HAZARDOUS HEELS: T E H
HAZARDOUS HEELS: THE EFFECTS OF HIGH HEELED SHOES ON GAIT Taylor Schlotman & Mary Bailey OUTLINE: Why study high-heeled shoes? • Shoe effects • Previous Studies • What to accomplish in our study • Proposed Research • Future Investigations • Questions • THE HISTORY OF HIGH HEELS The first heels showed up around 3500 B.C. in Egypt. In the 1700s, King Louis ANY XIV of France made a law that only VOLUNTEERS?? nobility could wear heels, and none higher than his. Heels have been a fashion staple since the 16th Centuryoriginally for men! THE IMPORTANCE OF FASHION The Global Fashion Industry earns over a TRILLION dollars every year. The apparel and textile industry supplies over 700,000 jobs solely in manufacturing. Fashion industries pioneered workers’ rights and ensuring safe working conditions in the 1920s. BEAUTY IS PAIN Short Term Falling Joint Pain Blisters, corns, calluses Stress Fractures Toe nail fungus Ingrown toe nails Long Term Bunions Hammer Toes “Pump Bump” Shortened Tendon & Muscle Fibers Osteoarthritis Chronic Pain WHY BOTHER? “It’s a natural feminine instinct to accessorize.” – Christian Louboutin Heels make you appear slimmer, with more muscle tone. Heels give the illusion of longer, leaner legs. They increase the wearer’s confidence. They alter your posture, helping keep your head high. PREVIOUS STUDIES Knee pressure increased 26% Pressure on forefoot increases 76% with 3 inch heels Contracted calf muscles may shorten and tighten Hips and spine are forced out of alignment (push center of mass forward- 2 inch pushes forward 20 to 35 deg) Achilles Tendon tightens and shortens, and can possibly rupture Your body weight is forced onto the ball of your foot (90% of weight falls on the ball, only 10 on the heel, while normally it is 60/40) PREVIOUS STUDIES: SUMMARY The higher the heel, the higher the damage. Overall, studies say to leave the heels behind. GOALS Decrease pain and injury Increase longevity of wear Increase stability in walking/standing Create new heel that keeps all the benefits (confidence, muscle tone, etc.), yet is less harmful OUR RESEARCH Simulate the effects of walking in heels. Study the 6 determinants of gait with and without a high heel. Use force plate and kinematic data from study to aid in design of new heel. Compare collected data to simulated data for better understanding. SIMULATIONS In OpenSim, a comparison of a 3-inch heel to barefoot walking was created. Moment Arm, muscle-tendon length, and total force data was compared for the gastrocnemius. Using this data, the design for the new shoe was created. OUR STUDY Components Timeline 30 People: ages 20-40, 10 from each age group In each group, 5 experienced wearers, 5 non-experienced. 6 Months: 2 months: design & build new heel, simulations, gather people 2 months: testing- without heel, with regular heel, with our heel 2 months: review data and results, alter any necessary design components NEW HEEL DESIGN Added hinge in the heel Hinge has a catch so it can only move a few degrees Hidden in a platform, a small spring to help in toe-off Stability is increased, while decreasing pain caused by the changed gait from wearing heels Even though these changes in the shoe are made, you still get the benefits of the heel NEW HEEL DESIGN SHOE DESIGN FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS Heel Style Different heel styles are harder/easier to walk in and cause more/less pain. Could study the differences in these styles to learn which are best. Effects of Stairs/Hills Hills and stairs are especially harder on gait in heels. Could study these exact effects to learn what is happening in order to fix it. QUESTIONS? “Women's most desired treasures are the ones they can wear.” –TIME Magazine REFERENCES http://www.randomhistory.com/1-50/036heels.html http://www.39thandbroadway.com/importance-fashion-industry/ “In His Shoes” Marie Claire, March 2012 V.19 issue 3, Hearst Magazines, pg. 162-166 http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Articles/WO00114.cfm http://www.dconheels.com/2011/04/09/put-your-feet-in-good-hands/high-heels-2/ http://www.niftychristian.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/high_heels1.jpg “Walking on High Heels Changes Muscle Activity and the Dynamics of Human Walking Significantly.” Simonsen EB, Svendsen MB, Norreslet A, Baldvinsson HK, Heilskov-Hansen T, Larsen PK, Alkjær T, Henriksen M, Journal ofApplied Biomechanics, (August 26, 2011) “Computational simulation of high heeled shoe fitting and walking.” Jason Tak-Man Cheung, Jia Yu & Ming Zhang, Footwear Science Special Issue: Proceedings of the Ninth Footwear Biomechanics Symposium, Volume 1, Supplement 1, 2009, Pages 53-55, (July 02, 2009) “The Effect of Walking in High- and Low-Heeled Shoes on Erector Spinae Activity and Pelvis Kinematics During Gait” Mika, Anna, Lukasz Oleksy, Piotr Mika, Anna Marchewka, and Brian Clark. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 10.1097 (2012): n. page. Web. 4 Mar. 2012. <http://journals.lww.com/ajpmr/Abstract/publishahead/The_Effect_of_Walking_in_High__and_Low_Heeled.99598.asp& xgt;>. “Biomechanical Effects of Wearing High-heeled Shoes” Lee, Chang-Min, Eun-Hee Jeong, and Andris Freivals. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 28.6 (2001): 321-326. Web. 4 Mar. 2012. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169814101000385>. IMAGE & VIDEO CREDITS http://fashion-musings.onsugar.com/crazy-shoes-16622147 http://fashiondesignerbusiness.com/lady-gaga-shoes-lady-gaga-heels/lady-gaga-shoes-lady-gaga-heels http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/11/lady-gaga-dances-in-alexa_n_353845.html http://chanceplus1.com/ellen-kardashian-says-that-bruce-jenner-is-a-cross-dresser-likes-lacy-bras-high-heels/ http://www.joint-pain-expert.net/bunion.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y18iHbl-Ha8 http://epicself.com/move/treat-your-feet/ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1731871,00.html http://dolcesgabbana.webs.com/louboutinheels.html&docid=xQl6xyiyWVTPKM&imgurl=http://i2.iofferphoto.com/img/item/450/759/46/o_8.jpg&w=580&h=580&e i=l1aDT76vGYeQ9QTb_YXtBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=2876&sig=114170141333486068029&page=1&tbnh=138&tbnw =138&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:110&tx=39&ty=42
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