PANIC 2015 PhoBiA Annual Nanophotonics International Conference 20-23 April 2015 Wrocław, Poland ©Copyright by Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wrocław 2015 Publication co-financed by Wrocław University of Technology and KNOW programme. Printed by Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław Tel./fax: (0-71) 328 29 40 www.oficyna.pwr.edu.pl ISBN 978-83-7493-886-0 Table of contents I. Committees II. Sponsors and coorganizers III. Programme IV. Abstracts V. Posters VI. Maps VII. Index of presenting authors 1 3 9 13 21 57 97 101 2 I. Committees 3 4 The conference will be held under the patronage of: Prof. dr hab. inż. Andrzej Trochimczuk – Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry Dr hab. Marian Hotloś – Dean of the Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Honorary and Scientific committee: Prof. Marek Samoć - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Prof. Jan Misiewicz - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Dr Katarzyna Matczyszyn - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Dr Marcin Nyk - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Dr Joanna Olesiak-Bańska - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Dr Mateusz Bański - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Prof. Keitaro Nakatani - ENS de Cachan, FRANCE Prof. Nicolas Joly - Max-Planck Institute, Erlangen, GERMANY Prof. Malcolm Buckle - ENS de Cachan, FRANCE Prof. Sven Hoefling - Universität Würzburg, GERMANY Prof. Paweł Machnikowski - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Dr Piotr Młynarz - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Dr Artur Podhorodecki - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Dr Neil Robertson - The University of Edinburgh, UK Dr Grzegorz Sęk - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND Prof. Kishan Dholakia - University of St Andrews, UK Prof. José Garcia Solé - Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, SPAIN Dr Claude Nogues - ENS de Cachan, FRANCE Dr Grzegorz Cywiński - UNIPRESS, POLAND Dr Maciej Dems - Łódź University of Technology, POLAND Dr Grzegorz Dariusz Sulka - Jagiellonian University, Kraków, POLAND Dr Marek Grzelczak - Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials-CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, SPAIN 5 Dr Peter Zijlstra - Molecular Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, NEDERLAND Dr Marcin Motyka - Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructure, Wroclaw, POLAND Prof. Lucyna Firlej - Universite Montpellier II, Montpellier, FRANCE Prof. Stephane Parola - Functional Materials and Photonics, Ecole Normale Superieure of Lyon, Lyon, FRANCE Prof. Chantal Andraud - The Chemistry Laboratory, Ecole Normale Superieure of Lyon, Lyon, FRANCE Dr Krzysztof Janus - Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, POLAND Prof. Bogdan Kuchta - Universite Aix-Marseille, Marseille, FRANCE Prof. Mark Humphrey - Australian National University, Canberra, AUSTRALIA 6 Organizers committee – the members of PhoBiA association: Dr. Katarzyna Matczyszyn - association tutor Dr. Mateusz Bański - association tutor Joanna Olesiak-Bańska - association tutor Karolina Kinastowska - president Adam Szukalski - vice-president Magdalena Waszkielewicz - treasurer Katarzyna Brach - secretary Radoslaw Deska - webmaster Marianna Chmiel Marco Deiana Klaudia Dradrach Marta Gordel Konrad Jakubowski Izabella Jasyk Joanna Jaworska Magdalena Klekotko Radoslaw Kołkowski Leszek Mazur Joanna Michalska Oktawia Pałczyńska Paulina Sikora Joanna Sobska Janusz Szeremeta Dominika Wawrzyńczyk Malgorzata Wielgus Jan Zaręba Joanna Noga 7 8 II. Sponsors and coorganizers 9 10 Sponsors 11 Coorganizers Wrocław University of Technology Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Faculty of Chemistry L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy 12 III. Programme 13 14 15 Monday 20 April 2015 Session I Chairman: Mateusz Bański 12:00 – 12:15 Official opening ceremony 12:15 – 12:30 Ewelina Wlaźlak - Photoelectrochemical Characterization of Tin(IV) Iodide Complexes Elisa Hemmig - Ionic Conductivity, Structural Deformation, and Programmable Anisotropy of DNA Origami in Electric Field Marcin Surówka - Transition metal-modified TiO2 materials for photocatalytic water purification 12:30 – 12:45 12:45 – 13:00 13:00 – 14:30 Lunch time Session II Chairman: Leszek Mazur 14:30 – 14:45 14:45 – 15:00 15:00 – 15:15 Bartosz Kalota - Fluorescence and phosphorescence of lutetium(III) and gadolinium(III) porphyrins for the intraratiometric oxygen sensing Marcin Kobielusz - On oxygen activation at rutile- and anatase-TiO2 Anna Regiel-Futyra - Zinc oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as an efficient and biocompatible photoprotective agent 15:15 – 15:45 Coffee break 15:45 – 16:00 16:00 – 16:15 Wojciech Radosz - Local voids in polymer systems Andrzej Blachecki - Photoelectrochemistry of cadmium sulfide conductive polymers composites Kacper Pilarczyk - Information processing in optoelectronic devices based on modified wide-bandgap semiconductors 16:15 – 16:30 18:00 – 20:00 Sightseeing 16 Tuesday 21 April 2015 Session BioNam I Chairman: Katarzyna Matczyszyn 9:00 – 10:00 10:00 – 11:00 Isabelle Ledoux-Rak - Invited Lecture Luana Persano - Invited lecture 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break Session III Chairman: Dominika Wawrzyńczyk 11:30 – 12:15 Artur Bednarkiewicz - Invited Lecture: Nano engineering at nanoscale : the advantages of active-core-active-shell approach to design efficient up-converting nanoparticles 12:15 – 12:30 Mateusz Trochowski - Efficient titanium oxide(IV) materials modified with anthraquinone derivatives Kacper Parafiniuk - Tunable organic DFB laser Radosław Kołkowski - Chiral plasmonic meta-molecules for nonlinear optical watermark encryption 12:30 – 12:45 12:45 – 13:00 13:00 – 14:30 Lunch time 14:30 – 16:30 Poster session + Coffee break 17:00 – 20:00 Odra river cruise 17 Wednesday 22 April 2015 Session BioNam II Chairman: Marek Samoć 9:00 – 10:00 10:00 – 11:00 Robert Luxenhofer - Invited Lecture Isabelle Ledoux-Rak - Invited Lecture 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break Session IV Chairman: Marta Gordel 11:30 – 12:15 Tomasz Lipiński - Invited Lecture 12:15 – 12:30 Maciej Chrzanowski - CdSe-CdS core-shell and CdS:Zn nanocrystals synthesis and spectroscopic investigations Maciej Pieczarka - Investigation of the energetic structure of large self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots in the infrared spectral range Adam Szukalski - Third harmonic generation as nonlinear optical response in pyrazoline derivatives based systems 12:30 – 12:45 12:45 – 13:00 13:00 – 14:30 Lunch time Session V Chairman: Joanna Olesiak-Bańska 14:30 – 15:15 COMSOL – Thomas Englisch - COMSOL Multiphysics – one tool fits all 15:15 – 15:45 Coffee break 15:45 – 16:00 16:15 – 16:30 Michał Kawa - Effect of synthesis conditions on the structure of graphene oxide surface Wioletta Trzpil - Synthesis of fluoride nanocrystals doped with Eu3+ with potential application as nanolabels, structural and spectroscopic characterization Maciej Bieniek - Two-dimensional topological insulator quantum dots 19:00 – 24:00 Conference dinner (Inspiracja Restaurant) 16:00 – 16:15 18 Thursday 23 April 2015 Session BioNam III Chairman: Jarosław Myśliwiec 9:00 – 10:00 10:00 – 11:00 Luana Persano - Invited lecture Robert Luxenhofer - Invited Lecture 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break Session VI Chairman: Radosław Kołkowski 11:30 – 12:15 Teodor Gotszalk - Invited Lecture: Metrology in nanotechnology 12:15 – 12:30 Izabela Kondratowicz - Controlling the architecture of porous reduced graphene oxide xerogels Marco Deiana - Nucleic acid interaction of water-soluble azobenzene derivatives: synthesis, characterization and DNA binding Adam Mielnik-Pyszczorski - Influence of the strain distribution on non-radiative transitions in a quantum well-quantum dot system 12:30 – 12:45 12:45 – 13:00 13:00 – 14:30 Lunch time Session VII Chairman: Janusz Szeremeta 14:30 – 14:45 14:45 – 15:00 15:00 – 15:15 15:15 – 15:30 Klaudia Dradrach - Generation of photonic eddies in organic systems Joanna Noga - Behaviour of chiral and linear isomers of SingleComponent Phototropic Liquid Crystals in Holographic Grating Recording Magdalena Waszkielewicz - Chirality and luminescence of gold nanoclusters Closing 19 20 IV. Abstracts 21 22 Monday 20.04.2015 23 24 Photoelectrochemical Characterization of Tin(IV) Iodide Complexes Ewelina Wlaźlak1, Wojciech Macyk1, Konrad Szaciłowski2 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland 2 Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland Abstract Tin tetraiodide was mentioned in literature for the first time in 1923 [1]. Since then the topic of SnI4 properties has been discussed in several papers, mostly in 60-80’s. Although, a few complexes of [SnI4L2] type were mentioned, none of them was considered in the field of optoelectronics or photovoltaics, which starts to be dominated by perovskites. Semiconducting organic and molecular compounds attract attention due to the possibility of modulation of their chemical and physical properties, by simple structural modifications. In these studies a series of compounds based on tin(IV) iodide (1 - [((C6H5)3PO)2SnI4], 2 - [((C6H5)2SO]2SnI4], 3 [(C5H5NO)2SnI4] have been synthesized and characterised. Fig. 1. The crystal structure of [((C6H5)2SO)2SnI4] Prepared compounds in crystalline form, solution and as thin layers were characterized by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, NMR spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, chrono-amperometry, Kelvin probe spectroscopy. The results show that tin(IV) iodide complexes are a novel group of semiconductors with possible application in optoelectronics or photovoltaics. Acknowledgements The work is a part of the “Surface engineering for control of primary processes at irradiated semiconductors (SURPRISE)” project, realized within the IDEAS PLUS program supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant No. 0003/ID3/2012/62). References [1] R. G. Dickinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1923, 45, 958–962 25 Ionic Conductivity, Structural Deformation, and Programmable Anisotropy of DNA Origami in Electric Field Chen-Yu Li1, Elisa A. Hemmig2, Jinglin Kong2, Jejoong Yoo3, Silvia Hernàndez-Ainsa2, Ulrich F. Keyser2, and Aleksei Aksimentiev4 1Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States, 2 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K., 3 Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States, and 4Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States Abstract The DNA origami technique can enable functionalisation of inorganic structures for single-molecule electric current recordings.1,2 Experiments have shown that several layers of DNA molecules, a DNA origami plate, placed on top of a solid-state nanopore is permeable to ions.3 Here, we report a comprehensive characterisation of the ionic conductivity of DNA origami plates by means of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and nanocapillary electric current recordings. Using the MD method, we characterise the ionic conductivity of several origami constructs, revealing the local distribution of ions, the distribution of the electrostatic potential and contribution of different molecular species to the current. The simulations determine the dependence of the ionic conductivity on the applied voltage, the number of DNA layers, the nucleotide content and the lattice type of the plates. We demonstrate that increasing the concentration of Mg2+ ions makes the origami plates more compact, reducing their conductivity. The conductance of a DNA origami plate on top of a solid-state nanopore is determined by the two competing effects: bending of the DNA origami plate that reduces the current and separation of the DNA origami layers that increases the current. The latter is produced by the electroosmotic flow and is reversible at the time scale of a hundred nanoseconds. The conductance of a DNA origami object is found to depend on its orientation, reaching maximum when the electric field aligns with the direction of the DNA helices. Our work demonstrates feasibility of programming the electrical properties of a self-assembled nanoscale object using DNA. References [1] P. Rothemund. Nature 440, 297-302 (2006) [2] N. A. W. Bell et al., Nano Letters 12 (1), 512-517 (2012) [3] C.-Y. Li, E. A. Hemmig et al., ACS Nano, 9 (2), 1420-1433 (2015) 26 Transition metal-modified TiO2 materials for photocatalytic water purification Marcin Surówka1, Marcin Kobielusz1, Sabina Ożóg1, Marta Buchalska1, Paweł Broś1, Wojciech Macyk1 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland Abstract Titanium dioxide has been considered as a valuable material for decades [1]. The overwhelming interest in this stable, non-toxic and cheap compound arises from its photoproperties. It has found applications in tinctorial and cosmetic industries as well as in photovoltaics and heterogeneous photocatalysis either to synthetize or degrade (mostly) organic compounds [2]. In the presented study we have synthesized doped titanium dioxide-based photocatalytic materials (fig. 1.) The doping agents were oxides and salts of selected transition metals (Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ce, W, V). After calcination at different temperatures, we characterized the materials by means of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemical, photoelectrochemical and powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The goal of our study is to obtain the most photoactive materials in the processes of degradation Fig. 1. Scheme of the synthesis of the of two model herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic doped titanium dioxide-based materials. acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). These compounds are used to destroy weeds in cereal crops plantations [3]. Good solubility in water makes them easy in use, but this feature also generates a risk to aquatic organisms. The problem related to the removal of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T from aqueous environment is the formation of intermediates like chlorophenol and chorobenzene derivatives, which can be even more harmful than herbicides themselves . Therefore, a complete mineralization of pollutants should be achieved. Detailed results of material characteristics and their photocatalytic activity will be presented and discussed. Acknowledgements This work has been supported by the EU-FP7 within the project “4G-PHOTOCAT” (grant No. 309636), co-financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Project No. W13/7.PR/2013). References [1] A. Fujishima, T.N. Rao, D.A. Tryk, Titanium dioxide photocatalysis, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev. 1 (2000) 1–21. [2] O. Carp, C.L. Huisman, A. Reller, Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide, Prog. Solid State Chem. 32 (2004) 33–177. doi:10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2004.08.001. [3] H.K. Singh, M. Muneer, Photodegradation of a herbicide derivative , 2 ,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid in aqueous, Res. Chem. Intermed. 30 (2004) 317–329. 27 Fluorescence and phosphorescence of lutetium(III) and gadolinium(III) porphyrins for the intraratiometric oxygen sensing Bartosz Kalota1,* Mikhail Tsvirko1 1 Jan Długosz University, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; * e-mail: [email protected] To the best of our knowledge, the pioneer utilization of phosphorescence of Ln(III) porphyrins in luminescence-based oxygen sensing has been reported by Vanderkooi et al. [1] in 1987. In the early 1990s, it was stated that Lu(III) and Gd(III) porphyrins provide a good basis for the construction of luminescent materials (due to efficient phosphorescence of the complexes) [2]. Later on, this statement was confirmed by researchers investigated luminescence properties of oxygen sensitive sensor materials based on Lu(III) and Gd(III) porphyrins incorporated into polymeric matrices [3]. The examined (by us) Lu(III) and Gd(III) porphyrins in solutions at 25°C and at -196°C produce a red-colored S 1→S0 fluorescence, which quantum yield is in the order of 0.1%, and a near-infrared T1→S0 phosphorescence with quantum yield of up to 12.4%. A simultaneous observation of fluorescence (which is independent on oxygen and temperature, being an internal standard) and oxygen sensitive phosphorescence emitted by the same complex enables an utilization of Lu(III) and Gd(III) porphyrins in the intraratiometric luminescence intensity-based oxygen sensing. Lu(III) porphyrins seem to be more suitable for low oxygen concentration measurements due to higher oxygen sensitivity of their phosphorescence than that of Gd(III) porphyrins. On the other hand, phosphorescence of the Gd(III) complexes could determine the oxygen better in high oxygen concentrations. Acknowledgements The studies could be performed thanks to the kind cooperation of Professor Konstantin N. Solovyov, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Fig. 1. Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of Lu-TBP and Belarus, for ability of the metalloporphyrins Gd-TBP (tetrabenzoporphyrin ‒ TBP) in a mixture of EtOH and utilization. DMF (95:5, v/v) (10-6 M) at 25°C under ambient conditions (blue line), at 25°C after partly degassing (black line), and at -196°C (red line). [1] J.M. Vanderkooi et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5476 (1987). [2] V.E. Pyatosin et al., Opt. Spektrosk. 70, 379 (1991). [3] a) G.E. Khalil et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 435, 45 (2007); b) E.G. Ermolina et al., Macroheterocycles 6, 158 (2013); c) E.G. Ermolina et al., Dyes & Pigments 97, 209 (2013). 28 On oxygen activation at rutile - and anatase - TiO2 Marcin Kobielusz1, Marta Buchalska1, Anna Matuszek 2, Michał Pacia1, Szymon Wojtyła1, Wojciech Macyk1 1 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand Abstract Rutile form of titanium dioxide (r-TiO2) usually shows a lower photocatalytic activity when compared to anatase-TiO2 (a-TiO2). Nevertheless, there are numerous examples of an unexpectedly high activity of r-TiO2 [1]. This material may appear particularly useful when a non-complete and selective photocatalytic oxidation of organic substrates is required [2]. Basing on literature examples and our own studies we compare the photocatalytic activities of r-TiO2, a-TiO2 and r-TiO2/a-TiO2 composites. Due to a significantly better oxygen adsorption at the surface of r-TiO 2 and a lower redox potential of its conduction band edge, a more efficient O2•– production takes place at the surface of rutile. As a Fig.1. The energy diagram close to the consequence, also generation of 1O2 (involving conduction band edges of a-TiO2, r-TiO2 and oxidation of superoxide) and reduction of H2O2 to OH• are favored at this material. Therefore P25. r-TiO2 can be considered as a particularly good photocatalyst for activation of molecular oxygen. On the other hand, a-TiO 2 appears a stronger oxidant. In its presence a more efficient OH• generation (as the result of water or surface hydroxyl groups oxidation) and H2O2 oxidation to O2•– are observed [3]. Acknowledgements The studies were realized within the „Activation of small molecules in photocatalytic systems” project of TEAM program supported by the Foundation for Polish Science, co-financed by European Union, Regional Development Fund. References [1] M. Matsushita, T. H. Tran, A. Y. Nosaka, Y. Nosaka, Catal. Today 120, 240-244 (2007). [2] X. B. Pang, C. C. Chen, H. W. Ji, Y. K. Che, W. H. Ma, J. C. Zhao, Molecules 19, 16291-16311 (2014). [3] M. Buchalska, M. Kobielusz, A. Matuszek, M. Pacia, S. Wojtyła, W. Macyk, Chem. Eur. J. submitted 29 Zinc oxide - chitosan nanocomposites as an efficient and biocompatible photoprotective agent Anna Regiel-Futyra1, Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz2, Szymon Wojtyła1, Grażyna Stochel1, Wojciech Macyk1 1 Photocatalysis Team, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland 2 Faculty of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Centre for Applied and Fundamental Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Sokołowska 26, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland. Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) is the main component of several suntan lotions. Its main task is ultraviolet irradiation absorption, reflection and refraction. However, the UV light absorption and resulting photoactivation is responsible for the highly oxidizing, cytotoxic Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation. Another major concern resulting from topical application of nanoparticulated ZnO is skin penetration . In order to minimize the photoactivity of semiconducting materials several approaches are being developed. Present studies concern nanocomposite materials with blanked photoactivity based on zinc nanoparticles, surface-modified with chitosan. Commercially available zinc oxide nanoparticles were surface modified with natural biopolymer, chitosan, by ionotropic gelation technique (Fig. 1). Obtained materials maintained the UV light absorption ability, while the photocatalytic activity towards selected substrates was totally blanked. Moreover, materials exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Importantly, lack of cytotoxic effect against human keratinocytes (HaCaT) was confirmed. Presented materials resolve the problem of risks associated with semiconductor nanoparticles application in sunscreen formulations. Polymeric coating allows the absorption of UV irradiation but also provides a photo-protection. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank IDEAS PLUS project (grant No. IdP2012000362) for providing financial support to this project. References [1] Buchalska, M.; Kras, G.; Oszajca, M.; Łasocha, W.; Macyk, W., J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 213, 2-3 (2010). [2] Cross, S. E.; Innes, B.; Roberts, M. S.; Tsuzuki, T.; Robertson, T. A.; McCormick, P., Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 20, 3 (2007). 30 Local voids in polymer systems Wojciech Radosz1, Grzegorz Pawlik1, Antoni C. Mituś1 1 Group of modelling of structural phenomena in soft matter, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland Abstract During the experimental studies on the dynamics of holographic inscription of gratings in DR1:DNA-CTMA thin films [1], the temporal pattern of evolution of diffraction efficiency turned out to be very complex. Trials of reproducing the data via simple fitting have failed. This complex behavior might cause big differences in temporal scales. This, from the other hand, is closely related to inhomogeneities of local free volume in the microscale. Some leads might be found using computer (Monte Carlo) simulations. Fig.1. Snapshot polymer system (left) [1] and method for evaluation of void parameter value in each cell is based on amount of free space nearby (right). [2] Through Monte Carlo simulations using bond fluctuation method [3] we attempt to describe local free volume of the polymer system in the microscale. Description of the model and system’s preparation will introduce into local parameter definition. Approaches from literature will be compared with the one we have applied. References [1] G. Pawlik, W. Radosz, A. C. Mitus, J. Myśliwiec, A. Miniewicz, F. Kajzar, and I. Rau, Cent. Eur. J. Chem. RICCCE 18 (2014). [2] G. Pawlik, A.C. Mitus, A. Miniewicz, and F. Kajzar, J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 13, 481-489 (2004), Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 416, 113-126 (2004). [3] I. Carmesin, K. Kremer, Macromolecules 21, 2819 (1981). 31 Photoelectrochemistry of cadmium sulfide - conductive polymers composites Andrzej Blachecki1, Ela Grudzińska2, Konrad Szaciłowski1,2,3 1 Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland 3 Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland Abstract Nowadays, the energy consumption is constantly rising. Solar energy conversion can be the answer for that problem. Unfortunately commercial solar cells are expensive because of material costs and/or complex manufacturing technology. Presented cadmium sulfide composites are cheap materials which can create alternative for the construction of novel solar cells. Pure cadmium sulfide generate photocurrents of low intensity. The addition of conducting polymer increase this photocurrents. Conductive polymers were obtained[1] from aromatic amines: benzidine, diphenylamine, aniline, m-toluidine, 3,5-dimethylaniline in the process of chemical polymerization in 1 M HCl and as oxidation agent ammonium persulfate was used. After each polymerization reaction, the presence of polymer was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The composites were obtained by mixing cadmium sulfide powder with the polymer solution and subsequent evaporation of the solvent (N,N'-dimethylformamide). A series of poly benzidine composites with various amount of polymer were prepared to test influence of polymer content on the composite properties. Other polymer composites contain one percent of the mass of polymer. References [1] J. Stejskal, IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, 857 (2002). 32 Information processing in optoelectronic devices based on modified widebandgap semiconductors Kacper Pilarczyk1,2, A. Podborska3, M. Lis3, M. Kawa3, M. Warzecha4, M. Oszajca5, D. Migdal3 and K. Szaciłowski2,3 1 Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, 3 Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland 4 Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK 5 Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland 2 Abstract The search for new information processing devices based on the molecular electronics and other non-classical systems contributed to the development of alternative approaches in the design and application of new materials. These research efforts drew several different paths leading to the studies on molecular logic gates, biochemical sensors, neuromimetic devices, etc. One of the most promising group of materials considered for the construction of novel information processing systems are wide-bandgap semiconductors, which photoelectrochemical properties are tuned by the addition of various organic compounds and their supramolecular assemblies. The use of carbon nanostructures in the role of suitable modifiers is also gaining a lot of interest. The presented research concentrate on the use of such hybrid materials (i.e. wide-bandgap semiconductors modified with both molecular species and carbon nanostructures) in devices capable of sophisticated information processing. We show the system based on the cyanocarbon-modified TiO 2, which realise three-valued logic accept anything and consensus operations. On the other hand, we describe the photocurrent response of an electrode, exhibiting an abnormal photoelectrochemical photocurrent switching effect, which can be interpreted as a ternary exclusive-or logic gate. Finally, we discuss the applicability of some hybrid materials in the construction of optoelectronic elements exhibiting synaptic behaviour. Fig. 1. The photocurrent direction switching in the cyanocarbon-TiO2 material employed in the construction of ternary logic gates (left) and synapselike response of the MWCNTs-CdS system (right). References [1] Z. Ren, J. Zhang, F. X. Xiao, G. J. Xiao, Mater. Chem. A, 2, 5330 (2014) [2] I. V. Lightcap, P. V. Kamat, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 7109 (2012) [3] M. Warzecha, M. Oszajca, K. Pilarczyk, K. Szaciłowski, Chem. Commun. 51, 3559 (2015) Acknowledgments: Financial support from the National Science Centre (grant no. UMO-2011/03/B/ST5/01495 and UMO 2013/11/D/ST5/03010) and the Foundation for Polish Science (grant no. 71/UD/SKILLS/2014 carried-out within the INTER programme, co-financed from the European Union within the European Social Fund) is gratefully acknowledged. 33 Tuesday 21.04.2015 34 Invited Lecture - BioNaM Functional polymer nanofibers Luana Persano1, Andrea Camposeo1, Dario Pisignano1,2 1 ECMT, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Arnesano I-73100 Lecce, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” Università del Salento, via Arnesano I-73100 Lecce, Italy 1D nanostructuring of organic materials is gaining continuous research interest, and polymer nanofibers, as building blocks of complex architectures, can lead to advances in many fields including photonics and electronics. In particular, electrospun polymer nanofibers exhibit smart physico-chemical properties, with a large variety of possible applications. The interest on this class of materials mainly relies on their peculiar high surface to volume ratio, large area coverage, and availability of low-cost production technologies. In particular, the electrospinning method, which is based on the uniaxial elongation of a jet from the surface of a charged polymer solution in presence of an intense electric field, is a versatile and high-throughput technique enabling the fabrication of fully organic, inorganic and hybrid nanofibers. Properly designed functional nanofibers capable of sensing, storing and converting energy have been demonstrated. Mechanical flexibility, ease of processing, good chemical resistance and large sensitive areas are some of the properties associated to such novel materials. This in turn enables the exploitation of deformations induced by small forces through pressure, mechanical vibration, elongation/compression, as natural sources of power. Other interesting perspectives for devices in nanophotonics have been opened by the enhanced optical properties of electrospun nanofibers. Light-emitting polymer nanofibers can be building blocks of miniaturized integrated photonic systems, where a single fiber can work as either incoherent or coherent source, and waveguide. In addition, by exploiting the peculiar nanofiber geometry, novel geometries are to be demonstrated for organic lasers based on single nanofibers and on their ensembles. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n. 306357 (ERC Starting Grant NANO-JETS). References [1] L. Persano et al. Nat. Commun. 4, 1633 (2013). [2] L. Persano et al. Advanced Materials 26, 7574 (2014). [3] L. Persano et al. Prog. Polym. Sci. 43, 48 (2015). 35 Invited Lecture Nano engineering at nanoscale : the advantages of active-core-active-shell approach to design efficient up-converting nanoparticles Artur Bednarkiewicz1 1Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Science, Okolna 2, 50422 Wrocław, Poland, e-mail: [email protected], tel. +48 71 3954 166, Wrocław Research Centre EIT+, ul.Stablowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław Intentional design and engineering of photoluminescent properties of materials is currently at the forefront of basic research and technology innovation. The materials (especially nanoparticles), which are capable to (up)convert light between spectral regions in predictable manner are of great interest not only for various biological applications, but also for photovoltaics, photo-switching devices or optical sensors construction. Going down with the size of such upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), the quantum yield drops dramatically, and reaches 0.005% for nanoparticles with average size 810 nm as compared to 0.3 and 3% for larger NPs (for NP’s with average size 100nm and more) and bulk crystals. These parasitic quenching processes may be however diminished by deposition of passivating shell on the core nanoparticles. The passivation is not the only function the shell may play and designing active-core@active-shell NPs may lead to improved absorption cross section, increased emission intensity, colour tunability etc. Another important advantage of using active-core@active-shell approach comes from the ability to spatially separate different dopant ions, and thus eliminate parasitic internal cross-relaxation processes, which allowed obtaining up-convertion with Nd 3+ sensitizers within novel Energy Migration Mediated Up-conversion (EMU) mechanism. The major motivation for the lecture will be to underline the importance of intentional design of luminescent nanomaterials for biomedical purposes. This will be provided based on experimental proofs, qualitative and quantitative studies on the influence of doping configuration and active-core@active-shell UCNPs chemical architecture on the up-conversion properties of β-NaYF4 NPs. We used β-NaYF4 host, due to its well-known optimal phonon cut-off frequency, doped with the Ho 3+ and Yb3+ ions or Tb3+ and Nd3+/Yb3+, where core and shell were individually and independently doped with different combination of ions. The expected structure and morphology of the obtained β-NaYF4 core @ β-NaYF4 shell NPs have been confirmed by TEM and XRD measurements. The measured up-converting properties, such as luminescence spectra, power dependent absolute quantum yield of up-conversion and power dependent luminescence spectra, as well as luminescence decay times under Stokes and anti-Stokes pulsed excitation, let us draw the conclusions on the importance of the UCNPs compositional architecture on the possibility to intentionally design the optical properties of UCNPs. These enhanced materials may find numerous interesting applications in biomedical field, starting from novel designs of biosensors up to novel theranostic tools. 36 Efficient titanium oxide(IV) materials modified with anthraquinone derivatives Mateusz Trochowski1, Kinga Szatkowska1, Marta Buchalska1, Wojciech Macyk1 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków Abstract Photocatalytic materials based on titanium dioxide are widely used in many types of photoreactions. Availability, small toxicity and low costs are benefits of using these compounds. Unfortunately, the majority of these processes need UV-light radiation to obtain high yields. To avoid these problems, the activity of TiO2 materials can be expanded to visible light. Surface engineering based on deposition of organic compounds with donor bonding groups is one of the ways to achieve it. Previous studies confirm that aromatic compounds with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups can bind to TiO2 surface efficiently, forming surface complexes that absorb visible light due to charge transfer absorption band extending from UV to visible light [1,2]. Anthraquinone derivatives deposited at TiO2 form an interesting type of photoactive materials. These systems consist of organic chromophores bound to the semiconductor Fig. Hydroxyterephthalic acid generation under surface through the oxygen atoms of hydroxyl Vis-light radiation (420 nm cut-off, pH = 12). or carboxyl group. The bond between the chromophore and the titanium atom at the semiconductor surface shows a strong covalent character which makes the material stable [3]. Performed photoactivity test shows that reactive oxygen species can be formed at the surface of modified TiO2 [4]. We compared the activity of antraquinone modified TiO 2 and materials modified with small organic and inorganic compounds upon visible-light irradiation. The anthraquinone materials show a better photoactivity (Fig.) and photostability. All obtained materials have also been examined towards the photocurrent generation. Detailed results of these studies will be presented and discussed. Acknowledgements The support from Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the IDEAS PLUS project (grant no 0003.ID.2012.62) is highly acknowledged. References [1] W. Macyk, K. Szaciłowski, G. Stochel, M. Buchalska, J. Kuncewicz, P. Łabuz, Coord. Chem. Rev. 254, 2687 (2010). [2] K. Szaciłowski, M.A. Grela, J. Mech, Dyes and Pigments, 103, 202-213(2014). [3] J. Mech, K. Szaciłowski, Arch Metall Mater, 58 (I), 269-273(2013) [4] K. Szaciłowski, W. Macyk, A. Drzewiecka-Matuszek, M. Brindell, G. Stochel, Chem. Rev. 105, 2647 (2005). 37 Tunable organic DFB laser Kacper Parafiniuk1, Lech Sznitko1, Jaroslaw Myśliwiec1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Here we report on the realization of the distributed feedback (DFB) laser in simple organic dye-doped polymeric layer, showing also random lasing (RL) phenomenon without DFB structure inscribed (Fig. 1). The luminescent compound 3-(1,1-dicyanoethenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5dihydro-1H-pyrazole (DCNP) nonlinear optical dye was dispersed in the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host matrix deposited onto glass substrate. Different sizes crystals of the dye appear spontaneously in a bulk of the planar waveguide during slow solvent evaporation process while sample preparation. Because stimulated emission occurs from DCNP crystals [1], aggregates of the luminescent compound (micro- and nano-crystals) support both random feedback as well as gain in the system [2]. Distributed feedback resonator was introduced using optical system based on degenerated two wave mixing of pumping beams coming from the doubled in frequency Nd:YAG (532 nm) Fig.1. RL profile and DFB lasing spectra pulsed laser. Beams create in the sample volume after irradiation by two interfering beams. an interference pattern causing the formation of temporary and fully reversible, two-dimensional population diffraction grating which fulfils the Bragg conditions for light amplification. Period of the pattern, gain coefficient and refractive index modulation, can be easily changed by changing the angle of intersection between beams, what in result lead to a possibility of tuning the DFB lasing wavelength in a real time. Due to the presence of two neighboring DCNP stimulated emission bands, that can be treated as incoherent RL, the tuning can be done in long range of about 65 nm. Finally there is a prospect for expand the spectral range of tuning by adding into the system another dye that can form with the DCNP a couple for energy transfer process. Preliminary experimental results of such approach utilizing Nile Blue dye are also shown in the present work. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Polish National Science Centre for grant no. DEC-2013/09/D/ST4/03780 and Wrocław University of Technology for financial support. References [1] O. Morawski, A. L. Sobolewski, B. Kozankiewicz, L. Sznitko, and A. Miniewicz, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 26887 (2014). [2] L. Sznitko, K. Cyprych, A. Szukalski, A. Miniewicz, and J. Myśliwiec, Proc. SPIE 8983, 89830V (2014). 38 Chiral plasmonic meta-molecules for nonlinear optical watermark encryption Radosław Kołkowski1,2, Lucia Petti3, Massimo Rippa3, Clément Lafargue2, Joseph Zyss2,3 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, ul. Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France 3 Institute of Cybernetics of CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy Abstract Due to strong interactions with light, plasmonic nanostructures may exhibit enhancement of many diverse optical phenomena, such as circular dichroism. This phenomenon, also known as the chiroptical effect, can be further enhanced by switching from linear to nonlinear optical processes, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). We use circularly polarized nonlinear microscopy to investigate the backscattered SHG from chiral non-centrosymmetric gold nanostructures. Our samples are composed of triangular gold nano-prisms arranged into 2D chiral patterns over a glass substrate. Large chiroptical effects in SHG are observed in experiments and confirmed by numerical simulations [1]. Contrary to recently investigated nanomaterials, such as the super-chiral surfaces studied by Valev et al. [2], our nanostructures constitute independent sub-wavelength super-chiral nano-objects, which can be arranged to form microscopic watermarks, and efficiently read out using nonlinear microscopy setup. Figure 1. On the left: SEM image of the watermark composed of "left" and "right" enantiomers of a gold nanostructure; on the right: images obtained by means of SHG microscopy using right-handed (top) and left-handed (bottom) circularly polarized light for excitation. References [1] R. Kolkowski et al., “Octupolar plasmonic meta-molecules for nonlinear chiral watermarking at subwavelentgh scale”, submitted. [2] V. K. Valev et al., “Nonlinear Superchiral Meta-Surfaces: Tuning Chirality and Disentangling NonReciprocity at the Nanoscale”, Adv. Mater. 26(24), 4074–4081 (2014) 39 Wednesday 22.04.2015 40 CdSe-CdS core-shell and CdS:Zn nanocrystals synthesis and spectroscopic investigations Maciej Chrzanowski1, Mateusz Bański1, Artur Podhorodecki1, Jan Misiewicz1 1 Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław Abstract Colloidal quantum dots of the II-VI group emitting in whole visible light spectrum are in high interest due to their expansion in many optical applications including LEDs and solid state lightning, displays and photovoltaics. Their unique properties arising from possibility of precise control of their size, composition and energy gap are great advantage allowing to obtain narrow, tuneable emission. Bare core semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) such as CdS or CdSe emitting from blue to red can be easily and cheaply obtained, however their luminescent properties are strongly dependent on several factors such as surface ligand cover, solvent choice, storage atmosphere, defects and Auger process assisted non-radiative recombination pathways which are possible reasons of emission quantum yield quenching and makes their photoluminescence become unstable during excitation. These limitations can be easily overcome by shell growth on earlier prepared cores. Received nanostructures can exhibit different interesting properties depending on relative conduction and valence band alignment of the core and shell material. There is also another possibility to improve emission stability which is alloyed or doped nanocrystals synthesis. For CdS nanoparticles addition of Zn dopant turns out to makes luminescence perfectly stable. Moreover, these CdS:Zn nanocrystals cover blue and violet wavelengths range what is unreachable for CdSe based NCs. Fig.1. Absorption and In our approach, the CdSe-CdS core-shell semiconductor NCs photoluminescence spectra of have been synthesized by wet chemistry method. CdSe cores were CdSe seeds before (a) and after (b) prepared by hot injection technique resulting in narrow size CdS shell growth. distribution followed by slow infusion of sulphur precursor desired for CdSe shell growth. Three different surfactant agents were used: oleic acid (OA), oleylamine (OAm) and octanethiol. For CdS:Zn NCs with various Cd/Zn molar ratio heating-up procedure was applied. NCs will be characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as optical spectroscopy such as absorption (ABS), photoluminescence (PL), and time stability of PL. References [1] P. Reiss, M. Protière, L. Li, Small 5, 154 (2009) [2] D. Chen, F. Zhao, H. Qi, M. Rutherford, X. Peng, Chemistry of Materials 22, 1437 (2010). [3] O. Chen, J. Zhao, V. P. Chauhan, J. Cui, C. Wong, D. K. Harris, H. Wei, H.-S. Han, D. Fukumura, R. K. Jain, and M. G. Bawendi, “Compact high-quality CdSe–CdS core–shell nanocrystals with narrow emission linewidths and suppressed blinking,” Nat. Mater. 12, 5, 445–451 (2013) 41 Investigation of the energetic structure of large self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots in the infrared spectral range Maciej Pieczarka1, Aleksander Maryński1, Paweł Podemski1 Jan Misiewicz1, Grzegorz Sęk1 1 Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Low-indium content In0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) [1] constitute an unique kind of quasi-zero-dimensional nanostructures with an extraordinary large volume, beneficial for cavity QED [2], and in-plane shape asymmetry in comparison to well-studied epitaxial selfassembled InAs/GaAs QDs. The complexity and peculiar properties of this system have already been signalized, both theoretically and experimentally, indicating, e.g., the weak confinement regime [3] and low degree of linear polarization, of the order of few percent, observed in the surface emission (despite the distinct nanostructure in-plane asymmetry – lateral aspect ratio exceeding 2) [4]. There has also been reported the importance of quasi-zero-dimensional traps in the wetting layer for the dynamics of the entire system and its emission properties [5,6]. Regardless of the theoretical and experimental effort, there is still very limited knowledge on the detailed energy structure of such In 0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs self-assembled elongated QDs and the possible energy transfer processes between different parts of the system at the single nanoobject level. We probe the energetic structure of the system by means of µ-photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (µPLE) with sub-micrometer spatial resolution in the near infrared spectral range. Resonant energy transfer between the 2D density of states from the wetting layer to confined states in the dot has been detected. Correlation between the PLE signal intensity and the energy separation between the dot states and the wetting layer absorption edge has been evidenced. Energy transfer efficiency is explained via change of the dots’ optical oscillator strength and the influence of the energy dissipation in the transfer occurring with lager energy separation. Signatures of the resonant LO-phonon-assisted feeding of the excited states in the dot are detected and analyzed based on 8band k·p calculations, taking into account the realistic dot geometry, 3D strain distribution and piezoelectric field. In addition, the carrier localization in the wetting layer is investigated in temperature-dependent excitation experiment. We would like to thank A. Löffler, J.-P. Reithmaier, S. Höfling, M. Kamp, S. Reitzenstein from University of Würzburg for provision of the sample. M. P. would like to acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education project Diamond Grant no. DI2012 008642 References [1] A. Löffler, et al., J. Cryst. Growth 286, 6 (2006) [2] J. P. Reithmaier et.al., Nature 432, 197 (2004) [3] M. Pieczarka, et al., Acta Phys. Pol. A 124, 809 (2013) [4] A. Musiał, et al., Phys. Rev. B 90, 045430 (2014) [5] M. Syperek, et al., Phys. Rev. B 87, 125305 (2013) [6] Ł. Dusanowski, et al., J. Appl. Phys. 111, 063522 (2012) 42 Third harmonic generation as nonlinear optical response in pyrazoline derivatives based systems A. Szukalski1, K. Iliopoulos2,3, B. Sahraoui2, J. Myśliwiec1 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-320 Wrocław, Poland 2 Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France. 3 Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece Abstract Systems which possess an electron donating and accepting units – push-pull type of molecular systems, have attracted considerable attention in the few past decades, mainly because of the high optical nonlinearities due to the delocalized electronic cloud. 1,2 Moreover, as it has been shown before in literature, localization and also type of the electron donors (D) and acceptors (A) play the crucial role in the direction of their nonlinear optical (NLO) response. For this reason, the interest of the scientific community has been focused on the functionalization of molecular systems (especially the organic ones) which consist of D-A parts, in order to finally tune their NLO properties. In this work the third order nonlinear optical response of a series of pyrazoline derivatives has been experimentally investigated. All of the compounds have been prepared as the guest-host system in thin polymeric films. For the needs of this studie the third harmonic generation Maker fringes technique has been employed by using 30 ps laser pulse duration and 1064 nm excitation wavelength. A variety of push-pull group of pyrazoline derivatives has been studied in order to relate the structural properties and dye concentration with the optical nonlinearity. The experimental results demonstrate a high dependence between chemical structure and optical nonlinearity. This fact promotes this class of materials as promising candidates for photonics and optoelectronics applications, where the control of the molecular structure as a mean of tailoring the optical nonlinearities is crucial. References [1] H. El Ouazzani, K. Iliopoulos, M. Pranaitis, O. Krupka, V. Smokal, A. Kolendo, and B. Sahraoui, J. Phys. Chem. B 115, 1944 (2011). [2] I. Papagiannouli, K. Iliopoulos, D. Gindre, B. Sahraoui, O. Krupka, V. Smokal, A. Kolendo, and S. Couris, Chem. Phys. Lett. 554, 107 (2012). [3] I. Papagiannouli, A. Szukalski, K. Iliopoulos, J. Myśliwiec, S. Couris, B. Sahraoui, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. (sent to the journal). 43 COMSOL Multiphysics – one tool fits all Thomas Englisch1 1 Comsol Multiphysics GmbH, Robert-Gernhardt-Platz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany Abstract Users interested in simulations of physical systems have choice between several excellent single physics software solutions. Scientists and engineers, working in R&D departments in different industry branches and in research institutes, experience more and more the need to couple different physical aspects within one model. Our world is a multiphysical world in which different physical and chemical aspects have an impact on each other and have to be considered simultaneously in one mathematical model. This offers a modelling approach as close to reality as possible. And: By a multiphysical approach, the simulation results gain more accuracy. One simulation tool that allows modeling a huge amount of different multiphysical tasks delivers a lot of benefits to experienced users on the one side and to innovative entrepreneurs on the other side, who expect a high level of flexibility and intuitiveness while investing in complex software. COMSOL Multiphysics is modular built up simulation software based on Finite Elements Method where all underlying equations can be coupled with each other and solved simultaneously in mutual dependence on each other within one model. This way manifold and varied multiphysical simulation tasks can be simulated, as for instance tasks from the area of MEMS [1], Photonics [2], Bionanotechnology [3] and Optoelectronics [4]. This talk gives a short overview over the capabilities and benefits of COMSOL Multiphysics and introduces some simulation models from areas mentioned above as well as the needed COMSOL Modules [5]. References [1] http://www.comsol.com/papers/13944/ Rajalakshmi Engineering College, India, University of Central Florida, USA, (2012) [2] http://www.comsol.com/papers/5472/ Ostendo Technologies, Inc., USA (2008). [3] http://www.comsol.com/papers/12525/, Toyo University (2011) [4] http://www.comsol.com/papers/13409/ Technical University of Lodz, Poland (2012) [5] http://www.comsol.com/products 44 Effect of synthesis conditions on the structure of graphene oxide surface Michał Kawa1,2, Agnieszka Podborska1, Konrad Szaciłowski1,2 1 Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland 2 Abstract In the recent years graphene oxide (GO) has gained a lot of interest from the scientific community. It is believed that this material will have a wide range of applications in the areas such as: optoelectronics, molecular electronics and biomedical engineering [1]. Moreover, hybrid materials based on graphene oxide and wide band gap semiconductors exhibit some interesting memory effects [2]. It gives the opportunity to use these materials in the construction of neuromimetic devices and more advanced information processing circuits. The basic method of obtaining graphene oxide is the Hummers procedure published in 1958 [2]. Since then many modifications have been developed. By an appropriate choice of synthesis conditions graphene oxide can be obtained with different physicochemical properties. The most important to be mentioned are the size of GO flakes and the number of functional groups (such as hydroxyl, aldehyde, carboxylic) and the distance between individual planes. The synthesis of hybrid materials based on GO comes down to the formation of chemical bonds with other materials (for example with wide band gap semiconductors, phthalocyanines) by the oxygen functional groups Fig. 1. The edge of graphene located on the surface and on the edges of graphene oxide flake. flakes. Equally important parameter that influences this process on the graphene surface is the degree of corrugation. Using computational methods the shape of the graphene oxide flakes with arbitrarily selected functional groups located on the surface could be predicted. Acknowledgments Financial support from the National Science Centre (grant no. UMO-2011/03/B/ST5/01495 and UMO 2013/11/D/ST5/03010) and the Foundation for Polish Science (grant no. 71/UD/SKILLS/2014 carried-out within the INTER programme, co-financed from the European Union within the European Social Fund) is gratefully acknowledged. References [1] D. Chen, H. Feng, J. Li, Chem. Rev. 112, 6027-6053 (2012). [2] Y. V. Pershin, M. Di. Ventra, Adv. Phys. 60, 145-227 (2011). [3] W. S. Hummers, R. E. Offeman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958). 45 Synthesis of fluoride nanocrystals doped with Eu3+ with potential application as nanolabels, structural and spectroscopic characterization Wioletta Trzpil1, Mateusz Bański1, Jan Misiewicz1, Artur Podhorodecki1 1 Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland Abstract Nanocrystals NaYF4 doped with trivalent europium are characterized by interesting emission properties. In rare earth elements some induced electric dipole transition type are extremely sensitive to changes in the environment. Thus the emission obtained by using excitation at a certain wavelength of electromagnetic derived from trivalent europium ions, can provide information on the symmetry environment. During the research, the focus was on preparation of nanocrystals with luminescent properties based on the optically active ions Eu3+. The aim of the research was to obtain nanocrystals core / shell (NaYF4: Eu3+ (core) / NaGdF4 (shell)) with different molar concentration of ions Eu3+. Synthesis of the core and the passivating shell was made by using the wet chemistry method. In addition core-shell Fig.1. Visualization of the properties and potential use of structures can be used synthesized nanocrystals to enhance the optical properties of the final nanostructure, or can be used to integrate multiple functional applications. Optical and structure properties of nanocrystals NaYF4: Eu3+ and NaYF4: Eu3+/ NaYGdF4 were investigated separately and then the results were compared. References [1] Johnson N.J.J., Oakden W., Stanisz G.J., Prosser S.R. , van Veggel F.C.J.M., Chem. Mater. (2011) 23: 3714-3722 [2] Banski M., Afzaal M., Podhorodecki A., Misiewicz J., Abdelhady A.L., O’Brien P., J. Nanopart. Res. (2012) 14:1228. [3] Ghosh P., Patra A., J. Phys. Chem. C (2008) 112: 3223-3231 46 Two-dimensional topological insulator quantum dots Maciej Bieniek1, Paweł Potasz1, Arkadiusz Wójs1 1 Departament of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, wyb. Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract In the last decade field of topological states of matter has been enriched to a new class of systems called topological insulators, in which new effect named quantum spin Hall effect has been predicted and observed [1,2]. In such systems one observes topologically protected (insensitive to non-magnetic disorder) edge states, which carry quantized currents. Additional advantage is that these states are spin-polarized, which opens vast possibilities in using these systems in spintronics. Fig. 1 (left) Spectrum of quantum dot states for topologically trivial (M>0) and topologically non-trivial (M<0) insulators. E is the energy of states and m is the angular momentum. (right) Radial parts of dot states for topological insulator case (M>0) for m=5 for bulk (red, blue) and edge (black) states. The quantum spin Hall effect occurs in many materials, starting from graphene [3] (first system predicted), CdTe/HgTe/CdTe quantum wells [4,5] (first system confirmed experimentally), through many two-dimensional crystals, like bismuth and MoS2. In the following presentation results of parameter variations on states in HgCdTe quantum dots will be shown along with corresponding wavefunctions for a circular dot model using Bessel's functions basis. Effects of magnetic field and various potentials will also be considered. References [1] J. E. Moore, Nature 464, 194 (2010). [2] M. Z. Hasan, C. L. Kane, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045 (2010). [3] C. L. Kane and E. J. Mele, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 226801 (2005). [4] B. A. Bernevig, T. L. Hughes and S.-C. Zhang, Science 314, 1757 (2006). [5] M. König, S. Wiedmann, C. Brüne, A. Roth, H. Buhmann, L.W. Molenkamp, X.-L. Qi, and S.-C. Zhang, Science 318,766 (2007). 47 Thursday 23.04.2015 48 Invited Lecture Metrology in nanotechnology Teodor Gotszalk1 1 Nanometrology Division, Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Technology email: [email protected] Abstract Nanotechnology, as the scientific and technological discipline dealing with the design, fabrication and application of systems whose dimensions or tolerances are in the domain of nanometers, is becoming increasingly important in many industrial and scientific areas. The progress in Nanotechnology is directly connected with the progress in the Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. In general it can be described as a technology miniaturized electro-mechanical devices and structures that are fabricated using the modified semiconductor device fabrication techniques, normally used to manufacture integrated circuits (ICs). The critical physical dimensions of the MEMS devices, to which belong simple structures having no moving elements and extremely complex electromechanical systems with elements actuated and controlled by the integrated microelectronics, can vary from several microns to several millimeters. The MEMS usually integrate precise analogue electronics and microprocessors that process signals from the microsensors and control the operation performed by the microactuators. The MEMS technology requires not only application of modern microfabrication techniques but also thorough analysis of the system operation. It should be noted, that the analysis based on classical physics cannot often be used to describe and interpret the phenomena defining the functionality the MEMS device. At these scales of dimensions the large surface area to volume ratio of the MEMS devices, surface effects such as electrostatics, wetting, molecular adhesion, which includes chemical interactions, dominate volume effects such as inertia or thermal mass. In a natural way the MEMS technology merges at the nanoscale into Nano-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (NEMS) and nanotechnology. As to create in nanotechnology viable, commercial products, ultra-precision metrology is and will be required to stimulate and support scientific and technological progress. We refer this new metrology as “Nanometrology” (in other words Metrology of micro- and nanostructures). In our opinion the metrology done with/and MEMS and NEMS devices is the solution of many scientific technological issues. 49 Controlling the architecture of porous reduced graphene oxide xerogels Izabela Kondratowicz1, Kamila Żelechowska1, Wojciech Sadowski1 1 Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Technical University of Gdańsk, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-823 Gdańsk, POLAND, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The possibility to control the structure of porous carbonaceous materials opens up a route to create many different material designs [1]. This enables to adjust the pore size and distribution in a sample which is then useful in many different applications such as catalysis and adsorption of various molecules (heavy ions, transition metals, biomolecules) [2][3]. The methods of the structure templating are the soft and hard-templating methods. The latter which is a more common approach utilizes the sacrificial materials (templates) of suitable architecture. They are used to build up a new structure and are then removed from the sample. We present here the several different methods to control the scaffold of reduced graphene oxide xerogels by the hard-templating method. In our experiments graphene oxide was used as a precursor of carbon and ascorbic acid was a reducing agent. As a template we used silica particles of different sizes (50, 150, 300 nm) which Figure 1: The schematic drawing of the hardwere etched away using concentrated templating method using silica particles as a template. hydrochloric acid. The formed hydrogels were dried at room temperature. The SEM pictures show the successful synthesis of porous structures with the uniform pore size distribution. The BET surface areas of different samples were measured and compared. The XPS, FTIR and TG spectra of the samples (reduced graphene oxide xerogels) were also recorded. The samples were tested for the oil adsorption and exhibited the improved adsorption capabilities compared to the non-templated samples. References [1] S. Han, D. Wu, S. Li, F. Zhang, and X. Feng, Adv. Mater., 26, 849, (2014). [2] Z. Wu, Y. Sun, Y. Tan, and S. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 1, (2012). [3] J. Tang, G. Chen, J. Yang, X. Zhou, L. Zhou, and B. Huang, Nano Energy, 8, 62, (2014). 50 Nucleic acid interaction of water-soluble azobenzene derivatives: synthesis, characterization and DNA binding Marco Deiana1, Ziemowit Pokladek2, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław (Poland) 2 Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław (Poland) Abstract The outstanding property of azobenzene arising from the conformational changes occurring upon interaction with light provides an excellent tool to establish new insights in the selective regulation applied to biosystems. Here, we investigated the binding mode and the isomerization action of two water-soluble 4-(phenylazo)benzoic acid derivatives (Azo-2N and Azo-3N) towards double stranded DNA by absorption, polarized and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The effect of the magnitude and position of the positive charge on the polyamine moiety coupled to the azobenzene core have been shown to play a crucial role in the mechanism of binding to DNA. In particular, in the presence of DNA, the small ethylenediamine (Azo-2N) group provides no or very weak interactions whereas the extended diethylenetriamine (Azo-3N) results in noticeable spectral changes supporting the evidence of a strong association with ds-DNA. The photoswitchable behavior of the azobenzene derivatives was also taken into consideration leading to the conclusion that the trans form induces a major perturbation to the DNA moiety compared to the cis form. The interaction of the planar trans form with the macromolecule dramatically increases the base pair stacking degree and leads to strong conformational changes in DNA helicity, whereas the non-planar cis form seems to cause no appreciable perturbation of the DNA helix suggesting a possible entrapment between the DNA bases. References [1] J. Andersson, S. Li, P. Lincoln, J. Andréasson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 11836 (2008). [2] M. Biswas, I. Burghardt, Biophys. J. 107, 932 (2014). [3] H. S. Basu, H. C. A. Schwietert, B. G. Feuerstein, L. J. Marton, Biochem. J. 269, 329 (1990). 51 Influence of the strain distribution on non-radiative transitions in a quantum well-quantum dot system Adam Mielnik-Pyszczorski1, Krzysztof Gawarecki1, Paweł Machnikowski1 1 Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland Abstract Lasers based on quantum dots (QDs) have many advantages such as low threshold current, wide spectral tunability and high temperature insensitivity. However, due to low carrier density inside the dot, the efficiency of quantum dot lasers is reduced. One of the proposed solutions is a quantum well-quantum dot tunnel injection structure. The density of states in a quantum well (QW) is high, hence a QW can be used as a carrier-collecting reservoir [1,2]. The QW-QD system must be properly designed to ensure localization of its ground state in the dot. Then, with phonon-assisted processes, carriers can tunnel through the barrier from the QW to the QD. In this contribution, we study phonon-assisted tunnelling of electrons in a system composed of a dome-shaped QD placed above a QW (Fig.1). We assume the axial symmetry of the system which allows us to reduce the problem to two dimensions [3]. The strain distribution is accounted by minimization of the elastic energy of the system [4]. The electron states are calculated using k·p method combined with the Lödwin elimination [5]. It turns out that carriers in the QW effectively feel strain as a repulsive potential, which affects their wavefunctions. We study the effects of the electron coupling to the acoustic phonons and model the electron kinetics within the correlation expansion approach. We investigate the dependence of the phonon-assisted tunnelling rate on the temperature. Our results indicate the importance of a proper design of the system geometry and composition to obtain the shortest relaxation times. References [1] W. Rudno-Rudziński, G. Sek, K. Ryczko, M. Syperek, J. Misiewicz, E. Semenova, A. Lemaitre, and A. Ramdane, Applied Physics Letters 94, 171906 (2009). [2] Xiao-Jie Yang, Takayuki Kiba, Takafumi Yamamura, Junichi Takayama, Agus Subagyo, Kazuhisa Sueoka, and Akihiro Murayama, Applied Physics Letters 104, 012406 (2014). [3] K. Gawarecki, M. Pochwała, A. Grodecka-Grad, and P. Machnikowski, Phys. Rev. B 81, 245312 (2010). [4] C. Pryor, J. Kim, L. W. Wang, A. J. Williamson, and A. Zunger, J. Appl. Phys. 83, 2548 (1998). [5] P.O. Löwdin, J. Chem. Phys. 19, 1396 (1951). 52 Generation of photonic eddies in organic systems Klaudia Dradrach1, Stanisław Bartkiewicz1, Andrzej Miniewicz1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław Abstract Interesting observation was made in azobenzene derivative exhibiting mesophase during light illumination. Light from laser diode cause vorticity in this system. We called it “whirls” or “photonic eddies” [1]. To better understand this phenomenon, liquids such as for instance dye solutions were investigated. Common organic dyes and solvents were chosen. Measurements under the optical microscope with using laser diodes were made. After putting drop of solutions on glass plates, influence of different factors on whirls generation was investigated. Those factors were: wavelengths, intensity and polarization of light, external voltage applied to the sample. After preliminary measurements, it was possible to propose a mechanism based on electrostriction responsible for Fig. 1: Liquid crystalline azobenzene photonic eddies generation in solutions [2]. Vorticity in liquid crystals and solvents with high derivative during light illumination viscosity is rather connected with gradient of (whirl is encircled). temperature and surface tension. To confirm these assumptions a group of nematic mixtures and viscous solvents was prepared and studied. The optical microscope setup was re-used. Explanation of these results was based on hydrodynamics. References [1] K. Dradrach, S. Bartkiewicz, A. Sobolewska, “Sposób mieszania i przemieszczania cząstek w materiale ciekłokrystalicznym”, patent application number P.408349, 27.05.2014r. [2] S. Bartkiewicz, A. Miniewicz, Phys Chem Chem Phys 17, 1077 (2014). 53 Behaviour of chiral and linear isomers of Single-Component Phototropic Liquid Crystals in Holographic Grating Recording Joanna Noga1, Anna Sobolewska1, Stanisław Bartkiewicz1, Zbigniew Galewski2 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland Abstract The family of 4-alkyl-4’-alkoxyazobenzene has been recently used in holographic grating recording [1]. The combination of photochromic and liquid-crystalline properties in a single molecule can open a new way for applications of these type of liquid-crystalline materials in the photonic devices fully controlled by the light [2]. The main advantage of this type of molecules is ability to reversible trans-cis photoisomerization, which can Fig.1 The holographic grating of 4-(2induce the phase transition so that it can be exploited in methyl)butoxy-4’-nonylazobenzene holographic recording. In this study, chiral (S-4-(2-methyl)butoxy-4’nonylazobenzene) and linear (4-pentyloxy-4’-nonylazobenzene) isomers of liquid crystalline azobenzene derivatives from the family of 4-alkyl-4’- alkoxyazobenzene were investigated. In both molecules only nematic mesophase was detected (cholesteric respectively in the chiral isomer). The photoisomerization studies were performed for both a solution of the material in organic solvent as well as of a pure material placed in the LC cell to determine the position of the isosbestic point. This determination is critical for the proper selection of the wavelength used then in holographic recording experiment. Holographic recording technique combined with a polarized optical microscope was applied in order to compare the holographic grating recording process in both compounds. In our study, the formation of the diffraction grating is a result of the isotropic-to-nematic (I-N) phase transition. Additionally, theoretical approach considering the growth liquid-crystalline domains was used to fit the results of experiments with very good precision. References [1] A. Sobolewska, J. Zawada, S. Bartkiewicz, Z. Galewski, J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 10051 (2013). [2] A. Sobolewska, J. Zawada, S. Bartkiewicz, Z. Galewski, Proc. of SPIE 8828, 88280U (2013). 54 Chirality and luminescence of gold nanoclusters M. Waszkielewicz1, J. Olesiak-Bańska1, M. Wojtas2, M. Różycka2, A. Bansal3, K. Matczyszyn1, A. Ożyhar2, I.D.W. Samuel3, M. Samoć1 1 Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland, 2 Department of Biochemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland, 3 Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Nanoclusters are noble metal structures with diameter below 2 nm, which possess discrete energy levels and do not display a typical surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which is characteristic for nanocrystals [1, 2]. The luminescence of these molecular-like structures is often attributed to particle size effect, but it also depends on other structural parameters such as the type of surface ligands [3]. The particular influence of these structural factors on emission properties and mechanisms is still discussed. The special electronic and geometric structure of nanoclusters gives rise to many other noteworthy properties like chirality, magnetism, redox chemistry and photovoltaic properties [4]. This is why this type of materials have gained great interest due to their applications in catalysis, photonics, biosensing and molecular electronics [5]. This contribution reports investigations of the chirality of gold-glutathione [6] and gold-captopril [4] as well as their luminescence properties [6]. The gold-glutathione clusters were synthesized from Au(I)SG (SG-glutathionate) polymers by reductive decomposition and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as described in [6]. The gold-captopril clusters were also obtained from reductive decomposition of Au(I)SG Fig. 1: Gold-captopril nanoclusters polymers [4]. The identification of the dimensions of the dissolved in buffer pH=2 – transmission particles in each material was performed through transmission electron microscopy image. electron microscopy (TEM) (Fig.1). The circular dichroism (CD) measurement indicated the presence of chirality of some samples. The luminescence lifetimes of the samples were also recorded for both visible and NIR emission. The relation between chirality and fluorescence will be discussed. Finally, the influence of pH and different kinds of ions on optical properties will be presented. References [1] R. Philip, P. Chantharasupawong, H. Qian, R. Jin J. Thomas, Nano Lett., 12, 4661 (2012) [2] E. Oh, F. Fatemi, M. Currie, J. Delehanty, T. Pons, A. Fragola, S. Lévêque-Fort, R. Goswami, K. Susumu, A. Huston, I. Medintz, Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 30, 453 (2013) [3] J. Zheng, C. Zhou, M. Yu, J. Liu, Nanoscale, 4, 4073 (2012) [4] S. Kumar, R. Jin, Nanoscale, 4, 4222 (2012) [5] N. Nishida, H. Yao, K. Kimura, Langmuir 24, 2759 (2008) [6] T. Schaaff , R. Whetten, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 2630 (2000) [7] Y. Negishi, K. Nobusada, T. Tsukuda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 5261 (2005) 55 56 V. Posters Tuesday 14.30-16.30 57 58 List of posters Anna Taraba Volumetric properties of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants at different temperatures P2 Barbara Pucelik Metal complexes of a novel halogenated porphyrin and their TiO2-based hybrid materials as efficient agents for photocatalysis and photomedicine P3 Daria Kociołek Surface functionalization of inorganic nanocrystals for their transfer to water P4 Magdalena Szaniawska Spectra of pyrene under the effects of surfactants P5 Małgorzata Skibińska The synthesis of mesoporous silica SBA-15 P6 Marta Fiedot Analysis of electrical phenomena in the resistive gas sensors with one-dimensional structures of ZnO P7 Witold Nawrot Time response analysis of resistive gas sensors during the detection of halitosis markers Anna Żelazo Ligand exchange approach with a PEG-based ligand as a sufficient method to transfer PbS/CdS nanocrystals into the water P9 Michał Pacia Enhancing degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicides by metal oxides clusters deposition on titanium dioxide powders P10 Radosław Deska Plasmonic effect in metallodielectric composites P11 Adrian Justyniarski A Polyfluorene Aggregates Facilitates Sensing of Insulin Amyloid Fibrils by Two-photon Absorption P12 Aleksander Zięcina Microwave stimulated Bradley's synthesis of colloidal ferrite spinel Co1-xNixFe2O4 nanoparticles- structural features, cytotoxicity and magnetic properties P13 Joanna Bednarska On the reliability of Huang-Rhys factors: Theory meets experiment P14 Agnieszka Chmielewska Analysis of primary energy consumption for production and distribution of DHW in multifamily buildings P15 Maciej Duda Nanostructural characterization of biofunctionalized cardiovascular stent surface by atomic force microscopy P16 Mariusz Rosa P17 Magdalena Klekotko P1 P8 Synthesis of zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes of nitro-/amino-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives – exhaustively substituted in all β-positions of ’Eastern half’ Cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles synthesized using mint extract 59 P18 Karolina Kinastowska Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles for biosensing applications P19 Beata Jędrzejewska One- and two-photon-induced isomerization of styryl dyes P20 Marta Ziemianek Synthetic archaeal photosensitive lipids for applications in medicine P21 Piotr Józef Bardziński Alexandra Filatova A new model of copper mold injection casting P22 Michał Skowicki Upconverting nanoparticle assisted bioimaging P23 Olga Rac Synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles for application in sensors P24 Małgorzata Wielgus Solvent and Nonlinear Effects observed in Gold Nanorods and CdSe Nanoparticles P25 Paulina Sikora Studies of the effect of the rubbed glass surfaces on the DNA liquid crystalline phases doped with gold nanorods P26 Izabella Jasyk Plant-mediated synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms and characterization of the obtained structures P27 Joanna Sobska Spectroscopic methods as a tool for knowledge interaction with DNA P28 Oktawia Pałczyńska Synthesis of plasmonic nanoprisms and their spectroscopic characterization P29 Marta Gordel New, Highly Efficient Multi-Photon Absorbers: Experimental Studies of the Nonlinear Optical Properties P30 Leszek Mazur Optically controlled capacitance switch based on spiropyrans blended with PMMA P31 Jan Zaręba Counterion influence on second harmonic spectra of coordination polymers P32 Tomasz Kozłowski P33 Katarzyna Brach Cholesteric liquid crystalline DNA doped with gold nanoclusters P34 Joanna Jaworska Influence of the ester group inversion on the liquid crystalline properties of selected azobenzene derivatives Influence of peripheral substituents on optical properties of heterocyclic azo dyes 60 P1 Volumetric properties of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants at different temperatures Anna Taraba1, Katarzyna Szymczyk1 1 Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland Abstract Fluorocarbon surfactants are surface active materials in which some, or all, of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrophobic moiety, referred to hereafter as the surfactant tail, are replaced by fluorine atoms [1-3]. The resulting structural and chemical properties of fluorocarbon surfactants lead to differences in their surface and volumetric properties as compared to those of their hydrocarbon analogues. Their outstanding chemical and thermal stability expands their applications to extreme conditions which are too severe for hydrocarbon surfactants. These surfactants are also very important commercially. They are indispensable as emulsifiers in many industrial applications, including emulsion polymerization of chlorocarbons and fluorocarbons, and in a variety of biomedical applications, including the development of oxygen-carrying fluorocarbon emulsions [1,2,4]. Practical applications of the fluorocarbon surfactants in many cases are not based on the fundamental studies dealing with their behaviour at the different interfaces and in the bulk phase. Among the fluorocarbon surfactants, Capstone(r) FS-3100 is a nonionic fluorosurfactant that provides exceptionally low surface tension in aqueous or solvent-based products, enabling better wetting, spreading, leveling, and other beneficial properties. FS-3100 is stable in acidic, basic, brine and hard water environments, making it easy to formulate into a variety of systems [5]. There is, therefore theoretical and practical interest in carefully characterizing the properties of this compound. Thus, the purpose of the presented studies was to determine the adsorption and volumetric properties of aqueous solutions of FS-3100 at 293-318K. References [1] E. Kissa, Fluorinated Surfactants, Synthesis, Properties, Applications. Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, Inc: New York, 1994. [2] E. Kissa, Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents. Surfactant Science Series, Second edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc: New York, 2001. [3] M.P. Krafft, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 47 ( 2001) 209-228. [4] K. Holmberg, B. Jönsson, B. Kronberg, B. Lindman, Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solutions, John Wiley & Sons, England, 2003. [5] http://www2.dupont.com/Capstone/en_US/assets/downloads/K-23716-2_Capstone_FS-3100.pdf. 61 P2 Metal complexes of a novel halogenated porphyrin and their TiO2-based hybrid materials as efficient agents for photocatalysis and photomedicine Barbara Pucelik1, Wojciech Macyk1, Luis G. Arnaut2 Mariette M. Pereira2, Grażyna Stochel1 and Janusz M. Dąbrowski1 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland Department, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal [email protected], [email protected] 2 Chemistry Abstract Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of a new class of hybrid materials with enhanced photoactivity - sensitizer@TiO2, in which macrocycles such as porphyrins and their metal complexes are used due to their large-electron systems and its high molar absorption coefficient within the visible light. In this work a new halogenated porphyrin derivative, 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(2,6-difluoro-5-Nmethylsulfamylophenyl)porphyrin (F2PMet) and its cobalt and zinc complexes were synthesized and characterized. An extensive studies on the novel tetrapyrrolic compounds were carried out including absorption and emission spectra, fluorescence quantum yields, triplet absorption spectra, triplet lifetimes, photostability, singlet oxygen quantum yields and photocurrent generation. Moreover, the corresponding TiO2-based photocatalysts were prepared and examined in terms of their morphological and optical properties by absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our studies report that MF2PMet@TiO2 photocatalysts can be considered as the hybrid organic/inorganic photoactive materials in successfully photodegradation of synthetic opioid analgesic such as Tramadol (TRML) and a model pollutant, 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution under the visible light irradiation (λ>400nm). To elucidate detailed mechanisms of photochemical processes, the photocatalytic activity of investigated metalloporphyrins was compared in homo- and heterogeneous systems. The results indicated that impregnation of TiO 2 (P25) with functionalized porphyrins can improve its efficacy and ZnF 2PMet@TiO2 exhibited a superior photocatalytic performance towards TRML. This effect can be explained by synergistic action of adsorption of ZnF2PMet on TiO2 surface and its ability of photocurrent generation as a result of the photoinduced electron transfer from porphyrin to the conduction band of TiO2. 62 In this case, selected mechanistic insights of reactive oxygen species generation of these complexes are also highlighted.[1] In conclusion, physicochemical properties of ZnF2PMet makes this metalloporphyrin and its TiO2-based material an excellent candidate for practical application, including not only photochemistry and photocatalysis but also photomedicine e.g. photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photoinactivation of microorganisms and bacterial cells. Acknowledgements We thank MNiSW for Iuventus Plus grant nr IP2014008573 and National Science Centre for grants 2012/05/B/ST5/00389 and 2013/11/D/ST5/02995. References [1] J. M. Dabrowski, B. Pucelik, M. Krzek, A. R. Abreu, N.P.F. Gonçalves, G.N. Costa, L.G. Arnaut, W. Macyk, G. Stochel, M. M. Pereira, Photochem. Photobiol.Sci (2015), in preparation. 63 P3 Surface functionalization of inorganic nanocrystals for their transfer to water D. Kociołek1, A. Noculak1, M. Bański1, B. Sikora2, D. Elbaum2, M. Szewczyk3, J. Misiewicz1, A. Podhorodecki1 1 Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Institute of Physics, PAN, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland 3 Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAN, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland Abstract In the past two decades quantum dots (QDs) have gained tremendous attention due to their potential for use in variety of applications, ranging from cellular imaging to electronic devices. High-quality QDs are desirable for biological detection because of their unique optical features. Nevertheless, the utility of QDs is restricted by their potential cytotoxicity and by the necessity of ultraviolet and visible light excitation, which usually causes the autofluorescence of the biological sample and signal interference. To address the aforementioned issues, a new class of lanthanide-doped nanomaterials has emerged. Termed as upconversion nanoparticles they have unique advantages such as the lack of autofluorescence, low cytotoxicity, long emission decay and deeper light penetration in the so-called therapeutic window. However, the utility of nanoparticles in biological applications requires that they are fully dispersible in aqueous solutions. Therefore, we conducted a surface modification of NaGdF 4:Yb3+,Er3+ and CdSe/CdS QDs by ligand attraction method. Transfer to water was obtained by ligand attraction in which amphiphilic ligand (PEGmonooleate) uses the Van der Waals interactions to create the bilayer formation with original ligand on the surface of nanocrystals. The structural properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent properties were investigated by photoluminescence and photoluminescence decay measurements. The procedure of nanocrystals transfer to water was successful. Unlike for other methods, ligand attraction allows to conserve optical properties of nanocrystals. Functionalized upconversion nanoparticles were stable in water longer than QDs. However, the upconversion nanoparticles showed instability once exposed to cells, which resulted in significant cytotoxicity. It may be caused by the dissociation of the amphiphilic ligands of the formed bilayer. Despite the successful transfer to water the as-prepared nanocrystals cannot be used at this stage in bioapplications due to their cytotoxicity. Improved stability may be achieved by cross-linking of amphiphilic ligands. 64 P4 Spectra of pyrene under the effects of surfactants Magdalena Szaniawska1, Anna Taraba2, Katarzyna Szymczyk2 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland Abstract The fluorescence emission spectra of pyrene monomer in solution had a fine structure with five apices [1]. The intensity of the five apices had a close correlation with the surrounding polarity of pyrene monomers in solution and is very useful in the investigations of solutions of different surface active agents. Polysorbate-80 or Tween-80 (polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan monooleate; T-80) is a biocompatible nonionic surfactant that is widely used as a solubilizer in pharmaceutical industry. T-80 is one of the widely used excipients in pharmaceutical industry for various applications and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in injectable, oral, and topical products. Furthermore, T-80 has the ability to increase the permeability of various drugs across biological membranes [2,3]. In this study, the interactions between molecules of Tween 80 was detected from a microscopic view by fluorescence with pyrene as a probe. The results were compared to those obtained for nonionic surfactant, p-(1,1,3,3tetramethylbutyl) henoxypoly(ethyleneglycol), Triton X-114 (TX100) (C14H21 (CH2CH2O)x OH, x = 8). References [1] J.R. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3rd edition, Springer (2006). [2] Strickley, R. G. Pharm. Res.21 (2004), p. 201–230. [3] Rege, B. D.; Yu, L. X.; Hussain, A. S.; Polli, J. E. J. Pharm. Sci.90 (2001), p. 1776–1786. 65 P5 The synthesis of mesoporous silica SBA-15 Małgorzata Skibińska1 1 The Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystallography, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 2, 20-031, Lublin Abstract Mesoporous materials are materials having a pore size of 2-50 nm. These pores have different shape and can be variously arranged. The main component of mesoporous materials is silica. It has unique properties such as thermal stability, chemically inert and it is cheap and widely available. Mesoporous materials are widely used. They are used in catalysis, nanotechnology, adsorption processes. The most popular representative of this group materials is SBA-15 (Santa Brabara Amorphous). This is a mesoporous materials with a hexagonal pore structure. The pore size is in the range 5-30 nm. The surface of this material is in the range 600-1000 m 2/g depending on temeprature and duration of the individual steps of the synthesis.The structure and properties of SBA-15 are dependent on synthesis condition. SBA-15 is prepared by sol-gel method by applying the triblock copolymer, Pluronic 123. TEOS is a source of silica. This synthesis isn't complicated. The successive steps of this synthesis are shown in Figure 1. Synthesis of mesoporous silica consists of three steps. The first is to create a hexagonal structure by use Pluronic 123 and TEOS. The second steps is a hydrothermal treatment, and the last involves the removal of surfactants. Fig. 1. The mechanism of SBA-15 formation. References [1] E. M. Johansson, “Controlling the Pore Size and Morphology of Mesoporous Silica”, Linköping University, (2010). [2] N. Rahmat, A. Zuhairi Abdullah, A. Rahman Mohamed, A Review: Mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous-15, Types, Synthesis and Its Applications towards Biorefinery Production, Am. J. Applied Sci., 7(12), 1579, (2010). [3] E. E. Mejia, „Characterization of Some Natural and Synthetic Materials With Silicate Structures”, Lulea University of Technology, (2013) 66 P6 Analysis of electrical phenomena in the resistive gas sensors with onedimensional structures of ZnO Marta Fiedot1, Helena Teterycz1 1 Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Technology, Janiszewskiego Str. 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Zinc oxide is the oldest sensing material used in the chemical resistive gas sensors which allow to detect many gases, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon oxide, sulfur compounds and other [1]. Presented results concern the chlorine sensor with zinc oxide micro and nanorods as a gas sensitive layer. These structures were obtained by hydrothermal method on the ceramic substrate with thick-film gold electrodes. The impedance spectroscopy measurements (IS) were carried out to determine the electric parameters of the gas sensitive layer in the function of the temperature. Tests were performed using an impedance analyzer Solartron 1260 in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 1 MHz and sinusoidal voltage signal with amplitude of 500 mV. During the measurements sensor was tested in an air atmosphere containing 28% RH humidity and temperature range from 150ºC to 750ºC. Results of experiment showed that in the equivalent circuit model of gas sensor two parallel series-connected electrical systems can be identified, first RC and second R-CPE (Fig. 1). R1 R2 C1 CPE2 Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit model of gas sensor with one-dimensional structures of ZnO. The analysis of changes in the conductivity of the active layer as a function of temperature Element Error to determine Error showed that in the system two time constantsFreedom are observed. Value One of them allow the% Fixed(X) 0 N/A temperature dependence of R1 volume resistance of one-dimensional ZnON/A structures. Second C1 Fixed(X) 0 N/A N/A describes the temperature changes in the surface resistance depends on physical and chemical 0 N/A the values of N/Athe phenomena occurring on theR2surface of theFixed(X) gas sensitive layer. Furthermore CPE2-T Free(+) 1,222E-09 N/A N/A activation energy of electric charge transport was determined. CPE2-P Free(+) 0,85926 N/A N/A Acknowledgement This work is co-financed by the European Union as part of the European Social Fund. Data File: Circuit Model File: G:\Documents\Doktoranci\Marta F\impedanc ja\dwa ponowni\czujnik200 bis w dol pow. mdl Mode: Run Fitting / Selected Points (0 - 0) Maximum Iterations: 1000 Optimization Iterations: 0 References Type of Fitting: Complex [1] Q. Wan, Q.H. Li, Y.J. Chen, T.H. Wang, X.L. He, J.P. Li, C.L. Lin, Phys. Lett. 84 3654–3656 (2004). Type of Weighting: Calc-Special 67 P7 Time response analysis of resistive gas sensors during the detection of halitosis markers Witold Nawrot1, Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak1, Helena Teterycz1 1 Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Technology, Ul. Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Response and recovery times define sensors pace of changing states in variable conditions. Therefore they specify how fast a single measurement can be performed and what should be the time interval between measurements. Those parameters are among most important features of gas sensors along with sensitivity and stability. Sufficient response time may vary from minutes to milliseconds depending on application. In safety systems required detection time is under 10 seconds [1]. In general chemical gas sensors tend to have short response times and significantly longer recovery times, in minutes [2]. Some of them never recover to the initial state. Such chemical sensor is called poisoned. The most common criteria of parametrizing those features is measuring time between achieving 10% and 90% of response signal after exposure to measured gas [1]. Fig. 1: Investigated sensors based on tin dioxide: (a) without and (b) with sepiolite filter. In this work the time responses for thick film chemical gas sensors based on tin dioxide and the influence of sepiolite passive filter on their performance were investigated (Fig.1). Both of them were tested against low concentration (< 5ppm) of hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide, as they are symptoms of halitosis, an intrusive disease revealed by a bad breath. Prior to this test a sensor response using temperature stimulated conductance was carried out in order to find the temperature which the sensor reveals the best performance in. Results of experiment have shown that both sensors allow to detect a low concentration of markers however there is a significant difference in the sensors sensitivity to detected markers (inorganic/organic gas). The time response of both sensors was very fast what is desirable for practical use in medicine. Acknowledgements Scientific work was financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education from funds for young researchers and PhD students as project no. B40075 W-12 (statutory). References [1] H. Teterycz: “Thick-film chemical gas sensors on the basis of tin dioxide“, Wrocław, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej (2005). [2] X. Pan, X. Zhao, J. Chen, A. Bermak, Z. Fan, Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 764-771, 206 (2015). 68 P8 Ligand exchange approach with a PEG-based ligand as a sufficient method to transfer PbS/CdS nanocrystals into the water A. Żelazo1, M. Bański1, J. Cichos2, A. Podhorodecki1 1 Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Cathedral of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Chemistry Department, Wrocław University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Optically active semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs) have attracted increased attention recently because of their excellent optical properties such as reduced photobleaching rates, high photoluminescence quantum yields and tunable spectroscopic properties. These properties make them an attractive alternative to commercial organic markers. High-quality QDs are most often synthesized in the presence of organic solvent and capped with hydrophobic ligands. For this reason nanocrystals are not dispersible in water after process of synthesis. This is one of the main restrictions characterizing these nanoparticles. In all biomedical applications there are required hydrophilic nanoparticles. To suspend hydrophobic nanocrystals in aqueous media, post-synthetic surface modification is required. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the process of functionalization and presence of surface ligand on the properties of hydrophilic quantum dots such as stability, size and optical properties. To achieve the aim PEG-derivative ligands have been synthesized and characterized. Subsequently these ligands have been used to modify the surface of Cd, Pb – quantum dots based and their core/shell equivalents by ligand-exchange approach. Properties of as-received hydrophilic nanocrystals were characterized in time by absorption and emission experiments and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The correlation between the ligand parameters and obtained experimental results will be discussed in details. 69 P9 Enhancing degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicides by metal oxides clusters deposition on titanium dioxide powders M. Pacia1, P. Pulisova2, S. Neubert2, D. Mitoraj2, M. Buchalska1, W. Macyk1, R. Beranek2 1 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany Abstract H K ile ile @ R ut x @ R ut x Fe O R ut ile C uO U V 10 0 no th H ea K U te V d 10 0 C he uO at ed x@ H K Fe U V O 10 x@ 0 H N K H U 4V V O 10 3@ 0 H K U V V O 10 x@ 0 H K U V 10 0 TAOH concentrationM·dm / -3 Titania-photocatalyzed degradation reactions have been intensely studied as potentially one of the cheapest and most efficient methods for decontamination of water and air from toxic organic compounds. A goal of our studies is to check the applicability of such materials in the process of photocatalytic degradation of two herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Both tested herbicides have the ability to control the speed of plant growth, and both of them were used to kill weeds in cereal crop plantations. 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T can be oxidized in the presence of TiO2 upon sunlight irradiation. Hydroxyl radicals play a key role in the process. 1,2 One of the first steps of degradation is leading to formation of chlorophenols which are oxidized mainly with hydroxyl radicals.1 Here we compare photocatalytic 35 activity of TiO2 materials modified with 30 CuOx, FeOx and VOx in terms 25 of hydroxyl radical production. The experiments were carried out using 20 commercially available titanium dioxide 15 rutile and anatase powders. 10 The materials were modified using 5 impregnation and drying technique. 0 In case of anatase samples preheating in 400°C in order to achieve higher activity was introduced. This group of photocatalysts has been tested in the process of terephthalic acid (TA) Fig.1. TAOH production on various photocatalysts. oxidation to form 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (TAOH) (Figure 1.). In the aforementioned reaction TAOH is the only product of TA oxidation with OH● radicals. Acknowledgements This work was carried out within the “Activation of small molecules in photocatalytic systems” project supported by the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced by European Union, Regional Development Fund (project no. TEAM/2012-9/4). Also a support by the EU-FP7 within the project “4G-PHOTOCAT” (grant no. 309636; photodegradation of herbicides), cofinanced by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (project no. W13/7.PR/ 2013) is highly acknowledged. References [1] M. Buchalska, M. Pacia, M. Kobielusz, M. Surówka, E. Świętek, E. Wlaźlak, K. Szaciłowski and W. Macyk, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014, 118, 24915-24924. [2] S. Neubert, P. Pulisova, C. Wiktor, P. Weide, B. Mei, D. A. Guschin, R. A. Fischer, M. Muhler and R. Beranek, Catalysis Today, 2014, 230, 97-103. 70 P10 Plasmonic effect in metallodielectric composites Radosław Deska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, ul. Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław (Poland) Abstract New manufacturing techniques allow the increase in availability of nanomaterials applicable in photonics research. Metallodielectric self-organised eutectic composites developed in directional solidification are promising for metamaterial and plasmonic applications. 3-D bulk structure obtained with micro-pulling down method exhibits localized surface plasmon resonance at visible waverange. Silver has one of the highest electrical conductivities and relatively low losses compared to other metals, which means great potential in plasmonics. Bismuth oxide, due to its low phonon energy and high refractive index has great potential as matrix for photonic applications based on linear and nonlinear optical effects. In this work we perform study of optical properties over eutectic composite with nano- and micro-precipitates of silver embedded in Bi2O3 matrix. After applying 800 nm femtosecond laser light, the composite exhibits photoluminescence at around 570 nm (yellow-green), which we confirm performing reflection spectrum measurement. Fig.1 Luminescence map imaged with one-photon detectors Fig.2 Luminescence spectrum in point indicated by red circle in Fig.1 References [1] K. Sadecka, Adv. Optical Mater., 2015, 3, 381-389 71 P11 A Polyfluorene Aggregates Facilitates Sensing of Insulin Amyloid Fibrils by Two-photon Absorption A. Justyniarski1, P. Hańczyc2,3 D. Antenehe Gedefaw2, M. R. Andersson2,4, M. Samoć1, C. Muller2 1 Wrocław University of Technology, Advanced materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland. 2 Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Kemivagen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden. 3 University of California, Santa Barbara, Center for Polymers & Organic Solids, 2520A Physical Sciences Building North, Santa Barbara, United States. 4 University of South Australia, Ian Wark Research Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia. Abstract Amyloid fibrils are self-assembled structures formed upon protein misfolding, which are involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. High demand for recognition of those species creates challenge for science and medicine to investigate materials able to indicate presence of amyloidic forms of proteins. Conjugated polymers, a well-known class of organic compounds with versatile applications, are promising candidates for amyloid sensing. Polyfluorene derivative is a material chosen for probing fibrillization in insulin protein. The adduct formation is based on weak supramolecular interactions between amyloid fibrils and different forms of PFO in dissolved and aggregated form exhibiting various optical properties upon binding. Since the intermolecular interactions are found to be crucial for obtaining sizable two-photon absorption in amyloid-polymer adducts, PFO aggregates are proposed as effective probes for sensing amyloid fibrils. The findings in our studies suggest that amyloid fibrils might be sensed by nonlinear absorption based imaging methods e.g. photoacousting imaging that could be an alternative to fluorescent techniques. References [1] L. De Boni, R. D. Fonseca, K. R. A. Cardoso, I. Grova, L. Akcelrud, D. S. Correa, et al. J Pol Sci B: Pol Phys. 52(11) (2014); p. 747-54. [2] C. Zhu, L. Liu, Q. Yang, F. Lv, Wang. S. Chem Rev 128(8) (2012); p. 4687–735 [3] K. P. R. Nilsson, A. Herland, P. Hammarstrom, O. Inganas. Biochem 44(10) 2005; p. 3718-24 72 P12 Microwave stimulated Bradley's synthesis of colloidal ferrite spinel Co1-xNixFe2O4 nanoparticles- structural features, cytotoxicity and magnetic properties Aleksander Zięcina1 R. Pązik1, E. Piasecka1,2, M. Małecka1, B. Poźniak3, J. Miller4, B. Idzikowski5, N. Perunek5, Z. Śniadecki5, L. Mrówczyńska6, A. Ekner-Grzyb7 and R.J. Wiglusz1 1 Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland 2 Polymer Engineering and Technology Division, Wrocław University of Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 3 Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland 4 Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland 5 Institute of Molecular Physics, PAS, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland 6 Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland 7 Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Behavioural Ecology, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland Theranostic usage of magnetic nanoparticles is a natural consequence of their properties, thanks to them we are allowed not only to locate organism anomalies but also treat them using only one substance. Such particles should have good colloid stability, diameter big enough to not penetrate healthy tissues and small enough to not create holdups and to indicate superparamegnetic properties. The microwave stimulated Bradley’s synthesis of Co 1-xNixFe2O4 resulted in nanoparticles with diameter around 10 nm, characterized with TEM microscopy. DLS method was used to measure hydrodynamic size of prepared colloids. Magnetic properties were measured with VSM platform. Cytotoxicity was tested on murine macrophages J774.E, osteosarcoma D17 cells and human red blood cells (RBC). a) b) Fig. 1. a) TEM image of the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4; b) SEM image of the effect of Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 on RBC morphology at the concentration 0.1 mg/ml. Arrows show particle aggregates attached to RBC. References R. Pazik, E. Piasecka, M. Małecka, V. G. Kessler, B. Idzikowski, Z. Sniadecki and R. J. Wiglusz, RSC Adv., 3, 12230 (2013) 73 P13 On the reliability of Huang-Rhys factors: Theory meets experiment Joanna Bednarska1 1 Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL–50370, Wrocław, Poland Simulations of one- and two-photon absorption spectra constitute a meaningful support in the course of the interpretation of experimental results, thus providing a valuable insight into light-matter interactions at the microscopic level. In many instances, notably for molecules with a small conformational freedom immersed in the nonpolar solvents, absorption bands corresponding to electronic transitions may exhibit the vibrational fine structure. In order to properly simulate such spectra it is mandatory that the computational protocol takes into account the effects of nuclear motions explicitly. Simulations of one- and two-photon absorption spectra exhibiting vibrational progressions involve few crucial parameters like, for instance, the Huang-Rhys factors [1]. Huang-Rhys factors (skj) are proportional to the square of displacement (Δkj) between ground and kth excited state potential energy curves for a given Figure 1. Illustration of the displacement between the jth normal mode (Figure 1). ground and excited state potential energy curves. Presumably, the choice of a method to determine electronic/vibrational structure may be equally important for the reliability of predicted Huang-Rhys factors as the physical model. For medium- and large-sized molecules, Kohn-Sham formulation of density functional theory is supposed to be a compromise between accuracy and computational effort. As it was shown, long-range corrected exchange-correlation functionals predict satisfactorily electronic two-photon absorption spectra. On the other hand, recent investigations reported on a failure of these functionals for other key molecular properties changing upon excitation [2]. Unfortunately, there are no investigations regarding the assessment of density functional theory in predicting Huang-Rhys factors. In an attempt to fill this gap we discuss the results of calculations of reorganization energies and Huang-Rhys factors for 4(dimethylamino)-4'-nitrostilbene with the aid of wide range of exchange-correlation functionals. The basis set effect is also studied in detail. For some key vibrational modes we compare experimental values with simulated ones [3]. Acknowledgements The work was supported by a subsidy from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Grant No. 0237/DIA/2014/43). References [1] K. Huang, A. Rhys, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 204, 406 (1950). [2] J. Bednarska, A. Roztoczyńska, W. Bartkowiak, R. Zaleśny, Chem. Phys. Lett., 584, 58 (2013). [3] A. M. Moran, G. P. Bartholomew, G. C. Bazan, and A. M. Kelley, J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 4928 (2002). 74 P14 Analysis of primary energy consumption for production and distribution of DHW in multifamily buildings Agnieszka Chmielewska1, Grzegorz Bartnicki1 1 Katedra Klimatyzacji, Ogrzewnictwa, Gazownictwa i Ochrony Powietrza; Faculty of Environmental Engineering (W-7), Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Space heating requirements and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation usually represents a major portion of the total energy budget of modern households, public buildings or even small commercial applications. It is likely that the production and distribution of DHW in buildings will constitute a dominant share of both the present, and in particular, the future energy design requirements of buildings. The results of this analysis could influence not only future buildings, but also existing buildings when renovation of installations take place. Unfortunately, knowledge about domestic hot water consumption in newly-built apartment buildings (at least in Poland) was limited before this analysis was carried out. This was partly because energy meters are seldom used to measure the DHW consumption, and thus only the total consumption of energy for space heating in the building and is known. For this investigation were selected altogether 6 Fig.1. Energy consumption for production of multi-family buildings. All the buildings were DHW and heating in apartment building built in 2007-2008. The study used the measurements of gas consumption in the building, the measurements consumption of energy for space heating and measurements the DHW consumption in flats. Preliminary analyzes were presented at the fig.1. In 2012, 43% domestic energy-consumption was used for space heating, 30% for domestic hot water . In 2013, 45% domestic energy-consumption was used for space heating, 30% for domestic hot water. The results show that problem of energy consumption for production and distribution of DHW in apartment buildings Furthermore, it is expected that energy researchers concerned about energy and environmental efficiency would consider this study for promoting CO2 emission reduction in relation with DHW production in large buildings. References [1] B. Ndoye , M. Sarr: “Analysis of domestic hot water energy consumption in large buildings under standard conditions in Senegal, Building and Environment, Volume 43, Issue 7, July 2008 [2] M. Aydinalp-Koksal, V. Ismet Ugursal: “Comparison of neural network, conditional demand analysis, and engineering approaches for modeling end-use energy consumption in the residential sector”, Applied Energy, Volume 85, Issue 4, April 2008. [3] R. Yao, K. Steemers: “A method of formulating energy load profile for domestic buildings in the UK”, Energy and Buildings 37 (2005) 75 P15 Nanostructural characterization of biofunctionalized cardiovascular stent surface by atomic force microscopy Maciej Duda1, Agnieszka Ulatowska-Jarża1, Halina Podbielska1, Marta Kopaczyńska1 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Cardiovascular disorders are currently one of the main groups of civilization diseases that are caused by blood vessel lumen narrowing, often due to atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the direct solution to this complication and also it is one of the most important procedures of modern interventional cardiology. PCI is performed using specialized intravascular implants, called stents, which are delivered to target vessel by suitable catheter. Placing a foreign biomaterial into the human organism causes a certain response induced by the mechanism of vessel’s wall healing process. This process may result in two potentially lethal post-surgical complications known as restenosis and thrombosis, both of which cause secondary blood vessel lumen narrowing. There are a number of scientific research trends addressing those two issues. The majority involves stent surface modifications, such as coating with biodegradable polymer with anti-proliferative factors incorporated into its structure. The others focus on intravascular implants surface like Fig. 1: Height measurement results of scFv molecules biofunctionalization, immobilized on sample surface: A) AFM images of 2D immobilization of antibodies topography with scanning line and profile section of area specific towards endothelial marked with blue markers, B) 3D projection of antibody progenitor cells (EPCs). Once captured by specific receptor fragments distribution on mica surface. EPCs mature into endothelial cells, responsible for vessels inner wall vascularization, hence the stents biocompatibility is considerably increased. In this research we studied single-chain variable fragments (scFv) of human antibodies that bind EPCs, immobilized on stents surface samples. We investigated the influence of samples surface charge and the impact it has on nanostructural characteristics and spatial distribution of studied biomolecules. The analysis was carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Nanoscope software. 76 P16 Synthesis of zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes of nitro-/aminomeso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives – exhaustively substituted in all β-positions of ’Eastern half’ Mariusz Rosa1 1 Institute of Chemistry, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, ul. 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland Abstract Porphyrins are well known heterocyclic compounds which occur in biological materials (e.g., chlorophyll, heme, cytochrome–c). Many synthetic porphyrins are also received much attention. In the recent past, a growing interest in the synthesis of complex porphyrin derivatives was observed because of their properties and potential applications. They are used, for example, as sensitizers in antitumor photodynamic therapy, as photocatalysts, as components in nanolithography and in chemistry of new materials. Simple meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives, synthesized by Lindsey’s method, [1] can be easily transformed into corresponding complexes. Nitration of the latters followed by amination according to vicarious nucleophilic substitution mechanism leads to β-nitro-/β-amino–substituted porphyrinates in the same pyrrole ring. Yields of the reactions are good.[2,3] CH3 CH3 NO2 H3C N 1) 33-70% HNO3, CHCl3 N M N N CH3 2) [H2 H3C N N M 3)3]I , N N-N+(CH N KOH / DMSO H3C NH2 NO2 CH3 NH2 H3C M = Zn(II) or Cu(II) M = Zn(II) or Cu(II) In this work, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-methylphenyl)porphyrin zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes were used in tandem nitration/amination reactions to prepare β,β-dinitro-/β,βdiamino–substituted derivatives (one example is shown in Scheme 1). These derivatives are good intermediates for further transformations (alkylation, acylation, diazotization, cyclization, etc.). It allows for introduction of a variety of functional groups into meso-tetraarylporphyrins. Scheme 1. References [1] J.S. Lindsey, H.C. Hsu, I.C. Schreiman, Tetrahedron Lett., 27, 4969 (1986). [2] S. Ostrowski, S. Grzyb, Tetrahedron Lett., 53, 6355 (2012). [3] S. Ostrowski, S. Grzyb, A. Mikus, Helv. Chim. Acta., 70, 2000 (2007). 77 P17 Cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles synthesized using mint extract Magdalena Klekotko1, Izabella Jasyk1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Jakub Siednienko2, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Krzysztof Pawlik2, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Plasmonic nanoparticles received considerable attention due to their size and shape dependent physicochemical properties, which are not observed in their bulk counterparts. The usage of these structures in various applications, including electronics, optics and medicine, caused the intensified development of the chemical and physical methods of their synthesis. These techniques provide the formation of metal nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, size and morphology [1]. However it is often related with the high production costs or applying of hazardous chemicals. Biological methods of the synthesis employing microorganisms, fungi or plants, are an alternative way to produce nanoparticles in low-cost, simple and eco-friendly manner [2]. This work presents the “green” approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using mint (Mentha piperita) extract [3]. The formed nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bioreduction of chloroauric acid with the plant extract leads to the production of highly polydisperse nanoparticles. We have separated different sizes and shapes of the GNPs from the obtained mixture using centrifugation in sucrose density gradient. Finally, we have examined the cytotoxic effect of the gold nanoparticles by performing MTT assay (a colorimetric, enzyme-based assay, widely used for assessing cell viability in chemosensitivity testing [4]). This assay Fig.1: TEM image of the synthesized GNPs. revealed promising results of low cytotoxicity of GNPs synthesized using mint extract compared to chemically synthesized gold nanorods. Consequently, we conclude that biosynthesis may be a useful method to produce nanostructures potentially useful in biomedical, diagnostic and pharmaceutical applications. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Centre: Harmonia grant no. UMO2012/04/M/ST5/0034 and Opus grant no. UMO-2013/09/B/ST5/03417. The work was financed by a statutory activity subsidy from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the Faculty of Chemistry of Wrocław University of Technology. References [1] M. C. Daniel, D. Astruc, Chem Rev, 2004, 104, 293-346. [2] V. Kumar, S.K. Yadav, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 2009, 84, 151–157 [3] D. MubarakAli, N. Thajuddin, K. Jeganathan, M. Gunasekaran, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2011, 85, 360-365 [4] J.K. Wilson, J.M. Sargent, A.W. Elgie, J.G. Hill, C.G. Taylor, Brit J Cancer, 1990, 62, 189-194. 78 P18 Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles for biosensing applications Karolina Kinastowska1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Krzysztof Pawlik2, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group,Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Due to their fascinating physical and chemical properties, plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely applied in multiple fields of modern science. Functionalization of their surface is of key importance in the case of applications in biological systems such as biodetection, bioimaging or targeted drug delivery. [1] In this study we performed the size-controlled synthesis of citrate-capped AuNPs followed by their biofunctionalization. Attachment of antibodies (Ig) to the surface of AuNPs via physical adsorption resulted in the characteristic plasmon band shift towards longer wavelengths. (Fig. 1). W also show how the amount of antibodies needed for the complete gold surface coverage can be precisely determined through a simple test. Finally, the obtained conjugates were characterized using both spectroscopic and microscopic methods. Fig. 1: Absorption spectra of AuNPs: citrate-coated and antibody-functionalized. References [1] C. Louis, O.Pluchery: "Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology", London, Imperial College Press (2012) , p. 273-332 79 P19 One- and two-photon-induced isomerization of styryl dyes Beata Jędrzejewska1, Marta Gordel2, Janusz Szeremeta2, Marek Samoć2, Andrzej Wrzyszczyński1 1 Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland, [email protected] 2 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Photoisomerization studies dealing with olefins and polyenes have been a subject of intense research for a long time since they serve as examples of unimolecular reactions in condensed phase [1]. Generally, styryl dyes substituted by electron-donating and/or electron-withdrawing groups exist in two isomeric forms: E (trans) and Z (cis). The more stable E-form can be partially converted to the Z-form by applying light. This leads to an equilibrium state between the populations of trans and cis isomers. The Z-form can be reverted to the E isomer when the light of the corresponding wavelength is used to promote this reaction. In this respect, two compounds of styryl derivatives were designed and their photochromic properties evaluated. Their structures are presented below: N PTP2 CH CH CH CH N CH3 N CH3 I PTP5 N CH CH I The kinetics of the photoisomerization process was investigated in parallel by measuring H NMR and UV-Vis spectra. The interconversion was induced by absorption of either one- or two-photons by a molecule. Visible light irradiation (408 nm) of acetonitrile solutions of the investigated dyes led to a decrease of the absorption at λmax (ca. 50-60 %). Simultaneously, the band with the maximum absorption localized at ~310 nm increased, due to the E-Z photoisomerization process. Under UV irradiation (310 nm) the molecule returned to the initial state after a few minutes. A similar behaviour was observed when acetonitrile solutions of the studied dyes were irradiated by nearinfrared light (800 nm) from a femtosecond pulsed laser. The results indicate that the E-Z isomerization also occurs by simultaneous absorption of two photons by a molecule. The observed interconversion was found to be uniquely clean, fast and efficient. 1 Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) (BS-9/2014) and from the National Science Centre (DEC-2013/10/A/ST4/00114). References [1] D. H. Waldeck, Conformational Analysis of Molecules in Excited States, edited by J. Waluk, New York, Wiley VCH (2000), p. 113-176. 80 P20 Synthetic archaeal photosensitive lipids for applications in medicine Marta Ziemianek1, Konrad Jakubowski1, Ahmad Jiblaoui3, Olivier Mongin2, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Frederic Paul2, Jelena Jeftić3, Marek Samoć1, Thierry Benvegnu3 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, 2 Institute des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS, Universite de Rennes 1, France 3 Equipe Chimie Organique et Supramoleculaire, ENS de Chimie de Rennes, France Abstract Our objective is to develop a new generation of vesicles called “archaeosomes” with twophoton properties for their application in oncology. The first step of this work was to synthesize two bipolar tetraether-type lipids which mimic the natural membrane lipids found in Archaea. The first compound (figure 1, A) contains one azido group and the second has two (figure1, B). In a second step, the coupling of these two lipids with an original two-photon antenna by Click Chemistry reaction was realized. Finally, the study of their two-photon properties will be performed using the Z-scan technique. Fig. 1: Structure of the two tetraether lipids (A, B) and the final compound (C) synthesized in this work. References [1] T. Benvegnu, G. Rethore, M. Brard, W. Richterb, D. Plusquellec, Archaeosomes based on novel synthetic tetraether-type lipids for the development of oral delivery systems, Chem. Commun., 2005, 5536–5538. [2] M. Brard, C. Laine, G. Rethore, I. Laurent, C. Neveu, L. Lemiegre, T. Benvegnu Synthesis of Archaeal Bipolar Lipid Analogues: A Way to Versatile Drug/Gene Delivery Systems, J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 8267-8279. 81 P21 A new model of copper mold injection casting Bardziński Piotr Józef 1, Filatova Alexandra2 1 Department of Mechanics Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics, Wrocław University of Technology, 25 Mariana Smoluchowskiego Street, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland 2 Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Heat Physics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, ul. Baumanskaya 2-ya, 5/1, 105005, Moscow, Russia Abstract Bulk metallic glasses are the group of novel functional materials that gained lots of attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance [1]. In order to obtain the amorphous structure it is necessary to rapidly quench the molten alloy before the crystallization will occur. From this point it becomes clear that knowing the cooling rate is essential in the determination of the correct injection casting process parameters, although for this quantity is not always possible to be determined directly from the experiment. Consider a system of a vertical quartz crucible with a confusor ending placed over the thick cylindrical copper mold with a centrally located canal across its height, closed at the end. At first, we have to estimate the velocity of a liquid metal passing the orifice in the bottom of the crucible when it reaches the Cu mold canal inlet. For this purpose, we use the Bernoulli equation for the two cross sections in the quartz tube, i.e., for the upper boundary of the liquid metal in the crucible and for its outlet. Losses in the flow of liquid metal in the confusor part of a crucible are also taken into account, so the value of a friction coefficient ξ was determined. Second step is to investigate how temperature of a liquid metal changes during filling of the canal. Here we compare the heat transfer due to convection in the system with the enthalpy change at the beginning of the canal filling with the point at which the canal was completely filled with a liquid metal. From this equation we can find the temperature that liquid metal has at the end of the process of filling the canal, but we don’t know the temperature of the inside wall of the copper mold. In order to find its value, the steady state thermal conductivity equation was written. According to our calculations, the liquid metal didn’t reach the liquidus temperature after the canal was completely filled. Now we have to consider the temperature change of a liquid metal while it is cooled in the copper mold. The need in knowing this led us to the third step in which we write two unsteady state thermal conductivity equations for the still liquid metal and for the copper mold alone. When the temperature of a liquid metal reaches the liquidus temperature, the crystallization process starts and we have to take into account the latent heat. Solution of the abovementioned equations give us the time that is needed for the liquid metal to change the temperature from the point when it filled the canal to the solidus temperature and the cooling rate can thus be given as a ratio between temperature difference and the time. The task was co-financed from the European Union funds under the European Social Fund References [1] C. Suryanarayana, A. Inoue, Intern. Mater. Rev. 58(3), 131-166 (2013). 82 P22 Upconverting nanoparticle assisted bioimaging Skowicki M.1, Lipiński T.2 1 Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland 2 Wrocław Research Centre EIT+, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland Abstract The progress in biological science especially in bioimaging creates a growing demand for a new effective, photostable fluorescent probes. The lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles proved to be a useful tool in bioimaging due to their unique fluorescent features. These nanoparticles offer numerous advantages in comparison to molecular fluorophores or even quantum dots. Through the process of upconversion, UCNPs convert long-wavelength excitation radiation in the IR or NIR region to higher energy emission radiation from UV to IR. Therefore high signal-to-noise ratio and good tissue penetration can be achieved when using UCNPs [1]. Excitation at IR region minimizes the damage to biological material. The UCNPs also offer a great photostability and moderate toxicity to living organisms, thus UCNP are considered to be a very promising NIR bioimaging agents [2]. Still, functionalization of UCNP is a challenging task, these materials have a strong tendency for aggregation and precipitation, limiting their use for a precise bioimaging i.e. labeling receptors on the cell membrane. For this reason, many efforts have been recently taken to develop effective methods for biofunctionalisation and bioconjugation of UCNP. Here we present some results on bioimaging of cellular receptors using functionalisation techniques developed in our group (Fig. 1). References [1] M. V. DaCosta, S. Doughan, Anal Chim Acta. 832:1-33 (2014). [2] J. C. Zhou, Z. L. Yang, W. Dong, R. J. Tang, L. D. Sun, C. H. Yan. Biomaterials 32(34): 9059-67 (2011) 83 P23 Synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles for application in sensors Olga Rac1, Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak1, Marta Fiedot1, Helena Teterycz1 1 Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland Abstract The structure of gas sensitive material plays an important role in the mechanism of interaction between material and detected gas. One of the widely used material in the resistive gas sensors is tin dioxide [1]. This material can be used both as a gas sensitive layer or as a surface/volume dopant. The use of nanoparticles as a gas-sensitive material/dopant increases the selectivity and sensitivity and shortens the response time of a sensor. For this reason, an important issue is to develop a simple and effective method for preparing SnO 2 nanoparticles, where it will be easy to control the size of the obtained particles. The synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles for applications in sensors will be presented. Furthermore, the impact of various parameters on the stability of the colloid synthesis as well as on the size of the particles will be discussed [2]. Due to the fact that nanoparticles tends to agglomerate in aqueous solution, it is necessary to use stabilizing compounds against further growth and agglomeration. In this studies a polymeric stabilising agent was used which formed a polymer coating on the surface of nanoparticles (Fig. 1). Besides the polymeric stabilising agent the surfactant was also used to reduce surface tension and for forming micelles. Under optimal conditions, the nanoparticles having an average diameter of about 10 nm were reproducibly formed. Acknowledgement The project was funded by the National Science Centre based on Decision Number DEC-2012/07/N/ST7/02304. References [1] I. Esfandyarpour, S. Mohajerzadeh, A.A. Khodadadi, M.D. Robertson, , IEEE Sens. J., 4, 449 (2004) [2] O. Rac, P. Suchorska-Woźniak, M. Fiedot, H. Teterycz, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 5, 2192 (2014). 84 P24 Solvent and Nonlinear Effects observed in Gold Nanorods and CdSe Nanoparticles Małgorzata Wielgus1, Marta Gordel2, Jan Zaręba2, Janusz Szeremeta2, Marek Samoć2, Wojciech Bartkowiak1 1 Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Influence of solvent on the UV/Vis absorption spectra of organic molecules has been known for more than a century [1]. The term “solvatochromism” describes a modification of the position, intensity and sometimes the shape of the UV/Vis absorption bands, induced by the change in the polarity of the environment [1]. However, this definition has become broader recently, as it contains now new types of the environment such as ionic liquids, new areas of spectroscopy like fluorescence [2], two-photon absorption and two-photon fluorescence [3], and, last but not least, a new range of materials including a variety of nanoparticles. Nowadays, nanomaterials, because of their interesting properties and potential applications, attract much attention from both fundamental scientists and engineers [6]. Although there have been some pioneering work reporting the solvent effects on some types of nanomaterials [4-6], this highly interesting topic is still not sufficiently explored. In the present work we report on the solvent effects on optical properties of colloidal gold nanorods (NRs) covered by thiol-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dispersed in a selection of solvents. On the basis of UV/Vis and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) spectra as well as time-resolved pumpprobe transmission measurements we present the preliminary findings for some representative solvents. As a second type of material we present the preliminary results for CdSe nanoparticles functionalized by diazo compound and dissolved in chloroform and DMSO. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the National Science Centre under Grant No. DEC - 2013/09/N/ST4/00323. References [1] C. Reichardt, T. Welton: „Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry”, Weinheim, WileyVCH (2010). [2] J. R. Lakowicz: „Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy”, New York, Springer (2011). [3] M. Wielgus, W. Bartkowiak: „Handbook of Solvents”, Toronto, ChemTech Publishing, (2014). [4] S. Underwood, P. Mulvaney, Langmuir 10, 3427 (1994). [5] C.A. Leatherdale, M.G. Bawendi, Phys. Rev. B 63, 165315 (2001). [6] T. Zhao, X.-F. Jiang, N. Gao, S. Li, N. Zhou, R. Ma, Q.-H. Xu, J. Phys. Chem. B 117, 15576 (2013). 85 P25 Studies of the effect of the rubbed glass surfaces on the DNA liquid crystalline phases doped with gold nanorods Paulina Sikora1, Katarzyna Brach1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Anisotropic structure revealed by DNA helix, enables multiple lyotropic liquid crystal (LC) phases forming dependent on chains length and concentration [1,2]. Gold nanorods (NRs) display extraordinary electronic, optical, photothermal and magnetic properties. Nowadays, gold NRs are used e.g. in optical coherence and photoacoustic tomography [3]. Rubbing surfaces, in order to orient LC molecules, is widely known technological process employed in modern liquid crystal display (LCD) industry, however it is still not well researched in the case of DNA lyotropic phases [4]. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of the surface rubbing on the selfassembly of DNA chains in the presence of gold nanorods. Polarized light microscopy observations were performed to examine phase transitions. The influence of non-rubbed and rubbed surfaces on DNA liquid crystals alignment with two different sized gold nanorods with various directions of rubbing was studied. The preliminary results show that there is no change in the liquid crystalline phase orientation between the samples placed on non-rubbed and rubbed surfaces. We observed also the difference between the phase transition temperature values depending on the size of GNRs and surface modification. Higher stability (higher phase transition temperature values) was obtained for LCs prepared on the rubbed surface and doped with GNRs. The decrease of phase transition temperature value was obtained for LCs doped with GNRs prepared on non-modified surfaces. References [1] M. Nakata, G. Zanchetta, B.D. Chapman, Ch.D. Jones, J.O. Cross, R. Pindak, T. Bellini, N.A. Clark, Science, (2007). [2] F.Livolant, A. Leforestier, 21, Prog. Polym. Sci., 1115-1164 (1996). [3] L.Tong, Q. Wei, A. Wei, J. Cheng, Photochemistry and Photobiology 85, 21–32 (2009). [4] P. J. Collings, Liquid Crystals: Nature's Delicate Phase of Matter, Princeton: Princeton University Press, (2002) 86 P26 Plant-mediated synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms and characterization of the obtained structures Izabella Jasyk1, Magdalena Klekotko1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is a very good, easy and cheap alternative to chemical and physical methods. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is an environmentally friendly and economical technique of the very efficient production of gold nanoprisms [1]. Due to their sharp vertices, triangular nanoparticles have specific optical and electronic properties that can be applied in many fields such as optics, electronics, catalysis, and biomedicine [2]. In our work, gold nanoprisms were synthesized using plant extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root, mint (Mentha piperita) leaves and aloe (Aloe vera) leaves [3], [4], [5]. To study the kinetics of the formation of gold nanoprisms, we collected samples of the reaction mixture and measured the absorbance using ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The next step was modification of the experimental parameters of the synthesis (e.g. changing the amount of the plant extracts). Shapes and sizes of the resulting gold nanoparticles were examined under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the amounts of gold nanoprisms were calculated and compared to the amounts of other obtained structures. Fig.1. Gold nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts References [1] Rajasekharreddy P, Rani PU, Sreedhar B. J Nanopart Res, 12,1711–1721 (2010) [2] Millstone J. E., Hurst S. J., Metraux G. S., Cutler J. I., and Mirkin C. A. Small, 5 (6), 646–664 (2009) [3] Singh C, Sharma V, Naik PK, Khandelwal V, Singh H. Dig. J. Nanomater. Bios. 6, 535-542 (2011) [4] MubarakAli D., Thajuddin N., Jeganathan K., Gunasekaran M., Colloids Surf., B. 85, 360–365 (2011) [5] Chandran S. P., Chaudhary M., Pasricha R., Ahmad A., Sastry M., Biotechnol. Prog., 22, 577−583 (2006) 87 P27 Spectroscopic methods as a tool for knowledge of interactions with DNA Joanna Sobska1, Marco Deiana1, Ziemowit Pokładek2, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Piotr Młynarz2, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland 2 Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb.Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland Abstract Interactions of a synthetic N-methylpiperazine derivative (Fig. 1) and ethidium bromide (Fig. 2) towards salmon testes DNA have been studying by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. UV-vis data unambiguously establish the groove binding mode of Hoechst 33258 and the intercalative behaviour of ethidium bromide when bound to DNA. The quantum yield of Hoechst 33258 increases significantly due to the higher planarity of the N-methylpiperazine derivative when bound to the biopolymer. The increase of the fluorescence intensity of EB upon DNA addition is attributed to the insertion of the planar groups of the drug among the base pairs. The binding constants of both the dyes have been determined by fluorescence titration [1]. Figure 1. Structural formula of the N-methylpiperazine derivative (Hoechst33258). Figure 2. Structural formula of the ethidium bromide (EtBr). References [1]M. Sirajuddin, S. Ali, and A. Badshah, “Drug-DNA interactions and their study by UV-Visible, fluorescence spectroscopies and cyclic voltametry.,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B., vol. 124, pp. 1–19, Jul. 2013. 88 P28 Synthesis of plasmonic nanoprisms and their spectroscopic characterization Oktawia Pałczyńska1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract During the last decade, significant progress has been achieved in controlling the sizes and shapes of nanoparticles, and engineering their surfaces. The production of those various nanomaterials has been a starting point for the development of innovative biosensors, optoelectronic devices and bioimaging [1]. Gold nanoprisms (NPs) are a special class of nanostructures that have generated intense interest due to their unique optical properties and the recent development of new methods for preparing bulk quantities of them[2]. In this work we synthesized gold nanoprisms in two ways. The first method relies on seedmediated approaches with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as a surfactant [3]. In this synthesis the presence of iodide ions promotes the anisotropic growth of the CTAC-coated seeds and NPs formation. The NPs used in our studies had two localized surface plasmon resonance bands (LSPR), the first centered at 540 nm (mainly isotropic particles) and a second maximum (corresponding to the NTs) around 760 nm. Manipulation of the NPs sizes is possible by the precise control of amount of the seed solution transferred into the growth solution. The average edge length of the NPs is 90 ±10 nm. The NTs prefer regular organization where they are contacted side-by-side (Fig.1). Investigation by TEM reveals the crystal structure of the Au NPs (Fig. 2). We also show that NPs can be synthesized through a second method: a rapid one-pot seedless growth process [4]. The mixture of Au nanoparticles obtained in this way was composed of pseudospherical morphologies, prism, hexagons and pentagons. For obtaining a monodispersed product, a purification step would be necessary. References [1] Ha T.H., Koo H. J., Chung B.H., J. Phys. Chem. C , 111, 1123, (2007) [2] Xue, Can, Ph.D., Northwestern Unveresity, 205; 329065, (2007) [3] Langille M.R., Michelle L. Personick, Zhang J., Mirkin C.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 14542−14554, (2012) [4] Chen L., Ji F., Xu Y., He L, Mi Y., Bao F., Sun B., Zhang X., Zhang Q, NanoLett., 14, 7201-7206, (2014) 89 P29 New, Highly Efficient Multi-Photon Absorbers: Experimental Studies of the Nonlinear Optical Properties Marta Gordel1,2, Janusz Szeremeta1, Marek Samoć1, Beata Jędrzejewska3 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology, CNRS. Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan 61 Avenue du President Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France 3 University of Technology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland Abstract We report on the investigation of nonlinear optical properties of three new organic dyes, oxazol-5-(4H)-ones derivatives, designed to be efficient two-photon absorbers. Two compounds (5L15 and 5L25) have C3-symmetric structures with electron-withdrawing groups (2-phenyloxazolones) introduced onto the triphenylamine or tris-1-(4,4'-biphenyl)amine core at the peripheries, the third one has an asymmetric structure. The two-photon absorption cross-sections (σ2) were determined by two available techniques: 1) two-photon excited fluorescence, where a suitable reference probe (Rhodamine B, at 960 nm) and exclusion of one-photon excited fluorescence from the collected signal is required; 2) open aperture transmission measurements in the Z-scan technique, which is a direct method. The Z-scan data were taken over a broad wavelength range (600-1600 nm) (Fig. 1). Since the results indicated the presence of several different mechanism of nonlinear absorption the pump-probe technique was also used. Figure 1. Effective nonlinear absorption cross section at different wavelengths in the visible and infrared regions for 5L9 dye. 90 P30 Optically controlled capacitance switch based on spiropyrans blended with PMMA Leszek Mazur1, Konrad Jakubowski1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Krzysztof Janus1, Juliusz Sworakowski1, Petr Toman2, Numan Al Monasy3, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the AS CR, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic Spiropyrans are widely known photochromic compounds. One of their features is a large difference between dipole moments of stable (spiropyran) and metastable (merocyanine) form. Using the mechanisms described in [1,2] it should be possible to control the current flow in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) by inducing photochromic reaction in spiropyran. The approach is to blend the photochromic molecules with PMMA in the dielectric layer of OFET. Photo-induced dipole moment change will result in modification of the gate dielectric capacitance, and thus controlling the drain current. In order to directly study the processes occurring in the PMMA layer we fabricated planar capacitors by sandwiching PMMA with SP between aluminium and ITO electrodes. We built an experimental setup, which allows us to simultaneously monitor the capacitance, AC and DC resistance and change of transmittance. Our preliminary results indicate that the capacitance change (Fig. 1) is proportional to the change of molar ratio of the open form (MR), which makes it easy to correlate with the change of light intensity in the case of spiropyrans. Overall, this research provides the initial results needed to understand more deeply the mechanism of operation of photochromically Fig. 1. Capacitance change induced by UV switched organic field-effect transistors. light. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Polish National Science Centre grants DEC-2013/09/N/ST5/02464 and DEC-2012/07/B/ST5/00759. References [1] P. Lutsyk, K. Janus, J. Sworakowski, G. Generali, R. Capelli and M. Muccini, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 3106 (2011) [2] P. Lutsyk, K. Janus, J. Sworakowski, A. Kochalska and S. Nešpůrek, Chem. Phys., 404, 22 (2012) 91 P31 Counterion influence on second harmonic spectra of coordination polymers Jan K. Zaręba1, Michał J. Białek2, Jan Janczak3, Marcin Nyk1, Jerzy Zoń4 and Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland 3 Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2 Okólna St., P.O.Box 1410, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland 4 Department of Thermodynamics, Machine and Thermal Device Theory, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of new materials is of increasing importance due to interest in devices taking advantage of the nonlinear phenomena such as frequency converters, parametric oscillators, and optical information storage. While inorganic compounds such as KDP or BBO are the predominantly applied second harmonic crystals, many other groups of materials are intensely studied, for example Langmuir-Blodgett films, poled polymers, plasmonic nanostructures or coordination polymers. It should be stressed that great majority of SHG studies is conducted at only a single or a few excitation wavelengths, most often using Nd:YAG (1064 nm), or Ti:Sapphire (800 nm) lasers. SHG efficiencies determined at only a few discrete wavelenghts give a rather scarce description of material properties. We have used a tunable femtosecond laser to demonstrate first measurements of the second harmonic response of polycrystalline coordination polymers in a wide-wavelength range (excitation 750 – 1600 nm). As model Fig.1: Second harmonic spectra of coordination compounds for spectrally-resolved second harmonic generation we synthesized three polymers 1-Cl, 1-Br, 1-I. isostructural coordination polymers (1-Cl, 1-Br, 1-I) of phosphonate diester based on tetrakis[4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]methane (1) and cobalt(II) halides (chloride, bromide, iodide). Strong influence of halide ions on spectra of second harmonic response has been found, including position of maxima, as well as their relative intensity (Fig. 1) This contribution will also present preliminary explanation for the obtained spectral dependencies based on analysis of solid state absorption spectra. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Polish National Science Centre grant “Maestro” DEC2013/10/A/ST4/00114. 92 P32 Influence of peripheral substituents on optical properties of heterocyclic azo dyes T. Kozłowski1, Ł. Skowroński2, V. Smokal3, A. Kysil3, A. Biitseva3, O. Krupka3, B. Derkowska-Zielińska1 1 Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland 2 Institute of Mathematics and Physics, University of Technology and Life Sciences, S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland 3 Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv - 60 Volodymyrska - 01033 Kyiv Ukraine Abstract Azobenzene is an aromatic molecule, which consists of two phenyl rings separated by an azo(N=N) bond. They characterize of highly effcient and fully reversible photoisomerization. Azobenzenes have two stable isomeric states: a thermally stable trans confguration and a metastable cis form. The isomerization reaction produces large structural changes in the azobenzene conformation and signifcantly affects its spectroscopic and physical properties, which is the key to the unique optical and photomechanical effects in azobenzene-containing material systems. Azo-containing materials have been extensively studied by many research groups due to their promising features for photonic applications such as optical data storage, surface-relief holography, optical limiting and optical switching [1,2]. We present the optical properties of heterocyclic azo dyes, which were embedded into poly(methylmethacrylate) PMMA matrix. These azo dyes were investigated by means of spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry combined with transmittance measurements and atomic force microscopy. Ellipsometric azimuths were measured for three angles of incidence in the MIR-VIS-UV spectral range by two instruments: the V-VASE (J.A.Woollam Co., Inc.) and a FTIR device Sendira (Sentech GmbH). We noticed that the optical constants such as absorption coeffcient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants as well as energy band gap of studied materials strongly depend on substitution patterns. References [1] R. Czaplicki, O. Krupka, Z. Essaidi, El-Ghayoury, J.G. Grote, F. Kajzar, B. Sahraoui, Opt.Express 15, 15268 (2007). [2] O. Krupka, B. Derkowska, R. Czaplicki, I. Rau, A. El-Ghayoury, B. Sahraoui, J. G. Grote, F. Kajzar, SPIE 6470, 64700E (2007). 93 P33 Cholesteric liquid crystalline DNA doped with gold nanoclusters Katarzyna Brach1, Magdalena Waszkielewicz1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek Samoć1 1 Advanced Materials Engineering and Modeling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract The purpose of this work was to examine the impact of gold nanoclusters (GNCs) doping on the formation and stability of DNA liquid crystalline cholesteric phases . In order to prepare liquid crystals (LCs), DNA from sonicated salmon testes was dissolved in two differently concentrated captopril-stabilized gold nanoclusters solutions (CGNC = 1 mg/ml or 5 mg/ml) and placed between two glasses. Polarized light microscopy was applied to observe DNA mesophases, as well as cholesteric to isotropic phase transitions. We have not seen any significant differences in the typical fingerprint textures of cholesteric phases (Fig. 1), but the thermal stability of the phases was notably changed. Our analysis revealed that, depending on the concentration of the GNCs present in the phase, nanoparticle-doped cholesteric phases existed in narrower temperature ranges compared to pure DNA liquid crystals. Additionally, a distinct texture of the liquid crystalline phase, in coexistence with a fingerprint texture, was observed in a liquid crystalline cell containing highest amounts of gold nanoclusters, which was not observed in other LC samples. Detailed results of this study will be presented and discussed. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Centre Harmonia grant DEC-2012/04/M/ST5/0034 and Opus grant DEC-2013/09/B/ST5/03417. 94 P34 Influence of the ester group inversion on the liquid-crystalline properties of selected azobenzene derivatives Joanna Jaworska1, Stanisław Bartkiewicz1, Zbigniew Galewski2 1Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego St, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland 2 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland Abstract Azobenzene derivatives are well known group of materials. Due to their N=N double bound they are susceptible to the light exposure [1]. Therefore, the irradiation of suitable wavelength causes the split of the chemical bond between nitrogen atoms. The above described process leads to the geometrical reconstruction of the molecule. The return to the basic form is possible by use of the light of different wavelength [2]. The explained mechanism of molecular reorientation caused by multiple trans(nonyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoates. cis-trans transition is commonly described in the literature as a photoisomerization [3-4]. Because of this phenomenon and due to liquid-crystalline properties the azobenzene derivatives can be applied in many branches of modern technologies [5-6]. In this paper two new group of azobenzene ester derivatives were examined: alkyl 4-[4(nonyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl] benzoates and 4-[4-(nonyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl] phenyl alkanoates. All presented homologues are mesogenic. Moreover, some of them exhibit complex polymorphism likewise tetramorphism. By the use of the thermooptical analysis (TOA), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements the liquid-crystalline phase sequence was investigated. Furthermore, the photoisomerization rate constants for selected samples were calculated. The obtained data give an insight on the interaction of the light with these compounds. Moreover, it allows to define the influence of the ester group inversion on mesomorphic and optical properties References [1] A. Natansohn, P. Rochon, Chem. Rev. 102, 4139-4176 (2002) [2] Z. Sekkat, D. Morichere, Dumont M., R. Loucif-Saibi, J.A. Delaire, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 1543−1545 (1992) [3] E.W.G. Diau, J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 950−956 (2004) [4] N. Tamai, H. Miyasaka, Chem. Rev. 100, 1875−1890 (2000) [5] X.L. Jiang, L. Li, J. Kumar, D.Y. Kim, S.K. Tripathy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2502−2504 (1998) [6] M. Itoh, K. Harada, S. Kamemaru, T. Yatagai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 4968−4971 (2004) 95 96 VI. Maps 97 98 Map of campus 99 Inspiracja restaurant location (place of conference dinner) 100 VII. Index of presenting authors 101 Piotr Bardziński 82 Artur Bednarkiewicz 36 Joanna Bednarska 74 Maciej Bieniek 47 Andrzej Blachecki 32 Katarzyna Brach 86, 94 Maciej Chrzanowski 41 Marco Deiana 51, 88 Radosław Deska 71 Klaudia Dradrach 53 Maciej Duda 76 Thomas Englisch 44 Marta Fiedot 67, 84 Alexandra Filatova 82 Marta Gordel 80, 85, 90 Teodor Gotszalk 49 Elisa Hemmig 26 Konrad Jakubowski 81,91 Izabella Jasyk 87 Joanna Jaworska 95 Beata Jędrzejewska 80, 90 Adrian Justyniarski 72 Bartosz Kalota 28 Michał Kawa 33, 45 Karolina Kinastowska 79 Magdalena Klekotko 78, 87 Marcin Kobielusz 27, 29 Daria Kociołek 64 Radosław Kołkowski 39 Izabela Kondratowicz 50 Tomasz Kozłowski 93 Isabelle Ledoux-Rak Tomasz Lipiński Robert Luxenhofer Leszek Mazur 91 Adam Mielnik-Pyszczorski 52 83 102 Witold Nawrot 68 Joanna Noga 54 Michał Pacia 29, 70 Oktawia Pałczyńska 89 Kacper Parafiniuk 38 Luana Persano 35 Maciej Pieczarka 42 Kacper Pilarczyk 33 Barbara Pucelik 62 Olga Rac 84 Wojciech Radosz 31 Anna Regiel-Futyra 30 Mariusz Rosa 77 Paulina Sikora 86 Małgorzata Skibińska 66 Michał Skowicki 83 Joanna Sobska 88 Marcin Surówka 27 Magdalena Szaniawska 65 Adam Szukalski 43 Anna Taraba 61, 65 Mateusz Trochowski 37 Wioletta Trzpil 46 Magdalena Waszkielewicz 55, 94 Małgorzata Wielgus 85 Ewelina Wlaźlak 25 Andrzej Wrzyszczyński 80 Jan Zaręba 85, 92 Marta Ziemianek 81 Aleksander Zięcina 73 Anna Żelazo 69 103
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