SECURITY COUNCIL POSITION PAPER COUNTRY/ORGANIZATION: REPUBLIC OF CHAD DELEGATE'S NAME: BALSUBRAMANIAN SUNDARAM UNIVERSITY/SCHOOL: SRI SANKARA The history of Peacekeeping dates back to sixty years ago starting with the crisis which tore apart the state of Congo. But, through deliberation and diplomacy it was solved in a ‘phyriccal’ manner. The question draws upon us. Do all peacekeeping operations have subsequent structural changes? Do all peacekeeping missions require an extravagant military force to combat threats? Put-together on terms of generality, do all peacekeeping missions follow the same formula? Those are just few aspects of the wide variety of questions the concept of peacekeeping poses upon us. Over the past decade, the number of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions around the world has significantly increased, and so has the number of peacekeepers. They increase in size, budget and importance along with the canvass of viability. The idea of peacekeeping is said to be the process of creating conditions that in-turn create long-lasting peace. The idea is as complicated as it seems with many aspects to it. 9 out of 17 peacekeeping missions is located in the African continent and the problems faced by it vary from various social and economic aspects. We believe that the main threat posed to the UN Peacekeeping Missions are by the non-state activist groups such as the Boko Haram. These are the loopholes in the principles and structure of the UNPKF which prove to be of great importance for Chad: I) Impartiality: What is the difference between an UN Peacekeeping Operation and an arbitrator? None. But, the legitimacy of the institution along with its transparency is what makes it impartial. We, the republic of Chad, believe that this transparency does not exist on an extensive level in the United Nations and this what demarcates the line between partiality and impartiality. II) Consent of Both Parties: Republic of Chad believes that the problem here lies within a particular time-frame. The time before and after a state allows a peacekeeping operation. Due to international pressure, a country may agree first for a peacekeeping operation but later exhibits a ‘proxy’ behavior to limit the freedom of the UNPKO (i.e. Mobilization, Security and Infrastructure) and in-directly withdraw its consent. III) Non-use of Force: We have conjectured that this particular rationale of the UNPKF mandate is extremely contradictory. The United Nations Security Council allows the UNPKF to use ‘any and all means necessary’ to combat a threat while the UNPKF follows a policy of non-use of force until necessary. This brings confusion among the UNPKF on a structural level, which needs to be corrected. 2 IV) Ad-Hoc Structure: The resource pool of the UNPKF follows ad-hoc structure of reliability which reduces its ease of functionality. If the soldiers of any particular country is withdrawn the United Nations will face a shortage. This structure should be reformed through an independent resource pool giving the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces the flexibility it needs. V) Socio-Economic Aspects: The UNPKF faces much scrutiny under the International Community for breaching various human rights of the people of its host. If this continues to happen, the credibility of the United Nations will reduce, leading a downfall in all the other aspects discussed above. On an economic aspect, the organization which was assigned to conduct thorough checks to the UNPKF. But, the frequency of audits of the UNPKF conducted by the Advisory and Budgetary Committee of the United Nations is less and the most recent being published in 2012. The Republic of Chad has taken many steps to protect the security of peacekeeping programs. Considering the fact that, we are surrounded by them. We believe that any threat to the UNPKO in Sudan or Mali is a threat to our national security. Boko Haram, a non-state activist group, has tried to attack such peacekeeping operations and cause mayhem across the African continent. We are leading a multi-national force against the non-state activist Boko Haram supported by French intelligence and the help of the African Union. Chad will continue to take any and all actions necessary to protect the peacekeeping programs. We do have suggestions to the problems currently being faced by the UNPKF. The following solutions are to be put to debate: 1) Compulsory implementation of DDR (Disarmament, Demobilization and ReIntegration) after every peacekeeping program 2) Establishment of the UN Peacekeeping Forces mandate making the transition from a doctrine to an officiated document. 3) Adopting the UNPKF an independent resource pool to increase its flexibility in terms of structure 4) Addition of these mechanisms (to be included): i) Addition of simplified complaint registration of abuse at UNPKO office ii) Inclusion of mandatory pre-deployment training on the requisites of the three basic principles of the UNPKF These are the suggestions, we the Republic of Chad, propose and thus conclude. 3
© Copyright 2024