BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
1) Which of the following is an important role for fungi in the carbon cycle?
a. Fungi reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide.
b. Fungi get involved in the fixation of carbon by undergoing photosynthesis.
c. One of fungi's main roles is to provide already fixed carbon to plants that the
plants then use for the production of cellular tissues.
d. Fungi help release fixed carbon back to the environment for other plants and
photosynthetic organisms to utilize.
2) Fungi release digestive enzymes into their ___________.
a. Surroundings
b. Gastrovascular cavity
c. Stomach
d. Hyphae
e. Mycelia
3) Fungi have an extremely high surface-area-to-volume ratio. What is the advantage of this
to an organism that gets most of its nutrition through absorption?
a. This high ratio means that fungi have a thick, fleshy structure that allows the
fungi to store more of the food it absorbs.
b. The larger surface area allows for more material to be transported through the cell
membrane.
c. The lower volume prevents the cells from drying out too quickly, which can
interfere with absorption.
d. This high ratio creates more room inside the cells for additional organelles
involved in absorption.
4) Which of these fungal features supports the phylogenetic conclusion that fungi are more
closely related to animals than plants?
a. Fungi are able to change their body shape continuously throughout their life.
b. Zygomycetes have flagellated gametes.
c. The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin.
d. Fungi store polysaccharides as starch.
5) A dikaryotic cell
a. Is the same as a diploid cell
b. Has 2 nuclei
c. Is haploid
d. Is a yeast cell
6) During fungal reproduction, the process of karyogamy produces
a. A haploid cell
b. A diploid cell
c. A dikaryotic cell
d. A gamete
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
7) In the Basidiomycota, meiosis occurs in
a. An ascus
b. A basidium
c. An archegonium
d. All of the above
8) Fungi are included in this lineage
a. The Eukarya
b. The Unikonta
c. The Opisthokonta
d. All of the above
9) The main body of fungi is composed of
a. Basidia
b. Asci
c. Mycelia
d. Chytrids
e. All of the above
10) Fungi that absorb nutrients from decaying plant matter are called _____.
a. Saprobes
b. Mycorrhizae
c. Mushrooms
d. Yeasts
e. Molds
11) Molecular phylogenies show all land plants are a monophyletic group. This suggests that
_____.
a. there were many different transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitats
b. wind-pollinated plants arose first
c. land plants have undergone a diversification since they first colonized terrestrial
habitats
d. there was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats
12) Which of these characteristics is shared by algae and seed plants?
a. Embryo development within gametangia
b. Chloroplasts
c. Vascular tissue
d. Roots and shoots
e. Pollen
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
13) What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from
water to land?
a. remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells
b. loss of structures that produce spores
c. sporopollenin to inhibit transpiration from leaves
d. waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves
14) Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth
habit?
a. The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect
in air.
b. They were tied to the water for reproduction and thus needed to remain in close
contact with the moist soil.
c. There was less competition for space; only once land plants spread out did they
start to grow upright.
d. At the time of the first land plants, the carbon dioxide, which is necessary for
photosynthesis, was primarily located close to the ground.
e. Land animals of that period were small so they needed short plants to eat.
15) Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?
a. the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle
b. the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle
c. the trend toward larger gametophytes
d. the trend toward smaller size
16) The retaining of the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants _____.
a. protects the zygote from herbivores
b. evolved concurrently with pollen
c. is found only in seed plants
d. allows it to be nourished by the parent plant
e. helps in dispersal of the zygote
17) How could you determine if a plant is heterosporous?
a. It has vascular tissue.
b. Its diploid sporophyte produces spores via meiosis.
c. It produces bisexual gametophytes (gametophytes have both male and female
structures).
d. It has multiple sporangia.
e. It produces pollen.
18) A sporophyte
a. Is haploid and produces spores
b. Is diploid and produces spores
c. Is haploid and produces gametes
d. Is diploid and produces gametes
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
19) Both spores and seeds function in
a. Dispersal
b. Protecting the embryo
c. Nourishing the embryo
d. All of the above
20) According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats ____.
a. In conjunction with insects that pollinated them
b. In conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil
c. To escape abundant herbivores in the oceans
d. All of the above
21) As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____.
a. Zygote of a green alga
b. Gametophyte of a moss
c. Sporophyte of a liverwort
d. Gametophyte of a fern.
22) Which of these are spore-producing structures?
a. Sporophyte of a moss
b. Antheridium of a moss or fern
c. Archegonium of a moss or fern
d. Gametophyte of a moss
e. All of the above
23) Which of the following was a challenge to the survival of the first land plants?
a. Too much sunlight
b. A shortage of carbon dioxide
c. Desiccation
d. Animal predation
e. All of the above
24) Archegonia
a. Are the sites where male gametes are produced
b. May contain sporophyte embryos
c. Have the same function as sporangia
d. Are the ancestral versions of animal gonads
e. Make asexual reproductive structures
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
25) Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses?
a. The haploid generation grows on the sporophyte generation
b. Spores are primarily distributed by water currents
c. Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes
d. The sporophyte generation is dominant
e. The growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte
26) Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which
these plant traits originated.
1. Sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence
2. Sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence
3. Gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence
a. 1  2  3
b. 2  3  1
c. 2  1  3
d. 3  2  1
e. 3  1  2
27) Which set contains the most closely related terms?
a. Megasporangium, megaspore, pollen, ovule
b. Microsporangium, microspore, egg, ovary
c. Megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule
d. Microsporangium, microspore, stamen, ovary
28) The nonvascular plants share the characteristic of having no vascular tissue. In addition,
they all
a. Are pollinated by the wind
b. Have sperm that swim
c. Create microspores
d. Grow from protonema
29) Angiosperms differ from Gymnosperms in that only angiosperms contain
a. Pollen
b. Gametophytes
c. Seeds
d. Carpels
30) Chlamydomonas is hypothesized to be the precursor to multicellular plants because
a. It has 2 flagella
b. It has a chloroplast
c. It has cellulose in its cell wall
d. All of the above.
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
31) An antheridium is a structure that
produces
a. Sperm via mitosis
b. Sperm via meiosis
c. Eggs via mitosis
d. Eggs via meiosis
32) Ferns belong to the group
a. Bryophyta
b. Lycophyta
c. Hepaticophyta
d. Pteridophyta
33) A carpel is composed of _____.
a. zygote, anther, and endosperm
b. petal, sepal, and stamen
c. stigma, style, and ovary
d. ovule, megasporocyte, and anther
e. ovary, ovule, and anther
34) In flowering plants one megaspore gives rise to _____ nuclei.
a. Microsporangia
b. Eight haploid
c. Four diploid
d. Eight diploid
e. Four haploid
35) What is a mature male gametophyte (of an angiosperm) composed of?
a. Polar nuclei and tube cell
b. Microspores
c. Generative cell and tube cell
d. Tube cell and 2 sperm
36) Angiosperms are unique in having double fertilization that forms endosperm. What is
true about double fertilization in angiosperms?
a. Two pollen grains combine with two ovules to form the zygote and endosperm.
b. One sperm combines with the egg to form the zygote, and one sperm combines
with the polar nuclei to form endosperm.
c. One sperm combines with the polar nuclei to form the zygote, and one sperm
combines with the egg to form endosperm.
d. One pollen grain combines with the egg to form the zygote, and one pollen grain
combines with the polar nuclei to form endosperm. Two sperm combine with a
polar nucleus to form endosperm.
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
37) Fruits provide food to the developing plant
a. True
b. False
38) The seed coat develops from the
a. Ovary
b. Endosperm
c. Polar nuclei
d. Ovule
39) Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels are all
a. Female reproductive parts
b. Capable of photosynthesis
c. Modified leaves
d. All of the above
40) Which of the following correctly pairs a flower part with its function
a. Sepals – protect the flower bud
b. Petals – attract seed-dispersing animals
c. Stigma – produces nectar
d. Carpel – produces pollen
41) The corolla is a collection of
a. Sepals
b. Petals
c. Anthers
d. Carpels
42) The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma is
a. Fertilization
b. Germination
c. Pollination
d. Development
43) A peach develops from a single flower with a single ovary. This type of fruit is classified
as
a. Simple
b. Aggregate
c. Multiple
d. Dry
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
44) What is the advantage of having small, needlelike leaves?
a. decrease in transpiration rate
b. increased efficiency of light capture
c. increase in transpiration rate
d. better protection against insects and herbivores
e. decreased efficiency of light capture
45) Plants contain meristems whose major function is to ____.
a. Attract pollinators
b. Absorb ions
c. Photosynthesize
d. Produce more cells
e. Produce flowers
46) The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root
I.
Root cap
II.
Zone of elongation
III.
Zone of cell division
IV.
Zone of cell differentiation/maturation
V.
Apical meristem
Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tip of a root to its base?
a. I, II, V, III, IV
b. III, V, I, II, IV
c. II, IV, I, V, III
d. V, II, III, I, IV
e. I, V, III, II, IV
47) One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that
____.
a. Only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem
b. Root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not
c. A waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
d. Vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves
e. Leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.
48) Carbon dioxide enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the ______.
a. Cuticle
b. Stoma
c. Phloem
d. Walls of guard cells
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
49) Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?
a. Root cap
b. Root hairs
c. The thick parts of the root near the base of the stem
d. Sections of the root that have secondary xylem
e. All of the above
50) The veins of leaves are _____.
I.
Composed of xylem and phloem
II.
Continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots
III.
Finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells
a. Only I
b. Only II
c. Only III
d. I and III
e. I, II and III
51) As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3m tall. The nail is
1.5m form the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has
grown to a height of 30 m. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?
a. 0.5
b. 1.5
c. 3.0
d. 15.0
e. 28.5
52) If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when
you exited from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, ____.
a. The annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark
b. The secondary xylem, cork cambium, and newest xylem
c. The vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem
d. The secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium
e. The summer wood, bark, and phloem
53) Why are definite and distinct root and shoot systems uncommon in aquatic algae, but
present in most land plants?
a. Aquatic algae obtain most inputs for photosynthesis directly from the water that
surrounds them.
b. Land plants cannot exchange gases with their environment as easily as aquatic
algae.
c. Land plants need to be anchored to the ground, whereas aquatic algae do not.
d. The earliest plants had a sprawling growth form.
e. Aquatic algae cannot grow more than a couple of centimeters in height.
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
54) What is true about plant meristematic cells?
a. They give rise to protoderm, which is involved in photosynthesis.
b. They are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant.
c. They subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, ground
meristem, and procambium.
d. They are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells by mitosis.
e. They increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs.
55) Which of these actions describes secondary growth?
a. growth in height
b. growth of herbaceous tissue
c. development of leaves and flowers
d. development of fruit
e. development of wood and bark
56) Primary meristem gives rise to
a. Protoderm
b. Procambium
c. Ground meristem
d. All of the above
57) Mucigel
a. Acts as a lubricant
b. Helps increase water concentration close to
the root
c. Nourishes mycorrhizae
d. All of the above
58) Root hairs
a. Are extensions of dermal cells
b. Function in absorption of water and nutrients
c. Develop in the zone of maturation
d. All of the above
59) Xylem and phloem occur
a. In vascular bundles
b. In the veins of leaves
c. Continuously from root to leaf
d. All of the above
60) Wood (or secondary xylem) is produced by
a. Apical meristem
b. Vascular cambium
c. Cork cambium
d. All of the above
10
BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
61) Which statement is true about the cohesion-tension theory
a. Osmosis plays a role in the roots only
b. Evaporation plays a role in both leaves and roots
c. Cohesion plays a role throughout the xylem
d. Cohesion plays a role throughout the phloem
62) Loss of water from the aerial parts of plants is called _____.
a. Respiration
b. Dehydration
c. Transpiration
d. Gas exchange
e. High heat of vaporization
63) The processes of water flow in xylem and sugar translocation in phloem differ in many
respects. Which of the following is not a difference between xylem and phloem
transport? (Which statement is FALSE?)
a. Xylem transport is a wholly passive process; phloem transport includes active
(energy-requiring) processes.
b. Xylem transport always occurs in the same direction; phloem transport does not.
c. Water potential gradients are required for xylem transport to occur, but not for
phloem transport.
d. Cells through which xylem transport occurs are "dead" at maturity; those in
phloem transport are "alive."
64) Which term describes an area where sugars are used or stored?
a. Stomata
b. Source
c. Sink
d. Leaves
e. Phloem
65) A 50% sugar solution is hypertonic to a 35% sugar solution.
a. True
b. False
66) Surface tension of water is due to water’s property of
a. Cohesion
b. Adhesion
c. Evaporation
d. All of the above.
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
67) What drives the flow of water through the xylem?
a. Passive transport by the endodermis
b. The number of companion cells in the phloem
c. The evaporation of water from the leaves
d. Active transport by sieve-tube elements
e. Active transport by tracheid and vessel elements
68) At the source of sugar production, sugar moves from the cells responsible for
photosynthesis to neighboring cells via
a. Active transport
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Translocation
69) The theory by which water moves through a plant is called
a. Evaporative movement theory
b. Pressure-flow theory
c. Cohesion-tension theory
d. Osmosis
70) Most of the water taken up by a plant is _____.
a. Used as a solvent
b. Used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis
c. Lost during transpiration
d. Converted to carbon dioxide
e. Used to keep cells turgid
71) Bird pollinated flowers tend to be
a. White
b. Red
c. Yellow
d. Blue
e. All of the above
72) To prevent self-pollination
a. The anther and stigma ripen at different times
b. The stigma can distinguish its own pollen from that of other plants
c. The stigma and anthers are located on different parts of the plant
d. All of the above are possible
73) For efficient pollination by an animal, usually the shape of the pollinator must match the
shape of the flower
a. True
b. False
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
74) Plants attract pollinators with the following rewards
a. Nectar and pollen
b. Nutritious oils
c. Enhanced reproduction
d. All of the above
75) Reptiles can act as pollinators
a. True
b. False
Questions 76-80 are not included in your grade. Please answer truthfully. Consider what you
learned in both the lecture and lab for this course. The answers will not be used as any part of
your grade in the class. Thanks.
76) I am confident that I can explain and apply understanding of the form and physiological
function of multicellular organisms (plants, fungi and animals).
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
77) I am confident that I can explain and apply understanding of the principles of evolution.
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
78) I am confident that I can explain and apply understanding of the recognition of and
phylogenetic relationships among major groups of organisms (phyla).
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
79) I am confident that I can demonstrate an understanding of the pieces and application of
the generally-accepted Scientific Method.
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
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BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015
Freeman
Lecture Exam 3
80) I am confident that I can demonstrate the ability to do research and document information
sources.
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
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