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ISSN 2394-3777 (Print)
ISSN 2394-3785 (Online)
Available online at www.ijartet.com
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET)
Vol. II, Special Issue XXIII, March 2015 in association with
FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TIRUNELVELI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES
(ICRACST’15)
TH
25 MARCH 2015
DESIGN OF SLOTTED MICROSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA
FOR GPS RECIEVER
P.Sanath kumar1
1.PG Scholar
Department of ECE
St.Joseph’s College of Engineering
Chennai, India
Mrs.D.sungeetha2
2.AssociteProfessorDepartment of ECE,
St.Joseph’s College of Engineering,
Chennai, India
Abstract: In this paper the proposed micro strip
patch antenna is designed to operate at range of
5.29GHz. The reflection co-efficient S11 = -28.5
dB is achieved .The feed is excited by co-axial
feeding technique to match the input impedance
Z0 = 50Ω. For the proposed method four
different slots are ceriated . This slot is used to
stop the harmonic frequency of radiating
element. The harmonics are present at the
integer multiple of patch antenna. The gain of
the is achieved. Radiation pattern of the patch
also calculated. Different slots are analyzed.
I INTRODUCTION:
In recent days modern wireless
communication plays a major role in the
applications of GPS due to its low cost and high
performance. The GPS is a satellite based
navigation system that can be used to locate the
position everywhere on the earth. This GPS
application can be implemented in the microstrip
patch antenna .The miniaturization of the normal
microstrip patch antenna has been accomplished by
various forms which may include high dielectric
constant substrates modifications in the patch
antenna design ,using short circuits and
combinations of any of the technique .The simplest
solution is by using high dielectric constant
substrate, it may exhibit narrow bandwidth , high
loss and poor efficiency due to surface wave
excitation [1]. There are different types of antennas
which may work under some basic principles of
Mr.R.Parthasarathy3
3.Assistant ProfessorDepartment of ECE,
St.Joseph’s College of Engineering,
Chennai, India
electromagnetic. There are different types of
configurations out of which the rectangular and
circular configuration is used for the simulation
because of the ease of the analysis fabrication and
the attractive radiation characteristics. These
antennas can be mounted on the surface of the
aircraft, space craft and even in hand held mobile
devices [2].
The
rapid
growth
of
wireless
communication services caused the increase in
demand for low cost ,compact and high efficient
equipment. Most of the communication systems
may use non-linear device for the amplification.
The properties of a non-linear device causes the
power radiation at harmonic frequencies are
generated. These unwanted harmonics may degrade
the performance of the system. The antenna is not
only a radiating element but also to do certain
operations they are filtering. In order to suppress
the harmonic frequency a slot can be etched on the
patch [3]-[4]. Microstrip patch antenna have been
used in the low power systems of the radiation and
reception of the aviation due to its light weight,
easy to manufacture and easy to manufacture. A
number of antenna with band-notched properties in
order to achieve the function. There are some
widely used methods they are etching the slots on
the patch or the ground plane. The types of the slots
are triangular, square, C-shaped, H-shaped,
rectangular are used to obtain better performance
[5].
38
All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJARTET
ISSN 2394-3777 (Print)
ISSN 2394-3785 (Online)
Available online at www.ijartet.com
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET)
Vol. II, Special Issue XXIII, March 2015 in association with
FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TIRUNELVELI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES
(ICRACST’15)
TH
25 MARCH 2015
In the proposed system the radiating
element is used to operate in 5.28GHz for the GPS
application and the first harmonics of the patch is
also analysed. In order to suppress this out of band
radiation different slots are created on the radiating
element. The outer slot is used to reduce the depth
of outer band radiation of reflection co-efficient
S11= -15dB to -10dB.the second inner slot is used
to suppress all the harmonics to zero level. All the
simulation result of patch antenna is analysed and
both the slots are rectangular slots.
.
y0=
6.1783
5+93.18
4+682.69
3+2.561 .9
2+4043 1+6697 2 (2≤ ≤10)
..........(8)
[7]
[7]
L  length of the patch antenna
y0  position to find to feed the co-axial feeding
technique which is used to match the 50 Ω
impedance. This approximated equation used to
find the position of the co-axial feed.
III DESIGN
ANTENNA
II BASIC DESIGN EQUATIONS:
These are some of the approximate
equations for the design of the patch [4]
fr =
..........(1)
W=
..........(2)
εreff =
+
..........(3)
Where ΔL is the extension along the length and it is
calculated as
OF
SLOTTED
PATCH
In proposed method of microstrip patch
antenna is used to operate in 5.29GHz operating
frequency range in the GPS reciver. The different
size of slots etched in the radiating patch,each and
every slots are used to stop the hormonic frequency
radiating other then the design frequency the
reflection co-efficient S11=-28.5dB has been
achived. The slotted patch antenna with co-axial
feeding is shown in fig.1
..........(4)
h height of the substrate
The radiation edge (W) is usually chosen such that
it lies within the range L < W < 2L, The effective
length for rectangular micro-strip antenna which
caused by fringing effect is measured to be
L=
..........(5)
L  length of the material
And then, the effective length for the TM10 mode
could be calculated from
=
..........(6)
The resonance frequency for any TMmn mode is
given by
fr =
..........(7)
relativepermitivity [6]
39
All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJARTET
ISSN 2394-3777 (Print)
ISSN 2394-3785 (Online)
Available online at www.ijartet.com
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET)
Vol. II, Special Issue XXIII, March 2015 in association with
FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TIRUNELVELI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES
(ICRACST’15)
TH
25 MARCH 2015
Desig
n
Four
step
shape
slots
L1
(m
m)
L2
(m
m)
W1
(m
m)
W2
(m
m)
F1
(G
Hz)
F2
(G
Hz)
BW
(M
Hz)
20
22
10
15
5.1
2
5.3
9
270
shown in the tabular column may denote the
measurement of the antenna design.
The below table represents the different
slot design parameters.
Table 1: Tabulation for slot length and slot width of the
antenna
IV SIMULATION RESULTS
The graph shown below may represents
the simulation results of frequency vs S11(reflection
coefficient).
a) SIMULATION RESULTS WITHOUT
SLOT.
Fig.1 Structure of proposed microstip strip patch
antenna fro GPS receiver
Inner
Cond.
6.335 mm
The
graph 1 shows the
simulation results without any slots which operates
at a frequency of 5.29 GHz with a reflection
coefficient of -28.5 dB and with first harmonic
frequency present at 7 GHz with reflection
coefficient of -15 dB. In order to suppress the
harmonic frequency a slot is introduced in the
patch.
outer
Cond.
0
-5
The slot design parameter are: length of
the patch antenna L1=20mm, L2=22 mm, width of
the patch antenna W1 =10mm, W2 = 15 mm. The
FR4 dielectric medium is used whose size is 60 X
60 mm, and the height of the dielectric is 5.95 mm.
The co-axail feed inner and the outer radius are 0.6
mm and 1.5 mm.
The design of the micro strip patch
antenna design which consists of the different types
of slots with steps shape to design of GPS antenna
with bandwidth of 270 MHz.
It is a four steps slot antenna designed at
particular width and length of the patch which
operate at particular frequency. The parameters
-10
S11
Fig .2 cross sectional view of co-axial feed patch
antenna.
-15
-20
S11
-25
-30
4
5
6
7
8
Frequency in GHz
Graph 1: simulation result without any slot
b) SIMULATION
RESULTS
WITH
SINGLE SLOT:
The graph 2 shows the simulation result of
the antenna by a single slot which works at same
frequency and the harmonic frequency is get
reduced from -15 dB to -10 dB as shown in the
40
All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJARTET
ISSN 2394-3777 (Print)
ISSN 2394-3785 (Online)
Available online at www.ijartet.com
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET)
Vol. II, Special Issue XXIII, March 2015 in association with
FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TIRUNELVELI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES
(ICRACST’15)
TH
25 MARCH 2015
figure. The length of the slot is done by the
parameters mentioned in the table 1
c)
SIMULATION RESULT WITH SLOTTED ANTENNA
The graph shows the simulation results of the antenna by
Adding additional slots in the patch which works at a
Frequency of 5.29 GHz with a reflection co-efficient of
-28.5 dB without any harmonic frequency. The dimensions
Of the slots used in the table 1
0
-5
S11
-10
-15
-20
S11
-25
-30
4
5
6
7
8
Frequency in GHz
Graph 2 simulation result by using a single slot
0
-5
S11
-10
S11
-15
-20
-25
-30
4
5
6
7
8
Frequency in GHz
Graph 3: Simulation results by using different slots
V CONCLUSION
The radiating element is used to operate at a frequency of 5.28 GHz for the GPS application and the
method for eliminating the harmonic frequency is analyzed and presented. It operates at frequency with a
reflection co-efficient of -28.5 dB. The second and third harmonics are not analyzed in this paper because
interference of those harmonics are less compare to first harmonics. Slots are very useful to stop harmonic
frequency and plays the important role.
VI REFERENCES
41
All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJARTET
ISSN 2394-3777 (Print)
ISSN 2394-3785 (Online)
Available online at www.ijartet.com
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET)
Vol. II, Special Issue XXIII, March 2015 in association with
FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TIRUNELVELI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES
(ICRACST’15)
TH
25 MARCH 2015
[1] Haider A. Sabti & Dr. Jabir S. Aziz , “ Design of a Dual
Band GPS Micro-strip Patch Antenna”.
Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp: (92-95), Month: April - June 2014
[2] Yan Zhang, Wei Hong, Chen Yu, Zhen-Qi Kuai, Yu-Dan
Don, and Jian-Yi Zhou, “
Planar Ultra wideband Antennas
With Multiple Notched Bands Based on Etched Slots on the
Patch and/or Split Ring Resonators on the Feed Line”. vol. 56,
no. 9, september 2008
[3] R.A.Rahim , S.I.S.Hassan , F.Malek , M.N.Junita ,
M.F.Jamlos , M.N.Azizan. “A
harmonic suppression
rectangular patch antenna”. December 3-4, 2012, Kota Kinabalu
Malaysia.
[4] K. Chang, R. York, P. Hall, and T. Itoh, “Active integrated
antennas,"Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE
Transactions, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 937-944, Mar. 2002.
[5] Z. N. Chen, M. J. Ammann, X. M. Qing, X. H.Wu, T. S. P.
See, and A. Cai, “Planar antennas,” IEEE Microwave
engineering. Mag., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 63–73, Dec. 2006.
[6] C. A. Balanis, ( 1992). “Antenna theory”: A review, Proc.
IEEE 80:7–23
[7] M.Ramesh K.B “Design Inset-Fed Microstrip Patch
Antennas”, December 2003
[8] J. R. James and P. S. Hall, “Handbook of micro-strip
antennas,” IEE Electromagnetic wave series 28, Peter
Pergrinus Ltd, London, 1989.
42
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