.02 1.19 550.20 26.54 459 52% $19,817 0.02 0.79 280.35 21.11 356 28% $39,058 0.03 2.38 208.57 30.87 428 28% $22,421 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 378 131% $44,203 0.25 14.99 188.74 98.38 (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries (711) Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (712) Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries (713) Accommodation (721) Food Services and Drinking Places (722) Repair and Maintenance (811) Personal and Laundry Services (812) Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (813) Private Households (814) Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government Support (921) Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (922) Administration of Human Resource Programs (923) Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (924) Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community Development (925) Administration of Economic Programs (926) C‐103 Space Research and Technology (927) National Security and International Affairs (928) Unclassified (999) GHG2011 Life cycle metric tons of co2‐equivalent emissions in 2011 Average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011 Direct metric tons of greenhouse gases per job 2011 Direct terajoules per job 2011 Average Wage 2011 Employment 2011 Industry Title & 4‐Digit Coding NAICS 2007 Change in Employment 1996‐2011 Table C.2.11: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) 1,273 165% $75,194 0.08 4.62 71.25 18.28 Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIOLCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. C‐104
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