A. Chakirov (2014) Heterogeneous values of time in a multimodal context: An activity and agent-based simulation approach, MATSim User Meeting 2015, Singapore, March 2015. Heterogeneous values of time in a multimodal context: An activity- and agent-based simulation approach Artem Chakirov Heterogeneity in VOT α: Value of Time β: Schedule delay early γ – Schedule delay late Proportional Heterogeneity: α, β, γ vary proportionally => µ, η, λ = const. - usually strongly income dependent α- Heterogeneity: α varies, β, γ = const. (µ, λ ≠ const., η = const.) e.g. type of job, family situation γ- Heterogeneity: α,β = const., γ = varies (η, µ, λ ≠ const., µ = const.) e.g. shift workers vs. flexible hours Small, K. A. and E. T. Verhoef (2007) The Economics of Urban Transportation, Routledge, Abingdon. 3 Introducing Heterogeneous Values of Time in MATSim Using continuous interaction from Axhausen et al. (2008): Nagel, K., B. Kickhöfer and J. W. Joubert (2014) Heterogeneous tolls and values of time in multi-agent transport simulation, Procedia Computer Science, 32 (0) 762 – 768. Kickhöfer, B., D. Grether and K. Nagel (2011) Income-contingent user preferences in policy evaluation: application and discussion based on multi-agent transport simulations, Transportation, 38 (6) 849–870. Axhausen, K. W., S. Hess, A. König, G. Abay, J. J. Bates and M. Bierlaire (2008) Income and distance elasticities of values of travel time savings: New Swiss results, Transport Policy, 15 (3) 173–185. 4 Value of Time and Schedule Delay in MATSim è Proportional heterogeneity α- heterogeneity γ- heterogeneity Nagel, K. and G. Flötteröd (2009) Agent-based trac assignment: Going from trips to behavioral travelers, paper presented at the 12th International Conference on Travel Behaviour Research (IATBR), Jaipur, December 2009. 5 Corridor scenario Home location density Work locations density 2 km - - - - - - - 12000 agents Home – Work – Home activity chains Distance between bus stops: 600m Bus headway: 5 min Bus capacity: 90 (MAN NL323F) Bus length: 7.5m Dwell time per passenger: 1 sec 20km corridor with bus network (Bus stop every 600m) 6 Behavioural and monetary parameters and activity constrains Tirachini, A. D.A. Hensher and J.M. Rose (2012) Multimodal Pricing and Optimal Design of Public Transport Services: The Interplay between Traffic Congestion and Bus Crowding, in Proceedings of the Kuhmo Nectar Conference on Transportation Economics, Berlin. Chakirov, A. and P. Fourie (2014) Enriched Sioux Falls Scenario with Dynamic and Disaggregate Demand, Working paper, FCL, SEC, Singapore. 7 Income distribution from Sioux Falls synthetic population Income distribution Chakirov, A. and P. Fourie (2014) Enriched Sioux Falls Scenario with Dynamic and Disaggregate Demand, Working paper, FCL, SEC, Singapore. 8 Income-based heterogeneity in VOT Axhausen et al. (2008) estimate λ = 0.1697 for Different degree of heterogeneity are tested for η * with n = 0,1,2,3,5,10. Lorenz curves Axhausen, K. W., S. Hess, A. König, G. Abay, J. J. Bates and M. Bierlaire (2008) Income and distance elasticities of values of travel time savings: New Swiss results, Transport Policy, 15 (3) 173–185. 9 First – best pricing approximation 10 First Results 11 Change in realized consumer welfare in % (all toll is returned) Proportional heterogeneity α- heterogeneity γ- heterogeneity 12 Schedule delay cost α- heterogeneity γ- heterogeneity First-best toll No Toll Proportional heterogeneity 13 First-Best Toll Benefits with Proportional Heterogeneity (relative) Changes in Consumer Surplus in % Changes in Consumer Welfare in % 14 Car Mode shares – Proportional Heterogeneity No Toll First-best toll 15 Morning Departure Times vs. Income Prop hetero n=1 Prop hetero n=3 Alpha hetero n=1 Alpha hetero n=3 First-best toll No Toll Homogeneous VOT 16 Evening Departure Times vs. Income Prop hetero n=1 Prop hetero n=3 Alpha hetero n=1 Alpha hetero n=3 First-best toll No Toll Homogeneous 17 Outlook • Systematic comparison to transportation economics literature (e.g. Verhoef, van den Berg) • Transfer to a realistic medium to large scale scenario (e.g. Sioux Falls, Singapore) • Questions of spatial inequality • Combination of different heterogeneity characteristics (Value of Time, Schedule Delay, Trip Distances, Activity Types) 18 Toll revenue variations during the last 50 iterations 19 First-Best Toll Benefits with Proportional Heterogeneity (absolute) Changes in Consumer Surplus Changes in Consumer Welfare 20
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