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1 Hosli, Madeleine O. & Rebecca Moody, Bryan O’Donovan, Serguei Kaniovski, Anna C. H. Little Squaring the
circle? Collective and distributive effects of United Nations Security Council reform, page 165
2 Zifcak, Spencer M. United Nations reform: Heading North or South? (2006) Global Change, Peace & Security:
formerly Pacifica Review: Peace, Security & amp; Global Change, page 137
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3 Schlichtmann, Klaus (1999), “A Draft on Security Council Reform” Peace and Change, vol 24, (No. 4), page 508
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4 Olsen, Poul B, Pedersen, Kaare. Problem-Oriented Project Work – a Workbook. (2008) Roskilde University Press,
Gylling, Denmark, page 312
5 The Study Board of the Social Science Basic Studies (2010) The Student Handbook for The Social Science Basic
Studies, 1st edition, Roskilde, Denmark, page 8
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6 Jackson, Robert H. , Georg Sørensen, Introduction to International Relations: Theories And Approaches (2010)
Oxford University Press, 4 edition, page 73
7 Ibid, page 74
8 Ibid, page 74
9 Ibid, page 74
10 Ibid, page 76
11 Ibid, page 74
12 Ibid, page 74
13 Waltz, N. Kenneth, Theory of International Politics (1979), McGraw-Hill Inc, page 131
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14 Jackson, Robert H. , Georg Sørensen (2010) page 74
15 Ibid, page 74
16 Ibid, page 74
17 Ibid, page 76
18 Waltz, N. Kenneth (1979), page 131
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19 Waltz, N. Kenneth (1979), page 131
20 Waltz, N. Kenneth (1979), page 131
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21 Christensen, Linde, Mortensen (2001) Staters strategier for overlevelse i det internationale system, RUC. Page 28
22 The World Bank Group. Worldwide Governance Indicators (2011) Available at:
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp Accessed 26.04.2012.
23 The World Bank Group. Worldwide Governance Indicators (2011). Available at:
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp Accessed 27.04.2012
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24 Kaufmann, Kraay, Mastruzzi. The Worldwide Governance Indicators Methodology and Analytical Issues (2010)
Policy Research Working Paper 5430. Page 5
25 Ibid, Page 4
26 Ibid, Page 2
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27 The World Bank Group. Worldwide Governance Indicators (2011). Available at:
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/resources.htm Accessed 27.04.2012
28 Kaufmann, Kraay, Mastruzzi (2010). Page 16
29 Foreign Policy. The Failed States Index 2011 (2012). Available at:
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/17/2011_failed_states_index_interactive_map_and_rankings Accessed
27.04.2012
30 Foreign Policy. The Failed States Index 2009 FAQ & Methodology (2012). Available at:
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/06/22/2009_failed_states_index_faq_methodology Accessed 27.04.2012
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31 Foreign Policy. The Failed States Index 2011 (2012). Available at:
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/17/2011_failed_states_index_interactive_map_and_rankings Accessed
17.05.2012
32 Transparency International (2012). Available at: http://www.transparency.org/ Accessed 27.04.2012.
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33 Waltz, Kenneth, Theory of International Politics (1979) Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. United States. Pages
79-101
34 Ibid, pages 81 and 89
35 Ibid, pages 73-78
36 Ibid, pages 82-83
37 Ibid, pages 88-99
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38 Ibid, page 81
39 Ibid, page 138
40 Ibid, page 61
41 Ibid, page 93
42 Ibid, page 107
43 Ibid, page 96
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44 Ibid, page 97
45 Conversations with History; Theory and International Politics (2003) Institute of International Studies, UC
Berkeley, United States of America. Available at: http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people3/Waltz/waltz-con3.html
Accessed: 20-05-2012
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52
Waltz, Kenneth (1979), page 97
Ibid, page 111
Ibid, page 118
Ibid, page 97
Ibid, pages 96-101
Ibid, page 129
Ibid, page 131
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56
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58
53 United Nations (2000) Basic Facts About the United Nations. New York, USA: News and Media Division. Page 4
54 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter I: Purposes and Principles. Article 1;1.
55 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter I: Purposes and Principles. Article 1;3.
56 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter IV: The General Assembly. Article 12;1. Available at:
http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter4.shtml (Accessed: 13-05-2012).
57 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter V: The Security Council. Article 23;1. Available at:
http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter5.shtml (Accessed: 13-05-2012).
58 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter V: The Security Council. Article 24;1. Available at:
http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter5.shtml (Accessed: 13-05-2012).
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59 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter VI: Pacific Settlement of Disputes. Article 37;2. Available
at: http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter6.shtml (Accessed: 13-05-2012).
60 Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics (1979) Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. United States. Page
164
61 Ibid, page 105
62 Ibid, page 105
63 Ibid, page 106
64 Ibid, page 107
65 Ibid, page 198
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The Forgotten Perspective
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Capability Analysis of the United States of America
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total
landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness.
For the visualization of the procedures of the analysis the United States have been chosen as example.
The United States scores the following rankings within the six categories:
United States France
Population
2
Landmass (km )
Russia
China
313,847,465
65,630,692 63,047,162 138,082,178
1,343,239,923
9,826,675
643,801
243,610
17,098,242
9,596,961
2,214,000
2,250,000
2,380,000
11,290,000
GDP (PPP) (mio. 15,040,000
USD)
Resources
bbl)
United
Kingdom
(oil 20,680,000,00 91,630,000 2,858,000,0 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,000
00
00
0
Military
689,591
expenditure (mio.
USD)
57,875
58,244
64,123
129,272
Political
effectiveness
1,44
1,56
-0,39
0,12
1,44
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking.
Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states'
rankings compared to the other states.
The United States's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores.
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68
69
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68
69
70
Waltz, Kenneth (1979), page 192
Ibid, page 98
Ibid, page 97
Ibid, page 97
See appendix 2.1.1
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72
73
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71 See appendix 2.1.2
72 See appendix 2.1.3
73 See appendix 2.1.4
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74 Waltz, Kenneth (1979), page 198
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The Forgotten Perspective
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Capability Analysis of Candidate States
Germany
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
For the visualization of the procedures of the analysis Germany have been chosen as
example. Germany scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
81,305,856
Landsmass (km2)
357,022
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
3,085,000
Oil reserves (bbl)
276,000,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
43,478
Government
effectiveness
1,55
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
Germany's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
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75
See appendix 1.2.5
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77
78
76
See appendix 1.2.4
See appendix 1.2.8
78
See appendix 1.2.6
77
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81
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82
83
79
See appendix 1.2.7
See appendix 1.2.3
81
See appendix 1.2.2
82
See appendix 1.2.1
83
See appendix 1.2.9
80
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The Forgotten Perspective
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Appendix 1.1
Table of Country Data
Population
Military expend- Country size
iture (mio. USD)* (km^2)
GDP (PPP)
(mio. USD)
Government Oil reserves
Effectiveness (bbl)
22,015,576
22,955
7,741,220
917,700
1,82
3,318,000,000
205,716,890
31,576
8,514,877
2,282,000
0,07
12,860,000,000
34,300,083
23,082
9,984,670
1,389,000
1,87 175,200,000,000
1,343,239,923
129,272
9,596,961
11,290,000
0,12
14,800,000,000
France
65,630,692
57,875
643,801
2,214,000
1.44***
91,630,000
Germany
81,305,856
43,478
357,022
3,085,000
1,55
276,000,000
1,205,073,612
44,282
3,287,263
4,463,000
-0,01
Japan
127,368,088
54,529
377,915
4,389,000
1,4
Nigeria
170,123,740
2,215
923,768
414,500
-1,2
37,200,000,000
Russia
138,082,178
64,123
17,098,242
2,380,000
-0,39
60,000,000,000
26,534,504
46,219
2,149,690
676,700
48,810,427
4,827
1,219,090
554,600
0,34
3,318,000,000
79,749,461
18,687
783,562
1,026,000
0,35
270,400,000
63,047,162
58,244
243,610
2,250,000
1,56
2,858,000,000
313,847,465
689,591
9,826,675
15,040,000
1,44
20,680,000,000
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
India
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Turkey
United
Kingdom
United
States
5,682,000,000
44,120,000
-0,08 262,600,000,000
*
Figures are at constant 2010 prices and exchange rates.
***
Dispite their same score USA still have a higer precentage than france,
and therefore is considered (marginally) better
60
The Forgotten Perspective
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Capability Analysis of France
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
France scores the following rankings within the six categories:
United States France
United
Kingdom
Russia
China
Population
313,847,465
65,630,692
63,047,162
138,082,178
1,343,239,923
Landmass
(km2)
9,826,675
643,801
243,610
17,098,242
9,596,961
GDP (PPP)
(mio. USD)
15,040,000
2,214,000
2,250,000
2,380,000
11,290,000
Resources (oil 20,680,000,0 91,630,000
bbl)
00
2,858,000,000 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,00
00
0
Military
expenditure
(mio. USD)
689,591
57,875
58,244
64,123
129,272
Political
effectiveness
1,44
1,44
1,56
-0,39
0,12
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states'.
France's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores.
61
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of the United Kingdom
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
The United Kingdom scores the following rankings within the six categories:
United States France
United
Kingdom
Russia
China
Population
313,847,465
65,630,692
63,047,162
138,082,178
1,343,239,923
Landmass
(km2)
9,826,675
643,801
243,610
17,098,242
9,596,961
GDP (PPP)
(mio. USD)
15,040,000
2,214,000
2,250,000
2,380,000
11,290,000
Resources (oil 20,680,000,0 91,630,000
bbl)
00
2,858,000,000 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,00
00
0
Military
expenditure
(mio. USD)
689,591
57,875
58,244
64,123
129,272
Political
effectiveness
1,44
1,44
1,56
-0,39
0,12
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states'.
The United Kingdom's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores.
62
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Russia
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
Russia scores the following rankings within the six categories:
United States France
United
Kingdom
Russia
China
Population
313,847,465
65,630,692
63,047,162
138,082,178
1,343,239,923
Landmass
(km2)
9,826,675
643,801
243,610
17,098,242
9,596,961
GDP (PPP)
(mio. USD)
15,040,000
2,214,000
2,250,000
2,380,000
11,290,000
Resources (oil 20,680,000,0 91,630,000
bbl)
00
2,858,000,000 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,00
0
00
Military
expenditure
(mio. USD)
689,591
57,875
58,244
64,123
129,272
Political
effectiveness
1,44
1,44
1,56
-0,39
0,12
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states'.
Russia's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores.
63
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of China
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
China scores the following rankings within the six categories:
United States France
United
Kingdom
Russia
China
Population
313,847,465
65,630,692
63,047,162
138,082,178
1,343,239,923
Landmass
(km2)
9,826,675
643,801
243,610
17,098,242
9,596,961
GDP (PPP)
(mio. USD)
15,040,000
2,214,000
2,250,000
2,380,000
11,290,000
Resources (oil 20,680,000,0 91,630,000
bbl)
00
2,858,000,000 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,00
00
0
Military
expenditure
(mio. USD)
689,591
57,875
58,244
64,123
129,272
Political
effectiveness
1,44
1,44
1,56
-0,39
0,12
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states'.
China's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores.
64
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
Australia
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
Australia scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
22,015,576
Landsmass (km2)
7,741,220
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
917,700
Oil reserves (bbl)
3,318,000,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
22,955
Government
effectiveness
1,82
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
Australia's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
65
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
Brazil
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
Brazil scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
205,716,890
Landsmass (km2)
8,514,877
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
2,282,000
Oil reserves (bbl)
12,860,000,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
31,576
Government
effectiveness
0,07
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
Brazil's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
66
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
Canada
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
Canada scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
34,300,083
Landsmass (km2)
9,984,670
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
1,389,000
Oil reserves (bbl)
175,200,000,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
23,082
Government
effectiveness
1,87
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
Canada's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
67
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
Japan
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
Japan scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
1,205,073,612
Landsmass (km2)
3,287,263
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
4,463,000
Oil reserves (bbl)
5,682,000,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
44,282
Government
effectiveness
-0,01
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
Japan's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
68
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
India
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
India scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
127,368,088
Landsmass (km2)
377,92
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
4,389,000
Oil reserves (bbl)
44,120,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
54,529
Government
effectiveness
1,4
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
India's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
69
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
Nigeria
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
Nigeria scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
170,123,740
Landsmass (km2)
923,768
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
414,500
Oil reserves (bbl)
37,200,000,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
2,215
Government
effectiveness
-1,2
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
Nigeria's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
70
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
Saudi Arabia
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
Saudi Arabia scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
26,534,504
Landsmass (km2)
2,149,690
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
676,700
Oil reserves (bbl)
262,600,000,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
46,219
Government
effectiveness
-0,08
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
Saudi Arabia's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
71
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
South Africa
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
South Africa scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
48,810,427
Landsmass (km2)
1,219,090
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
554,600
Oil reserves (bbl)
3,318,000,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
4,827
Government
effectiveness
0,34
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
South Africa's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
72
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
Capability Analysis of Candidate States
Turkey
The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of
quantitative data.
The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories;
Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and
political effectiveness.
Turkey scores the following rankings within the six categories:
Population
79,749,461
Landsmass (km2)
783,562
GDP (PPP) (mio USD)
1,026,000
Oil reserves (bbl)
270,400,000
Military expenditure
(mio USD)
18,687
Government
effectiveness
0,35
The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final
total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and
measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states.
Turkey's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores.
73
The Forgotten Perspective
- a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council
74