1. health and fitness
2. disease

Name: KEY
Parent Signature:_____________________
3.9 Test Review
Dichotomous Key – Reproduction – Genetics / Heredity – Adaptations and Natural Selection
Use the following words to fill in the blanks: (some words may be used more than once)
Dichotomous Key
Chromosomes
Recessive
Marrow, Bones
Adaptation
Binary Fission
Bacteria
Heredity
Population
Two
Offspring
One
Budding
Heterozygous
Gene
Inherit
Behavioral
Vegetative Propagation
Natural Selection
Trait
Diverse
Phenotype
Dominant
Allele
Variation
Punnett Square
Uniform
Homozygous
Species
Mutation
Spores
Asexual Reproduction
Genotype
Sexual Reproduction
Organism
Selective Breeding
Galapagos Finches
Genetic
Regeneration
1. A punnett square is a tool that is used to predict the possible outcome for the offspring of
two known parents.
Identical
2. Offspring that result from asexual reproduction will be identical to the parent and all offspring will be
uniform.
3. Offspring that result from sexual reproduction will not be identical to the parent and all offspring will
be diverse.
4. The process of sexual reproduction involves two parents, whose genetic material is
combined to produce a new organism, totally different from themselves.
5. In asexual reproduction the genetic material comes from one parent.
6. The following are examples of asexual reproduction.
A. Binary Fission - one cell divides to form two identical cells. Bacteria is an example.
B. Regeneration - An organism replaces or restores body parts. A starfish is an example.
C. The spores of a plant, such as a fern or mushroom are transferred to a different area by a force
such as wind.
D. Vegetative Propagation - A new plant is produced from the portion of another plant.
E. Budding - Offspring grow out of the parent organism. Hydra is an example.
7. A dichotomous key is used to identify a plant or animal where each step presents certain differences in identifying the
organism.
8. Alleles are different forms of a trait that a gene may have. Alleles are represented by letters.
9. An organism that has two copies of the same allele is homozygous for that trait. An example is
AA or aa.
10. An organism that has one copy of two different alleles is heterozygous for that trait. An example is Aa.
11. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. A dominant trait dominates or shows up more often. A recessive trait is being
dominated or shows up less often.
12. Genotype is the actual genetic make up of an individual. The phenotype is what that individual looks like or the physical
traits.
13. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is known as heredity. Through heredity, living things inherit traits from their
parents.
14. A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce only with one another and not with other organisms. This group of
organisms of the same species that live in the same place at the same time is a population.
15. Natural Selection is a process where organisms with traits best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and
reproduce. An example of this process can be found within the Finches on the Galapagos Islands.
16. A mutation is a change in a gene. Sometimes, a mutation can change an organism's phenotype.
17. A variation is a small change in a trait that makes an individual slightly different from other members of its species.
18. An adaptation is an inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing in a particular
environment. Adaptations can be behavioral traits or physical traits.
19. Selective Breeding is the practice in which humans breed specific plants or animals for desired traits.
20. The penguin and ostrich are considered flightless birds. These 2 birds have marrow filled bones which prevent them from
flying.
21. Charles Darwin observed and studied 13 different variations of finches living on the Galapagos Islands. Darwin explained
the differences in beak shape among the Galapagos Finches as being the result of natural selection.
22. The chromosomes of a cell are in the cell nucleus. They carry the genetic information.
23. Fill in the chart below with the missing information:
# of parents
Uniform/Diverse
Offspring
Advantage
Disadvantage
Asexual
Reproduction
1
Uniform
Fast, many
No variation
Sexual
Reproduction
2
Diverse
Variation increasing
sustainability
Slow, few
24. Name the different types of Asexual Reproduction that these living creatures are using:
budding
spores
budding
Vegetative propagation
regeneration
Binary fission
25. Use the following image as a guide to complete the shark dichotomous key on the next page:
Pristopheridae
Alopiidae
Rajiadae
Carcharhinidae
Sryliorhinidae
Mobulidae
Sphyrnidae
Hexanchidae
Scapanorhynchidae
Pseudotriakidae
Squalidae
Isuridae
Dasyatidae
Rhinorodontidae
26. In guinea pigs, the allele for short hair (S) is dominant over long hair (s).
A. What genotype would a heterozygous short haired guinea pig have? Ss
B. What genotype would a purebred (homozygous) short haired guinea pig have? SS
C. What genotype would a long haired guinea pig have? ss
D. Show the cross for a purebred (homozygous) short haired guinea pig and a long haired guinea pig.
S
S
s
Ss
Ss
s
Ss
Ss
E. What percentage of the offspring will have short hair? 100%
F. Show a cross for a two heterozygous guinea pigs.
S
s
S
SS
Ss
s
Ss
ss
G. What percentage of the offspring will have short hair? 75%
H. What percentage of the offspring will have long hair? 25%
27. In a family where blue body color is dominant (B) to green (b). Determine the phenotype for each
genotype.
BB blue
Bb blue
bb green
A. If tan fur (T) is dominant to white fur (w), give the genotypes that are possible for each phenotype.
Tan fur TT, Tt
White fur tt
B. Complete a punnet square to show a cross between two heterozygous tall plants. Use T and t.
T
t
T
TT
Tt
t
Tt
tt
C. Using the punnet square you created above, what percent of the offspring will be homozygous
recessive? 25%
28. Using the punnet square to the right what percent of the offspring will be
heterozygous? 50%
29. Based on the Punnett Square above what are the parents
Genotypes? Gg, gg
Phenotypes? Glossy and non-glossy
nucleus
30. Fill in the blanks using the word bank listed.
gene
chromosome
DNA
31. Using the diagram above answer the following
questions.
A. What finch is completely carnivorous (meat eater): Warbler Finch
B. Which two finches would compete the least for food? Warbler Finch and Vegetarian Finch
32. Some individuals in a mouse population develop a variation that results in white fur. They live in a
forest with a population of owls. What is most likely to happen?
The mice that have white fur will not be able to blend into their environment and will be eaten by owls.
33. Complete this sentence: In natural selection, “survival of the fittest” is measured by the success of certain organisms over
others, and their success depends ultimately on ___________.
A. a large body
C. the ability to reproduce successfully
34. Which lizard
might a scientist
consider to be the
“fittest”?
Body length
Total number of
healthy offspring
Age at death
Comments
B. long legs for speed
D. being the most attractive
Lizard A
Lizard B
Lizard C
Lizard D
20 cm
12 cm
10 cm
15 cm
19
4 years
Lizard A is very
healthy, strong,
and clever.
28
5 years
Lizard B has
mated with
many lizards.
22
4 years
Lizard C is
dark-colored
and very quick.
26
6 years
Lizard D has
the largest
place to live of
all the lizards.