1. No category

Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Volume 3, Issue 2, March-April 2015,209-213
ISSN 2322-0406
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Research article
Accessibility of Altered Trade Names of Ranitidine in different standard by
UV Spectrophotometric Technique
______________________________________
ABSTRACT
Safila Naveed1, Fatima Qamar1,Syeda
Sarah Abbas1,2, Sehrish Batool3, Syed
Hameez Jawed2 & Syeda Zainab2
Ranitidine lies under the group of drugs called H2
blockers. Ranitidine reduces the quantity of acid
produced by the stomach. It’s used in the treatment and
prevention of ulcers in stomach and in intestine like
GERD & Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ranitidine is also
coupled with enhance the risk of developing pneumonia.
Assay was done by different brands available in market
of ranitidine. Different dilutions were made and check
out their linearity and regression was found to be linear.
Absorbance was measured by UV Spectrophotometer
and statistically one way ANOVA was implemented to
analyze the comparison b/w groups and within groups.
__________________________________________
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for
women Karachi
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu
University
Corresponding Author Email:
[email protected],
[email protected]
KEYWORDS: Ranitidine, GERD, UV Spectrophotometer, H2 blockers
______________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION:
Ranitidine is very common histamine H2 receptor
antagonist .It employs protuberant results on acid
secretions and less insightful outcomes on acid
production (Hoogerwerf WA, Pasricha PJ 2001,
Higuchi K et al 1994). Ranitidine normally used in
the treatment of Gastro esophageal reflux disease
(GERD), peptic ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
and similar kind of disorders. It has trivial side
effects like headache, somnolence or gastrointestinal
adverse effects and a very low occurrence of
anaphylactic reactions so it is very well tolerated
drug. Nevertheless both intravenous and oral
infusions have remained seldom with intense allergic
reaction such as toxic epidermal necrolysis,
www.jobb.co.in
exanthematous pustulosis, ultraviolet UVB and
bronchospastic reactions (Martínez AJ et al 2006).
Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine have been described
after oral administration the 50% of ranitidine is
absorbed hence the peak serum concentration is about
2± 3 hour after its dosing monitored by elimination
with a half-life of 2.5±3 hours, ranitidine is
metabolized to very small extent primarily by flavin
mono-oxygenases (Grant SM et al.1989, PérezGuillé G et al.2005, Flores Pérez J et al 2003,
Chung WG et al 2000). Elimination of ranitidine is
through kidney with about 70% of the systemically
dose improved in urine in the form of unchanged
drug (Nwokolo CU et al.1989 Benet LZ.1991)
International, Peer reviewed, Open access, Bimonthly Online Journal
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Volume 3, Issue 2, March-April 2015,209-213
ISSN 2322-0406
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Fig-1 structure of Ranitidine
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
UV
visible
1601
Shimadzu
double
beam
spectrophotometer was used.Water was used as a solvent
to perform this assay.
Wavelength Selection
About 200ppm of Ranitidine solution was accurately
prepared in water. Now it was scanned in 200-400nm of
UV regions. The wavelength maxima (λmax) were
observed at 313nm and this wavelength was adopted for
absorbance measurement.
Buffer preparation
pH 1 Buffer was prepared by taking 9.1mL hydrochloric
acid of analytical grade (36%, 11N) in a liter volumetric
flask and the volume was made up to the mark with deionized water.
Buffer pH 4 (chloride buffer) by simple method by
taking 0.1M hydrochloric acid and then 0.1M potassium
chloride solutions was added until the appropriate pH
was attained.
Buffer pH 6.9: 10mM phosphoric acid (sodium) buffer
solution Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (M.W
=156.01). 5mmol (0.78g) Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
12-hydrate M.W =358.14) 5 mol 1.79 g. include water to
create up to 1 L
Sample solution preparation
20 tablets of each brand of Ranitidine from the marketed
sample were weighed and crushed homogeneously in
mortar and pestle. Average weighed sample powder was
equivalent to 10mg of Ranitidine and was transferred
www.jobb.co.in
into a volumetric flask contain 10mL of water.
Sonication was done for about 5 min and then make up
the volume up to 50 ml of water. The same procedure
was repeated for making the solution of Ranitidine in
different buffer system. (Safila Naveed et al., 2014,
Safila Naveed et al., 2015)
Procedure
After preparation of sample solutions absorbance of the
sample preparation in 1cm cell at the wavelength of
maximum absorbance at about 313nm, using a
spectrophotometer, using the blank solution was
measured.
Result and discussion
The absorbance of Anzol was found to be 0.765 in pH1
and for zantac was 1.099 & in Ph4 it was 3.064 anf for
zantac 3.033 on the other hand the a further brand zantac
its absorbance in PH6.9 was 3.43 for anzol and zantac
2.177 as shown in Table:2. Consequently, the result of
linearity on this study was found to be for Brand Anzol
in 200ppm it was 3.43,for zantac it illustrate 2.177. For
100 ppm the value for anzol was 1.8 & 1.083 for zantac
likewise for 50ppm it was 0.857 for anzol and 0.6 for
zantac therefore our last linearity which was 25ppm
bring into being 0.428 for anzol & 0.272 for zantac
shown in Table 3. For comparative studies among the
two dissimilar brands the SPPS Version 20 was put into
practice and there are significant values of P are 0.000 in
Ph1 & pH6.9 (p<0.05). Regression was made by the help
of Excel and it shows a linear relationship between the
two brands shown in Figure 2 & 3.
International, Peer reviewed, Open access, Bimonthly Online Journal
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Volume 3, Issue 2, March-April 2015,209-213
ISSN 2322-0406
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Table 1: One Way ANOVA between groups and within groups
pH1
pH4
pH6.9
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Between Groups
.214
1
.214
188.445
.000
Within Groups
.005
4
.001
Total
.218
5
Between Groups
.001
1
.001
1.058
.362
Within Groups
.002
4
.000
Total
.002
5
Between Groups
2.514
1
2.514
1009.263
.000
Within Groups
.010
4
.002
Total
2.524
5
Table 2: Absorbance at different Concentrations & Regression Equation
Brands
pH1
pH4
pH6.9
A
0.765
3.061
3.43
B
1.099
3.033
2.177
Regression
y = 0.017x +
0.017
y = 0.010x +
0.025
R²
R² = 0.999
R² = 0.999
Table 3: Absorbance at Different ppm Concentration
Strength
200ppm
100ppm
50ppm
25ppm
www.jobb.co.in
Drug A
3.43
1.8
0.857
0.428
Drug B
2.177
1.083
0.6
0.272
International, Peer reviewed, Open access, Bimonthly Online Journal
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Volume 3, Issue 2, March-April 2015,209-213
ISSN 2322-0406
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Fig-2: Absorbance of Drug A at different strength
Fig-3: Absorbance of Drug B at different strength
CONCLUSION:
Ranitidine Brands show equivalent results both of A & B in different medium except in pH4 as in this medium
it found to be non significant; therefore both Brands are not equal to each other.
REFRENCECS:
Bergheim M, R.K (2012). Biodegradability and
ecotoxicity of tramadol, rantidine and their
photoderivaitves in the aquatic environment, Environ,
Sci. Pollut. Res.19:72-85
www.jobb.co.in
Benet LZ (1991). Safety and pharmacokinetics: colloidal
bismuth subcitrate. Scand J Gastroenterol.185:29–
35. [PubMed]
International, Peer reviewed, Open access, Bimonthly Online Journal
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Volume 3, Issue 2, March-April 2015,209-213
ISSN 2322-0406
Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety
Chung WG, Park CS, Roh HK, Lee WK, Cha YN
(2000).Oxidation of ranitidine by isozymes of flavincontaining monooxygenase and cytochrome P450. Jpn J
Pharmacol. 84:213–220. [PubMed
Flores Pérez J, JuárezOlguín H, Flores Pérez C, Pérez
Guillé G, Guillé Pérez A, Camacho Vieyra A, Toledo
López A, Carrasco Portugal M, LaresAsseff I (2003).
Effects of gender and phase of the menstrual cycle on the
kinetics of ranitidine in healthy volunteers. Chronobiol
Int. 20:485–494. [PubMed]
Grant SM, Langtry HD, Brogden RN. Ranitidine
(1989).An updated review of its pharmacodynamic and
pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in peptic
ulcer disease and other allied diseases. Drugs.37:801–
870. [PubMed]
Higuchi K, Watanabe T, Tominaga K, Shiba M,
Nakagawa K, Uno H, Kitada K, Satoh H, Chono S,
Uchida T, (2005). Effects of ranitidine on quality of
gastric ulcer healing compared with famotidine: a
randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. Int
ClinPharmacol Res.25:187–194. [PubMed]i
J
Martínez AJ, CallejoMelgosa A, Fuentes GM, Martín
García C (2006). Rhinitis and asthma due to ranitidine. J
InvestigAllergolClinImmunol. 16:142–143. [PubMed]
Martin H. Kroll and Kenneth Emancipator (1993).A
Theoretical Evaluation of Linearity. CLIN.CHEM.
39(3): 405-413
Nwokolo CU, Gavey CJ, Smith JT, Pounder RE (1989).
The absorption of bismuth from oral doses of
tripotassiumdicitratobismuthate. Aliment
PharmacolTher. 3:29–39. [PubMed]
Paaaey RB, Bee DE, Caffo A, Erikaon JM (1986).
Evaluation of the linearity of quantitative analytical
methods; proposed guideline. NCCLS Document EP6-P.
Villanova, PA:National Committee for Clinical
Laboratory Standards.
Pérez-Guillé G, Guillé-Pérez A, Toledo-López A,
Juárez-Olguín H, Flores Pérez C, Flores-Pŕez J,
Carrasco-Portugal M, Lares-Asseff I, Camacho-Vieyra
A(2005). Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of
ranitidine in healthy Mexican volunteers. Proc West
Pharmacol Soc. 48:84–88. [PubMed]
Hoogerwerf WA, Pasricha PJ (2001). Agents used for
control of gastric acidity and treatment of peptic ulcers
and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: Hardman JG,
Limbird LE, Goodman Gilman A, ed , editors. The
Safila Naveed and Fatima Qamar (2014) Simple UV
spectrophotometric assay of
Metronidazole Open
Access
Library
Journal,
1:
e615:1-4.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100615
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York:
McGraw-Hill. 1005–1020.
Safila Naveed, Hina Rehman, Fatima Qamar, Syeda
Zainab(2015) Method development of Perindopril using
UV spectrophotometer (2015) International journal of
pharmaceutical
Quality
Assurance:6(1)
http://ijpqa.com/#
Citation of this article: Safila Naveed, Fatima Qamar,Syeda Sarah Abbas, ,Sehrish Batool, Syed
Hameez Jawed & Syeda Zainab. Accessibility of Altered Trade Names of Ranitidine in different
standard by UV Spectrophotometric Technique. Journal of Biotechnology and Biosafety.
3(2):209-213
Source of Support: Nil
www.jobb.co.in
Conflict of Interest: None Declared
International, Peer reviewed, Open access, Bimonthly Online Journal