1. science
2. ecology
3. pollution

 Name__________________
APES Practice Exam
Unit 6: Land & Water Use
1. Most of the fresh water in the world is
(1) in the atmosphere
(2) in lakes
(3) deep underground
9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below.
(4) in ice caps or glaciers
(5) already in use
2. Which of the following irrigation methods can potentially reduce
water use the most?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Laser-level irrigation
Drip irrigation systems
Conventional gravity flow systems
Conventional center-pivot irrigation
Flood irrigation
3. The world's largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam, is being constructed
to control the flow of which river?
(1) The Nile
(2) The Amazon
(3) The Ganges
(4) The Yangtze
(5) The Colorado
The diagram below represents which of the following?
4. The construction of modern cities affects the water cycle in that
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1) Downwell
(2) Hurricane
(3) Upwell
paved city streets and city buildings are of high albedo
most rain permeates quickly and directly into the soil
runoff becomes trapped under asphalt and concrete
water infiltration is prevented by surface materials
precipitation occurs less frequently in urban areas
10.One of the few areas of virgin forest in the United States is found in
5. The growth of suburbs and urban sprawl were primarily facilitated
by
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1) Western Kansas
(2) Northern New York
(3) Massachusetts
I. low-lying coastal areas will become flooded
II. groundwater supplies may suffer saltwater intrusion
III. estuaries and salt marshes will face seaward migration,
endangering wildlife
(1) I only
(2) II only
(3) III only
6. Which of the following is the best example of mitigation?
(1) The government sets aside a zoo for endangered animals in
response to environmentalists complaining about the
destruction of several native species.
(2) The government allows the destruction of existing wetlands in
return for the creation of new wetlands of equal area elsewhere.
(3) Instead of destroying an entire rainforest for farmland, the
government settles with environmentalists by conserving half
of the forest.
(4) A nuclear power plant pays compensation for the physical
harm that a nuclear meltdown caused to nearby residents.
(5) A city subsidizes a chemical factory in response to the
chemical factory reducing hazardous waste dumping
(1) Forests
(2) Savannahs
(3) Tundra
(1) Bogs and fens
(2) Swamps
(3) Floodplains
(3) 50%
(4) 25%
(4) Prairie potholes
(5) Wet artic tundra
13. Which of the following can ultimately be beneficial for an
ecosystem?
(1) Deforestation
(2) Urbanization
(3) Mining
(4) Pollution with nitrates
(5) Fire
14. Reclaimed water is water that
(4) Temperate regions
(5) Wetlands
(2) 75%
(4) I and II only
(5) I, II and III
12. Which type of inland wetland receives excess water during heavy
rains and floods?
(1) is returned to its original licensing by court order
(2) is removed from the human consumption market
(3) has been reabsorbed by the atmosphere in the hydrologic
cycle
(4) has been treated and reused in some way
(5) has been naturally cleansed and enriched by wetlands
8. What percent of the Earth's water is not freshwater?
(1) 97.5%
(4) Coastal Georgia
(5) Southern California
11. Rising sea levels are of great concern because
the development of indoor plumbing
the proliferation of automobiles
a lack of vested ecosystems
rebates and other legislative incentives
a decrease in the cost and time required for house construction
7. Changes in sea level have the greatest effect on which of the
following biomes?
(4) Warm water
(5) Any of the above
(5) 10%
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Name__________________
APES Practice Exam
Unit 6: Land & Water Use
15.
Which of the following quantities is the above map most likely showing?
(1) coal deposits
(2) pollution levels
(3) fertile soil
16. The majority of jobs in the U.S. Forest Service are concerned with
(1) lumber management
(2) firefighting
(3) administration
(4) mining
(5) recreation
(4) oil quantities
20. Which of the following sources of the world's food have reached
their limits or are very near their limits?
I. Oceanic fisheries
II. Temperature farmland
III. Rangelands
17. When a nation experiences rapid economic growth, which of the
following often follows?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1) I only
(2) II only
(3) III only
Rapid urbanization
Development of agricultural land
Decreases in air pollution
Dismantlement of the educational system
More than one of the above answers is correct.
(1) generalist species
(2) k-selected organisms
(3) specialized species
(4) introduced species
(5) reptiles
22. Scientists believe that fish stocks in all of the following areas will
be highly vulnerable to climatic changes due to global warming
EXCEPT
I. is expected to decrease in the 21st century
II. is greatest in North America
III. is more inefficient in less-developed countries
(1) estuaries
(2) wetlands
(3) lakes
(4) I and II only
(5) II and III only
19. A particular downstream area suffers from a lack of nutrient-rich
silt. Which of the following could be the cause for this dearth? (4) open ocean
(5) coastal zone
23. Many organizations are trying to protect tropical rainforests from
destruction. Which of the following does NOT describe one such
reason for necessary protection of the land?
I. Uncontrolled flooding
II. A dam upstream
III. Destruction of inland wetlands
(1) I only
(2) II only
(3) III only
(4) I and III only
(5) I, II, and III
21. Forest fragmentation has the greatest impact upon
18. Agricultural water use
(1) I only
(2) II only
(3) III only
(5) water availability
(1) Plants and animals in tropical rain forests possess potential
chemicals to be used in the development of new medicines.
(2) Tropical rain forests naturally release methane, preventing
depletion of the atmosphere.
(3) Climate is stabilized because of tropical rainforests.
(4) Tropical rain forests provide fisheries with necessary
nutrients.
(5) Oxygen is produced by the plants in tropical rainforests.
(4) I and III only
(5) I, II, and III
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Name__________________
APES Practice Exam
Unit 6: Land & Water Use
24. Most wetland loss in the last few decades has been due to
(1) urban encroachment
(2) suburban development
(3) dredging
32. Wetland conservation is occurring in the areas around the United
States, as depicted by the dots on the map below.
(4) mining
(5) conversion to cropland
25. Forests provide which of the following?
I. Fuel
II. Oxygen
III. Habitat
(1) I only
(2) II only
(3) III only
(4) I and III
(5) I, II, and III
Which of the following statements is not accurate regarding
wetlands?
26. Freshwater is most commonly used for
(1) drinking
(2) xeriscaping
(3) landscaping
(1) Wetland destruction occurs due to conversion of land to farms.
(2) Most of the wetlands in the United States are found in
Louisiana.
(3) Pollution is not a cause of wetland destruction.
(4) Wetland destruction occurs due to conversion of land to urban
areas.
(5) Wetlands are areas covered by water and provide the proper
environment for plant growth.
(4) farming
(5) industry
27. Clearcutting is
I. preferred by few timber companies worldwide
II. more damaging than shelter-wood cutting
III. illegal in the United States
(1) I only
(2) II only
(3) III only
33. Which of the following are ways in which humans increase flood
damage? (4) I and II only
(5) I and III only
I. Planting vegetation on hillsides
II. Draining wetlands that absorb floodwaters
III. Living on floodplains
28. Advantages of building dams include all of the following EXCEPT
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
cheap electricity
year round irrigation
reduced downstream flooding
reservoir for recreation
reduced water loss through evaporation
(1) I only
(2) II and III only
(3) I and II only
34. Wilderness is technically distinguished from parks in that
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
29. Most desalination plants are located in
(1) Europe
(2) North America
(3) Asia
(4) the Middle East
(5) Oceania
30. Which of the following leads to more erosion and is itself increased
by additional erosion (i.e. is a positive feedback process)?
(1) Deforestation, reducing firewood and forcing poor farmers to
use crop residue and manure for fuel
(2) Increased irrigation of farmland with new irrigation systems
in developed countries, leading to salinized soil
(3) Massive amounts of herbicide spraying on farmland, causing
increased leaching of nutrients
(4) Surface mining without land reclamation, leaving soil
exposed to the atmosphere
(5) Soil compaction from farm machinery and livestock all across
the world
it is a refuge for endangered species
it is undisturbed by people
it must be set aside by acts of Congress
it may be used for regulated forestry
it cannot be used for recreation
35. A forest that has large numbers of standing dead trees and fallen
logs, providing habitats for large numbers of species is known as a
(1) old-growth forest
(4) new growth forest
(2) primary growth forest
(5) tertiary growth forest
(3) secondary growth forest
36. Which of the following statements is false regarding oceans and
fisheries?
31. The first national park in the United States was
(1) Death Valley
(2) Yellowstone
(3) Bear Creek
(4) I and III only
(5) I, II, and III
(4) Yosemite
(5) Bryce Canyon
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(1) Oceans provide an unlimited supply of food.
(2) Fish population size is decreasing.
(3) Approximately seventy percent of caught fish are used for
human consumption.
(4) Fish population size is a good indicator or the status of our
environment.
(5) In North America, the largest volume of fish caught occurred
in the mid-latitude region.
Name__________________
APES Practice Exam
Unit 6: Land & Water Use
37. The majority of freshwater used in industrial processes is used to
(1) heat nuclear reactors
(2) cool nuclear reactors
(3) insulate power plants
(4) cool power plants
(5) supply drinking water
38. All of the following have been suggested as methods for reducing
wastewater in irrigation EXCEPT
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
leveling fields with lasers
lining irrigation ditches with concrete
using polyculture
irrigating with treated urban wastewater
providing farmers with access to freshwater commons
39. The Middle East, whose countries have some of the highest
population growth rates in the world, has been an area of war and
conflict in recent times. Which new issue is likely to overshadow
other issues in causing disputes in the future?
(1) oil supply
(2) fresh water supply
(3) religious differences
(4) ethnic differences
(5) terrorism
40. Which of the following is FALSE about wetlands?
(1) Wetlands are currently considered as wastelands and are
destroyed to provide land for agriculture and development.
(2) Wetlands are among the richest of biomes.
(3) Wetlands can range from marshes to swamps to bogs.
(4) Wetlands provide water-storage basins to reduce the intensity
of flooding.
(5) Wetlands support a diverse community of invertebrates,
which support a wide variety of birds.
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Name__________________
APES Practice Exam
Unit 6: Land & Water Use
41. The thriving town of Eduwaria was built on highly valued floodplain land. However, Eduwaria has suffered severely from
flooding, losing millions of dollars each year. In an attempt to stop the flooding, Eduwaria has built a dam upstream of the river
that normally drains into these floodplains. Below is shown a diagram of Eduwaria's dam and the surrounding area.
(a) Describe an advantage or disadvantage of building a dam corresponding to any two regions labeled in the diagram
of Eduwaria's dam and the surrounding area. (b) Name one reason why people, farmers especially, are particularly eager to move to Eduwaria because of Eduwaria's
floodplain land. (c) List and explain TWO environmental effects of Eduwaria's settlement and elimination of the floodplains.
(d) Identify TWO methods of flood control (possibly including dams) and compare their usefulness.
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