1 2 April 2015 EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY ® M E M B E R O F T H E E S C J O U R N A L F A M I LY European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy 2015 Number 2 April Issue Editor-in-Chief: Professor Stefan Agewall www.shutterstock.com/ajt Associate Editors: Professor Dan Atar Professor Keld Kjeldsen Professor Basil Lewis 2 EHJCVP_1_2_Cover.indd 1 1 www.ehjcvp.oxfordjournals.org Submit your papers today at: www.editorialmanager.com/ehj-cvp/ 17/03/15 7:52 PM European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Professor Stefan Agewall, Oslo, Norway Professor Basil Lewis, Israel Professor Dan Atar, Norway Professor Keld Kjeldsen, Denmark EDITORIAL BOARD Angeles Alonso (Spain) Jeroen J Bax (the Netherlands) Deepak L. Bhatt (US) John Beltrame (Austria) Eugene Braunwald (US) John Camm (UK) Raffaele De Caterina (Italy) Claudio Ceconi (Italy) Robin Choudhury (UK) Castro Conde (Spain) Robert Doughty (New Zealand) Heinz Drexel (Austria) Morten Wang Fagerlund (Norway) Pasquale Perrone Filardi (Italy) Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece) Wolfgang-Michael Franz (Austria) Christian Funck-Brentano (France) Bernard Gersh (US) Evangelos Giannitsis (Germany) Wiek H van Gilst (the Netherlands) Robert P Giugliano (US) Shinya Goto (Japan) Chris Granger (US) Stefan Hohnloser (Germany) Steen Husted (Denmark) Stefan James (Sweden) Juan Carlos Kaski (UK) John J.P. Kastelein (the Netherlands) Sverre Kjeldsen (Norway) Gregory Lip (UK) Eliano Pio Navarese (Germany) Alexander Niessner (Austria) Lionel Opie (South Africa) Atul Pathak (France) Christian Torp Pedersen (Denmark) Fausto Pinto (Portugal) Bertram Pitt (US) Guiseppe Rosano (UK) Marc S. Sabatine (US) Raul Santos (Brazil) Gaetano Santulli (US) Harald Schmidt (the Netherlands) Udo Sechtem (Germany) Philippe Gabriel Steg (France) Simon Tabassome (France) Juan Tamargo (Spain) Hung-Fat Tse (Hong Kong (China)) Freek W.A. Verheugt (the Netherlands) Thomas Walther (Ireland) Sven Wassmann (Germany) Harvey White (New Zealand) Petr Widimsky (Czech Republic) Jose ´ Luis Zamorano (Spain) Faiez Zannad (France) Aims and Scope The European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy is an international, English language, peer-reviewed journal with a speciﬁc focus on clinical cardiovascular pharmacology. It is an ofﬁcial journal of the European Society of Cardiology and the Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. This quarterly journal aims to improve the pharmacological treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease through interpreting and integrating new scientiﬁc developments within this area. European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy will publish high quality original research, editorials, and reviews providing an avenue of communication in this ﬁeld to clinicians, academic and industry researchers, industry professionals, consultants, educators and policy makers. Subscriptions Institutional – Academic/Non proﬁt Print edition only: £415/E622/$788. † All orders are regarded as ﬁrm and subscription payments are not refundable after the ﬁrst issue has been dispatched or online access has been activated. † All prices shown above are exclusive of any taxes. † All subscriptions are entered on a calendar year basis running from January to December. † All prices include standard delivery. Full pre-payment in the correct currency is required for all orders: † USD ($) for orders delivered to USA or Canada † EUR (E) for orders delivered within Europe (excluding UK) † GBP (£) for orders delivered elsewhere Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, UK. Tel: + 44 (0)1865 354767; Fax: +44 (0)1865 353774; E-mail: [email protected]. Instructions for authors Full instructions for manuscript preparation and submission can be found through the European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy home page at: http://www.ehjcvp.oxfordjournals.org/. Environmental and ethical policies Oxford Journals, a division of Oxford University Press, is committed to workingwith the global community to bring the highest quality research to thewidest possibleaudience.Oxford Journals willprotect the environment by implementing environmentally friendly policies and practiceswherever possible. Please see http://www.oxfordjournals.org/ethicalpolicies.html for further information on environmental and ethical policies. Drug disclaimer The mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations, and the inclusion of advertisements in the journal does not imply endorsement by the European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, the editors, the editorial board, Oxford University Press or the organization to which the authors are afﬁliated. The editors and publishers have taken all reasonable precautions to verify drug names and doses, the results of experimental work and clinical ﬁndings published in the journal. The ultimate responsibility for the use and dosage of drugs mentioned in the Journal and in interpretation of published material lies with the medical practitioner, and the editors and publisher cannot accept liability for damages arising from any error or omissions in the journal. Please inform the editors of any errors. Supplements, reprints and corporate sales For requests from industry and companies regarding supplements, bulk article reprints, sponsored subscriptions, translation opportunities for previously published material, and corporate online opportunities, please e-mail [email protected], fax + 44 (0)1865 353774 or visit http://www.oup.com/corporate_services/index.html. Material disclaimer The opinions expressed in the European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy are those of the authors and contributors, and do not necessarily reﬂect those of the European Society of Cardiology, the editors, the editorial board, Oxford University Press or the organization to which the authors are afﬁliated. Digital object identiﬁer (DOI) For information about DOIs and to resolve them, please visit http:// www.doi.org/ Permissions For information on how to request permissions to reproduce articles/ information from this journal, please visit http://www.oxfordjournals. org/access_purchase/rights_permissions.html. # The European Society Pharmacotherapy 2015 Advertising Advertising, inserts and artwork enquiries should be addressed to Advertising and Special Sales, Oxford Journals, Oxford University Press, of Cardiology - Cardiovascular All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publishers, or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P9HE, or in the USA by the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923.