1. technology and computing

Conference Proceedings Published by : Institute of Information System and Research Center ( IISRC ) for
3rd ICELEET 2015 & ICCSHCI 2015 Bern, Switzerland – April 12 - 13, 2015
Energy Monitoring and Management Technology based on IEEE 802.15. 4g Smart
Utility Networks and Mobile Devices
Hyunjeong Lee, Wan-Ki Park, Il-Woo Lee
Energy IT Research Section
IT Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, ETRI
218 Gajeong-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700 KOREA
{hjlee294, wkpark, ilwoo}@etri.re.kr
Abstract :
This paper describes an energy monitoring and management technology using IEEE 802.15.4g Smart
Utility Network and mobile devices for energy conservation. To transfer the power and energy data, Smart Utility
Network is used between a smart plug and an energy management system. The system collects and manages energy
consumption data, and a mobile device displays the power and energy data and provides user interfaces to control
electric devices. A user can easily monitor, manage, and control energy consumption and achieve energy cost
saving using the proposed scheme.
Keywords-component; energy; SUN; monitor; manage; smart; green
I. INTRODUCTION
Smart and green technologies are the main research issues to save energy and reduce carbon emission.
Therefore, a lot of studies for these technologies are being carried out, including, Smart Grid, energy saving, and
zero carbon technologies [1]. Residence and commercial buildings are also the main areas for energy saving,
because they consume over 22% of national energy [2]. To realize these technologies, monitoring and statistics
of energy consumption is the basis for reducing energy leakage and planning energy utilization [3]. Excessive
energy consumption in the whole world has caused numerous global problems and requires energy saving and
management technologies. In building area, optimized energy management technology is needed to monitor and
manage the large number of electric devices [1]. An energy monitoring and management system (EMS), based on
Smart Utility Networks (SUN) and mobile devices, has been proposed to manage and reduce energy consumption
in a smart space. A smart plug (SP) is used to measure energy data and control devices based on SUN [4]. SUN
has been becoming a desirable solution to deliver energy and control data between an SP and an energy
management server (EMS) [5], [6]. A mobile device has been used to monitor and control energy consumption as
a graphic user interface (GUI).
The structure of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, Smart Grid and SUN technologies are described
as related work. Energy monitoring and management services based on SUN and mobile devices are illustrated in
Section 3. Implementation results are described in Section 4. At last, conclusions will be presented in Section 5.
II. RELATED WORK
A. Smart Grid
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The convergence of electricity and information technology has been emerging to provide high quality and
reliable electrical energy service [7]. In accordance with these trends, the Smart Grid technologies are being
developed and deployed that include a physical power system and an information system that link a variety of
equipment and means together to form a customer service platform. It also obtains various profitable effects by
giving smart to the existing power grid. One of the purposes for energy efficiency of many companies and nations
is the creation of a smart energy distribution grid [8]. Smart grid technology can provide new functions including
self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. Many technologies related to power and
energy topics are converged for Smart Grid such as electrical engineering, information technology,
communication, control and automation.
Using the technology, governments can save costs of imported raw materials used in the production of
energy, and energy suppliers minimize the cost of the reserved power, and customers save energy costs by
monitoring the real-time energy use, controlling the devices, and managing the energy leakage.
B. Smart Utility Networks
IEEE 802.15.4g Task Group, also known as the SUN Task Group, has been proposed the SUN standard for
outdoor low data rate, wireless, smart metering utility networks, to promote Smart Grid environment [3]. Existing
metering of water, electricity, and gas is performed manually or semi-manually. Therefore, utility service
providers require more intelligent metering systems to improve service efficiency and cost savings. Radio
frequency (RF)-based mesh networks are a good candidate to achieve a high efficiency with a low cost and
therefore have huge market potential in the field of metering systems. ZigBee [10] is one of the solutions for
RFbased mesh networking used, but it has some week points, including limited communication range, low data
rates, instability of mesh routing, and shadow zone problems. To overcome these problems, the SUN [11-13] has
been developed, which can communicate up to a range of 1 km and provide a maximum data rate of 1,600 Kbps
[3]. Since it provides reliable mesh routing, an adequate solution for RF-based mesh networking is expected. It
also can be applicable for many kinds of areas including PC peripherals, personal healthcare, home control, and
so on.
In this paper, SUN is used between an SP and an EMS to transfer energy consumption data.
III. ENERGY MANAGEMENT SERVICE BASED ON SUN AND MOBILE DEVICE
A. Technical Issues
There are some technical issues to consider for providing energy monitoring and management services. The
issues for energy monitoring and management services are illustrated in Figure 1 [5], which includes three layers.
First, SUN and sensor layer (SSL) detects instantaneous and accumulated power usage using SPs, which are
installed for each electric device. Also, sensors collect and send sensing data, such as occupancy and temperature,
to the energy monitoring and management services server. The information, such as name, type and instantaneous
power usage, for each device is saved in the profiles and used to control the energy saving services. Then, energy
monitoring and management layer (EMM) translates the raw energy data to the context information, and decides
what the contexts of energy consumption are and which services are required. For example, EMM recognizes the
energy leakage context using the information of the occupancy, and energy consumption. Finally, energy saving
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services, including device control based on occupancy, policy and ontology based device control, are provided in
the energy efficiency layer (EEL), which sends control command to the SPs to turn off the device that is not used
and wastes energy.
Energy
Monitoring
Energy
Sensor
And
Efficiency
Layer
Management
Layer
SUN and
Layer
Instantaneous
/
Control
Occupancy
Devices
based device
accumulated
control
power data
Policy based
Occupancy
device control
Sensing data
(Occupancy,
Temperature)
Ontology based
Space
device control
situation
Device Profiles
Energy
Energy
leakage
Conservation
Figure 1. Technical issues for energy monitoring and management services
Users can control devices automatic or manual modes. In the automatic mode, an administrative resident defines
control rules for energy efficiency services in advance, and devices can be controlled when the contexts are
matched. In the other mode, devices are controlled manually by the user. Also, users can monitor and control
devices using their mobile devices according to their permission level.
B. System Structure
The overview of the energy monitoring and management system based on SUN and mobile device is shown in
Figure 2. The smart space includes new technologies for smart and green service such as SPs, an EMS, and a
mobile device, and can be defined as a home, building, school, and so on. In this paper, a smart home is defined
as the space. SUN is used between an SP and the EMS, and Wi-Fi between the EMS and a mobile device, because
a mobile device doesn’t include SUN interface. The SPs measure the power and energy usage of the connected
devices and sends them to the EMS periodically through SUN. The EMS stores the power and energy data of
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devices in the database and manages the data in the database. Users are classified into two types: administrator
and general users. The administrator creates and manages information regarding energy consumption, including
profiles of users, SPs, devices, and zones in the space, using a mobile device through WiFi. The general users
added or approved by the administrator, can monitor and control devices using the mobile device according to the
designated rule. It is important to turn off unnecessarily used devices to save energy consumption. The EMS can
detect them using occupancy sensors and notify users through the mobile device. Devices can be turned off
automatically by the EMS or manually by the user, according to the predefined policy.
The Mobile device provides GUI for users to manage and controls devices.
In an existing smart space, ZigBee is utilized to transfer the power and energy data of electric devices [1], [2].
However, they have several limits such as short communication range, low data rate, instability of mesh routing,
and shadow zone. To overcome these limits, SUN is used to measure and transmit the energy data of devices. It
can communicate up to a range of 1 km and provide a maximum data rate of 1,600 Kbps [2].
O ccupancy
Temperature
SUN
Energy Service
Provider
Wi - Fi
Internet
EMS
SUN
Smart
Plug
Mobile
Device
SUN
Wi - Fi
SUN
SUN
Figure 2. Example of a figure caption. (figure caption)
C. Architecture and Components of Smart Plug, EMS, Mobile Application
The architecture and components of an SP, an EMS, and a mobile device are shown in Figure 3. The SP
has a SUN interface to communicate with the EMS [3]. The EMS has a SUN and Wi-Fi interfaces for the SP and
the mobile device, respectively. The SP collects energy consumption data for the connected device, and transfers
them to the EMS using SUN interface. The EMS then stores and manages them in the database. It also analyzes
energy consumption and makes various energy statistics. Unnecessarily used devices can be detected in EMS
using the instant power data and occupancy sensors and notified to users through the mobile device. The energy
consumption information is sent to the mobile device from the EMS via Wi-Fi. The information of SPs is managed
in the smart plug profile block, including the information of the identification, the connected device, the period of
metering and keep-alive message, and the zone where SPs exist. The users can change this information for each
SP. Users’ information and authorities are managed in the user profile block. Power and energy information for
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each SP is analyzed in the energy information block, and stored in the database. The energy statistic is made using
the energy information. Users can control devices using the commands defined in the device control block.
A mobile device provides GUI for energy management service. An administrator adds a new SP and sets the
information in the database of EMS using the mobile device. In each zone, power and energy data for devices are
displayed, and energy statistics is shown according to the time unit including time, day, week, and month per
device and per zone. Users can easily monitor the energy use of devices and remotely turn on or off them using a
mobile device.
Smart Plug
EMS
Smart Plug
Profile
Appliance
Control
User Profile
Database
Energy
Information
Energy
Statistic
SUN
Data
Transfer
Data
Collect
Device
Control
SUN
Mobile Device
GUI
Monitor
Control
Wi -Fi
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
Wi -Fi
SUN
Mobile
Wi -Fi
Figure 3. Architecture of EMS, SP, and mobile device
IV. IMPLEMENTATIONS OF EMS
The sequence flow of SP registration and EMS service is shown in Figure 4. A SP is installed for each
device, and detects the device and the EMS, and sends the registration message to the server. The administrative
user’s mobile device operates as the displayer of the server, and the information of the SP and the devices are
saved in the server using the mobile device. The intervals for metering data for each device can also be set in the
SP registration. Metering data are sent by SPs to the EMS periodically or on demand by the server requests. Then,
the server saves the energy consumption data for each device and for each zone. The users can monitor the
information using their mobile devices, and manually control the devices to reduce energy costs. The messages
for turning off devices are sent from mobile device to the SPs through the server, and they cut off the power to
the devices. Also, the predefined rules for energy leakage can invoke device control, for example, absence context
and temperature based device control. When the context is matched, operations for turning off devices are invoked.
Using this mechanism, users can recognize the energy consumption for their home, and reduce the energy leakage.
The implemented system consists of three components: a SP, an EMS, and a mobile device, as shown in Figure
5. The SP in Figure 5 (a) has a SUN interface and is capable of measuring and transmitting power and energy,
and controlling a device. It can be installed in an outlet or a device. The EMS in Figure 5 (b) has SUN and Wi-Fi
to communicate with a SP and a mobile device. It includes database and has capabilities to manage and analyze
energy consumption. The mobile device in Figure 5 (c) provides GUI for users to monitor and control devices.
Users can add and delete SPs, and change its information using the GUI. Figure 5 (d) shows the zone UI for a
living room. Energy information for the whole space and the zone is shown in upper left, and power information
for each device are in the middle, and lower part shows zones in a including a living room, a kitchen, and so on.
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Users can add a device to the zone with the upper right button. Figure 5 (e) shows the commands to control SPs
in the upper screen and the energy statistics in the lower part. Pressing the white button in the screen, users can
change the time unit for the energy statistics. A UI for device information is shown in Figure 5 (f) illustrates the
information for a device, including an identification of the connected SP, a name and a type of a device, a zone
name where the device exists, and the periods of metering message. This information is set using a mobile device
and stored in the database of the EMS.
Using the proposed system, energy consumption is reduced using the remote control of unused devices. Also,
the system can be improved by using existence sensors and predefined rules to automatic control of devices.
EMS
Mobile
Device
SmartPlug
Plug
Smart
Smart
Plug
Send registration of
SP and an Appliance
Appliance
Appliance
Appliance
Detect an
Appliance
Notify to a SP and an appliance
Register the information of
the appliance
Save the
information
Set the intervals
for Metering
Send response to the registration
Periodical Metering Information
Predefined Context is
matched (ex: Absence)
Detect the mode :
Automatic or Manual
Manual
mode
Manual mode : Notify to a user
Select devices to control for the context
Automatic Select devices
to control for
mode
the context
Control command for context
Control the appliances :
ex) turn off
Send result of control the appliances
Send result of control the
appliances
Figure 4. Sequence flow of SP registration and EMS service
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(a)
(d)
(b)
(e)
(c)
(f )
ssFigure 5. Implemented results (a) SP (b) EMS (c) Mobile device (d) Zone UI (e) SP command and energy
statistics UI (f) Device information UI
V.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose an energy monitoring and management technology based on SUN and mobile device. SUN is used
to send the energy consumption data of devices because it has many merits including communication range and
data rate compared to ZigBee. An SP measures the power and energy of devices and controls them when receiving
the control command from the user through EMS. An EMS analyzes and manages energy consumption of devices.
A mobile device provides GUI to easily monitor and control devices. Also, the proposed scheme provides user
interfaces to control unnecessarily used devices. The predefined rules for energy leakage and existence sensors
can cut off the power automatically to save energy based on the proposed system. It can result in the efficient
energy management and the energy cost saving using the SUN and mobile devices.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the ICT and Broadcasting R&D program of MSIP, Republic of Korea, under grant
number 2014-044-001-001, “Development of Technology for Integrated Energy Management Service of Building
and Community and Their Energy Trading”.
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