Workshop on Heat metering, efficient heat cost allocation and billing
Challenges and Opportunities
Paris, May 5th and 6th, 2015
Individual Heat Metering
Setting the scene
www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Luca Castellazzi
Yamina Saheb
Paolo Zangheri
Katalin Bodis
Serving society
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The JRC
The building sector is the largest single
final energy consumer in Europe
Source: Eurostat
8 May 2015
3
Space heating is the main end-use in residential
buildings at EU level
n/a
Source: ODYSSEE (2012)
8 May 2015
4
At the EU level, gas is the main energy carrier
used for space heating in residential buildings
8 May 2015
Source: ODYSSEE (2012)
Pathway towards an energy efficient EU
building stock
1
• Reducing energy needs: Bioclimatic design and passive
solutions
2
• Reducing energy consumption: Efficient envelope and building
equipment
3
• Supplying with RE sources: on site and/or in the surroundings
4
• Working on behavioural change: accurate information
to consumers via metering and sub-metering
8 May 2015
6
By April 2014, the implementation of art.9.3 of
the EED was uncompleted
Mandatory requirements
Mandatory with exemptions
Sub-metering not cost effective
Not transposed/unclear
JRC analysis based on NEEAPs submission
8 May 2015
7
A theoretical potential of 20 Million of permanently
occupied dwellings to be sub-metered
Dwellings in multi-apartment buildings with collective central heating
8 May 2015
JRC estimates based on ODYSSEE and EVVE data (Year 2015)
8
Favourable policy frameworks do not always
match the theoretical potential in each MS
8 May 2015
Source: JRC analysis based on
NEEAPs, ODYSEE and ANCCA data
9
Do existing technological solutions allow
for sub-metering existing heat distribution
systems?
Horizontal distribution piping
8 May 2015
Vertical distribution piping
10
Heat Meters and Heat Cost Allocators don't save
energy, but Users do!
Effective control systems are pre-requisite for behaviour change
Room temperature controls:
• Thermostatic Radiator Valves
• Programmable thermostats
Training and education on the use of control systems are needed
8 May 2015
11
How to assess the cost effectiveness of sub-metering
and what shall we include in the assessment
Sub-metering is cost effective when the savings throughout the
life span of the system will be higher than the installation and
operational costs of the system
Cost vs Savings
Cost of the Metering system:
Energy cost savings:
Installation of metering system
+ services
Temperature controls?
Training of occupants?
Reduction of consumption
depends on energy quality
level of the building and on
user behavioural changes
8 May 2015
12
Points for discussion
•
How big is the sub-metering market in different MSs? And how much savings
shall we expect?
•
Is heat metering cost effective in all MSs? What are the assumptions and
calculation methods used in each MSs?
•
Should control systems be included in the cost-effectiveness calculations?
•
Who provides training to end-users? Who pays for it? Should this cost included
in the cost-effectiveness calculations?
•
Can sub-metring trigger other energy efficiency actions at dwelling level (e.g.
replacement of windows, air infiltration reduction, internal insulation etc)
•
The heat consumption measured by meters is influenced by both the dwelling
characteristics and the occupant behaviours. But should heating charges relate
to occupant behaviour only? How to have fair distribution of heat consumption
cost between apartments?
•
Do existing sub-metering technologies addressing different heat distribution
configurations of existing building in each MSs? Is there a need for more R&D?
8 May 2015
13
Thank you for your attention
Luca Castellazzi
[email protected]
EC DG Joint Research Centre (JRC)
IET - Institute for Energy and Transport
Ispra - Italy
http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu