Gender and Sexuality in Postwar Japan Dr. Emma Cook [email protected] Course Description: The aims of this course are to give a broad overview of gender, sexuality and society with a particular focus on contemporary Japanese society. We will explore a variety of ethnographic and theoretical materials (including readings and films) on how gender and sexuality has been culturally constructed and experienced in the socio-historical context of postwar Japan. We will also analyse how ethnographic studies can qualify and inform questions about gender in society. Therefore the course, whilst focusing mostly on Japan, will also be inherently comparative in context and scope. Timetable There will be one 90-minute class per week combining both lecture and discussion. Learning Outcomes (Class Goals) By the end of the course students should be able to: 1. Understand and critically analyse some of the main debates in the anthropology of gender. 2. Have a clear understanding of the various ways in which gender and society intersect in Japan. 3. Students will be able to critically analyse the ‘everyday’: those events that initially appear so normal that they do not warrant analysis. 4. Students will learn to ask critical questions in this course instead of focusing only on coming up with answers. Evaluation Criteria: This course is evaluated on class participation and coursework. Class participation is based on submitted discussion questions, and reading presentation; coursework is based on one 2000-2500word essay and weekly reflection comments. 1) Class Participation (50%) a) Discussion Questions (15%) All students are required to send me (to [email protected]) at least one open-ended discussion question by 5pm each the day before class. If you are late with your question you will not get credit for it. These questions should not be fact based. If you could Google your question and get the answer then this is not a discussion question. I am not looking for ‘correct’ answers, but questions that reflect your thoughts and critiques that came up as you were reading the texts. 1 Note on Required Readings: All the required readings are available for download from my website: http://www.emma-e-cook.net. Go to the ‘Teaching’ Section and click on the class name (Gender and Sexuality in Postwar Japan). The password for accessing these readings is: gender b) Reading Presentations (20%) Most weeks we will discuss one reading in-depth. Each student will take it in turns to give a short summary of the main points of the reading and to start and lead the discussion. c) Weekly Reflection Comments (15%) Students are required to write short reflection comments at the end of each class that critically consider what we have discussed. 2) Coursework (50%) a) Essay: One 2000-2500 word essay is required. A list of essay questions will be distributed during the term. Due Date: 5 p.m. on 23rd July 2015 (by email) Deadlines: All assessed work must be emailed to me by the deadline stated. If you hand in work late without consultation, 2% will be deducted from your grade per day that it is late. Academic Honesty and Plagiarism All work you hand in must be written in your own words. If you summarise an author’s work you must refer to that author in your text and include them in your bibliography. Any quotes you use from a book or journal must be referenced (stating the author, date of publication and page number). If you copy any part of a book or article without referencing it or if you copy another student’s work you will be engaging in plagiarism, which is dishonest and constitutes cheating. If it is discovered that you have plagiarised you will be given 0 points for the report or essay in which you have plagiarised. 2 Weekly Schedule Week 1: Introduction to the Course 16th April 2015 This class will introduce the course objectives and evaluation criteria. We will start to ask: What is gender? What is a gender role? What is sexuality? The lecture will provide an introductory context of debates of gender, sex and sexuality and asks why it is important to look at these in the context of social life. No readings are due in Week 1 Week 2: Nature vs. Culture and Japanese Feminism 23rd April 2015 We start off this week by looking at one of the major debates regarding gender, that of the nature/culture debate. We will start to explore whether gender is biologically or culturally constructed, and what the significance of this debate has been in understandings of sex and gender theoretically. We then turn to begin looking at the Japanese context. We will explore the emergence of feminism in Japanese society and the role of Japanese feminism in shaping contemporary gender ideals. Required Reading: 1. Moore, Henrietta. 1994 ‘Understanding Sex and Gender’ in Ingold, T (eds.) Companion Encyclopaedia of Anthropology. London, New York: Routledge. Read at least pages 813-816 and pages 821-825. Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: Brettell, C.B. & C.F. Sargent (eds). 1996. Gender: in Cross-Cultural Perspective. N.J.: Prentice Hall. Esp. Part IV. ‘The Cultural Construction of Gender and Personhood’. Chiyo Saito, Interview and “What is Japanese Feminism?,” in Sandra Buckley (ed.), Broken Silence: Voices of Japanese Feminism, pp. 257-270 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997). Chizuko Ueno, Interview and “Are the Japanese Feminine? Some Problems of Japanese Feminism in its Cultural Context, “ in Sandra Buckley (ed.), Broken Silence: Voices of Japanese Feminism, pp. 293-301 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997). Dales, Laura. 2009. Feminist Movements in Contemporary Japan. London: Routledge. Fujieda, Mioko. 2011. ‘Japan’s First Phase of Feminism’ In Fujimura-Fanselow, Kumiko (ed). Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making A Difference. The Feminist Press. (Chapter 22). Mackie, V. 2003. Feminism in Modern Japan: Citizenship, Embodiment, and Sexuality. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. Martin, Emily. 1991. "The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles." Signs 16(3): 485-501. 3 Ortner, Sherry “Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture?” Feminist Studies, Autumn, 1972, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 5-31. Shigematsu, Setsu. 2012. Scream from the Shadows: The Women’s Liberation Movement in Japan. University of Minnesota Press. Strathern, M 1980 'No nature, no culture: The Hagen case'. In C. MacCormack and M. Strathern (eds), Nature, Culture and Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Week 3: Gender in the Family, Education and Work 30th April 2015 This week we’ll be covering a lot of ground looking at gender in three spheres: family, education and work. We do this because in postwar Japanese society gender roles have been constructed largely in terms of ‘complementary incompetence’ (Edwards 1990). Of particular interest this week is how people are gendered via processes of socialisation within the family, within the education system and within work. We will look at the postwar period and explore the changes that have occurred with regards to gender, and how tax and welfare policy has helped to reinforce specific gendered roles in the home and workplaces. We will also look at the Equal Employment Opportunity Law, company practices, and employee experiences. Required Readings: 1. Nakatani, Ayami. 2006. ‘The Emergence of ‘nurturing fathers’: Discourses and practices of fatherhood in contemporary Japan.’ In Rebick, M & Takenaka, A. The Changing Japanese Family. London and New York: Routledge. 2. Nakano, Lynne. 2014. ‘Single Women in Marriage and Employment Markets in Japan’, in Kawano, Satsuki, Glenda S. Roberts and Susan O. Long. Capturing Contemporary Japan. Pp.163-182. Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: Aiba, Keiko and Amy Wharton. 2001. "Job-Level Sex Composition and the Sex Pay Gap in a Large Japanese Firm." Sociological Perspectives 44:67-87. Allison, A. 1991. 'Japanese mothers and Obentō’s: The lunch box as ideological state apparatus’, Anthropological Quarterly, 64(4): 195-208. Carroll, Tessa 2006. ‘Changing Language, gender and family relations in Japan’ In Rebick, M & Takenaka, A. The Changing Japanese Family. London and New York: Routledge. Cook, Emma 2013. ‘Expectations of Failure: Maturity and Masculinity for Freeters in Contemporary Japan.’ Social Science Japan Journal. Vol. 16 pp. 29-43 Creighton, M.R. 1994 ‘"Edutaining" children: consumer and gender socialization in Japanese marketing’ in Ethnology 33(1). 4 Hara, Kimi and K. Fujimura-Fanselow. 2011. ‘Educational Challenges Past and Present’ In Fujimura-Fanselow, Kumiko (ed). Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making A Difference. The Feminist Press. (Chapter 5) Hidaka, Tomoko 2010 'Masculinity and the Family System: The Ideology of the ‘Salaryman’ across Three Generations' in Ronald, R & A. Alexy (eds.) Home and Family in Japan: Continuity and Transformation. London: Routledge Macnaughtan, H. 2006. 'From 'Post-war' to 'Post-Bubble': Contemporary Issues for Japanese Working Women', in P. Matanle and W. Lunsing (eds.), Perspectives on Work, Employment, and Society in Japan, Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Miura, M. 2012. Welfare Through Work: Conservative Ideas, Partisan Dynamics, and Social Protection in Japan. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Nemoto, Kumiko 2012. 'Long Working Hours and the Corporate Gender Divide in Japan' in Gender, Work and Organization Nemoto, Kumiko 2010. ‘Sexual Harassment and Gendered Organizational Culture in Japanese Firms.’ In Williams, C and Dellinger, K (eds.) Gender and Sexuality in the Workplace Osawa, M. 2001. 'People in Irregular Modes of Employment: Are They Really Not Subject to Discrimination?', Social Science Japan Journal, 4(2): 183-199. Ronald, R & A. Alexy (eds.) 2010. ‘Introduction: Continuity and Change in Japanese Homes and Families’ in Home and Family in Japan: Continuity and Transformation. London: Routledge. Taga, F. 2003. 'Rethinking Male Socialisation: Life Histories of Japanese Male Youth', in K. Louie and M. Low (eds.), Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan London and New York: Routledge. White, Bruce. 2010. 'Reassembling Familial Intimacy: Civil, Fringe, and Popular Youth Visions of the Japanese Home and Family' in Ronald, R & A. Alexy (eds.) Home and Family in Japan: Continuity and Transformation. London: Routledge. Week 4: Reproduction and Technology 7th May 2015 The first half of the lecture will focus on ideals of marriage in Japan and how these ideals have been gendered. The second half of the lecture will look at the increasing role of technology in reproduction in Japan, focusing on the increased up-take of IVF and the issues surrounding surrogacy. We will also ask what role reproductive technology has in the creation of gender ideals – does it give women freedom over their bodies? Does it limit women to being procreators? How does it affect masculinities? What affect(s) does reproductive technology have on the construction of gendered identities? Required Reading: 1. Kato, M and M Sleeboom-Faulkner 2012 'Ova collection in Japan – making visible women's experience in male spaces' in Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography Discussion Question Due 5 Recommended reading: Franklin, S and H. Ragone (eds.) 1998 Reproducing Reproduction: Kinship, Power and Technological Innovation Franklin, S. and M. McNeill 1988 ‘Recent literature and current feminist debates on reproductive technologies’. Feminist Studies 14: 545-560 Fujioka, Chisa. 2008. ‘Japan's surrogate mothers emerge from http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/03/13/us-japan-surrogate-idUST3565520080313 shadows’. Haraway, D. 1988 ‘Situated knowledges: the science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective’. Feminist Studies 14: 575-599. Haraway, Donna. J. 1991. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. Free Association Books. Chapter 8 Hayden, C. 1995 ‘Gender, genetics, and generation: reformulating biology in lesbian kinship’. Cultural Anthropology 10: 41-63 Kato, M and M Sleeboom-Faulkner 2011. 'Meanings of the embryo in Japan: narratives of IVF experience and embryo ownership' in Sociology of Health & Illness Vol 33 Issue 3 pp.434-447 Kessler, S. 1990 ‘The medical construction of gender: case management of intersexed infants’. Signs 16: 3-26 Martin, E. 1991 ‘The egg and the sperm: how science has constructed a romance based on stereotyped male-female roles’. Signs 16: 485-501 Moore, L. 2002 ‘Extracting men from semen: masculinity in scientific representations of sperm’. Social Text 20: 91-119 Oudshoorn, Nelly 2004. ‘"Astronauts in the Sperm World": The Renegotiation of Masculine Identities in Discourses on Male Contraceptives’ in Men and Masculinities 2004(6). Rapp, R. 2000 Testing Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America. Shapiro, Eve. 2010. Gender Circuits: Bodies and Identities in a Technological Age. London and New York: Routledge. Chapters 1, 3 and Review Stolcke, V. 1986 ‘New Reproductive Technologies – Same old Fatherhood’. Critique of Anthropology 6: 5-31 Strathern, M. 1995. ‘Nostalgia and the new genetics’. In D. Battaglia (ed.) Rhetorics of Self-Making, pp. 97-120 Week 5: Masculinities 14th May 2015 This week we move onto a specific discussion of masculinities. We will start out by looking theoretically at masculinity: specifically the idea of hegemonic masculinity. We will then look at masculinities in the Japanese context and discuss what repercussions there may be on individuals when they don’t or can’t live up to normative expectations of gendered behaviour. We will also 6 touch on the emergence of the men’s movement in Japan and their relation to feminism. Finally, we will introduce ideas of female masculinity and ask if there can be masculinity without men. Required Readings: 1. Connell, R. W. and James W. Messerschmidt. 2005. ‘Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept,’ Gender and Society, 19(6): 829-859. 2. Roberson, J.E. 2003. 'Japanese Working Class Masculinities: Marginalized Complicity', in Roberson, J.E and N. Suzuki (eds.), Men and Masculinities in Contemporary Japan: Dislocating the Salaryman Doxa. London and New York: Routledge. Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: Allison, Anne 1994. Nightwork: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pages: 1-76. Connell, R. W. 1995. Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press. Introduction and Chapter 3. Dasgupta, R. 2003. 'Creating Corporate Warriors: The "Salaryman" and Masculinity in Japan', in K. Louie and M. Low (eds.), Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan. London ; New York: Routledge. Dasgupta, R. 2012. Re-reading the Salaryman in Japan: Crafting Masculinities (Routledge/Asian Studies Association of Australia (ASAA) East Asian Series) Dowd, N. 2010. The Man Question. New York University Press Halberstam, J. 2002. ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Men, Women and Masculinity,’ in Gardiner, Judith Kegan (ed.) Masculinity Studies and Feminist Theory: New Directions. New York: Columbia University Press. Pp 344-368. Halberstam, J. 1998. Female Masculinity. Durham [N.C]; London: Duke University Press. Introduction. Hidaka, T. 2010. Salaryman Masculinity: The Continuity and Change in Hegemonic Masculinity in Japan. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishing. Ito, Kimio. 2011. ‘The Formation and Growth of the Men’s Movement’. In Fujimura-Fanselow, Kumiko (ed). Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making A Difference. The Feminist Press. (Chapter 9) Light, R. 2003. 'Sport and the Construction of Masculinity in the Japanese Education System', in K. Louie and M. Low (eds.), Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan, London; New York: Routledge. Louie, K. 2003. 'Chinese, Japanese and Global Masculine Identities', in K. Louie and M. Low (eds.), Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan, London ; New York: Routledge. 7 McLelland, M. 2003. 'Gay Men, Masculinity and the Media in Japan', in K. Louie and M. Low (eds.), Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan, London; New York: Routledge. McLelland, M. 2005. 'Salarymen Doing Queer: Gay Men and the Heterosexual Public Sphere in Japan', in M. J. McLelland and R. Dasgupta (eds.), Genders, Transgenders and Sexualities in Japan London: Routledge. Roberson, James and Nobue Suzuki (eds) 2003. Men and Masculinity in Contemporary Japan: Beyond the Salaryman Doxa. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon. – Any/All chapters. Smith, R. J. 1987. 'Gender Inequality in Contemporary Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, 13(1): 1-25. Taga, F. 2005. 'Rethinking Japanese Masculinities: Recent Research Trends', in M. McLelland and R. Dasgupta (eds.), Genders, Transgenders and Sexualities in Japan, London and New York: Routledge. Week 6: Power, Resistance and Gender 21st May 2015 This week we will query: What is power and resistance and how is it gendered? Why is it important to explore resistance and power through the lense of gender? We will do this through a critical viewing of the 2008 documentary: Japan, a Story of Love and Hate Class Viewing & Discussion: Japan, a Story of Love and Hate Required Reading: 1. Ogasawara, Yuko. 1998. Office Ladies and Salaried Men: Power, Gender, and Work in Japanese Companies. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chapter 5. Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: Saba Mahmood. 2005. Politics of Piety: The Islamic revival and the feminist subject. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Chapter 1. Strobel, Margaret and Nupur Chaudhuri, (eds), 1992. Western Women and Imperialism: Complicity and Resistance. Bloomington, Indiana Press. Vij, R. 2013. 'Affective Fields of Precarity: Gendered Antinomies in Contemporary Japan', Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 38(2): 122-138. Week 7: Commercialization and Fantasy: Hosts at Work 28th May 2015 Through the viewing of a documentary this week we will consider the role of fantasy and commercialisation in gender. 8 Class Viewing and Discussion: The Great Happiness Space Recommended reading: Takeyama, Akiko 2010 “Intimacy for Sale: Masculinity, Entrepreneurship, and Commodity Self in Japan’s Neoliberal Situation.” Japanese Studies 30(2): 231-246. Takeyama, Akiko 2005. “Commodified Romance in a Tokyo Host Club.” In Mark McLelland and Romit Dasgupta (eds.) Genders, Transgenders and Sexualities in Japan New York: Routledge. Week 8: Politics and Civil Action (Tues) 9th June 2015 This week we look at gender, politics and civil action in Japan. Questions we will consider are: How is political action linked to ideas of feminism in Japan? How are political actions gendered? Who gets involved in civil action and volunteering and how are sites of civil action gendered? Required Reading: 1. LeBlanc, Robin. M. 2010. The Art of the Gut: Manhood, Power, and Ethics in Japanese Politics. University of California Press. Chapter 1. Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: Kunihiro, Yoko. 2011. ‘The Politicization of Housewives’. In Fujimura-Fanselow, Kumiko (ed). Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making A Difference. The Feminist Press. Chapter 24 LeBlanc, Robin M. 1999. Bicycle Citizens: The Political World of the Japanese Housewife. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Chapters 1 and 4. LeBlanc, Robin. 2000. “Reconceiving Community: Pedaling and Peddling Democracy Among Japanese Housewives.” In Social Structures, Social Capital, and Personal Freedom, ed. Peter Lawler and Dale McConkey (Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2000), pages 31-42. Pharr, Susan 1981. “The Background to the Contemporary Struggle: Gaining Political Rights in Japan,” Political Women in Japan Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 15-41 Week 9: Gender, Race and Nation 11th June 2015 This week we’ll explore how gender, race, and nation become entangled as categories. Required Readings: 1. Kondo, Dorinne 1999. “Fabricating Masculinity: Gender, Race, and Nation in a Transnational Frame” In, Caren Kaplan, Norma Alarcón, Minoo Moallem, eds. Between Woman and Nation: Nationalisms, Transnational Feminisms, and the State. Durham: Duke University Press. Pages: 296-319. 9 2. Aoyama, Kaoru. 2011. ‘Migrants and the Sex Industry’ In Fujimura-Fanselow, Kumiko (ed). Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making A Difference. The Feminist Press. (Chapter 20). Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: Abu-Lughod, Lila. 2002. "Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological reflections on cultural relativism and its others." American Anthropologist 104(3): 783-790. Back, L. 1994. 'The 'White Negro' Revisited: Race and Masculinities in South London', in A. Cornwall and N. Lindisfarne (eds.), Dislocating Masculinity: Comparative Ethnographies London: Routledge. Kanitkar, H. 1994. ''Real True Boys': Moulding the cadets of imperialism', in A. Cornwall and N. Lindisfarne (eds.), Dislocating Masculinity: Comparative Ethnographies London: Routledge. Smith, Valerie 1998. Not Just Race, Not Just Gender: Black Feminist Readings. London: Routledge. Selections. Stoler, Ann Laura 2002 Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule. Berkeley, University of California Press Suzuki, Nobue. 2007. ‘Marrying a Marilyn of the Tropics: Manhood and Nationhood in FilipinaJapanese Marriages’. Anthropological Quarterly. Spring, Vol. 80 Issue 2, pp.427-454 Week 10: Essay Preparation 18th June 2015 This week you have the time to begin working on your essays. You can use class time either in the classroom, at the library or elsewhere. Week 11: Sexualities and Sexual Rights 25th June 2015 This week we turn to lesbian, gay and transgender experiences. With strong heternormative ideals, how do people construct alternative gendered and sexual identities in Japan? Required Reading: 1. Sugiura Ikuko 2011. ‘Increasing Lesbian Visibility’ in Fujimura-Fanselow, Kumiko (ed). Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making A Difference. The Feminist Press. (Chapter 12). Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: McLelland, M. 2003. 'Gay Men, Masculinity and the Media in Japan', in K. Louie and M. Low (eds.), Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in China and Japan, London; New York: Routledge. 10 McLelland, M. 2005. 'Salarymen Doing Queer: Gay Men and the Heterosexual Public Sphere in Japan', in M. J. McLelland and R. Dasgupta (eds.), Genders, Transgenders and Sexualities in Japan London: Routledge. Week 12: Gender, Sex and the Body 2nd July 2015 This week we ask: What is the relationship between gender, sex and the body? Why do bodies matter? Why have sex and gender been taken as one and the same for so long? We’ll link back to the nature-culture debate this week but take it further and look at the body and science’s role in gendering the body, and how these ideas play out in ideas of gender, looking specifically at issues of body ideals. Required Reading: 1. Aiba, Keiko 2011 “Japanese Women Professional Wrestlers and Body Image” in FujimuraFanselow, Kumiko (ed). Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making A Difference. The Feminist Press. (Chapter 19) Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: Fausto-Sterling Anne. 1997. “How to build a man”, in Roger Lancaster and Micaela di Leonardo (eds.) The Gender / Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy. London, Routledge. Chapter 16 Laqueur Thomas 1987 “Discovery of the sexes”, in Making Sex: body and gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. Chapter 5 Martin, E 1997 "The end of the body?". In Lancaster, R & M di Leonardo (eds.) The Gender and Sexuality Reader. Routledge McDowell, Deborah E. 1997 "Pecs and reps: Muscling in on Race and the Subject of Masculinities", in Stecopoulos, Harry and Uebel, Michael (eds) Race and the Subject of Masculinities Duke University Press Rhode, Deborah L. 1997 "The ideology and biology of gender difference", in Speaking of sex: The denial of sex equality, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Chapter 2 Schiffellite, Carmen 1987 "Beyond Tarzan and Jane Genes: Toward a critique of biological determinism", in Kaufman, Michael (ed) Beyond patriarchy: Essays by Men on Pleasure, Power and Change, New York: Oxford University Press Sheehan Elizabeth 1997 “Victorian clitoridectomy”, in (eds) Lancaster, R & M di Leonardo (eds.) The Gender and Sexuality Reader. Routledge Wacquant LJD 1995 "Pugs at work: bodily capital and bodily labour among professional boxers". Body and Society 1, 1: 65-93. 11 Week 13: Performativity 9th July 2015 What does gender performativity mean? Here we examine Judith Butler’s ideas of the performativity of gender, and explore the difference between ideas of ‘performance’ and ‘performativity’. Required Reading: 1. Chinn, Sarah. E. ‘Gender Performativity’ in Medhurst, A & S. Munt (eds) Lesbian and Gay Studies: A Critical Introduction Discussion Question Due Recommended reading: Alexeyeff K 2000 ‘Dragging Drag: The Performance of Gender and Sexuality in the Cook Islands’. Australian journal of Anthropology. Butler, Judith 1993 Bodies that matter: on the discursive limits of sex. Routledge. Busby, Celia 2000. The Performance of Gender. Athlone, London. Butler, Judith. 1997 Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. Routledge: NewYork, London. Good, Lizbeth 1998 (ed). The Routledge Reader in Gender and Performance, New York: Routledge. Harris, Geraldine 1999 Staging Femininities: Performance and Performativity. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Kondo, Dorinne. 1990. "M. Butterfly: Orientalism, Gender, and a Critique of Essentialist Identity." Cultural Critique 16:5-29. Lott, Eric. 1997. "All the King's men: Elvis impersonators and white working-class masculinity", in Stecopoulos, Harry and Uebel, Michael (eds.) Race and the Subject of Masculinities, Duke University Press Miller, Laura. 2003. "Male Beauty Work in Japan." In James Roberson and Nobue Suzuki (eds.) Men and Masculinities in Contemporary Japan: Dislocating the Salaryman Doxa. London: Routledge. Pages: 37-58. Morris, R. 1995. ‘All Made Up: Performance Theory and the New Anthropology of Sex and Gender’, in Annual Review of Anthropology, 24:567-592. Parker Andrew and Eve Sedgwick 1995 Performativity and Performance, London, Simpson Mark 1994 Male Impersonators: Men Performing Masculinity. London, Routledge. Week 14: Essay Peer Review 16th July 2015 This week you have the opportunity to discuss your essay with one of your peers in order to get feedback on your essay before handing it in. You are expected to have exchanged essays with the 12 person you are working with before class today to get feedback on the essay within class time. You then have a week to finalise your essay before submitting it for grading. Week 15: Performativity in Shinjuku? 23rd July 2015 Class Viewing and Discussion: Shinjuku Boys (No Reading or Discussion Question Due) Essay Due: To be emailed by 5 p.m. on 23rd July 2015. 13
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