1. No category

naTela maRlakeliZe, nino jaSi, nino Todua
qarTuli ena da
literatura
7
maswavleblis wigni
grifi mieniWa 2012 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis saministros ssip _ ganaTlebis xarisxis
ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier
gamomcemloba `meridiani~
Tbilisi 2012
qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebi
VII klasi
maswavleblis wigni
avtorebi:
naTela maRlakeliZe, nino jaSi, nino Todua
redaqtori
neli elizbaraSvili
dizaineri
daviT kutubiZe
ISBN 978-9941-10-536-4
gamomcemloba `meridiani~,
Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 239-15-22, 214 77 11
E-mail: [email protected]
© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012
© n. maRlakeliZe, n. jaSi, n. Todua
N. Maglakelidze, N. Jashi, N. Todua
`Georgian Language and Literature~, the Book of the Teacher 7, in Georgian
`Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012
meToduri miTiTebani maswavleblebisaTvis:
saswavlo kompleqsi Sedgeba ori komponentisagan:
a) moswavlis wigni,
b) maswavleblis wigni.
`moswavlis wigni _ qarTuli ena da literatura, VII klasi~ Sedgenilia ganaxlebuli
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da cdilobs, daicvas is moTxovnebi, rac gaTvaliswinebulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartis mixedviT. sakiTxavi masalis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebuli
savaldebulo literatura:
1. i. abaSiZe, `xma katamonTan~;
2. i. gogebaSvili, `burji erovnebisa~ (miTiTebuli nawyveti);
3. m. javaxiSvili, `miwis yivili~;
4. galaktioni, `Sindisis Wadrebi~;
5. ilia, `bazaleTis tba~;
6. akaki, `ganTiadi~;
7. vaJa, `damsetyve, cao~;
8. S. niSnianiZe, `cotne dadiani~;
9. m. lebaniZe, `odesme didi yofila saqarTvelo~;
10. i. gogebaSvili, `Sinauri mimoxilva~ (miTiTebuli nawyveti);
11. kolau nadiraZe, `25 Tebervali~;
12. m. gelovani, `nu mwer~;
13. n. SataiZe, `mogzauroba afrikaSi~;
14. r. inaniSvili, `Citebis gamomzamTrebeli~;
15. daviT guramiSvili, `dinari~;
16. sulxan-saba orbeliani, igavebi: `mocinari da motirali~, `kaci da gveli~, `keisris
magistrosi~;
17. n. dumbaZe, `korida~.
sakiTxavi masalis nawili SerCeulia Cven mier. es aris:
1. `cremlnarevi interviu~ (publikacia);
2. n. dumbaZe, `helados~;
3. n. dumbaZe, `samSoblo~;
4. s. kldiaSvili, `erisTavi cotne~;
5. daumarcxebeli aseuli (sagazeTo publikacia, gaz. `24 saaTi~);
6. g. doCanaSvili, `iq, mTis gadaRma~;
7. Cesterfildi, `werilebi vaJiSvils~;
8. gi de mopasani, `mindvrebSi~;
9. otia ioseliani, `epitafia~;
10. s. kldiaSvili, `ZvelisZveli ambavi~;
11. g. Coxeli, `wertili da mZime~;
12. n. dumbaZe, `Cemi rusTaveli~;
13. SoTa rusTaveli, `Sairoba~;
14. `leqsi vefxvisa da moymisa~ (xalx.);
15. `Semomeyara yivCaRi~ (xalx.);
16. jek londoni, `mawanwala da feria~;
17. r. inaniSvili, `kedeli~;
18. m. maWavariani, `Sen, sisxlo Cemo...~
3
teqstebi dalagebulia Tematur-budobrivi principis mixedviT. es budeebia:
I. `fesvebi~
II. `vis hqvia patrioti?~
III. `isev golgoTa, sisxli da cremli..~
IV. `mamebi da Svilebi~
V. `aqeT ki marto saxeli gvrCeba...~
VI. `winaparTa Segonebani~
VII. `puri mTxova da vaWmie...~
sakiTxavi masalis damuSaveba gaTvaliswinebulia interaqtiuri meTodebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac xels Seuwyobs, erTi mxriv, kiTxvis strategiebis dauflebas, meore mxriv
ki _ moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT aqtivizacias. am mizniT meTodur aparatSi teqstis kiTxvadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi dalagebulia Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT
(faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli), gaviazroT (analizze orientirebuli), SevafasoT
(Sefasebasa da sinTezze orientirebuli).
vecadeT, literaturul masalasTan mWidro kavSirSi warmogvedgina enobrivi masalac. aq yuradReba gamaxvilebulia rogorc teqstis enobriv-stilistur Taviseburebebze
(ix. rubrika `enobriv mxareze dakvirveba~), ise _ praqtikuli stilistikis, leqsikologiis,
orTografiis, punqtuaciis sakiTxebze (ix. rubrika `mSobliuri enis samyaroSi~). enobriv
masalaze muSaobisas viyenebT e. w. `enaze dakvirvebis~ meTods, rac uzrunvelyofs moswavlis aqtiur CarTvas sagakveTilo procesSi da amave dros, aiolebs Teoriuli definiciebis miwodebas iq, sadac es aucilebelia. vecadeT, rom Teoriuli masalis miwodeba
maqsimalurad SegvezRuda da wina planze wamogvewia calkeuli gramatikuli kategoriebis funqciuri aspeqtebi. am TvalsazrisiT aris ganxiluli wignSi metyvelebis nawilebi.
maTi gacnobisas wina planze dgeba praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba da ara saTanado wesebisa da gansazRvrebebis meqanikuri dazepireba (rac arcTu usafuZvlod miiCneva
Cvens skolebSi gramatikuli masalis swavlebis ZiriTad naklad). am mizniT amave rubrikaSi warmodgenili gaxlavT orTografiuli, punqtuaciuri, leqsikologiur-stilisturi
savarjiSoebi, romelTa nawili maswavleblis miTiTebiT sruldeba klasSi, nawili ki Sin
Sesasruleblad aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
sakiTxav teqstebs axlavs saweri davalebebi. vecadeT, rom es davalebebi sakmaod
mravalferovani da moswavleTaTvis saintereso yofiliyo. Cveni azriT, aq warmodgenili
saweri davalebebi xels Seuwyobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli weris
strategiebis dauflebas. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vamaxvilebT funqciuri weris elementebze. Tu maswavlebeli arasakmarisad CaTvlis am savarjiSoebs, ra Tqma unda, mas
SeuZlia maTi Secvla da gamravalferovneba sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.
`maswavleblis wigni~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. masSi mocemulia mxolod ramdenime sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari. scenarebSi CavrTeT is uaxlesi
meTodebi, romelTa didi nawili axla ikidebs fexs da SesaZloa, am kuTxiT saintereso
aRmoCndes maswavleblisaTvis. TiToeuli scenaris bolos miTiTebulia `mosalodneli
Sedegebi~, rac saTanado kodiT aris aRniSnuli (am kodiT aRniSnuli Sedegi maswavlebels
SeuZlia ixilos VII klasis `sagnobriv standartSi~). ra Tqma unda, aq warmodgenili `scenarebi~ mxolod saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. pedagogs SeuZlia Secvalos Tavisi
Sexedulebisamebr meTodi, saaTebisa da saorientacio drois ganawileba, aqtivobebi...
aqve CavurTeT is sainformacio masalac, romelic SesaZloa, maswavlebels dasWirdes
ama Tu im teqstis damuSavebisas. SevniSnavT, rom es `damatebiTi informaciebi~ mxolod
maswavleblisaTvis aris gankuTvnili. pedagogis gadasawyvetia, ra saxiT gamoiyenebs mas
gakveTilze.
4
gakveTilis masala: saswavlo wlis dasawyisi, ir. abaSiZis `xma katamonTan~; enis
raoba, enis funqciebi (2 sT)
miznebi:
• gabmuli metyvelebis ganviTareba;
• mxatvruli teqstis gaazreba;
• poeturi teqstis aRqma da mxatvrul saxeebze dakvirveba;
• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba;
• moswavleTa mier informaciis gaziareba;
• konteqstis Sesabamisad moswavleTa sametyvelo qcevis warmarTva;
• kiTxvis strategiebis miznobrivad gamoyeneba;
• jgufTan (partniorTan) muSaoba;
• enis funqciebze dakvirveba, dedaenis raoba.
I_II gakveTili1
aqtivoba 1. klasis mobilizeba: gakveTili ramdenadme aratradiciulad iwyeba _ es
aris saswavlo wlis dasawyisi da bunebrivia, sagakveTilo drois mniSvnelovani nawili
klasis mobilizebas daeTmoba.
aqtivoba 2. zafxulis STabeWdilebebi: dasrulda kidev erTi sazafxulo ardadegebi.
ecadeT da Tqvens partniorTan erTad aageT teqsti, pasuxi gaeciT Semdeg kiTxvebs (davaleba sruldeba wyvilebSi):
_ ra ganwyobiT brundebiT skolaSi?
_ ra siaxleebi dagxvdaT?
_ rogor afasebT am siaxleebs?.. (SegiZliaT kiTxvebi Tavadac daamatoT, teqsts saTauric Tavad SeurCieT)
moswavleebs am davalebis Sesrulebamde urigdebaT e. w. `samaxsovro~ (es `samaxsovro~ SeiZleba klasSic gaikras TvalsaCino adgilas):
moifiqreT saTauri
winaswar SeadgineT gegma
gaakeTeT Savi Canaweri
waikiTxeT da CaasworeT
waukiTxeT Tqvens amxanagebs
moismineT maTi Sefaseba...
aqtivoba 3. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba: maswavlebeli klass uCvenebs palestinaSi jvris
monastris kedelze gamosaxuli SoTa rusTavelis cnobili freskis fotoasls (am mizniT
SeiZleba gamoviyenoT proeqtori).
svams SekiTxvas: ra smeniaT am suraTis Sesaxeb.
maswavleblisaTvis:
am suraTze rusTaveli gamosaxulia or wmindans: maqsime aRmsarebelsa da ioane
damaskels _ Soris. maqsime aRmsarebeli: 580-662 ww. bizantieli moazrovne da RvTismetyveli, sasuliero piri, 653 w. Seipyres, 662 w. saxelmwifo Ralati daswames da ena da marjvena
xeli mohkveTes.
ioane damaskeli cxovrobda da moRvaweobda 675-753 ww. bizantieli RvTismetyveli,
filosofosi da mwerali, 732 w. aRikveca berad ierusalimSi, sadac gaaCaRa salit. moRvaweoba. gardacvalebis Semdeg, 754 w. igi saeklesio krebam SeaCvena xatTayvaniscemisaT1. radgan es pirveli gakveTilebia axal saswavlo wels, amitom saWirod ar vcaniT aqtivobebis
gamoyofa zusti sagakveTilo drois miTiTebiT.
5
vis. literaturis istoriaSi igi Sevida rogorc mravali saeklesio sagaloblis avtori.
es suraTi bolo wlebSi sastikad daazianes da Semdeg aRadgines.
daismis kiTxvebi:
_ Tqveni azriT, raze migviTiTebs palestinaSi jvris monasterSi gamosaxuli rusTavelis freska?
_ ra gsmeniaT SoTa rusTavelis cxovrebis Sesaxeb?
teqstis kiTxvamde aixsneba sityva `katamonTan~ (katamoni _ adgilis saxelwodebaa
palestinaSi, jvris monastris maxloblad, sadac, gadmocemis mixedviT, sicocxlis bolo
dReebi gaatara da aResrula SoTa rusTaveli).
aq maswavlebeli akeTebs mokle eqskurss imis Sesaxeb, rom, xalxuri gadmocemis mixedviT, rusTaveli Tavisi sicocxlis miwuruls berad aRikveca da cxovrebis bolo wlebi
palestinaSi, qarTvelTa monasterSi gaatara; amaze metyvelebs es suraTic. samSoblodan
mocilebuli poetis gancdebia gamoxatuli swored irakli abaSiZis leqsSi `xma katamonTan~.
aqtivoba 4. teqstis kiTxva da mis gamomsaxvelobiT mxareze dakvirveba:
maswavlebeli teqsts kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT, Tu saSualeba aqvs, moasmeninebs
guram saRaraZiseul variantsac, Semdeg moswavleebs akiTxebs mas ramdenjerme, sagangebo
yuradReba eqceva gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvas. yuradReba maxvildeba: a) intonaciaze, b)
fsiqologiur maxvilebze (maxvili keTdeba sityvebze: `enav Cemo~, `Sen Cemo niWo~...), logikursa da gramatikul pauzebze (romlebic aq zogjer erTmaneTs ar emTxveva)...
_ ratom hqvia am leqss `xma katamonTan~? (xalxuri gadmocemis mixedviT, rusTaveli
sikvdilis win iq imyofeboda, aq aRikveca berad da aqve aResrula).
_ visi gancdebia am leqsSi gadmocemuli? (aq klass vawvdiT lirikuli gmiris cnebas:
am leqsis lirikuli gmiri SoTa rusTavelia, swored misi gancdebia leqsSi gamoxatuli).
_ bolomde ra SerCa `samaris pirTan~ mdgar poets? (dedaena).
_ ra sityvebiT moixseniebs poeti qarTul enas? moZebneT da waikiTxeT leqsSi saTanado striqonebi (`Sen Cveno niWo, srbolav da frenav~... `Sen kiro Cveno qvaTa da kirTa~...).
_`Sen kiro Cveno qvaTa da kirTa~, _ am striqonSi rasTan aris Sedarebuli mSobliuri
ena? rogor fiqrobT, ratom iyenebs am Sedarebas poeti? (dedaena, poetis azriT, kiriviT
mtkicea da gamZle).
_ `Sen akvnis himno, cremlo samaris~, _ weria leqsSi. Tqveni azriT, ra igulisxmeba `akvnis himnSi~? `samaris cremlSi~?(iavnana, datireba _ rogorc wesi, orive mSobliur
enaze sruldeba).
_ leqsSi gamoxatulia samSoblosagan mocilebuli poetis gancdebi. sad, romel
striqonebSi, Cans es yvelaze ukeT? (`naTesavs aTass, megobars aTass... mSvidoba vuTxar
yvela mokvdavTa~...).
_ leqsis mixedviT, mSobliuri ena maradiuli Rirebulebaa. moZebneT da waikiTxeT
saTanado striqonebi (`mxolod Sen SemrCi samaris pirad~... `mxolod Sen ukvdavs, mxolod
Sen marads, Sen _ erTs, Sen ver gTmob samaris karad~).
_ gaixseneT, ras ewodeba riTma. moZebneT leqsSi riTmis nimuSebi (enav_frenav, malamo_malamo...).
_ leqsSi poeti xSirad iyenebs antonimebs. moZebneT da waikiTxeT es adgilebi (`mrudsa da marTals, mterTa da ZmaTa~... `Sen, mware lxino, tkbilo sevdao~...).
_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom mimarTavs poeti am xerxs? (faqtebis, movlenebis dasapirispireblad, meti sicxadisaTvis, saTqmelis ufro naTelsayofad).
aqtivoba 5. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba: enis raoba, enis funqciebi, dedaenis raoba .
_ leqsis mixedviT, mSobliuri ena maradiuli Rirebulebaa. moZebneT da waikiTxeT
saTanado striqonebi (`Sen erTi SemrCi samaris pirTan~, `mxolod Sen ukvdavs, mxolod Sen
marads, Sen _ erTs, Sen ver gTmob samaris karad~...).
_ romel enas miiCnevs SoTa rusTaveli Tavis dedaenad? (`iberis ena, ena Tamaris~...).
6
_ rogor fiqrobT, romel enas uwodeben dedaenas? (moswavleebs eZlevaT azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmisa da dasabuTebis SesaZlebloba).
_ ra hqvia dedaenas rusulad? inglisurad? germanulad? gaixseneT, ra Sesatyvisebi
aqvT am enebs dedaenis gamosaxatavad ? (`mother tongue~, `native language~ _ ingl., `muttersprache~_ germ., `hjlyjq zpsr~_ rus.).
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis:
mecnierebi ZiriTadad enis or funqcias: azris gamoxatvisa da sakomunikacios _
gamoyofen; Tumca enaTmecnierTa erTi nawili enis saSemecnebo funqciasac gamoyofs. am
Sexedulebis warmomadgenelni Tvlian, rom yovel enaSi mocemulia samyaros aRqmisa da
Semecnebis garkveuli modeli, romelic TiToeul enaSi Taviseburia da ar emTxveva arc
erT sxva models (ena msoflxatia). enebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba ara mxolod imiT,
rom sxvadasxva bgeradobis sityvebiT aRniSnaven erTsa da imave cnebas, aramed imiTac,
rom am enaze molaparakeTaTvis TviT es cnebebia gansxvavebuli da sxvadasxva mimarTeba
aqvT momijnave cnebebTan. sailustraciod kmara TviT sityva `dedaenac~, romelic `mSobliuri enis~ aRsaniSnavad moepoveba qarTuls _ gansxvavebiT sxva enebisagan, sadac igive
cneba gamoixateba frazebiT: `pirveli ena~, `sabaziso ena~, `mSobliuri ena~ (g. ramiSvili,
dedaenis Teoria, Tb., 2000 w. gv, 12-13).
sainteresoa dedaenis fenomenis Sesaxeb mecnierTa Sexedulebani. aq ZiriTadad SeiZleba gamovyoT ori radikalurad gansxvavebuli mosazreba: a) axlad dabadebuli bavSvi
enobrivi TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens `sufTa dafas~; mas aqvs unari, SeiTvisos nebismieri
ena, romelic mas dabadebidanve esmis, romel enobriv koleqtivSiac is izrdeba. misTvis
nebismieri ena SeiZleba gaxdes mSobliuri. b) ena garkveuli TvalsazrisiT genetikuri movlenaa da axlad dabadebuli bavSvi winaswar aris `daprogramebuli~ saimisod, rom ama Tu
im enaze ametyveldes (d. slobini, n. naTaZe, g. nebieriZe...). sainteresoa am sakiTxze pedagogikis klasikosTa Sexedulebani. k. uSinskis azriT, dedaena organul kavSirSia bavSvis
sulier ganviTarebasTan; dedaenis SeswavliT bavSvi Seimecnebs samyaros iseTad, rogoradac is am enaze mosaubre xalxs aqvs Semecnebuli. aseTive Sexedulebis gaxldaT dedaenis raobaze i. gogebaSvilic, romlis azriTac, dedaena ar aris tansacmeli, romlis gamocvla da axleburad gamoWrac SeiZleba, `dedaenas Rrmad aqvs gadgmuli fesvebi adamianis
tvinSi, nervebSi, xmis organoebSi, Zvalsa da rbilSi, mTels mis bunebaSi~ (i. gogebaSvili,
rCeuli ped. Txzulebani, 1977, gv. 141).
aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: leqsi zepirad, yuradReba miaqcion gamometyvelebiT kiTxvas. weriTi davaleba maswavlebels SeuZlia SearCios Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr.
Sedegebi:
VII-2, VII-3, VII-6, VII-7, VII-9, VII-10.
maswavleblisaTvis: gTavazobT damatebiT informacias i. gogebaSvilis publicisturi werilisaTvis `burji erovnebisa~.
`burji erovnebisa~ _ ase uwoda i. gogebaSvilma dedaenas, romelsac eZRvneba misi
fuZemdebluri mniSvnelobis mqone Sroma. igi saTauriT `ZiriTadi ukuRmarToba~ daibeWda jer gazeT `mwyemsSi~ (1890 w. #12, 17, 19, 20), Semdeg _ gazeT `iveriaSi~ (1890 w. #100104) iakob svimoniZis fsevdonimiT. imave saTauriT calke wignad daibeWda 1892 w., xolo
Secvlili saTauriT _ `burji erovnebisa~ _ 1903 w.
statia exeba im droisaTvis metad aqtualursa da mtkivneul sakiTxs _ mSobliur enaze swavla-ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas Cveni qveynisaTvis.
1878 w. kavkasiis saswavlo olqis ufrosad dainiSna k. p. ianovski. aqedan daiwyo qarTul enaze Setevisa da didi represiebis xana. Tavdapirvelad mis daniSvnas qarTveli inteligencia didi imedi Sexvda, fiqrobdnen, rom igi Tavis winamorbedze _ neverovze _
ukeTesi iqneboda da `erTmaneTSi ar aurevda ganaTlebasa da politikas~. magram ianovskis
7
mmarTvelobis periodSi qarTuli ena mTlianad gaZevebul iqna skolidan, ufro metic _
moswavleebs aukrZales qarTuli wignebis kiTxva. saswavlo olqi yovelwliurad adgenda klasgareSe sakiTxavi literaturis sias da am CamonaTvalSi qarTuli wignebis Setana kategoriulad aikrZala. bunebrivia, am faqtma mowinave qarTuli sazogadoebis didi
winaaRmdegoba gamoiwvia. qarTul presaSi ibeWdeboda i. WavWavaZis, s. mesxis, al. mirianaSvilis, l. bocvaZis... mamxilebeli statiebi. bunebrivia, am sakiTxs gverds ver auvlida
i. gogebaSvili, romlis mTeli moRvaweobac swored mSobliur enaze swavla-ganaTlebis
upiratesobas emyareboda.
es statia sayuradReboa im mxrivac, rom aq didi pedagogi ganixilavs ara mxolod
mSobliuri enis, aramed ucxo enebis swavlebis mniSvnelobasac, exeba ori an meti ucxo
enis erTdroulad swavlebis mavneblobas; miiCnevs, rom ucxo enis (meore enis) Seswavla
unda daviwyoT mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac davrwmundebiT, rom `dedaenam Rrmad gaidga
fesvebi bavSvis sulier bunebaSi~.
8
gakveTilis masala: galaktion tabiZis `Sindisis Wadrebi,~ jvaredini riTma, mimarTva,
bolosarTebiT sityvaTa warmoeba
miznebi:
• poeturi teqstis aRqma;
• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis gamomuSaveba, intonaciis saSualebiT nawarmoebSi
asaxuli ganwyobis gadmocema;
• diskusiis xelovnebis TandaTanobiT daufleba, sametyvelo qcevis warmarTva miznisa da konteqstis Sesabamisad;
• wakiTxulis Sefaseba da daskvnebis gamotana;
• kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba;
• teqstis enobriv mxareze dakvirveba;
• weris strategiebis daufleba;
• bolosarTebiT axali sityvebis Sedgenaze dakvirveba da saTanado daskvnebis gamotana.
I gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5 wT).
aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisTvis mzadeba - gamowveva (5-7 wT). Seswavlili nawarmoebebis mixedviT
vsaubrobT ucxoeTSi gadaxvewil qarTvelTa sevdaze, monatrebaze. moswavleebi ayalibeben TavianT mosazrebebs.
maswavlebeli mokled mimoixilavs galaktion tabiZis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisTvis: nodar dumbaZis mogoneba _ `Cemi galaktioni~: galaktioni is poetia, romelic ver SemaZula saskolo qrestomaTiam da romlis
xelaxla Seyvareba ar damWirvebia aTwledis damTavrebis Semdeg. igi mudam CemTan iyo. mas
xativiT Tavisi kuTxe hqonda miCenili Cvens saxlSi da CemTvis uzomod didi bedniereba
iyo misive xatTan, magidaze gaSlil misive wignSi locvasaviT sufTa da wminda leqsebis
kiTxva.
... danaSauli, romelzec axla mogaxsenebT, xandazmulia da amitom vbedav gamxelas:
1945 wels plexanovze bukinists Tvalsa da xels Sua avacale galaktionis ydagacrecili
rCeuli, romelic 100 maneTi Rirda da saxlSi misulma usindisod davawere _ `Cemi galaktioni~.
amave wels meRirsa galaktionTan Sexvedra. Semdeg es Sexvedra odnav Secvlili saxiT, roman `mzian RameSi~ aRvwere. kidev erTi Sexvedra mqonda galaktionTan CemTvis friad RirsSesaniSnavi.
veraze wignebis maRaziaSi lermontovs vkiTxulobdi.
_ gamarjoba, Zamiko, _ momesalma zurgsukan viRac. movixede, galaktioni iyo (am
droisaTvis ukve mcnobda batoni galaktioni).
_ gamarjoba, batono galaktion! lermontovi gamosula qarTulad, unda viyido,
Tqvenc xom ar gnebavT? _ vkiTxe da jibeze gavikari xeli.
_ wamodi, Zamiko, CemTan! _ galaktionma mklavSi gamiyara xeli da veris bazris gverdiT ludxanaSi Semiyvana.
im wignis sayidel fulsac da zog sxvasac wirva gamovuyvaneT, galaktionma loyaze
xeli momiTaTuna da RimiliT miTxra:
_ lermontovi, puSkini da tolstoi rusulad unda ikiTxo, Zamiko, galaktioni ki qarTulad, mxolod qarTulad.
da marTlac, ra uzenaesi bednierebaa, rodesac galaktions qarTulad kiTxulob. da
ra ubedurebaa, rodesac puSkins ver kiTxulob rusulad.
9
me Tu mkiTxaven, vityvi: galaktionis dabadebis dRidan dedamiwis zurgze misi simaRlis poets ar gauvlia da, rom galaktioni aris geni rusTavelisa, meoce saukuneSi gaRviZebuli da mzemde aRzevebuli.
aqtivoba 3. teqstis kiTxva _ gaazreba (10-15 wT). am dros maswavleblis nimuSi Zalian
mniSvnelovania.
gaazreba:
_ ra grZnoba eufleba ucxoeTSi gadaxvewil qarTvels Sindisis Wadrebis gaxsenebisas? (am leqsis lirikuli gmiri daRonebulia. enatreba SindisSi nanaxi wyvili Wadari,
romelic TiTqos samSoblos simbolos warmoadgens misTvis Soreul ucxoeTSi).
_ ra gancdas iwvevs masSi samSoblos mogoneba? (igi siyrmis wlebSi brundeba da enatreba yvelaferi, rac maSin iyo).
_ rogor xatavs igi samSobloSi gatarebul siyrmis wlebs? vavalebT moswavleebs
amoikiTxon es adgilebi teqstidan ( `TqvenTan rbiodnen…...).
_ ratom Caesmis lirikul gmirs am Wadrebis Sriali „rogorc tirili da sayveduri?
(Sors myof poets aqvs erTgvari danaSaulis gancda imis gamo, rom Tavis qveyanaSi ar aris,
amitom mis warmosaxvaSi Wadrebi mamulis saTqmels gamoxataven, TiTqos sayveduroben mitovebis gamo).
_ ras uwodebs igi Tavis Tavs? (`uTvistomo da garewari~).
_ Tqveni azriT, ratom moixseniebs igi sakuTar Tavs ase? (am epiTetebiT avtori Tavs
moixseniebs imitom, rom Tavisi qveyana datova, rom mis Wirsa Tu sixaruls ver iziarebs).
_ misi ra gancda Cans am sityvebSi? (sinanuli). am gancdis safuZveli ra aris? (ucxoobaSi yofna, samSoblodan siSore).
aqve SeiZleba mivceT axali cneba _ nostalgia: sevda, gamowveuli samSobloSi dabrunebis SeuZleblobiT (berZn. nostos _ Sin dabruneba, algos_ tanjva, tkivili).
_ rogor fiqrobT, ra Sefasebas aZlevs am sityvebiT igi ucxoeTSi gatarebul wlebs?
(aRiqvams, rogorc fuWad, amaod gatarebul dros).
moswavleebs vaZlevT azris damoukideblad gamoTqmis saSualebas.
aqtivoba 4. minidiskusia (5-7 wT). gaimarTeba diskusia moswavleebs Soris, aris Tu ara
msgavseba am leqsis lirikul gmirsa da andro kaiSaurs (nikoloz bestavaSvils) Soris ?
moswavleebi ayalibeben TavianT mosazrebebs da maT amyareben argumentebiT.
aqtivoba 5. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba (7-10 wT).
a) moswavleebs vakvirvebT teqstze, vavalebT moZebnon leqsSi epiTeti, metafora da
is striqonebi, romlebic erTmaneTs eriTmeba.
amis Semdeg vaZlevT ganmartebas jvaredini riTmis Sesaxeb.
moswavleebi ixseneben ra aris mimarTva, romel brunvaSi dgas igi, metyvelebis ra
nawiliT gadmoicema... klass vaZlevT mimarTvis ganmartebas (wodebiT brunvaSi dasmul
saxels mimarTva ewodeba).
g) klass vakvirvebT sityvaTa warmoqmnaze: badri (rogori?) da badreba(ra?)
varkvevT metyvelebis ra nawilebia?(zedsarTavi, arsebiTi). vaskvniT, rom bolosarTiT erTi sityvidan meore miiReba. aqve vasrulebT saxelmZRvaneloSi moTavsebul savarjiSos: _ -eba, -oba bolosarTebiT vawarmooT axali sityvebi.
10
aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT).
Seswavlili teqstebis („miwis yivili,~ `cremlnarevi interviu~ da „Sindisis Wadrebi~)
mixedviT daweron `samSoblodan gadaxvewilTa sevda~.
Sedegebi:
VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.
VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis
gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.
VII. 12. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi normebis dacva.
11
gakveTilis masala: i. WavWavaZis `bazaleTis tba~, arsebiTi saxeli (2 sT).
miznebi:
• poeturi teqstis aRqma;
• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis gamomuSaveba;
• wakiTxulis Sefaseba da daskvnebis gamotana;
• kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba;
• teqstis enobriv mxareze dakvirveba;
• paralelebis gavleba Seswavlil lit. nawarmoebebTan Janris, Temisa da problematikis mixedviT;
• weris strategiebis daufleba;
• fuZekumSvad da fuZeukumSvel arsebiT saxelze dakvirveba da saTanado daskvnebis
gamotana.
I gakveTili
aqtivoba1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5-7 wT.).
aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisTvis mzadeba _ gamowveva (7-10 wT). ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma klass uCvenos bazaleTis tbis suraTi.
_xom ar SegiZliaT amoicnoT am suraTebiT romeli tbaa es? ra iciT am tbis Sesaxeb?
sad mdebareobs?..
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis:
bazaleTis tba mdebareobs q. duSeTis samxreTiT 5 km-ze. zRvis donidan 879 m. zedapiris farTobi 1,22 km2, maqsimaluri siRrme 7 m, wylis moculoba daaxloebiT 4 mln. m3. tbis
qvabuli warmoiSva bazaleTis vakis samxreT-dasavleT nawilis muldisebri gaRunvis Sedegad.
sazrdoobs atmosferuli naleqebiTa da droebiTi nakadebiT. maqsimaluri done _
ivnisSi, minimaluri _ oqtomberSi. ianvarsa da TebervalSi tba dafarulia yinuliT, romlis sisqe zamTarSi 0,5 m-mde aRwevs. ivlisSi wylis temperatura 25 °C-mdea. wyali momwvanomura ferisaa. tbis samxreT-aRmosavleT, samxreT da dasavleT nawilSi izrdeba lelqaSi
da sxva wylis mcenareuloba; 5-6 m siRrmemde dumfara. tbaSi binadrobs qaSayi da nafota.
moSenebulia xramuli, wvera da kobri. tba sportuli da samomxmareblo TevzWeris
obieqtia. tbis Crdilo-dasavleTi napiridan gayvanilia mcire sarwyavi arxi.
vakeTebT mokle mimoxilvas ilia WavWavaZis Sesaxeb da zogadad mis Semoqmedebaze.
aqtivoba 3. gaazreba _ teqstis kiTxva (10-15 wT).
teqstis kiTxva xdeba moswavleTa mier, sagangebo yuradReba eqceva gamometyvelebiT
kiTxvas, amisaTvis mniSvnelovania maswavleblis nimuSi.
teqstis gagebisa da gaazrebisTvis viyenebT Semdeg kiTxvebs:
_ xalxuri gadmocemis mixedviT, risgan warmoiSva bazaleTis tba?(`ers TvisTa cremliT nadeniT tba karvad zed gaduxuravs~).
_ Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, ra asvenia tbis Ziras? (oqros akvani).
_ vis Caudgams iq akvani? (`Tamar dedofals is akvani iq Caudgams~).
_ ras natrobs eri? (rom iq saqarTvelos gmiri `vaJkaci, saxelovani `iyos).
_ vis Senatris poeti? (`visica xeli pirvelad daswvdeba ima akvansa!~da `vinc im yrmas
pirvel miawvdis Tvis ZuZus madliT cxebulsa!~ ).
_ Tqveni azriT, ratom akavSirebs poeti am akvans Tamar dedoflis saxelTan? (am
mefis saxelTan asocirdeba saqarTvelos Zliereba, mis Semdeg daiwyo Cvenma qveyanam daRmasvla).
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_ ras natrobda qarTveli xalxi maSin, rodesac es leqsi daiwera? (saqarTvelos Tavisuflebasa da ruseTis imperiisagan xsnas).
aqtivoba 4. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba (8 wT).
a) mxatvrul xerxebze dakvirveba:
`iqneb akvanSi is yrma wevs,
visic ar iTqmis saxeli~,
_ rogor fiqrobT, vis an ras ganasaxierebs akvanSi Cawolili yrma? (qveynis Zlerebasa da Tavisuflebas, rac Tamaris xanas ukavSirdeba)
_ ratom erideba poeti misi saxelis Tqmas? (im dros ruseTis imperiaSi saqarTvelos
Tavisuflebaze laparaki miuRebeli iyo).
_ Tqveni azriT, ra iyo amis mizezi? (mefis ruseTis mier Seqmnili Zalmomreoba.)
_ risi Tqma surs am leqsiT mwerals? rogor gveubneba igi Tavis saTqmels _ pirdapir Tu SefarviT? (vaZlevT alegoriaze ganmartebas, vesaubrebiT alegoriis mizanze _
avtoris azris SeniRbva).
`da ers TvisTa cremlT nadeni~
tba karvad zed gaduxuravs~,
_ ras gulisxmobs mwerali `karavSi~? ra mxatvrul xerxs iyenebs aq? (metaforas).
_ am citataSi romeli arsebiTi saxelebia mx. ricxvis formiT gamoyenebuli? (eri,
tba, karavi). mravlobiTis? (cremlT).
_ ramdeni saxis mravlobiTia qarTulSi da romels iyeneben ufro xSirad? (-eb-iani
da _n/-T-iani. ufro xSirad dRes _eb-iani gamoiyeneba).
_ Tu am leqsSi SevcvliT da Tanamedrove formiT gamoviyenebT arsebiTi saxelis mr.
ricxvs, ra dairRveva am leqsSi? (marcvalTa raodenoba striqonSi, rac leqsis mxatvrul
mxares daarRvevs).
_ ramdeni marcvalia am leqsis TiToeul striqonSi _taepSi? (8 marcvalia).
vawodebT ganmartebas ritmis Sesaxeb: ritmi Tanazomieri enobrivi erTeulebis _ am
SemTxvevaSi marcvlebis _ gameorebaa.
b) mwerlis leqsikaze dakvirveba:
moswavleebs vavalebT moZebnon am citataSi (`da ers TvisTa cremlT nadeniT tba
karvad zed gaduxuravs~) zmna da gaarkvion ramdenad marTebulad aris igi gamoyenebuli dRevandeli saliteraturo normebis mixedviT? (gaduxuravs; unda iyos gadauxuravs.
darRveulia zmniswinis marTlwera).
_ ra unda iyos am normebis darRvevis mizezi? (saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli savaraudo pasuxebidan unda daasaxelon erTi. swori pasuxia g).
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3wT.).
a) leqsis mixedviT daweron teqsti legenda bazaleTis tbis Sesaxeb. werisas gamoiyenon ori nawyveti leqsidan, romelic, maTi azriT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania teqstis
gaazrebisaTvis.
b) moiZion damatebiTi masala ilias moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.
13
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5-7 wT).
aqtivoba 2. Sinaarsis realizeba (8-10 wT):
_ra aris am leqsis Tema, idea? (am leqsis Temaa samSoblos siyvaruli, unugeSo mdgomareobaSi myofi qveyana da misi siyvaruli, idea _ Zebna mxsnelisa, romelic Tavisuflebas
da bednierebas moutans samSoblos).
_ risi Tqma surs ilia WavWavaZes am leqsiT? (saWiroa zneobrivi garemos gajansaReba, rom gmiri warmoiSvas da erma misi meSveobiT nanatri Tavisufleba moipovos.
_ gavixsenoT, rodis aris dawerili es leqsi, ra viTareba iyo am dros saqarTveloSi?
(leqsi dawerilia mecxramete saukunis meore naxevarSi. saqarTvelo am dros aris ruseTis imperiis rigiTi gubernia, imperia gegmazomierad axorcielebs mizans Caklas yovelive erovnuli qveyanaSi, eri daqveiTebulia sulierad, moralurad, zneobrivad da sruli
gadagvarebis safrTxis winaSe dgas.
(moswavleebs eZlevaT azris damoukideblad gamoTqmis saSualeba).
aqtivoba 3. weris strategia _ wera magidis garSemo (12-15 wT).
meTodis aRwera:
1. moswavleebs vajgufebT (4-5 moswavle) da vacnobT Temas `qarTvelTa Cumi natvra~ _
ras natrobda qarTveli eri , roca es leqsi daiwera?
2. moswavleebi amzadeben kalmebs, furclebs da weras iwyeben. dro gansazRvrulia
(3-4 wT).
3. drois amowurvis Semdeg moswavle furcels marjvniv mjdoms awvdis, xolo axal
furcels marcxniv mjdomisagan iRebs.
4. kiTxulobs megobris naazrevs da agrZelebs naazrevs logikurad.
5. ase grZeldeba manam, sanam jgufis yvela wevri sakuTar furcels ar miiRebs (furceli SeiZleba datrialdes or an met wreze).
6. furceli wreze moZraobas daasrulebs, naSromebi jgufebSi ganixileba da yvelaze
saukeTeso SeirCeva.
7. jgufebs vTxovT saukeTeso naSromi klass warudginon.
aqtivoba 4. mSobliuri enis samyaroSi _ arsebiTi saxelis raoba da formacvla (15 wT):
_ daakvirdiT teqsts da moZebneT arsebiTi saxeli:
`bazaleTisa tbis Ziras
oqros akvani ariso
da mis garSemo, wylis qveSe,
ucxo walkoti hyvaviso.~
_ gavixsenoT, ras ewodeba arsebiTi saxeli? (arsebiTi saxeli aris metyvelebis nawili, romelic aRniSnavs sagans).
_ rogori metyvelebis nawilia igi? (a) srulmniSvnelovani da formacvalebadi; b)
damxmare da formaucvleli; g) srulmniSvnelovani da formaucvleli; d) arc erTi pasuxi
ar aris swori. (swori pasuxia a).
_ ras aRniSnavs arsebiTi saxeli? ra kiTxvebi daesmis? (arsebiTi saxeli aRniSnavs
sagans da daesmis kiTxvebi vin? _ mxolod adamians _ da ra?).
moswavleebs vavalebT mTeli teqsti waikiTxon da daajgufon zepirad arsebiTi saxelebi: sulieri da usulo, vin? da ra? sakuTari (a. adamianis aRmniSvneli b. geografiuli
adgilis aRmniSvneli) da sazogado, krebiTi, nivTierebaTa.
vaxsenebT arsebiTi saxelis brunebas:
_ ras ewodeba bruneba?(mniSvnelobis Seucvlelad daboloebaTa mixedviT saxelis
cvlas bruneba ewodeba).
_ ramdeni brunvaa qarTulSi?(7).
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_ rogor unda movZebnoT arsebiTi saxelis fuZe?(fuZe rom movnaxoT, saxeli unda
CavsvaT moTxrobiTSi, CamovaSoroT brunvis niSani da darCeba fuZe).
moswavleebs vavalebT teqstSi moZebnon saTanado magaliTebi. yuradRebas vamaxvilebinebT arsebiTi saxelebis `cremli~ da `akvani~ brunebaze:
_ fuZis mixedviT rogoria es arsebiTi saxeli?
_ rogor vipovoT maTi fuZe?
_ romlis fuZea ucvleli?
_ romeli fuZe SeikumSa brunebisas? romeli bgera SeikumSa? ramden brunvaSi SeikumSa?
romel brunvaSi SeikumSa?
_ -eb-ian da n/T-ian mravlobiTSi ikumSeba Tu ara igi?
klasSi asruleben moswavleebi saxelmZRvaneloSi moTavsebul davalebas (CamoTvlili sityvebidan romeli arsebiTi saxeli ar ikumSeba? romel sityvaSi ikumSeba a xmovani?
e xmovani? o xmovani? srulad/nawilobriv? aqve SevaxsenebT, rom amis gasagebad arsebiTi
saxeli unda Casvan naT. moq. an viT. brunvaSi).
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2 wT). moZebneT leqsSi (`bazaleTis tba~) fuZekumSvadi
saxelebi, aRvniSnoT a) romel brunvebSi ikumSeba, b) romeli bgera ikumSeba.
Sedegebi:
VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 3. sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 4. saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.
VII. 7. sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT
mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
VII. 9. teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.
VII. 12. werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 13. werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi normebis dacva.
15
gakveTilis masala: akaki wereTlis `ganTiadi~, arsebiTi saxeli (2 sT).
miznebi:
• poeturi teqstis aRqma;
• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis gamomuSaveba;
• wakiTxulis Sefaseba da daskvnebis gamotana;
• kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba;
• teqstis enobriv mxareze dakvirveba;
• paralelebis gavleba Seswavlil lit. nawarmoebebTan Janris, Temisa da problematikis mixedviT;
• Seswavlili teqstis mixedviT personaJis warmosaxviTi portretis Seqmna;
• weris strategiebis daufleba;
• orTografiuli Cvevebis formireba.
I gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5-7 wT). aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ provocireba (7-10 wT).
maswavlebeli leqsis wakiTxvamde klass mokled acnobs dimitri yifianis biografias,
am leqsis daweris istorias.
damatebiTi informacia: `swavla apatiosnebs kacsa, afaqizebs, aRonierebs, zeaRavlens da Rirshyofs dausabamobasTan miaxloebisa... ganaTleba yvelas aTanasworebs~.
dimitri yifiani
dimitri yifiani daibada 1814 wlis 14 aprils goris raionis sofel mereTSi. igi adre
daoblda da ufrosma Zmam TavisTan, suramSi gadaiyvana sacxovreblad. man swrafad iswavla wera-kiTxva, angariSi, saRvTo werili, locvebi da `vefxistyaosani~. Semdeg igi Tavisma
siZem TbilisSi waiyvana da sasuliero saswavlebelSi miabara. bejiTi Wabuki male keTilSobilTa saswavlebelSi gadavida.
1830 wels dimitrim gimnazia daamTavra da Tavadaznaurobis deputatTa sakrebuloSi Tarjimnad daiwyo muSaoba. ramdenime Tvis Semdeg Tbilisis gimnaziaSi maswavleblad
gadaiyvanes. 17 wlis axalgazrda 4 sagans aswavlida. patrioti Wabuki qarTvel mamuliSvilebs daukavSirda da 1832 wlis SeTqmulebaSi Caeba. risTvisac igi daiWires da metexis cixeSi Casves, sadac erTi weliwadi dahyo. aqedan sacxovreblad CrdiloeT ruseTSi,
q. vologdaSi gagzavnes. 5 wlis Semdeg mas samSobloSi dabrunebis neba misces. dimitri
mixvda, rom im etapze ruseTTan samxedro ZaliT dapirispireba Sedegs ar gamoiRebda da
saWiro iyo moCvenebiTi `erTgulebiT~ samSoblosaTvis sasargeblo qarTuli saqmis keTeba. 1840 wels Seadgina da mTavarmarTebels dasamtkiceblad warudgina `tfilisis kerZo
biblioTekis wesdeba~, ris safuZvelzec TbilisSi pirveli wignsacavi daarsda. dimitri
yifiani Tbilisis Tavadaznaurobam orjer airCia saTavadaznauro gimnaziis sapatio
mzrunvelad. 1864 wels igi Tbilisis guberniis TavadaznaurTa winamZRolad airCies, 1876
wels ki qalaqis meri gaxda. man didi amagi dasdo Tbilisis saTavadaznauro bankis daarsebas, dramatuli sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas. 1879 wels sxva gamoCenil qarTvel moRvaweebTan erTad Camoayaliba `qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba~,
romlis Tavmjdomaredac igi erTxmad airCies. valerian gunia werda: `eseni sul yifianis
simxneviT, misis sisxliT da ofliT arian daarsebulni, fesvebmodebuli da welSi gamagrebulni~.
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ruseTSi aleqsandre II-is mkvlelobis Semdeg (1881w.) ganapira mxareebis kolonizacia
daiwyo. saqarTveloSi mefisnacvloba gauqmda da mTavarmarTebloba iqna SemoRebuli. aikrZala sityva `saqarTvelos~ xmarebac ki. mTavarmarTeblad dainiSna dondukov-korsakovi, romelmac garSemo qarTvelTmoZule pirovnebebi Semoikriba -- rusi egzarqosi pavle,
kavkasiis saswavlo olqis mzrunveli ianovski, sasuliero seminariis reqtori Cudecki
da sxv. saswavlo dawesebulebebSi qarTuli enis devna-Seviwroebis tendencia gamoikveTa. ianovskim qarTuli enis skolebidan saerTod gandevna moindoma, ris winaaRmdegac
yifianma mkacrad gailaSqra. man ianovskisa da rus egzarqoss pavles werilebi gaugzavna:
`Tu amas ver dafiqrebixarT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs Tqvens qadagebasa, qarTveloba hgmeT
da qarTuli ena daiviwyeTo, me getyviT… mere ra enisas amboben kacobriobis mgmobelni,
unda gahqreso im enisas, romelsac laparakobdnen vaxtang gorgaslani, daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mnaTobi, romelzedac qristianobas gviqadagebdnen nino mociqulT Tanaswori da aTcametni sirielni mamani; romelzedac mwerlobdnen SoTa rusTaveli, filosofosni, rogorc petriwi, sjulmdebelni, rogorc vaxtangi… Cingiz xanma, langTemurma,
Sahabazma, nadirSahma ver Semusres Cveni xalxosnoba da axla Tqven gindaT SemusrnaT… b.
ianovskis aTaswilad ujobs isev am azris Semusvra moaxerxos~.
rusi biurokratebi TandaTan aZlierebdnen qarTul erovnul dawesebulebaTa devnasa da Seviwroebas. dekanozma pavle Cudeckim, romelic gamoirCeoda qarTvelTa mimarT
gansakuTrebuli zizRiT, gauTavebeli dakiTxvebisa da Semowmebebis Semdeg seminariidan
garicxa studenti soso laRiaSvili. 1886 wlis 24 maiss laRiaSvili kabinetSi Seuvarda
mas da xanjliT mokla. studenti Seipyres da cimbiris katorRaSi gagzavnes, saidanac jer
iaponiaSi, mere ki amerikaSi gaiqca.
Cudeckis dasaflavebaze egzarqosma pavle lebedevma daswyevla ara marto laRiaSvili, aramed mTeli qarTveli eri. am faqtma uzarmazari risxva da protesti gamoiwvia qarTvelobaSi. pirvelma xma dimitri yifianma aimaRla. 1886 wlis 8 ivniss xaSuridan mkacri
werili gaugzavna egzarqoss: `Tuki es yvelaferi marTalia, Tqveni Rirsebis gadarCena
SeiZleba mxolod imiT, rom Sercxvenili dauyovnebliv ganidevnos SeCvenebuli qveynidan~. korsakovma dauyovnebliv gagzavna werili ruseTis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrTan da
yifianis saqarTvelodan gasaxleba moiTxova. peterburgSi kvlav mxari dauWires mTavarmarTeblis moTxovnas da dimitri yifians imperatorma aleqsandre III-m stavropolSi
gadasaxleba miusaja. 1886 wlis zafxulSi igi stavropolSi gadaasaxles. 1887 wlis 24 oqtombers igi veragulad mokles. RamiT mis oTaxSi jalaTi Seipara. TavSi uro Caartya da
mokla. `is tvini, romelic saqarTveloze hfiqrobda, Tavze gadaanTxies. im gulze, romelic samSoblosaTvis sZgerda, civi xelebi daakrefines,~ _ werda akaki wereTeli.
dimitris mkvlelobam mTeli saqarTvelo aRaSfoTa, misi dakrZalva mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego uzarmazar demonstraciad iqca. 8 noembers yifianis gvami TbilisSi Camoasvenes. dakrZalvas xelmZRvanelobda valerian gunia, xolo gamsvenebeli sasuliero piri _
episkoposi aleqsandre oqropiriZe iyo. samgloviaro procesias mihyvebodnen ilia, akaki
da sxva gamoCenili moRvaweebi.
swored am movlenam da am tkivilma ganapiroba am leqsis Seqmna, es leqsi qarTveli
eris himnad iqca.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis sinodis 2007 wlis 26 aprilis dadgenilebiT dimitri yifiani qarTuli eklesiis mier wmindanad iqna Seracxuli.
momzadebulia sazogadoebriv-religiuri Jurnal ` ambionis~ mixedviT.
Semdeg ukiTxavs cnobili qarTveli mwerlis nodar dumbaZis sityvebs:
`ganTiadi~ kacis dawerili ar aris, aseT leqsebs adamianebi ar weren, es maT Zal-Rones
aRemateba. es leqsi RvTis bagidan aris gamosuli da nakarnaxevi~.
da acnobs nawyvets misive mogonebidan: `eris sinaTle da siamaye~:
17
`ramdenime wlis win TurqeTis sazRvarze vmsaxurobdi mesazRvred. iq, aWaris mTebSi,
erTi lamazi sofelia. am sofels mdinare Woroxi yofs SuaSi, erTi naxevari soflisa Cvenia, meore naxevari TurqeTisa. swored iq gaxldiT sazRvris inspeqciaze. erT dRes ori jariskacis TanxlebiT sazRvris winaxazze gavediT. zed Woroxis piras Turqebs skola aqvT,
sadac qarTveli ymawvilebic swavloben. napirs rom mivadeqiT, Sesveneba hqondaT bavSvebsa da dagvinaxes Tu ara, Tavis napirs moawydnen. rogorc Savgvremani, albaT qarTvelad
Semicnes. mere bavSvebs erTi TeTrsayeloiani patara biWi gamoeyo, mdinareSi naviviT Semocurebul veeberTela lodze Sedga, orive xeli cisken aRapyro da xmis kankaliT Tavankara
qarTuliT daiwyo:
`ca-firuz, xmeleT-zurmuxto,
Cemo samSoblo mxareo,
Seni var, SenTvis movkvdebi,
Senzedve mgloviareo~.
askerma leqsis Tqma bolomde ar acala, gareka bavSvebi, im wuTSi guli Tu ar gamiskdeboda, ar megona. videqi da usircxvilod vtirodi gakvirvebuli jariskacebis winaSe~.
aqtivoba 3. gaazreba _ teqstis kiTxva (10-12 wT):
moswavleebs vakiTxebT teqsts da sagangebo yuradRebas gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze
vamaxvilebT.
teqstis gagebisa da gaazrebisaTvis viyenebT Semdeg kiTxvebs:
_ ra gaxda am leqsis daweris mizezi?(dimitri yiafianis mkvleloba).
_ vis eZRvneba es leqsi? rogor moixseniebs mas poeti? ( saqarTvelos erovnul gmirs
dimitri yifians da mas Tavdadebuls uwodebs).
_ vis saflavs „ixutebs~ gulSi mTawminda? (erovnuli gmiris dimitri yifianis „saSviliSvilo samares~).
_ vin aris am leqsis lirikuli gmiri? (dimitri yifiani).
_ leqsis romeli striqoni migviTiTebs masze? („mTawminda gulSi ixutebs saSviliSvilo samares, mamadaviTsa avedrebs, abarebs qveynis moyvares~).
_ ram Seumsubuqa poets, lirikul gmirs sevda? (samSoblos xilvam, masTan siaxlovem).
_ ras sTxovs igi samSoblos? ra anderZs ibarebs?(„dedaSvilobam, bevrs ar gTxov~...) .
_„ver avitane obloba, sisxlis cremlebi vRvareo~, _ am striqonebis mixedviT, ra igulisxmeba `oblobaSi~? rogor gesmiT fraza „sisxlis cremlebi~? (oblobaSi igulisxmeba
ucxoobaSi yofna, samSoblodan Sors yofna. sisxlis cremlebSi igulisxmeba didi tanjva,
tkivili (es metafora saTaves iRebs `vefxistyaosnidan~).
_„Senzedve mgloviareo~, _ wers poeti imdroindeli saqarTvelos misamarTiT. ra aZlevs mas amis Tqmis safuZvels? (saqarTvelos monuri yofa).
moswavleebs vavalebT teqstSi moZebnon is adgili, romelmac gansakuTrebiT miiqcia
maTi yuradReba.
aqtivoba 4. mxatvrul mxareze dakvirveba (8-10 wT).
vakvirvebT winadadebaze: `ia da vardi damWknari xelaxla gamixareo~, vusvamT kiTxvebs:
_ ra igulisxmeba „damWknar ia-vardSi~? ra mxatvrul xerxs mimarTavs aq poeti? (damWknar vardSi igulisxmeba datanjuli, mwuxare guli, sicocxle. es mxatvruli saxe metaforaa).
_ moZebneT leqsSi gapirovnebis nimuSebi (gapirovneba _ „mTawminda Cafiqrebula~,
„mdinare nanas umReris~, „mTawminda gulSi ixutebs~ „sisxlis cremlebi~ ...)
leqsis romeli striqonebi eriTmeba ZiriTadad erTmaneTs? (meore da meoTxe).
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT): a) leqsi „ganTiadi~ zepirad, b) moiZion damatebiTi
informacia dimitri yifianis Sesaxeb.
18
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5 wT).
aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis Sejameba-Sefaseba (5-7 wT):
_ Tqveni azriT, ra ganwyobiT aris dawerili es leqsi? (mwuxarebiT).
_ ra aris am leqsis Tema? (samSoblos siyvaruli).
_ risi Tqma surs poets mkiTxvelisaTvis? (samSoblos gareSe bedniereba ar arsebobs,
misTvis Tavdadeba mamuliSvilis movaleobaa).
_ rogori intonacia unda SevarCioT misi kiTxvisas? romel sityvebs gamoyofdiT maxvilebiT? ratom? (maxvilebiT gamovyofdiT yvela mimarTvas, raTa
msmenelis yuradReba migveqcia da aqcenti mTavarze gagvekeTebina. nawarmoebi unda wavikiTxoT mkveTri, amaRlebuli intonaciiT).
aqtivoba 3. wera (individualurad) (17-18 wT):
maswavlebeli klass avalebs winaswar moZiebuli masalis mixedviT aagon werilobiTi
teqsti: `dimitri yifiani _ raindi, urCi mtrisasa~. Seaxsenebs wesebs:
a) weris dawyebamde Seadginon gegma (Camoweron is sakiTxebi, romlis irgvlivac apireben weras);
b) werisas aucileblad gamoiyenon is citatebi, romelTac saWirod CaTvlian sakuTari azris gasamyareblad;
g) weris damTavrebis Semdeg aucileblad waikiTxon naweri da Caasworon SemCneuli
Secdomebi;
d) Tu survili aqvT, namuSevari gaacnon amxanagebs da moisminon maTi Sefasebani.
Semajamebeli sqemis nimuSi weraSi:
qulebi
naSromis
Sinaarsobrivi
mxare da
moculoba
teqstis
organizeba,
logikurad
ageba
faqtobrivi
sizuste
leqsika da
stili
morfologia,
orTografia,
punqtuacia
2
1
2
2
3
(qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenoba _ 10)
aqtivoba 4. mSobliuri enis samyaroSi (10-12wT). maswavlebeli klass avalebs moZebnon
leqsSi arsebiTi saxelebi da zepirad daajgufon isini: a) TanxmovanfuZiani, b) xmovanfuZiani.
moswavleebs vakvirvebT a-ze da e-ze daboloebul saxelebze, magaliTisaTvis vabrunoT aseTi saxelebi erTad da pasuxoben kiTxvebze:
_ ra xmovnebze bolovdeba am arsebiTi saxelebis fuZeebi? (a-ze da e-ze).
_ romel brunvebSia aq fuZe sruli saxiT warmodgenili?(moTx. mic. viT. wod.).
_ romel brunvebSi daikarga, moikveca fuZis bolokiduri xmovani? ra xmovnebi daikarga/moikveca?(naT. moqm. _e, -a).
_ sad moiyara Tavi orma i-m? ratom moiyara? (naT. moqm.). (imitom, rom saxelis fuZe
i-ze bolovdeba, naT. da moqm. brunvis niSnebi ki _ i-ze iwyeba).
vavalebT dafaze abrunos igive arsebiTi saxelebi (mdinare, ia) _eb-ian mravlobiT
ricxvSi.
vakvirvebT: ras amCnevT? romeli saxeli Seikveca aq yvela brunvaSi? romeli saxeli
ar Seikveca?
_ sad moiyara Tavi orma e-m? ratom moiyara? rodis iwereba arsebiT saxelTan ori e?
19
daakvirdiT:
`mamadaviTsa avedrebs, abarebs qveynis moyvares~...
_ romelia aq arsebiTi saxelebi? maT Soris romelia xmovanfuZiani? ra aris maTi
fuZe? romel xmovnebze bolovdeba es saxelebi? romel brunvebSia isini?
bolos erTad abruneben arsebiT saxelebs `moyvare~ da `qveyana~: moswavleebi arkveven da pasuxoben kiTxvebze:
_ romel brunvebSi Seikveca es arsebiTi saxelebi? ra bgerebi Seikveca?
_ romel brunvebSi SeikumSa? ra bgera SeikumSa?
_ Tu gaxsovT, ra ewodeba aseT arsebiT saxelebs? a) kumSvadi, b) kvecadi, g) kumSavadkvecadi.
aqve moswavleebs vTavazobT kumSvad-kvecadi saxelebis CamonaTvals.
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (3 wT). moZebneT teqstSi sxva fuZekvecadi saxelebic da
gaarkvieT, a) romel brunvaSia isini, b) romeli bgera ikveceba.
Sedegebi:
qarT. VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio
amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT.
qarT. VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
qarT. VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.
qarT. VII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia zepirmetyvelebis ZiriTadi enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis
amocnoba da gamoyeneba.
qarT. VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis
gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
qarT. VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.
qarT. VII. 10. moswavles SeuZlia kiTxvis miznis Sesabamisi strategiebis gamoyeneba.
qarT. VII. 11. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstebis Seqmna sxvadasxva mizniT.
20
gakveTilis masala: vaJa-fSavela _ `damsetyve, cao~ (simRera); TanxmovanfuZiani da
xmovanfuZiani arsebiTi saxelebi; TavsarT-bolosarTebiT sityvaTa warmoeba
miznebi:
• poeturi teqstis aRqma, mxatvrul saxeebze dakvirveba;
• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis gamomuSaveba;
• wakiTxulis Sefaseba da daskvnebis gamotana;
• kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba;
• teqstis enobriv mxareze dakvirveba;
• TanxmovanfuZian da xmovanfuZian arsebiT saxelze dakvirveba da saTanado daskvnebis gamotana.
I gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (4-5 wT).
aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisTvis mzadeba _ provocireba (5-7 wT):
mokle mimoxilvas vakeTebT vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb, misi weris stilze, vaxsenebT adre
Seswavlil literaturul nawarmoebebs. am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT `gonebrivi ieriSis ruka~ an sqema: vicodi _ gavige _ minda vicode. `vicodi~ _ ivseba leqsis kiTxvis dawyebamde, xolo: `gavige~ da `minda vicode~ ki _ leqsis kiTxva-damuSavebis Semdeg.
maswavleblisTvis:
leqsi `damsetyve cao~ pirvelad gamoqveynda gazeT `cnobis furclis~ suraTebian
damatebaSi 1903 wels.
aqtivoba 3. teqstis kiTxva _ gaazreba (10-15 wT).
am dros sagangebo yuradReba eqceva gamometyvelebiT kiTxvas, maswavleblis nimuSs.
kiTxvebis saSualebiT xdeba teqstis gageba da gaazreba:
_ rogor axasiaTebs poeti sakuTar Tavs? (`guliTa gautexeli, mouRalavi mklaviTa~).
_ ra azria gatarebuli mis sityvebSi: `bilwT ar Savekvri zaviTa~? (borotebas ver
Seveguebi, uwmindurebTan ver movrigdebi).
_ ra anugeSebs mas? (rom marto araa amqveynad, `sxvac mravalia Cemfera~, visac ar
wyalobs mamasaxlisi).
_ ra aqvs mas samudamod CabeWdili gulSi?(`keTilsa vyvande ziarad~).
_ ra pirobas debs igi? (`ver mivcem mtersa mamulsa, sajijgnad, dasazianad...~).
_ vin aris am leqsis lirikuli gmiri? (am leqsis lirikuli gmiria Tavad poeti).
_ rogor gadmoscems poeti Tavis saTqmels? (poeti leqs-simReriT gadmoscems Tavis
saTqmels).
_rogor SeiZleba gavigoT fraza: `damsetyve, cao~? ra SeiZleba igulisxmebodes
metaforulad `setyvaSi~? (aq SeiZleba igulisxmebodes cxovrebiseuli sirTuleebi da
siZneleebi, problemebi, romlebic SesaZlebelia poetis suls Seexos da igi zneobrivi
arCevanis winaSe daayenos).
_ rogor gesmiT: `aqa var Cemi TaviTa?~(aq var Cemi sxeuliTa da suliT).
_ Tqveni azriT, ras gulisxmobs vaJa `mWvartlian CongurSi~ ? (poeti am frazaSi
Tavis Semoqmedebas gulisxmobs).
_ `mcnebas ver Semacvleineb~, _ weria leqsSi. rogor fiqrobT, romel `mcnebazea~ aq
saubari? ra aris poetis `mcneba~? leqsis romel striqonebSi Cans es `mcneba~ ? (`keTilsa
vyvande ziarad. `bolo striqonSi~).
21
_ `mozRvavebulis aviTa~, _ ras gulisxmobs poeti am sityvebSi? ra aris poetis
irgvliv gamefebuli ? (gautanloba, Ralati, Suri, uwminduroba…).
_ `mcnebas ver Semacvleineb mozRvavebulis aviTa~, _ poetis rogor sulier
ganwyobaze migviTiTebs es fraza? (igi ar urigdeba mdgomareobas da ibrZvis arsebulis
winaaRmdeg).
_ vis mimarTavs vaJa: `nu gegonebaT, davlaCrdi, jer iseva var fxianad~ ? (mters, im
uwmindurebs, romlebic poetisa da qveynisaTvis arakeTilmosurneebi arian).
aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba (7-10 wT):
1. moswavleebs vavalebT moZebnon da waikiTxon teqstSi, ra epiTetebiT axasiaTebs
poeti sakuTar Tavs, romel mxatvrul xerxebs iyenebs igi leqsSi? (sakuTar Tavs axasiaTebs Semdegi epiTetebiT: `guliT gautexeli~, `mklaviT mouRalavi~). am leqsSi gamoyenebuli mxatvruli xerxebia: metafora _ `damsetyve, cao~, `davukrav mWvartlian Cangurs~.
gapirovneba _ `mTav, Sen is Cemi naTqvami, gul-mkerdze daiwerodi!..~
amis Semdeg vakvirvebT moswavleebs citataze:
`mTav, Sen is Cemi naTqvami,
gul-mkerdze daiwerodi!
baro, warbni da wamwamni
im sityviT daikerodi!...
vavalebT moswavleebs am citataSi moZebnon mimarTvis nimuSebi.
gaarkvion, mTqmelis ra emociebi, ra grZnobebia masSi Caqsovili?
a) SiSis, b) TanagrZnobis, g) Txovna-mudaris. (swori pasuxia g).
vacnobT, Tu ra emociiT unda waikiTxon es winadadebebi da ra sasveni niSnebi
gamoxatavs am emocias mimarTvasTan. moswavleebi eZeben teqstSi iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac
mimarTva winadadebis SuaSia da ukvirdebian iq gamoyenebul sasven niSnebs.
2. moswavleebs yuradRebas vamaxvilebinebT dialeqtizmebze. vavalebT daZebnon
teqstSi saTanado magaliTebi... (Savekvri, Cemfera, Savabijeb, ...). gaarkvion, ratom iyenebs
mwerali aseT formebs? a) ar icis marTebuli formebi, b) es formebi ase gamoiyeneboda XIX
saukuneSi, g) amgvari metyveleba gamorCeuls xdis vaJas poezias. (swori pasuxia g).
moswavleebs vacnobT saliteraturo enis normaTa darRvevisa da mTis dialeqtizmis
Semotanis gamo akaki wereTlis sayvedurs vaJasadmi da sapasuxo leqss akakisadmi.
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT). leqsi gamometyvelebiT kiTxviT/zepirad; leqsis
mixedviT davaxasiaToT leqsis lirikuli gmiri.
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5-7 wT).
aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis wvdoma (10-15 wT):
(moswavleebs eZlevaT azris damoukideblad gamoTqmis saSualeba.)
_ ra ganwyobiT aris dawerili es leqsi? ra azria aq gatarebuli? ris Tqma surs
poets mkiTxvelisaTvis?
_ leqsis saTaurad misi pirveli striqonia gamotanili. rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad
zustad aris igi SerCeuli? ramdenad srulad gamoxatavs igi poetis saTqmels?
moswavleebs vavalebT gaixsenon vaJa-fSavelas sxva nawarmoebebic.
_ ra aerTianebs maT? (avleben paralelebs adre Seswavlil literaturul masalasTan: `Svlis nukris naambobi~, `arwivi~, `mxedarTa Zveli simRera~, `is ki ara aris biWoba!~,
`zamTari~, `ia~... _ (aerTianebT bunebis mimarT gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba, bunebis
gasuliereba, gaWirvebulisa da sustis gamosarCleba, samSoblos siyvaruli, mterTan
Seurigebloba... ena _ fSauri dialeqtizmebi... ).
22
aqtivoba 3. gmiris ruka (5 wT). mTavari personaJis daxasiaTeba teqstualuri masalis
safuZvelze da msjeloba:
gmiris ruka
gmiri
Tviseba
a) guliTa gautexeli,
b) mebrZoli.
argumenti
a) mcnebas ver Semacvlevineb mozRvavebulis
aviTa,
b) rac unda Wiri momkerZo, bilwT ar Savekvri
zaviTa.
aqtivoba 4. mSobliuri enis samyaroSi (10 wT).
moswavleebs vakvirvebT winadadebebze:
„rac unda Wiri mamkerZo, bilwT ar Savekvri zaviTa~.
„sazavo xelSekruleba Svidpunqtian SeTanxmebas iTvaliswinebda~.
„mxareebi dazavdnen~.
moswavleebi adareben erTmaneTs am winadadebebs da arkveven:
_ es sami sityva metyvelebis ra nawilia?
_ riT hgavs es sityvebi erTmaneTs?
_ riT gansxvavdeba?
a) formiT, b) SinaarsiT, g) oriveTi.
iqve vaZlevT saTanado ganmartebas:
erTi sityvisgan TavsarT-bolosarTebis, an mxolod bolosarTebis darTviT SeiZleba vawarmooT sxvadasxva mniSvnelobis ramdenime sityva.
_ am sityvebidan romelia Zireuli? warmoqmnili?
moswavleebs vavalebT gaarkvion romeli Zireuli sityvebidan aris warmoqmnili sityvebi: `mWvartliani~, `fxiani~.
_ rogor miviReT es axali sityvebi Zireuli sityvebisagan? romeli bolosarTi davurTeT?
23
_ sityva `fxiani~ ra mniSvnelobiT aris gamoyenebuli leqsSi? ra aris am sityvis
Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba?
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT). moZebnon teqstSi arsebiTi saxelebi da daajgufon fuZeTa mixedviT: a) TanxmovanfuZiani _ kumSvadi, ukumSveli,
b) xmovanfuZiani _ kvecadi, ukveceli.
Sedegebi:
VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.
VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis
gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.
VII. 12. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi normebis dacva.
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gakveTilis masala: nugzar SataiZis `mogzauroba afrikaSi~; barbarizmebi, Jargoni,
dialeqtizmebi, qarTveluri enebi; praqtikuli gramatika: nacvalsaxelsa da zmnasTan dakavSirebuli marTlmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis daufleba (5 sT).
miznebi:
• mxatvruli teqstis kiTxva da gaazreba;
• kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba;
• teqstSi dasmuli problemebis gaanalizeba;
• sakuTari azris dasabuTeba;
• teqstis gageba-gaanalizeba enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis da gamomsaxvelobis TvalsazrisiT;
• personaJTa metyvelebaze dakvirveba;
• `gmiris daxasiaTebis rukis~ Sedgena;
• enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis daufleba;
• metyvelebis nawilebTan (nacvalsaxeli, zmna) dakavSirebuli marTlmetyvelebisa da
marTlweris CvevaTa formireba;
• werilobiTi teqstis ageba.
I gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba (8-10 wT).
aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ strategia `vici, viswavle, minda vicode~ (8-10 wT).
meTodis aRwera:
Semdeg maswavlebeli klass winaswar acnobs, rom teqstSi aRwerili moqmedeba ZiriTadad saqarTvelos okupirebul teritoriaze _ afxazeTSi mimdinareobs. klass yofs
wyvilebad da avalebs, 4 wuTis ganmavlobaSi Camoweron yvelaferi, rac ician (an hgoniaT, rom ician) saqarTvelos am ZirZveli teritoriis (an iqidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa cxovrebis) Sesaxeb. amasobaSi dafaze ixazeba sqema: vici, viswavle, minda vicode. vTxovT moswavleebs, partniorTan gamoxaton TavianTi mosazrebebi. roca saubars
daamTavreben, grafaSi `vici~ Caweron is sakiTxebi, romelTa Sesaxeb maTi codna ZiriTadad erTmaneTs emTxveva. Semdeg ki vTxovT Camoayalibon kiTxvebi im sakiTxebis Sesaxeb,
romlebSic ar arian darwmunebulni, es kiTxvebi Seitanon svetSi `minda vicode~. grafa
`viswavle~ Seivseba bolo gakveTilze, mTliani teqstis damuSavebis Semdeg.
teqstis wakiTxvamde maswavlebeli klass mokled awvdis saTanado informacias avtoris Sesaxeb.
damatebiTi informacia:
`maSin Cven vicodiT erTi raRac, rom qarTul saliteraturo enas rezo inaniSvilis gardacvalebis Semdeg, faqtobrivad, marto Seudga nugzari da marto qaCavda amxela uRels. viciT, rom rogorc biomravalferovneba aris SesanarCunebeli, aseve unda
gadavarCinoT qarTuli enis leqsikuri da idiomaturi mravalferovneba. da es mravalferovneba gaqreba, mokvdeba, Tu is ar aris gamoyenebuli. mTeli am simdidris gamoyeneba
SeuZliaT SataiZes, rezo inaniSvils da kidev ramdenime sxva mwerals, romlebic cxovroben enaSi~.
kote jandieri
nugzar SataiZe daibada 1944 wlis 9 marts, TbilisSi. igi Tavdapirvelad swavlobda
vaJTa me-20 skolaSi, daamTavra 62-e skola. swavlobda jer Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, Semdeg politeqnikur institutSi, fizikis fakultetze.
25
daintereseba qarTuli mwerlobiT adreul asakSi gamoavlina. revaz inaniSvilis, guram rCeuliSvilisa da sxvaTa Semoqmedebam, kidev ufro gauZliera da gauRviva interesi
da siyvaruli mwerlobisadmi. misi pirveli moTxroba `TeTri yvavilebi~ daibeWda 1968
wels Jurnal `ciskarSi~. 1979 wels gamosca moTxrobebis pirveli krebuli `moTxrobebi~.
aris mravali mxatvruli da dokumenturi filmis scenaris avtori da reJisori. giorgi
ovaSvilis filmi `gaRma napiri~ misi novelis `mogzauroba afrikaSi~ mixedviT Seiqmna.
mas patara da myudro garemo hqonda muSaobisTvis Seqmnili. sololakSi, patara sakuTar saxlSi erTi oTaxi moiwyo, zamTarSi ZiriTadad iq werda, gazafxulis dadgomidan
gvian Semodgomamde ki ezoSi, didi mwvane qolgis qveS Sefarebuli ijda, magidaze furclebs gaSlida... quCaSi moTamaSe bavSvebis Jivil-xivili weraSi xels ar uSlida. gvian Ramemde muSaobda.
araerTxel gaCerebula moTxrobisa Tu novelis werisas, miutovebia naweri da wle­bis
Semdeg mibrunebia. wera SuaRamesac rom daemTavrebina, moTxrobas Svilebs da meuRles
ukiTxavda. swrafad, didi gancdiT kiTxulobda. meuRle etyoda xolme, me TviTon wavikiTxavo, magram ar anebebda. zogierTi moTxrobis mosmenis Semdeg qals Zili aRar ekareboda, kaci ki emociisgan daclili da SromiT daRlili maSinve iZinebda.
sakuTari moTxrobebidan bevri uyvarda, bevric _ ara. mis yvela moTxrobaSi garkveuli tragizmi SeimCneva. cxadia, bevri ram awuxebda da Tavs uflebas ar aZlevda, bolomde
bednieri yofiliyo.
momzadebulia internet gverdebis `kviris palitra~ da `radio Tavisuflebis~
mixedviT.
Seaxsenebs im filmsac, romelic am nawarmoebis mixedviT aris gadaRebuli (klasis
erTi nawili, SeiZleba, icnobs mas); gaafrTxilebs, rom teqstis gmiri miusafari bavSvia,
amitomac mis metyvelebaSi xSirad SexvdebaT saliteraturo enis normebidan gadaxvevis
SemTxvevebi; rac Seexeba teqstis saTauris gaazrebas, am etpaze, Cveni azriT, ar aris
saWiro masze yuradRebis gamaxvileba, misi analizi moxdeba teqstis I nawilis wakiTxvis
Semdeg.
aqtivoba 3. teqstis kiTxva (15 wT). _ am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT rogorc tradiciuli `komentirebuli kiTxva~, ise _ e.w. `marTuli kiTxva~, rac gulisxmobs moswavleTa
mier teqstis Cumad wakiTxvasa da gzadagza SeniSvnebis gakeTebas.
meTodis aRwera:
moswavleebs winaswar vacnobT im pirobiT niSnebs, romlebic maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon am dros (SeiZleba gavakraT dafaze plakatis saxiT):
`V~ _ rac ukve icodnen mocemuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb;
`_~ _maTi azris sapirispiro informacia;
`+~ _ axali informacia;
`?~ _ rac ver gaiges (SeniSvna: am pirobiTi niSnebis raodenoba SeiZleba Seicvalos
maswavleblis Sexedulebisamebr).
moswavleebs vTxovT, rom teqstis kiTxvis procesSi mindorze es pirobiTi niSnebi
dasvan. aucilebeli ar aris, yoveli striqonis an azris aRniSvna, SesaZloa, moswavlem
mxolod erTi termini an mTlianad abzaci moniSnos;
SesaZlebelia erTdroulad ori niSnis gamoyeneba;
amgvari muSaoba SeiZleba CavataroT rogorc individualuri, ise wyvilebSi kiTxvis
procesSi.
teqstis wakiTxvisa da damuSavebis Semdeg SeiZleba am cxrils saboloo saxe mivceT.
aqtivoba 4. teqstis gaazreba (5-6 wT): teqstis gageba-gaazrebis mizniT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul kiTxvebTan erTad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT damatebiTi kiTxvebic:
26
_ vin da vin arian am nawarmoebis moqmedi pirebi? romelia maT Soris mTavari gmiri?
aramTavari? sad cxovroben? riT irCenen Tavs? vin zrunavs maTze? saqarTvelos romeli
kuTxidan arian isini? ra aerTianebs maT?..
_ ratom ynosaven biWebi webos? riT xsnis amas mTavari gmiri?
_ riT iRupeba wupaka?
_ ratom anebebs mTavari gmiri webos ynosvas Tavs?
_ ratom surs mas afxazeTSi dabruneba?
_ vis mimarTavs igi rCevisaTvis?
_ saqarTvelos romeli qalaqebia/dabebia teqstSia naxsenebi? vis mier aris amJamad
es teritoria okupirebuli?
_ rogor aris aRwerili omamdeli afxazeTis cxovreba?
_ SeadareT erTi qarTuli ojaxis cxovreba omamde da omis Semdeg...
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT): a) I nawilis mixedviT aagon werilobiTi teqsti:
`miusafari bavSvebis cxovreba~, b) Sinaarsis gadmosacemad Seadginon gegma.
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi davalebis Semowmeba da analizi (5-7 wT).
aqtivoba 2. wakiTxuli Sinaarsis nawil-nawil gadmocema winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT (10-12 wT).
gegmas daaxloebiT aseTi saxe SeiZleba hqondes:
a) miusafari bavSvebi muyaos yuTSi/muyaos `saxli~;
b) `mogzauroba afrikaSi~ webosTan erTad;
g) wupakas sikvdili;
d) patara maTxovrebi;
e) dedisgan wamosvla;
v) saSineli omi/omis saSineleba;
z) moulodneli gadawyvetileba;
T) afxazeTisken gamgzavreba;
i) mogonebebi afxazeTze.
aqtivoba 3. teqstis analizi (10-12 wT):
_ ras vgebulobT teqstidan mTavari gmiris Sesaxeb? (afxazeTidan ltolvili qarTveli bavSvia, romlis mamamac afxazeTidan wamosvla ver SeZlo, deda ki ukidures gaWirvebaSia da erT-erT savaWro jixurSi muSaobs).
_ ratom aRmoCnda is quCaSi? (ojaxi afxazeTis omis Semdeg Tbilisis erT-erT sastumroSi cxovrobda, saidanac mTavari gmiri wamovida dedasTan usiamovnebis gamo).
_ ratom aqvs dedasTan usiamovneba? (dedas xasiaTi gaufuWa omma da mudmivma gaWirvebam, galoTda, Svils cudad eqceva, xSirad umizezodac scems).
_ biWis ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi? daasabuTeT teqstis mixedviT (mTavari gmiri
sakmaod gabedulia; damoukidebelia; aRar endoba adamianebs, Tavis namdvil saxelsac
aravis umxels; xSirad cruobs; ynosavs webos da bruvdeba _ toqsikomania; qurdobs; gulis siRrmeSi Zalian ganicdis dedasTan daSorebas da dardobs masze...).
_ daasaxeleT is faqtorebi, ramac, Tqveni azriT, xeli Seuwyo masSi uaryofiTi Tvisebebis Camoyalibebas (quCa, uzedamxedveloba, adamianuri siyvarulis deficiti/nakleboba, mudmivi gaWirveba... ).
_ ra aris yovelive amis mizezi? (omi).
_ Tqveni azriT, rogor warimarTeboda misi cxovreba, omi rom ar yofiliyo? (savaraudod, isic ise icxovrebda, rogorc uamravi misi Tanatoli, gaizrdeboda ojaxSi mSoblebis yuradRebiTa da siyvaruliT garemoculi, ivlida skolaSi...).
27
_ rogor fiqrobT, ra problema dasva mweralma am nawarmoebSi? (omi saSinelebaa, igi
uamravi adamianis cxovrebas anadgurebs).
_ Cveni qveynis cxovrebis ra periodia gadmocemuli teqstSi? ra miniSnebebia amis Sesaxeb teqstSi? SeecadeT, miaxloebiT gansazRvroT wlebi (es aris Cveni saukunis damdegi,
afxazeTis omis dros _ 1994 w. _ mTavari gmiri eqvsi wlis iyo, axla igi daaxloebiT 14-15
wlis aris, teqstSi naxsenebi miwisZvris Sedegad dangreuli saxlic 2001 wlis miwisZvraze
miniSnebaa, swored im periodSi momravldnen TbilisSi miusafari bavSvebic...) da teqstis
mixedviT daaxasiaToT es periodi.
aqtivoba 4. teqstis enobriv mxareze dakvirveba (10-12 wT):
_ teqstSi uxvad gvxvdeba barbarizmebi da Jargonuli metyvelebis nimuSebi. riT
xsniT am faqts? (nawarmoebis mTavari gmiri miusafaria, quCaSi cxovrobs, urTierToba
uxdeba Tavisnair miusafarebTan, ar dadis skolaSi, ar kiTxulobs...).
_ moZebneT teqstSi barbarizmebisa da Jargonis nimuSebi da SecvaleT isini literaturuli SesatyvisebiT. ra Seicvla amiT teqstSi? (teqsts moaklda gamomsaxveloba,
daujerebelia miusafari bavSvisgan amgvari formebiT saubari...).
_ romel pirSia teqstSi Txroba? Tqveni azriT, ratom mimarTavs am xerxs mwerali?
(ufro gasagebi rom gaxados mTavari gmiris cxovreba, misi gancdebi; ufro rom daaaxloos igi mkiTxvelTan).
_ romeli piris nacvalsaxels iyenebs teqstis gmiri sakuTar Tavze saubrisas?
_ moZebneT teqstSi a) piris nacvalsaxelebi (me vixarSav, Sen wevxar, isini dadian... ), b)
kuTvnilebiT nacvalsaxelebi (Cemi logini, misi sikvdili, Cems yvirilze...).
dafaze iwereba ori winadadeba:
`maT miTxres, rom CemTvis adrea kldidan gadmoxtoma~.
`maTma saubarma mec damainteresa~.
_ romel sityvas/metyvelebis nawils ukavSirdeba I winadadebaSi nacvalsaxeli maT?
(zmnas). romeli piris moqmedebas aRniSnavs igi? (aRniSnavs mravlobiT ricxvSi III piris
moqmedebas).
_ II winadadebaSi nacvalsaxeli maTma romel metyvelebis nawils axlavs? (arsebiT
saxels). romel brunvaSia es arsebiTi saxeli? (moTxrobiTSi).
vaZlevT saTanado ganmartebas: pirvel winadadebaSi maT piris nacvalsaxelia, radgan
igi zmnas (miTxres) ukavSirdeba. mas aq brunvis niSani ar sWirdeba. meore SemTxvevaSi ki maTma
kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelia, radgan arsebiT saxels (saubari) ukavSirdeba da masTan erTad
ibrunvis, amitomac aqvs brunvis niSani.
dafaze vabrunebT am sintaqsur wyvils: `maTi saubari.~
sax. maT-i saubar-i
moTxr. maT-ma saubar-ma
mic. maT-s saubar-s
naT. maT-i saubr-is
moq. maT-i saubr-iT
viT. maT saubr-ad
wod. -----------------------eZleva daskvna: kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli arsebiTTan erTad iseve ibrunvis rogorc TanxmovanfuZiani zedsarTavi arsebiTTan erTad.
aqve vakvirvebT vin? da ra? kiTxviT nacvalsaxelebTan dakavSirebul marTlmetyvelebisa da marTlweris sakiTxebze, saxelmZRvaneloSi moTavsebul marTebul da umarTebulo
formebze. klasSive sruldeba davaleba #1.
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT): a) davaleba #2, b) damoukideblad waikiTxon
teqstis meore nawili da kiTxvis procesSi gamoiyenon `marTuli kiTxvis~ is pirobiTi ni28
Snebi, romelTac wina gakveTilze gaecnen (`V~ rac ukve vicodi, `_~ Cemi azris sapirispiro
informacia, `+~ axali informacia, `?~ rac ver gavige). g) Seadginon Sinaarsis gadmosacemad gegma.
III gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis Semowmeba da analizi (5-7 wT).
aqtivoba 2. wakiTxuli teqstis gageba-gaazreba (15-20 wT): gaanalizdeba moswavleebis
mier Sin teqstis kiTxvis procesSi gamoyenebuli pirobiTi niSnebis sistema. maswavleblis
amocanaa, arc erT moswavles ar darCes gaugebari da auxsneli is adgili, romelic man
`?~-iT aRniSna. Semdeg moswavleebi winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT gadmoscemen II Tavis Sinaarss. gegmas, savaraudod, aseTi saxe SeiZleba hqondes:
a) enguris xidze gadasvla
b) zRvasTan Sexvedra/ oCamCireSi
g) afxazi maspinZlebi
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul masalasTan erTad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Semdegi kiTxvebic:
_ visTan erTad mgzavrobs biWi galamde? ras vgebulobT teqstidan am mgzavrebis
Sesaxeb? sad cxovroben? ratom uxdebaT Sinisaken mimavalT sazRvris gadalaxva? ra enaze
mimdinareobs saubari avtobusSi? ras usvams amiT mwerali xazs? ra erovnebis arian es
adamianebi? (biWi galel qarTvelebTan erTad mgzavrobs. mwerali xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom sazRvari saqarTvelos ZirZvel tertorias Suaze yofs, adgilobriv qarTvelebs
Sin misasvlelad saSvis wardgena sWirdebaT rus mesazRvreebTan...).
_ ra informacias flobs biWi afxazeTisa da afxazebis Sesaxeb? (`TbilisSi afxaz
boevikebze saSineli ambebi dadioda~...). ramdenad marTldeba es informacia? (nawilobriv
marTldeba: marTalia, axla iq omi aRar aris da sisxli aRar iRvreba, magram qarTvelebi iq
mainc ucxod grZnoben Tavs _ Sin misasvlelad sazRvris gadalaxva da rusi mesazRvreebisaTvis saSvis Cveneba sWirdebaT).
_ oCamCireSi Casul biWs zRva Zalian Soreulad, ucxod da saSiSad eCveneba, Tqveni azriT, ratom? (misTvis iqauroba ucxoa, mas araferi aRar agonebs omamdel afxazeTs,
romelic ase enatreboda; TiTqos zRvac ki Seicvala, aRar aris iseTi, ase rom uyvardaT
iqaur qarTvelebs; irgvliv SiSia, mweralic amis Cvenebas cdilobs...).
_ biWi mTel sazogadoebas `cudebad~ da `kargebad~ yofs (`amqveynad cudi da boroti xalxi ufro metia, vidre kargi~...). misi azriT, vin arian `cudebi~? `kargebi~? ra
aris misTvis amgvari dayofis safuZvveli? (misi cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba. gaWirvebam
quCaSi is uamrav usindiso adamians Seaxvedra, Tumca maT Soris iyvnen `kargebic~, magram
ufro cota).
_ `ro momekla, maSin mec cudi viqnebodi, magram, meore mxriv, ar iyo mosaklavi?~_
rogor fiqrobT, aqvs mas amgvari fiqris safuZveli? (daasabuTeT Tqveni azri). amarTlebs
igi adamianis (Tundac cudis) mkvlelobas? (ar amarTlebs). raze migvaniSnebs es fraza?
(masSi jer ar gamqrala sikeTis grZnoba, sabolood ar gaborotebula).
_ ramdenad gamarTlebulia, Tqveni azriT, amgvari dayofa? (daasabuTeT Tqveni azri).
_ is adamianebi, romlebTanac mas urTierToba mouxda afxazeTSi, `cudebi~ arian Tu
`kargebi~?
_ rogor fiqrobT, SeZleben es adamianebi masSi sikeTis gaRvivebas? (daasabuTeT
Tqveni azri).
_ yuradRebiT waikiTxeT afxazur ojaxSi stumrobis amsaxveli epizodi. ra iqcevs aq
Tqvens yuradRebas? (afxazebi icaven stumarmaspinZlobis Zvel kavkasiur tradicias, maT
29
ar sZulT qarTvelebi, bevri maTgani Sereuli ojaxidan aris: deda hyavs qarTveli, isini
erTnairad floben qarTul da rusul enebs, rusulad ekontaqtebian iq mcxovreb qarTvelebsac; rac Seexeba afxazurs _ maT umravlesobas rusulad saubari urCevnia imitom, rom
rusuli skola aqvs damTavrebuli, maTi mSobliuri ena ukve rusulia, rusulma Caanacvla
afxazuri...).
aqtivoba 3. enobriv mxareze dakvirveba (10-15 wT):
a) informacia qarTveluri enebis Sesaxeb:
_ teqstSi uamravi megruli sityva Tu fraza gvxvdeba. raze migvaniSnebs es garemoeba? (am okupirebul teritoriaze dResac uamravi qarTveli, kerZod megreli, cxovrobs).
_ ra gaxsovT wina klasebidan megruli enis Sesaxeb? enaTa romel jgufs ganekuTvneba
igi? romeli enebia am jgufSi gaerTianebuli? aqedan romel enas aqvs damwerloba?
b) personaJis metyvelebaze dakvirveba:
_ teqstSi kvlav gvxvdeba barbarizmebi da Jargonebi. SecvaleT isini literaturuli
SesatyvisebiT. daakvirdiT _ vin iyenebs amgvar formebs metyvelebisas: mwerali Tu literaturuli gmiri? Tqveni azriT, risTvis dasWirda mwerals Tavisi gmiris amgvari formebiT ametyveleba? (ukeT rom gviCvenos misi sulieri samyaro, ganaTleba; daaxasiaTos is
wre, romelSiac es gmiri trialebs).
g) zmnis raoba: moswavleebisaTvis zmnis raoba da misi ZiriTadi kategoriebi (piri,
ricxvi, dro) wina klasebidan ramdenadme nacnobia. axla Cveni yuradRebis centrSia nasaxelari zmnebi da moswavleTa leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba am kuTxiT. amas emsaxureba
is savarjiSoebi, romlebic saxelmZRvaneloSia warmodgenili (ix. `mosw. wigni~, gv. ???_
bolos Caismeba).
aqtivoba 4. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT): a) pirobiTi niSnebis gamoyenebiT waikiTxon
teqstis III nawili, b) Seadginon gegma teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad.
IV gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. `marTuli kiTxva~ (5-7 wT). gaanalizdeba moswavleTa mier Sin teqstis damoukideblad kiTxvis procesSi gamoyenebuli yvela pirobiTi niSani, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva `?~-iT aRniSnuli monakveTebis analizs.
aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis gadmocema gegmis mixedviT (8-10 wT). gegmas daaxloebiT aseTi saxe SeiZleba hqondes:
a) gzad tyvarCelisaken;
b) mSobliur saxlSi;
g) maro bebiasTan Sexvedra/usiamovno ambebi;
d) Tbilisisaken;
e) warsulTan dabruneba/`mogzauroba afrikaSi~.
moswavleebi nawil-nawil gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss (aucilebeli piroba _ teqstis
Sinaarss gadmoscemen III pirSi, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iyeneben citatebs).
aqtivoba 3. teqstis gaazreba (10-12 wT):
_ waikiTxeT teqstidan is adgili, sadac afxazuri sofelia aRwerili. rogor fiqrobT,
ratom uTmobs mwerali amden yuradRebas soflis aRweras? (unda gviCvenos, rom afxazeTis soflebi arafriT gansxvavdeba danarCeni saqarTvelos soflebisagan: igive buneba,
igive meurneoba, igive Senobebi, afxazebs ki garegnobiT verc gaarCevT qarTvelebisgan...).
_ tyvarCelSi Casuli Cveni gmiri imedgacruebuli rCeba. ra aris misi imedgacrue30
bis mizezi? (qalaqi dacarielebulia, Senobebi _ dangreuli, irgvliv aravin aris nacnobi,
qalaqs omisa da gaWirvebis beWedi azis; bina, sadac adre is cxovrobda, upatronod aris
mitovebuli...).
_ Cveni gmiri didi sifrTxiliT iRebs saTamaSo daTunias da CanTaSi inaxavs. risi Cveneba surs am epizodiT mwerals? (biWisTvis Zvirfasia yvelaferi, rac mis warsul cxovrebasTan aris dakavSirebuli; gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia is ojaxuri myudroeba, romelic aq
darCa, tyvarCelSi, am daTuniasTan erTad; daTunia misi bednieri bavSvobis gansaxierebaa,
amitom aris es TaTmoglejili daTunia misTvis aseTi Zvirfasi...).
_ tyvarCelSi dabrunebuli biWi igebs, rom mamamisi cocxalia, magram es faqti mas ar
uxaria. rogor fiqrobT, ratom? (mamam meore ojaxi Seqmna, yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvita
maTTan. biWi amas Ralatad aRiqvams, iseve, rogorc adre Ralatad aRiqva dedis saqcieli).
_ rogor gesmiT maro bebos sityvebi: `afxazi Tu yavda kacs colad, ar erCodnen...~?
(moxuci cdilobs gaamarTlos mamamisis saqcieli, amave dros migviTiTebs im realobaze,
rasac adgili hqonda omis dros).
_ ratom gadawyvita biWma dedisaTvis qorwinebis beWdis dabruneba? (mixvda, rom mSoblebis gansja ar SeiZleba).
_ ra gamosavals poulobs igi? (kvlav webos ubrundeba).
_ ra aris amis mizezi (mizezebi)? (imedgacrueba. imedi hqonda, rom afxazeTSi wasvliT
gaacocxlebda Zvel, uSfoTvel cxovrebas _ afxazeTi xom mis maxsovrobaSi simSvidesa da
ojaxur myudroebasTan iyo gaigivebuli! Sexvdeboda mamas, romelic mas daexmareboda, am
wumpidan amosuliyo. awmyosTan erTad mas daengra warsulic. misTvis yoveldRiurobidan gaqcevis erTaderTi saSualeba bavSvobis mogoneba iyo, axla es mogonebac aRar eqneba.
adre webos ynosvas igi siciviTa da zamTris yinvebiT xsnida, axla ki am axsnisTvisac ar
iwuxebs Tavs, yvelaferi isedac gasagebia; keTilma adamianebma ver SeZles misi gadarCena).
_ rogor afasebT mis am moqmedebas? (daasabuTeT Tqveni azri).
aqtivoba 4. wyvilebSi muSaoba: interviu mTavar gmirTan (7-8 wT).
meTodis aRwera:
moswavleebi wyvilebSi Camoweren im kiTxvebs, romlebic maT am literaturuli gmiris mimarT gauCndaT. SeiZleba muSaobas amgvari saxec mivceT: erTi moswavle wers kiTxvas,
misi mewyvile ki _ savaraudo pasuxs, romelic SeiZleba am gmirs hqondes.
aqtivoba 5. `vici, minda vicode, viswavle~ (5 wT).
_ ra SeityveT axali am teqstidan afxazeTis Sesaxeb?
moswavleebi individualurad avseben svets `viswavle~ (am sqemis pirveli ori grafa
maT teqstis gacnobamde Seavses _ ix. I gakveTili).
aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT): erTxel kidev yuradRebiT gadaxedon teqsts da
moemzadon debatebisaTvis: toqsikomania (webos ynosva) _ danaSauli Tu xsna? moiZion saTanado masala am mizniT internetresursebiT.
V gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. debatebi: toqsikomania _ danaSauli Tu xsna/Tavis Svela? (15 wT).
meTodis aRwera:
moswavleebi iyofian or jgufad. TiToeul jgufSi erTiandebian Tanamoazreni (1.
toqsikomania _ danaSauli, 2. toqsikomania _ Tavis Svela, xsna). kamaTi iwyeba dapirispirebuli mxareebidan TiTo warmomadgenlis gamosvliT. amis Semdeg dro eTmobaT sxva monawileebsac orive mxridan.
aucilebeli pirobebi:
31
• daicvan drois limiti _ debatebisaTvis saerTo sagakveTilo droidan gamoiyofa
15 wT, jgufidan gamomsvlelebs _ 3-4 wT, kamaTSi monawileebs _ 1-2 wT.
• TiToeul monawiles gamosvla SeuZlia mxolod maswavleblis nebarTviT;
• dauSvebelia monawileTa Soris dapirispireba;
• TiToeuli mosazreba faqtebiT unda iyos gamyarebuli;
• TiToeul msurvels unda mieces azris gamoTqmis saSualeba;
• aucileblad unda daicvan koreqtulobisa da eTikis wesebi...
aqtivoba 2. Sefaseba (2-3 wT). am mizniT maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos e s g mier
rekomendebuli Semajamebeli Sefasebis sqema zepirmetyvelebaSi:
ქულები
პირობასთან შესაბამისობა
იცავს დროის ლიმიტს
იცავს პირობის შინაარსობრივ მოთხოვნებს (მოსაზრება,
არგუმენტები, დასკვნა)
კომუნიკაციური უნარ-ჩვევები
გასაგებად აყალიბებს მოსაზრებას და თანამიმდევრულად
ავითარებს მას
მოჰყავს ადეკვატური არგუმენტები და მაგალითები
გამოაქვს ადეკვატური დასკვნა
ენობრივი უნარ-ჩვევები
ადეკვატურად იყენებს ზეპირი მსჯელობისათვის
დამახასიათებელ არავერბალურ საშუალებებს (მაგ.,
ჟესტიკულაციას, ინტერვალს საუბარში, ხმის სხვადასხვა
დონეს და ა.შ.)
იყენებს მსჯელობითი ტექსტისათვის დამახასიათებელ
ენობრივ-გრამატიკულ ფორმებსა და ენობრივ
კონსტრუქციებს (მაგ., განკერძოებულ სიტყვებს,
გამოთქმებს, ჩართულს, პირობით-შედეგობით
კონსტრუქციას და ა.შ.)
შემოქმედებითი უნარ-ჩვევები
აქვს საინტერესო მოსაზრებები, მოჰყავს ორიგინალური
არგუმენტები, მაგალითები
ქულათა მაქსიმალური რაოდენობაა 10
(ქულები მრგვალდება მთელი სიზუსტით)
0_1
0 _ 0, 5 _ 1
0 _ 1- 2
0 _ 1- 2
0_1
0-1
0_1
0_1
aqtivoba 3. Sejameba_ wakiTxulis Sefaseba: (5-7 wT).
_ ra Temas Seexeba es teqsti? ra aris ZiriTadad masSi aRwerili? (miusafari bavSvebis cxovreba, maTi yoveldRiuri yofa; is mizezebi, romlebmac isini aseTebad aqcia).
_ garda miusafari bavSvebis cxovrebisa, kidev ra sakiTxebs exeba mwerali? (es aris
qarTvelebisa da afxazebis urTierToba, maT Soris mesame Zalis arseboba, romelsac
mwerali xSirad gviCvenebs _ rusi jariskaci enguris xidTan, rusuli warwerebi, rusuli metyveleba..., agreTve _ mSoblebisa da Svilebis urTierToba, im mizezebis Zebna, romlebic maT daSorebasa da gaucxoebas iwvevs; toqsikomania, rogorc narkomaniisaken gadadgmuli pirveli nabiji... ).
32
_ ra aris mwerlis saTqmeli? ra safiqrebels utovebs igi mkiTxvels? (aq CamoTvlili yvela problemis gamomwvevi mizezi omia, romelic angrevs da anadgurebs adamianebis
cxovrebas, ucvlis maT xasiaTs, aqcevs damnaSaveebad; omi saSinelebaa yvelasTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki _ bavSvebisaTvis!...).
aqtivoba 4. strategia 3. 2. 1 _ 3 ram, ramac damafiqra; 2 ram, raSic avtors ar veTanxmebi; 1
ram, ris Sesaxebac metis gagebas visurvebdi (5 wT).
aqtivoba 5. teqtis enobriv mxareze dakvirveba (10 wT):
a) dialeqtizmebze dakvirveba,
b) zmniswinis funqciaze dakvirveba,
g) zmniswinTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris sakiTxebi.
aqtivoba 6. (1-2 wT). saSinao davaleba: aagon werilobiTi Txzuleba Seswavlili teqstis
mixedviT: `afxazeTi dRes~.
Sedegebi: VII-1, VII-4, VII-7, VII-9, VII-10, VII-11, VII-13.
33
gakveTilis masala: `werilebi vaJiSvils~ Cesterfildi (Targmani b. miqelaZisa), zmnis
subieqturi da obieqturi piri.
miznebi:
• aramxatvruli teqstis wakiTxva-gaanalizeba;
• sakomunikacio teqstis miznisa da adresatis amocnoba;
• miRebuli informaciis gaziareba;
• miznobrivi teqstis (werili) damoukideblad Seqmna;
• kiTxvisa da weris strategiebis daufleba;
• diskusiaSi monawileobisas jgufuri da individualuri strategiebis gamoyeneba;
• zmnis pirianobaze dakvirveba da saTanado daskvnebis gamotana.
I gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5 wT).
aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisTvis mzadeba / provocireba (5-7 wT).
aq SegviZlia sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyeneba, gTavazobT erT-erTs:
maswavlebeli klass avalebs Camoweron furclebze is 3 mTavari amocana, romelic
SeiZleba miznad daisaxos Tanamedrove axalgazrdam cxovrebaSi (mag., moixados vali RvTisa da eris winaSe, SeiZinos didi codna, iyos kargad aRzrdili pirovneba...).
moswavleebi TavianT mosazrebebs klass acnoben da msjeloben am sakiTxebis irgvliv.
moqmedebs principi: yvelas azri sayuradReboa.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli klass awvdis informacias lordi Cesterfildis Sesaxeb,
romelic cnobilia Tavis epistolaruli memkvidreobiT.
aqtivoba 3. teqstis kiTxva da gaazreba (10 wT).
teqstis ukeT gaazrebisaTvis viyenebT kiTxvis meTods `ormxriv CanawerTa dRiuri~.
am meTodis daxmarebiT siRrmiseulad iazreben teqsts da akavSireben mocemul masalas
sakuTar gamocdilebasTan.
meTodis aRwera:
rveulis furceli vertikaluri xaziT orad unda gayon.
teqstidan marcxena svetSi unda Seitanon winadadebebi an frazebi, romlebic maTze
did STabeWdilebas axdenen.
marjvena grafaSi unda Caweron mosazreba, komentari, argumenti, Tu ratom SearCies
es fraza? SeiZleba es iyos cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba an maT xelT arsebuli informacia.
es amocana rom gauadvildeT, SegviZlia winaswar CamovuweroT damxmare kiTxvebi:

ra mosazrebiT SearCieT es monakveTi?

raze CagafiqraT man?

ra kiTxvebi dagebadaT?
vavalebT waikiTxon teqsti individualurad an wyvilebSi. teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg
eZlevaT dro imisaTvis, rom gaakeTon Canawerebi.
moswavleebi TavianT Canawerebs survilisamebr uziareben klass.
aqtivoba 4. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema (6-8 wT):
moswavleebi gamokveTen nawarmoebis mTavar informacias da faqtebze orientirebul
kiTxvebze pasuxebiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss.
34
_ razea pirvel werilSi saubari? (drois fasze. anu rogor gamoviyenoT sworad da
nayofierad dro).
_ ra miaCnia werilis avtors yvelaze did ganZad? ras urCevs igi Svils?(safuZvliani
codnis dagroveba. Tvrameti wlis asakamde miiRe codna, Torem mere mas veRar daeuflebi).
_ ras uwodebs igi codnas? (codna es aris moxucebulobis TavSesafari, navTsayudari).
_ ra garigebas sTavazobs igi Svils? (gaZlev patiosan sityvas, Tu Seasruleb yvelafers, rasac Sengan moviTxov Tvrameti wlis asakamde, SemdegSi, mTeli Cemi cxovrebis
manZilze, Segisruleb yvelafers, rasac ki moindomeb...).
_ ras urCevs mama Svils meore werilSi? (moeqeci sxvas ise, rogorc Sen isurvebdi,
rom mogpyrobodnen..).
_ adamianebTan urTierTobis ra formaze saubrobs igi? (megobrul, humanur damokidebulebaze).
_ ratom ar miaCnia mas sakuTar Tavze laparaki misaRebad? (Tu namdvilad imsaxureb
qebas da pativiscemas, `xalxi Sens gareSec gaigebs amas, rac SenTvis gacilebiT ufro sasaxeloa~).
aqtivoba 5. enobriv mxareze dakvirveba (10-12 wT).
daakvirdiT teqsts da upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
_ vis ugzavnian werils? vin aris am werilebis adresati? (vaJiSvili).
_ vin aris adresanti _ vin agzavnis werils?(mama).
_ werilis adresati da adresanti oficialuri pirebi arian Tu kerZo? (kerZo).
_ ra saxis aris es werili: saqmian-oficialuri Tu piradi?(piradi).
_ ra mizniT agzavnis adresanti am werils? ras Seicavs es werili? a) milocvas, b)
mobodiSebas, g) rCeva-darigebis micemas, e) madlobis gadaxdas. (swori pasuxia g).
moswavleebs vakvirvebT teqstze da vavalebT miaqcion yuradReba, rogor iwyebs werilis weras adresanti.
_ vis mimarTavs igi? rogor mimarTavs?(Cemo sayvarelo biWo! mimarTavs Svils).
_ rogor amTavrebs igi Tavis werilebs? (mSvidobiT).
_ sad uTiTebs werilis daweris TariRs?(werilis daweras iwyebs TariRiT, marcxena
zeda kuTxeSi).
_ Tqveni azriT, ra aucilebeli niSnebiT xasiaTdeba piradi werili? ra unda gaviTvaliswinoT amgvari werilebis Sedgenisas? werili unda iyos sada, uSualo, masSi unda Candes adresatis mimarT keTilganwyobili damokidebuleba, rCevebi unda mivceT taqtianad,
misi asakis, interesebis da sulieri samyaros gaTvaliswinebiT. moswavleebs yuradReba
unda mivaqcevinoT piradi werilis miwerisas formaze, Temaze, misalmebaze, xelmoweraze,
TariRze da a.S.
aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT). teqstis mixedviT dawereT mamis rCeva-darigeba
swavla-aRzrdis, zneobisa da eTikis Sesaxeb (gaiTvaliswineT ojaxis wevrebis azric am
sakiTxis Sesaxeb).
II gakveTili
aqtivoba1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5 wT).
aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis gaazreba-wvdoma (10 wT):
_ Tqven gaecaniT me-18 saukuneSi daweril or werils, romelTac mama uZRvnis Svils.
orives damrigeblobiTi xasiaTi aqvs. am rCevebidan romelia TqvenTvis dRes misaRebi?
miuRebeli? ratom? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri.
_ `... es werilebi SeiZleba xelSi mivceT yvela ymawvils~, _ eTanxmebiT Tu ara am
Sefasebas?
35
moswavleebi pasuxoben maswavleblis mier dasmul kiTxvebze, msjeloben, ayalibeben
mosazrebebs da argumentebiT amyareben.
aqtivoba 3. weris strategia _ RAFT (roli, auditoria, formati, Tema) (10-13 wT):
meTodis aRwera:
• airCion Tema, romelzec isurveben weras _ siyvaruli, megobroba, swavla, garToba,
bunebis dacva...
• airCion roli, vis rolSi isurveben yofnas? e.i. vin iqneba werilis adresanti.
CamovweroT maT mier SerCeuli rolebi dafaze (mama, Svili, maswavlebeli, mwerali...);
• vis misweren werils _ vin iqneba adresati; moswavleebma unda SearCion Sesaferisi
auditoria (konkretuli piri, istoriuli pirovneba, saxelmwifo moxele, saxelmwifo organizacia...) ;
• axla formati unda SevarCioT _ werili/gancxadeba/mimarTva/anderZi...
• yovelive amis Semdeg moswavleebs vaZlevT dros da weren;
• weris damTavrebis Semdeg survilisamebr kiTxuloben sakuTar nawerebs;
• SegviZlia moswavleTa naSromebi (visac survili aqvs) kedelze gamovakraT.
aqtivoba 4. mSobliuri enis samyaroSi (10-12 wT).
vakvirvebT winadadebebze:
`zuram didxans irbina ase~, _ irbina man (zuram);
`patara biWma dana amoiRo, gulmodgined gawminda~, _ amoiRo man (biWma) is (dana),
gawminda (man -biWma) is (dana);
`gogonam mamas wyali mourbenina~, _ mourbenina man (gogonam) mas (mamas) is (wyali).
varkvevT:
_ pirvel winadadebaSi vin asrulebs zmniT aRniSnul moqmedebas (irbina)? romelia aq
moqmedi piri? (zura).
_ meore winadadebaSi vin asrulebs zmnebiT: `amoiRo~, `gawminda~ _ aRniSnul moqmedebas? romelia aq moqmedi piri? (biWma).
_ mesame winadadebaSi vin aris moqmedi piri? vin asrulebs zmniT `miurbenina~ _ aRniSnul moqmedebas? (gogonam).
eZleva daskvna: moqmed pirs subieqturi piri hqvia.
_ Cven mier dasaxelebul zmnebSi romelia moqmedi, subieqturi pirebi? (zuram, biWma,
gogonam).
_ ramdeni subieqturi piria TiToeul zmnaSi? (zmnaSi mxolod erTi subieqturi piria).
daakvirdiT:
`mama (is) Svils (mas) werils (mas) swers.~
_ramdenpiriania es zmna `swers~? (orpiriani).
_ romelia aq moqmedi _ subieqturi _ piri? (mama).
_ ras wers mama? (werils). vis swers werils? (Svils).
am kiTxvebis meSveobiT migvyavs daskvnamde, rom zmnaSi, garda subieqturi pirisa,
moipoveba obieqturi _ samoqmedo _ piric.
_ romlebia samoqmedo _ obieqturi _ pirebi Cven mier dasaxelebul zmnaSi swers?
(Svils, werils). ramdeni obieqturi piri aqvs am zmnas? (ori).
deda (is) mamuls (mas) Svils (mas) uzrdis.
Svili (is) mamuls (mas) ezrdeba.
Svili (is) izrdeba.
am zmnebidan romelia erTpiriani? (izrdeba). orpiriani? (ezrdeba). sampiriani? (uzrdis).
36
_ romelia subieqturi (moqmedi) piri pirvel zmnaSi? (deda). meoreSi? (Svili). mesameSi? (Svili).
_ ramdeni obieqturi piri aqvs sampirian zmnas uzrdis? (ori). orpirian zmnas ezrdeba? (erTi). romel zmnas ar moepoveba obieqturi piri? (izrdeba).
eZleva daskvna: sampirian zmnaSi ori obieqturi piria, orpirianSi _ erTi, erTpirian
zmnas ki mxolod subieqturi piri aqvs.
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT). lordi Cesterfildi, `werilebi vaJiSvils~, moiZion damatebiTi masala am avtoris Sesaxeb, Tu survili aqvT, gaecnon mis sxva werilebsac;
werilobiT Seasrulon saxelmZRvaneloSi (gv. ???) mocemuli davaleba zmnis pirianobis
Sesaxeb.
Sedegebi:
VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.
VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
VII. 8. moswavles SeuZlia amoicnos da Seafasos teqstis Sesabamisoba konkretul mizansa
da auditoriasTan.
VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.
VII. 12. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi normebis dacva.
37
gakveTilis masala: gi de mopasani `mindvrebSi~ (Targmna n. cagarelma), zmnis pirianoba, sinonimuri mniSvnelobis zmnebi.
miznebi:
• mxatvruli teqstis kiTxva da gaazreba;
• wakiTxulis Sefaseba da daskvnebis gamotana;
• informaciis miReba da gaziareba;
• kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba;
• Txrobisa da msjelobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba;
• kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba;
• weris strategiebis daufleba.
I gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5 wT).
aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisTvis mzadeba _ gamowveva (10 wT). klasis gamowvevis mizniT viyenebT
aqtivobas `sakvanZo leqsikuri erTeulebiT ambis Sedgena~. teqstidan varCevT 4-5 sakvanZo
sityvas, frazas (qoxi, mezoblebi, simdidre, gaSvileba, umaduri). am sityvebs CamovwerT
dafaze, vTxovT moswavleebs am sityvebis gamoyenebiT Seadginon werilobiTi Txzuleba
am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT e. w. `saavtoro skami~ (saguldagulod morTuli skami,
romelsac viyenebT maSin, roca moswavle Tavis naSroms kiTxulobs, anu roca TviTon aris
Txzulebis avtori).
sanam literaturuli teqstis kiTxvas daviwyebT, mokled vacnobT moswavleebs gi de
mopasanis biografias.
gi de mopasani (sruli saxeli: anri rene alber gi de mopasani, daibada 5 agvistos, 1850,
miromenilis cixe-darbazi, turvil-siur-arkis maxloblad, zRvispireTis sena — gardaicvala 6 ivlisi, 1893, parizi) _ frangi mwerali, Tanamedrove moTxrobis stilis erT-erTi fuZemdebelTagani. misi moTxrobebi gamoirCeva stilis ekonomiurobiTa da lakoniuri xerxebiT, romliTac movlenaTa fabula kulminacias aRwevs.
mopasanebi lorenTa Zveli gvaris STamomavlebi iyvnen, romlebic normandiaSi XVIII
saukunis Sua wlebSi dasaxldnen.
camet wlamde gi dedasTan etretaSi, verJis vilaSi, cxovrobda zRvis sanapiroze soflad, sadac is Zalian dauaxlovda bunebas da sports; is xSirad adgilobriv meTevzeebTan
saTevzaod gadioda zRvaSi da glexebTan saubrobda.
Tavdapirvelad ivtos seminariaSi Sedis, Tumca Segnebulad axerxebs Tavis gagdebas. am adreuli religiuri ganaTlebidan mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi mosdevs religiisadmi xazgasmuli siZulvili. Semdeg mas ruenis liceumSi agzavnian, sadac Tavs iCens,
rogorc kargi moswavle da interess amJRavnebs poeziisa da Teatrisadmi.
pirveli moTxrobis motanili warmatebis Semdeg is meTodurad muSaobs da weliwadSi or an sam krebuls uSvebs. is warmatebiT axerxebs talantisa da praqtikuli saqmosanis
unaris Sexamebas, rasac misTvis gavlena da materialuri SeZleba moaqvs.
mas bevri umogzauria alJirSi, italiaSi, inglisSi, bretanSi, siciliasa da overnSi,
da yoveli mogzaurobidan axali krebuliT brundeboda. is Tavisi kerZo iaxtiT `bel-ami~
mogzaurobda, romelsac saxeli sakuTari romanidan daarqva.
cxovrebis bolo wlebSi mas uyalibdeba simartovisadmi gazviadebuli midrekileba,
sikvdilisadmi mudmivi SiSi.1891 wels sulier avadmyofad Seracxes da or weliwadSi, 1893
wlis 6 ivliss, sakuTari 43-e wlisTavamde erTi TviT adre gardaicvala.
dakrZalulia monparnasis sasaflaoze, parizSi.
38
aqtivoba 3. teqstis kiTxva (15-20 wT). teqstis kiTxvisas SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxvadasxva strategia: gTavazobT erT-erT meTods: orientirebuli (pauzebiT) kiTxva.
meTodis aRwera:
teqsts winaswar vyofT ramdenime nawilad, teqsti unda gawydes sakvanZo sakiTxebTan,
raTa momdevno siuJetis Sesaxeb gamoTqvan moswavleebma sakuTari varaudebi. SegviZlia
gamoviyenoT `varaudebis sqema~.
saTauris wakiTxvis Semdeg moswavleebi gamoTqvamen varauds, raze SeiZleba iyos am
teqstSi saubari (misaRebia moswavlis nebismieri pasuxi, romelic saTaurTan iqneba kavSirSi).
teqstis wakiTxva xdeba nawil-nawil, TiToeuli nawilis wakiTxvis Semdeg vakeTebT
pauzas (saorientacio pauzebi: I pauza _ `patara cdilobda... gamaRizianebeli alersi; II _
`me visurvebdi... Tqveni patara biWi~; III _ `stumrebma ... erTxel scades~; IV _ `im Tanxaze...
ojaxisTvis~; V _ ... gaistumres diubierebi; aq vwyvetT teqsts). vxsniT ucxo sityvebsa Tu
gamoTqmebs, pasuxoben maswavleblis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs, amiT kontroldeba teqstis
gagebis procesi, paralelurad ivseba varaudebis sqema, jer pirveli grafa, iniSnaven im
mosazrebebs, romlebzec dayrdnobiTac aRniSnuli varaudebi gauCndaT, mere meore grafa
ivseba da a. S.
varaudebis sqema
rogor fiqrobT,
ra moxdeba?
ratom fiqrobT
ase?
sinamdvileSi ra
moxda?
saTauris
wakiTxvis Semdeg
I monakveTis
wakiTxvis Semdeg
II monakveTis
wakiTxvis Semdeg
III monakveTis
wakiTxvis Semdeg
IV monakveTis
wakiTxvis Semdeg
aqtivoba 4. (7-8 wT). wakiTxulis gaazreba _ wvdoma
teqstis analizi xdeba I-II donis kiTxvebis saSualebiT, igulisxmeba gageba, codna,
(kiTxvebi saxelmZRvanelodan).
_ vin da vin arian am moTxrobis personaJebi?(tuvaSebis ojaxi, valenebis ojaxi, qalbatoni diubieri da misi meuRle).
_ rogor aRwers mwerali maT cxovrebas?( ori glexi Tavdauzogavad Sromobda nayofier miwaze, raTa TavianTi mravalricxovani ojaxebis gamokveba moexerxebinaT... ).
_ riT hgavs es ori ojaxi erTmaneTs?(Raribebi iyvnen, `rogorc qorwineba, agreTve
39
bavSvebis dabadebac am or ojaxSi erTdroulad moxda~...).
_ ra moulodneli gardatexa xdeba am ojaxebis urTierTobaSi? (valenebis ojaxis
gadawyvetilebam tuvaSebis ojaxi gaanawyena da saqciels ar uwonebdnen. `SesaZloa, nanobdnen kidec, rom TviTon uariT gaistumres diubierebi~...).
_ rodis xdeba es cvlileba?(roca valenebis ojaxma bavSvi gaaSvila).
_ ratom Tqves tuvaSebma uari diubierebis winadadebaze?(es dedisaTvis saSineli
qmedebaa, _ ase fiqrobdnen isini).
gakveTili grZeldeba maRali donis kiTxvebiT, romlebic emsaxureba miRebuli
codnis gamoyenebas:
_ ori ojaxi garegnulad erTmaneTs Zalian waagavs, magram Sinaganad ki Zalze
gansxvavebulebi arian. sad, moTxrobis romel nawilSi igrZnoba es gansxvaveba yvelaze
mkafiod?(siRaribis miuxedavad tuvaSebma uari Tqves Svilis gaSvilebaze, valenebi ki ori
aTas frankad daTanxmdnen amas).
_ `valenebma uaris niSnad Tavi gaaqnies; Tumca, rodesac Seityes, rom TveSi as franks
miiRebdnen, dafiqrdnen, TvalebiT erTmaneTs rCeva hkiTxes, iyoymanes~, _ valenebis ra
Tvisebaze migvaniSnebs am sityvebiT avtori? (sixarbem sZliaT, siRaribis dasaZlevad gaimetes sakuTari Svili fulis sanacvlod).
_ rogor fiqrobT, iwonebs Tu ara avtori maT gadawyvetilebas? Tu Cans avtoris
damokidebuleba am faqtis mimarT? daasabuTeT teqstis mixedviT (ar Cans, avtori mxolod
aRwers faqtebs, Sefasebas mkiTxvels andobs).
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2 wT): a)moiZion damatebiTi masala gi de mopasanis Sesaxeb,
b) damoukideblad waikiTxon teqsti bolomde.
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (10-12 wT): _ a) damatebiTi informacia gi
de mopasanis Sesaxeb, b) Sinaarsze orientirebuli kiTxvebis mixedviT teqstis Sinaarsis
nawil-nawil gadmocema.
aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis gaazreba _ wvdoma (7-10 wT): amisaTvis viyenebT I (gageba) da II
(gamoyeneba _ teqstis gaazreba) donis kiTxvebs:
_ rogoria xalxis damokidebuleba valenebis ojaxis mimarT? (akritikeben da ar
moswonT maTi saqcieli).
_ ra garemocvaSi izrdeba Sarlo? riT amayobs igi? (yvela dedamisis saqciels
amarTlebda, Sarloc imiT amayobda, rom Tavis megobarze ukeTesi iyo, radganac ar gayides).
_ rodis icvlis igi Tavis azrs ? (roca 21 wlis iyo da Sin dabrunebuli Tavisi mezobeli _ mdidari Jani _ dainaxa).
_ ras uwodebs igi Tavis Tavs? (ubedur Raribs).
_ ras sayvedurobs mSoblebs? ratom sayvedurobs? (rom gageSvilebineT, axla aseT
siRaribeSi aRar vicxovrebdiTo. is Tavs ubedurad Tvlis, erCia mSoblebs gaeSvilebinaT).
_ ramdenad samarTlianad geCvenebaT Sarlos sayveduri? (am kiTxvaze moswavleebi
TavianT mosazrebebs argumentebiT amyareben).
_ Sarlos ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi?(umadureba, sixarbe).
_ ra Temazea dawerili es moTxroba? (mSoblebisa da Svilebis damokidebulebaze).
_ ra aris mwerlis saTqmeli? (mSoblis siyvarulis, ojaxur siTbos materialuri
faseulobebi ver Secvlis, es yvelam unda gaiTvaliswinos; Svili, romelic am siyvarulze
win yofiT Rirebulebebs ayenebs, umaduria da amasTan erTad, ubeduric).
_ Tu Cans nawarmoebSi mwerlis pozicia? (mwerlis pozicia gamokveTili ar aris da
40
nawarmoebis miznis gansazRvra ufro metad damokidebulia mkiTxvelze, mas eniWeba arCevanis sruli Tavisufleba).
moswavleebs pasuxebisas eZlevaT sruli Tavisufleba. moqmedebs principi: yvelas
azri sainteresoa. isini TavianT pasuxebs asabuTeben da amyareben argumentebiT.
aqtivoba 3. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba (7-8 wT). teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg vaxdenT klasis dakvirvebas enobiv masalaze, vsvamT kiTxvebs, romelzedac moswavleebi pasuxoben:
_ romel qveynaSi xdeba moqmedeba? ra gaZlevT amis Tqmis safuZvels? ra miniSnebebia
amis Sesaxeb teqstSi? (safrangeTSi, franki _ fulis erTeuli, moqmed pirTa saxelebi da
gvarebi ).
_ `kovziT iRebda wvnians, romlis nawilic TefSSi esxmeboda~, _ Tqveni azriT, ratom
iyris Tavs aq ori S? ori S-s Tavmoyras ganapirobebs fuZis bolokidur S Tanxmovanze Si
Tandebulis darTva. sxva aseT magaliTebsac xom ar gaixsenebT? (erTi S Tandebulisaa,
meore ki _ fuZiseuli. lavaSSi, baliSSi, qarqaSSi, qiSmiSSi).
pirSi monacvle zmnebze dakvirveba: `wabrZandiT da aq aRarasdros mobrZandeT~, _ ra
zmnebs iyenebs tuvaSi stumrebTan saubrisas? (wabrZandiT, mobrZandeT). ra grZnobas gamoxatavs igi am zmnebiT? (Tavazianobas. Tumca stumari arasasurvelia misTvis, maspinZeli bolomde cdilobs daicvas etiketi). ra sinonimebi SeiZleba CavunacvloT maT? (wadiT/
waeTeriT; moxvideT/moeTreT). ra Seicvleba amiT teqstSi? (mTqmelis damokidebuleba
mosaubrisadmi).
aq vaZlevT pirSi monacvle zmnebis ganmartebas:
`qarTulSi aris sinonimuri mniSvnelobis zmnebi, romlebic erTmaneTs pirSi enacvlebian: erTi SeiZleba Cveulebrivi saubrisas gamoviyenoT, meore ki _ pativiscemis, Tavazianobis gamosaxatavad~.
aqve vakvirvebT sxva aseT zmnebzec:
Tqvi _ brZane
xar _ brZandebi
modi _ mobrZandi
wadi _ wabrZandi
Wame _ miirTvi
dajeqi _ dabrZandi
aqtivoba. 4. saSinao davaleba. gmiris ruka _ daaxasiaTon valenebisa da tuvaSebis ojaxebi da Seadaron erTmaneTTan, ra saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli Tvisebebi aqvT maT, Sesabamisi
argumentebi moiyvanon teqstidan.
III gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia (5-6 wT).
aqtivoba 2. teqstis mokle Sinaarsis gadmosacemad gegmis Sedgena (8-10 wT).
moswavleebi erTxel kidev Cumad kiTxuloben teqsts, yofen mas nawilebad da adgenen gegmas,
romlis erT-erTi varianti iwereba dafaze. iazreben gegmis TiToeul sakiTxs da akeTeben amis
Sesaxeb mokle komentars (gegma daaxloebiT amgvari SeiZleba iyos):
1. keTili mezoblebi _ tuvaSebi da valenebi;
2. agvistos erTi dRe;
3. diubieri stumrad tuvaSebTan;
4. tuvaSebis gadawyvetileba;
5. diubieri valenebis ojaxSi;
6. SeTanxmeba;
41
7. tuvaSebisa da valenebis ojaxebis uTanxmoeba;
8. tuvaSebis ojaxis gasaWiri;
9. Janis dabruneba;
10.Sarlos umadureba.
aqtivoba 3. minidiskusia (12-15 wT). imarTeba diskusia moswavleebs Soris: dauSves Tu
ara Secdoma Sarlos mSoblebma, rodesac mis gaSvilebaze uari Tqves? amarTlebT Tu ara
mis saqciels? (ho, ara. daasabuTeT Tqveni azri).
meTodis aRwera: moswavleebi ukve icnoben diskusiis wesebs (ix. gakveTilebi
`mogzauroba afrikaSi~). sadiskusiod SeiZleba merxebs SevucvaloT ganlageba, diskusiis
monawileni imgvarad unda isxdnen, rom erTmaneTs xedavdnen da Zalian daSorebulnic
ar iyvnen. merxebis amgvari ganlageba yvelaze pasiur moswavlesac ki diskusiaSi CarTvas
uadvilebs.
dafaze iwereba sadiskusio Tema: gaSvileba _ sikeTe Tu boroteba? kamaTi zedmetad
ar unda gascdes problemas. dauSvebelia mxolod erTi da imave moswavleebis aqtiuroba,
kamaTSi yvelaze pasiuri monawilec unda CavrToT.
SeiZleba gamoviyenoT `mikrofoni~, romelic mxolod im moswavles gadaecema,
romelsac mocemul momentSi saubris ufleba aqvs (mikrofonad SegviZlia pirobiTad
miviCnioT nebismieri nivTi _ kalami, mobiluri telefoni..., romelsac moswavleebi
erTmaneTs gadascemen).
diskusiisas ikveTeba ori mxare, erTi _ vinc amarTlebs Sarlos mSoblebis saqciels da
meore _ vinc Secdomad miiCnevs mSoblebis gadawyvetilebas da iwonebs Sarlos saqciels.
moswavleebi TavianTi pasuxebiT axerxeben personaJebis moqmedebis mizezisa da miznis
axsnas da asabuTeben sakuTar azrs.
aqtivoba 4. mSobliuri enis samyaroSi (10-15 wT). moswavleebs vakvirvebT winadadebebze:
a) `mama (is) Svil-s (mas) weril-s (mas) swers~.
varkvevT:
_ romel droSia aq zmna swers? ra kiTxva daesmis mas? ramdenpiriania?(awmyo,ras
Svreba? sampiriania).
_ romelia aq subieqturi piri? obieqturi?(subieqturia mama, obieqturi _ Svils,
werils).
_ ramdeni obieqturi piri aqvs am zmnas?(ori).
_ romel brunvaSi dgas am zmnis obieqturi pirebi?(micemiTSi).
SevadaroT:
mamam (man) Svil-s (mas) weril-i (is) miswera.
_ romel droSia aq zmna? ra kiTxva daesmis mas?(warsulSi, ra qna?).
_ ramdeni obeqturi piri Seewyoba am zmnas? (ori).
_ romelma obieqtma Seicvala brunva?(werili) romel brunvaSi dadga is?(saxelobiTSi).
_romeli obieqti darCa micemiT brunvaSi?(Svils).
_ am obieqtebidan romelia brunvacvalebadi? (werili) brunvaucvleli?(Svils).
vaZlevT saTanado ganmartebas pirdapiri da iribi obieqtebis Sesaxeb:
obieqti SeiZleba iyos brunvacvalebadi _ pirdapiri da brunvaucvleli _ iribi.
Tu `ra qna~? kiTxvaze pasuxisas zmnis obieqti saxelobiT brunvaSi dadga, igi pirdapiria; xolo Tu igi brunvas ar Seicvlis da micemiT brunvaSi darCa _ iribia.
Cven mier dasaxelebul zmnaSi _`miswera~ _ romelia pirdapiri obieqti? (werili).
iribi? (Svils).
aseve vaanalizebT:
`qori (is) xorcs (mas) niskartiT glejs (ras Svreba?)~_ `qorma xorci (is) niskartiT
daglija~ (ra qna?).
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`mamuls (mas) Svili ezrdeba~(ras Svreba?) _ mamuls (mas) Svili gaezarda (ra qna?).
_ romeli zmnebi gvxvdeba am winadadebebSi?(glejs, daglija, ezrdeba, gaezarda).
_ ramdenpiriania es zmnebi?(orpiriani).
_ romel zmnas Seewyoba pirdapiri obieqti? (glejs) iribi? (ezrdeba) rogor
mixvdiT?(davusviT kiTxva ra qna?pasuxisas zmna Cadga saxelobiT brunvaSi, e.i. pirdapiri
obieqtia. ra qna? kiTxvaze pasuxisas obieqti darCa isev micemiT brunvaSi, e.i. iribia ).
klasSi werilobiT sruldeba davaleba:
mocemuli winadadebebidan amowereT zmnebi, SeuwyveT pirebi da gaarkvieT obieqtur
pirTagan romelia pirdapiri da romeli _ iribi.
1. acremlebuli moxucebi Svils miaCerdnen. 2. marto darCenili Sarlo patronobda
dedas da or das. 3. tuvaSebi sakuTari zRurblidan mdumared, mrisxane saxiT adevnebdnen
Tvals am sanaxaobas. 4. akankalebuli qalbatoni diuberi mSoblebs bavSvis bedze esaubreboda. 5. valenebi puris naWrebs Zunwad usvamdnen karaqs magidis SuaSi mdgari lambaqidan.
6. qalbatoni maSinve daeTanxma aRniSnul winadadebas. 7. moxuci qali Tavis winsafars
recxavda. 8. deda kovziT iRebda qoTnidan wvnians. 9. Tqvennairi mSoblebi TavianT Svilebs aubedureben. 10. Sarlom bedis saZebnelad Tavisi qoxi datova da gzas gaudga.
pasuxebi koleqtiurad gaanalizdeba klasSi.
aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT). misweron werili am moTxrobis erT-erT personaJs. aucilebeli piroba _ daicvan werilisaTvis aucilebeli atributebi.
Sedegebi:
VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.
VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis
gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.
VII. 12. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi normebis dacva.
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maswavleblis gamocdilebidan
nodar dumbaZis moTxroba `koridas~ swavlebis meTodologiuri aspeqtebi
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sabazo safexurze, nodar dumbaZis moTxroba `koridas~ swavlebisas, Cven mier dagegmili saswavlo aqtivobebis safuZvelze, saswavlo mizani
miiRweva Semdegi ZiriTadi mimarTulebebiT: zepirmetyvelebis, mosmenis, werisa da kiTxvis. mozardebi miiReben saTanado codnas, ganiviTareben da daxvewen saswavlo gegmis
mixedviT gaTvaliswinebul sxvadasxva unars (kritikuli azrovnebis, analizis, msjelobis,
sinTezis, diskusiis, da sxv.) da gamoimuSaveben sakuTar damokidebulebas aRZruli problematikis mimarT. aRniSnuli moTxrobis swavlebis Cveneul xedvaSi, garda tradiciulisa, asaxva pova Tanamedrove meTodebmac. igi kompleqsuri xasiaTisaa da iTvaliswinebs
Zveli da axali midgomebis Sejereba-sinTezs.
literaturis saskolo programebSi uxvadaa warmodgenili moTxrobis Janri. Sesabamisad, moswavleebi mas SedarebiT kargad icnoben. Tumca, unda aRvniSnoT, rom swavlebis procesSi meti yuradReba unda daeTmos nawarmoebis Janrobrivi Taviseburebebis
gaTvaliswinebas. moswavle aucileblad unda erkveodes TiToeuli Janris saxelwodebis
konkretul SinaarsSi da analizis etapze SeeZlos Janrobriv TaviseburebaTa warmoCena,
ZiriTadi Tematikis gamoyofa da sxv. mizanSewonilad migvaCnia am mimarTulebiT warimarTos moTxroba `koridaze~ muSaobis procesi.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, maswavleblis komentars SesaZlebelia Semdegnairi saxe
hqondes: nodar dumbaZis `korida~ moTxrobis Janrs ganekuTvneba. sinamdvilis farTod
da mravalmxrivad warmosaxvis TvalsazrisiT, moTxroba romanis Semdeg yvelaze ufro
efeqturi TxrobiTi Janria. mas saSualo formis epikur (TxrobiT) nawarmoebs uwodeben. moTxrobaSi sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela mxare, yvela sfero saxovndeba. maSasadame, es Janric iseTive Tematuri mrvalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba, rogorc romani, magram
moTxroba warmosaxvis sisruliT mkveTrad gansxvavdeba romanisagan. moTxrobaSi erTi
an ori movlena poulobs srul asaxvas, sxva movlenebis mxolod romelime erTi mxare an
saerTo konturebi ixateba.
`nebismieri moTxroba _ esaa struqtura, romelSic movlenebi moeqcevian da romelic
ajgufebs am movlenebs erTmaneTTan, zogierTebs ki gamoricxavs, rogorc arasakmarisad
arsebiT movlenebs~ (m. xarbedia, 2008: 198).
yvela saxis literaturuli Txzulebis SemecnebiTi da esTetikur-mxatvruli Rirsebis erT-erTi ganmapirobebeli komponentia kompozicia, rac mxatvruli nawarmoebis wyobas, agebulebas, nawilebis urTierTSexamebas, Tanazomierebas, sistemas warmoadgens. kompoziciis ZiriTadi arsi Tavisebur gamoxatulebas poulobs literaturul nawarmoebTa
JanrebSi TiToeuli maTganis Sesabamisad (n.Wolokava, 1986).
moTxrobis Janris kompozicia (laT. compositio _ Sedgena SeTxzva) moicavs mxatvruli nawarmoebis Temis, ideis, fabulis, siuJetis, CanarTi epizodebis, sityvieri gamosaxvis yvela mxatvruli saSualebis mizanmimarTul, motivirebul, urTierTSefardebul
ganlagebas. kompoziciaSi vlindeba cxovrebis movlenaTa, sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa
Cvenebis kanonzomiereba mxatvrul nawarmoebSi (a.Wilaia, r.Wilaia, 1984).
moTxrobas Sualeduri adgili uWiravs novelasa da romans Soris. `novelisagan
gansxvavebiT masSi ufro Zlieria lirikuli sawyisi. mxatvrul principad movlenebisa da
faqtebis SemTxveviToba, yoveli epizodis mkveTri emociuroba, iersaxeTa fsiqologizmi
aris qceuli. romanisagan ki mas is ganasxvavebs, rom moTxrobaSi fabula ufro mdovred
viTardeba. moTxrobis Janri saTaves iRebs literaturis gaCenis Semdeg, rac Taviseburad
vlindeba avtoriseuli momentis, rogorc moTxrobis sakompozicio saSualebis gamokveTaSi: avtoriseuli Txroba xasiaTdeba didi TavisuflebiT (aRweriTi, subieqturi, SefasebiTi sawyisebi), an piriqiT, avtoris garegnuli gandgomiT, gauCinarebiT mxatvruli
gamosaxvis sisrulis fonze~ (a. Wilaia, r. Wilaia,1984: 212).
moTxrobaSi mwerlis yuradReba gamaxvilebulia erT an or moqmed pirze, sxva moqme44
di pirebi meorexarisxovan, e.w. damxmare personaJebis rols TamaSoben. aRniSnulis gamo,
moTxrobis siuJeti erTxazovania, araa datotvili. masSi romanTan SedarebiT kondensirebulad aris naCvenebi gmirTa sulis moZraobac. moTxroba Tematikuri mravalferovnebiT
xasiaTdeba: socialuri, fsiqologiuri, filosofiuri, istoriuli, fantastikuri, sayofacxovrebo, saTavgadasavlo, didaqtikuri da sxv.. igi Janrulad gamoikveTa XIX saukuneSi, gavrcelda rusul literaturaSi da farTo asaxva pova qarTul mwerlobaSic.
upirveles yovlisa, unda aRvniSnoT, rom moTxrobaSi erTmaneTis pirispir ori qveyana
saqarTvelo da espaneTi warmogvidgeba, TavianTi gansxvavebuli tradiciebiT. erTi mxriv,
espaneTi, rogorc `koridis~ da saqarTvelo _ adamianis marCenali, megobari, misi Wirisa da lxinis Tanamoziare xaris samSoblo. sawyis etapze, migvaCnia moswavleebma kargad
gaiazron xaris roli, saxe qarTul sinamdvileSi. Sesabamisad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
Sesavali mecadineobis sworad dagegmvas. `Sesavalma mecadineobam niadagi unda moamzados
imisaTvis, rom nawarmoebi pirveli wakiTxvisTanave, teqstis gaanalizebamdec ZiriTadad
gasagebi iyos moswavleebisaTvis~ (gr.baramiZe, 1965: 44). rogorc viciT, am etapze mTavaria moswavleTa interesis aRZvra da saWiro ganwyobilebebis Seqmna, e.w gamowveva axali
masalis Sesaswavlad.
aRniSnul Temaze muSaobis efeqturi meTodi iqneba kinofilmis Cveneba, rac xels
Seuwyobs moswavleebSi saTanado ganwyobis Seqmnasa da interesis gaRvivebas. goderZi
Coxelis scenaris mixedviT gadaRebul `lukas saxarebaSi~ naCvenebi komunisturi ideologia, romelic skolis despotur reJimSi naTlad aisaxa, marTalia, erTgvar damTrgunvel
zemoqmedebas moaxdens moswavleebze, Tumca, optimisturi finali filmisa aRZrul uaryofiT gancdebsa da STabeWdilebebs saTanado kalapotSi Caayenebs. filmi SesaniSnav
saSualebas iZleva xaris saxis Cvenebisa qarTul yofa-cxovrebaSi, tradiciaSi. igi saukeTeso nimuSia adamianisa da xaris megobrobisa, urTierTTanagrZnobisa, siyvarulisa da
erTgulebisa. filmis Cveneba _ganxilvas, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia 2 saaTi davuTmoT.
moswavleebs momdevno gakveTilisaTvis daevalebaT, gamoitanon saTanado daskvna, Tu
rogor warmoCndeba xari qarTul zepirsityvierebaSi, qarTuli xalxuri leqsebis `aRzevans wavel~, `orSabaTobiT aSenda cixe qalaqi kldezeda~, `xaro, xari vin dagarqva?~ da
sxvaTa magaliTze. aRniSnuli leqsebis atvirTva SesaZlebelia kompiuteris saSualebiT,
rac ufro mosaxerxebelia dRevandeli kompiuterizaciis pirobebSi. Semdeg gakveTilze
moswavleTa mier aRniSnuli davalebis prezentacias Tan maswavleblis minileqcia mohyveba, sadac Sejamebuli iqneba moswavleTa mier ukve SeZenili codna da asaxavs xarisadmi
damokidebulebas zogadad qarTul kulturaSi:
xars gamorCeuli adgili eWira qarTveli xalxis cxovrebaSi da Sesabamisad, misadmi
pativiscema mcire mniSvnelobisa ar aris. amas xalxuri zepirsityvierebis nimuSebTan erTad cxadyofs Cveni qveynis arqeologiuri monacemebi, xelovnebis Zeglebi, ZvelisZveli
adaT-wesebi da gadmocemebi. moswavleebs gavaxsenebT epizods nanaxi filmidan, sadac bebo
lukas Zilis win ukiTxavs xalxur zepirsityvierebaSi Semonaxul metad saintereso leqss:
`orSabaTobiT aSenda cixe-qalaqi kldezeda~ (v. kotetiSvili,1961: 150) da SesaZlebelia
saskolo leqcia swored am konkretuli epizodis gaxsenebis safuZvelze warvmarToT. es
leqsi xom swored imaze metyvelebs, rom xari adamians marCenlad, megobrad moevlina da
gaxda misi bedis Tanamoziare. igi mogviTxrobs, rom RvTis winaSe yvelam uari Tqva da mxolod xarma idva Tavs `adamianis darCena~, risTvisac angelozebma xars Tvalebi daukocnes
da `Camosxmuli sanTeli daakres orTav rqazeda~ (d.janeliZe, 1948: 69). am striqonebs qarTul eTnografiaSi myari safuZveli moepoveba. mTaSi dResac swamT xaris magiuri Zalisa.
aqedanaa tradicia gazafxulze pirveli xnulis gavlebis dros rqebze sanTlebis danTebisa. garda amisa, gadmocemis mixedviT `javaxeTSi axalweliwads mekvlesTan erTad saxlSi
Sedioda xari rqebze damagrebuli anTebuli sanTlebiT~ (T. oqroSiZe, 1969: 138).
amis Semdeg pedagogi aqcents akeTebs imaze, rom swored am leqss exmianeba Tavisi
arsiT erT-erTi qarTuli Tqmuleba, sadac moTxrobilia, rom RmerTma adamianis gaCenis
dRidan daiwyo imaze fiqri Tu romeli pirutyvi gamoadgeboda adamians. erTmaneTs Seajibra iremi da xari, vinc ufro male gadairbens cas, imas davasaCuqrebo. iremi swrafad
45
gaiqca, undoda xarisaTvis ejobna, magram didi sirbilisagan gaibera da mokvda, darCa mxolod misi nakvalevi caze, romelsac irmis naxtomi hqvia. xari ki dinjad wavida,
coxniT. gvian miaRwia, magram mainc mivida. xaris nakvalevic daaCnda cas, romelsac xaris
navali ewodeba. amis Semdeg akurTxa RmerTma xari, dauloca qedi da mas aqeT xars awevs
adamianis Senaxvis tvirTi (T.oqroSiZe, 1969). am Tqmulebisa da zemoT aRniSnuli leqsis
mixedviT xari RvTis nakurTx cxovelad aris gamoyvanili, igi uflisgan qeddalocvilia.
igive tradicia meordeba xalxur leqsSi:
`xaro, xari vin dagarqva, xaro saxe mSveniero.
Cven nugeSad movlenilo, qednakurTxo, Roniero~.
(a. arabuli, 2007: 356)
uZvelesi droidan xari wminda cxovelad moiazreboda. Zvel xalxTa miTologiaSi
igi mefeTa da RmerTTa Tanasworia. berZnuli Tqmulebis mixedviT, kolxeTis mefe aiets
hyavda xarebi, romelTac Tavi da fexebi spilenZisa hqondaT da piridan saSineli ali
amosdiodaT. kolxebis uZveles fulze, rac Zveli welTaRricxvis V saukunidan gavrcelebula, xaris Tavi da xarkacic aris gamoxatuli (d. janeliZe,1948). mogvianebiT, ukve
qristianul xanaSi, xaris Tavis gamosaxulebas vxvdebiT saqarTvelos uZvelesi eklesiebis
bareliefebze. kerZod, V saukunis taZarSi _ bolnisis sionsa da mcxeTis sveticxovlis
taZris aRmosavleTis gare kedelzedac xaris Tavia gamokveTili. xaris Tavi qristianul
saxismetyvelebaSi luka maxareblis simboloa.
qarTuli folklori icnobs xars, romelic gzas ukvalavs tyveobidan samSobloSi
dabrunebulebs, maT mxsnelad, damxmared evlineba. roca lekebma daitaces saqarTvelo
da 7000 tyve waasxes, Tan lomisis jvaric wauRiaT. im TaTrebSi aRarc bavSvi Cndeboda da
aRarc mosavali aRar mosdiodaT. bolos Sewuxda xalxi da mivida molasTan. molam uTxra:
`es xalxi da is jori (jvari) Tu ar daabruneTo, sul daswydebiTo~. adgnen da romelic
SemZle xari hyavdaT, daakres Sublze jvari, moixmes qarTvelebi da uTxres Tavisuflebi
xarTo. is xari win unda gamosZRolodaT. is ki trialebda, radgan Turme erTi koWli
qali kidev akldaT. isic rom gamoayoles, gamouZRva xari da `sadac dawvebodis yvelgan
niSi aaSenes, fasanauris aqeTacaa niSi~. wverze ro movida iq ganisvena suli, gaiskda~ (z.
kiknaZe,Semioticsjournals Blog).
mniSvnelovania moswavleebs gavagebinoT, rogor warmoCndeba xari qarTul andazebSi:
igi mSromel, Zlier, erTgul, marTal arsebad gvevlineba, rasac mowmobs Semdegi magaliTebic: `xari var, xarTan Semabi. xaruliT gamawevine, SuaSi toli Camibi, samarTliT
gagawevine~; `xari xnavs furi iwvelis, Rorma ra icis Txris meti?~ ; `xars uTqvams xari
ras mizams, Tu mexre Semxvda RvTianio~ (j. sonRuaSvili, 1991: 85); `xars uReli mouSves
da egona rom mosZvrao~ (f. Cxenkeli, 2009: 146).
xari rom adamianis lxinisa da Wiris Tanamoziare iyo, kargad Cans qarTul sazRapro
eposSi. `xarma waiyvana vaJi, erTs trials mindorze, _ vkiTxulobT T. razikaSvilis mier
fSavSi Caweril zRaparSi, _ iq erTi alvis xe idga, rom imisi wveri casa hxevda, Sesva zed,
misca ori salamuri: erTi saWiro, erTi salxino... gagiWirdes, daukar saWiro salamuri
da maSinve aq davibadebi, gilxindes, daukar salxino salamuri, saWmelsac is mogitans
da sasmelsaco~ (a. arabuli, 2007: 76) es aris saxe realuri xarisa, romelic adamianTan
erTad namdvilad iyo cxovrebis saWiro da salxino saqmeebis Tanamoziare da maorganizebeli (T.oqroSiZe, 1969). igive motivia zRapris SemoqmedebiTad ganviTarebul kaxur
variantSic, sadac `wiqarasgan~ gansxvavebiT, ori xari wiqara da Rvinia moqmedebs.
xari, rogorc zRapris personaJi da zogadad erTguli arseba, trfialebis sagnad
gaixades qarTvelma poetebmac. mas xSirad SevxvdebiT SoTa niSnianiZis leqsebSi. igi
araerTxel iyenebs saxeebs zRapruli eposidan. swored aseTi saxea xari wiqara, romelic
mamul-dedulis dvritad qceuli, zRapridan misTvis gamoipara, rom samSoblos uerTgulos da emsaxuros (S. niSnianiZe, 1989).
mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, moTxrobis Seswavlamde moswavleebs gavacnoT SoTa niS46
nianiZis leqsi `xari~, romlidanac moxmobilia strofi nodar dumbaZis moTxrobaSi. es
saukeTeso winapiroba iqneba moTxrobis arsis ukeT wvdomisa da gaazrebisaTvis. pedagogma
leqsis analizisas saTanado yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos imaze, Tu rogor aisaxa masSi
qarTuli folkloruli motivebi. Cveni SeniSvniT, poeti striqonebSi `Cemo erTgulo
wiqara, Cemo erTgulo Rvinia, uxsovar drodan Tqvens patrons miqviTin-miRiRinia~ qarTuli xalxuri zRapris `wiqaras~ SemoqmedebiTad ganviTarebul variants efuZneba. aqve
vxvdebiT striqonebs `aRzevans wavel marilze, ufskrulma damitanao~ (a. arabuli, 2007:
379), romelic xalxur zepirsityvierebaSi gavrcelebuli leqsis aluzias warmoadgens.
Semdeg striqonebSi `sawyalobelad bRaodi rogorc moxuci mamao~ kidev erTxel exeba
poeti xalxur motivs `ezoSi rom xari bRavis, netav dedav rao? Svilo, mamaSeni aris vai
Sen dedasao~.
arcaa gasakviri Tu ratom uZRvna poetma am gasaocar cxovels aseTi leqsebi. xari
xom namdvili kerpi iyo qarTveli kacisa. mamulis dvritad qceulma araerTgzis gadaarCina saqarTvelo _ `guTnis tari da xmlis tari saWea qarTlis cxovrebis~ (S. niSnianiZe,
1989: 281). mkvlevarTa SeniSvniT, mwerali xaris saxeSi Tavis Tavs moiazrebs: `me var misani
xari wiqara~. SoTa niSnianiZis warmodgeniT, poetTa misia _ erTguli xaris samsaxursa
hgavs. igive azria gatarebuli Cvens xelT arsebul leqsSic:
`netavi, RmerTo, mec momca jani da mada xarisa,
sityva xariviT gamwevi, mamulis gasaxarisad.
viyo xariviT amtani, viyo xariviT momTmeni
Cemi patara qveynisTvis mec viyo xarisodeni~.
(S. niSnianiZe, 1989: 281)
xaris problemam, romelic didi xania dasmulia rogorc qarTul xalxur, ise klasikur poeziaSi, Taviseburi asaxva pova SoTa niSnianiZesTan. `aRniSnuli leqsi tirilia
ara marto xarisa, aramed mis miRma amofarebuli Cveni sisxliani warsulisa, dabolos,
adamianis daundobeli bunebisa, roca igi najafar xars madlobis magier wamoaqcevda da
daklavda xolme~ (i. varTagava, 1965: 3). qarTvel poetTa da SemoqmedTa mxridan sakuTari
Tavis xarTan gaigiveba, ucxo ar aris. jer kidev manamde werda vaJa-fSavela:
`xars vgevar naialaRars,
rqiT miwasa vCver vbubuneb,
RmerTo, samSoblo micocxle,
mZinarec amas vduduneb~
(vaJa-fSavela http://www.lib.ge/ody_text.php?1532).
patriotul motivze Seqmnili `xari~, SoTa niSnianiZisave TqmiT, tiriliT dawerili
leqsia (`davjeq da Cems marCenalze tiriliT vwere leqsebi~ ). adamianis winaSe valmoxdili, najafari, megobari, marCenali, patronis imedis mimcemi, momTmeni, morCili cxoveli
poetis udidesi yuradRebis obieqtadaa qceuli. gansakuTrebiT ki aRsaniSnavia misi ormagi samsaxuri kacisadmi. najafari da tandakorZili arc sikvdilis Semdeg wyvets Tavis
funqcias _ `dagklavdiT did zamTrobisas maZRrad gvyoloda badiSi~; avtori gulistkivils gamoTqvams adamianis im daundobeli bunebis gamo, romelic aseT erTgul cxovels
bolos mainc dasaklavad imetebda: `Zeoba iyo _ glexkaci isev Sen gdebda imedebs, Rreoba
iyo vaime isev Sen gamogimeteT. qorwili iyo... vaime, mtkioda guli saRadre, wamogaqcieT
najafi da yeli gamogaRadreT~ (S. niSnianiZe, 1989: 281).
leqsis analizisas, zemoT moyvanil aspeqtebze dayrdnobiT warmarTavs ra pedagogi saswavlo process, saintereso iqneba moswavleebisaTvis erTi sayuradRebo mogonebis
gacnoba, romelic Tavis mxriv dakavSirebulia leqsSi gaxmianebul azrTan da aseve identuria moTxroba `koridas~ erTi epizodisa. poetis meuRle Tamar Cijavaze SoTaze igonebs: `bazarSi Tu gamyveboda, rac iSviaTad xdeboda, xorcis rigs axlos ar gaekareboda.
erTxel ase moSorebiT melodeboda xorcis sayidlad wasuls. ucbad omaxiani xma
Semomesma `aba, movida, movidaa!~ netav aseTi vin movida-meTqi, ukan mivixede. mivixede da
47
gavSeSdi: jansaR, mzemokidebul, brge vaJkacs mxarze nikoras Tavi gaedo, rqebSi xelebi
Caevlo da TavdaRunuli buRasaviT moarRvevda xalxs. nikoras Riad darCenili Tvalebi
jer ar amoSroboda, upeebs qveS TeTri balanic TiTqos cremliT hqonda mosvelebuli.
SoTasken gavixede, Tavzari dameca, zustad nikorasaviT mocremlianeboda sacrisxela Tvalebi. pirvelad maSin SevniSne SoTas esoden didi msgavseba xarTan. carela xeliT
movbrundi ukan, mdumared avuare gverdi SoTas da gasasvlelisken gavemarTe. mivdiodi
da ganuwyvetliv vimeorebdi gunebaSi: `wamogaqcieT najafi da yeli gamogaRadreT... wamogaqcieT najafi da yeli gamogaRadreT... da yeli gamogaRadreT.~
yvelaze saSineli is iyo, rom, ar vici ratom da xan SoTas vgulisxmobdi da xan nikoras. saxlamde TiTqmis ubrad viareT. aravin gangvisjia, arc nikoras patroni da arc misi
yelis gamomRadvreli~ (T. CijavaZe, 2007:119).
aRniSnuli leqsi gvaZlevs saSualebas moswavleebs davavaloT teqstSi Sedareba-epiTetebis daZebna, risi organizebac SesaZlebelia wyvilebSi. es Tavis mxriv daexmarebaT
gamokveTon leqsis mixedviT xaris saxe qarTul kulturaSi, vinaidan aq gamoyenebuli
tropis es saxeebi ZiriTadad xarisadmia mimarTuli. moswavleTa mxridan, am davalebis
warmodgenis Semdeg, momdevno gakveTilisaTvis leqsze muSaobasTan erTad, kargi iqneba,
Tu davavalebT moamzadon sqema, sadac gamokveTili iqneba xaris saxe, misi funqcia da
mniSvneloba qarTul kulturaSi, nanaxi kinofilmis, maswavleblis minileqciis, zemoT
moxmobili damxmare masalisa da Seswavlili leqsis safuZvelze.
momdevno gakveTilze, mniSvnelovani dro daeTmoba masalis gamokiTxvasa da winare
codnis gaaqtiurebas. moswavleTaTvis micemul saSinao davalebas formatze warmovadgenT, rasac maTi namuSevrebis Sejereba-sinTezis Sedegad dasrulebuli saxe miecema.
(ix. sqema #.1) gamoyenebuli sqemis saSualebiT moswavleebi advilad SeZleben miRebuli
codnis Sejamebas. saskolo leqciasa da aRniSnuli leqsis Seswavlas SegviZlia 2 saaTi
davuTmoT.
msaxuri
misani
keTili
mamulis
dvrita
Wirisa da lxinis
Tanamoziare
RvTisgan
megobari
qeddalocvili
xari
Zlieri
erTguli
Semwe
moimede
mosiyvarule
amtani
marCenali
msxverpli
valmoxdili
najafari
momTmeni
sqema # IV. 1
48
momdevno sami saaTi ki nodar dumbaZis moTxroba `koridas~ Seswavlas movandomebT.
sawyis etapze, mniSvnelovania maswavleblis Sesavali sityva, sadac kidev erTxel iqneba
Sejamebuli moswavleTa codna aRniSnul sakiTxebze. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba gakeTdes
komentari, rom qarTul kulturaSi, xarma rogorc gamrje, erTgulma, keTilma, Zlierma,
marTalma arsebam, guTnisdedis imedma da siamayem, adamianis bedis Tanamoziarem, marCenalma da megobarma Tavisi waruSleli kvali datova. moswavleebis mier amis saTanadod
gaazrebis safuZvelze, pedagogi mimoixilavs Tu ra mniSvneloba eniWeba xars, saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, espaneli xalxis kulturaSi da mouTxrobs am qveynis mTavar simbolod qceuli sanaxaobis `koridis~ Camoyalibebisa da tradiciad qcevis istorias.
korida (esp. Corrida de toros) sityvasityviT niSnavs xarebis rbolas. esaa sacirko
sanaxaoba, espaneTsa da zog sxva qveyanaSi, romelic xaris Zveli iberiuli kultidan
warmoiqmna da romlis drosac dResdReobiT, mTavari roli matadors (espada, torero)
akisria, vinc xars jer sxvadasxva ileTiT axelebs, dabolos, ki daSniT klavs (www.nplg.
gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=3&t=209).
es sanaxaoba saTaves brinjaos xanidan iRebs da ukavSirdeba pireneis naxevarkunZulis
mcxovreb iberielebs, romlebic xarebs wminda cxovelebad aRiqvamdnen. Tavidan xaris mokvla specialuri rituali iyo, ukve espaneTis erTian saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis Semdeg
ki korida mosaxleobis elituri nawilis gasarTobi gaxda. Tanamedrove korida gaCnda
andaluziaSi, masSi monawileobas iRebs xari 4-dan 6 wlamde, misi wona ar unda iyos 450
kg-ze naklebi. korida Tavdapirvelad mxolod xarebs Soris imarTeboda da adamians roli
ar hqonda. Semdeg ki, daaxloebiT XI saukuneSi koridaSi CaerTnen espaneli seniorebi, rac
kidec aisaxeba dRevandeli toreroebis Cacmulobaze, radgan maT swored Sua saukuneebis espaneli seniorebis samosi mosavT (http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki). koridas espaneTSi
`mamacTa zeims~ eZaxian, igi espanelisTvis erT-erTi uZlieresi gatacebaa. aq arsebobs
matadorTa specialuri skolebi, romelTagan pirveli cnobilma matadorma dominginim
daaarsa (romelic naxsenebia nodar dumbaZis moTxrobaSi). matadori espaneTSi TiTqmis
erovnuli gmiria. mas koridas mkacri wesebiT ufleba ara aqvs winaswar naxos xari, romelTanac SebrZoleba mouwevs. is xars pirvelad arenaze xedavs. yvelaze saintereso da
saocari sanaxavia misi saxe, swored im wuTebSi, roca igi xaris amocnobas cdilobs. `esaa
sruli daZabva idealuri gulisyurisa, esaa Tvali jariskacisa, romelic samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZolis win iTvlis daRupvis an gamarjvebis SesaZleblobaTa Sansebs.~ (m. bojiaevi, v. komisarJevski, 1984:83).
koridis brbos antikuri tragediis qoros adareben. igia am tragikuli sanaxaobis
umaRlesi sawyisi. Tumca igi ufro gansakuTrebuli uflebamosilebiT gamoirCeva. brbod
qceuli xalxi, am sanaxaobis WeSmariti kanonmdebeli, reJisori da uzenaesi msajulia.
xalxs SeuZlia sicocxle aCuqos xars, Tu is matadorze mamaci aRmoCndeba da masis guls
moigebs. mas SeuZlia brZolis dros musikis dakvra, rac maTi mxridan toreros aRiarebas
niSnavs. igi TeTri xelsaxocebis rxeviT finalSi moiTxovs jildos gamarjvebulisaTvis,
an gaafTrebiT daayris mas Tavze yvelafers, rac xelSi moxvdeba. mas SeuZlia ukve maxvilgaSiSvlebul matadors dauSalos xaris mokvla, Tuki is Tvlis, rom amis dro jer ar
damdgara. koridasTanaa dakavSirebuli andaluzieli boSebis mier danTebuli `cecxlovani cekva~ flamengo, romelic espanuri, boSuri da arabuli folkloris elementebs
Seicavs. aq simbolurad qali koridis xars ganasaxierebs, kaci _ toreros.
koridis tradicia fiqsirdeba saqarTveloSic da is cnobilia `kurulis~ saxelwodebiT. qarTuli kuruli misi warmoSobis sawyis etapze, espanuri koridis identuri iyo,
magram drom, gansxvavebulma garemom da pirobebma qarTuli koridis cvlilebebi gamoiwvia rogorc formis, ise Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT da qarTvelebi xarebs aRar klavdnen.
mogvianebiT korulis brZolebi xarebs Soris imarTeboda mTel saqarTveloSi. dRemde
SemorCenilia am tipis korida tao-klarjeTis qarTvelebSi da nebismier dainteresebul
adamians SeuZlia qarTuli koridis naxva amJamindeli TurqeTis teritoriaze, arTvinis
maRal mTebSi, yoveli ivnisis bolo kviras(http://espanetis-kultura.blogspot.com/2011/04/blogpost.html).
49
korida gavrcelebulia portugaliasa da laTinur amerikaSic, Tumca ZiriTadad mas
mainc espaneTis simbolod miiCneven da am qveyanasTan asocirdeba. espaneTSi arsebobda
koridis ufro metad saSiSi, saxifaTo saxeobac. xalxis wyurvili am sisxliani garTobis
mimarT imdenad didi iyo, rom maT koridis yureba da mayureblis rolSi yofna siamovnebas veRar aniWebda. swored amitom, espaneTSi weliwadSi erTxel xarebs pirdapir quCaSi
uSvebdnen da asobiT adamiani cdilobda maT gaRizianebas da Semdeg mxecisgan gaqcevas,
rac SeiZleba azartis, adrenalinis, erTgvari Jinis gamovlenad miviCnioT. yovelive amis
gamo uamravi adamiani iRupeboda an saSinlad saxiCrdeboda.
koridas mravali momxre hyavs, romelTac aqvT Tavisi argumentebi. maTi mtkicebiT,
xaris dakvla ufro didi saSinelebaa, vidre misi Rirseuli sikvdili adamianTan orTabrZolaSi da rom espanelebis mTeli Taobebi izrdebodnen mamaci matadorebis magaliTze.
sxva pragmatuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad ki, specialistebma daTvales, rom koridis akrZalvis Sedegad TiToeuli espaneli saSualod 60 evroTi gaRaribdeba, radgan am dResaswaulis sayureblad yovelwliurad aTasobiT turisti Cadis. isini bileTebsa da suvenirebSi
milionobiT evros ixdian. gavrcelebuli TvalsazrisiT, korida _ `esaa aTasobiT mayureblis amfiTeatri, grandiozuli Tasi boboqari vnebebisa _ aRtacebisa, sixarulisa, SiSisa
da mrisxanebisa, romelTa Zala yovelwams SeiZleba gadaixaros matadoridan xarisken~ (g.
boiajievi, v. komisarJevski, 1984: 78).
is, vinc xSiri stumaria am sanaxaobisa, swvdeba ra `maRali xelovnebis arss~, Tvlis
rom koridis monawileTa xelovneba da artistizmi aclis mas sisastikesa da igi pirdapir
uTanabrdeba morals. `aq uazro saSinelebaTa sanaxaoba ki ar aris mTavari, aramed is TandaTanobiTi moqmedeba, rac winaswar gansazRvruli miznisaTvis xdeba~, _ wers cnobili
amerikeli mwerali ernest heminguei (v.WeliZe, Targmani, 1961: 402). igi ucvleli siyvaruliTa da aRtacebiT eswreboda fiestas, iseTive grZnobiT aRwerda da albaT naklebad
awuxebda xaris problema matadoris artistizmsa da TamaSis gafacicebul Semfasebels.
`gulisyuriT, cnobiswadiliT vadevnebdi Tvals mis moZraobebs da vfiqrobdi imaze, rom
Tu mas araferi SeemTxveva, WeSmaritad diadi iqneba. me maSin ar vicodi, rom, rac ar unda
daemarTos, igi mainc diadi iqneba da yovelive seriozuli Wriloba mas mxolod met simamacesa da Jins, vnebas mianiWebs~ (g. boiajievi, v. komisarJevski, 1984: 86).
paradoqsulia, magram espaneTSi gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, im grZnobaTa
Soris, romlebsac matadori gamoxatavs xarTan brZolis dros, gamoxatulia siyvarulic
Tavisi mTavari partniorisadmi. `es siyvaruli mas memkvidreobiT aqvs Sesisxlxorcebuli
papisa da papis papisagan _ glexebisagan, romlebisTvisac xari yovelTvis megobaria~ (g.
boiajievi, v. komisarJevski, 1984: 90).
maSasadame, korida erTi mosazrebiT Teatria, Tumca man araviTari pirobiTobebi ar
icis. aq yvelaferi simarTlea, _ namdvili sisxli da namdvili sikvdilia. sikvdili ki koridis usaTuo monawilea. amisgan modis koridis simkacre, SemarTuloba, moqmedebis daWimuloba. aq yvelaferi danis pirze gadis. amitomac am sanaxaobas Tavis momxreebTan erTad,
espaneTSive hyavs mowinaaRmdegenic. maTi TvalsazrisiT, korida namdvili barbarosobaa
da igi erovnul sircxvilad aRiqmeba. Sesabamisad, koridis akrZalvis momxreTa raodenoba ufro da ufro izrdeba. sul axlaxan korida akrZales kataloniaSi. katalonia pirveli regionia espaneTSi, sadac 2012 wlis Semdeg korida aRar gaimarTeba. cxovelTa dacvis organizaciebi, adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebi da sxva humanisturi organizaciebic
am azrs aviTareben da korida, misi momxreebisgan gansxvavebiT, miaCniaT ara xelovnebad,
aramed mkvlelobad. Tumca faqtia, rom igi dRemde tardeba espaneTis sxva regionebSi.
rogorc vxedavT, espaneTSi xars, saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, sxva funqcia-movaleobani akisria. igi yvelaze saSiSi TamaSis mTavari monawilea. saWirod vTvliT moswavleebs gavacnoT, rom espanel mwerlebs, qarTvelebisgan gansxavebiT, xaris nacvlad matadorebis dideba gauxdiaT werisa da qebis sagnad da maTze ise weren leqsebs, rogorc
wamebulebsa da gmirebze weren xolme:
50
`... me Sen gimReri.
me Sevinaxav Sens vaJkacur saxes,
gamocdilebis simwifes da
sikvdilTan xarb TamaSs~, _ ase werda garsia lorka Tavis megobarze, matador ignasioze (g. boiajievi, v. komisarJevski, 1984: 86).
koridis dawyebisas TiTqos imarTeba dialogi xarsa da matadors Soris, romelic ase
gadmosca poetma rafael albertim:
me matadori var.
me _ xari.
me movedi, raTa mogkla.
scade, Tu SeZleb.
lamazad mogiReb bolos.
scade Tu SeZleb.
aqamde mamacurad geWira Tavi.
vnaxavT.
Sen dRes didebas momixveW. daviwyoT.
vnaxavT-meTqi.
gesmis cirkis dumili?
sikvdilis dumili.
Sen taSis grialSi da mosasxamebis SrialSi mokvdebi.
rogor fiqrob, matadoro, me es momwons?
xari yovelTvis brZolisas kvdeba. dadeqi..
da matadoric zogjer...
ra Tqvi?
rom zogjer matadoric kvdeba.
gaCumdi! daviwyoT, xaro, nu melaparakebi
(g. boiajievi, v. komisarJevski, 1984: 91).
moTxrobis Seswavlisas Segvxvdeba iseTi sityvebi, romlebic moiTxovs maswavleblis
mxridan saTanado ganmartebebs. minileqciis Sinaarsi gvaZlevs imis SesaZleblobas, zogi
amave etapze ganvmartoT.
minileqciis Semdeg, TvalsaCinoebisaTvis saintereso iqneba moswavleebs kompiuterisa da proeqtoris saSualebiT vuCvenoT am sanaxaobis amsaxveli ramdenimewuTiani video. amiT SesaZlebloba mogvecema SevadarebinoT erTmaneTs xarTan damokidebuleba qarTul da espanur tradiciebSi. Tumca videos SerCevisas, gasaTvaliswinebelia moswavleTa
asakobrivi zRvari da Sesabamisi eTikuri normebis dacva. videos naxvis Semdeg, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia gavarkvioT moswavleTa damokidebulebani aRniSnul sanaxaobasTan
dakavSirebiT. mosalodnelia, rom igi mozardebSi aRZravs da warmoSobs urTierTgansxvavebul emociebs, SegrZnebebsa da STabeWdilebebs, rac Tavis mxriv moswavleTa individualur-fsiqologiuri TaviseburebebiTac iqneba ganpirobebuli. isini gamoTqvamen sakuTar
Sexedulebebs da daasabuTeben ratom moswonT an ar moswonT espaneTis saxe _ simbolod
qceuli korida.
saTanado cnobebis miwodebisa da azrTa gaziarebis safuZvelze gadavalT teqstis
damuSavebaze, rac upirvelesad misi wakiTxviT daiwyeba. sasurvelia, igi maswavlebelma saTanado emociuri zegavleniT waikiTxos da moswavleebma Tvali miadevnon. es xels
Seuwyobs, erTi mxriv, moswavleebSi swori, gamometyvelebiTi, Segnebuli, gaazrebuli kiTxvis Cvevebis damkvidrebas da ganaviTarebs maT mxatvrul-esTetikur gemovnebas.
teqstis gacnobis Semdeg ki, sanam uSualod mis analizze gadavidodeT, pirveli
mniSvnelovani nabiji iqneba, maswavleblis mxridan, mkiTxvelis reaqciaze damyarebuli
kiTxvebis dasmis saSualebiT, gamoTqvan moswavleebma Tu ras fiqroben, manamde, sanam
51
gakveTilis msvleloba sxva mimarTulebiT waiyvans maT.
teqstSi moyvanili nawyveti SoTa niSnianiZis leqsidan `xari~, wina gakveTilze Seswavlis Sedegad moswavleTaTvis ukve kargad nacnobia. winare codnis safuZvelze ki moswavleebs aRar gauWirdebaT paralelis gavleba am or nawarmoebs Soris, rac Tavis mxriv
SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs efeqturad warimarTos teqstis analizis procesi. moswavleebi
advilad aRmoaCenen poet SoTa niSnianiZis Tavsgadamxdari ambisa da nodar dumbaZis
moTxrobaSi aRwerili erT-erTi epizodis msgavsebasac. kerZod, rodesac koridis tradiciaze kamaTis Semdeg, mTxrobeli personaJi veris bazarTan Caivlis, dainaxavs Tu rogor
ezidebian muSebi pirutyvis xorcs maRaziaSi: `ra saseiro sanaxaoba eg iyo, mainc gavCerdi da cqera davuwye. Zaraze zurgiT mdgar or muSas, ZaraSi myofi sxva ori muSa ginebiT
awvdida gatyavebul pirutyvs da imaTac ginebiT mihqondaT SeSadqceuli wiqarebi, Svindebi, Rviniebi, nikorebi da sayadeliviT axvavebdnen maRaziis daxlze... gamaxsenda nanas
Tqmuli leqsi da tirili mominda~ (n. dumbaZe, 2005: 197 ).
teqstze muSaobisas moswavleebs yuradReba unda gavamaxvilebinoT mwerlis mier gamoyenebul mxatvruli saxis Seqmnis erT-erT xerxze. es gaxlavT polilogi, romliTac
iwyeba moTxroba da TiTqmis mTeli Txrobis procesic am gziT mimdinareobs. polilogi
aris saubari, ramdenime adamians Soris. is arsebiTad dialogis garTulebuli formaa.
dialogis Tvisebebi _ replikebs Soris mWidro kavSiri, spontanuroba da sxva naTlad
vlindeba polilogSic. igi Txrobis gacocxlebisa da imgvari saxis Seqmnis saSualebaa,
romelic Tavis TavSi aerTianebs personaJis rogorc garegnul, aseve Sinagan Tvisebebs.
polilogSic, iseve rogorc dialogSi, metyveleba xSirad ar aris sruli, radgan, Cveulebisamebr mosaubreTaTvis situacia nacnobia da codnac saerToa. metyvelebis usruloba
ivseba intonaciiT, JestebiTa da mimikebiT. polilogi aris imgvari saxis Seqmnis saSualeba, romelic Tavis TavSi aerTianebs personaJis rogorc garegnul, aseve Sinagan Tvisebebs
(n.SaraSeniZe, a. arabuli, 2006).
moTxrobis analizisas pedagogi unda ecados Seqmnas analitikuri, problemuri, kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayreli situacia. rac SesaZlebelia blumis
taqsonomiis mixedviT agebuli kiTxvebis saSualebiT. gTavazobT amgvari midgomis safuZvelze kiTxvebisa da davalebebis formulirebis Cvenebur versias:
codna
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
romel literaturul Janrs ganekuTvneba aRniSnuli nawarmoebi?
vin aris mTxrobeli?
daasaxeleT moTxrobis personaJebi.
ra gziT mimdinareobs Txroba?
rogori ganwyobiT iwyeba nawarmoebi?
ris Sesaxeb uyveba daTo Tavis megobrebs?
rogor aRmoCnda moTxrobis mTavari gmiri koridaze?
aRwereT arenaze Semosuli xari? simbolurad ras ganasaxierebs
TeTri feri?
9. aRwereT rogor icvleba daTos ganwyoba koridaze yofnisas.
10. rogor zegavlenas axdens daTos monaTxrobi nawarmoebis sxva personaJebze?
11. CamoTvaleT ra argumentebi aqvs mTxrobel personaJs saimisod,
rom daTos mier gadmocemuli ambavi `biTurobaa Tavidan bolomde~?
12. CamoTvale is ZiriTadi faseulobebi, rac ganapirobebs mTxrobeli
personaJis espaneTisadmi siyvaruls.
13. vin aris pirveli, vinc mTxrobeli personaJis azris sicxadeSi
rwmundeba?
14. sad SeCerdeba igi megobrebisgan wamosvlis Semdeg?
15. rogor mTavrdeba nawarmoebi?
52
Sedareba
gamoyeneba
analizi
sinTezi
Sefaseba
16. ganixile daTos mier koridis datovebis faqti.
17. Seajame SoTa niSnianiZis leqsidan moTxrobaSi moxmobili strofis
saTqmeli da mTxrobeli personaJis Tvalsazrisi.
18. ivaraude rogor moiqceoda daTos adgilze mTxrobeli personaJi.
19. gamoiyene arsebuli codna qarTul kulturaSi xaris mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT da Seusatyvise moTxrobidan Sesabamisi fragmenti.
20. Camoayalibe, daTos TvalTaxedviT, ratom aris qarTvelebis damokidebuleba `fsevdohumanizmi~?
21. axseni daTos mier koridis datovebis faqti.
22. nodar dumbaZis moTxrobaSi vkiTxulobT:
` _ gayinulia? _ vkiTxe me da sigareti mivawode.
_ Tbili mindorSi balaxobs! _ mipasuxa man da axla cecxli mTxova.
personaJis ra Tvisebaze miuTiTebs bolo monakveTi?
23. Seadare daTosa da mTxrobeli personaJis damokidebuleba xarisadmi.
24. Seadare erTmaneTs qarTul da espanur kulturaSi xarisadmi tradiciuli damokidebuleba.
25. ra problemaa dasmuli nawarmoebSi?
26. rogoraa gadaWrili es problema? (pasuxi daasabuTeT)
27. rogor Slis avtori sakiTxs moTxrobaSi?
28. Cans Tu ara teqstSi avtoris damokidebuleba aRniSnuli sakiTxisadmi?
29. adamianis bunebis ra Tvisebaa naCvenebi moTxrobaSi?
30. ra aris nawarmoebis Tema?
31. gaixseneT moTxrobis Janruli maxasiaTeblebi da imsjeleT, inarCunebs Tu ara es nawarmoebi am Janris ZiriTad niSan-Tvisebebs.
32. teqstze dayrdnobiT, imsjeleT ra aris korida-xelovneba Tu sisastike?
33. moTxrobis mixedviT, daTo koridas tovebs. rogor moiqceodiT
analogiur situaciaSi?
34. SeqmeniT ese Semdegi saTauriT `CemTvis ra aris korida?~
35. SeafaseT daTos damokidebuleba xarTan dakavSirebiT da misi qceva.
36. SeafaseT nawarmoebi dRevandeli gadasaxedidan, ramdenadaa nawarmoebSi dasmuli problema TanamedroveobisaTvis aqtualuri?
37. moTxrobis mixedviT, korida namdvili barbarosobaa, Tumca arc
qarTul sinamdvileSi damkvidrebuli xarisadmi damokidebulebaa
bolomde humanuri, TqvenTvis romelia SedarebiT misaRebi varianti, pasuxi daasabuTeT.
sqema # IV . 2.
moswavleTa muSaobis warmarTva SesaZlebelia sxvagvari kuTxiTac. amis safuZvels gvaZlevs moswavleTaTvis cnobili an naklebad cnobili saxelebiTa da toponimebiT datvirTuli teqsti. mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, davavaloT Semdeg gakveTilze
prezentaciisaTvis informaciis moZieba baskebze, respublikanelebze, andaluziaze, garsia lorkaze, servantesze, riTac isini ufro gaifarToeben Tvalsawiersa da ganimtkiceben damoukidebeli muSaobis, prezentaciisa da SemoqmedebiT unarebs.
teqsti gvaZlevs saSualebas, SevqmnaT problemuri situacia da wamovWraT sadiskusio
Tema, romelic cxovrebiseul sinamdvilesTan mWidro kavSirSia da misgan ganyenebulad
ar ganvixilavT. umjobesia igi kiTxvis saxiT, amgvarad Camoyalibdes: unda aikrZalos Tu
53
ara korida? klasi gaiyofa or jgufad. moswavleebi, romlebic eTanxmebian am mosazrebas.
jgufdebian klasis erT kuTxeSi. SesaZlebelia, gamoviyenoT sadiskusio sqema, romelsac
eqneba Semdegnairi saxe:
mizanSewonilad migaCniaT Tu ara koridis akrZalva?
diax
ara
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
sqema # IV. 3
moswavleebs vTxovT TavianTi poziciebis dasasabuTeblad, CamoTvalon ramdenime
argumenti imisa, Tu ratom unda aikrZalos korida? es argumentebi unda Caiweros sqemis grafaSi saTauriT `diax~. sxva monawileebma unda CamoTvalon yvela is argumenti,
Tu ratom ar unda aikrZalos korida. Semdeg cal-calke ganixilaven erTmaneTis Sexedulebebs da SeimuSaveben saTanado kontrargumentebs. sabolood, orive Tvalsazrisis
momxreebidan gamova TiTo monawile da gaakeTebs prezentacias azris Sesajameblad. diskusiis dasrulebis Semdeg, pedagogi mozardebTan erTad ganixilavs diskusiis Sedegebs:
ras gaarTves kargad Tavi, ra iyo diskusiis susti mxare da ras gaakeTeben SemdgomSi
ukeTesi Sedegebis misaRebad.
daskvniT etapze, strategiis `ra vicodi? ra minda vicode? ra gavige?~ saSualebiT,
SevajamebinebT moswavleebs Temis damuSavebis Sedegad miRebul codnas. maTi mxridan,
amgvari davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg ki maswavlebeli gaukeTebs Seswavlil masalas erTgvar sinTezsa da miawvdis moswavleebs nawarmoebis ideur-mxatvrul analizs:
XX saukunis 60-iani wlebidan literaturaSi garkveuli siaxleebi aRiniSneboda. `ganaxlebani mxatvruli sityvis sferoSi kanonzomieri Sedegi iyo 50-60-iani wlebis sazogadoebrivi gardaqmnebisa. am periodis literaturaSi igrZnoboda socialuri Temebidan
zogadsakacobrio, zneobriv-eTikuri problemebisaken Semobruneba. sulieri Ziebis, cxovrebis moralur sawyisTa sakiTxebi TandaTanobiT xdeba literaturuli asaxvis mTavari problema~ (n. qajaia, 2002: 6.) nodar dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSic maRali zneobisaTvis
brZolas, adamianis sulier ganspetakebas, sulieri mSvenierebis aRzrdas udidesi adgili
uWiravs. nodar dumbaZis TiTqmis mTeli Semoqmedeba maRali zneobisaken mowodebaa. sayuradRebo isaa, rom `maRali zneobisaken mowodeba mwerals ganyenebulad, e.w. Teoriul
aspeqtSi ki ar aqvs warmosaxuli, aramed sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisaTvis ganuyrelad daukavSirebia~ (r. miSvelaZe, 1990: 433). am TvalsazrisiT, aRsaniSnavia moTxroba `korida~,
sadac moraluri principebis safuZvelze xdeba gansja xaris funqciisa da daniSnulebis
raobaze, ori qveynis _ espaneTisa da saqarTvelos magaliTze. am periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mwerlis sinamdvilisadmi niSandoblivi damokidebuleba, radganac `romantikuli
gadaWarbebisa da iluziebis adgili realobis analitikurma aTvisebam daikava~ (T. doiaSvili, 1989: 136).
maswavlebelma unda gaakeTos saTanado aqcenti imasTan dakavSirebiTac, rom nodar
dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili axalgazrdebis cxovrebas uWiravs da am
mxriv arc `koridaa~ gamonaklisi. mTavari is aris, Tu rogor gvixatavs avtori maT, ra
TvisebebiT aRWuravs, ra sulieri samyaro aqvT, ra amoZravebT, saiT miiltvian. mwerali gviCvenebs Tavisi personaJebis sakmaod rTul damokidebulebas garemosadmi da amave
dros, cdilobs ipovos sakuTari adgili am procesSi. sakuTari me Seufardos obieqturs.
54
aseve mniSvnelovania iTqvas, rom moTxrobaSi nodar dumbaZe Tavisi damokidebulebis gadmosacemad iyenebs kontrastis xerxs _ erTmaneTs upirispirebs sagnisadmi, movlenisadmi orgvar damokidebulebas. nawarmoebSi gamokveTilia avtorisaTvis niSandoblivi
manera sakiTxis polemikuri gaSuqebisa. avtori obieqturobisaken swrafviT, cdilobs
miukerZoebeli iyos ama Tu im personaJTa Tvalsazrisebis Camoyalibisas. personaJebis
gansxvavebuli xedvis Cveneba _ erTi mxriv, `koridis~ rogorc barbarosobisa da mkvlelobis dagmobiT da meore mxriv, qarTul sinamdvileSi xarisadmi tradiciul damokidebulebaSi erTgvari eWvis SetaniT avtoris humanurobisaken swrafva ikveTeba.
moTxrobaSi `korida~ personaJTa araerTgvarovani saxe-xasiaTebi vlindeba da maTi
urTierTsapirispiro mosazrebani erTmaneTs ejaxeba. kiTxvisas uecrad erTmaneTis pirispir wamoimarTeba ori gansxvavebuli tradiciis mqone qveyana, erTi mxriv _ espaneTi
Tavisi baskebiT, andaluziis RameebiT, karmensitebiTa da alegroebiT, mcxunvare mziT,
respublikanelebiT, `bandera rosaTi~, garsia lorkaTi da qveynierebis mamiT, servantesiT da meore mxriv, saqarTvelo.
saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, xars espaneTSi sxvagvari funqcia akisria. korida zogisTvis gasarTobi azartuli, sasiamovno, saintereso da zogisTvis sastiki, ulmobeli,
gulsaklavi sanaxaobaa. esaa `grandiozuli Tasi boboqari vnebebisa _ aRtacebisa, sixarulisa, SiSisa da mrisxanebisa, romelTa Zala yovel wams SeiZleba gadaixaros matadoridan xarisken. brbo yvelaferSi Tavisufalia _ igi yuriswamRebi guguniT daukravs taSs
moklul xars da gaSmagebiT daustvens uniWo matadors an piriqiT, tavromaxiis rainds
aamaRlebs, gmirad Seracxs da moiTxovs misTvis umaRles jildos _ xaris erT an or yurs,
an gaugonar pativs _ or yurs, Cliqebsa da kuds~ (g. boiajievi, v. komisarJevski, 1984: 78).
zogadad, brbos fsiqologia rTuli da Znelad gamosacnobi fenomenia. `Tu brbos
vinme sZuls, vidre gansji, saWiroa yuradRebiT gamoikvlio ratom xdeba ase. roca brbo
vinmes aRiarebs, vidre gansji, saWiroa esec yuradRebiT gamoikvlio~ (Cinuri sibrZne).
brbos fsiqologiasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi ucxo ar aris moswavleebisaTvis,
igi erTgvari aspeqtiT gaSuqebulia skolaSi Sesaswavli mwerlebis mixeil javaxiSvilisa
da giorgi leoniZis nawarmoebebSi (`eSmakis qva~, `natvris xe~), ase rom, moswavleebs aqvT
Sexeba am motivTan. maTi gonebrivi aqtivizaciisaTvis ki saWirod vTvliT, maswavlebelma
saTanadod mimoixilos es Tema.
frangi sociologis, gustav le bonis azriT, romelic adamianTa didi masebis moqmedebis fsiqologias swavlobda, brbos koleqtiuri emociis zegavleniT adamians iseTi
ramis Cadena SeuZlia, rac misi pirovnebisaTvis sruliad ucxoa. misi dakvirvebiT, brboSi
moxvedrili adamiani, romelsac saerTo aRzneba gadaecema, kargavs kritikuli gansjis
unars da brmad emorCileba masis moqmedebas. amis mizezi ki, mecnieris azriT, is aris, rom
erTad Sekrebil adamianTa masas garkveul pirobebSi SeuZlia iseTi Zlieri koleqtiuri
emocia amoafrqvios, romlis kontrolic SeuZlebelia da romelic adamianebs uCveulo
moqmedebisaken ubiZgebs, aRgznebul masas Tavis gzaze yvelafris walekva SeuZlia (v. rodonaia, a. arabuli, m. xuciSvili 2009).
adamianTa erTi nawili acnobierebs am afeqtur mdgomareobas da amiT is maRldeba
brboze. zogjer isini cdiloben kidec xeli SeuSalon brbos ukadrisi saqmis CadenaSi,
rac adamianTa maRal moralur mdgomareobasa da nebisyofis simtkiceze metyvelebs. isini
aseT rTul situaciaSic ki ar kargaven sakuTar saxes. amis magaliTebs vxedavT mixeil
javaxiSvilis `eSmakis qvasa~ da giorgi leoniZis `maritaSi~, Tumca aq amgvarad ganwyobil
adamianebs ar ZaluZT didi winaaRmdegoba gauwion brbos, romelsac damangreveli Zala
aqvs da xatovani gamonaTqvamis mixedviT, romlis winaSe uZluria Tavad RmerTic ki. maTi
damokidebuleba mxolod erTgvarad ganze gadgomaSi gamoixateba.
nodar dumbaZis `koridaSi~ brbo ubralod erToba. espanelisTvis gasarTobi gamxdara is, rac qarTvelisTvis esoden mniSvnelovani da Zvirfasia. `gaumarjos xaris qeds,
guTnis Rveds, cis namsa da miwis mosavalso~ _ ase iwyeboda qarTveli glexis dalocva.
amitomac tovebs nodar dumbaZis gmiri koridas. igi sxva qveynis, sxva tradiciebis Svilia
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da misi mentaliteti, moraluri principebi ar aZlevs uflebas bolomde naxos es `maRali xelovnebis feierverki~. daTosTvis es is xaria, romelic morCilad idebda zurgze
tvirTs mamul-dedulis asaRorZineblad, mtris mier gadamwvari saxlebis, cixe-taZrebisa
da qalaqebis saSeneblad.
`Seni uReli memCatos agremc,
qedze rom madgas ganaCeniviT.
ar momiRero, geTayva saxre,
siyvarulisTvis var gaCenili~, _ SehRaRadebs samSoblos.
(S. niSnianiZe,1989:253)
qarTveli kacis cnobierebaSi misgan SviliviT gazrdili xari erTguli, mSromeli,
marCenali da mamul-dedulis dvritad qceuli espaneTSi oinbazobis didostatia, funqciaSecvlili sakuTari sicocxlis fasad, brbos wuTier Jins, velur azarts emsaxureba.
ar viciT, rogor moiqceva sxva qarTveli daTos adgilze, Tumca Tamamad SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom daTos saqcieli erovnuli cnobierebis erTgvar niSans atarebs. is tovebs
koridas, radgan qarTvelia, qarTvels ki `uamravi naklis miuxedavad, iseTi Takara guli,
umzesi suli da maRali buneba aqvs, mTel samyaros daswvavda kavkasionis maradiuli Tovli rom ar agrilebdes da aSoSminebdes~ (n.dumbaZe,1989:357). daTos qceva Tavisufali
adamianis qcevaa, sakuTari Rirsebis Segnebisa da zneobrivi principebis xarjze.
pedagogma saTanado aqcenti unda dasvas mwerlis niSandobliv stilzec. `aRsaniSnavia,
rom nodar dumbaZes SeuZlia yvelaze Zneli da tragikuli ganmuxtos da sevdiani Txrobis
drosac iumori gamourios~ (r. miSvelaZe, 1990: 437) zogjer ki piriqiT, erTi SexedviT
mxiarulad, iumoriT dawyebul ambavs moulodnelad seriozuli mimarTuleba misces. rac
ase cxadadaa gamokveTili `koridaSi~. siciliT, naxevrad xumrobiT dawyebul ambavs daTo
moulodnelad amTavrebs. mwerali wertils iq ar svams, sadac mkiTxvelis alRosa da
intuiciis mixedviT mosalodneli unda iyos. Txrobas agrZelebs da sakiTxs polemikurad
Slis. did zegavlenas axdens daTos naambobi Tavis megobrebze, maTTvis moulodnelia
lazRandarobiT dawyebuli ambis amgvari dasasruli. mxolod pirvel etapze aRwevs daTo
Tavis mizans _ gadasdos megobrebs imgvari emocia da gancda, rogoric mas hqonda koridaze yofnisas, Semdeg ki moulodnelad aRmoCndeba, rom yvela ase ar fiqrobs.
daTos Secdoma isaa (Tu SeiZleba amas Secdoma vuwodoT), rom igi Tavisi Sexedulebis tyveobaSi myofi, ara marto gamoTqvams protests am sanaxaobis mimarT, aramed am tradiciis arahumanurobaze dayrdnobiT, uaryofs espaneTis sidiadesac. `vidre Cveni gemi
espaneTs garSemo uvlida, napirze arc erTxel ar gadavsulvar da espaneTis miwaze fexi
aRar damidgams~, _ asrulebs Txrobas. misi protesti mimarTulia ara mxolod am sanaxaobisadmi, aramed im qveynisadmic, romelmac korida gamoigona da Tavis gasarTobad aqcia.
amgvari xedva ki, calsaxa da ukiduresobamde misuli, ar SeiZleba bolomde marTebuli
iyos. swored amitom upirispirebs mas avtori gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss. avtori _personaJi Tvlis, rom Tu korida barbarosobaa, arc qarTul sinamdvileSi damkvidrebuli xarisadmi damokidebulebaa bolomde humanuri. ase rom, ar SeiZleba tradiciebis negatiuri
mxare qveynis damakninebel niSnad vaqcioT. radganac, nebismier tradicias Tu CavuRrmavdebiT da gakilvis sagnad vaqcevT, aucileblad aRmovaCenT arahumanur marcvalsac.
avtor _personaJs uyvars espaneTi `Tavisi baskebiT, andaluziis RameebiT, karmensitebiTa
da donxoseebiT, kastanetebiTa da alegroebiT, mcxunvare mziT, respublikanelebiT, `bandera rosaTi~, garsia lorkaTi da qveynierebis mamiT, servantesiT~ (n.dumbaZe,2005:197), igi
misi bavSvobis yvelaze lamazi sizmaria, daTos monaTxrobis Semdeg ki grZnobs, `rogor
ekargeba es tkbili zmaneba sadRac,~ amitomac cdilobs gaamarTlos Tavisi msjelobiTa
da saTanado argumentebiT korida da masSi monawile toreadori. misTvis daTos naambobi
`biTurobaa Tavidan bolomde~, daTos saqcieli ki _ `fsevdohumanizmi~, radgan Tvlis,
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rom aranaklebi kanibalizmia qarTuli tradicia, romlis mixedviTac, xars jer uRelSi
Seabamen, aTi wlis manZilze muxls da qeds ar gaamarTvineben, miwas axnevineben, aTesvineben, alewvineben, qvasa da RorRs azidvineben, saxris rtymeviT zurgze tyavs aaZroben,
mere daberebuls, daCaCanakebuls, venebdaberils, gaZvaltyavebuls yelSi danas gamousvamen, gaatyaveben, daxlze TavukuRma dahkideben, aso-aso aqnian da gayidian.
am gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisis mosmena jer akvirvebT, Semdeg ki afiqrebT moTxrobis sxva gmirebs. igi cxare kamaTis sagnad iqceva. cota xnis dumilis Semdeg ki nana SoTa
niSnianiZis saocar leqss wamoiwyebs da amiT yvelaferi cxadi gaxdeba.
`qorwili iyo... vaime, mtkioda guli saRadre,
wamogaqcieT najafi da yeli gamogaRadreT...
cxedaric mipatiosne aRap-qelexis wesebiT...
davjeq da Cems marCenalze tiriliT vwere leqsebi~.
(S. niSnianiZe,1989:281).
moTxrobaSi naCveneb adamianis daundobel bunebas, mis ugulobas, gulgril damokidebuleba xarisadmi, romelic espaneTis magaliTze gamoCnda, qarTul sinamdvileSic
hqonia adgili. amaze gansakuTrebiT metyvelebs erTi epizodi nawarmoebidan:
`_ sigareti gaqvs? _ mkiTxa maRaziidan gamosulma erT-erTma muSam da Seciebul xelebze daiorTqla.
_gayinulia? _ vkiTxe me da sigareti mivawode.
_ Tbili mindorSi balaxobs! _ mipasuxa man da axla cecxli mTxova.~
(n. dumbaZe,2005:197)
moTxrobis personaJebisaTvis sadavo xdeba is sakiTxi, romelia ufro meti kanibalizmi, korida Tu qarTul sinamdvileSi arsebuli `fsevdohumanuri~ damokidebuleba
xarisadmi?! am kiTxvaze obieqturi pasuxi ar arsebobs. Cveni subieqturi azriT ki, korida _ adamianis gasarTobad mogonili sanaxaoba, vandaluria Tavisi arsiTa da amas isev
qarTuli `fsevdohumanuri~ damokidebuleba gvirCevnia. azris sicxadisaTvis, Tu RvTis
mier samyaros Seqmnas gavixsenebT, movigonebT imasac, rom RmerTma adamiani Seqmna xatad
Tvisad, cxovelebi da frinvelebi ki maT daudgina, raTa daxmarebodnen da gamoekvebaT
igi. cxovelTa mwvaleblobas qristianuli ideologia krZalavs da did codvad miiCnevs.
korida ki swored amis magaliTia _ aTasgzis daCxvletili, gamwarebuli, giJadqceuli
xari bolos daRlili da ganadgurebuli iCoqebs matadoris Tvalwin sawyali TvalebiTa
da erTaderTi pasuxmiuRebeli kiTxviT: ras merCi, adamiano? es aris kiTxva, romelic ase
awvalebda vaJa-fSavelas Svils nukrs, iasa da mTis wyaros, adamianis sisastikisa da ugulobis SemyureT.
da mainc, ra aris korida, xelovneba Tu sisastike? amaze dava SesaZloa didxans
gagrZeldes. Cveni xedviT ki, Tu SesaZlebelia xelovneba Tavisi arsiT iyos sastiki, maSin
korida xelovnebaa, oRond daundobeli da sastiki xelovneba. adamianis marCenlad movlenili xari funqciaSecvlili brbos wuTier azarts, velur Jins emsaxureba.
mwerlis mier dasmuli xaris problema _ zneobriv-eTikuri problemaa da igi ar aris
nawarmoebSi bolomde gadawyvetili. am problemam daafiqra da naRveli mohgvara nawarmoebis personaJebs. maTgan erT-erTs ki filarmoniis gaCiraRdnebul sasaxlesTan SeCerebuls, mkvlavebgaSlilma muzam ukarnaxa absoluturi garduvali kanoni bunebisa _ `ras
izam, Cemo batono, asea qveyana mowyobilio~. saqarTveloSi megobrad, marCenlad nagulev
xars bolos wamoaqceven da daklaven, espaneTSi ki xalxis gasarTobad mouwyoben koridas.
mwerali sakiTxis polemikurad gaSuqebis Semdeg saboloo daskvnis gamotanas mkiTxvels andobs. misi mizania kidev erTxel daafiqros adamiani Tavis naklovan mxareebze
da amiT zneobrivad gazardos igi.
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