4/8/15
Cherry fruit fly!
Improving monitoring
for cherry fruit fly
using yellow sticky
strips!
•  Overwinter as pupae in the soil!
•  Adults emerge in June and peak in July!
Larvae- 7 mm
long, glossy white
or yellow, tapered
toward head
•  Related to temperature and rainfall/soil
moisture!
•  After emergence, 8-10 day preoviposition feeding period!
•  Females can lay 300-400 eggs; eggs
inserted beneath the skin of fruit!
E. Pochubay and N. Rothwell!
Michigan State University
Extension, AgBioResearch!
Adult- 4.5 mm long, small
yellow dot in center of back
•  Larvae feed inside of fruit (2 wk), drop
to soil, burrow into ground, and pupate!
!
February 18-20, 2015!
MSU Tree Fruit School!
•  One generation per year!
Cherry fruit fly!
Cherry fruit fly look-alikes!
•  Two fruit fly species that attack
cherries in MI!
•  Apple maggot!
•  Primarily a pest of apples!
•  Eastern cherry fruit fly!
•  Black cherry fruit fly!
Apple maggot
Cherry fruit fly
•  Knapweed gall flies!
•  Grouped together because life cycles
and control practices are similar!
•  Do not pose threats to fruit!
•  Monitor for adults in June with
ammonium baited yellow sticky
traps!
Black cherry fruit fly
•  Control timing is during preoviposition period to prevent egglaying into fruit.!
•  Released by USDA-APHIS
for biological control of
spotted & diffuse knapweed!
•  Smaller than cherry fruit flies
and apple maggot!
Urophora
quadrifasciata
Urophora
affinis
Photos: Cornell University (top); Ilona L. (middle) and Tom Murray (bottom), Bugguide.net
15’
7’
4’
Mean # CFF / trap ± SEM
Trap placement study
New fruit fly trapping information!
25
•  Baited yellow plastic sticky strips catch
2x-3x more Western CFF compared
with paperboard (Yee 2014).!
a
20
•  Also catch fewer non-target flies and bees!
15
10
b
5
b
0
High
Stelinkski et al. 2006. Vertical position of traps influences
capture of eastern CFF. Florida Entomologist, 89(1).
Standard
Low
Trapping height
•  Plastic traps are more visible to WCFF
because sunlight penetrates plastic
which increases trap area that is
visible to the fruit flies.!
•  Paperboard traps are only visible
where sunlight is reflected.!
Yee, W.L. 2014. Commercial yellow stick strips more attractive than yellow
boards to western cherry fruit fly (Dipt., Tephritidae). J. Appl. Entomol.
1
4/8/15
Methods!
2014 Trapping study objectives!
Five NW MI grower cooperators’
tart cherry orchards; Five 1-ac
replicates per farm!
1.  Observe first detection of cherry
fruit fly on baited plastic vs.
paperboard yellow sticky traps.!
One plastic and one paperboard
trap placed in adjacent trees per
replicate!
2.  Compare efficiency of cherry
fruit fly captures on baited
plastic vs. paperboard traps.!
Trap deployment date and
growing degree-days Traps baited w/ ammonium
carbonate; bait replaced every
other week!
Date
Deployed
Site
Antrim
Benzie
Grand Traverse
Leelanau 1
Leelanau 2
Checked weekly; when found,
CFF were removed from trap!
Growing Degree
Days base 50
6/17/14
6/12/14
6/17/14
7/2/14
6/17/14
489.9
438
446.5
588.1
417.2
!
Results – Plastic versus Paperboard!
Total CFF per 5 traps!
Season-long CFF captures, Antrim!
Plastic!
Paperboard!
15!
First detection
Plastic = 3
Paperboard = 0
10!
5!
p!
Se
ug
!
7-
31
24
-A
ug
!
ug
!
-A
ug
!
-A
10
17
-A
ug
!
ul
!
3-
27
A
-J
ul
!
20
13
-J
ul
!
0!
Paperboard
-J
Plastic
20!
Week of!
Total CFF per 5 traps!
Season-long CFF captures, Grand Traverse!
Plastic!
Paperboard!
150!
50!
200!
150!
100!
First detection
Plastic = 1
Paperboard = 0
50!
Se
p!
7-
ug
!
31
-A
ug
!
24
-A
ug
!
17
-A
ug
!
10
-A
ug
!
A
3-
ul
!
27
-J
ul
!
-J
20
p!
ug
!
Se
7-
-A
ug
!
31
ug
!
-A
-A
24
ug
!
17
ug
!
-A
ul
!
-J
A
3-
ul
!
27
ul
!
-J
20
10
Week of!
ul
!
0!
0!
-J
Plastic!
Paperboard!
250!
-J
100!
First detection
Plastic = 4
Paperboard = 1
300!
13
200!
13
Total CFF per 5 traps!
Season-long CFF captures, Benzie!
250!
Week of!
2
4/8/15
Season-long CFF captures, Leelanau 2!
Total CFF on 5 traps!
Plastic!
Paperboard!
First detection
Plastic = 7
Paperboard = 0
35!
Plastic!
Paperboard!
30!
25!
First
detection
Plastic = 1
Paperboard
=0
20!
15!
10!
5!
100!
p!
Se
ug
!
7-
-A
ug
!
31
-A
ug
!
24
-A
ug
!
A*
1400
1200
60!
1000
40!
800
20!
600
B
400
ug
!
Se
p!
7-
ug
!
-A
31
-A
ug
!
24
Week of!
0
Plastic
Paperboard
*Means with different letters are significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.05).
Results and implications!
!
!
p!
ug
!
Se
-A
31
7-
ug
!
ug
!
ug
!
-A
-A
24
17
10
-A
ug
!
ul
!
0!
-J
N/A&
!
3A
$1.475&
!
!
20!
27
$1.408&
!
40!
ul
!
$1.400&
!
60!
ul
!
N/A&
Plastic!
Paperboard!
80!
-J
$1.175&
Season-long CFF captures, all sites!
100!
-J
$/trap!!!!!!!!!! $/trap!!!!!!!!!! $/trap!!!!!!!!!
(per!100!pk)! (per!50!pk)! (per!10!pk)!
•  Plastic traps were more
effective for first detections
of CFF
20
Cost per trap purchased from Great Lakes IPM 13
Results and implications!
Yellow!Sticky!Strips!
!
(plastic)!
Unbaited!Pherocon!AM!
Trap!(paperboard)!
200
Average # CFF per per site!
-A
-A
ug
!
17
ug
!
10
ul
!
-J
3A
27
-J
20
-J
ul
!
0!
13
17
A
Total # CFF caught on traps July 12 - Sept 8, 2014
1800
1600
Plastic!
Paperboard!
80!
10
3-
Week of!
Season-long CFF captures, all sites!
ul
!
Average # CFF per site!
Week of!
-A
ug
!
ul
!
-J
ul
!
27
-J
ul
!
20
13
-J
p!
Se
ug
!
7-
-A
ug
!
31
-A
ug
!
24
-A
ug
!
10
3-
17
A
-A
ug
!
ul
!
-J
27
-J
20
13
-J
ul
!
0!
ul
!
Total CFF per 5 traps!
Season-long CFF captures, Leelanau 1!
40!
35!
30!
25!
20!
15!
10!
5!
0!
Week of!
!
•  Plastic traps are more economical compared to
paperboard!
•  Plastic traps are less sticky and easier to set up
in the field!
•  NW MI CFF population was lower in early
summer 2014 than in the previous season!
•  Plastic traps may be a better monitoring tool in years
with lower CFF populations!
3
4/8/15
Results and implications!
How do these results impact management
decisions when yellow sticky strips are used?!
•  Continue to implement management tactics that
will prevent egg-laying into fruit!
•  Yellow sticky strips could improve on-farm
detection rather than relying on regional trap
information!
NWMHRC will continue to investigate fruit fly
trapping in 2015 which will include apple sites to
monitor for apple maggot using sticky strips.!
Cherry fruit fly monitoring summary!
Place traps in:!
trees along orchard edges!
the upper 3rd of the canopy!
•  locations that maximize light reflection!
• 
• 
•  Traps on bamboo or PVC poles ! ! ! ! !
with a hook helps to place traps high in the tree!
•  Chicken wire frame/screen holds trap in place
and prevents branches and leaves from
sticking to trap!
•  Consider using yellow plastic sticky strips to
improve trapping for CFF !
Acknowledgements!
Funded by:
Michigan Cherry Committee
MSU Project GREEEN
‘Thank you’ to our grower
cooperators!
NWMHRC Staff and Farm Crew
Bill Klein
Myron Anderson
Jackie Baase
NWMHRC 2014 Field Crew
(From left: Blake Showers, Kelly Kobberstad,
Karen Powers, Heather Leach)
Jim Laubach, HortSystems, Inc.
Marguerite Bolt, 2014 MSU Extension
Intern (right)
4