International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Issue: 3
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
Wireless Power Sharing – A Next Generation Power Sharing System
Nitin Sharma1 , Gurpiyar Singh2
1
2
Student, Dept. Of Electronics & Comm. Engg., GZS PTU Campus Bathinda, [email protected]
Student, Dept. Of Electronics & Comm. Engg., GZS PTU Campus Bathinda, [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Wireless technology provides innovation in electronics which reduces the efforts of engineering. In this paper,
the concept of Wireless Power Sharing is introduced which enables users to share their power of devices, at ease.
As per the proposed literature, wireless transmission of power in handheld devices is possible by Inductive
coupling, Resonant Inductive Coupling & Microwave Transmission. By frequency and wavelength parameters,
Radio Wave (Microwaves) [1] transmission allows us to transfer power at longer distances. Sharing is based on
the phenomenon that, Bluetooth module will produce the radio waves and Class 1 transmitter transmit these
waves over a large area, on the other side Rectenna will receive these radio waves and convert them into DC
power. By means, one device should act as a transmitter and other as a receiver or vice-versa. Sharing of power
can be 95% efficient at 2.45 GHz frequency.
Keywords: Power, Wireless Power Sharing, Microwave Transmission, Inductive Coupling, Resonant
Inductive Coupling, Bluetooth, Patch Antenna, Rectenna.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of power.
The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The widespread
diffusion of services and devices using wireless communication has led to a growing interest in electromagnetic
(EM) energy. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI) [2], India’s electricity grid has the highest
transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27%. This problem can be solved by wireless power
transmission which could provide much higher efficiency; low transmission cost as well as avoids power theft. As
the demand increases day by day and also increases botherations of power. Wireless power sharing is state -of- the
art to solve the above stated problems. The innovative technology Wireless Sh aring of power can be implemented
which enable users to share their power of devices, at ease. Sharing of power is basically splitting of energy from
one device to another. The process is circumscribes in the transmission of electrostatic energy from one d evice to
another through medium and that transmitting energy is received by receiver which sequel in dc power. As per the
proposed literature, we have three types of classifications on the basis of range.
1.1 Inductive Coupling[3]
Inductive coupling includes magnetic coupling between two coils. The magnetic field of one coil induces the
current in other but coupling restricted up to few inches.
1.2. Resonant Inductive Coupling
Resonant inductive coupling includes the principle of mutual induction. It consist two magnetically coupled
coils that are part of resonant circuits tuned to res onate at the same frequency. The range of coupling is more than
the inductive coupling but not too much large.
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|[email protected] [86-89]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Issue: 3
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
1.3. Microwave (Radio waves) Transmission
Microwave transmission method is considered as the most prominent method because of frequency and
wavelength parameters as this way of transmission can cover large distance, more efficiency and secure as compared
to other methods.
2. RESEARCH ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
As the uphill battle for making wireless charging is in continuation with different techniques with different
parameters taking into consideration
2.1. By Magnetron Technique
In this technique, magnetron [4] is used for the purpose of generating radio waves in the range of 1-25 GHz
frequency .So by extracting these waves from the output of magnetron, out of these frequencies 2.45 GHz at which
power can be transferred from the antenna and at receiver s ide rectenna is embedded in the system which will detect
these waves and convert into dc and stores in the battery of the device. But this technology is not suitable because of
large size of magnetron also it is too much complex to be embed in handheld dev ice due to which device hardware
will less responsive.
2.2. By Rectenna
This method described that if radio signal radiating device will spread the signal in some area then only
rectenna is required in the device that can receive the signals which are radiating by the TV Tower. But this
technique have major flaws that if rectenna has to be receive signals and boost the battery of device then device
should must be in orientation of the direction of TV Tower. Also the intensity of the receiving rate of device will
vary from one location to another, which can decay the life of battery. The intensity of these waves could harm the
life of people.
3. METHOD OF WORKING
The primary contents are transmitting end which transmits the power and Receiving end which will receive
that power.
3.1. Transmitting End
The transmitting end consists of the Bluetooth module which is responsible for producing of radio
frequencies. Bluetooth comprises of components which together performs their tasks to produce these frequencies.
The major component in this module is Patch antenna which is actually a frequency controller a ntenna which allows
only 2.45 GHz frequency to transmit.
3.1.1. Patch Antenna[6]
Patch antenna is a three layered device. Upper layer the patch layer, lower layer is the ground layer and
between these two layers there is a multilayered material called substrate,fig1.0 . The upper and lower layers forms a
dielectric with substrate as dielectric medium inside them. When the module is set to be on, the patch and the ground
gets the charges and the substrate layers starts vibrating and observes piezoelectric effect. The frequencies are
generated by the substrate due to piezoelectric effect and the layers of module will act as dielectric.
L is the length, W is the width of the patch and h is the height of the substrate layers. The frequency
transmitted by this antenna is determined by
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|[email protected] [86-89]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Issue: 3
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
Fig-1.0: Schematic Diagram Of Patch Antenna[5]
3.2. Receiving End
Rectenna is situated at the receiving end, Fig 2.0. Rectenna is basically a Rectifying antenna. It consists of a
antenna followed by a rectifying circuit. Radio waves that are transmitted by transmitter are received by the rectenna
and converted into electric energy.
Fig-1.0: Schematic Diagram Of Rectenna[7]
3.2.2. Antennas
Many different types of antennas are used to receive the radio waves. The choice of these antennas depends
upon the efficiency and handling.
3.2.2.1 Yagi-Uda Antenna[8]
A Yagi-Uda antenna, commonly known simply as a Yagi antenna, is a directional antenna consisting of
multiple parallel dipole elements in a line, usually made of metal rods. It consists of a single driven element
connected to the transmitter or receiver with a transmission line.
3.2.2.2 Microstrip Antenna [9]
A microstrip antenna is formed basically by a dielectric substrate between two metal layers, one layer is the
antenna and the other is the ground, shows the basic configuration of a microstrip antenna. Microstrip antennas are
more feasible as they can be more efficient and easily fabricated.
3.2.3. Rectifying Circuit
The signals received by the antenna are analog in nature so to store this or to convert it into dc power a
rectification circuit needed. Rectification circuit can be a full wave rectifier, bridge rectifier and also schottky diode
can be used for rectification purpose.
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|[email protected] [86-89]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Issue: 3
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
3.2.3.1. Schottky Diode
Schottky diode is commonly used for rectification purpose because of low forward voltage and low
switching voltage that is 0.15 to 0.45V; it is used as a high switching rectifying circuit. The primary advantages are
switching speeds that approach zero time and very low forward drop. If the input voltage is lower than the diode
voltage or higher than the breakdown voltage then diode does not show rectifying characteristics.
4. CONCLUSION
Wireless power transfer not only revolutionizes current technology but it also provides a remedy to the classic power
problem. Since with this concept human are able to share their battery power with anybody just like sharing of data
over a wireless medium. It somehow overcomes the power limitation of our gadgets and provides us with an option
of sharing during adversities. Instead of clinging to a power supply or carrying bu lky power savers which take lots
of time to charge, a person will have option to charge his gadget by just click of a button. It eases mobility of device
by providing an alternative to conventional charging methods by deriving power from various other sources through
sharing. By the technique and implementation derived in this paper will astonish this illusionistic world.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost , praises and thanks to the God, the almighty, for his showers of blessings throughout our
research successfully .We wish to express our thanks to Rakesh Kumar Bansal and Savina Bansal who helped us in
preparing this paper. Also we are grateful to Shubham Singh and Rajender Singh Bisht who provided helpful
suggestions for improving the presentation and making it more graceful.
REFERENCES
[1]
Wireless power transmission, Soumya Pratik muni via www.slideshare.com
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M.Venkateswara Reddy, K.Sai Hemanth, CH.Venkat Mohan M.E,(Ph.D)1Depart ment of EEE,
2B.Tech(EEE) student of , 3B.Tech(EEE) student of Vikas College of Engg and Tech,India.IOSR Journal of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
[3]
Wireless power transmission, Rakesh KK NMAM institute of technology.
[4]
Cavity Magnetron - GHN IEEE Global History Network.html
[5]
www.antennatheory.com\antennas\patches\antenna.php
[6]
www.engineeringresearchnews.com
[7]
UHF RECTENNA USING A BOWTIE ANTENNA G. Monti* and F. Congedo Dept. Innovation
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[8]
Yagi-Uda%20antenna%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.ht ml
[9]
EFFICIENT RECTENNA DESIGN FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION FOR MAV
APPLICATIONS by Tan, Lee Meng Mark
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