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Practical English – Grammar
Tomasz Czerniak, MA.
GERUND
Active:
Passive:
The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
Summer Term 2015
swimming, talking, listening
having swum, having talked, having listened
being done, being shot, being destroyed
having been done, having been shot, having been destroyed
TO INFINITIVE
Active:
to swim, to talk, to listen
to have swum, to have talked, to have listened
Passive:
to be done, to be shot, to be destroyed
to have been done, to have been shot, to have been destroyed
BARE INFINITIVE
Active:
swim, talk, listen
be swimming, be talking, be listening
Passive:
be done, be shot, be destroyed
1. Complete the sentences with verb forms of the verb to be and decide what type of passive each one is.
1. After ………………………………. trapped for hours, they were found alive.
2. Herds of cattle are nowhere ………………………………. seen.
3. Small teams have had to ………………………………. flown into some areas.
4. Other buildings seem to have ………………………………. blown away.
5. If the wind returns, more trees may ………………………………. knocked over.
6. Dozens of people could have ……………………………….buried in there.
a. Simple modal passive
c. Passive gerund
e. Passive infinitive
b. Modal perfect passive
d. Phrasal modal passive
f. Perfect passive infinitive
2. Combine each pair of sentences using a passive verb + a to-infinitive or active participle.
1. The workers have accepted lower wages. The company has persuaded them.
2. Two young men were fighting. We saw them.
3. The victims may take legal action. That's what their lawyers have advised them.
4. The children had to pick up all the litter. The teacher made them do it.
5. The woman was smuggling cigarettes into the country. Customs officers caught them.
6. The refugees can't get a job. The government won't let them.
7. £50,000 on decorating the ballroom - that's what they spent.
8. You shouldn't have driven so fast. I warned you not to.
3. Complete these sentences, which are set in a business context. Use a passive to-infinitive or ing-form
of the
verb in brackets. Sometimes you need to use a perfect form.
1. The man wanted to avoid ………………………………. (seen) on security cameras.
2. Alice is hoping ……………………………….(promote) soon.
3. The goods ought ………………………………. (deliver) two weeks ago.
4. The system was adopted without ………………………………. (test) at all.
5. I'd like the money ………………………………. (transfer) immediately, please.
6. The Chief Executive insists on ………………………………. (inform) of every detail.
7. I'm afraid the documents seem ………………………………. (mislay).
8. As well as ………………………………. (move) to a less important job, Emily had suffered a drop in
salary
Passive voice 3: Infinitives
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4. Rewrite the following sentences using an infinitive construction (Thomson and Martinet 1996; A
Practival English Grammar: Exercises 2)
1. We added up the money and found that it was correct.
2. I’m employing a man to tile the bathroom.
3. Someone seems to have made a terrible mistake.
4. It is your duty to make tea at eleven o’clock (suppose)
5. People know that he is armed.
6. Someone saw him pick up the gun.
7. We know that you were in town on the night of the crime.
8. We believe that he has special knowledge that might be useful to the police.
9. You needn’t have done this.
10. He likes people to call him ‘sir’.
11. Don’t touch this switch!
12. You will have to get someone to see to it. (It.... / ‘causative have’)
13. It’s impossible to do this (can’t).
14. They used to make little boys to climb the chimneys to clean them.
15. You have to see it to believe it.
16. You order me about and I am tired of it (I’m tired...)
17. He doesn’t like people laughing at him.
18. You don’t need to wind this watch.
19. People believe that he was killed by the terrorists.
20. We don’t allow smoking.
5. Fill in the blanks with suitable words (Side and Wellman 2000; Grammar and Vocabulary for
Cambridge Advanced and Proficiency)
1. We ................ strongly advised ................ reconsider our position.
2. He is known ................ hidden large sums of money in his orchard.
3. They are understood ................ have ................ offered over $5000 for their story.
4. I ................ always made ................ apologise to my little sister after an argument.
5. It’s too late now: there’s nothing more ................ be .................
6. I left with the distinct feeling of ................ been ................ for granted.
7. I used to steal walnuts from my grandfather’s garden and never worried about ................ ................ out.
8. There are ................ ................ ................ ................ any survivors from yesterdays aircrash.
6. Rewrite the sentences (Side and Wellman 2000; Grammar and Vocabulary for Cambridge Advanced
and Proficiency)
1. They made me tell them everything I knew.
2. Nobody ever let me study the piano at school.
3. It is often said that Shakespeare never revised anything he wrote.
4. There were once thought to be canals on Mars. (It... / Mars...)
5. From what we understand, there was an attack last night in the vicinity of the beach. (There is...)
6. It’s a widespread assumption that George was wrongly accused.
7. You have to clean these football boots until they shine! (These football boots are...)
8. Under no circumstances should you cross this line. (This line...)
9. She wants it to be clear to people that she’s fair (seen).
10. He often says to people how much of his success is down to you (heard).
11. The theory is that she fell overboard at night and drowned (fallen).
12. We certainly don’t want any repetition of such a ridiculous spectacle ever again (repeated).
13. The plan was originally to complete the building by June (due).
Practical English – Grammar
Tomasz Czerniak, MA.
The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
Summer Term 2015
7. Finish the sentences (Side and Wellman 2000; Grammar and Vocabulary for Cambridge Advanced
and Proficiency)
1. She vaguely remembers that she was knocked down by a motorbike.
She has vague memories of...
2. It’s never very nice when people laugh at you.
Being...
3. I really wish I hadn’t been pushed into giving a speech.
I really regret...
4. Stewart was criticised for his extravagance and was more careful after that.
Having....
5. Because I was told it was quicker, I naturally took the mountain road.
Having...
6. I can’t tell you what it feels like because nobody’s ever given me $100’000.
Never...