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465/Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Vol 16 No.6 February-March 2015
Review Article
Ethical Guidelines and Considerations in Medical Genetic
Researches
Nozhat Z1, Hedayati M1, Bozorgghalati F1, Azizi F2
1Cellular
& Molecular Research Center, & 2Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, I.R. Iran
e-mail: [email protected]
Received: 26/08/2014 Accepted: 17/01/2015
Abstract
Introduction: Ethical issues are common to all sciences, and biological and medical sciences
are no exception. Since these sciences deal directly with the physical and mental health of
humans, they are exposed to thorough assessment to maintain the individuals, prestige and
dignity. Development and application of cellular and molecular biology in medical sciences cause
challenges and responsibilities in ethics, not easily predictable. This is because of three general
properties of genetic information: 1) It has private and familial concepts; 2) It often is related to the
disease in the feature, hence it has predictive properties that can provide information about the
next generation, and can also provide data on previous generations and 3) Genetic tests often
diagnose some diseases, for which there is no efficient treatment or prevention. Hence the
predictive and risk-assessing nature of genetic information has made human genetic material
invaluable to different organizations and unfortunately open to misuse by health care planners,
insurers and employers. Furthermore social discrimination and psychological injuries also
threaten individuals undergoing genetics testing. This review article discusses the ethical issues
raised in the area of genetic research, such as informed consent, confidentiality, assessment of
damage and utility, ownership of genetic findings and recall of family members.
Keywords: Ethical considerations, Genetic researches, Informed consent, Confidentiality, Ownership of
genetic researches, Calling family members