Improving monitoring for cherry fruit fly using yellow sticky strips
4/8/15 Cherry fruit fly! Improving monitoring for cherry fruit fly using yellow sticky strips! • Overwinter as pupae in the soil! • Adults emerge in June and peak in July! Larvae- 7 mm long, glossy white or yellow, tapered toward head • Related to temperature and rainfall/soil moisture! • After emergence, 8-10 day preoviposition feeding period! • Females can lay 300-400 eggs; eggs inserted beneath the skin of fruit! E. Pochubay and N. Rothwell! Michigan State University Extension, AgBioResearch! Adult- 4.5 mm long, small yellow dot in center of back • Larvae feed inside of fruit (2 wk), drop to soil, burrow into ground, and pupate! ! February 18-20, 2015! MSU Tree Fruit School! • One generation per year! Cherry fruit fly! Cherry fruit fly look-alikes! • Two fruit fly species that attack cherries in MI! • Apple maggot! • Primarily a pest of apples! • Eastern cherry fruit fly! • Black cherry fruit fly! Apple maggot Cherry fruit fly • Knapweed gall flies! • Grouped together because life cycles and control practices are similar! • Do not pose threats to fruit! • Monitor for adults in June with ammonium baited yellow sticky traps! Black cherry fruit fly • Control timing is during preoviposition period to prevent egglaying into fruit.! • Released by USDA-APHIS for biological control of spotted & diffuse knapweed! • Smaller than cherry fruit flies and apple maggot! Urophora quadrifasciata Urophora affinis Photos: Cornell University (top); Ilona L. (middle) and Tom Murray (bottom), Bugguide.net 15’ 7’ 4’ Mean # CFF / trap ± SEM Trap placement study New fruit fly trapping information! 25 • Baited yellow plastic sticky strips catch 2x-3x more Western CFF compared with paperboard (Yee 2014).! a 20 • Also catch fewer non-target flies and bees! 15 10 b 5 b 0 High Stelinkski et al. 2006. Vertical position of traps influences capture of eastern CFF. Florida Entomologist, 89(1). Standard Low Trapping height • Plastic traps are more visible to WCFF because sunlight penetrates plastic which increases trap area that is visible to the fruit flies.! • Paperboard traps are only visible where sunlight is reflected.! Yee, W.L. 2014. Commercial yellow stick strips more attractive than yellow boards to western cherry fruit fly (Dipt., Tephritidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 1 4/8/15 Methods! 2014 Trapping study objectives! Five NW MI grower cooperators’ tart cherry orchards; Five 1-ac replicates per farm! 1. Observe first detection of cherry fruit fly on baited plastic vs. paperboard yellow sticky traps.! One plastic and one paperboard trap placed in adjacent trees per replicate! 2. Compare efficiency of cherry fruit fly captures on baited plastic vs. paperboard traps.! Trap deployment date and growing degree-days Traps baited w/ ammonium carbonate; bait replaced every other week! Date Deployed Site Antrim Benzie Grand Traverse Leelanau 1 Leelanau 2 Checked weekly; when found, CFF were removed from trap! Growing Degree Days base 50 6/17/14 6/12/14 6/17/14 7/2/14 6/17/14 489.9 438 446.5 588.1 417.2 ! Results – Plastic versus Paperboard! Total CFF per 5 traps! Season-long CFF captures, Antrim! Plastic! Paperboard! 15! First detection Plastic = 3 Paperboard = 0 10! 5! p! Se ug ! 7- 31 24 -A ug ! ug ! -A ug ! -A 10 17 -A ug ! ul ! 3- 27 A -J ul ! 20 13 -J ul ! 0! Paperboard -J Plastic 20! Week of! Total CFF per 5 traps! Season-long CFF captures, Grand Traverse! Plastic! Paperboard! 150! 50! 200! 150! 100! First detection Plastic = 1 Paperboard = 0 50! Se p! 7- ug ! 31 -A ug ! 24 -A ug ! 17 -A ug ! 10 -A ug ! A 3- ul ! 27 -J ul ! -J 20 p! ug ! Se 7- -A ug ! 31 ug ! -A -A 24 ug ! 17 ug ! -A ul ! -J A 3- ul ! 27 ul ! -J 20 10 Week of! ul ! 0! 0! -J Plastic! Paperboard! 250! -J 100! First detection Plastic = 4 Paperboard = 1 300! 13 200! 13 Total CFF per 5 traps! Season-long CFF captures, Benzie! 250! Week of! 2 4/8/15 Season-long CFF captures, Leelanau 2! Total CFF on 5 traps! Plastic! Paperboard! First detection Plastic = 7 Paperboard = 0 35! Plastic! Paperboard! 30! 25! First detection Plastic = 1 Paperboard =0 20! 15! 10! 5! 100! p! Se ug ! 7- -A ug ! 31 -A ug ! 24 -A ug ! A* 1400 1200 60! 1000 40! 800 20! 600 B 400 ug ! Se p! 7- ug ! -A 31 -A ug ! 24 Week of! 0 Plastic Paperboard *Means with different letters are significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.05). Results and implications! ! ! p! ug ! Se -A 31 7- ug ! ug ! ug ! -A -A 24 17 10 -A ug ! ul ! 0! -J N/A& ! 3A $1.475& ! ! 20! 27 $1.408& ! 40! ul ! $1.400& ! 60! ul ! N/A& Plastic! Paperboard! 80! -J $1.175& Season-long CFF captures, all sites! 100! -J $/trap!!!!!!!!!! $/trap!!!!!!!!!! $/trap!!!!!!!!! (per!100!pk)! (per!50!pk)! (per!10!pk)! • Plastic traps were more effective for first detections of CFF 20 Cost per trap purchased from Great Lakes IPM 13 Results and implications! Yellow!Sticky!Strips! ! (plastic)! Unbaited!Pherocon!AM! Trap!(paperboard)! 200 Average # CFF per per site! -A -A ug ! 17 ug ! 10 ul ! -J 3A 27 -J 20 -J ul ! 0! 13 17 A Total # CFF caught on traps July 12 - Sept 8, 2014 1800 1600 Plastic! Paperboard! 80! 10 3- Week of! Season-long CFF captures, all sites! ul ! Average # CFF per site! Week of! -A ug ! ul ! -J ul ! 27 -J ul ! 20 13 -J p! Se ug ! 7- -A ug ! 31 -A ug ! 24 -A ug ! 10 3- 17 A -A ug ! ul ! -J 27 -J 20 13 -J ul ! 0! ul ! Total CFF per 5 traps! Season-long CFF captures, Leelanau 1! 40! 35! 30! 25! 20! 15! 10! 5! 0! Week of! ! • Plastic traps are more economical compared to paperboard! • Plastic traps are less sticky and easier to set up in the field! • NW MI CFF population was lower in early summer 2014 than in the previous season! • Plastic traps may be a better monitoring tool in years with lower CFF populations! 3 4/8/15 Results and implications! How do these results impact management decisions when yellow sticky strips are used?! • Continue to implement management tactics that will prevent egg-laying into fruit! • Yellow sticky strips could improve on-farm detection rather than relying on regional trap information! NWMHRC will continue to investigate fruit fly trapping in 2015 which will include apple sites to monitor for apple maggot using sticky strips.! Cherry fruit fly monitoring summary! Place traps in:! trees along orchard edges! the upper 3rd of the canopy! • locations that maximize light reflection! • • • Traps on bamboo or PVC poles ! ! ! ! ! with a hook helps to place traps high in the tree! • Chicken wire frame/screen holds trap in place and prevents branches and leaves from sticking to trap! • Consider using yellow plastic sticky strips to improve trapping for CFF ! Acknowledgements! Funded by: Michigan Cherry Committee MSU Project GREEEN ‘Thank you’ to our grower cooperators! NWMHRC Staff and Farm Crew Bill Klein Myron Anderson Jackie Baase NWMHRC 2014 Field Crew (From left: Blake Showers, Kelly Kobberstad, Karen Powers, Heather Leach) Jim Laubach, HortSystems, Inc. Marguerite Bolt, 2014 MSU Extension Intern (right) 4
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