Baroque Striving to Impress Baroque: Definition • A period of history • A description of artistic/musical style after the Renaissance Causes and Origins • Counter reformation movement (glory of the church) • Rulers wanted a style signifying glory and power • Artist’s desire to be more expressive • Originated in Italy Characteristics • How does Baroque compare with the Renaissance? • Unique contributions – Emotion/Religious fervor/Realism – Dramatic (light and shade/perspective) – Exploration of form (elaborateness, exaggeration) but all in control – Virtuosity – Bernini Architecture Style • Main buildings: palaces and churches • Classical architectural elements but in a free way: – Split pediments – Arched walls – Contrast light and shade Architecture Style • Plans were oval or circular • Interiors rich and abundantly decorated to impress the onlooker demonstrate the inmense power of the Church or absolute monarchs Architecture Style Palace of Versailles Gian Lorenzo Bernini Baldacchino (Altar covering in St. Peters) Altar: Baldacchino St. Peter´s Basilica Sculpture • They were made of different materials: Marble and wood • Religious and mythological themes. Portraits • Figures were realistic often with exaggerated and dramatic expression • Movement Bernini Ecstacy of St. Theresa Bernini David Bernini Apollo and Daphne Pluto and Persephone Painting • • • • • Realistic style even unpleasant characters Landscapes gained importance Light and shadow tenebrism Colour predominated over drawing Caravaggio – Rembrandt, Rubens, Velazquez Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) • The Calling of Saint Matthew – Chiaros curo – Realism Caravaggio • The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew – Emotion – Perspective Caravaggio • David with the head of Goliath – Emotion/realis m – Light/darkness Artemesia Gentileschi • Judith and Holofornes – Emotion – Realism – Perspective Peter Paul Rubens Henri IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie De Medici Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus The Three Graces- Rubens Rembrandt: Night Watch Rembrandt Dr. Tulp’s Anatomy Lesson Diego Velazquez Diego Velazquez • Portraits, religious, mythological and historical themes • Aerial perspective (intensity of colours and details reduced) Diego Velazquez • Las Meninas (Maids of Honor) – Perspective – Virtuosity (detail) – The art of creating art (similar to the view of literature making literature in Don Quixote) Velazquez: The Surrender of Breda (Las Lances) • Perspective • Virtuosity Spanish architecture • Basic materials(brick, plaster…) covered with decorative work • Churriguera brothers chuguirreresque style characterised by excessive ornamentation Spanish sculpture • Religious themes • Sculptures made by polychrome wood • Gregorio Fernández and Juan Martínez Montañés Spanish painting • Religious themes, portraits and still lifes • Main painters: – – – – José Rivera Zurbarán Murillo: Virgins Velázquez
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