Ecological Restoration of Polluted Rivers & Lakes of India
Rivers & Lakes of India
River in urban areas
Dream to convert into clean river
Sayali Joshi
Vice President, SESS & CEO, SERI, Pune
[email protected]; [email protected]
Rivers of India
Ref.: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_rivers_of_India accessed on 28 May 2014
Indian Waters: Current Status
Pollution: Major Cause of Economic Losses,
Stunted development in many regions
Issues of Waters – Rivers and Lakes
Encroachment
Pollution
Losses / alterations of
Hydrologic Cycle due to
hydromodifications
Local to Global Problem
Decentralized issues
Centralized infrastructure
without due credit to
ecosystem processes
4
Current Status of Water bodies: India Dissolved Oxygen (DO) less than 1 ppm in most of the urban water bodies
Unhealthy water bodies lead to perilous epidemics Aftermaths of the GAP Phase‐I Schemes for Varanasi
1. BOD in the religious bathing area is high even
after
f completion
l i off the
h GAP I.
I The
Th BOD is
i as high
hi h
as 25 mg/l at the confluence of Ganga and
Varuna.
2. Fecal coliform varied from 70000 mpn/100ml to
1.5 million/100ml.
3 In unpolluted upstream area of Assi river ‐ 2mg/l
3.
of BOD and undetectable fecal coliform.
4. Treated sewage coming out from STPs has BOD
>50mg/l; suspended solids >100mg/l; fecal
coliform levels remain very high.
5 About 90 per cent of pollution into the holy river
5.
is caused by sewage generation while only about
5 to 6 per cent industrial effluents can be blamed
for river pollution.
(Ref.:
http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153800/ accessed
on 28/05/2014)
Governments’ Environmental Accountability and Responsibility of Lotic (Stream) / Lentic (Lake) Restoration Project Management
Social, Cultural Necessity 51A (g)
(g)
48A
People, Groups, NGOs, CBOs, Volunteers Green
Volunteers, Green Clubs
Government Departments /
Departments / Nodal Agency
Protection, Regulation & Conservation
Green Surgeons, G
S
Designers, Planners, Green Curator
Science, Engineering & Technology Ecological Restoration
Not infrastructure but eco‐health
Not infrastructure but eco
health improvement
improvement
It’ss Not ASSET but
It
Not ASSET but
PROCESS
Restoration of Rivers and Lakes
9 Ecological Health project and not Infrastructure project
9 Revitalization of self-purification capacity of water body
9 Conversion of single species or no life river or lake water
body into multispecies living water body
9 Maximum use of nature’s own capital
p
and recurring
g and
minimization of monetary and manmade inputs like
electricity, machinery and chemicals
9 Local action for Global issue of Climate Change
Compliance With Rules & Regulations
Water Policy, 2012 & 2002
2012 & 2002 Water quality for prioritized uses
National Action Plan for Climate
Climate Change (NAPCC), 2008
R d ti
Reduction of GHGs
f GHG
National Environment Policy, 2006
Conservation of water resources through livelihood
Water Pollution (Prevention &
(Prevention & Control) Act, 1974 & its amendment
Discharge standards
What is Ecotechnology?
Chemical Sciences
Life Sciences
and Engineering and Engineering
Earth Sciences
and Engineering
Ecotechnology
River Restoration
Lake Restoration
Green Bridge System
•
Culmination of 25+ years of research
•
100% Natural Process
•
Reinvigorates the natural Reinvigorates
the natural
Ecosystem
•
Truly sustainable
l
i bl
•
Carbon positive
•
Nitrogen positive
•
Fecal pathogen control
Green Bridges
The horizontal eco-filtration system – a grafting
of ecological system to treat the pollution
flowing through the streams and rivers
Space Footprint
Carbon Footprint
Ecotoxicity
Nutrient Balance
0 sq. m
Less than 0
reduced to 0
100%
Significant Observation
Despite of continued industrial discharges and shock loads there is no fish kill.
kill
Fish contract deposit increased from Rs. 2,00,000 (in 2008 – 09) to Rs. 1,25,00,000 (in 2012).
Significant Observation
DO concentration increased from 0 mg/L (untreated stretch) to 11.4 mg/L (treated).
DO transfer in a day – 11500 kg in 1 km stretch of ecotechnological treatment
(
(equivalent
i l t to
t Rs.
R 3 crores – the
th costt incurred
i
d for
f mechanical
h i l aeration)
ti )
Rasoolabad Stream Restoration Project: 2011 - 2012
Before
Stream No. 3
After
Green Structures for revival
of river’s self-purification capacity Buddha NEER Project with
support from MoEF, NRCD, CPCB
Lessons from Ecological Restoration Projects in Different Parts of India
Different Parts of India
Governance issue
Ahar River, Udaipur
Medi Kuntha,
Hyderabad
Rasoolabad, Allahabad
Buddha Nallah, Ludhiana
SStewardship / d hi /
Patron
UCCI
Wi
Wiprocare
Ganga
G
Abhiyan
S
Sewa
CPCB & NRCD
Monitoring
JSS & UCCI
IAAB & SERI
GSA & SERI
CPCB, PPCB &
SERI
Stakeholder/s
UIT, Irrigation
HMDA
AMC
LMC, irrigation
Institutional coordination
6
7
5
4
Institutional memory
6
8
4
2
S l 1 to 10 (where 1 is the worst & 10 is the best)
Scale –
1 t 10 ( h
1 i th
t & 10 i th b t)
Science & Technology
SERI
SERI
SERI
SERI
Implementation
GRIN
SERI
GRIN
GRIN
Benefits to
Farmers
fishermen
Ganga Project
Farmers
& Villagers
Lessons from Ecological Restoration Projects in Maharashtra
Governance issue
Waldhuni
River, Mumbai
Jayanti Nallah, Kolhapur
CME, Dapodi, Pune
Ambil Odha, Pune
SStewardship / d hi /
Patron
UMC MPCB
UMC,
KMC MPCB
KMC,
CME, Cummins
CME
C
i
C
Corporates
Foundation
RAG
Monitoring
MPCB
MPCB
SERI
RAG & SERI
Stakeholder/s
Water supply & Downstream
industries
population
‐
PMC
Institutional coordination
2
2
8
7
Institutional memory
1
1
8
6
&
S l 1 to 10 (where 1 is the worst & 10 is the best)
Scale –
1 t 10 ( h
1 i th
t & 10 i th b t)
Science & Technology
SERI
SERI
SERI
SERI
Implementation
‐
‐
CRC
CRC
Benefits to
Urban
population
Villagers
River ecosystem
River ecosystems
Present Status of Khan River, Indore
Total sewage:200 MLD(CPCB Report(2010)
IMC is treating: 90 MLD Industrial effluent: 2.2 MLD
Downstream to Indore from kabitkhedi to Sanwer Khan
river water is being used for growing vegetables and
irrigating the crops by the Farmers. It poses high risk of
food chain contamination.
Khan River is the main
water body of the Indore
city. Indore city is situated
in the catchment of two
small rivers i.e.
i e Khan and
Sarswati. Khan River is
flowing through heart of
Indore city and traveling
around 50 km distance
before confluences with
Shipra River at Ujjain.
Present Status of Nag River, Indore
Sewage generation from the city: 346 MLD
STP capacity: 100 MLD
Stretch in city : 17 km
Total flow of Nag River: Dry weather flow of Nag River is about 300 MLD Present status: Highly concentrated sewage of Nagpur is carried by the Nag and into the
Present status: Highly concentrated sewage of Nagpur is carried by the Nag and into the Vainganga. Water stored in the dam reservoir has become polluted and its backwater has reached Ganeshpur, 3km from Bhandara.
Nag River is black coloured with foul odor water‐body with floating fecal particles.
l k f
lack of oxygen and biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton, anaerobic degradation d bi di
i
f h
l k
d
l k
bi d
d i
makes water unsuitable for any type of use
Future of Water Governance
C id E l
Consider Ecology as Economy
E
Rebirth of Streams & Lakes
R
bi th f St
&L k
With Ecotechnology & Ecological Engineering
Shrishti Eco-Research Institute
B-106, Devgiri, Opp. P. L. Deshpande
Garden, Near Ganesh Mala, Sinhagad
Road, Pune – 411 030 Phone: +91-20
– 24253773 TeleFax: +91-2066206539
Email: [email protected]
In association with –
1. Green Infrastructure, Pune
2. Yash Foundation, Ahmedabad
3. WAPPSYS, Gurgaon
4 ECOSYS,
4.
ECOSYS Pune
5. TransNVtech, Pune