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IJSART - Volume 1
Issue 4 –APRIL 2015
ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
Wireless Farming Robot For Plant Health Monitoring
Using Image Processing
Mirabai A. Misal 1, Sandhya Kumari 2, Rajeev Kumar 3
Department Of Electronics Engineering
1,2,3
Savitribai Phule Pune University,, Pune (Maharashtra)
Abstract- In Modern era, where technology has influenced
every aspect of life, Agriculture system is not confined to
traditional human centric approach. The machine driven
intelligent system have come to existence to facilitate
automation and remote agriculture monitoring. Moving few
decade ago, emphasis were laid on research and development
of various agriculture robot and the warp to improve them.
The working of earlier robot were based upon RF, which
faced the problem of range. This problem is now overcome by
intelligent robot which employ GSM technique. The robot
captures the visual image of plant leaves, compares its colour
and height with reference value set in the system and
correspondingly indicates the plant health. With the use of
GSM, the robot can be operated even from a remote area.
Practical result obtained showed an appreciable degree of
accuracy of the system and friendliness through the use of a
microcontroller.
Keywords- Image Processing , Plant Health , GSM modem,
Skype
I. INTRODUCTION
A new generation of agricultural robotics has evolved.
Research have been started to experiment with autonomous
systems that automate or augment operations such as thinning,
pruning, and harvesting, as well as mowing, spraying, and
weed removal. Robots have designed with the intent of toiling
out higher quality of lower production costs, fresh produce,
and a smaller need for manual labour. The system operates on
vision-based self-guided equipments. In addition to it, sensors
and control systems embedded to it allow for optimal resource
and integrated pest and disease management.
In China, the study on agricultural robots is on the
way and mainly reflects in two aspects, one is based on the
tractors and other Agricultural machinery to develop
intelligent systems In China, the study on agricultural robots is
on the way and mainly reflects in two aspects, one is based on
the tractors and other Agricultural machinery to develop
intelligent systems with navigation function; the other is to
independently develop intelligent mobile platform for
agriculture. However, these intelligent devices are used only
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to solve the specific questions on automation and intelligence
of agricultural production, they only have specific functions
and adapt to the specific environments so that it is not easy to
expand and improve them. And the production efficiency is
low due to seasonal usage, which indirectly increases the cost
of agricultural production The Paper present implementation
of a device in order to detect the plant health from a remote
area. The system comprises of a robot, controlled by GSM
module. The robot is controlled through a mobile device,
which provide a wide range of wireless control ability. The
robot captures the visual image of plant leaves, compares its
color and height with reference value set in the system and
correspondingly indicates the plant health.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Schil.laci G, Pennisi A, Franco F, Longo D(2012)
targeted the problem of the implementation of a machine
vision algorithm that allow tomato detection in images and, as
future development, once it will be integrated with a robot, it
will be really useful to perform precision farming activities:
fruit classification, harvesting, local chemicals treatment
etc.[1][2] Yadav, S. P., Ibaraki, Y., & Gupta, S. D. (2010).
Estimation of the chlorophyll content of micro propagated
potato plants using RGB based image analysis. Plant Cell
Tissue and Organ Culture Subtle leaf color changes can be
used as a measure of plant health. Although limited work has
been carried out in real time, a recent micro-propagation based
system used potato tissue images captured via a digital
camera, to identify the colour of selected pixels.[3]Ciubotaru Petrescu, Chiciudean, Cioarga, and Stanescu (Ciubotaru, et al.,
2006) present a design and implementation of SMS based
control for monitoring systems. The paper has three modules
involving sensing unit for monitoring the complex
applications. A processing unit that is microcontroller and a
communication module that uses GPRS modem or cell phone
via serial port RS-232. The SMS is used for status reporting
such as power failure.
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IJSART - Volume 1
Issue 4 –APRIL 2015
III. IMPLEMENTATION
Architecture:
ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
module, we can send short text messages to the required
authorities as per the application. GSM module is provided by
sim uses the mobile service provider and send sms to the
respective authorities as per programmed. This technology
enable the system a wireless system with no specified range
limits.
DC motors are used to physically drive the
application as per the requirement provided in software. The
dc motor works on 12v.
Kiel is free software which solves many of the points
for embedded program developers. This software is an
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) which integrated
a text editor to write program, a compiler and it will convert
your source code to hex file. In the designed system, we have
burned our program on arm controller through the use of keil.
Fig.1.Block Diagram of Farming Robot
A mobile Controlled Robot is a mobile device, which
provides good-range of wireless control ability to the robot. In
this design, detection of plant health is proposed. A block
diagram of the proposed supervising robot using GSM module
is shown in Fig.1. Image of the plant is captured through a 3G
enabled mobile, this image is transmitted to the computer
having MATLAB software installed, through video calling.
User can control the robot by the use of GSM module i.e.,
through SMS. For driving the robot DC motor has been used
i.e., whenever the signals are given by the user the robot
moves forward, backward, right, left with the help of the
motor. An L293D motor driver is used for driving the motor
and to step up the voltage from 5v to 12v.
The LPC2138 microcontrollers are based on a 16bit/32-bit ARM7 CPU with real-time emulation and with
embedded trace support, that combine microcontroller with
embedded high speed flash memory of 512 Kb. A 128-bit
wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture
enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For
critical code size application, the alternative 16-bit Thumb
mode reduces code by more than 30 % with minimal
performance penalty.
The AC voltage of 230V rms, is connected to a
transformer, which steps down down the ac voltage to the
level of the desired DC output. A diode rectifier then provides
a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a
simple capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage. The resulting
dc voltage usually has some ripple or voltage variation.
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is
a digital mobile telephony system. With the help of GSM
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MATLAB(matrix laboratory) belongs to fourthgeneration programming language, which illustrate a multiparadigm numerical computing environment. In the designed
system we have used matlab software for image processing.
The image taken by the on site mobile is feed to the
MATLAB. Each pixel has a particular color; that color is
described by the amount of red, green and blue in it. If each of
these components has a range 0–255, this gives a total of 2563
different possible colors. Such an image is a “stack” of three
matrices; representing the red, green and blue values for each
pixel. This means that for every pixel there correspond 3
values. The reference value is set for the different color
intensity of plant image. The plant image is compared with the
reference set of program and result is displayed showing the
levels of plant health
IV. RESULT
The physical realization of this work was carried out
to achieve the conceived idea. After the proper analysis of
design has been done, the implementation of hardware was
done. Firstly, the image of plant was taken using 3G GSM
mobile located at on-field location. The image was sent to the
PC through skype system enabled internet 3G facility of
mobile and it was scanned on matlab, where the program has
been created with a range of reference value set for the
different levels of colour intensity. From colour intensity of
plant, its intensity level is compared and observed by matlab
that under which range of health level it comes. Thus health
level was calculated by the system and output was displayed
on lcd. The process is repeated for 3 different plants and
output was generated and displayed for these cases. The
movement of robot was also observed with correct angle and
degree. The overall performance was found stable and correct.
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IJSART - Volume 1
Issue 4 –APRIL 2015
ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
V. CONCLUSION
This system has been designed to overcome the
effect of plant related diseases and to increase the overall
crop production. The system performance is found to be quite
reliable and accurate. This system detects the plant health and
accordingly measures are taken.
The drawbacks of earlier system has been overcome
by reduction in the power consumption, maintenance and
complexity, at a reduced cost along with flexible and precise
form of maintaining the environment.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are thankful to them rendered their whole hearted
support at all time for this project. And we specially thank Dr.
P.B.Mane, Principal (AISSM’s Institute Of Information
Technology), for his great support and guidance or for
completing this paper.
REFERENCES
[1] Schillaci G, Pennisi A, Franco F, Longo D "Detecting
tomato crops in greenhouses using a vision based
method" International Conference RAGUSA SHWA, Vol
1 ,pp.3-6 , September 2012
[2] Yadav, S. P., Ibaraki, Y., & Gupta, S. D.
“Estimation of the chlorophyll content of
propagated potato plants using RGB based
analysis.” Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture,
183-188.
(2010).
micro
image
100(2),
[3] M. Seelye, G. Sen Gupta, J. Seelye, & S. C.
Mukhopadhyay (2010). Camera-in-hand Robotic system
for Remote Monitoring of Plant Growth in a Laboratory.
Proceeding of IEEE International Instrumentation and
Measurement Technology Conference
[4] Ciubotaru-Petrescu B, Chiciudean
D,
Cioarga
R,
StanescuD, ”Wireless Solutions for Telemetry in Civil
Equipment and Infrastructure Monitoring”, 3rd
Romanian-Hungarian Joint Symposium on Applied
Computational Intelligence (SACI) May 25-26, 2006
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