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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Chinese! Ready? Go!
Reader
授课老师: 萧雅萍
Shòukè lǎoshī: Xiāo Yǎ Píng
Instructor: Ya Ping Hsiao
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 5
PARTICIPANTS .................................................................................................................................................5
REGISTRATION & COURSE MATERIAL ...................................................................................................................5
LEVEL AND CERTIFICATE .....................................................................................................................................5
COURSE AIMS..................................................................................................................................................6
COURSE DETAILS ..............................................................................................................................................6
INSTRUCTOR ...................................................................................................................................................7
SCHEDULE .......................................................................................................................................... 8
CONFIGURATION AND TOOLS FOR LEARNING CHINESE ....................................................................... 11
ENABLING EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES...................................................................................................................11
HOW TO TYPE A CHINESE WORD IN PINYIN WITH TONE MARKERS? / HOE KUN JE PINYIN INTYPEN MET TOONSYMBOLEN? ...13
HOW TO TYPE IN CHINESE USING MS WORD IN WINDOWS XP ..............................................................................14
HOW TO USE THIS READER? .............................................................................................................. 15
ABBERVIATIONS FOR THE AUDIO NAMES .............................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION TO MANDARIN CHINESE ........................................................................................... 16
NAMES FOR MANDARIN CHINESE .....................................................................................................................16
BRIEF HISTORY OF MANDARIN CHINESE..............................................................................................................17
A CHINESE WORD ..........................................................................................................................................17
A CHINESE CHARACTER/SYLLABLE......................................................................................................................18
CHINESE HOMOPHONES ..................................................................................................................................19
READING: HOW HARD IS CHINESE? .................................................................................................... 20
PINYIN ............................................................................................................................................. 21
PINYIN TABLE ................................................................................................................................................21
PINYIN TABLE EXAMPLES..................................................................................................................................23
TONES OF MANDARIN CHINESE ........................................................................................................................25
Five tones .............................................................................................................................................25
Neutral tone .........................................................................................................................................26
THIRD TONE WITH OTHER TONES .......................................................................................................................27
LISTENING & SPEAKING EXERCISES 1 .................................................................................................................29
LISTENING & SPEAKING EXERCISES 2 .................................................................................................................30
LISTENING & SPEAKING EXERCISES 3 .................................................................................................................31
LISTENING & SPEAKING EXERCISES 4 .................................................................................................................32
LISTENING & SPEAKING EXERCISES 5 .................................................................................................................33
WHERE DO THE TONE MARKS GO? ....................................................................................................................34
SPELLING RULES .............................................................................................................................................35
Spelling Rules: Tīngxiě / Dictation ........................................................................................................36
TOPIC WORDS: NUMBER 1-1000000 .................................................................................................. 37
IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS .................................................................................................................. 38
CLASSROOM CHINESE ....................................................................................................................... 39
What does “kěy
” mean? ..................................................................................................................42
WORKSHOP 1: INTRODUCING YOURSELF ........................................................................................... 43
CONVERSATION: HÀNZÌ & PINYIN - GREETINGS AND GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER .................................................44
CONVERSATION: ENGLISH - GREETINGS AND GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER ...........................................................45
GRAMMAR: HOW DO CHINESE PEOLE GREET EACH OTHER? ....................................................................................46
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CHINESE WORD ORDER: THE BASIC SVO SENTENCE..............................................................................................47
TOPIC WORDS: PRONOUNS ..............................................................................................................................48
GRAMMAR: PRONOUNS & THEIR PLURAL FORMS .................................................................................................49
TOPIC WORDS: NAMES AND TITLES ...................................................................................................................50
SENTENCE PATTERNS: ASKING NAMES ...............................................................................................................51
New Words ...........................................................................................................................................52
Addressing peopel with their job titles .................................................................................................52
GRAMMAR: HOW TO USE 吗 MA TO FORM A YES/NO QUESTION? ..........................................................................53
Pair-work: How to use 吗 ma to form a Yes/No question? ..................................................................53
GRAMMAR: HOW TO USE 呢 NE TO FORM QUERIES?............................................................................................54
Pair-work: How to use 呢 ne to form queries? .....................................................................................54
TOPIC WORDS: COUNTRIES ..............................................................................................................................55
TOPIC WORDS: NAMES AND NATIONALITIES ........................................................................................................57
GRAMMAR: NEGATION 不 BÙ & 没 MÉI ...........................................................................................................59
WORD LIST ...................................................................................................................................................60
WORKSHOP 2: INTRODUCING YOUR FAMILY ...................................................................................... 62
CONVERSATION: HÀNZÌ & PINYIN – FAMILY AND JOBS ..........................................................................................63
CONVERSATION: ENGLISH – FAMILY AND JOBS ....................................................................................................64
TOPIC WORDS: FAMILY ...................................................................................................................................65
Pair-work: Family .................................................................................................................................67
GRAMMAR: POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................................................68
TOPIC WORDS: JOBS .......................................................................................................................................69
How to say “he is unemployed”? .........................................................................................................70
PAIR-WORK: JOBS ..........................................................................................................................................71
WORD LIST ...................................................................................................................................................72
WORKSHOP 3: ORDERING FOOD AND DRINKS AT A CHINESE RESTAURANT ......................................... 74
CONVERSATION: HÀNZÌ & PINYIN – ORDERING FOOD AND DRINKS ..........................................................................75
CONVERSATION: ENGLISH – ORDERING FOOD AND DRINKS.....................................................................................77
TOPIC WORDS: FOOD .....................................................................................................................................79
TOPIC WORDS: DRINKS ...................................................................................................................................81
Pair-work: Food & Drinks .....................................................................................................................83
Sentence Patterns: Food & Drinks ........................................................................................................84
WORD LIST ...................................................................................................................................................85
WORKSHOP 4: DAYS, WEATHER AND ACTIVITIES................................................................................ 87
CONVERSATION: HÀNZÌ & PINYIN – LET’S GO TO SEE A MOVIE! ..............................................................................88
CONVERSATION: ENGLISH – LET’S GO TO SEE A MOVIE! .........................................................................................89
Situation: B can do an activity with A. .................................................................................................89
CHINESE WORD ORDER: PLACEMENT OF TIME WORDS IN A SENTENCE .......................................................................90
TOPIC WORDS: DAYS OF THE WEEK ....................................................................................................................91
TOPIC WORDS: ACTIVITIESS..............................................................................................................................92
TOPIC WORDS: WHEN ....................................................................................................................................93
TOPIC WORDS: WEEKDAYS & WEATHER ............................................................................................................94
Sentence patterns ................................................................................................................................94
WORD LIST ...................................................................................................................................................95
WORKSHOP 5: PLEASE COME TO MY BIRTHDAY PARTY ...................................................................... 97
CONVERSATION: HÀNZÌ & PINYIN – PLEASE COME TO MY BIRTHDAY PARTY ...............................................................98
CONVERSATION: ENGLISH – PLEASE COME TO MY BIRTHDAY PARTY .........................................................................99
TOPIC WORDS: BIRTHDAY ............................................................................................................................. 100
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PAIR-WORK: HOW OLD ARE YOU? .................................................................................................................. 101
LET’S SING A CHINESE SONG: HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOU! .................................................................................... 102
GRAMMAR: TELLING TIME ............................................................................................................................ 103
WORD LIST ................................................................................................................................................ 105
WORKSHOP 6 WHERE IS THE CHINESE CLASSROOM? ........................................................................ 106
CONVERSATION: HÀNZÌ & PINYIN - WHERE IS THE CHINESE CLASSROOM? ............................................................. 107
CONVERSATION: ENGLISH - WHERE IS THE CHINESE CLASSROOM? ........................................................................ 108
Pair-work: Where is the Chinese classroom? .................................................................................... 109
TOPIC WORDS: PLACE WORDS ....................................................................................................................... 110
GRAMMAR AND SENTENCE PATTERNS: 在........................................................................................................ 111
Listening exercises: Where is your ____? .......................................................................................... 112
WORD LIST ................................................................................................................................................ 113
WORKSHOP 7 AND 8: SHOPPING AT A MARKET ............................................................................... 114
CONVERSATION: HÀNZÌ & PINYIN – SHOPPING AT A MARKET .............................................................................. 115
CONVERSATION: ENGLISH – SHOPPING AT A MARKET ......................................................................................... 117
TOPIC WORDS: FRUIT AND VEGETABLE ............................................................................................................ 118
Asking the price ................................................................................................................................. 119
How many kilos do you want to buy? ............................................................................................... 119
Negotiating the price 1 ..................................................................................................................... 120
Negotiating the price 2 ..................................................................................................................... 120
CHINESE RÉNMÍNBÌ (RMB) .......................................................................................................................... 121
TAIWANESE NEW TAIWAN DOLLARS (NTD) ..................................................................................................... 122
HONG KONG DOLLARS (HKD) ...................................................................................................................... 123
GRAMMAR: RENMINBI (SPOKEN) INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 124
Rule 1 When there is one unit in the amount, add “qián” after the amount. ................................... 125
Rule 2 When there are two or three units in the amount, drop the final unit................................... 125
Rule 3 Use bàn (half) to replace 50 cents. ......................................................................................... 125
Rule 4 When the unit of “máo” is missing, add líng (zero). ............................................................... 125
PAIR-WORK: SHOPPING MǍIDŌNGXI .............................................................................................................. 127
PAIR-WORK: SHOPPING MǍIDŌNGXI ............................................................................................................. 128
WORD LIST ................................................................................................................................................ 129
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Course descriptions
Participants
•
This course is mainly for those who are selected for the NAHSS program
2015. The participation in this course is free.
•
We also welcome those who have participated in an earlier program to join
this course.
Registration & Course material
•
Please enroll in this course by following the instructions provided by the program board. Upon registration, you need to indicate in which sections you are
going to participate.
•
You will receive a paper-based Reader after registration.
Level and certificate
•
The participants of this course will reach level A1 based on
-
the Common European Framework for Languages.
http://europass.cedefop.europa.eu/en/resources/european-language-levels-cefr
-
Level 1 according to the guidelines of Hanyu ShuiPing Kaoshi (HSK).
http://www.chinesetest.cn/gosign.do?id=1&lid=0#
•
This level will be indicated in the certificate of this course.
•
It is compulsory to attend the two plenary lectures and at least 6 workshops.
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Course aims
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
-
pronounce Chinese sounds and tones through the use of Pinyintranscriptions.
-
interact in a simple way with others through repeating or rephrasing things
at a slower rate of speech.
-
formulate utterances based on common sentence patterns and expressions such as asking and answering simple questions in areas of immediate need or on very familiar topics.
-
apply customs and etiquettes in daily contexts.
Course details
•
There are 10 sections in total. The course starts on 9th April and ends on 18th
June.
•
Each lecture takes place at 19:30-21:30 with a short break at 20:15 on Thursday.
•
This course starts with two plenary lectures introducing the basics of Mandarin Chinese and then is followed by 8 workshops. You will receive a review
assignment after each plenary lecture.
•
As for workshops, you will do a prior preview assignment. Each workshop
starts with a short recap to review the content of each preview assignment
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
during the first hour and then you are going to present a short conversation in
pairs during the second hour.
•
A Blackboard site is set up for this course. You will be enrolled in this course
after registration. The preview and review assignments are available on
Blackboard.
•
The instruction language is in English.
Instructor
MSc Ya Ping (Amy) Hsiao
([email protected])
She currently works as lecturer of Chinese at the Language Centre and as Assessment consult at Education Support of Tilburg University. She is also the
owner of the website www.chinees-leren.nl.
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Schedule
•
Time: 19:30-21:30 Thursday
•
Location: Achter de Dom 22-44, Zaal/Room 002. 3512JP, Utrecht.
Sections
Working forms
Content and activities
Assignments
Dates
Section 1 and 2 are plenary lectures, which introduces the basics of pronunciation systems, Pinyin, and the tones of Mandarin Chinese.
1
Introduction to Mandarin Chinese
Plenary
Idiomatic expressions
Lecture01
Culture awareness
Review
09-04-2015
2
Introduction to Mandarin Chinese
Plenary
Classroom Chinese
Lecture02
Culture awareness
Review
16-04-2015
Section 3 to 10 are workshops. To be eligible for the certificate, you need to
attend at least six workshops based on your own choices.
Prior to each workshop, you need to do the preview assignments in order to
present a short conversation. Each workshop begins with a short recap of the
preview assignments during the first hour. Then in the second hour, you will
have 15 minutes to prepare for the short conversation in pairs. Then you will
present the conversation with your partner.
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3
Introducing yourself:
Workshop01
Greetings, names, nationalities
23-04-2015
Culture: Etiquettes of the first meeting
4
Introducing your family:
Workshop02
Numbers 1-10, family members, jobs
30-04-2015
Culture: Chinese family values
5
Ordering food and drinks at a Chinese
Workshop03
restaurant:
07-05-2015
Food and drinks
Preview
Preview
Preview
Culture: Table manners
14-05-2015: No meeting!
Ascension Day (Hemelvaartsdag)
6
Days, weather, and activities
Workshop04
Days of the week, weather, activities
21-05-2015
Culture: How time is perceived by
Preview
westerners and Chinese?
7
Please come to my birthday party
Workshop05
Inviting someone out, what time, birth-
28-05-2015
day dates, where someone lives
Preview
Culture: Chinese gift culture
8
Where is the Chinese classroom?
Workshop06
Place words
04-06-2015
Culture: Travelling tips
9
Preview
NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
9
Shopping is our national sport!
Workshop07
Numbers 1-20, fruit, Chinese money
11-06-2015
system,
Preview
Culture: The surprising shopping habits
10
Shopping is our national sport!
Workshop08
Numbers 1-20, tickets, public transpor-
18-06-2015
tation, Chinese money system
Culture: Asking and negotiating the
price
10
Preview
NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Configuration and tools for learning Chinese
Enabling East Asian Languages1
To install Simplified Chinese input methods, also known in Microsoft-speak as Input
Method Editors (IME):
Have you enabled East Asian languages?
If so, then please open Regional and Language Options:
•
•
•
•
Click on the Windows start menu to begin.
Click on Control Panel.
If in Category View ("Pick a Category"), click on Date, Time, Regional and Language Options, then click Add other languages.
If in Classic View or menu view, click on Regional and Language Options, then
click the Languages tab.
Click on the Details button.
The Text Services and Input Languages window will appear.
•
Click on the Add button:
The Add Input Language window will appear.
•
•
In the Input language menu, select "Chinese (PRC)"
Click the checkbox next to Keyboard layout/IME.
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•
•
In the Keyboard layout/IME menu, select "Chinese (Simplified) - Microsoft Pinyin IME"
Click the OK button.
You can click the Add button again to select more input methods. I suggest you experiment with the "Microsoft Pinyin IME 3.0" (MSPY) and "QuanPin" methods. The other
methods are more appropriate for professional speed typists. Waiguoren don't want to go
there.
Microsoft includes a user manual for the MSPY input method, in the help file available
by clicking on the "?" in the full Language bar when the input method is selected. The
English is a bit off, and there is at least one feature described that doesn't actually work
for most people (toggling between simplified and traditional while staying within
MSPY...best fix is to install an IME update), but overall it's a useful guide.
The MSPY method offers some options, including "full Pinyin" (full sentence input) and
"double Pinyin" (abbreviated input), fuzzy lookup and more. You can explore these via
the "Properties" button in the Text Services and Input Languages window.
Source:
Windows XP Chinese Pinyin Setup http://www.pinyinjoe.com/pinyin/pinyin_setup.htm
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How to type a Chinese word in Pinyin with tone markers? / Hoe kun
je pinyin intypen met toonsymbolen?2
Met behulp van het programma Pinyinput kun je eenvoudig Pinyin intypen met
toonsymbolen. Klik deze link (http://pinyinput.sourceforge.net/) om het te downloaden.
Stappenplan om het te installeren:
•
Sla het bestand pinyinput-install.zip op je bureaublad op.
•
Pak het bestand uit.
•
Daarna zie je een blauwe knop op je bureaublad.
Dubbelklik erop.
•
Klik op ‘Install’ om het programma te installeren.
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•
Verander de invoertaal naar Chinese (PRC).
•
Klik op het icoontje van Microsoft Pinyin IME 3.0. Je ziet het icoontje van
Pinyinput.
Klik erop.
•
Vervolgens kan je pinyin intypen met toonmarkers. Bijvoorbeeld,
Typ “ni3 <enter>”. Het resultaat is “nǐ”.
Bron:
Ya-Ping Hsiao (2008). Hoe kun je pinyin intypen met toonsymbolen?
Retrieved 15th June, 2009, from http://www.chinees-leren.nl/online-cursus-chinees/beginnen-met-chinees/pinyin-intypen
How to Type in Chinese Using MS Word in Windows XP 3
(http://www.brighthubeducation.com/learning-chinese/80210-learn-how-to-typein-chinese-in-ms-word/)
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How to use this Reader?
The supplementary learning materials for this Reader such as audios and links
are placed on the NAHSS website.
•
Audios in the Reader are marked with ReLanPro icons (because they are
created via this software)
•
links to related webpages and videos
Abberviations for the audio names
•
TW: Topic words
•
SP: Sentence patterns
•
Ex: Exercises
It is important to read both the Reader and check the website after each lecture/workshop.
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Introduction to Mandarin Chinese4
Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and Taiwan, and is
one of the official languages of Singapore and the United Nations. It is the most
widely-spoken language in the world.
Figure: Some of the Most Widely Spoken Languages
Names for Mandarin Chinese
The name “Mandarin” originally meant an official of the Imperial Chinese Court
and the language they spoke: 官话 Guānhuà language of the officials.
Mandarin is the term used through much of the Western world, but the Chinese
themselves refer to the language as Pǔtōnghuà, Guóyǔ or Huáyǔ.
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Table: Names for Mandarin Chinese
Brief history of Mandarin Chinese
1932
The dialect of Peking, Mandarin, became the official form of the pronunciation
and was called “Guóyǔ”, which means “the national language”.
1949
The PRC changed the name of Guóyǔ to “Pǔtōnghuà”, which means “the common speech”.
1950s
Pinyin, the official phonetic system for transcribing the sound of Chinese characters into Latin script, was developed by the PRC.
A Chinese word
In modern Chinese, the majority of Chinese words consist of two or more characters. Characters do not necessarily correspond to words.
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Figure: Structure of a Chinese word
中文
word
Zhōngwén
component characters
meaning of each character
Chinese
中
文
Zhōng
wén
middle
literature; language
A Chinese character/syllable
Generally speaking, characters correspond to a spoken syllable. One Chinese
syllable is composed of (zero or) one consonant, one vowel and one tone.
Figure: Structure of a Chinese syllable
Syllable (lettergreep): mā
the first tone: consonant
(medeklinker)
vowel
(klinker)
m
a
character: 妈
Characters that look similar to each other do not share the same pronunciation.
For example, the four characters below look very similar to each other, but they
are pronounced very differently from each other.
田
由
甲
申
tián
yóu
jiǎ
shēn
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Unlike most European languages, in which the pronunciation of a written word
can often be derived from its spelling, you can only know how to pronounce a
Chinese character through learning. Even for native speakers of Chinese, it is
difficult to pronounce an unknown character.
Chinese homophones
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word, but differs
in meaning. In modern Chinese, the same spoken syllable may be represented
by many different characters, depending on meaning.
Table: Examples of Chinese homophones
Pinyin character
师
shī
meaning
teacher
shī
诗
poem
shī
狮
lion
shī
失
to lose
Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters
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Reading: How hard is Chinese?5
Some things about Chinese are hard, some are easy.
Hard things
•
Chinese shares very little vocabulary with European languages, so speakers of these languages have to work harder than if they were learning another European language. And even though Chinese shares vocabulary
with several Asian languages (especially Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese), this shared vocabulary is often difficult to recognize.
•
The writing system is definitely hard to learn, though there is nothing conceptually difficult about it; there is just a lot to memorize.
•
Chinese is a tone language--that is, different pitch patterns do not just add
emotional color, as in English; they actually distinguish one word from another. How much of a problem this is depends a lot on the individual student: students with a good ear do not necessarily find this a difficulty.
Easy things
•
Unlike many European languages, Chinese has no irregular verbs or noun
plurals to learn, because words have only a single form, with no suffixes
for tense, number, case, etc. (There are some particles which work somewhat like tense endings, but they always take the same form, no matter
what they are added to.)
•
Chinese speakers are usually tolerant of a foreigner's mistakes--perhaps
because so many Chinese themselves speak standard Mandarin Chinese
as a second language.
Source:
William Baxter (2006). How hard is Chinese? Retrieve 3rd August, 2009, from http://wwwpersonal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/howhard.html
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Pinyin
Pinyin table6
Initials 声母 shēngmǔ
Finals 韵母 yùnmǔ
Pinyin
Nederlands Pinyin
b
p in paard
a
p
p met veel meer
o
lucht
m
m
Nederlands Pinyin
-i, yi
o in bot
-ia, ya
voor ng als oe
e
als uh (als je iets
-iao, yao
niet lekker vindt)
na i, u, ü en y
klinkt de e als e
in ben
f
f
er
-ie, ye
d
t in taal
ai
-iu, you
t
t met veel meer
ei
-ian, yan
luch
n
n
ao
au
-in, yin
l
l
ou
oo in boot
-iang, yang
z(i)
dz met weinig
an
-ing, ying
lucht
c(i)
ts met veel lucht
en
-iong, yong
s(i)
s
ang
-u, wu
zh(i)
dsj (veel ruis)
eng
-ua, wa
ch(i)
tsj met veel lucht
ong
-uo, wo
en veel ruis
sh(i)
sj (veel ruis)
-uai, wai
r(i)
-ui, wei
j
dj
-uan, wan
q
scherpe tsj en
-un, wen
veel lucht (zonder veel ruis)
x
scherpe sj (zon-
-uang, wang
der veel ruis)
g
k in kool
-ueng, weng
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Nederlands
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k
k met veel meer
-ü, yu
uu in fuut
lucht
h
g maar met min-
-üe, yue
der rasp
-üan, yuan
-ün, yun
Reference:
Liu, X. (2002). New Practical Chinese Reader Textbook 1. Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University Press. (Table between p.7273) (tot. 2)
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Pinyin table examples
Initials 声母
shēngmǔ
Pinyin
examples
b
bàba
Finals 韵母 yùnmǔ
Pinyin
a
father
p
péngyou
mama
o
e
fúwùyuán
waiter
d
dìdi
bóbo
-ia, ya
Hélán
-iao, yao
younger
xià
érzi
xiǎo
small
-ie, ye
son
ai
yī
below
Holland
er
examples
one
uncle
mother
f
mǎ
Pinyin
-i, yi
horse
friend
m
examples
yě
also
ài
-iu, you
to love
yǒu
to have
brother
t
tā
ei
he; she
n
nǎinai
lǎoshī
ao
ou
Hànzì
hǎo
-in, yin
yīn
negative
gǒu
dog
an
yán
speech
good
teacher
z(i)
-ian, yan
tired
grandma
l
lèi
Xī’ān
-iang,
yang
yáng
-ing, ying
Yīngguó
Chinese
positive
England
characters
c(i)
cèsuǒ
en
toilet
s(i)
sījī
very
ang
driver
zh(i)
Zhōngguó
hěn
zāng
-iong,
yong
yòng
-u, wu
wǔ
dirty
eng
to use
five
téng
-ua, wa
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
China
ch(i)
chīfàn
eat meals
sh(i)
ong
pain
painting
Zhōngguó -uo, wo
wǒ
China
I
lǎoshī
-uai, wai
teacher
r(i)
out
Rìběn
-ui, wei
Japan
j
wài
shuǐ
water
jiějie
-uan, wan
elder sis-
wàn
10 thousand
ter
q
qǐng
-un, wen
please
x
g
Excuse me
Xī’ān
guó
country
k
Qǐngwèn
bú kèqi
-uang,
wang
wàng
-ueng,
weng
wēng
-ü, yu
you are
to forget
senior
yú
fish
welcome
h
hēchá
-üe, yue
yuè
month; moon
-üan, yuan yuán
dollar
-ün, yun
yún
cloud
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Tones of Mandarin Chinese7
Five tones
There are five basic tones in Mandarin Chinese, the pitch contours of which are
shown below.
Tone
Tone
Description
Examples
marker
1st
-
high and
mā
dā
pā
flat
2nd
/
rising
má
dá
pá
3rd
v
falling and
mǎ
dǎ
pǎ
rising
4th
\
falling
mà
dà
pà
neutral
no tone
*no em-
ma
da
pa
marker
phasis
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Neutral tone
*The neutral tone, when following the first, second and fourth tones, is pronounced low. However, when following the third tone, it is pronounced high.
When following
When following
When following
When following
the first tone
the second tone
the fourth tone
the third tone
the neutral
the neutral tone is pronounced low
tone is pronounced high
māma
yéye
bàba
jiějie
mother
grandfather
father
elder sister
gēge
érzi
dìdi
nǎinai
elder brother
son
younger brother
grandmother
xiānsheng
péngyou
mèimei
yǐzi
Mr.
friend
younger sister
chair
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Third tone with other tones
Rule 1: If a 3rd tone is followed by a 3rd tone, the first 3rd tone becomes second
tone.
Example: The word for "hello" in Mandarin is: nǐ hǎo which literally means "You
good." When these two words are pronounced separately, they are both pronounced using the third tone. When they are used together to form the word "hello" ni takes the second tone and hao remains in third tone.
Note that the word nǐ hǎo is still written with two third tones, but it is said with nǐ
in second tone.
214: + 214: 14: + 214:
好久
有理
买米
美女
what you write
hǎojiǔ
yǒulǐ
mǎi mǐ
měinǚ
what you say
haojiu
请你
youli
反转
mai mi
永远
meinü
榜首
what you write
qǐng nǐ
fǎnzhuǎn
yǒngyuǎn
bǎngshǒu
what you say
qing ni
语法
fanzhuan
孔子
yongyuan
想法
bangshou
总理
what you write
yǔfǎ
Kǒngzǐ
xiǎngfǎ
zǒnglǐ
what you say
yufa
Kongzi
xiangfa
zongli
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Rule 2:
When a third tone is followed by a first, second, fourth or neutral tone, the third
tone should be pronounced as a low third tone. In other words it is a low sustained tone, as in jĭnzhāng and jiĕfàng. Both jĭn and jiĕ stay in the lower part of
your voice and you don’t move the sound up. Let’s practise the following phrases.
− the first tone
ˇ the third tone
214:
∕ the second tone
211:
\ the fourth tone
∙ the neutral tone
好书
好人
好话
好了
what you write
hǎo shū
hǎo rén
hǎo huà
hǎo le
what you say
hao shu
有家
hao ren
有钱
hao hua
有趣
hao le
有的
what you write
yǒujiā
yǒuqián
yǒuqù
yǒude
what you say
you jia
美观
youqian
美人
youqu
美丽
youde
美吧
what you write
měiguān
měirén
měilì
měi ba
what you say
meiguan
meiren
meili
mei ba
Reference:
Zhang, J. Hanyu Pinyin for Mandarin Speakers. Retrieve 15th June, 2009, from http://web.mit.edu/jinzhang/www/pinyin/
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Listening & Speaking Exercises 1
1. Circle the right sound according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
p
b
l
h
2)
m
n
h
l
3)
b
n
p
l
4)
a
ao
o
uo
5)
e
en
ie
in
6)
i
ie
in
ing
7)
bo
po
huo
luo
8)
la
le
li
lü
9)
pa
pu
pao
po
10)
nie
ni
nin
ning
2. Cirle the right tone according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
ā
á
ǎ
à
2)
ī
í
ǐ
ì
3)
ēn
én
ěn
èn
4)
uō
uó
uǒ
uò
5)
hū
hú
hǔ
hù
6)
bāo
báo
bǎo
bào
7)
pīn
pín
pǐn
pìn
8)
nī
ní
nǐ
nì
9)
mō
mó
mǒ
mò
10)
lǖ
lǘ
lǚ
lǜ
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Listening & Speaking Exercises 2
1. Circle the right sound according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
b
p
d
t
2)
d
t
g
k
3)
p
f
h
l
4)
e
ei
ie
en
5)
o
uo
ou
ao
6)
an
ang
en
eng
7)
tiao
diao
biao
piao
8)
duo
dou
diu
du
9)
gao
gan
kao
kan
10)
fen
fei
feng
fang
2. Cirle the right tone according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
tān
tán
tǎn
tàn
2)
dū
dú
dǔ
dù
3)
yōu
yóu
yǒu
yòu
4)
fēi
féi
fěi
fèi
5)
gēng
géng
gěng
gèng
6)
kāng
káng
kǎng
kàng
7)
liū
liú
liǔ
liù
8)
piāo
piáo
piǎo
piào
9)
bēi
béi
běi
bèi
10)
kān
kán
kǎn
kàn
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Listening & Speaking Exercises 3
1. Circle the right sound according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
zh
ch
sh
r
2)
zh
ch
sh
r
3)
g
k
sh
r
4)
ao
ai
an
uai
5)
ang
eng
ong
an
6)
iao
iou
uai
ai
7)
zhai
chai
shai
chuai
8)
zhuai
chuai
shuai
zhai
9)
zhong
chong
zhou
chou
10)
reng
rang
ri
ren
2. Cirle the right tone according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
zhī
zhí
zhǐ
zhì
2)
chuāi
chuái
chuǎi
chuài
3)
shēng
shéng
shěng
shèng
4)
rāo
ráo
rǎo
rào
5)
kāi
kái
kǎi
kài
6)
tōng
tóng
tǒng
tòng
7)
zhān
zhán
zhǎn
zhàn
8)
chōng
chóng
chǒng
chòng
9)
shuāi
shuái
shuǎi
shuài
10)
rū
rú
rǔ
rù
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Listening & Speaking Exercises 4
1. Circle the right sound according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
j
q
zh
ch
2)
q
sh
x
r
3)
j
zh
x
q
4)
ia
iao
ian
iang
5)
uai
uei
uen
en
6)
ü
üe
yi
ie
7)
jia
qia
jian
qian
8)
que
xue
quan
xuan
9)
zhui
chui
zhun
chun
10)
chao
xiao
qiang
jie
2. Cirle the right tone according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
jiā
jiá
jiǎ
jià
2)
qiān
qián
qiǎn
qiàn
3)
xiāng
xiáng
xiǎng
xiàng
4)
juē
jué
juě
juè
5)
xuān
xuán
xuǎn
xuàn
6)
qiē
qié
qiě
qiè
7)
shuī
shuí
shuǐ
shuì
8)
chūn
chún
chǔn
chùn
9)
zhōng
zhóng
zhǒng
zhòng
10)
rēn
rén
rěn
rèn
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Listening & Speaking Exercises 58
1. Circle the right sound according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
z
c
zh
ch
2)
c
ch
s
sh
3)
zh
sh
s
z
4)
e
er
en
ei
5)
ua
uan
iang
uang
6)
ün
un
ong
iong
7)
zi
ci
zhi
chi
8)
suan
zuan
shuan
zhuan
9)
cai
shai
sai
zhai
10)
jun
jiong
zhuan
zhuang
2. Cirle the right tone according to what you hear on the tape.
1)
sān
sán
sǎn
sàn
2)
cī
cí
cǐ
cì
3)
zuān
zuán
zuǎn
zuàn
4)
ēr
ér
ěr
èr
5)
xiōng
xióng
xiǒng
xiòng
6)
guā
guá
guǎ
guà
7)
kuāng
kuáng
kuǎng
kuàng
8)
jūn
jún
jǔn
jùn
9)
cēng
céng
cěng
cèng
10)
zāi
zái
zǎi
zài
Source:
Liu, X. (2002). New Practical Chinese Reader Workbook 1 (p. 1, 6, 11, 18, 26) (tot. 5). Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University
Press.
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Where do the tone marks go?9
Tone marks in Hanyu Pinyin always go over vowels, not consonants. But even
those familiar with Hanyu Pinyin are often uncertain about which in a string of
vowels takes the tone mark. If, for example, you are given "huài" -- is it hùai,
huài, or huaì? (Answer: the second choice.)
Fortunately there are no ambiguities to worry about, even where there are several vowels in a row. Various complicated rules explain the placement. Fortunately,
in application they boil down to a few very simple guidelines:
•
A and e trump all other vowels and always take the tone mark. There are
no Mandarin syllables in Hanyu Pinyin that contain both a and e.
•
In the combination ou, o takes the mark.
•
In all other cases, the final vowel takes the mark.
The possible vowel combinations are listed below, with the vowel that receives
the tone marked as second tone.
a
e
i
o
u
ü
a
e
iá, iáo
ié
uá, uái
ué
üé
i
ái
éi
uí
o
áo
u
ió
iú
óu
ü
uó
Note: Early versions of Hanyu Pinyin also used ê. But since it never was combined with other vowels it is not included here. (It has since been supplanted by
ei.)
Source:
Swofford, M. (2008). Pinyin.info. Retrieved 15th June, 2009, from http://www.pinyin.info/rules/where.html
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Spelling rules
After you learn the Initials and Finals, now you are going to learn Chinese pinyin
spelling. The seven groups of single syllables cover all spelling in Chinese pinyin.
Group 1 The final 'iou' changes into the form 'iu' when spelt with an initial.
iou = iu
Group 2 The final 'uei' changes into the form 'ui' when spelt with an initial.
uei = ui
Group 3 The final 'uen' changes into the form 'un' when spelt with an initial.
uen = un
Group 4 The finals in column 'ü' should be spelt as 'u' when they are used with
the initials 'j', 'q' and 'x', and also 'üen' changes into 'un'.
jü = ju
qü = qu
xü = xu
jüen = jun
qüen = qun
xüen = xun
Group 5 'i' in the syllables 'zi', 'ci' and 'si' is not the common final 'i', but a bladealveolar vowel. The pronunciations of the syllables 'zi', 'ci' and 'si' are the same as
those of the initials 'z', 'c' and 's'.
zi = z
ci = c
si = s
Group 6 'i' in the syllables 'zhi', 'chi', 'shi' and 'ri' is not the common final 'i', but a
blade-palatal vowel. The pronunciations of the syllables 'zhi' , 'chi', 'shi' and 'ri' are
the same as those of the initials 'zh', 'ch', 'sh' and 'r'.
zhi = zh
chi = ch
shi = sh
ri = r
Group 7 When finals in the columns 'i', 'u' and 'ü' make syllables themselves
without preceding, they are written as follows:
i=y
u=w
ü = yu
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Spelling Rules: Tīngxiě / Dictation
iu & ui
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
[uu] or [oe]
Transcribe the sound in the blanks
1
2
3
4
5
hun [ ]
xu [ ]
ju [ ]
chun [ ]
qu [ ]
6
7
8
9
10
qun [ ]
tun [ ]
xun [ ]
kun [ ]
juan [ ]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ou & uo
iu, ui, ou, uo
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Topic words: Number 1-1000000
* Compulsory to learn: you need to recall the word in Pinyin transcriptions.
1
yī
11
shíyī
30
sānshí
400
sìbǎi
2
èr
12
shí’èr
40
sìshí
500
wǔbǎi
3
sān
13
shísān
50
wǔshí
600
liùbǎi
4
sì
14
shísì
60
liùshí
700
qībǎi
5
wǔ
15
shíwǔ
70
qīshí
800
bābǎi
6
liù
16
shíliù
80
bāshí
900
jiǔbǎi
7
qī
17
shíqī
90
jiǔshí
1,000
yìqiān
8
bā
18
shíbā
100
yìbǎi
10,000
yíwàn
9
jiǔ
19
shíjiǔ
200
èrbǎi
100,000
shíwàn
10
shí
20
èrshí
300
sānbǎi
1,000,000
yìbǎiwàn
Note.
1. 零 ling* zero
2. 百 bǎi* hundred (MW)
3. 千 qiān thousand (MW)
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Idiomatic expressions
* Compulsory to learn: you need to recall the word in Pinyin transcriptions.
1
贵姓
guìxìng*
IE
/what is your name?/
2
对不起
duìbuqǐ*
IE
/I'm sorry/pardon me/forgive me/
IE
/it doesn't matter/
méi guā
3
没关系
nxi*
bǎozhò
4
保重
ng*
IE
/take care of oneself/
5
再见
zàijiàn*
IE
/good bye/
6
有意思
yǒu yìsi*
IE
/interesting/
IE
/You're welcome/Don't mention it/
búyòng xi
7
不用谢
è*
/you're welcome/impolite/rude/blunt/don't men8
不客气
bú kèqi*
IE
tion it/
9
恐怕
kǒngpà*
IE
/(I'm) afraid (that)/perhaps/I think/
/won't do/be out of the question/be no
10 不行
bùxíng*
IE
good/not work/not be capable/
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Classroom Chinese
课堂用语 kètáng yòngyǔ
* Compulsory to learn: you need to recall the word in Pinyin transcriptions.
Q: 好了吗?
A: 好了!
Hǎo le ma?*
Are you done?
Hǎo le!*
Done!
A: 还没!
Hái méi!*
Not yet!
A: 给你。
B: 谢谢!
Gěi nǐ.*
Here you are.
Xièxie!*
Thank you.
A: 不客气。
Bú kèqi.*
You are welcome.
再一遍。
Zài yíbiàn.*
One more time./Repeat!
再见!
Zàijiàn!*
Good-bye!
Q
对了吗?
Duì le ma?*
Is it correct? /
Am I right?
A
对了!
It’s correct./
Duì le!*
You are right.
A
不对!
It’s incorrect./
Bú duì.*
You are wrong.
Q
我们说汉语，好吗？ Wǒmen shuō Hànyǔ, hǎo
A: 好。
A: 不好。
Let us speak
ma?*
Chinese, shall we？
Hǎo.
OK.
Bù hǎo.
No.
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Q
复习
fùxí*
to review
我们复习，好吗？
Wǒmen fùxí, hǎo ma?
Let us review,
shall we？
听
Q
tīng*
to listen
我们听汉语，好吗？ Wǒmen tīng Hànyǔ, hǎo
Q: 我们休息，好吗？
Q: 我们上课，好吗？
Let us listen to
ma?*
Chinese, shall we？
Wǒmen xiūxi (to take a
Let us take a break,
break), hǎo ma?*
shall we?
Wǒmen shàngkè (to at-
Let us start with the class,
tend/start with the class),
shall we?
hǎo ma?*
早上好
zǎoshang hǎo*
good morning
上午好
shàngwǔ hǎo*
good morning
早
zǎo*
good morning
早安
zǎo’ān*
good morning
中午好
zhōngwǔ hǎo*
good noon (12:00-13:00)
下午好
xiàwǔ hǎo*
good afternoon
午安
wǔ’ān*
good afternoon
晚上好
wǎnshang hǎo*
good evening
晚安
wǎnān*
good night
Q
懂了吗?
Dǒng le ma?*
Do you understand it?
A
懂了!
Dǒng le!*
Yes, I do.
我懂了!
Wǒ dǒng le!*
I understand it.
不懂!
Bù dǒng.*
No, I don’t.
我不懂!
Wǒ bù dǒng.*
I don’t understand it.
A
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Q
A
“Younger sister”的中
文是什么？
“Younger sister” de
What’s “Younger sister”
Zhōngwén shì shénme?*
called in Chinese?
“Younger sister”的中
文是妹妹。
“Younger sister” de
“Younger sister” is
Zhōngwén shì “mèimei”.*
called “mèimei” in Chinese.
A
对不起。
Duìbuqǐ.*
I’m sorry.
B
我不知道。
Wǒ bù zhīdao (to know).*
I don’t know.
A
没关系。
Méi guānxi.*
It’s ok.
练习
liànxí
exercise
请做练习。
Qǐng zuò liànxí.
Please do the exercises.
下课。
Xiàkè.*
Class is over!
第一页
Dì-yī yè*
page 1
第一课
Dì-yī kè*
lesson 1
Q
第一个是什么？
Dì-yī ge shì shénme?*
What is the first one?
A
第一个是__。
Dì-yī ge shì ____.*
The first one is ___.
Q
可以出去吗？
Kěyǐ (can) chūqu (go out) ma?*
May I go out?
Q
可以进去吗？
Kěyǐ jìnqu (go in) ma?*
May I go in?
A
可以。
Kěyǐ.*
Yes, you may.
A
不可以。
Bù kěyǐ.*
No, you are not allowed.
Q
可以说英语吗？
Kěyǐ shuō Yīngyǔ ma?*
May I speak English?
Q
可以喝水吗？
Kěyǐ hē shuǐ ma?*
May I drink water?
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NAHSS_2015_Chinese! Ready? Go!_YP Hsiao
Q
可以去厕所吗？
Kěyǐ qù cèsuǒ ma?*
May I go to the toilet?
What does “kěyǐ” mean?
Kěyǐ “can” is used to express abilities or to ask permission. In the Classroom
Chinese (see above), you can omit the subject wǒ when the context is clear that
it is “you” who asks for permission. If you ask permission for another (for example,
Jan), then it becomes: Jan kěyǐ chūqu ma?
42