The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential
The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council – – 1 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council – 2 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 3 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 4 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - 5 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - 1 2 1 Hosli, Madeleine O. & Rebecca Moody, Bryan O’Donovan, Serguei Kaniovski, Anna C. H. Little Squaring the circle? Collective and distributive effects of United Nations Security Council reform, page 165 2 Zifcak, Spencer M. United Nations reform: Heading North or South? (2006) Global Change, Peace & Security: formerly Pacifica Review: Peace, Security & amp; Global Change, page 137 6 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 7 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 3 3 Schlichtmann, Klaus (1999), “A Draft on Security Council Reform” Peace and Change, vol 24, (No. 4), page 508 8 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 9 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 10 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 11 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 4 - 5 - 4 Olsen, Poul B, Pedersen, Kaare. Problem-Oriented Project Work – a Workbook. (2008) Roskilde University Press, Gylling, Denmark, page 312 5 The Study Board of the Social Science Basic Studies (2010) The Student Handbook for The Social Science Basic Studies, 1st edition, Roskilde, Denmark, page 8 12 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - – - 13 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 - 6 Jackson, Robert H. , Georg Sørensen, Introduction to International Relations: Theories And Approaches (2010) Oxford University Press, 4 edition, page 73 7 Ibid, page 74 8 Ibid, page 74 9 Ibid, page 74 10 Ibid, page 76 11 Ibid, page 74 12 Ibid, page 74 13 Waltz, N. Kenneth, Theory of International Politics (1979), McGraw-Hill Inc, page 131 14 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 14 15 16 17 – – 18 14 Jackson, Robert H. , Georg Sørensen (2010) page 74 15 Ibid, page 74 16 Ibid, page 74 17 Ibid, page 76 18 Waltz, N. Kenneth (1979), page 131 15 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - - 16 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - - 17 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council – – 18 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 19 20 19 Waltz, N. Kenneth (1979), page 131 20 Waltz, N. Kenneth (1979), page 131 19 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council – – 20 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 21 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 21 - 22 - 23 21 Christensen, Linde, Mortensen (2001) Staters strategier for overlevelse i det internationale system, RUC. Page 28 22 The World Bank Group. Worldwide Governance Indicators (2011) Available at: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp Accessed 26.04.2012. 23 The World Bank Group. Worldwide Governance Indicators (2011). Available at: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp Accessed 27.04.2012 22 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 24 – – – – – 25 – 26 - 24 Kaufmann, Kraay, Mastruzzi. The Worldwide Governance Indicators Methodology and Analytical Issues (2010) Policy Research Working Paper 5430. Page 5 25 Ibid, Page 4 26 Ibid, Page 2 23 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - - 27 - - 28 29 - - 30 27 The World Bank Group. Worldwide Governance Indicators (2011). Available at: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/resources.htm Accessed 27.04.2012 28 Kaufmann, Kraay, Mastruzzi (2010). Page 16 29 Foreign Policy. The Failed States Index 2011 (2012). Available at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/17/2011_failed_states_index_interactive_map_and_rankings Accessed 27.04.2012 30 Foreign Policy. The Failed States Index 2009 FAQ & Methodology (2012). Available at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/06/22/2009_failed_states_index_faq_methodology Accessed 27.04.2012 24 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 31 32 - - - 31 Foreign Policy. The Failed States Index 2011 (2012). Available at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/17/2011_failed_states_index_interactive_map_and_rankings Accessed 17.05.2012 32 Transparency International (2012). Available at: http://www.transparency.org/ Accessed 27.04.2012. 25 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - 26 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - - - - - 27 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 28 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 29 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council – 30 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 31 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 33 34 35 - - 36 37 33 Waltz, Kenneth, Theory of International Politics (1979) Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. United States. Pages 79-101 34 Ibid, pages 81 and 89 35 Ibid, pages 73-78 36 Ibid, pages 82-83 37 Ibid, pages 88-99 32 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 38 – - 39 40 - 41 42 43 38 Ibid, page 81 39 Ibid, page 138 40 Ibid, page 61 41 Ibid, page 93 42 Ibid, page 107 43 Ibid, page 96 33 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 44 - 45 44 Ibid, page 97 45 Conversations with History; Theory and International Politics (2003) Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, United States of America. Available at: http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people3/Waltz/waltz-con3.html Accessed: 20-05-2012 34 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 - 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Waltz, Kenneth (1979), page 97 Ibid, page 111 Ibid, page 118 Ibid, page 97 Ibid, pages 96-101 Ibid, page 129 Ibid, page 131 35 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 36 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 37 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 53 - 54 55 56 – - – - 57 58 53 United Nations (2000) Basic Facts About the United Nations. New York, USA: News and Media Division. Page 4 54 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter I: Purposes and Principles. Article 1;1. 55 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter I: Purposes and Principles. Article 1;3. 56 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter IV: The General Assembly. Article 12;1. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter4.shtml (Accessed: 13-05-2012). 57 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter V: The Security Council. Article 23;1. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter5.shtml (Accessed: 13-05-2012). 58 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter V: The Security Council. Article 24;1. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter5.shtml (Accessed: 13-05-2012). 38 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 59 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations. Chapter VI: Pacific Settlement of Disputes. Article 37;2. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter6.shtml (Accessed: 13-05-2012). 60 Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics (1979) Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. United States. Page 164 61 Ibid, page 105 62 Ibid, page 105 63 Ibid, page 106 64 Ibid, page 107 65 Ibid, page 198 39 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 40 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of the United States of America The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. For the visualization of the procedures of the analysis the United States have been chosen as example. The United States scores the following rankings within the six categories: United States France Population 2 Landmass (km ) Russia China 313,847,465 65,630,692 63,047,162 138,082,178 1,343,239,923 9,826,675 643,801 243,610 17,098,242 9,596,961 2,214,000 2,250,000 2,380,000 11,290,000 GDP (PPP) (mio. 15,040,000 USD) Resources bbl) United Kingdom (oil 20,680,000,00 91,630,000 2,858,000,0 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,000 00 00 0 Military 689,591 expenditure (mio. USD) 57,875 58,244 64,123 129,272 Political effectiveness 1,44 1,56 -0,39 0,12 1,44 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states. The United States's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores. 41 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 66 67 68 69 - 70 - - – 66 67 68 69 70 Waltz, Kenneth (1979), page 192 Ibid, page 98 Ibid, page 97 Ibid, page 97 See appendix 2.1.1 42 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 71 72 73 - 71 See appendix 2.1.2 72 See appendix 2.1.3 73 See appendix 2.1.4 43 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 74 74 Waltz, Kenneth (1979), page 198 44 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 45 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - 46 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - 47 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - - 48 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States Germany The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. For the visualization of the procedures of the analysis Germany have been chosen as example. Germany scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 81,305,856 Landsmass (km2) 357,022 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 3,085,000 Oil reserves (bbl) 276,000,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 43,478 Government effectiveness 1,55 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. Germany's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 49 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - 75 75 See appendix 1.2.5 50 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 76 77 78 76 See appendix 1.2.4 See appendix 1.2.8 78 See appendix 1.2.6 77 51 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 79 80 81 – 82 83 79 See appendix 1.2.7 See appendix 1.2.3 81 See appendix 1.2.2 82 See appendix 1.2.1 83 See appendix 1.2.9 80 52 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - – - - 53 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 54 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council – – – - 55 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 56 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - – - – 57 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - - 58 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council - – - - 59 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Appendix 1.1 Table of Country Data Population Military expend- Country size iture (mio. USD)* (km^2) GDP (PPP) (mio. USD) Government Oil reserves Effectiveness (bbl) 22,015,576 22,955 7,741,220 917,700 1,82 3,318,000,000 205,716,890 31,576 8,514,877 2,282,000 0,07 12,860,000,000 34,300,083 23,082 9,984,670 1,389,000 1,87 175,200,000,000 1,343,239,923 129,272 9,596,961 11,290,000 0,12 14,800,000,000 France 65,630,692 57,875 643,801 2,214,000 1.44*** 91,630,000 Germany 81,305,856 43,478 357,022 3,085,000 1,55 276,000,000 1,205,073,612 44,282 3,287,263 4,463,000 -0,01 Japan 127,368,088 54,529 377,915 4,389,000 1,4 Nigeria 170,123,740 2,215 923,768 414,500 -1,2 37,200,000,000 Russia 138,082,178 64,123 17,098,242 2,380,000 -0,39 60,000,000,000 26,534,504 46,219 2,149,690 676,700 48,810,427 4,827 1,219,090 554,600 0,34 3,318,000,000 79,749,461 18,687 783,562 1,026,000 0,35 270,400,000 63,047,162 58,244 243,610 2,250,000 1,56 2,858,000,000 313,847,465 689,591 9,826,675 15,040,000 1,44 20,680,000,000 Australia Brazil Canada China India Saudi Arabia South Africa Turkey United Kingdom United States 5,682,000,000 44,120,000 -0,08 262,600,000,000 * Figures are at constant 2010 prices and exchange rates. *** Dispite their same score USA still have a higer precentage than france, and therefore is considered (marginally) better 60 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of France The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. France scores the following rankings within the six categories: United States France United Kingdom Russia China Population 313,847,465 65,630,692 63,047,162 138,082,178 1,343,239,923 Landmass (km2) 9,826,675 643,801 243,610 17,098,242 9,596,961 GDP (PPP) (mio. USD) 15,040,000 2,214,000 2,250,000 2,380,000 11,290,000 Resources (oil 20,680,000,0 91,630,000 bbl) 00 2,858,000,000 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,00 00 0 Military expenditure (mio. USD) 689,591 57,875 58,244 64,123 129,272 Political effectiveness 1,44 1,44 1,56 -0,39 0,12 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states'. France's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores. 61 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of the United Kingdom The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. The United Kingdom scores the following rankings within the six categories: United States France United Kingdom Russia China Population 313,847,465 65,630,692 63,047,162 138,082,178 1,343,239,923 Landmass (km2) 9,826,675 643,801 243,610 17,098,242 9,596,961 GDP (PPP) (mio. USD) 15,040,000 2,214,000 2,250,000 2,380,000 11,290,000 Resources (oil 20,680,000,0 91,630,000 bbl) 00 2,858,000,000 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,00 00 0 Military expenditure (mio. USD) 689,591 57,875 58,244 64,123 129,272 Political effectiveness 1,44 1,44 1,56 -0,39 0,12 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states'. The United Kingdom's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores. 62 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Russia The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. Russia scores the following rankings within the six categories: United States France United Kingdom Russia China Population 313,847,465 65,630,692 63,047,162 138,082,178 1,343,239,923 Landmass (km2) 9,826,675 643,801 243,610 17,098,242 9,596,961 GDP (PPP) (mio. USD) 15,040,000 2,214,000 2,250,000 2,380,000 11,290,000 Resources (oil 20,680,000,0 91,630,000 bbl) 00 2,858,000,000 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,00 0 00 Military expenditure (mio. USD) 689,591 57,875 58,244 64,123 129,272 Political effectiveness 1,44 1,44 1,56 -0,39 0,12 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states'. Russia's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores. 63 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of China The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. China scores the following rankings within the six categories: United States France United Kingdom Russia China Population 313,847,465 65,630,692 63,047,162 138,082,178 1,343,239,923 Landmass (km2) 9,826,675 643,801 243,610 17,098,242 9,596,961 GDP (PPP) (mio. USD) 15,040,000 2,214,000 2,250,000 2,380,000 11,290,000 Resources (oil 20,680,000,0 91,630,000 bbl) 00 2,858,000,000 60,000,000,0 14,800,000,00 00 0 Military expenditure (mio. USD) 689,591 57,875 58,244 64,123 129,272 Political effectiveness 1,44 1,44 1,56 -0,39 0,12 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the other states'. China's score will thus vary depending on the other states' scores. 64 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States Australia The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. Australia scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 22,015,576 Landsmass (km2) 7,741,220 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 917,700 Oil reserves (bbl) 3,318,000,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 22,955 Government effectiveness 1,82 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. Australia's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 65 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States Brazil The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. Brazil scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 205,716,890 Landsmass (km2) 8,514,877 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 2,282,000 Oil reserves (bbl) 12,860,000,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 31,576 Government effectiveness 0,07 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. Brazil's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 66 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States Canada The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. Canada scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 34,300,083 Landsmass (km2) 9,984,670 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 1,389,000 Oil reserves (bbl) 175,200,000,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 23,082 Government effectiveness 1,87 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. Canada's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 67 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States Japan The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. Japan scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 1,205,073,612 Landsmass (km2) 3,287,263 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 4,463,000 Oil reserves (bbl) 5,682,000,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 44,282 Government effectiveness -0,01 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. Japan's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 68 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States India The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. India scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 127,368,088 Landsmass (km2) 377,92 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 4,389,000 Oil reserves (bbl) 44,120,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 54,529 Government effectiveness 1,4 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. India's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 69 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States Nigeria The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. Nigeria scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 170,123,740 Landsmass (km2) 923,768 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 414,500 Oil reserves (bbl) 37,200,000,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 2,215 Government effectiveness -1,2 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. Nigeria's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 70 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States Saudi Arabia The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. Saudi Arabia scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 26,534,504 Landsmass (km2) 2,149,690 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 676,700 Oil reserves (bbl) 262,600,000,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 46,219 Government effectiveness -0,08 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. Saudi Arabia's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 71 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States South Africa The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. South Africa scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 48,810,427 Landsmass (km2) 1,219,090 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 554,600 Oil reserves (bbl) 3,318,000,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 4,827 Government effectiveness 0,34 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. South Africa's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 72 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council Capability Analysis of Candidate States Turkey The levels of capabilities of the individual states are established on the basis of quantitative data. The different levels of capabilities are being measure through the six categories; Population, total landmass, GDP (PPP), resources (oil), military expenditure, and political effectiveness. Turkey scores the following rankings within the six categories: Population 79,749,461 Landsmass (km2) 783,562 GDP (PPP) (mio USD) 1,026,000 Oil reserves (bbl) 270,400,000 Military expenditure (mio USD) 18,687 Government effectiveness 0,35 The rankings of the different categories have different values and cannot be form a final total ranking. Therefore it is necessary to keep the different categories divided and measure the individual states' rankings compared to the permanent member states. Turkey's score will vary depending on the permanent member states' scores. 73 The Forgotten Perspective - a Neorealist View on Potential New Members of the United Nations Security Council 74
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