Ecological Restoration of Polluted Rivers & Lakes of India Rivers & Lakes of India River in urban areas Dream to convert into clean river Sayali Joshi Vice President, SESS & CEO, SERI, Pune [email protected]; [email protected] Rivers of India Ref.: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_rivers_of_India accessed on 28 May 2014 Indian Waters: Current Status Pollution: Major Cause of Economic Losses, Stunted development in many regions Issues of Waters – Rivers and Lakes Encroachment Pollution Losses / alterations of Hydrologic Cycle due to hydromodifications Local to Global Problem Decentralized issues Centralized infrastructure without due credit to ecosystem processes 4 Current Status of Water bodies: India Dissolved Oxygen (DO) less than 1 ppm in most of the urban water bodies Unhealthy water bodies lead to perilous epidemics Aftermaths of the GAP Phase‐I Schemes for Varanasi 1. BOD in the religious bathing area is high even after f completion l i off the h GAP I. I The Th BOD is i as high hi h as 25 mg/l at the confluence of Ganga and Varuna. 2. Fecal coliform varied from 70000 mpn/100ml to 1.5 million/100ml. 3 In unpolluted upstream area of Assi river ‐ 2mg/l 3. of BOD and undetectable fecal coliform. 4. Treated sewage coming out from STPs has BOD >50mg/l; suspended solids >100mg/l; fecal coliform levels remain very high. 5 About 90 per cent of pollution into the holy river 5. is caused by sewage generation while only about 5 to 6 per cent industrial effluents can be blamed for river pollution. (Ref.: http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153800/ accessed on 28/05/2014) Governments’ Environmental Accountability and Responsibility of Lotic (Stream) / Lentic (Lake) Restoration Project Management Social, Cultural Necessity 51A (g) (g) 48A People, Groups, NGOs, CBOs, Volunteers Green Volunteers, Green Clubs Government Departments / Departments / Nodal Agency Protection, Regulation & Conservation Green Surgeons, G S Designers, Planners, Green Curator Science, Engineering & Technology Ecological Restoration Not infrastructure but eco‐health Not infrastructure but eco health improvement improvement It’ss Not ASSET but It Not ASSET but PROCESS Restoration of Rivers and Lakes 9 Ecological Health project and not Infrastructure project 9 Revitalization of self-purification capacity of water body 9 Conversion of single species or no life river or lake water body into multispecies living water body 9 Maximum use of nature’s own capital p and recurring g and minimization of monetary and manmade inputs like electricity, machinery and chemicals 9 Local action for Global issue of Climate Change Compliance With Rules & Regulations Water Policy, 2012 & 2002 2012 & 2002 Water quality for prioritized uses National Action Plan for Climate Climate Change (NAPCC), 2008 R d ti Reduction of GHGs f GHG National Environment Policy, 2006 Conservation of water resources through livelihood Water Pollution (Prevention & (Prevention & Control) Act, 1974 & its amendment Discharge standards What is Ecotechnology? Chemical Sciences Life Sciences and Engineering and Engineering Earth Sciences and Engineering Ecotechnology River Restoration Lake Restoration Green Bridge System • Culmination of 25+ years of research • 100% Natural Process • Reinvigorates the natural Reinvigorates the natural Ecosystem • Truly sustainable l i bl • Carbon positive • Nitrogen positive • Fecal pathogen control Green Bridges The horizontal eco-filtration system – a grafting of ecological system to treat the pollution flowing through the streams and rivers Space Footprint Carbon Footprint Ecotoxicity Nutrient Balance 0 sq. m Less than 0 reduced to 0 100% Significant Observation Despite of continued industrial discharges and shock loads there is no fish kill. kill Fish contract deposit increased from Rs. 2,00,000 (in 2008 – 09) to Rs. 1,25,00,000 (in 2012). Significant Observation DO concentration increased from 0 mg/L (untreated stretch) to 11.4 mg/L (treated). DO transfer in a day – 11500 kg in 1 km stretch of ecotechnological treatment ( (equivalent i l t to t Rs. R 3 crores – the th costt incurred i d for f mechanical h i l aeration) ti ) Rasoolabad Stream Restoration Project: 2011 - 2012 Before Stream No. 3 After Green Structures for revival of river’s self-purification capacity Buddha NEER Project with support from MoEF, NRCD, CPCB Lessons from Ecological Restoration Projects in Different Parts of India Different Parts of India Governance issue Ahar River, Udaipur Medi Kuntha, Hyderabad Rasoolabad, Allahabad Buddha Nallah, Ludhiana SStewardship / d hi / Patron UCCI Wi Wiprocare Ganga G Abhiyan S Sewa CPCB & NRCD Monitoring JSS & UCCI IAAB & SERI GSA & SERI CPCB, PPCB & SERI Stakeholder/s UIT, Irrigation HMDA AMC LMC, irrigation Institutional coordination 6 7 5 4 Institutional memory 6 8 4 2 S l 1 to 10 (where 1 is the worst & 10 is the best) Scale – 1 t 10 ( h 1 i th t & 10 i th b t) Science & Technology SERI SERI SERI SERI Implementation GRIN SERI GRIN GRIN Benefits to Farmers fishermen Ganga Project Farmers & Villagers Lessons from Ecological Restoration Projects in Maharashtra Governance issue Waldhuni River, Mumbai Jayanti Nallah, Kolhapur CME, Dapodi, Pune Ambil Odha, Pune SStewardship / d hi / Patron UMC MPCB UMC, KMC MPCB KMC, CME, Cummins CME C i C Corporates Foundation RAG Monitoring MPCB MPCB SERI RAG & SERI Stakeholder/s Water supply & Downstream industries population ‐ PMC Institutional coordination 2 2 8 7 Institutional memory 1 1 8 6 & S l 1 to 10 (where 1 is the worst & 10 is the best) Scale – 1 t 10 ( h 1 i th t & 10 i th b t) Science & Technology SERI SERI SERI SERI Implementation ‐ ‐ CRC CRC Benefits to Urban population Villagers River ecosystem River ecosystems Present Status of Khan River, Indore Total sewage:200 MLD(CPCB Report(2010) IMC is treating: 90 MLD Industrial effluent: 2.2 MLD Downstream to Indore from kabitkhedi to Sanwer Khan river water is being used for growing vegetables and irrigating the crops by the Farmers. It poses high risk of food chain contamination. Khan River is the main water body of the Indore city. Indore city is situated in the catchment of two small rivers i.e. i e Khan and Sarswati. Khan River is flowing through heart of Indore city and traveling around 50 km distance before confluences with Shipra River at Ujjain. Present Status of Nag River, Indore Sewage generation from the city: 346 MLD STP capacity: 100 MLD Stretch in city : 17 km Total flow of Nag River: Dry weather flow of Nag River is about 300 MLD Present status: Highly concentrated sewage of Nagpur is carried by the Nag and into the Present status: Highly concentrated sewage of Nagpur is carried by the Nag and into the Vainganga. Water stored in the dam reservoir has become polluted and its backwater has reached Ganeshpur, 3km from Bhandara. Nag River is black coloured with foul odor water‐body with floating fecal particles. l k f lack of oxygen and biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton, anaerobic degradation d bi di i f h l k d l k bi d d i makes water unsuitable for any type of use Future of Water Governance C id E l Consider Ecology as Economy E Rebirth of Streams & Lakes R bi th f St &L k With Ecotechnology & Ecological Engineering Shrishti Eco-Research Institute B-106, Devgiri, Opp. P. L. Deshpande Garden, Near Ganesh Mala, Sinhagad Road, Pune – 411 030 Phone: +91-20 – 24253773 TeleFax: +91-2066206539 Email: [email protected] In association with – 1. Green Infrastructure, Pune 2. Yash Foundation, Ahmedabad 3. WAPPSYS, Gurgaon 4 ECOSYS, 4. ECOSYS Pune 5. TransNVtech, Pune
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