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African History Ancient Egypt • World’s civiliza8on a9er Middle East • Lasts from 3100-‐332 BC • Major cultural contribu8ons to future civiliza8ons – Created papyrus (1st material) – Created a month calendar (basis for ours today) – Created a system of – Built massive tombs and temples decorated with sculptures, pain8ngs, & wri8ngs that kept their – Mummies Extent of Egyp8an rule and influence Ancient Egypt • Mummies – Provided knowledge for diagnosing and trea8ng illness and doing surgeries – Story of why Egypt creates mummies: • Osiris married to Isis and ruled Egypt • Set was Osiris’s brother • Set was jealous, killed him, cut him into pieces, and scaUered the pieces across Egypt • Isis reassembled the pieces and brought him back to life through mummifica8on Foreign Rulers in North Africa • Around 100 BC armies began conquering North Africa, spreading culture and civiliza8on there • Around 650 AD armies expanded into and conquered North Africa, conver8ng the people to – Mul8ple Muslim empires controlled the region – Region was ruled by Muslims un8l when the began collapsing and took control Trade Kingdoms • Trade in North Africa incredibly difficult due to the • All trade carried out across just a few routes • Anyone that could control those routes would become • Primary trade goods were , gold, and – All were abundant in – In many areas was as valuable as gold Trade Kingdoms • 1st kingdom: (800-‐1050 AD) – Called the “Land of Gold” for the amount of gold traded through its ci8es – Kingdom gained power and $ by taxing the trade – 8red of paying taxes destroy it • 2nd kingdom: Mali (1200-‐1450) – Leaders become to expand trade and poli8cal influence – Helped to spread into Africa by building universi8es & welcoming intellectuals & travelers Trade Kingdoms • : – Largest empire in West Africa • A9er its collapse only small kingdoms exist un8l • dominate East Africa trade European Coloniza8on • Europeans led by explore African coast as they seek trade routes to • Other Europeans followed to engage in the trade (Triangular Trade with the Americas) – Slaves captured by & sold to Europeans – Europeans set up small colonies along West Africa to carry on • The unknown interior encourages explora8on • encourages further coloniza8on European Coloniza8on • As Europeans colonize they come into compe88on with each other – of 1884 divides Africa into colonies amongst the European powers – Borders drawn with no regard to or input from • Only 2 countries escape coloniza8on: – : established in 1847 by freed slaves from the United States – Ethiopia: used modern weapons and tac8cs to keep from enforcing its claim Independence • Independence for European countries a9er sparks na8onalist movements in Africa • During WWII many African colonies experienced greater freedoms • A9er WWII Europeans had great difficulty reestablishing control – Countries with experienced independence quickly through diplomacy – Colonies heavily colonized o9en 8mes gained independence later & only a9er African Culture • Influenced by what is known as Africa’s ( ) • Religion based upon – North and East Africa Muslim due to Muslim empires and traders – West, Central, and South Africa (denomina8on based upon the denomina8on of the colonizing European country) – Remote areas s8ll prac8ce indigenous religions, primarily – Isolated pockets of in former Bri8sh colonies due to migrant workers from India • g African Culture • Na8ve Languages are s8ll prac8ced in remote areas • Country’s primary language is based on the – Kenya: former – Algeria: colony; speaks country; speaks • Dress in all rural areas is s8ll tradi8onal, but urban areas have adopted dress
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