1. No category

Presentation of the heat cost allocation’s principles
Eric FARNIER
Innovative Products Purchasing & Industrial
Deputy Manager
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
Sub Billing of Heating and Hot water shall be measured as electricity, gas or water
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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Heat cost charges without individualisation
Assumed average 120kWh/m²
725 € - 67 m2
725 € - 67 m2
725 € - 67 m2
Overall
consumption :
24 120 kWh,
2170,00€
Collective source
of energy for
heating and hot
water
Without Heat cost allocation :
• Every body pays according to apartments’ surface
3
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
Heat cost allocation : increase consumer’s awareness, based on equity, and saving
incentives
520 € - 80 KWh/m²
710 € - 125 KWh/m²
595 € - 98 KWh/m²
Overall
consumption :
20 300 kWh
1830,00€


Mr A, left home 2
months & reduced T°
Mr B, keeps opening
windows to cool down
Mr C, smartly managed
temperature
Collective source
of energy for
heating and hot
water
With Heat cost allocation :
Every body pays according to the individual heating energy measure of each dwelling
People reduce their consumption by making them aware of their energy consumption
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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Heat cost allocation : transparency, equity, environment friendly
Overall objective of heat cost allocation
•
•
•
•
Building manager’s
preoccupation
Unpaid invoices
Track energy waste
The occupants wellbeing
Tenants‘ complaints about exaggerated
consumptions
• Monitor et contain its budget, and environment
impact
• Be aware and pay for their consumption
• Understand the energy charges
Occupant’s
preoccupation
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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Two different technologies are used depending on the fluid distribution column
2 topologies :
Horizontal loops, one single entry
point per flat
Multiple distribution columns, several entry
points in each flat
Heat meter
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
Heat cost allocators
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Heat meters
No moving part, no maintenance,
long lasting accuracy
More expensive than mechanical meters,
although difference is reducing
static
Mechanical
Small dimensions, economical
solution
Sensitive to fluid quality,
installation costs
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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How does a heat meter calculates the energy consumed?
Energy is computed out of three measures:
• Heating liquid flow
• Inlet temperature
• Return temperature
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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Two different technologies are used depending on the distribution column
2 topologies :
Horizontal loops, one single entry
point per flat
Heat meter
Multiple distribution columns, several
entry points in each flat
Heat cost allocators
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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HCA (Heat cost allocators)
•
•
Electronic temperature measurements, accurate,
reliable
Remote transmission for web data availability
Evaporator
•
•
•
Electronic
The heat makes the liquid contained in the device
evaporate
The evaporation is measured on the graduated
scale
The evaporation is proportional to the heat
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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General principle of the heat cost allocators
Position of the heat cost allocator :
• Easy installation
heat cost allocator probes:
• measure very frequently (4 typical)
Probe 1
Probe 2
How it works :
Troom
KC KQ
Tsurface
•
•
Energy delivered
KC : coefficient of the association between the radiator and the heat cost allocator
KQ : coefficient of the radiator’s power
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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The coefficient are scientifically identified
 Where do Kc and Kq come from?
•
Independant labs (with over 20 years experience) work on the calculation
of the KC which links one HCA model with a radiator type:
•
The KQ is given by the manufacturer of the radiators, and standardized
 Tools and software used during installation allow a strict
pairing of HCA and radiator, which is key for an efficient
consumption calculation
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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Heat meters vs. Heat Cost Allocator
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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HCA and Heat Meters : two reliable, proven technologies
European Standards :
Heat meters
Heat cost allocators
MID and EN 1434
EN 834
 130M° heat cost allocator operated today in Europe
 More than 30 years of experience in operation for
most of them
 EN834 published in 1994
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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The heat cost allocator is as efficient as the heat meter
 GDF Suez lab in 2004 compared the measures given by the heat meters
and the heat cost allocators over different periods in three experimental
apartments
 Here are the results (over one month and with the meters taken as
references):
Apartment 1
Apartment 2
Apartment 3
Meter (%)
13,99
36,01
50,00
Allocator (%)
14,34
32,84
52,82
Difference (%)
0,35
3,17
2,82
Conclusion of the experiments :
The differences between the 2 types of equipment are
negligible compared to the equipment Maximal Permitted Errors
(flow sensor + temperature sensors + electronic calculator for a
Heat meter)
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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HCA and heat meters are based on an innovative integrated intelligent infrastructure
GSM
GPRS
Mobile
Carrier
Computer
Center
Heat
Billing Services
Water
Smoke Alarm
Services:
Electricity
Billing
Web
Portal
…
Energy Data Management
and Billing Information
Gas
Supply
Property
Survey
Hardwaremanagement
Reading, Data Processing,
Billing & other Services
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
Controlling and further
Optimisations
for additional Savings
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CO2 emission saving due to consumption based billing
Study

Comparison of the CO2 emissions produced during the entire life cycle of Heat Cost
Allocator (HCA) radio and the CO2 savings due to individual heating cost billing.

Based on 18 million heat cost allocators in more than 400.000 properties in Germany.

Result: Consumption-dependent heating cost billing based on the HCA radio saves 158
times as much CO2 as is produced over the entire life cycle.
Cause
Saving
The HCA radio causes 0.53 kg
of CO2 emissions each year.
(= production cost of approx.
100 sheets of virgin fibre paper)
The consumption-dependent
billing saves 84 kg of CO2
emissions each year (= production
cost of approx. 15,800 sheets of
virgin fibre paper)
Heat Cost Allocation and Billing Workshop - Paris, 5-6 may 2015
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Thank you for you attention
Questions & answers
????