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 Proceedings
of the
24th International
Congress of Vexillology
Washington, D.C., USA
1–5 August 2011
ii Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology
Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011
Scot M. Guenter, Ph.D., Editor
Edward B. Kaye, Managing Editor
All papers presented at the biennial flag-studies congress, hosted in 2011 by the North
American Vexillological Association and the Chesapeake Bay Flag Association, under
the auspices of FIAV, the Fédération internationale des associations vexillologiques.
Contributors
Peter A. Ansoff • Ralph G. C. Bartlett • Bruce Berry • Jelena Borošak-Marijanović • Aleš Brožek •
Tony Burton • Avelino Víctor Couceiro Rodríguez • Patrice de La Condamine • Jan Oskar Engene •
Arthur Etchells III • Francisco Gregoric • Dale Grimes, Jr. • Scot M. Guenter • John M. Hartvigsen •
Kenneth Hartvigsen • Donald T. Healy • Željko Heimer • Lee L. Herold • Sebastià Herreros Agüí •
Tadej Jakopič • Ralph Kelly • Roman Klimeš • Michel R. Lupant • Christopher Maddish •
Terri Malgieri • David B. Martucci • Geoff Parsons & Michael Faul • Anne M. Platoff • Jos Poels •
Rob Raeside • Alain Raullet • Marcus E. V. Schmöger • Gwen Spicer & Alexandra Deutsch •
Suzanne Thomassen-Krauss • Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg • Marcel van Westerhoven
Congress Scientific Committee
Anne M. Platoff, M.A., chair • Luc V. Baronian, Ph.D. • Perry Dane, J.D. • Scot M. Guenter, Ph.D. •
Kevin Harrington, M.A.T. • Laura K. Kidd, Ph.D. • John M. Purcell, Ph.D. • Ken Reynolds, Ph.D.
ICV 24 Organizing Committee
Hugh L. Brady, President of the North American Vexillological Association • John A. Lowe, M.D.,
President of the Chesapeake Bay Flag Association • Gustavo Tracchia, F.F., Program Chair •
Peter A. Ansoff, Venue Chair • Edward B. Kaye, Congress Coordinator
Officers of the Fédération internationale des associations vexillologiques (FIAV)
Michel R. Lupant, C.O.C., C.C.O.M., President • Charles A. Spain, Jr., Secretary-General •
Graham M. P. Bartram, F.F.I., Secretary-General for Congresses
© 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org)
iii ISBN: 978-0-9747728-4-4
North American Vexillological Association (NAVA)
1977 N. Olden Ave. Ext., PMB 225
Trenton, NJ 08618-2193, USA
(www.nava.org )
Cover: The ICV 24 flag flies at the George Washington Masonic Memorial in Alexandria, Virginia, to honor
the congress closing dinner on 5 August 2011. Photo: Edward B. Kaye.
iv CONTENTS
Scot M. Guenter
Introduction
1
Peter A. Ansoff
Sir Charles Fawcett Redux:
The Historical Connection between the
British East India Company Flag and the
American Continental Colors
6
Ralph G. C. Bartlett
Unity in Flags
27
Bruce Berry
Stillborn: Flags Designed for the
“Republic of KwaNdebele”
40
Jelena Borošak-Marijanović
Sokol Flags: The Symbols of the Croatian
Sokol Movement to 1914
55
Aleš Brožek
Did the United States Influence the
Czechoslovak National Flag?
73
Tony Burton
Raising the Standard:
An Argument from Design
83
Avelino Víctor Couceiro
Rodríguez
That Cuban Flag…The Original /
Aquella bandera cubana…la original
114
136
Patrice de La Condamine
Flags of Constructed Languages /
Les Drapeaux des Langues Construites
159
175
Jan Oskar Engene
Four Forgotten Norwegian Ensigns
192
Arthur Etchells III
Foreign Influences on the Development of
Russian Military Flags
204
Francisco Gregoric
The Flag of the City of Buenos Aires:
Four Centuries of History /
La bandera de la ciudad de Buenos Aires:
Una historia de cuatro siglos
227
v 291
Dale Grimes, Jr.
Tattered Treasures: World War Two U.S.
Navy Flags of Mare Island Naval Shipyard
353
Scot M. Guenter
The Rise and Fall of Worldface:
Social Networking, Stereotyping, and the
Power of Flags
363
John M. Hartvigsen
Utah’s Adoption of Two Legislative
Measures Affecting the Utah State Flag
391
Kenneth Hartvigsen
Picturing Flag Violence in Civil War Sheet
Music: The Case of “Down with the Traitors’
Serpent Flag”
407
Donald T. Healy
San Diego’s Indian Tribal Flags
425
Željko Heimer
National Identity in the Political Party Flags
in Croatia
437
Lee L. Herold
Why Flags?
Searching for an Essence of Flags
499
Sebastià Herreros Agüí
Catalan Modernism and Vexillology
506
Tadej Jakopič
The 20th Anniversary under the Slovene Flag
635
Ralph Kelly
Southern Cross Down Under
640
Roman Klimes
Gibraltar: The Rock with its own Symbols
669
Michel R. Lupant
From the Trust Territory of the Pacific to the
Federated States of Micronesia
691
Christopher Maddish
The Mysterious John Hewson–Martha
Washington Flag
740
Terri Malgieri
Tapestries of Colored Lights
763
David B. Martucci
The Standards of the Manhattoes, Pavonia,
and Hell-Gate
778
Geoff Parsons & Michael Faul
British Royal Standards 1199–Present
799
Anne M. Platoff
Six Flags over Luna: The Role of Flags in
Moon Landing Conspiracy Theories
820
vi Jos Poels
The Orange Pennant:
The Dutch Response to a Flag Dilemma
882
Rob Raeside
The Maritime Influence on the Municipal
Flags of Atlantic Canada
899
Alain Raullet
Following the Voice:
The Eyes of Vexillology
907
Marcus E. V. Schmöger
Political Party Flags of San Marino
921
Gwen Spicer
& Alexandra Deutsch
The Treatment of the 4th Regiment U.S.C.T.
Civil War Flag
949
Suzanne Thomassen-Krauss
Discoveries Made while Preserving the
Star-Spangled Banner
960
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg
On a Scale of 1 to 10
988
Marcel van Westerhoven
Translating Coats of Arms and Emblems
into Flags
996
Colophon
Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011
© 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org)
vii 1014
viii