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Asset Based Community Development
Results-Based Accountability
H. Daniels Duncan,
Faculty Member
ABCD Institute
© Copyright 2015
For copies of the PPT and Handouts
http://hddabcd.org/services/workshops/
Assumptions for Creating Real Community Change –
Community Engagement Today





Understand how complex the problems and lives of those
we serve are
It takes a wide variety of strategies and activities to achieve
community
To achieve real impact requires the community and its
residents to be involved – as producers and co-producers
Communities have an abundance of resources. The issue is
that they have not been identified and engaged
All of our activities should be directed at increasing and
not stifling community engagement
Assumptions for Creating Real Community Change –
Community Engagement Today
Should not be rushed – It takes time to build trust
and relationships
 Organizations do not collaborate – People do
based on common purpose, relationships and
trust
 To build trust ask questions – do not just give
answers
 People, places and results matter

Results-Based Accountability
COMMON LANGUAGE…COMMON SENSE…COMMON GROUND
Common Purpose & Results and
Accountability
What is Results-Based Accountability (RBA)?
A disciplined way of thinking and taking
action that communities can use to
improve the lives of children, youth,
families and the community as a whole.
It can also be used to improve the
performance of programs, agencies and
service systems.
Developed by Mark Friedman, detailed in
his book Trying Hard is Not Good Enough.
Results Accountability is about…

Ends to means decision-making: It starts with stakeholders identifying the end
results they want for the community

Unified purpose: focusing the energy of multiple partners on continuously
improving the most important measures of well-being

Transparency: Using data and effective questions to access facts and the “story
behind the facts” to move quickly to action

Communication power: Being able to tell your story in the most compelling and
data-driven way
Two parts to RBA
Population and Performance
POPULATION ACCOUNTABILITY
about the well-being of whole populations
Communities – Cities – Counties – Provinces - Nations
PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY
about the well-being of client populations
Programs – Agencies – Services
RBA in a Nutshell
2–3–7
2 Kinds
•
of Accountability
Population- or Community-Level Quality of Life

•
(Results & Indicators)
Performance- or Program-Level

(Performance Measures)
3 Kinds of Performance Measures
• How much did we do?
• How well did we do it?
• Is anyone better off?
7 Questions From Ends to Means (In less than an hour)
THE LANGUAGE TRAP - Too many terms. Too few
definitions. Too little discipline
Benchmark
Outcome
Result
Modifiers
Indicator
Measurable Core
Urgent
Qualitative
Priority
Programmatic
Targeted
Performance
Incremental Strategic
Systemic
Measure
Goal
Objective
Target
Lewis Carroll Center for Language Disorders
Definitions
RESULT
A condition of well-being for children, adults, families or communities.
Children born healthy, Children succeeding in school,
Safe communities, Clean Environment, Prosperous Economy
INDICATOR
A measure which helps quantify the achievement of a result.
Rate of low-birthweight babies, Rate of high school graduation,
crime rate, air quality index, unemployment rate
PERFORMANCE MEASURE
A measure of how well a program, agency or service system is working.
Three types:
1. How much did we do?
2. How well did we do it? =
3. Is anyone better off?
Customer Results or Outcomes
Criteria for Choosing Indicators
Communication Power
Does the indicator communicate to a broad range of
audiences?
Proxy Power
Does the indicator say something of central importance
about the result?
Does the indicator bring along the data HERD?
Data Power
Quality data available on a timely basis.
IS IT A RESULT, INDICATOR OR PERFORMANCE
MEASURE?
RESULT 1. Safe Community
INDICATOR 2.
RESULT 4.
INDICATOR 5.
RESULT 6.
INDICATOR 7.
Crime Rate
A community without graffiti
% of surveyed buildings without graffiti
People have living wage jobs and income
% of people with living wage jobs and income
POPULATION ACCOUNTABILITY –
Setting the Common Agenda and
Vision
For Whole Populations in a Geographic Area
Turning the Curve
The RBA Framework – 7 Population Accountability
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What are the quality of life conditions we want for the
children, adults, and families in our community?
What would these conditions look like if we could see them?
How can we measure these conditions?
How are we doing on the most important of these
measures?
Who are the partners that have a role to play in doing
better?
What works to do better, including no-cost and low-cost
ideas?
What do we propose to do?
Leaking Roof
(Results thinking in everyday life)
Experience
Measure
Inches of
Water
BASELINE
Not
OK
? Fixed
Turning the
Curve
Story behind the baseline (causes)
Partners
What Works
Action Plan
Results Based Accountability –
turning the Curve
Goal: Turn the Curve
It takes a variety of strategies to turn the curve – beyond
the delivery of services. (low-cost citizen action, media
support, public policy, etc.)
CI 2020 Goals - UWTSA
Health


Population Result
•
Seniors are Healthy and Maintain Maximum Independence
Indicator:
•
The percent of Pima County population 65 and older
reporting an independent living difficulty and the
percent of Pima County population 65 and older
reporting a self-care difficulty.
Rebound
Questions & Discussion
Performance Accountability
For Services, Government, nonprofits, and Resident
Action
The RBA Framework - 7 Performance Accountability
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Who are our customers?
How can we measure if our customers are better off?
How can we measure if we are delivering services well?
How are we doing on the most important of these
measures?
Who are our partners that have a role to play in doing
better?
What works to do better, including no-cost and low-cost
ideas?
What do we propose to do?
Performance Measurement Categories
Quantity
Quality
Effort
How much did we do?
# of Customers Served
How well did we do it?
Customer Satisfaction
Retention Rates
# Activities
Following Protocols
How productive?
Are we doing things right?
Effect
Is Anyone Better off?
# Skills / Knowledge
% Skills / Knowledge
# Attitude / Opinion
% Attitude / Opinion
# Behavior
% Behavior
# Circumstance
% Circumstance
Are we doing the right things?
Mark Friedman (2005). Trying Hard Is Not Good Enough: How to Produce Measurable Improvements for
Customers and Communities. USA Trafford Publishing
The RBA Framework - 7 Performance Accountability Measurements

Who are our customers?



Number Served and characteristics
How can we measure if our customers are better off?

# Skills/Knowledge

# Attitude/Opinion

# Behavior

# Circumstance
How can we measure if we are delivering services well?

Customer Satisfaction

Retention Rates

Following Protocols
What Kind of PERFORMANCE MEASURE?
Upper Left
● # of people served
Lower Right
● % participants who got jobs
Upper Right
● staff turnover rate
Lower Left
Lower Right
● # participants who got jobs
● % of children reading at grade level
Upper Left
● cost per unit of service
Upper Left
● # applications processed
Lower Right
● % patients who fully recover
Home Care Services
How much did we do?
How well did we do it?
# visits per week
# of persons
served
Ave length of visit
# visits
% service users who
say the service is
reliable, flexible,
respectful, friendly
Is anyone better off?
# entry into hospital,
residential or nursing
care
Rate entry into
hospital, residential or
nursing care
# carers report the
service helped the
service user remain at
home
% carers report the
service helped the
service user remain at
home
Effort
Environment: Water Quality
Quantity
Quality
How much did we do?
How well did we do it?
Number of
stream
stations
monitored
Average sites
per monitor
per month
Effect
Is anyone better off?
Number miles
of healthy
streams
Percent miles
of healthy
streams
Questions & Discussion
How Population
&
Performance
Accountability
FIT TOGETHER
THE LINKAGE Between POPULATION and PERFORMANCE
POPULATION ACCOUNTABILITY
Youth Succeeding in School
• % 3rd graders reading on grade level
• % MS students proficient in math & reading
• % and # students dropping out of school
POPULATION RESULTS
Contribution
relationship –
Not cause and
effect
PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY
Middle School Intensive Mentoring Project
Total # of
1:1 hours with
students
# with 10
or less days
absent for year
% parents with
“active”
connection to
program
% with 10
or less days
absent for year
Defining Roles
CUSTOMER
RESULTS
Alignment
of measures
Questions & Discussion
Assessing Your Organization
Five Strategic ABCD Questions:
1. What can residents do by themselves for themselves?
2. What can residents do with a little help from
institutions?
3. What do residents need done that they can’t do?
4. What can we stop doing to create space for resident
action?
5. What can we offer to the community beyond the
services we deliver to support resident action?
First, Do No Harm:





Don’t distract the community from its own
priorities.
Don’t force the community into the
bureaucracy’s silos.
Don’t take people’s time without showing results.
Don’t make the community dependent.
Never do for people what they can do for
themselves.
Resources
Discovering Community Power: A Guide to
Mobilizing Local Assets and Your
Organization's Capacity
http://www.abcdinstitute.org/docs/kelloggabcd.pdf
Assessing Your Organization

What is your organization’s relationship to community residents? How
accountable is your organization to the people and community it serves?

How does your work foster communication and relationship-building among
the people you serve and residents in your community?

How does your service define and engage constituents? What power do they
have? Are they seen as resources and co-producers?

How does your service strengthen community relationships and social capital?

How are you identifying other assets/resources your organization has to offer
to the community and the people you serve?
A Sample
Community
Profile
Your
Community
Profile
Sample:
Agency
Assets
Profile
Agency
Assets
Profile
A tool to illustrate partnerships
that your organization already
has with Institutions or
associations in your community
and to think about new
partnerships which might
be useful to your organization.
Questions & Discussion
Resources - ABCD
ABCD Institute – Order Publications
http://www.abcdinstitute.org/
Online ABCD Community
http://abcdinaction.ning.com/
http://www.abundantcommunity.com/
ABCD Toolkit
http://hddabcd.org/
ABCD Tools
A Community Building Principles and Action Steps Chart – A quick guide to the principles of ABCD community
building and how to put the principles into action for greater impact.
B The New Paradigm – A chart that explains the differences between a Needs Based approach and an Asset
Based approach to solving problems.
C Creating Space for Resident Action – A planning tool to help an organization begin to create space for
increased resident engagement and action.
D Three Questions for Effective Strategy Development – A tool to help guide your organization´s strategic
planning to increase resident engagement.
E Asset Mapping Eight Steps to Increase Resident Engagement — Tips on how to support ABCD based
neighborhood organizing.
F Porch Time – Learning Conversations, tips on how to connect and talk with neighborhood residents to
identify their gifts and passions.
G Tips for Working with Neighborhoods – A chart on the difference between how we work with institutions
and how to work with neighborhoods.
H Gifts Discovery Activity (short version) – The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the wide variety of
resources we have available to address an issue, beyond the services agencies offer.
I Gifts Discovery Activity (long version) – This exercise is a powerful way to start a meeting and demonstrate
the power of resources (gifts) in the room that are available to address the issue or issues identified for action.
J Asset Mapping Toolkit for Neighborhoods – This toolkit can be used to help launch ABCD in a neighborhood.
www.hddabcd.org
Resources - RBA
Websites
raguide.org
resultsaccountability.com
Book - DVD Orders
amazon.com
resultsleadership.org
Asset Based Community Development
H. Daniels Duncan
Faculty Member
Asset Based Community Development Institute
512.788.8646
[email protected]