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In-between-the –Wars
Notes
How did the map of Europe change after World War I?
New Map of Europe
Empires dissolved: Russia, Germany, Ottoman
Problems After World War I
• Jobs for Veterans-women sent home, but gained siffrage
• Rebuilding
• Debt
• Socialism + Nationalism=radical ideas
• Peace Settlements unfair
Treaties Drafted to Encourage International Peace
• Locarno Treaty-settled borders btwn Germany, France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia,
Poland
• Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928-Renounced War-Disarmament for U.S., Britain,
Japan, France, etc.
• League of Nations-Nations cooperate
Weak Spots in the World Economy
• America-overproduction, decreased demand, prices increase for raw materials +
goods
• Great Depression-affected world economy, banks stopped loans abroad, demand
for repayment of foreign lands, increase in tariffs=snowball effect
• •Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act–1930 placed heavy taxes on imports to the USA
o “Buy American!!!!!”
o Backfired and brought world trade to a halt.
The Great Depression
Causes: 1. Overproduction
2. Bank Closings
Spark: 1. Stock Market Crash
Results: 1. Unemployment
2. Life Savings Lost
USA hit hardest
Countries want Independence: Only European Countries
• Commonwealth of Nations:
– formed by British after WWI
! Canada
! New Zealand
! Australia
! South Africa
! Ireland-I.R.A.
• (Irish Republican Army)
o used guerilla warfare against British
o 1916 Easter Rising-revolt against British
• 1922 gains freedom except in Northern Ireland
– Mandates
! 1916 Husayn bin Ali rebelled against Ottomans for an independent
Arab state that stretched from Syria to Yemen
! 1917 Balfour Declaration-Zionism
! 1921 Jordan created + ruled by Husayn’s son
Jeannette Olivercarr
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How did governments change over time?
Country/Region
Important People
1918-1939
Ruled
Effects
China
•
Sun Yixian
Nationalist/3 Principles of the People
Democracy+Nationalism+Security
1911 Fall of Qing
Dynasty
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Yuan Shikai
Copresident w/Sun-pushed him out and named himself Emperor
1915: 21 Demands
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Jiang Jieshi
May Fourth Movement 1919
Nationalist/Guomindang-Civil War w/Communists-failed
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Mao Zedong
Communist Leader
1934: Long March
6,000 mile trek
gained peasant support
•
Mohondas Gandhi
•
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1919: Amirtsar-Reaction to Rowlett Acts
Ahisma/Nonviolence-Civil Disobedience
1930: Salt March
260 miles protest towards British Rule
8/14/1947: India(Hindu)/Pakistan(Muslim)
1/30/1948: Gandhi assassinated
Turkey
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Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Iran
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Shah Reza Pahlavi
(1925)
Japan
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Emperor Hirohito
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Benito Mussolini
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Adolf Hitler
India
Italy
Germany
Jeannette Olivercarr
1923 Republic of Turkey
Modernized and westernized
Gov’t secular/nonreligious
Modernized and westernized
1935 Persia becomes Iran
1924: Barred from USA
Military Promoted during G.D.: still loyal to royals
1931: Manchurian Incident-northern China-lots of resources
1933: Leaves League of Nations
1937: Second Sino-Japanes War: Rape of Nanjing
100,000 Chinese killed
Il Duce/Fascist
• National Culture rules
o Exterminate minority cultures
o All for the state
o Social Mobility Accepted
o Peace = Weakness
o Aggression = Strength
! Ethiopia: revenge over Adowa
Nationalist Socialist Party-NAZI
o •Emphasis: Racism
o “Master Race”
o Exterminate people
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Fascism: Extreme Nationalism
o State = #1
No Human value exists outside the state
•Believes state controls:
–Corporatism (Economy)
–Militartism (Armed forces)
–Totalitarianism (dictatorship)
Communism: Extreme Socialism
o Classless Society
o Socioeconomic System
o Community controls means of production
o Gained legitimacy after WWII
o Believes State is Custodian of means of
production
In Between the Wars Timeline
1919
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1920
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1921
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1922
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1923
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1924
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1925
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1926
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1927
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1928
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1929
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1930
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1931
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1932
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1933
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1934
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1935
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Jeannette Olivercarr
Treaty of Versailles signed
U.S.A. votes against joining League of Nations
Washington Naval Conference (Disarmament)
Hitler leads the Nazi Party
W.N.C. Conference
Mussolini becomes Dictator of Italy
Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch (overthrow gov’t)
Hitler imprisoned
Dawes and Young Plan (financial help for Germany)
Locarno Pact (Borders settled in Europe)
Mein Kampf published
Germany admitted to League of Nations
Hirohito is Emperor of Japan
InterAllied control of germany ends
“Black Friday” Germany’s economy collapses
Kellog-Briand Pact (outlaws aggression and war)
Stock Market crashes
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Japan invades Manchuria
FDR is president
Japan leaves League of Nations
Hitler is named Chancellor
Hitler issues Enabling Act (make laws without gov’t consent)
“Night of the Long Knives” (Operation Hummingbird) Hitler kills opponents
Italy invades Ethiopia
Nuremberg Laws issues (defines Judaism)
Neutrality Acts
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1936
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1937
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1938
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1939
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1940
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Germany reoccupies Rhineland
Spanish Civil War
Neutrality Acts
Anti-Comintern Pact
Berlin Olympics
Rome-Berlin Axis formed
Neutrality Acts
Second Sino-Japanese War
Poland refuses to return Danzig
Italy joins Anti-Comintern
Anschluss (union with Austria-against treaty of Versailles)
Kristallnacht (German attacks on Jewish businesses
Munich Conference (Sudetenland handed over to Germans) APPEASEMENT
3/15 Nazi’s take Czechoslovakia
3/28 Spanish Civil War ends
5/22 “Pact of Steel” between Italy and Germany
8/23 Nazi-Soviet Pact (Nonaggression Pact)
8/25 Britain and Poland become allies
8/31 Brtiain Mobilizes
9/1 Nazi’s invade Poland
9/3 Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand declare war on Germany
June 22, 1940 France surrenders to Germany
Effects of World War II
Cold War Begins:
o 1945 Conferences: What to do after the War?
o February: Yalta (Churchill, FDR and Stalin)
o July: Potsdam (Atlee, Truman and Stalin)
o Issues: Germany, Poland, Eastern Europe, War in Pacific and Collective Security
o Results: Germany divided, Poland and Eastern Europe given to USSR, dropped
bombs and United Nations, Nuremberg Trials & U731, Universal declaration of
Human Rights.
United Nations Purpose: committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing
friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human
rights
Containment: stopping communism from spreading
1947:
o Truman Doctine-stand up against communist control/support a result of the Greek Civil
war= provides aid/$$
o Marshall Plan: provides $$$ to European countries to help them rebuild their economies
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization-Democratic Nations) vs. Warsaw Pact (Communist Nations)
Jeannette Olivercarr
Tuesday, March 31, 2015 at 12:15:20 PM Eastern Daylight Time
00:25:00:aa:ce:5c