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Integrated Pest Management Plan
November 2012
Clean Water Services
2550 SW Hillsboro Highway
Hillsboro, Oregon 97123
(503) 681-3600
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1
WHAT IS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................ 1
SELECTION OF MANAGEMENT METHODS .................................................................................................... 2
VEGETATION MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................................ 3
TURF PEST MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 4
VERTEBRATE PEST MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 5
MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................................................... 6
GENERAL CRITERIA FOR PESTICIDE USE ........................................................................................................ 7
SITE-SPECIFIC PESTICIDE USE ........................................................................................................................ 7
Table 1. Clean Water Services Vegetated Corridor (VC) Widths .................................................................. 8
NOTIFICATION OF PESTICIDE USE ................................................................................................................. 9
PESTICIDE CLOSED CONTAINER PROGRAM .................................................................................................. 9
PESTICIDE APPLICATION DECISIONS AND PROCEDURES .............................................................................. 9
WORKER PROTECTION STANDARD ............................................................................................................. 10
LICENSING ................................................................................................................................................... 10
PESTICIDE STORAGE AND TRANSPORT ....................................................................................................... 10
PESTICIDE APPLICATION RECORDS ............................................................................................................. 11
USE OF REMAINING SOLUTIONS AND RINSES ............................................................................................ 11
DISPOSAL OF EMPTY CONTAINERS AND UNUSABLE PESTICIDE ................................................................. 11
PESTICIDE SPILL TO THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................... 11
ACCIDENTAL PESTICIDE EXPOSURE............................................................................................................. 12
REVISIONS PROCESS .................................................................................................................................... 12
DISCLAIMER................................................................................................................................................. 12
REFERENCES AND RESOURCES.................................................................................................................... 13
ONLINE IPM RESOURCES............................................................................................................................. 14
ONLINE PESTICIDE RESOURCES ................................................................................................................... 15
APPENDIX A: INVASIVES
Table 1: Invasive Plant Species
Table 2: Treatment Options for Common Invasive Plants (see Appendices C and F for specific options)
Table 3: Invasive Insects
APPENDIX B: EARLY DETECTION AND RAPID RESPONSE (EDRR)
Table 4: Priority EDRR Plants for the Tualatin Basin and Clean Water Services
Appendix C: WEED MANAGEMENT CALENDAR
APPENDIX D: IPM DECISION TREE
APPENDIX E: APPROVED PRODUCTS LIST
APPENDIX F Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Guide for Common Weeds
APPENDIX G: FACT SHEET 2300A PESTICIDE APPLICATION GENERAL PERMIT
APPENDIX H: 2300A PESTICIDE APPLICATION GENERAL PERMIT
APPENDIX I: WASHINGTON COUNTY MOSQUITO CONTROL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CATCH BASINS
APPENDIX J: SPRAY LOG
APPENDIX K: CAUTION HERBICIDE SIGN
INTRODUCTION
Clean Water Services (the District) and its co-implementers work together to protect and enhance water
quality in the Tualatin River Watershed in support of both the Clean Water and Endangered Species
Acts. These guidelines for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) seek to provide an effective and
environmentally sensitive approach to pest management based on the life cycles of pests and their
interactions with the environment. IPM seeks to manage pest damage by the most economical means,
and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.
The District and co-implementers are required by the Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) under the
MS4 permit to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the stormwater system to the maximum extent
practicable from properties they own or operate, in part by implementing a management program to
control and minimize the use and application of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers.. The IPM program
is intended to meet this permit requirement. Co-implementers that have not implemented their own
IPM plan may use this document to assure compliance. This IPM update incorporates many
requirements of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality’s (DEQ) Pesticide Application General
Permit (PAGP 2300-A) which took effect October 31, 2011 and is appropriate for other Tualatin Basin
land managers.
IPM is most effective in conjunction with measures that prevent the introduction or establishment of
new invasive species. The approach outlined in this document is being integrated into a regional invasive
species Early Detection-Rapid Response (EDRR) program currently under development in the Tualatin
Basin. This vegetation management strategy emphasizes education, monitoring for early detection, and
control or eradication of invasive species. We have selected those species with the greatest potential to
harm our operations, or the economic well-being of the District and its region. Invasive species with new
or changing control techniques receive more attention than typical landscape weeds and pests. (See
Appendices A and B for more about invasives and EDRR).
WHAT IS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
IPM is based on the life cycles of pests and their interactions with the environment, and manages pest
damage while limiting the hazard to people, property, and the environment. The IPM approach sets
thresholds, conducts evaluations and makes decisions that may result in the use of physical, cultural,
mechanical, biological and chemical controls or a combination of means. IPM best practices include:
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Know the pest.
Set appropriate thresholds.
Use the most appropriate control technique or pesticide, starting with the least toxic.
Pay careful attention to the method and rate of application (as per labeling instructions).
Maintain equipment and safely handle materials.
Stay educated on pest control techniques through licensure, professional associations,
testing, and regulation of the pesticides.
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IPM begins with careful avoidance of pests through cultural practices, prevention, early detection, then
evaluation of pests before a chemical option is selected.
SELECTION OF MANAGEMENT METHODS
At a minimum, practitioners shall consider the following factors during the selection of management
methods and products.
Site characteristics
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Susceptibility to erosion and potential soil movement through runoff
Intended use and function
Feasibility of the method given the area and scope of the problem
Relative importance of expectations by the public of manicured versus natural areas
Conditions such as soil type, grade, drainage patterns, and presence of surface water
Possible health and safety effects
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Short and long term toxicological properties and any other potential health effects of the
materials or methods, both to the applicator and the public
Equipment or method safety for both the operator and the public
Potential environmental effects
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Acute and chronic toxicity to non-target aquatic and terrestrial species
Impacts to non-target organisms
Impacts to federally listed threatened or endangered species
Environmental effects from potential bioaccumulation
Unintentional introduction or establishment of invasive species
Pesticide characteristics
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Possible residual effect, decomposition pathways, rates, and breakdown products
Volatility and flammability
Solubility, and surface and soil bonding characteristics of the product
Ease of equipment cleaning after use
Positive and negative synergistic effects of product combinations
Previous pesticide applications to the site and treatment interval
Possible development of pest resistance to a material
Short and long term financial consequences
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Material or method costs
Application and labor costs
Duration and quality of control
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Feasibility of continued use
Costs associated with not treating, or delaying treatment
VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
The District and its co-implementers have planted and maintained millions of native trees and shrubs in
the Tualatin basin. These plants have served to expand and protect native plant communities that
support the water quality functions of healthy wetlands and riparian areas. Healthy native vegetation
also plays an integral role in the proper functioning of the many water quality facilities that intercept
runoff from impervious surfaces. The revegetation strategies outlined in Clean Water Services Design
and Construction Standards promote biological diversity, plant competition and succession. Successful
establishment of native vegetation and effective control of non- native, invasive vegetation depend on a
range of vegetation management practices.
Plants on the Invasive Species List (Appendix A) may be removed from Water Quality Sensitive Areas,
Vegetated Corridors and Water Quality Facilities without prior approval when their removal follows the
IPM framework outlined in this document. Other invasive plants may also be removed, but are not of
primary concern at this time. Plants on the Invasive Species List that are already growing in developed
landscapes may be replaced through attrition.
Resource managers and citizens are encouraged to report any species they notice in the Basin that
should be added to the Invasive Species List.
The characteristics considered for the Invasive Species List include:
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Potential to disrupt or displace native riparian plant communities
Potential to harm aquatic and riparian resources
Potential to damage sanitary and storm infrastructure
Oregon state listing
Proper timing can be critical to the effectiveness of vegetation management practices. The IPM Calendar
in Appendix C provides recommendations based on local experience and research.
State and Federal agencies designate particularly undesirable invasive plants as noxious weeds. Many
harmful invasive plants are not yet listed as noxious weeds because the official designation process
takes time. As part of its IPM strategy, the District actively participates in the 4-County Cooperative
Weed Management Area (4-County CWMA) and ongoing research to stay ahead of new invasive threats.
In Oregon, officially designated noxious weeds are listed on the Oregon Department of Agriculture’s
website: http://oregon.gov/ODA/PLANT/WEEDS/. The Oregon Invasive Species Council also maintains a
list of the worst invasives at their website: http://oregon.gov/OISC/.
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TURF PEST MANAGEMENT
The establishment and maintenance of healthy turf that resists weeds requires a proper site, good root
zone conditions, optimum fertility levels, adequate irrigation, correct mowing practices, and other
factors. The District and co-implementers may use selective herbicides to reduce or eliminate weeds.
Turf health practices by the District or its co-implementers that reduce pests include:
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Proper siting
Site and soil preparation
Drainage improvements
Prune adjacent plants to increase sunlight penetration
Select proper grass seed varieties
Core aeration
Overseeding
Mulch mowing to leave clippings on site
Mow at proper height and frequency
Proper irrigation practices
Proper fertilization
Application of selective broadleaf herbicides
Because the acceptable level of turf quality and tolerance of weeds varies with the site, the use of
additional controls is based on evaluation of the location, public expectations, activities taking place on
the turf, previous control attempts, and stresses placed upon the site. The management effort must
consider and employ all applicable cultural and mechanical methods to reduce soil compaction, improve
soil structure, increase drainage capacity, and encourage healthy and vigorous turf growth through
proper fertilization. Only turf-labeled herbicides may be used.
Special Considerations for Turf
Because turf is widely used by children and pets, applications of broadleaf herbicides must be carefully
follow the label directives to minimize any potential impacts on these users. Each application should
consider the factors outlined below.
Time of day: Apply during the best time of day to avoid public use, high temperatures, and wind.
Generally this would be early morning, which may require scheduling employees to spray before park
users arrive. To minimize public inconvenience or concerns, applications may take several days.
Scheduling: Contact schools and departments to coordinate treatments and avoid recreation and
athletic field uses, nearby school activities and all anticipated uses.
Signage: Place signs around the perimeter to ensure adequate notice before users reach the site. Signs
must remain in place to keep users out until sprayed surfaces are completely dry and re-entry
requirements are met.
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Season: Plan applications at the ideal time for turf weed control, typically during spring and fall when
weed growth is active and turf stress due to dry or hot weather is reduced.
Drift: Minimize any possible drift to unintended areas and cease application during windy conditions.
Boom sprayers may increase the potential for drift. Use of backpack sprayers, appropriate pressure,
correct nozzles and other techniques can reduce drift.
Targeted use: Spot spray instead of broadcast application when possible to minimize the volume of
pesticide used.
Rodent control: Tolerate tunneling and hilling unless it creates a safety hazard or water quality problem.
Gophers and moles may be mechanically trapped in tunnels only by licensed personnel or contractors
(Ornamentals and Turf endorsement of the Public Pesticide Applicators license). Set traps to be hidden
from view and so they are not a safety hazard for landscape users.
VERTEBRATE PEST MANAGEMENT
Rats, voles, moles, mice, and gophers can cause health and safety problems and may damage buildings,
facilities and other infrastructure. Nutria (Myocastor coypus) are non- native, invasive rodents that
cause extensive damage to stream banks, irrigation ditches and native vegetation. Nutria are classified
as unprotected Nongame Wildlife (OAR 635-044-0132) and may be removed without a license. Nutria
and any other unprotected rodents may be trapped mechanically as long as traps do not present a
safety hazard.
All non-lethal and lethal rodent control methods must comply with local, state and federal laws. The use
of chemical rodenticides must follow IPM guidelines. Rodenticides may cause direct or indirect toxicity
to non-target organisms and may pose a threat to people with access to baited areas. Users must have
appropriate licenses prior to using rodenticides in publicly accessible areas.
For nutria or other rodent trapping services contact Oregon Wildlife Services at (503)326-2346 or visit
www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage. A list of State licensed Wildlife Control Operators is available
from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife at
http://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/license_permits_apps/wildlife_control_operator_cont acts.asp or
at (503) 947-6000.
Beaver (Castor canadensis) activity can damage trees and shrubs in wetland and riparian areas. Over
time beaver dams change the geomorphic character of stream and wetland environments, but they
rarely influence flood elevations (with the exception of clogging culverts or other infrastructure with
debris) The District’s beaver management policy supports the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watershed
guidelines, as follows:
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The construction and maintenance of dams by beaver is a natural process benefiting salmon and
other fish and wildlife species by creating beneficial pool and wetland habitat in many stream
reaches.
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The goal of management efforts should be to maintain or improve the distribution and amount
of beaver pond habitat without creating unacceptable risks of damage to other public and
private resources.
Lethal control is usually only a temporary solution. Beaver populations are at or near carrying
capacity and removing a beaver only opens up living space for a new beaver.
If a beaver dam affects drainage pipes or culverts and creates a substantial flood risk to a structure or
other significant property damage, the affected property owner may remove or modify the beaver dam
to restore flow. The property owner may also request assistance from the Oregon Department of Fish
and Wildlife (ODFW), which has the authority to regulate the trapping, hunting, and transportation of
beaver. Beaver may be taken during trapping season by a licensed trapper or by the landowner with a
landowner trapping license. Lethal control outside the trapping season requires a kill permit issued by
ODFW.
For beaver trapping services contact Oregon Wildlife Services at (503) 326-2346 or visit
www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage. A list of State licensed Wildlife Control Operators is available
from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife at (503) 947-6000 or
http://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/license_permits_apps/wildlife_control_operator_cont acts.asp.
MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT
Mosquitoes breed in wetlands, slow moving waterways, drainage ditches and other standing water.
Effective control focuses on eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed. The safest and most
useful approach is to eliminate unnecessary pools of water and to maintain swimming pools, catch
basins and birdbaths. Because mosquitoes spread some diseases, their presence may concern residents
and result in complaints and requests for action from public agencies.
The preferred control method in ponds, water features and catch basins is a biologically derived
insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti). Bti is an endospore- forming bacterium that is
most effective when ingested by young larvae. Bti is less effective in highly turbid waters. Bti may kill
midges, an important food source for fish and waterfowl and should not be used in natural wetlands or
streams. Instead, control by other insects, birds and bats should be encouraged through the creation of
habitat and the installation of bird or bat houses. For additional information about mosquitoes, contact
the Washington County Department of Health at (503) 846-8722 or via the county website at
http://www.co.washington.or.us/deptmts/hhs/env_hlth/vector/msqt_idx.htm
Washington County holds the PAGP for mosquito control within its jurisdiction, fully encompassing the
District’s jurisdiction. Catch basin mosquito control done by the District and co-implementers will be
done as a contractor to the County, following the County’s procedures. (See Appendix I)
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GENERAL CRITERIA FOR PESTICIDE USE
When dealing with pesticides, the label is the law. Pesticides on the IPM Product List may be used
according to their labeled uses in Water Quality Sensitive Areas, Vegetated Corridors, Water Quality
Facilities, Streamside Recreational Areas, and Developed Landscapes when all of the following criteria
are met:
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The activity is part of an IPM strategy that seeks to minimize pesticide use;
Best technology-based practices are followed, leaks or spills are reduced, and application
equipment is maintained in good working order;
Timing of pesticide application corresponds to the life cycle of the pests to be treated, and the
life cycle is monitored appropriately;
Pest population thresholds are determined, and monitoring ensures treatment only when the
threshold is exceeded;
Weather conditions are appropriate for the application;
A non-toxic indicator dye is used in the chemical mix to identify treated vegetation (optional
within fenced facilities);
Applicators adhere to all of the label requirements concerning the safe and effective use of the
pesticide(s);
Persons applying the pesticide meet Oregon Department of Agriculture license requirements;
Activity minimizes pesticide application within a 3-foot buffer of streams or other waterbodies;
Activity minimizes the use of pesticide over or in water; and
Monitoring, reporting and recordkeeping requirements are consistent with the PAGP 2300-A.
(see appendix J for example forms)
SITE-SPECIFIC PESTICIDE USE
Using IPM, typically the first step in pest management is a non-chemical prevention. Although we strive
to minimize the use of pesticides, this document includes guidance for applicators to comply with DEQ’s
PAGP 2300A. Any application of pesticides within 3 feet of the water’s edge must be documented. (See
Appendices G and H for more about 2300A)
Water Quality Sensitive Areas
Pesticides may be used only for the control of non-native, invasive species that threaten the health of
the habitat. Plants and other pests may be controlled using spot or area application of appropriately
labeled chemicals above the water line or within the wetland boundary. Pesticides should not be used
more than once per year except for control of invasive species that threaten water quality or habitat
value.
Vegetated Corridors
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Pesticide use within Vegetated Corridors (Table 1) is limited to the control of non-native, invasive
species that threaten the health of the habitat or hinder the establishment or maintenance of native
plant communities. See Table X for Vegetated Corridor widths.
Water Quality Facilities
Pesticide use within Water Quality Facilities is limited to the control of non-native, invasive species that
hinder proper facility function or the establishment or maintenance of native plant communities. Plants
may be controlled using spot or area application above the water line when such a line is apparent.
Streamside Recreational Areas
Where regular lawn maintenance must occur (e.g., on golf courses and manicured parks) and there are
no Vegetated Corridors, the District and its co-implementers will maintain a minimum 25-foot buffer for
streams and wetlands in which neither fertilizers nor pesticides are applied, except for invasive species
control.
Developed Landscapes
Pesticide use within the context of IPM is allowed in Developed Landscapes to control undesired
vegetation or other pests. Developed Landscapes exclude Sensitive Areas, Vegetated Corridors and
Water Quality Facilities and Streamside Recreational Areas.
Table 1. Clean Water Services Vegetated Corridor (VC) Widths
Sensitive Area Type
VC Width on Slopes < 25% VC Width on Slopes > 25%
Existing or created wetlands:
< 0.5 acres and isolated*
25 ft.
Variable from 25-200 ft.
< 0.5 acres and not isolated*
50 ft.
Variable from 50-200 ft.
> 0.5 acres and isolated*
50 ft.
Variable from 50-200 ft.
Natural lakes, ponds, and
in-stream impoundments
50 ft.
Variable from 50-200 ft.
Springs:
Intermittent flow
0 ft.
15 ft.
Perennial flow
50 ft.
Variable from 50-200 ft.
Intermittent Streams draining:
< 10 acres
0 ft.
0 ft.
> 10 to < 50 acres
15 ft.
Variable from 50-200 ft.
> 50 to < 100 acres
25 ft.
Variable from 50-200 ft.
> 100 acres
50 ft.
Variable from 50-200 ft.
Perennial Streams:
Other than Tualatin River
50 ft.
Variable from 50-200 ft.
Tualatin River
125 ft.
Variable from 125-200 ft.
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NOTIFICATION OF PESTICIDE USE
Employees and contractors of the District and its co-implementers shall notify the public of pesticide
application at publicly accessible sites by posting approved signs in clearly visible locations at all entries
and trailheads near the treated area. The signs must include the name of pesticide(s) applied and a
phone number for additional information. See Appendix K for the District’s Pesticide Use Notification
Sign. The signs should be placed where people will see them before they enter the treated area.
Signs may be removed after the re-entry requirements on the label have been met. If the label does not
specify a re-entry interval, applicators may remove the signs after the liquid pesticide has dried.
For any pesticide application on or immediately adjacent to school property, there may be additional
notification requirements. Where landscaped facilities are adjacent to schools, the District and its coimplementers shall provide the school with a list of pesticides to be used, Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) forms and a schedule of the approximate frequency of applications.
PESTICIDE CLOSED CONTAINER PROGRAM
The District and its vegetation management contractors will use a closed container system wherever
possible with commonly applied herbicides such as triclopyr and glyphosate. The closed container
system has reusable/refillable containers of premixed herbicide, surfactant, and indicator dye that are
automatically diluted to the proper concentration. Closed-containers reduce spills, eliminate issues with
rinsing equipment, keep pesticides jugs out of the landfill, and decrease the amount of chemical in the
watershed. The systems are efficient and provide accurate tracking of pesticide use. They are also safer
for workers because there is less direct exposure to chemicals.
Since spring of 2012, the closed container system has been used by all contractors working on projects
managed by the District’s Capital Engineering and Watershed Management Departments. Contractors
using this system submit a spray log at invoicing that allows the District to track pesticide use across
projects and application areas. The spray log is located in Appendix J.
PESTICIDE APPLICATION DECISIONS AND PROCEDURES
Pesticides should be applied by directed, low volume, single wand sprayers, wiping, daubing and
painting equipment, or injection systems. Boom application shall be limited to large scale (>5 acres)
natural resources enhancement or farming activities. It is important to manage pesticide drift when
surface waters or beneficial plants are nearby. Control nozzle size, pressure and droplet size to minimize
drift.
Application checklist:
1. Read pesticide label.
2. Check and calibrate application equipment for safety and efficiency.
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3. Check the weather conditions. Unless otherwise indicated on the product label, avoid pesticide
use when air temperature is above 80 degrees Fahrenheit, it is raining or expected to rain within
24 hours, or wind speed is either less than one or greater than five miles per hour.
4. Post notification signs at all entrances to sites associated with pesticide applications.
5. List re-entry specifications on the signs if required by the label.
6. Apply material according to the label and in accordance with State and Federal regulations.
7. Record pesticide application on application forms.
8. Remove signs when the liquid pesticide has dried, unless indicated otherwise on the label.
WORKER PROTECTION STANDARD
The federal Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is designed to protect employees engaged in pesticide
application from occupational exposure to pesticides. WPS contains requirements for notifying
employees of applications, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and restrictions on entry into
treated areas.
Specific PPE information is available on the product label and in the Material Safety Data Sheets.
Personnel who have any contact with pesticides shall follow all PPE requirements.
LICENSING
Contractors working for the District and its co-implementers must be licensed as required by the Oregon
Department of Agriculture’s Pesticide Licensing in Oregon, which is available at
http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/PEST/docs/pdf/licguide.pdf. Contractors must also have Commercial
Operator Licenses and the appropriate Commercial Applicator or Trainee Licenses for each applicator.
Responsibility for maintaining a valid license lies with the applicator. Employees of the District and its
co-implementers may purchase and apply non-restricted use pesticides without a license if the following
conditions are met: 1) application site is under the management or ownership of the employee’s
jurisdiction or agency; and, 2) application does not involve fuel or electric powered equipment.
PESTICIDE STORAGE AND TRANSPORT
Pesticides or pesticide containers shall be kept in secure and safe locations in accordance with local,
state, and federal laws. This includes keeping them in a locked, well- ventilated, dry area where food
and drinks are never stored or prepared. The floor should be made of concrete or lined with plastic or
other impermeable surface. Containers shall be labeled with the following information: Contents (ratio
of pesticide, surfactant, water, etc.), date mixed, and volume remaining when placed in storage. Areas
used for storage shall be labeled. Pesticides shall be safeguarded from environmental damage (freezing,
vaporizing, photodecomposition or moisture).
Pesticides shall not be transported in passenger cabs of vehicles, and shall be secured within the truck
bed in tightly sealed containers.
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PESTICIDE APPLICATION RECORDS
State law requires written records to be kept for certain types of pesticide applications. Licensed
applicators must record the details of pesticide applications and keep these records for no less than
three years. These records must be available for review by the Oregon Department of Agriculture and by
the District and its co-implementers. A sample Pesticide Application Record is provided as Appendix J.
USE OF REMAINING SOLUTIONS AND RINSES
Applicators should conduct pesticide operations so that disposal of excess material is unnecessary. Prior
to mixing, applicators should consider weather conditions and predictions, target acreage and likely use
of the site by others.
All pesticide solutions and rinses should be applied to target areas according to label requirements. If
this is not possible, these solutions and rinses must be disposed of at an authorized pesticide disposal
site.
DISPOSAL OF EMPTY CONTAINERS AND UNUSABLE PESTICIDE
Agencies involved in the regulation of pesticide disposal include the Oregon State Department of
Agriculture, Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), Environmental Protection Agency, and State
and Federal OSHA programs. The District, its co- implementers and their contractors shall dispose of
pesticides and empty pesticide containers in accordance with all State and Federal regulations and label
recommendations. The disposal of these materials requires care in handling and use of all necessary
protective equipment.
Unusable pesticides are ones that: 1) are damaged through vaporization, freezing, infiltration of
moisture to containers, or photo decomposition; 2) have exceeded their shelf life; or 3) have visually
changed their composition or structure in some manner.
Pesticide disposal records should be maintained for three years along with other spray records. It is
illegal to transfer damaged or altered pesticides to another party for use. It may be necessary to arrange
for disposal of the pesticide in a manner recommended by DEQ.
PESTICIDE SPILL TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Upon becoming aware of a leak or spill, the operator must take immediate corrective action to stop and
contain leaks or spills of pesticides. Oregon Emergency Response System (OERS) must be notified at 1800-452-0311 within 24 hours of the adverse incident. Corrective action will be done to prevent
reoccurrence. A written report of a reportable adverse incident must be provided to DEQ within 30 days.
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ACCIDENTAL PESTICIDE EXPOSURE
Employees and contractors of the District and its co-implementers who apply pesticide must remain
informed of proper procedures in case of pesticide exposure. Material Safety Data Sheet information
must be available to all applicators. This information includes symptoms and procedures for handling
overexposure to individual pesticides.
Anyone who inquires about pesticide exposure should be referred to his or her personal physician, the
Oregon Poison Center (OPC), and the Pesticide and Analytical Response Center (PARC). In the event of
employee exposure to a pesticide, a report should also be filed with the employer.
Procedures in the case of a medical emergency:
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Call 911 for emergency assistance.
Contact the Oregon Poison Center at 800-222-1222.
Take a label for reference for medical personnel if it is necessary to leave the site.
Inform employee supervisor as soon as possible.
File a report with appropriate personnel.
REVISIONS PROCESS
The District and its co-implementers maintain an IPM Product List (Appendix E), which includes all
pesticides approved for use. To be included on the IPM Product List a pesticide is reviewed for efficacy,
public health and safety concerns, potential impacts to water resources and wildlife, and tendency to
move or persist in the environment.
Changes to the Invasive Species List, IPM Calendar, IPM Product List and other practices and procedures
identified in this document are reviewed and approved by a committee that has a representative from
the District’s Regulatory Affairs, Field Operations, Treatment Plant Services, Capital Engineering and
Watershed Management Departments and a representative from two or more of the District’s coimplementers. The review team will meet and approve changes annually, optimally in February.
Pesticides deleted from the IPM Product List but placed on the Do Not Restock List may be approved for
use until current supplies are exhausted or disposed of in a legal manner. Banned pesticides will be
deleted per the schedule set by law and without prior approval. The Invasive Species List and EDRR
priority list will be updated annually in consultation with the 4-County CWMA and local partners.
DISCLAIMER
The use of pesticide trade names in this document does not constitute an endorsement by Clean Water
Services or its co-implementers. Trade names have been used specifically for reader familiarity and no
discrimination is intended.
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REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
Bobbitt, Van M. et al. Pacific Northwest Landscape Integrated Pest Management Manual. Washington
State University, 1999.
Bragg, Dave, et al. Pacific Northwest Insect Control Handbook, revised annually. Extension Services of
Oregon State University, Washington State University, and University of Idaho.
Fisher. Glenn, et al. Pacific Northwest Insect Control Handbook, March, 2004. Agricultural
Communications, Oregon State University, Washington State University, and University of Idaho.
Koepsell, Paul A., Psheidt, Jay W., Plant Disease Control Handbook, 2004. Agricultural Communications,
Oregon State University, Washington State University, and University of Idaho.
McDonald. Sally A. Applying Pesticides Correctly. North Carolina State University, US Department of
Agriculture, and US Environmental Protection Agency.
Miller, Terry L. Oregon Pesticide Applicator Manual. 2004. Agricultural Communications, Oregon State
University, Washington State University, and University of Idaho.
Pscheidt, Jay W. et al. Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Control Handbook, revised annually. Extension
Services of Oregon State University, Washington State University, and University of Idaho.
Sasha Shaw and Roy Brunskill, King County Noxious Weed Control Program. Western Washington
Invasive Weed Management Calendar.
Shenk, Myron. Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual, January, 2004. Agricultural Communications,
Oregon State University, Washington State University, and University of Idaho.
Williams Ray D. et al. Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook, revised annually, Extension
Services of Oregon State University, Washington State University, and University of Idaho.
13
ONLINE IPM RESOURCES
Integrated Plant Protection Center (IPPC) Oregon State University:
http://ipmnet.org/
IPM & Related Sites in Oregon and Pacific Northwest
http://ipmnet.org/IPM_in_USA.htm#1
NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management Network http://www.cipm.info/index.cfm
OSU Pacific Northwest Nursery IPM
http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/nurspest/index.htm
PNW Weed Management Handbook
http://pnwpest.org/pnw/weeds
Portland Parks and Recreation IPM Program
http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/index.cfm?c=38296
The Nature Conservancy Invasive Species Initiative
http://tncinvasives.ucdavis.edu/
Washington State Pest Management Resource Service
http://wsprs.wsu.edu/IPM.html
Ecological Business Program: Landscaping Environmentally Responsible Landscape Services
http://www.ecobiz.org/LANDSCAPE.pdf
14
ONLINE PESTICIDE RESOURCES
California Department of Pesticide Regulation
http://www.cdpr.ca.gov
CDMS Label and MSDS site
http://www.cdms.net/manuf/manuf.asp
EPA Pesticides Program
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/
EXTOXNET
http://extoxnet.orst.edu/
National Pesticide Information Center
http://npic.orst.edu/index.html
Oregon Dept. of Agriculture Pesticides Division
http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/PEST/
15
APPENDIX A: INVASIVES
Treatment of Selected Pests
This section describes how to treat selected common or high-priority invasive plant species that the
District and co-implementers may encounter during normal maintenance, restoration or operations in
water quality facilities, Vegetated Corridors, wetlands, or other sensitive areas. Consult original sources
cited here, which include publications of the region’s extension services such as Oregon State University,
University of California, University of Idaho, or Washington State University or land management
agencies. Additional species may be listed as their treatment becomes more important.
Invasive Plant Species
The invasive plant species in Table 1 may pose threats to ecological processes and economies. Many of
these plants are present in the Tualatin Watershed and adjacent areas including Yamhill, Multnomah,
Columbia, Tillamook, or Clatsop Counties, and controlling them is a high priority.
A few of the plants listed here are not present in the immediate vicinity of the District, but are
considered to be a serious threat by the 4-County CWMA or the Oregon Invasives Species Council and
are on the early detection and rapid response (EDRR) watch lists. For more details on EDRR, see
Appendix B.
Table 1: Invasive Plant Species
Species
location
Notes
Woody knotweeds
Polygonum cuspidatum or spp.
Garlic mustard
Alliaria petiolata
Yellow flag iris
Iris pseudacorus
Purple loosestrife
Lythrum salicaria
Old man’s beard
Clematis vitalba
Reed canary grass
Phalaris arundinacea
Armenian blackberry
Rubus armenicus
English ivy
Hedera helix
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
Targeted by District noxious weed control program.
Chemical control only.
Targeted by District noxious weed control program.
Targeted by District noxious weed control program.
Targeted by District noxious weed control program.
EDRR species. Damaging to canopy trees.
Extremely common but must be controlled for effective
restoration.
Extremely common. Some mechanical control possible.
Extremely common. Some mechanical control possible.
Butterfly bush Buddleia davidii
Poison hemlock
Conium maculatum
Scotch broom
Cytisus scoparius
Morning glory
Convolvulus sepium
Bird’s-foot trefoil
Lotus corniculatus
Canada thistle
Cirsium arvense
Common teasel
Dipsacus fullonum
Hairy vetch
Vicia villosa
Knapweed
Centaurea spp.
Nightshade
Solanum dulcamara
Yellow archangel
Lamiastrum galeobdolon
Giant hogweed
Heracleum mantegazzianum
Policeman’s helmet
Impatiens glandulifera
False brome
Brachypodium sylvaticum
Red clover
Trifolium pratens
Cattail
Typha latifolia
WQF: Water Quality Facility
VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF
Escaped garden ornamental. Mechanical control possible.
WQF
Common. Problematic in WQF.
WQF
Common. Problematic in WQF.
WQF
Common. Problematic in WQF.
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF
Common.
WQF
EDRR species. Extremely difficult to control.
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
VC,
WQSA
VC,
WQSA
WQF, VC,
WQSA
WQF
Most problematic in WQF.
Common. Problematic in WQF.
Common.
Problematic in WQF.
Uncommon. Extremely problematic to control. EDRR
EDRR species. Dangerous to human health. Handle with
extreme caution.
EDRR species. Increasingly common.
EDRR species. Control immediately.
Common escaped agricultural plant. Problematic only in
WQF.
WQF
Common aggressive native plant. Problematic only in
WQF.
VC: Vegetated Corridor
WQSA: Water Quality Sensitive Area
Table 2: Treatment Options for Common Invasive Plants (see Appendices C and F for specific options)
Plant
Mechanical
Control
Chemical
Control
Special Considerations
Woody
knotweeds
Not advised
Milestone VM
(aminopyralid)
Treat with herbicides late-summer to fall only.
Polygonum
spp.
Reed Canary
Grass
Habitat
(impazapyr)
Excavate,
mow, shade
Phalaris
arundinacea
Armenian
Blackberries
Rubus
armenicus
Cut,
excavate,
mow, shade
Use care to keep vegetative material in place.
Treat before plant goes to seed
Rodeo
(glyphosate)
http://bit.ly/OSUESem9031
Rodeo
(glyphosate)
Habitat
(impazapyr)
Sethoxydim
Must be treated multiple years.
Garlon 3A
Seed bank lasts for years.
(triclopyr)
Must repeat treatment until shading is sufficient.
Milestone VM
(aminopyralid)
Rodeo
(glyphosate)
Use herbicides on fresh growth, once it’s at peak height but after it’s been cut
closer to the ground.
ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/WA/Tech/RCG_management_0509.pdf
http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/em/em8894.pdf
English ivy
Hedera helix
Cut, ground
clear, cut at
base of
trees
Garlon 3A, LM
Blackberry,
Brush
(triclopyr)
Needs good surfactant (non-ionic near water) due to waxy leaves.
Cutting with string trimmer to open leaves and stems just prior to application is
quite effective.
http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1595-e.pdf
Accord, Rodeo
(glyphosate)
False brome
Brachypodium
sylvaticum
Garlic Mustard
Alliaria
petiolata
Excavation
not advised
Rodeo (aquatic
glyphosate),
Roundup Pro
(glyphosate)
Treat during active growth and before seeds set (spring).
Hand pull in
small
patches
Rodeo
(glyphosate),
Habitat
(imazapyr)
Treat during active growth and before seeds set (spring).
http://appliedeco.org/invasive-species-resources/FBWG
http://ohioline.osu.edu/for-fact/pdf/0066.pdf
Iris
pseudacorus
Excavate
only if
contained
in water.
Habitat,
Polaris Nufarm
(imazapyr)
Foliar application during dry season, rhizome injection only on small scale, removal
of plants by mechanical means where feasible.
Giant hogweed
Not advised
Accord, Rodeo
(glyphosate)
Foliar applications during spring. Extremely dangerous, do not handle without skin
and eye protection.
Garlon 3A
(triclopyr)
http://www.invasiveplantcouncilbc.ca/publications/TIPS/Giant_Hogweed_TIPS.pdf
Accord, Rodeo
(glyphosate)
Dispose carefully, resprouts easily.
Yellow Flag Iris
Heracleum
mantegazzianu
m
Nightshade
Solanum
dulcamara
In small
patches,
hand pull
Garlon 3A
(triclopyr)
http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/health/ehipm/pdf/yellowflagiris.pdf
http://pnwhandbooks.org/weed/other-items/control-problem-weeds/hogweedgiant-heracleum-mantegazzianum
http://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/water-andland/weeds/Brochures/Bittersweet-Nightshade-factsheet.pdf
Habitat,
Polaris Nufarm
(imazapyr)
Hairy Vetch
Vicia villosa
Mow or
hand pull
small
patches
Accord, Rodeo
(glyphosate)
Long-lived seedbank; retreat as needed.
http://na.fs.fed.us/fhp/invasive_plants/weeds/hairy-vetch.pdf
Morning glory
Not advised
Convolvulus
sepium
Scot’s broom
Cytisus
scoparius
Cut or pull
with weed
wrench
2,4-D amine,
dichamba, or
glyphosate
Roots reproduce quickly.
Accord, Rodeo
(glyphosate)
Long-lived seedbank
Garlon 3A
(triclopyr)
http://pnwhandbooks.org/weed/other-items/control-problem-weeds/bindweedfield-or-perennial-morningglory-convolvulus-arvensis
http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/pnw/pnw103.pdf
(biological control: seed weevil)
Milestone VM
(aminopyralid)
Canada thistle
Cirsium
arvense
Can hand
pull in small
patches but
rhizomes
will persist
Milestone VM
(aminopyralid)
Vanquish
(dichambra)
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/natres/03108.pdf
http://pnwhandbooks.org/weed/other-items/control-problem-weeds/thistlecanada-cirsium-arvense-nonselective-andor-non-cropland-con
Telar XP or
Landmark XP
(chlorsulfuron)
Common
teasel
Dipsacus
fullonum
Pull in small
patches
only
CONFRONT
360 SL
(triclopyr +
clopyralid)
Plateau, Cadre
or Plateau EcoPak (imazapic)
Rhizomatous plants difficult to control.
http://pnwhandbooks.org/weed/other-items/control-problem-weeds/teaselcommon-dipsacus-fulionum
Invasive Vertebrate Species
Except for nutria, exotic animals listed here are not subject to regular control but early detection of them is
important. All insects listed here are priorities for control by the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA),
which should be notified if a pest is detected or suspected. Other animals listed here should be reported
to the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW). Treatment is initiated only in consultation with
these or other agencies.
Nutria (Myocastor coypus) is controlled by trapping and euthanasia with the assistance of the USDA Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services (APHIS). Report nutria problems to the District
Invasive Species Coordinator to request control. For more information, see Vertebrate Pest Management
below.
Common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) are a priority for control in the Tualatin Basin by ODFW
and other authorities. The only known breeding population was found in Fanno Creek at Koll Wetlands in
2009 and trapped in 2010. Other sightings or captures occurred in Rock and Summer creeks, and the
turtles may be in the mainstem of the Tualatin River. Report any suspected sightings of snapping turtles to
ODFW.
Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) are a common competitor with a variety of native amphibians. They are not a
high priority for the District response but should not be introduced intentionally by releases of pets into
local waterbodies.
Eastern red-eared slider (Trachemys elegans) is another common invader to the District and Willamette
Valley waterbodies. They are a competitor with a variety of native amphibians, fish and reptiles. Like the
bullfrog, they are not a high priority for the District response but should not be introduced intentionally by
releases of pets into local waterbodies.
Aquatic Invasive Invertebrates
Aquatic invasive invertebrates are exceptionally difficult to control or eradicate without drastic measures
such as draining a waterbody or chemically sterilizing it with piscidal-type pesticides such as rotenone. The
District will report these to the appropriate partners to determine the best course of action if an aquatic invasive
invertebrate is discovered within its jurisdiction. Employees or contractors who discover any of the
following species should report the sighting to ODFW.
Rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) may be found in water quality facilities and water quality sensitive
areas. They are an EDRR species and have not been reported in the Tualatin basin.
Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) may be found in water quality facilities, riparian areas and water
quality sensitive areas. They are an EDRR species, found in slow-moving waterbodies and in neighboring
counties.
New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) may be found in water quality facilities and riparian
areas. They are an EDRR species and are common in the region with a range of impacts on salmonids.
Prevention of vectoring is recommended.
Zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha, D. rostriformis bugensis) may be found in water quality
sensitive areas. They are an EDRR species and are extremely problematic. Report immediately.
Insects
Although the following insects have not been found in the Washington County area, their detection is a
high priority for the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA), Washington County agricultural and forest
industries, the District and co-implementers. If an insect pest is verified, the District will coordinate
treatment with ODA.
Table 3: Invasive Insects
Species
Water Quality
Facility
Special Notes
Emerald ash borer
WQF, RA, WQSA
High priority EDRR in Oregon. Report
immediately to ODA.
Red and black imported fire ants
Solenopsis invicta, S. richteri
WQF
EDRR. Inhabits many settings, causes severe
ecological damage, and harm to humans,
pets, and livestock.
Argentine ant
Linepithema humile
WQF, RA, WQSA
EDRR. Prefers high moisture settings, causes
severe ecological damage.
Asian and citrus longhorned beetles
Anoplophora glabripennis, A. chinensis
WQF, RA, WQSA
High priority EDRR. Consumes native
hardwoods and causes severe ecological or
economic damage.
Japanese Beatles
Popillia japonica
WQF, RA, WQSA
EDRR priority. Destructive to horticultural
crops but also lives on several native
hardwoods.
Gypsy moth
Lymantria dispar, L. mathura, L. monarcha
WQF, RA, WQSA
EDRR priority. Destructive to trees and
shrubs. Found in Portland area 2005-2009.
European wood wasp
Sirex noctilio
RA
EDRR priority. Native and exotic pine boring
insect.
Light brown apple moth
Epiphyas postvittana
WQF, RA, WQSA
EDRR priority. Utilizes wide variety of native
and horticultural plants.
Agrilus planipennis
WQF = Water Quality Facility
RA= Riparian Area WQSA= Water Quality Sensitive Area
APPENDIX B: EARLY DETECTION AND RAPID RESPONSE (EDRR)
IPM is most effective when new invasive species are also prevented. This IPM strategy is integrated with
the regional invasive species Early Detection-Rapid Response (EDRR) program in coordination with the 4County Cooperative Weed Management Area (4- County CWMA). The District is a participant in the 4County CWMA and cooperates with Tualatin Basin partners to manage invasive species. The 4-County
CWMA can be found on-line at: http://4countycwma.org/.
EDRR focuses on monitoring to find infestations at their earliest stages of invasion. Monitoring can be
passive during normal land use, work or recreational activities, or by actively searching an area for invasive
species.
Once a new invader is found, control begins rapidly to prevent its establishment and spread. After
prevention, EDRR is a successful, cost effective, and least damaging means of invasive species control (see
Figure 1 below for how cost relates to management and invasion biology).
Successful EDRR depends upon the following activities:
1. The District, its co-implementers and partners will strive to prevent introductions of invasive
species in the Tualatin Basin.
2. The District, its co-implementers and partners will strive to maintain lists of invasive species in
neighboring areas and report potential invasive introductions into the Tualatin Basin using trained
professionals and volunteers to report new invasive sightings to the Oregon Invasive Species
Hotline (OIS) (http://oregoninvasiveshotline.org/). Some high priority EDRR invasive species may
be reported on a statewide database system such as Oregon Weedmapper or iMapInvasives.
3. The District, its co-implementers and partners will strive to verify reports of new invasives and
apply appropriate treatment, especially where invaders directly impact District activities or the
health of Tualatin Basin watersheds.
4. The District will prioritize its response to species by their impact on watershed health, treatment
cost, and District operations using the following major criteria:
a. Species appears in aquatic or riparian habitats that directly impact watershed health and
therefore the District’s watershed-based permit;
b. Species directly impacts District operations and;
c. Treatment of the species is limited to chemical approaches only, adding a pesticide burden
to District surface water.
Escape
Lag Time
Introduction
Cost
Area Infested
Invasion
Time
Figure 1: Invasive species population curve illustrates the cost-effectiveness of early detection and rapid
response.
Reporting an Invasive Species within the District Boundaries
Gathering information in the Field
Employees and contractors of the District and co-implementers may assist in the early detection of
invasive species by following these steps after a find:
1. Accurately document the location so it can be found again.
2. Identify the species using a guide or watch list reference, and document as much information as you
can. District staff will help identify the species.
3. Take digital photos, using the three shot method: a wide shot of species and surrounding habitat; a
close-up of the species; a detail shot such as leaves or flowers. For insects and animals, take photos of
the habitat damage even if you can't photograph the specimen.
4. Take notes that describe the specimen and the area and habitat where you found it. Estimate the
number of individuals in the area and how widespread the infestation may be.
5. Note the location by a Global Positioning System (GPS) or map. Be accurate to help others locate the
find. If the species is on private property, get permission from the landowner before reporting.
Documentation Tools
The District recommends the following tools for reporting new invasives:
• Digital camera and/or a cell phone
• Map of the area (USGS Quad maps are ideal) or GPS unit
• Notebook and pen
• Invasive species guide or watch list for the area
Upon request, the District or Tualatin Soil and Water Conservation District can supply an appropriate EDRR
guide to employees, contractors and Co-implementers.
Reporting New Invasives
The District recommends using the Oregon Invasive Species Hotline on-line reporting form to report new
invasive species at: http://oregoninvasiveshotline.org/reports/new. An expert will review each report to
confirm the species and location. Reports for high priority species will receive immediate attention, while
lower priority species or those located in areas that are outside of the District’s jurisdiction will be
addressed later or shared with an appropriate partner or jurisdiction.
EDRR Division of Responsibilities
Tualatin Soil and Water Conservation District (TSWCD) may receive all electronic reports and disseminate
them to appropriate parties to be distributed as follows, in most cases:
•
•
•
Clean Water Services may validate and respond to riparian and aquatic invasive species
throughout Washington County.
TSWCD may validate and respond to upland invasive species in rural portions of Washington
County.
Tualatin Hills Park and Recreation District or Washington County may validate and respond to
upland invasive species in urban areas.
Priority EDRR Plants for the Tualatin Basin and Clean Water Services
These species have high potential to disrupt District operations, interfere with permit compliance, or
negatively impact watershed functions. Be on the lookout for them and report to Oregon Invasive Species
Hotline. Tualatin River watershed EDRR weed identification guides are available via District and Tualatin
Soil Water and Conservation District. In addition, the Clean Water Services public website has information
on these plants at: http://www.cleanwaterservices.org/invasive
Table 4: Priority EDRR Plants for the Tualatin Basin and Clean Water Services
Common Name
(Scientific Name)
Yellow flag Iris
Iris pseudacorus
Habitat
Notes
A, W
Already treating in selected cases, wetland invader, common
escapee of urban gardens, problematic.
Yellow floating
heart
Nymphoides peltata
Italian Lords and
Ladies
Arum italicu)
Hydrilla
Hydrilla verticillata
A
Oregon population in Beaverton and Fanno Creek watershed; spread
is probable.
R, W
Escaped garden ornamental sometimes found in riparian areas in
the basin.
A
Not in Oregon, difficult to eradicate aquatic invader, on OISC 100
Worst List. Affects water quality.
European water
chestnut
Trapa natans
Parrot feather
Myriophyllum
aquaticum
Eurasian
watermilfoil
Myriophyllum
spicatum
Lanceleaf water
plantain
Alisma petiolata
Flowering rush
Butomus umbellatus
A, W
Not in Oregon, difficult to eradicate wetland and aquatic invader, on
OISC 100 Worst List.
A, W
Common in neighboring counties and one site known in Ghost
Creek. Affects water quality.
A
Common in neighboring counties, causes serious problems in
reservoirs. Affects water quality.
A, W
Confirmed in Gotter Prairie, possibly common in some Tualatin Basin
wetlands.
A, W
In Idaho and Montana, with serious implications in the Lower
Columbia. Very problematic to control.
Common reed
Phragmites australis
var. australis
Giant reed
Arundo donax
A, W
Common in neighboring coastal counties and Columbia mainstem,
parts of Willamette mainstem.
A, W
Common garden ornamental, with extremely serious implications
for riparian areas. Candidate for Class A Noxious weed listing.
Knapweeds
Centaurea
nigrescens, C.
diffusa, C. jacea, C.
pratensis, C. stoebe
ssp. Micranthos
Perennial
Pepperweed
Lepidium latifoliu)
False brome
Brachypodium
sylvaticum
R, U,W
Extremely aggressive meadow invaders with tendency to change soil
chemistry, and plant communities. Extremely difficult to eradicate.
W
Wetland problem in Benton, Linn and Yamhill counties, extremely
difficult to eradicate.
R, U,W
Sherwood and S. Willamette Valley, moving north quickly,
Clackamas County, Tillamook Co.
Purple loosestrife
Lythrum salicaria
A,W
Already treating in selected cases, problematic wetland and aquatic
invasive.
Giant hogweed
Heracleum
mantegazzianu)
Garlic mustard
Alliaria petiolat)
R
Already treating in selected cases, common on Fanno, health hazard.
R,U
Already treating in all sub-basins and coordinating efforts with
WMSCWD and City of Portland.
Travelers joy/Old
man's beard
Clematis vitalba
Indigo bush
Amorpha fruticosa
Knotweed species
Fallopia spp. or
Persicaria wallichii
Kudzu
Pueraria lobata
R,U
Common in West Hills but could become more of a problem in
riparian areas further west. Need to monitor.
R, W
Problem in riparian areas in Columbia and Multnomah counties
R
Already treating in all sub-basins and coordinating efforts with
WMSCWD and City of Portland.
R, U
4-County CWMA EDRR Species.
Yellow archangel
Lamiastrum
galeobdolon
Goatsrue/professor
weed
Galega officinalis
Policeman's helmet
Impatiens
glandulifera
Orange hawkweed
Hieracium
aurantiacum
Meadow hawkweed
Hieracium pretense
R
Common garden ornamental, becoming common in eastern subbasins. Riparian invader, very difficult to control.
U
4-County CWMA EDRR Watch list species. Possible population in
Rock Creek watershed. Quarantine species for Oregon.
R, W
4-County CWMA EDRR Species. Difficult to eradicate riparian and
wetland species.
U
4-County CWMA EDRR Species. Highly invasive meadow species.
U
4-County CWMA EDRR Species. Meadow weed currently found in
Clackamas County.
Spurge laurel
Daphne laureola
U, R
Yellow and purple
U
4-County CWMA EDRR Species. Meadow weed currently found in
starthistle
Clackamas County.
Centaurea
solistitialis & C.
calcitrap)
R= Riparian, U=Upland, A= Aquatic, W= Wetland
Vector Control in District and Co-Implementer Activities
Vectors spread invasives from one location to another. Where equipment, soil, plant material and water
are moved from place to place it is important to prevent “vectoring” by pets, equipment, boots, vehicles or
other “vectors” that may carry eggs, seeds, plant material or other portions of the invasive to a new
location. All contractors, employees or others who work in weed or invasive infested areas should clean
themselves and their equipment before moving to a new site to avoid vectoring.
To minimize vectoring:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Clean soil and vegetation from vehicles before moving them to new areas.
Clean boots, pant legs and clothes before going to a new area.
Walk around known infestations of invasive plants.
When working in water, clean boots, waders and other equipment that is used in the water.
Inspect boats or watercraft and remove plants and mud before moving to a new waterbody.
When invasive plants are removed from a water quality facility or natural area, always bag and
dispose of the debris in the landfill (not green-waste).
7. If collecting a specimen for identification, place it in a bag and keep seeds, eggs or other materials
from contaminating new environments during transport.
8. Brush pets or other domesticated animals before moving them from one area to another.
Note: This weed management calendar is meant as a summary of general guidelines for use by restoration or vegetation management professionals who are working to limit the impact of invasives on natural area restoration projects. For each species, each row
represents one management approach. When using herbicides, always follow the label of the product being used. Herbicide suggestions in this document should not be followed if they contradict the label on the product being used. Make sure to follow all local, state or
federal regulations that apply to the particular project site. It is most effective to use an integrated vegetation management strategy. Always make sure that the benefits of the activity outweigh the impacts.
APPENDIX C
LATIN NAME
Alliaria petiolata
Buddleia davidii
Calystegia sepium or
Convolvulus arvensis
WINTER
COMMON NAME
Garlic Mustard
Butterfly Bush
Bindweed or
Morning Glory
PLANT TYPE/
TREATMENT
TYPE(S)
Herbaceous
Biennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Chemical
MINIMUM
TREATMENT
DURATION
Seeds last 7+
years
December
January
SPRING
February
March
Cirsium arvense
Cirsium vulgare
Spotted
Knapweed
Canada Thistle
Bull Thistle
Bolt/Flower
Flower
Pull rosettes if soil is moist
Pull and bag flowering stems
Leaf Out
July
FALL
August
September
October
Flower/Seed
Seed/
Rosettes
Rosettes
Pull rosettes if soil is moist
Flower
Flower/Seed
November
Dig up or weed wrench and get entire root
Foliar spray (Triclopyr)
Foliar spray (Glyphosate)
Basal or cut stump application (Triclopyr or
Glyphosate)
Emerge
Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Shade
>2 years
Chemical
>2 years
3 to 5 years
Flower
Seed
Cut or pull; remove fragments
Heavily mulch infested area
Cover infested area with landscape fabric or cardboard/woodchips - need to maintain cover so plants get no light over whole population; watch surrounding area for plants (at least 510 feet from infested area)
Foliar spray (Aminopyralid at Foliar spray or wipe on (Glyphosate at full
bud stage or Triclopyr at full bloom to early seed or Triclopyr or
flower). Unwind from
Aminopyralid at post bloom-follow up in
desireable vegetation before spring); when re-treating, wait until stems are
spraying.
> 12 inch long
Cut plants and spray/wipe on when regrowth > 12 inches (Glyphosate)
Rosettes
Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Chemical
Herbaceous
Biennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Chemical
June
Foliar spray (Glyphosate, Triclopry or Aminopyralid)
Tall Deciduous
Shrub
Manual
Chemical (option 1)
Chemical (option 2)
Mechanical +
Chemical
Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Shade
Chemical
Mechanical +
Chemical
May
Rosettes
Mechanical +
Chemical
Centaurea biebersteinii
SUMMER
April
Flower
Flower/Seed
Pull/dig up; in compacted soils will need to use fork tool or digging knife; most effective when soil is moist
Foliar spray
(Triclopyr)
>2 years
Germinate &
Rosettes
Growth
Pull/mow every 3-4 weeks
Foliar spray (Triclopyr or Glyphosate)
Bolt
Flower
Flower/Seed
Cut and Sheet Mulch
Foliar spot spray (Triclopyr or Aminopyralid)
Cut late July
Emerge
Flower
Cut below crown, mow, or dig up shortly
before flowering
Foliar spot spray (Triclopyr or Foliar spray before flower
Glyphosate)
(Glyphosate)
Seed
Germinate/Rosettes
Cut and Sheet Mulch
Foliar spot spray (Glyphosate)
Spray regrowth
late August
(Glyphosate)
Flower/Seed
Seed/Emerge
Foliar spot spray (Triclopyr or
Glyphosate)
APPENDIX C
WINTER
PLANT TYPE/
TREATMENT
TYPE(S)
Old Man's Beard Climbing
Deciduous Vine
Manual or
Mechanical
Mechanical +
Chemical (option 1)
Mechanical +
Chemical (option 2)
LATIN NAME
COMMON NAME
Clematis vitalba
Conium maculatum
Scotch Broom
Geranium robertianum
H.
Herb Robert
English Ivy
December
January
SPRING
February
March
SUMMER
April
May
Emerge
June
about 2 years
about 2 years
Rosettes
Pull plants by hand or dig up roots when soil is moist
Growth
Cut stems in fall
Bolt
Flower
Seed
Germinate
Cut to below crown (1-3 inches)
Buds/Leaf Out Flower
Seed
Growth
Pull small plants; weed wrench large plants
Cut mature stands down to ground
Foliar spray (Triclopyr, Aminopyralid, Glyphosate)
Rosettes
Manual
Chemical
Pull plants and mulch bare areas
Foliar spray
large patches
of small
seedlings
(Glyphosate)
Evergreen Woody
Vine
Manual or
Mechanical
Cultural
Chemical (option 1)
Berry/Seed
Chemical
November
Mow to 3-4 inches
Foliar spray before flowering (Aminopyralid,
Triclopyr, or Glyphosate)
Herbaceous Annual
Shading
October
Seed
Apply herbicide to regrowth in
spring
Germinate
Large Shrub;
deciduous leaves,
evergreen stems
Manual
Mechanical
Chemical
Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual or
Mechanical
September
Cut stems and wipe on (Glyphosate, Triclopyr or Metsulfuron concentrate)
2 years
Seedlings/Rosettes
Seed
Flowering/Seed
Foliar spray
large patches
of small
seedlings
(Glyphosate)
Rosettes
Foliar spray
large patches
of small
seedlings
(Glyphosate)
Vegetative
Flower
Dig up or pull up roots of accessible plants; Cut off vines (girdle) from base of trees
Foliar spray on sunny day, temp >50
degrees F (Glyphosate or mix of
Glyphosate and Triclopyr )
Mulch to depth of 8 inches
Foliar spray young plants with 24 newly expanded leaves
(Glyphosate )
Spray regrowth (Glyphosate or
Triclopyr); hand pull option
Foliar spray (Triclopyr & surfactant); more effective right after
string trimming
Chemical (option 3)
Hawkweed
August
Flower
Chemical (option 2)
Hieracium sp.
FALL
July
Pull young plants up/cut mature stems at ground; dig up roots
Poison-hemlock Herbaceous
Biennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Mechanical
Chemical
Cytisus scoparius
Hedera hibernica,
helix
MINIMUM
TREATMENT
DURATION
Foliar spray
(Aminopyralid)
Emerge
Bud/Flower
Dig up including roots and runners
Remove and discard flowers
Cover with landscape fabric or
black plastic
Foliar spray before flowers open (Triclopyr)
Foliar spray on
regrowth
(Aminopyralid)
Flower/Seed
Berry/Seed
APPENDIX C
LATIN NAME
Ilex aquifolium
WINTER
COMMON NAME
English Holly
PLANT TYPE/
TREATMENT
TYPE(S)
Evergreen Shrub or
Tree; often multistemmed
Manual
MINIMUM
TREATMENT
DURATION
Policeman's
Helmet
January
SPRING
February
March
April
Perennial
pepperweed
Lythrum salicaria
Garden
Loosestrife
Purple
Loosestrife
Emerge
Phalaris arundinacea
Reed Canary
Grass
September
October
Berry/Seed
Flower
Flower/Seed
Pull or weed whack before seeds mature; compost on tarps
Foliar spray young plants
(Glyphosate)
Emerge
Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual
Chemical
Flower
Flower/Seed
Pull or dig plants growing in sand or loose soil
Foliar spray up through bloom
stage (Chlorsulfuron with
surfactant)
Foliar spray
(Chlorsulfuron
with
surfactant)
Mowing followed by foliar applications to resprouts (Glyphosate with
appropriate surfactants)
Emerge
Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Chemical
Biocontrol
August
Cut trunk as close to the ground as possible and apply concentrated herbicide within 20-30 seconds (Triclopyr or
Glyphosate). On large trunks only the outer edge needs to be cut and treated.
Herbaceous Annual
Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Chemical
FALL
July
Pull or dig up small plants; use weed wrench on large plants
Mechanical +
Chemical
Lysimachia vulgaris
June
Flower
Manual or
Mechanical
Chemical
Lepidium latifolium
SUMMER
May
Growth
Mechanical +
Chemical
Impatiens glandulifera
December
Flower
Flower/Seed
Cut at base/dig up where possible
Foliar spray (Triclopyr or Glyphosate, aquatic
formulation with suitable surfactant); need
permit/license
Emerge
Flower
Flower/Seed
Seed
> 5 years
Pull small plants; cut large plants at base
2-3 years
Foliar spray (Glyphosate or
Triclopyr , aquatic
formulation); need
permit/license
Release galerucella beetles
on large stands
Up to 5 years
before significant
decrease in plant
density
Release
galerucella
beetles on
large stands
Perennial grass
Emerge
Manual
at least 5 yrs
Mechanical
5 to 10 years
Mechanical + Shade at least 1 year
Hand pull/dig over whole population
Mow
Mow and cover with a combination of several layers of cardboard covered with 4-6 inches
woodchips
Inundation for whole growing season
Mow fields
Foliar spray when regrowth is
before seeds 1 ft tall (Glyphosate); wait 2
mature
weeks; mow; spray again
when it is about 1 ft tall
Flooding
Mechanical +
Chemical
1 to 3 yrs
1 to 2 years
Chemical
1 year for small
patches; 2 or
more years for
large infestations
Foliar spray
young shoots
(Glyphosate );
less damage
to native
grasses
Flower
Flower/Seed
Foliar spray
before
summer
dormancy
(Glyphosate)
Seed/Growth
Foliar spray regrowth
(Glyphosate); till 2-3 weeks
after spray for improved
control
November
APPENDIX C
LATIN NAME
WINTER
COMMON NAME
Polygonum cuspidatum, Knotweed
P. bohemicum, P.
sachalinense
PLANT TYPE/
TREATMENT
TYPE(S)
Tall Rhizomatous
Perennial
MINIMUM
TREATMENT
DURATION
December
January
SPRING
February
March
April
Emerge
SUMMER
May
June
Growth
Prunus laurocerasus
English Laurel
Cut once
at least 2 years
Flower
Evergreen Shrub or
Small Tree
Manual
Blackberry
(Himalayan and
Cutleaf)
Cane-Producing
Shrub; roots at
nodes
Mechanical
Manual or
Mechanical
Cultural
Solanum dulcamara
Bittersweet
Nightshade
Herbaceous
biennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Chemical
Semi- Woody Vine
Seed
November
Die back
Foliar spray when about 3ft
(Glyphosate, Triclopyr,
Imazapyr, or Aminopyralid)
Foliar spray (Glyphosate,
Imazapyr, Aminopyralid;
Inject stems >1/2 inch for
small patches only
Seed
> 2 years
at least 2 yrs
Growth
Flower
Berry/Seed
Clear
mechanically
Clear
mechanically
(if only once:
when flowers
form)
Clear
mechanically
Cut canes/grub out crowns when soil is moist
Dig or cut regrowth
Grub out roots when soil is moist
Mulch area after blackberries
are cleared to prevent errosion
and re-invasion
Foliar spray when plants are actively growing
(Triclopyr)
Chemical (option 2)
Mechanical +
Chemical
Tansy Ragwort
October
Pull or dig up small plants; use weed wrench
on large plants
Cut trunk as close to the ground as possible and apply concentrated herbicide within 20-30 seconds (Triclopyr or Glyphosate)
Chemical (option 1)
Senecio jacobaea
September
Pull or dig up small plants; use weed wrench on large plants
Mechanical +
Chemical
Rubus armeniacus, R.
discolor, R. lacinatus
FALL
August
Flower
Mechanical +
Chemical
Chemical alone
July
Cut large canes and spot spray immediately
Clear mechanically
Rosettes
Bud/Flower
Dig up rosettes if soil is moist
Check area and repeat if necessary
Foliar spray regrowth
(Triclopyr, Aminopyralid or
Glyphosate)
Flower
Pull and bag flowering stems
Foliar spray rossettes and flowering plants (Aminopyralid or Triclopyr)
Growth
Flower
Foliar spray when canes are
actively growing and after
berries are formed
(Glyphosate); NOTE: post
sprayed areas or control
access to sprayed bushes
Flower/Seed
Seed/
Rosettes
Rosettes
Dig up rosettes if soil is moist
Foliar spray rossettes
(Aminopyralid or Triclopyr)
Seed
Clear dead
canes,
stabilize
area to
prevent
possible
erosion
APPENDIX C
LATIN NAME
Sonchus arvensis
Tanacetum vulgare
WINTER
COMMON NAME
Perennial
Sowthistle
PLANT TYPE/
TREATMENT
TYPE(S)
Manual or
Mechanical
Chemical
MINIMUM
TREATMENT
DURATION
December
January
SPRING
February
April
SUMMER
May
June
Dig up plants in winter when possible to avoid damaging
other plants
July
FALL
August
September
Dig, cut, pull or mow several times / season
Information limited. Foliar spray or wipe on,
late bud to early flower (Glyphosate, Triclopyr
or Aminopyralid); plan to spray any regrowth
Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual or
Mechanical
Shading
Chemical
Flower
Seedlings/Rosettes
Seed
Dig up including roots and runners
Remove and discard flowers
Cover with landscape fabric or black plastic
Foliar spray actively growing plants before bud
stage and at bud stage before flowers open
(Aminopyralid). Plan to spray regrowth and
beware of permit/license restrictions in coastal
and wet areas
Emerge
Common Tansy Herbaceous
Perennial
Manual
Mechanical
Chemical
March
Flower
Flower/Seed
Dig up
Dig up, cut & bag seed head
Mow/cut before
bud stage
>1 yr
Spot spray actively growing
plants (Metsulfuron), or wipe
on (chemical ?)
Cut regrowth as needed
Wipe on during flower/seed set (Glyphosate);
not as effective as metsulfuron - cut & bag
flower/seed heads
October
November
Integrated Pest Management Decision Tree
APPENDIX D
Damage from pest
discovered
How much
damage can be
tolerated?
Decide to treat
Do not treat
Low
tolerance
Identify and
document pest
Best time to
apply?
Identify the
threshold for
treatment of the
pest
How effective is
the method?
Identify range of
pest control
practices
High
tolerance
Apply cultural
Methods
Apply mechanical
Methods
Risk to applicator
Apply chemical
Methods
Risk to non-target
organisms?
Choose another
methods
Evaluate
effectiveness
Keep using
methods
Combination
Approved Locations[1]
APPENDIX E: APPROVED PRODUCTS LIST
Product
Type
Active
Ingredient(s)
Postemergent
Glyphosate
without
surfactant
Postemergent
Imazapyr
Postemergent
Halosulfuronmethyl
Nonselective
herbicide
Pelargonic fatty
acid
Postemergent
broadleaf
Triclopyr
(amine)
Example
Product
Names
Approved
Use[2]
Spot, ring or
broadcast
Accord®
spray
Concentrate, applications
with or
Rodeo®,
Aquamaster® without
approved
surfactant
Spot, ring or
broadcast
spray
applications
Habitat®
with or
without
approved
surfactant
Spot or area
Sedge
spray
Hammer®,
applications
Manage®
with
Turf
approved
Herbicide
surfactant
Top-kill of
early-stage,
®
Scythe
easily killed
weeds
Woody
plants and
difficult to
control
®
Garlon 3A ,
perennials.
Used in spot
LM
Blackberry®, spray and
cut-stem
Brush®
applications
with or
without
surfactant
SA VC WQ SR BLD DL
• • • •
•
• • • •
•
•
• • • •
•
• • • •
•
selective
herbicide
Metsulfuron
methyl
Escort®
selective
herbicide
Aminopyralid[3]
Milestone
VM®
Aminopyralid +
Triclopyr
(amine)
Milestone
VM Plus®
Postemergent
grass
selective
herbicide
Sethoxydim
Poast®
Preemergent
Trifluralin and
Isoxaben
Snapshot®
nonselective
herbicide
Pendimethalin
Pendulum®
2G
Methylated
Seed Oil
MSO, Super
Spread
MSO®
Ethylated Seed
Oil and NonIonic Surfactant
Hasten®
Food grade
colorant
DynamarkTM
U.V.
Indoxicarb
Arilon
Insecticide
lambdacyhalothrin
Demand CS
Surfactant/
Adjuvant
Indicator
dye
Insecticide
Broadleaf
control in
native
prairie
restoration
Woody
plants and
difficult to
control
perennials.
Used in
broadcast
and spot
spray with
approved
surfactant
Grass
control in
native
habitat
restoration
Broadleaf
and grass
control in
developed
landscapes
Broadleaf
and grass
control in
developed
landscapes
0.16-.32
fluid
ounce/gallon
0.16-.48
fluid
ounce/gallon
0.1 fluid
ounce/gallon
For control
of indoor
pest insects.
For control
of indoor
pest insects.
• •
•
• • • •
•
• •
•
•
• • • •
•
• • • •
•
• • • •
•
•
•
Pyrethroids
Directed jet
sprays used
for
individual
wasp and
hornet nest
treatments
posing
human
safety threat
Bacillus
thuringiensis
var. israelensis
Mosquito
control in
ponds, water
features and
catch basins.
Not for use
in streams
and
wetlands
Insecticide
Herbicide
Metam-sodium
VapoRooter®
Diquat
Razorooter®
• • • •
•
•
Root killer
for use in
sanitary
lines, only
Root killer
for use in
sanitary
lines, only
Ferrous Sulfate
Moss control
in lawns
•
Zinc or ZincCopper
Moss control
on roofs
•
Potassium salts
of fatty acids
Moss control
on roofs
•
Rodenticide
[1]SA = Sensitive Area, VC = Clean Water Services Vegetated Corridor, WQ = Water Quality Facility, SR=
Streamside Recreational Area, BLD = Building, DL = Developed Landscape
[2]Always read and abide by the most current information
[3]Applications should be outside of the drip line of non-target trees and shrubs. Treated material should
not be composted
APPENDIX F Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Guide for Common Weeds
Northwest Weed Management Partnership Revised March 13, 2012
Disclaimer: This document is a basic guide and assumes no liability toward product efficacy, loss of non-targeted
plants, or personal safety issues. Always follow label instructions, wear proper safety gear, and avoid herbicide drift.
If in doubt as to control practices, consult a licensed treatment contractor. Please refer to the PNW Weed
Management Handbook
http://uspest.org/pnw/weeds/ for specific herbicide recommendations.
Species
Armenian
(Himalayan)
Blackberry
Evergreen
Blackberry
European
Blackberry
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Mow at least twice a
year: June and
September.
-Treat with Crossbow or
Garlon 3A in the mid to
late summer or fall,
usually in
September/October.
Garlon 4/Escort combo
is the most effective mix
and offers a longer
treatment window.
Mow in June and
allow for regrowth,
then spray in fall.
A rust that stunts
blackberry
growth was
accidentally
introduced to the
United States.
The rust in
spreading, but its
impact appears
to be dependent
on local climate
(i.e., dry weather
is not conducive
to the rust).
For small patches,
grub roots in the
winter through early
summer when soil is
moist. Be sure to
remove root collar.
Re-seed area with
native grasses, trees,
and shrubs.
Be persistent! New
vines are always
showing up.
-Shading is the best
long-term nonchemical approach to
blackberry control
Repeat disking
desiccates roots
limiting regrowth.
Glyphosate at 2% is also
effective in Sept
October before first
frosts.
In mixed stands of
blackberries and
snowberries (common
in riparian areas) you
can spray over the top
of both in the fall using
Garlon 3A and MSO
surfactant without any
ill effect on snowberries.
Silicon based surfactants
will damage non-target
plants.
-Treat with Garlon
3A or Crossbow in
September.
A cut stump
treatment works
well, and prevents
overspray and drift.
Cut the stem next
to the ground and,
using a brush,
sponge, or small
spray bottle, apply
a 50% solution of
glyphosate and
water immediately
after cutting to the
cut stem.
Species
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Cutting large plants
(stem greater than
1/2 inch) is very
effective without
herbicides in the mid
July-Sept.
If possible, spray Scotch
broom before and after
bloom when it is
growing vigorously.
Mow in early
spring.
-Don’t mow
Scotch broom
when seed pods
are ripe.
Pull smaller plants
(less than 1/2 inch)
by hand or with a
weed wrench.
Scotch
Broom
French
Broom
Portuguese
Broom
Mowing is sometimes
done to knock down
large Scotch broom
patches, but should
be avoided when
seed pods are ripe.
Also, keep in mind
there is a good
chance that seeds
already on the
ground will be spread
by mowing.
Early season mowing
typically results in
dense, multistemmed regrowth;
great for spraying,
not so great for “lop
and leave.”
Water stress in late
summer can cause
reduced herbicide
effectiveness.
Garlon 3A or 4,
glyphosate, and
Crossbow are all
effective. Be careful of
surrounding vegetation!
Garlon 3A and
Milestone mixed are
very effective and don’t
require complete
coverage of plant for
total control. Care must
be taken around trees
and shrubs due to
Milestone’s soil activity.
-Treat new seedlings
every year.
-Treat regrowth in
fall or the following
spring with Garlon,
Milestone VM Plus
or Crossbow.
You can also use
glyphosate (Round
Up) for early fall
treatments, though
results may be
marginal on thicker
stems. Application
will kill non-target
vegetation.
Cut stumps often
don’t need
herbicide
treatment if they
are an inch in
diameter or bigger.
Late summer
cutting is best.
Pulling large
plants with a
weed wrench
creates ideal
growing
conditions for
seed bank so
consider cutting
instead. A battery
powered
reciprocating saw
is a great tool for
cutting large
stems.
Seed treatment
area heavily with
grass to shade
out Scotch broom
seedlings.
Calibrate sprayer
well and watch
your rates.
Species
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
IMPORTANT: Mow
before seed
formation.
IMPORTANT: Spring
application is critical.
Apply herbicides
BEFORE plants flower.
Introduce goats
with other grazers.
Goats prefer broad
leaved plants.
Don’t over graze.
There may be a
biocontrol agent
already present!
Except for Canada
thistle, hand digging
is feasible for small
infestations.
Pasture
Weeds
(broad-leaf
weeds in
grass
pasturage)
Includes:
tansy
ragwort,
teasel,
thistles,
dock,
St. John's
Wort, et al)
Cut and bag all seed
heads, and burn or
dispose of them to
prevent spread of
seeds.
The following herbicides
are effective: 2,4-D,
Weedmaster, Garlon
3A, Curtail, Stinger, and
Milestone. Important
note: don’t use manure
derived from Milestone
or chlopyralid treated
pasture or hay in
gardens or organic
operations. These
compounds persist in
the manure.
Stinger and Curtail are
effective on Canada
thistle when plants are
short (less that 6”) to
full height. Glyphosate
is only effective when
plants are in late bud to
flower stage or on fall
regrowth.
If you want to save
clover, use MCPA. All
others will eliminate
clovers.
If you miss spring
spray time, you can
mow in early
summer and spray
in the fall. This
approach works
well for Canada
thistle and tansy.
Keep pasture grass
competitive by
maintaining high
fertility.
No tansy ragwort
biocontrols?
Don’t panic the
bugs will come!
Biocontrol agents
cycle with the
plant population
and will become
more abundant
and effective as
tansy becomes
more abundant.
Cut, bag and
dispose of tansy
ragwort and
teasel seed
heads.
Species
English Ivy
Parking lot
weeds
(puncture
vine,
prostrate
knotweed,
et al)
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Protect trees and
prevent seed
production by cutting
vines around tree
trunks. Clear ivy
three feet out from
the base of the tree.
-The current hot ticket:
4% Accord Concentrate
(glyphosate)] + 2%
Garlon 3A (triclopyr
amine) + 2% Competitor
(modified vegetable oil
(MSO) surfactant.
Cut ivy away from
trees and apply
foliar herbicide
treatment to leaves
on the ground.
If you do nothing
else, keep ivy out
of the trees!!
Using rakes and
shovels vines can be
pulled and rolled
down a slope like a
carpet.
If possible, apply during
dry periods in late
winter or early spring
before native plants leaf
out or emerge.
Goats and sheep
LOVE ivy, and can be
used to clear areas
prior to pulling of the
roots.
You will not notice
effects until weeks, if
not months later, so be
patient!
Burn ‘em out apply
early season flaming.
A wide range of
herbicide products can
be used to initially
control the vegetation.
Pull/hoe when you
can; if things get
away from you,
apply herbicides.
-Try using vinegar based
weed products on
individual plants.
Smothering with
fresh gravel over a
residual treatment
helps sustain longer
control.
Hand pull large
weeds early in
season.
Apply fresh gravel on
a regular basis.
Cut ivy trunks back
to ground and paint
or spot spray them
with Garlon.
Cut the climbing
vines, taking a
good chunk out
of them so they
don’t grow back
together. This
also ensures you
don’t miss any of
the small vines
that might be
mixed in hidden
in the larger
ones.
Control early and
stick to it, as
seasonal annuals
sprout at
different times of
the year) and
new species are
introduced.
Species
False Brome
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Mowing can be used
to remove/deplete
annual seed
production Optimal
mowing for this
purpose is June
(plants will still flower
when mowed
earlier).
Broadcast application of
a glyphosate-based
herbicide such as
Roundup, is effective in
mid May through fall.
To reduce the
amount of
herbicide used,
mow for several
years to eliminate
soil seed bank.
Then treat with
herbicide.
False brome is
spreading fast.
Slow the spread
by making sure
clothing and
equipment are
free of seeds
before you leave
an infested site.
Hand pulling small
patches is best in
April and early May.
Mulching with clean,
weed free straw
works well to
suppress false brome
for at least two years
OSU field trials suggest
tank mixing glyphosate
(2%) with a
preemergent herbicide
such as Surflan (3.3%)
applied in October. This
kills mature plants AND
stops seeds from
germinating.
Apply herbicides in fall
after first rains, as that
is when the plants start
growing again
Also, burning
followed by spotspraying after the
grass resprouts can
minimize the
amount of
herbicide needed
You can also mow
in June, and then
treat with Roundup
in the fall.
Put up
informational
signs at
trailheads to urge
hikers to clean
clothes, pets, and
OHVs.
Species
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Mowing is not an
effective control
because plants will
still bolt and seed
Most important time to
spray is in early spring
(typically early April-late
May) during bolting or
early flowering.
Combination of
spring herbicide
application
followed by hand
pulling is very
effective.
Multiple years
are needed to
exhaust seed
bank, which can
last at least 5
years, possibly
more.
Mowing spreads
garlic mustard seed
like wildfire do not
mow when seed pods
are present (May
Sept.)
Hand pulling is
easiest during early
bolt (2nd year).
Difficult during
rosette stage (first
year) except for small
patches
Garlic
Mustard
Multiple years are
needed to exhaust
seed bank
Pull at base to avoid
breaking stem
All pulled plants must
be bagged and
removed. Do NOT put
pulled plants into
composting facilities!
Rosettes can be sprayed
in early fall after rain
events end summer
dormancy but before
leaves begin to fall from
trees and cover garlic
mustard plants
Rosettes can also be
sprayed in late winter,
but this is only effective
after winter dormancy
ends. Garlic mustard
often dies back in the
winter so you must wait
until the great majority
of plants have resprouted.
Rosette treatments at
the height of summer
may be least effective
due to summer
dormancy.
Both Triclopyr and
Glyphosate are effective
at 2-2.5%. Garlon 3A will
not kill grasses.
Surfactants increase
efficacy of herbicide
treatments.
Milestone doesn’t
appear to be an
effective herbicide for
garlic mustard.
Spray bolting and
early flowering
plants in early
spring (typically
early April-late
May). Revisit
sprayed sites in
early June (once
seeds are formed
and spraying has
become ineffective)
to hand pull any
plants that were
missed or bolted
after spraying.
Pulled plants must
be bagged and
removed from the
site.
Revisit sites if
possible after initial
pull and be
prepared to repeat
pulling if smaller or
later growing plants
bolt.
Fall rosette
treatments can also
be added to this
IPM method as
directed in
Chemical section of
this document.
Spray before the
plant goes to
seed! Once seed
passes early seed
set (milk into
dough stage) it
will still be viable
if sprayed.
Consider impact
of crews – clean
boots, clothing,
and machinery
before moving
from areas with
garlic mustard
plants/seed into
uninfested areas!
Species
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Not effective on large
infestations
Habitat (imazapyr) and
Rodeo (glyphosate
labeled for aquatic
usage) at the following
ratio: Habitat at 1% and
Rodeo at 1.5%,
with seed oil added to
the mix.
Very small
infestations can be
dug; dispose of
plants and tubers in
landfill or dry and
burn.
Do not compost
any parts of
plant.
Repeated mowing or
cutting in early
summer before seeds
mature may
contain/kill by
depleting energy
after many years of
intensive mowing.
Yellow Flag
Iris
Small infestations
may be pulled or dug
out. All rhizomes
must be removed.
Incomplete removal
may enhance spread
of plant.
Cutting and covering
with landscape fabric
or durable tarps
moderately
successful.
Bag and dispose of
mature seed heads
and bulbs to reduce
spread.
Contain existing
colonies by
suppression and
prevention of seed
spread.
If using a
herbicide use a
surfactant to get
maximum
product
penetration.
Resins in leaves
and rhizome can
cause skin
irritation, wear
hand protection
when handling.
Applications of
aquatic imazapyr
products require
a licensed
applicator.
Species
Spurge
Laurel
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Hand pull small
plants.
Cut plants can sprout
from suckers, so it is
advisable to apply
herbicide to stems
immediately following
cutting.
Public education.
Note: there are
irritating toxins in
the sap, fruit and
leaves. Wear
gloves and other
protective
clothing when
removing or
cutting.
Larger plants can be
pulled with a weed
wrench or similar
tool. All of the root
should be removed to Triclopyr has been
avoid re-growth from shown to be effective.
Please refer to the PNW
root sprouts.
Weed Management
After pulling, area
Handbook for specific
should be monitored herbicide
for new seedlings and
recommendations.
covered with a deep
mulch.
More cost effective
to use mechanical
methods for large
populations. Plants
up to three years old
can be controlled by
cutting the plant
close to the ground.
Older plants should
be cut below the soil
line to minimize resprouting.
Report infestations
to county weed
board or
appropriate
authority.
Treat small
infestations by
pulling.
Cut larger plants
close to ground and
spray cut stump.
Species
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Hand-weed isolated
plants or small
populations before
they are in seed.
Plants can be sprayed
before flowering (late
March through April)
with either a broadleaf
herbicide (if growing
with desirable grasses)
or with a non-selective
herbicide.
-Public education,
plant and seed
available at
nurseries and on
internet.
Please refer to
herbicide labels
for site specific
control
information and
refer to the PNW
Weed
Management
Handbook for
additional
information on
herbicide use.
Burning with a
propane-based
flaming unit is
effective if done
several times each
growing season.
Shining
Geranium
Cover with sheet
mulch for at least two
growing
seasons (although
this method has not
been tested on
shining geranium).
Heavy mulch (wood
debris, chips,
etc.) about 3 inches
thick has worked well
to suppress the
plants.
Reportedly, an over the
counter product labeled
“Finale” seems to work
well, according to ODA.
Species
Knotweeds
(Japanese,
giant,
Himalayan)
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Mowing or cutting
alone is ineffective
and typically
encourages the
knotweed roots to
spread outward.
IMPORTANT: Don’t
spray glyphosate in
early summer. Spray
from onset of flowering
through September but
before first frost!!
-To reduce overall
herbicide use, cut
patches in June,
allow to regrow
and spray in
September.
Digging is very labor
intensive, generally
causes more harm
than good, and
should only be
reserved for very
small patches in
upland areas.
Injection tools are
effective and are most
economical on larger
diameter stems. This
tool should be used in
combination with foliar
treatments to ensure
treatment of small
understory stems.
Dispose any
cuttings where they
are guaranteed not
to resprout! Lack of
otherwise full
growth may mean
that herbicide
application is not as
effective (due to
small leaf area) but
it allows large
patches to me
more manageable
in the future.
Report sightings
to local Soil and
Water
Conservation
Districts or
Watershed
Council.
Do foliar application in
mid-August through
September w/
Glyphosate, Triclopyr, or
Habitat. Habitat offers a
larger treatment
window starting in mid
summer. Coverage is
critical. Take care not to
spray foliage of nontarget shrubs and trees.
If knotweed is found
near water, use
herbicides approved for
riparian use, such as
Aquamaster, Rodeo,
Habitat, or Garlon 3A.
Remember,
coverage is more
important than
product
concentration!
Applications
should be
directed to both
top and
underside of
canopies to
ensure perfect
coverage. Overthe-top
treatments miss
many smaller
stems, resulting
in regrowth.
Please refer to
herbicide labels
for site specific
control
information and
refer to the PNW
Weed
Management
Handbook for
additional
information on
herbicide use.
Species
Herb Robert
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Manual control is
very effective and is
often the best. Plants
are relatively easy to
grub out, provided
the soil is not hard
and compacted.
Plants do not
regenerate from
roots or fragments.
Spot spraying with
glyphosate during active
growing season, but
preferably before seed.
Spray plants until they
are wet, but not
dripping, and not onto
the surrounding soil or
other vegetation.
Public education,
plant and seed
available at
nurseries and on
internet.
Please refer to
herbicide labels
for site specific
control
information and
refer to the PNW
Weed
Management
Handbook for
additional
information on
herbicide use.
Mowing or weed
eating prevents
plants from
producing seed. It
must be done
frequently, as plants
will continually
produce flowers from
early spring until late
fall.
Herb Robert is a lowgrowing plant that is
often growing among
desirable vegetation;
applications of herbicide
should be used only
where there are large
numbers of plants, or in
soil conditions that
make manual control
difficult.
Check nursery
stock for
seedlings, and
don’t bring plants
home from
infested wooded
areas.
Also, wash down
boots and shoes,
tools, vehicles
and pets after
visiting parks,
forests or other
areas where
there are
populations of
Herb Robert.
Dispose plants
that have been
weeded in the
trash
Species
Rush
Skeleton
Weed
(Chondrilla
juncea)
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Physical and
mechanical control
methods used for
rush skeletonweed
control include handpulling or digging,
cutting or mowing,
and plowing or
cultivation.
Rate 2 lb ae/A
No single treatment
provides long-term
control of rush
skeletonweed, so
an integrated
strategy must be
adopted. The first
line of defense is to
prevent
introductions of
rush skeletonweed
with systematic
surveys, early
detection, and
implementation of
an eradication
program on small
infestations.
Seeds are
dispersed by
wind, water,
vehicles, and
machinery. Once
established, rush
skeletonweed is
extremely
difficult to
control using
herbicides,
primarily due to
the difficulty of
translocating
herbicides into its
extensive root
system
Removing rush
skeletonweed plants
is easier when the
soil is wet. Pulled
plants should be
destroyed by burning
in a very hot fire to
ensure seed and root
destruction.
Time Apply to rosettes
in the spring
immediately before or
during bolting.
Remarks 2,4-D inhibits
further aboveground
growth but will not
prevent new plant
development from root
buds.
Caution Re-treatment is
important.
Site of action (both)
Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family (both)
phenoxy acetic acid
Species
Tree of
Heaven
(Ailanthus
altissima)
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Cutting alone is
usually counterproductive because
ailanthus responds by
producing large
numbers of stump
sprouts and root
suckers. However, for
small infestations,
repeated cutting of
sprouts over time can
exhaust the plants
reserves and may be
successful if
continued for many
years or where heavy
shade exists. If
possible, the initial
cutting should be in
early summer in
order to impact the
tree when its root
reserves are lowest.
Cutting large seed
producing female
trees would at least
temporarily reduce
spread by this
method.
The most effective
method of ailanthus
control seems to be
through the use of
herbicides, which may
be applied as a foliar (to
the leaves), basal bark,
cut stump, or hack and
squirt treatment. Keep
in mind that it is
relatively easy to kill the
above ground portion of
ailanthus trees, you
need to kill or seriously
damage the root system
to prevent or limit
stump sprouting and
root suckering. Always
be extremely careful
with herbicide
applications in the
vicinity of valuable
ornamental shrubs and
trees.
A combination of
complementary
control methods
may be helpful for
rapid and effective
control of tree-ofheaven. Integrated
management
includes not only
killing the target
plant, but
establishing
desirable species
and discouraging
nonnative, invasive
species over the
long term. Some
examples include
smooth sumac,
black walnut
(Juglans nigra),
Oregon white oak
(Quercus garryana),
and ponderosa pine
(Pinus ponderosa).
Young seedlings
may be pulled or
dug up,
preferably when
soil is moist. Care
must be taken to
remove the
entire plant
including all roots
and fragments, as
these will almost
certainly regrow.
If only a single
cutting can be
made, the best
time is when the
plants begin to
flower.
Species
Meadow
Knapweed
Mechanical
Chemical
IPM
Notes/Tips
Digging plants is
effective for small
areas
May until flowering is
best (before seed set)
but could be treated any
time during active
growing season
There are several
insects that reduce
plant biomass or
seed production
The smell of
some 2, 4-D
products does
not persist (e.g.
“Hardball”).
Disking or roto-tilling
can control
infestations, but
established plants
can survive if root
fragments remain.
glyphosate 2-5%+ nonionic surfactant ¼ -½ %
2,4-D 2 % + clopyralid ¼
-½ %+ non-ionic or
MSO/silicon blend ¼ -½
%
aminopyralid (7 oz
product / ac)+ non-ionic
or MSO/silicon blend (12 qt/100 gal)
An integrated
management plan
that includes
selective herbicides
and biological
control may show
the greatest
effectiveness for
removal of
meadow
knapweed.
Important Notes:
Always read the entire label before using any herbicide. Wear safety gear and mix herbicides in a safe
environment.
A surfactant and indicator dye will help with control and efficacy. Note regarding surfactants: Just as with
herbicides, read label directions! Some surfactants are appropriate for use with certain herbicides but not
others. Also, if using a surfactant on or near water, read label directions to see if the surfactant you are
using is approved for aquatic environments.
Glyphosate-based products, such as Roundup and Rodeo are non-selective -they will kill all green plants!
Herbicides typically work best when applied on temperate (~ 60 72 degrees) non-windy days followed by
12 hours of no rain. If temps are cooler and/or there has been limited rainfall, the effects of herbicide
application will take longer to become apparent.
Plant material disposal: Dry and/or burn pulled or cut plant material. Dry the plant material on a tarp or
plastic barrier to prevent soil contact with roots.
Once weeds are reduced or eradicated it is critical to seed or plant the treated area, preferably with
natives. Open ground, or one with sparse vegetation, is very likely to come back as a first-class weed
patch!
Please consider songbirds and pollinator species when doing weed treatments! Some excellent
information can be found at these links:
Protecting nesting songbirds: http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/fish/index.cfm?a=322164&c=31006
How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pesticides:
http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/pnw/pnw591.pdf
APPENDIX G: FACT SHEET 2300A PESTICIDE APPLICATION GENERAL PERMIT
Pesticide Application General Permit (PAGP 2300A) and District Activities
On October 31, 2011 the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) issued a Pesticide
Application General Permit (PAGP 2300) for pesticide application activities in water or at water’s edge. No
NPDES permit is required for pesticide application away from water. The PAGP covers a variety of pesticide
application, described below, of which Clean Water Services conducts only weed/algae control, and
mosquito control as a contractor to Washington County.
•
•
•
•
•
Mosquito and other flying insect pest control to protect public health and prevent nuisance. Coverage
extends to mosquitoes, black flies and other flying insect pests that develop or are present during a
portion of their life cycle in or above standing or flowing water.
Weed and Algae Control for invasive or other nuisance weeds, algae and pathogens such as fungi and
bacteria in water or at the water’s edge. The term “in water” includes applications to creeks, rivers,
lakes, riparian areas, wetlands, and other areas when water is present.
Nuisance Animal Control for invasive or other nuisance animals and pathogens in water and at the
water’s edge. Coverage extends to but is not limited to control of fish, mollusks, fungi and bacteria.
Forest Canopy Pest Control including but not limited to an insect or pathogen, by using aerial
application of a pesticide over a forest environment or from the ground when, in order to target pests
effectively, a portion of the pesticide unavoidably will be applied over and deposited in water.
Area-wide Pest Control by using aerial pesticide application to cover a large area to avoid substantial
and widespread economic and social impact when, in order to target pests effectively, a portion of the
pesticide unavoidably will be applied over and deposited in water. The pest control under this category
is not included in the above categories.
Definitions for PAGP
Operator: Any owner or entity with operational control over the decision to perform a pesticide
application that is covered under this permit or has the day-to-day operational control of activities that are
necessary to ensure compliance with the permit.
Permittee: Any operator conducting a pesticide application listed on page 1 that results in a discharge to
waters of the state.
Water’s edge: Within 3 feet of waters of the state and conveyances with a hydrologic surface connection
to waters of the state at the time of pesticide application. The 3 feet is measured horizontally from the
water’s edge and conveyance.
Treatment Area: The area where a pesticide application is intended to provide pesticidal benefits within
the pest management area; water and land which includes water, such as pesticide application over water
and within 3 feet of the water’s edge.
Does the PAGP Apply?
The requirement to register for the PAGP is based on thresholds. Entities that are below the thresholds
(such as the District) are automatically covered by the permit and must adhere to select management,
reporting and recordkeeping provisions. Entities that exceed the threshold must register for the permit
and comply with all requirements. Note: state and federal agencies, weed control districts, pest control
districts, etc., must register regardless of the scale of their pesticide application programs.
Clean Water Services does not meet the threshold to register for the PAGP, but Member Cities may
conduct additional activities that would require them to register for the permit. Washington County is the
mosquito control authority and must register. The following chart excerpted from the permit lists entities
that must register for the permit for District-related activities.
Operators Required to Register for District-related Activities
Type of Pest Control
Mosquito and Other Flying
Insect Pest Control
Required to register
Federal and State agencies with a
responsibility to control mosquitoes for
public health, nuisance control and animal
welfare
Annual Threshold
None
Mosquito Control Districts, or similar pest
control districts
None
Operators who conduct pesticide
applications that exceed the annual
treatment area threshold
Weed and Algae Control
(Pesticide applications for
weed and algae control
approved and regulated
under a separate NPDES
permit are not included in
this category.)
Federal and State agencies with a
responsibility to control weeds and algae
Weed control districts, or similar pest
control districts, excluding irrigation
districts
Operators who conduct pesticide
applications that exceed the annual
treatment area threshold in the water or at
the water’s edge.
6400 acres of treatment
surface area with an
adulticide
None
None
In water: 20 acres of
treatment surface area
OR
In water and at the water’s
edge: 20 linear miles of
treatment area
Clean Water Services annual treatment areas
The District calculates a total annual treatment area of less than 20 linear miles based on the following
data from all departments that conduct or oversee pest control activities. Therefore the permit does not
apply because the annual treatment area is below the threshold.
Field Operations = zero miles
Water Quality Facilities (WQF): Field Operations applies pesticide during the dry season. Most WQF that
are treated tend to be dry. For wet ponds, application is kept more than 3 feet from the water.
Mosquito tablets in catch basins: As the mosquito control district, Washington County applied for the
permit for this activity and developed appropriate management practices which District crews follow as a
contractor to the County.
Watershed Management = 3 to 4 linear miles
Riparian planting projects (temperature trading and community enhancement projects): Contractors
typically spot spray pesticide, and may treat within 3 feet of water’s edge to control noxious weeds. The
total treated area is 3 to 4 linear miles.
Noxious weed management program: Contractors apply pesticide to control garlic mustard, knotweed, etc.
Since 2009, about 120 miles have been surveyed for noxious weeds and a small portion of the area is
treated. The estimated area treated within 3 feet of water’s edge is 5.2 linear miles.
Engineering CIP = less than 3 linear miles
Riparian corridor projects: Contractors typically spot spray pesticide, and may treat within 3 feet of water’s
edge to control noxious weeds. The total treated area is 3 linear miles or less. (This estimate includes some
applications that are more than 3 feet from water’s edge.)
Annual Treatment Area Calculation
The total treatment area must be calculated as described below to determine whether the PACP threshold
has been met and the permit applies.
Count Once: For Weed and Algae Control and Nuisance Animal Control, any area where pesticide was
applied is counted once regardless of the number of applications to that area in a calendar year. For linear
features such as a stream or ditch, count the length of the treatment area in or near the water. Examples:
•
•
If pesticide is applied to a 10-mile long ditch on one or both banks or in the water, the total
treatment area is ten miles even if the same 10 miles is treated more than once in a
calendar year.
If 10 percent of a 10 square foot bed within 3 feet of water is treated, the total treatment
area is 1 square foot. (While spot spraying, count only the area actually sprayed, not the
entire area that may be surveyed for potential invasive weeds.)
Don’t Count: Do not count the following toward the annual threshold:
•
•
•
Pesticide application to an intermittent stream or ditch that is dry at the time of application.
Application along edges of dry ditches or dry season streams.
Application to stagnant water from a catch basin or cistern.
These applications do not count toward the threshold because at the time of application there must be a
hydrologic surface connection from the treatment area to the water.
Operators who conduct pesticide applications at or below the annual threshold do not need to register
with Oregon DEQ, but are still responsible for keeping a copy of the permit and meeting the permit
requirements below (see Schedule A: conditions 1-4, schedule B: conditions 1-8 and Schedule F where
applicable):
•
•
•
•
Technology based management practices (follow label directions, conduct maintenance activities
to reduce leaks/spills, maintain equipment in good working order, etc.)
Corrective action measures.
Pesticide application activities must take into account life cycles of pests, must include a
monitoring component, consider alternatives to pesticide use, and identify threshold levels.
Monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements consistent with the pesticide general
permit. Records are required to be kept for 3 years.
APPENDIX H: 2300A PESTICIDE APPLICATION GENERAL PERMIT
Permit Number: 2300A
Expiration Date: September 30, 2016
Page 1 of 32 Pages
GENERAL PERMIT
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM WASTE
DISCHARGE PERMIT
Department of Environmental Quality
811 SW Sixth Avenue
Portland, OR 97204
Telephone: (503) 229-5630
Issued pursuant to ORS 468B.050 and The Federal Clean Water Act
ISSUED TO:
PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS THAT ARE COVERED UNDER THE PERMIT:
Mosquito and other flying insect pest control for the protection of public health and prevention of
nuisance. Coverage extends to mosquitoes, black flies and other flying insect pests that develop or
are present during a portion of their life cycle in or above standing or flowing water.
Weed and Algae Control for invasive or other nuisance weeds, algae and pathogens such as, fungi
and bacteria in water or at the water’s edge. The term “in water” includes, but is not limited to,
applications made to creeks, rivers, lakes, riparian areas, wetlands, and other seasonally wet areas
when water is present. The term “water’s edge” means within 3 feet of waters of the state and
conveyances with a hydrologic surface connection to waters of the state at the time of pesticide
application. The 3 feet is measured horizontally from the water’s edge and conveyance.
A separate general permit is being developed for irrigation districts, such that pesticide applications
for weed and algae control approved and regulated under the irrigation district general permit are not
included in this category.
Nuisance Animal Control for invasive or other nuisance animals and pathogens in water and at the
water’s edge. Coverage extends to but is not limited to, control of fish, mollusks, fungi and bacteria.
The term “in water” includes, but is not limited to applications made to creeks, rivers, lakes, riparian
areas, wetlands, and other seasonally wet areas when water is present. The term “water’s edge” means
within 3 feet of waters of the state and conveyances with a hydrologic surface connection to waters of
the state at the time of pesticide application. The 3 feet is measured horizontally from the water’s
edge and conveyance.
Forest Canopy Pest Control for the control of pest species, including but not limited to an insect or
pathogen, by using aerial application of a pesticide over a forest environment or from the ground
when in order to target pests effectively, a portion of the pesticide unavoidably will be applied over
and deposited in water.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 2 of 32 Pages
Area-wide Pest Control for the control of pest species by using aerial pesticide application to cover
a large area to avoid substantial and widespread economic and social impact, when in order to target
pests effectively, a portion of the pesticide unavoidably will be applied over and deposited in water.
The pest control under this category is not included in the above categories.
WHICH OPERATORS ARE SUBJECT TO THIS PERMIT?
Any operator conducting pesticide applications listed on page 1 and 2 that result in a point source
discharge to waters of the state.
Issued:
Effective: October 31, 2011
Neil Mullane, Administrator
Water Quality Division
PERMITTED ACTIVITIES
Until this permit expires or is modified or revoked, the operator is authorized to apply pesticides in
surface waters of the state only from the authorized discharge point or points established in Schedule
A and only in conformance with all the requirements, limitations, and conditions set forth in the
attached schedules as follows:
Page
Schedule A - Discharge Limitations not to be Exceeded ..................................... 11
Schedule B - Minimum Monitoring and Reporting Requirements ...................... 17
Schedule C - Compliance Conditions and Schedules...............................Reserved
Schedule D - Special Conditions........................................................................... 22
Schedule F - General Conditions .......................................................................... 25
Unless specifically authorized by this permit, by another NPDES or WPCF permit, or by Oregon
Administrative Rule, any other direct or indirect discharge of waste is prohibited, including
discharge to waters of the state or an underground injection control system.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 3 of 32 Pages
DEFINITIONS
Action Threshold – The point at which pest populations or environmental conditions can no longer
be tolerated, necessitating that pest control action must be taken based on economic, human health,
aesthetics, or other effects. Detecting a single pest does not always mean control is needed. An
action threshold may be based on current or past environmental factors that are or have been
demonstrated to be conducive to pest emergence or growth, as well as past or current pest
presence. Action thresholds are those conditions that indicate both the need for control actions and
the proper timing of those actions.
Adverse Incident – means an unusual or unexpected incident that you have observed upon
inspection or of which you otherwise become aware, in which:
(1) A person or non-target organism has likely been exposed to a pesticide residue, (e.g. direct
contact or through drinking water) and
(2) The non-target organism suffered a toxic or adverse effect.
The phrase “toxic or adverse effect” includes effects that occur within waters of the state on nontarget plants, fish or wildlife that are unusual or unexpected (e.g., non-target organisms are those
not described on the pesticide product label or otherwise not expected to be present) as a result of
exposure to a pesticide residue, and may include:
Distressed or dead juvenile and small fishes
Washed up or floating fish
Fish swimming abnormally or erratically
Fish lying lethargically at water surface or in shallow water
Fish that are listless or nonresponsive to disturbance
Stunting, wilting, or desiccation of non-target submerged or emergent aquatic plants
Other dead or visibly distressed non-target aquatic organisms (amphibians, turtles,
invertebrates, etc.)
The phrase, “toxic or adverse effects,” also includes any adverse effects to humans (e.g., skin
rashes), or animals that occur either from direct contact with or as a secondary effect (e.g., sickness
from consumption of plants or animals containing pesticides) from a discharge to waters of the
state and that are temporally and spatially related to exposure to a pesticide residue (e.g. vomiting,
lethargy).
Applicator – any entity that performs the application of a pesticide.
Declared Pest Emergency Situation – An event defined by a public declaration, by a
governmental entity, of a pest problem determined to require control through application of a
pesticide beginning less than ten days after identification of the need for pest control. This public
declaration may be based on:
(1) significant risk to human health;
(2) significant economic loss; or
(3) significant risk to:
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 4 of 32 Pages
(i) endangered species, (ii)
threatened species,
(iii) beneficial organisms, or
(iv) the environment.
Minimize - To reduce or eliminate pesticide discharges to waters of the state through the use of Pest
Management Measures to the extent technologically available and economically practicable and
achievable.
Operator –means any owner or entity with operational control over the decision to perform a
pesticide application that is covered under this permit or has the day-to-day operational control
of activities that are necessary to ensure compliance with the permit.
•
Owner means landowner, facility owner, property owner. When the owner makes the
pesticide application or hires a pesticide applicator, then the owner is making a decision and
paying to perform a pesticide application on their property.
•
Where pesticides are applied on an owner’s land by another entity and the owner does not
have the legal authority to control the application and is not directly financing the application, the
owner is not an operator for purposes of this permit. (This would include, for example, when a
governmental entity is spraying for mosquitoes over a person’s property.)
•
Examples of entities are mosquito control districts, homeowners associations, local and
state governments that have the responsibility to perform pesticide applications to maintain
properties for safety, health, invasive species and nuisance pest control.
The phrase ‘all operators, ’ which is used in the Coverage and Eligibility section, Schedule A and
B of the permit, means operators identified in Table 1 and those operators at and below the annual
treatment area threshold.
Permittee – means any operator conducting a pesticide application listed on page 1 that results in a
discharge to waters of the state.
Pesticide –"Pesticide" includes:
(a) "Defoliant" which means any substance or mixture of substances intended for causing the
leaves or foliage to drop from a plant with or without causing abscission;
(b) "Desiccant" which means any substance or mixture of substances intended for artificially
accelerating the drying of plant tissue;
(c) "Fungicide" which means any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing,
destroying, repelling or mitigating any fungus;
(d) "Herbicide" which means any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing,
destroying, repelling or mitigating any weed;
(e) "Insecticide" which means any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing,
destroying, repelling or mitigating any insects that may be present in any environment
whatsoever;
(f) "Nematicide" which means any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing,
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 5 of 32 Pages
destroying, repelling or mitigating nematodes;
(g) "Plant regulator" which means any substance or mixture of substances intended, through
physiological action, to accelerate or retard the rate of growth or rate of maturation or to
otherwise alter the behavior of ornamental or crop plants or the produce thereof, but does not
include substances to the extent that they are intended as plant nutrients, trace elements,
nutritional chemicals, plant inoculants or soil amendments; or
(h) Any substance, or mixture of substances intended to be used for defoliating plants or for
preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating all insects, plant fungi, weeds, rodents, predatory
animals or any other form of plant or animal life that is, or that the department may declare to be a
pest, which may infest or be detrimental to vegetation, humans, animals, or be present in any
environment thereof. [ORS 634.006(8)]
Note 1: The reference to department in the definition of pesticide under (h) above refers to the
Department of Agriculture.
Note 2: Drugs used to control diseases of humans or animals (such as livestock, aquaculture, or
pets) are not considered pesticides; such drugs are regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration or the United States Department of Agriculture. Fertilizers, nutrients, and other
substances used to promote plant survival and health are not considered plant growth regulators
and thus are not pesticides.
Pest Management Area- The area of land, including any water, for which the operator has the
responsibility, control, or jurisdiction for conducting pest management activities covered by this
permit.
Pest Management Measure – any practice used to meet the effluent limitations that comply with
manufacturer specifications, industry standards and recommended industry practices related to the
application of pesticides, relevant legal requirements and other provisions that a prudent operator
would implement to reduce and/or eliminate pesticide discharges to waters of the state.
Pesticide Research and Development – Activities undertaken on a systematic basis to gain new
knowledge (research) and/or the application of research findings or other scientific knowledge
for the creation of new or significantly improved products or processes (experimental
development).
Pesticide Residue-includes that portion of a pesticide application that is discharged from a point
source to waters of the state and no longer provides pesticidal benefits. It also includes any
degradates of the pesticide.
Target Pest- is the pest intended to be controlled.
Treatment Area- The area where a pesticide application is intended to provide pesticidal benefits
within the pest management area. A treatment area can be water and land, which includes water,
such as when the pesticide application is made over water, and within 3 feet of the water’s edge.
Multiple treatment areas may be located within a single “pest management area.”
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 6 of 32 Pages
For calculating the annual treatment area referenced in Table 1 under Mosquito and Other Flying
Insect Pest Control, count each adulticide application to a treatment area. For example, the
application of an adulticide three times a year to the same 3,000 acre site should be counted as
9,000 acres of treatment area. For calculating treatment area in Table 1 under Forest Canopy Pest
Control and Area-Wide Pest Control, count repeated pesticide applications to the same treatment
area in a given year. The 6,400 acres under these three types of pest control includes land and
water, not just land. A pesticide application made solely to a dry area such as a dry wetland is not
counted as a pesticide application to surface water under this permit.
To calculate the annual treatment area for Weed and Algae Control and Nuisance Animal
Control, count each area once, regardless of the number of pesticide applications performed on
that area in a calendar year. For example, in counting linear miles use the length of the linear
feature (e.g., a stream or ditch) whether treating in or adjacent to the feature, regardless of the
number of applications made to that feature during the calendar year. Whether treating the bank
on one side of a ten-mile long ditch, banks on both sides of the ditch, and/or water in that ditch,
the total treatment area is ten miles for the purpose of determining whether registration is
required. Additionally, if the same linear 10 miles is treated more than once in a calendar year,
the total area treated is still 10 miles for the purposes of determining if such an application
exceeds an annual treatment area threshold in Table 1.
A treatment area that receives a pesticide application is included in the calculation for the
purposes of determining if the application exceeds an annual treatment area threshold in Table 1.
For example, if a 10 feet by 1 foot bed (10 sq. ft.) is within 3 feet of a water body but only 10% of
that bed receives the pesticide application, then the amount of area counted toward the threshold is
1 sq. ft.
The pesticide application to an intermittent stream or ditch that is dry at the time of the pesticide
application is not counted toward the treatment area. Similarly, for calculation for pesticide
applications at the water’s edge a hydrologic surface connection must exist at the time of
application. Applications along edges of dry ditches or dry season streams are not counted toward
the thresholds.
If the water from a catch basin or cistern is stagnant so that it does not have a connection to
surface water at the time of the pesticide application, then that stagnant water in a catch basin or
cistern is not counted for the purpose of determining the annual treatment area threshold under
the permit.
Water’s edge- means pesticide applications made within 3 feet of waters of the state and
conveyances with a hydrologic surface connection to waters of the state at the time of pesticide
application. The three feet is measured horizontally from the water’s edge and conveyance.
Waters of the state- means lakes, bays, ponds, impounding reservoirs, springs, wells, rivers,
streams, creeks, estuaries, marshes, inlets, canals, the Pacific Ocean within the territorial limits
of the State of Oregon, and all other bodies of surface or underground waters, natural or
artificial, inland or coastal, fresh or salt, public or private (except those private waters that do not
combine or effect a junction with natural surface or underground waters) that are located wholly
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 7 of 32 Pages
or partially within or bordering the state or within its jurisdiction. This definition is in Oregon
Administrative Rules (OAR) 340-045-0010(20) and Oregon Revised Statutes 468B.005(10).
COVERAGE AND ELIGIBILITY
A.
WHO ARE THE OPERATORS THAT ARE SUBJECT TO THIS PERMIT?
1. The permit covers operators who conduct pesticide applications that are listed on page 1 and
2, which result in a discharge to waters of the state. The requirement to submit an application to be
on record as ‘registered’ to the permit and other permit requirements vary for an operator. An
operator that does not have to submit an application is still required to follow certain permit
conditions.
B. SOME OF OPERATORS WHO ARE SUBJECT TO THIS PERMIT ARE REQUIRED TO
REGISTER FOR THE PERMIT. WHICH OPERATORS ARE REQUIRED TO REGISTER?
1. Operators identified in Table 1 must submit an application and fees to register with
Oregon DEQ and are subject to all permit requirements.
2. Operators who conduct pesticide applications at or below the annual threshold in Table 1 do not
need to register with Oregon DEQ, but are still responsible for keeping a copy of this permit and
meeting the permit requirements in Schedule A, Conditions 1 through 4, Schedule B, Conditions 1
through 8, and Schedule F where applicable. Records are required to be kept for 3 years.
TABLE 1 Operators who are required to register under the permit
Type of Pest Control
Registration is required for
Federal and State agencies with a
Mosquito and Other Flying
responsibility to control pests in this
Insect Pest Control
category
Mosquito Control Districts, or similar
pest control districts
Operators who conduct pesticide
applications that exceed the annual
treatment area threshold
Federal and State agencies with a
Weed and Algae Control
(Pesticide applications for weed responsibility to control pests in this
and algae control approved and category
regulated under a separate
NPDES permit are not included
in this category)
Weed control districts, or similar pest
control districts, excluding irrigation
districts
Operators who conduct pesticide
applications that exceed the annual
treatment area threshold in the water
or at the water’s edge.
Annual Threshold1
None
None
6400 acres of treatment
surface area 2 with an
adulticide
None
None
In water: 20 acres of
treatment surface area3
OR
In water and at the water’s
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 8 of 32 Pages
TABLE 1 Operators who are required to register under the permit
Type of Pest Control
Registration is required for
Nuisance Animal Control
Forest Canopy Pest Control
Area-Wide Pest Control
1
2
Federal and State agencies with a
responsibility to control animals in
this category for public health,
nuisance or resource management
Operators who conduct pesticide
applications that exceed the annual
treatment area threshold in the water
or at the water’s edge.
Federal and State agencies with a
responsibility to control pests in the
forest environment
Operators who conduct pesticide
applications that exceed the annual
treatment area threshold
Federal and State agencies with a
responsibility to control area-wide
pests
Operators who conduct pesticide
applications that exceed the annual
treatment area threshold
Annual Threshold1
edge: 20 linear miles of
treatment area 4
None
In water: 20 acres of
treatment surface area3
OR
In water and at the water’s
edge: 20 linear miles of
treatment area 4
6400 acres of treatment
surface area2
6400 acres of treatment
surface area2
Each treatment area must be added for a cumulative annual total.
To calculate treatment area under Mosquito and Other Flying Insect Pest Control, Forest
Canopy Pest Control and Area-Wide Pest Control, count the area where pesticides are applied in an
aerial application that includes land and water. Water includes (1) waters of the state and (2)
conveyances with a hydrologic surface connection to waters of the state at the time of pesticide
application. Under Forest Canopy Pest Control and Area-Wide Pest Control, count repeated pesticide
applications to the same treatment area in a given year. Under Mosquito and Other Flying Insect Pest
Control
count repeated adulticide applications to the same treatment area in a given year.
3
To calculate treatment area under Weed and Algae Control and Nuisance Animal Control,
calculations must include the surface area of the applications made to water, which includes: (1)
waters of the state and (2) conveyances with a hydrologic surface connection to waters of the state at
the time of pesticide application. Count each area once regardless of the number of applications to
that
same area in a given year.
4
Calculations for a linear measure for applications made at the water’s edge must include the
linear extent of the application made adjacent to: (1) waters of the state and (2) conveyances with a
hydrologic surface connection to waters of the state at the time of pesticide application. For
calculating the linear extent, do not count the water’s edge separately under linear miles of treatment
when a pesticide application is made in water. Count each linear extent once regardless of the
number of applications to that same area in a given year.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 9 of 32 Pages
3. Operators seeking to register under this permit are authorized for pesticide discharge under the
permit upon the effective date of this permit and must take the following steps so that uninterrupted
coverage continues:
a.
Obtain a DEQ application form through the mail or in person from a DEQ
regional office, or download the application from the DEQ website.
b.
For operators identified in Table1, that are included regardless of the annual
treatment area thresholds, (e.g. federal, and state agencies and some districts), submit a
completed application to DEQ no later than January 9, 2012.
c.
For operators whose pesticide application will go above the annual treatment area
threshold, submit an application no less than 45 days before a planned pesticide application that
exceeds the annual treatment area threshold. The Department may accept applications filed less
than 45 days from the planned activity on a case-by- case basis including when pesticide
applications are necessary due to a declared pest emergency.
4. DEQ will review the application within 30 days and take one of the following actions:
a.
Issue written notice of permit registration approval.
b.
Request additional information.
c.
Deny coverage under this permit. The applicant will be notified if the applicant's
operation cannot be approved for coverage under this permit, or that the applicant may need to
obtain an individual permit.
5. Permit fees are required with each new application and annual fees are required for continued
coverage. General permit registration and annual fees are posted on DEQ’s website and in OAR
340-045-0075 Permit Fee Schedule in Table 70G under the heading of ‘Other General Permits.’
a.
For a new registration under this permit, the applicant must submit a new permit
application fee and an annual fee with the application.
b.
To maintain registration coverage under the permit, an annual fee is due each
year. The due date for the annual fee is triggered by the date of registration and can be different
for each operator.
6. Failure to pay applicable fees may result in denial of an application or termination of
coverage under this permit.
7. Operators seeking to renew registration before the September 30, 2016 expiration date of the
general permit must follow these steps:
a.
On or before September 1, 2016 (30 days prior to permit expiration) those
registered under this permit must submit a complete application form to DEQ to renew permit
coverage. (Note: The DEQ Director may grant permission to submit the application later than
30 days prior to the expiration but no later than the permit expiration date.)
b.
Pay the annual fee. (Note: A new application fee is not required at renewal)
C. WHAT ARE THE REGISTRATION OR OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATORS
NOT IDENTIFIED IN TABLE 1?
1. No application for registration or fee is required.
2. The operator is required to keep a copy of this permit and to follow applicable sections of
Schedules A, B and F of this permit as follows:
a.
Schedule A, Conditions Nos. 1 through 4; b.
Schedule B, Conditions Nos. 1 through 8; c.
Schedule F, when applicable.
d.
Records are required to be kept for 3 years.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 10 of 32 Pages
D. LIMITATIONS ON COVERAGE FOR ALL OPERATORS (OAR 340-045-0033(10))
1. The Department may revoke a general permit as it applies to any operator and require the
operator to apply for and obtain an individual NPDES permit if:
a.
The permitted source or activity is a significant contributor of pollution, causes
environmental problems, or
b.
The operator is not in compliance with the terms and conditions of this general
permit, or
c.
Circumstances have changed so that the source or activity is no longer
appropriately controlled by a general permit.
2. This permit does not cover discharges from a pesticide application that reach any stream
segment that is listed pursuant to OAR 340-041-0046 as water quality limited on the EPA
approved 303(d) list for that pesticide or degradates, unless the stream segment is subject to a total
maximum daily load (TMDL) that includes an allocation for pesticide applications covered under
this permit.
3. Coverage under this permit is not available under the following circumstances:
a. The discharges are covered by another NPDES permit.
b.
The discharges were included in a permit that has been or is in the process of
being denied, terminated or revoked. This does not apply to routine permit renewals every 5
years.
4. Any operator not wishing to be covered or limited by this general permit may make
application for an individual NPDES permit in accordance with the procedures in OAR
340-045-0030.
E. PERMIT EXPIRATION
1. The permit expiration date is September 31, 2016. The date of expiration is the same for all
operators covered under the permit.
2. Public notice is provided for the renewal of a general permit under OAR 340-0450027(1) (c).
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 11 of 32 Pages
SCHEDULE A
DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS
FOR ALL OPERATORS COVERED UNDER THIS PERMIT
1.
An operator must not exceed the following water quality-based effluent limitation for
discharges to waters of the state from the use of biological pesticides or chemical pesticides for the
pest control covered under this permit. The permit considers that all pesticide applications will leave
a residue.
a.
The discharge must not cause or contribute to the violation of water quality
standards. If at any time the operator becomes aware, or the Department becomes aware, that the
discharge causes or contributes to a violation of water quality standards, corrective action must be
taken as required in Condition No. 3. below.
2.
The following pest management measures are technology-based effluent limits that must
be used to minimize the discharge of biological pesticides or chemical pesticides:
a.
Use the optimal amount of pesticide consistent with the pesticide label directions
to reduce the potential for development of pest resistance and to minimize the frequency of
pesticide applications necessary to control the target pest;
b.
Perform regular maintenance activities to reduce leaks, spills, or other unintended
discharges of biological pesticides or chemical pesticides associated with the application of
pesticides, including mixing and loading activities;
c.
Maintain the pesticide application equipment in proper operating condition by
calibrating, cleaning and repairing the equipment as necessary to ensure effective and accurate
pesticide applications.
d.
Assess weather conditions (e.g. air and water temperature, precipitation and wind
speed) in the treatment area to ensure application is consistent with all applicable pesticide
application requirements.
3.
An operator must take the following Corrective Action for all pesticide applications
covered under this permit:
a.
Review and evaluate the pest management measures in Schedule A.,Conditions 2,
4 and 5 through 9 and, where appropriate, take corrective action by revising the pest
management measures and ensuring that the following situations are eliminated and will not be
repeated:
i.
A spill, leak or unpermitted discharge;
ii.
A discharge that causes or contributes to a violation of water quality
standards;
iii.
A failure to follow pest management measures;
iv.
Pest management measures that are not sufficient to meet the discharge
limitations in the permit;
v.
A reportable adverse incident.
b.
If the operator determines that revisions to the Pest Management Measures in
Schedule A Conditions 2, 4 and 5 through 9 are necessary for any situation that was identified
above, then the operator must make sure that changes to the pest management measures are made
before proceeding with the application and, in all cases, before the next pesticide application.
c.
Upon becoming aware of a leak or spill, the operator must take immediate
corrective action to stop and contain leaks or spills of pesticides.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 12 of 32 Pages
FOR OPERATORS AT OR BELOW THE ANNUAL TREATMENT AREA IN TABLE 1,
THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGY-BASED EFFLUENT LIMIT APPLIES.
4.
An operator, that is not identified in Table 1, must use pest management measures as an
effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a
combination of common-sense practices as follows:
a.
Use current, comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and their
interaction with the environment to manage pests with the least possible hazard to the environment,
property and people, while keeping under consideration the most economical means to achieve the
pest control.
b.
Monitor and identify pests. Consider that not all insects, weeds, and other living
organisms require control.
c.
Consider action thresholds before taking any pest control action. Pest
Management Measures first sets an action threshold, a point at which pest populations or
environmental conditions indicate that pest control action must be taken. Detecting a single pest
does not always mean control is needed.
d.
Consider alternative pest management options, such as,
i.
Preventative measures to prevent pests from becoming a problem.
ii.
When monitoring, identification, and action thresholds indicate that pest
control is required, and preventive methods are no longer effective or available, evaluate and use
the appropriate control method(s) by considering cultural mechanical or physical methods and
biological control methods, or other pest control methods.
e.
Operators discharging pesticides to surface waters of the state solely from
pesticide research and development activities must use the pesticide consistent with any
applicable research plan and experimental use permit and are exempt from the pest
management measures described above to the extent that such measures may compromise the
research design.
FOR OPERATORS IDENTIFIED IN TABLE 1, THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGYBASED EFFLUENT LIMITS APPLY.
5.
For operators identified in Table 1 for Mosquito and Other Flying Insect Pest Control:
Prior to the first pesticide application that will result in a discharge to waters of the state and at
least once each calendar year thereafter prior to the first pesticide application for that calendar
year, the operator must select and implement for each pest management
area, efficient and effective means that minimize discharges resulting from application of
pesticides by implementing the following pest management measures at a more intensive level to
identify the problem, evaluate pest management options and minimize
pesticide use..
a.
Identify the problem:
i.
Identify the target pest to develop pest management measures based on
developmental and behavioral considerations for each pest;
ii.
Identify known breeding sites for source reduction, larval control program,
and habitat management;
iii.
Establish densities for larval and adult mosquito or flying insect pest
populations or identify environmental conditions(s), either current or based on historical data, to
serve as action threshold(s) for implementing pest management options in Schedule A,5.b.
below; and
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 13 of 32 Pages
iv.
Analyze existing surveillance data to identify new or unidentified sources
of mosquito or flying insect pest problems as well as sites that have recurring pest problems.
v.
In the event there are no data for the pest management area in the past
calendar year, use other available data as appropriate to meet the permit conditions in Schedule
A, Condition 5.a.
b.
Evaluate Pest Management Options
The operator must evaluate the following management options, including a combination of
these management options, for the target pest in the pest management area considering
impact to water quality, impact to non-target organisms, pest resistance, feasibility, and
cost effectiveness:
i.
No action;
ii.
Prevention;
iii.
Mechanical or physical methods;
iv.
Cultural methods;
v.
Biological control agents;
vi.
Pesticides.
c.
Determine Appropriate Pesticide Use
If a pesticide is selected as part of the pest management measure, the operator must follow
these Pesticide Use practices:
i.
Conduct larval or adult pest surveillance, or both, in an area that is
representative of the pest problem, or evaluate existing larval surveillance data, environmental
conditions or data from an adjacent area prior to each pesticide application to assess the treatment
area and to determine when an action threshold is met;
ii.
Reduce the impact on the environment and on non-target organisms by
applying the pesticide only when the action threshold has been met;
iii.
In situations or locations where practicable and feasible for efficacious
control, use larvicides as a preferred pesticide for mosquito or flying insect pest control when a
larval action threshold has been met; and
iv.
In situations or locations where larvicide use is not practicable or feasible
for efficacious control, use adulticides for mosquito or flying insect pest control when an adult
action threshold has been met.
6.
For operators identified in Table 1 for Weed and Algae Control: Prior to the first
pesticide application that will result in a discharge to waters of the state and at least once each
calendar year thereafter prior to the first pesticide application for that calendar year, the operator
must select and implement, for each pest management area, efficient and effective means that
minimize discharges resulting from application of pesticides by implementing Pest Management
Measures at a more intensive level to identify the problem, evaluate pest management options
and minimize pesticide use.
a.
Identify the Problem:
i.
Identify areas with pest problems and characterize the extent of the
problems, including, for example, water use goals not attained (e.g. wildlife habitat,
fisheries, vegetation, and recreation);
ii.
Identify the target pest or pests causing the problems;
iii.
Identify possible factors causing or contributing to the pest problem (e.g.,
nutrients, invasive species, etc);
iv.
Establish any pest- and site-specific action threshold to serve as action
thresholds for implementing pest management options in Schedule A,6.b. below, and
v.
In the event there are no data for the pest management area in the past
calendar year, use other available data as appropriate to meet the permit conditions in Schedule
A, Condition 6.a.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 14 of 32 Pages
b.
Evaluate Pest Management Options
The operator must evaluate the following management options, including a combination of
these management options, for the target pest in the pest management area, considering
impact to water quality, impact to non-target organisms, pest resistance, feasibility, and cost
effectiveness:
i.
No action;
ii.
Prevention;
iii.
Mechanical or physical methods;
iv.
Cultural methods;
v.
Biological control agents;
vi.
Pesticides.
c.
Determine Appropriate Pesticide Use
If a pesticide is selected as part of the pest management measure, the operator must follow
these Pesticide Use practices:
i.
Conduct surveillance in an area that is representative of the pest problem
prior to each pesticide application to assess the pest management area and to determine when the
action threshold(s) is met that necessitates the need for applying the pesticide; and
ii.
Reduce the impact on the environment and non-target organisms by
evaluating site restrictions, application timing, and application method in addition to applying the
pesticide only when the action threshold has been met.
7.
For operators identified in Table 1 for Nuisance Animal Control: Prior to the first
pesticide application that will result in a discharge to waters of the state and at least once each
calendar year thereafter prior to the first pesticide application for that calendar year, the operator
must select and implement, for each pest management area, efficient and effective means that
minimize discharges resulting from application of pesticides by implementing Pest Management
Measures at a more intensive level to identify the problem, evaluate pest management options
and minimize pesticide us.
a. Identify the Problem:
i.
Identify areas with pest problems and characterize the extent of the
problems, including, for example, water use goals not attained (e.g. wildlife habitat,
fisheries, vegetation, and recreation);
ii.
Identify the target pest or pests causing the problems;
iii.
Identify possible factors causing or contributing to the problem (e.g.,
nutrients, invasive species);
iv.
Establish any pest- and site-specific action threshold for implementing
pest management options in Schedule A,7.b. below and
v.
In the event there are no data for the pest management area in the past
calendar year, use other available data as appropriate to meet the permit conditions in Schedule
A, Condition 7.a.
b. Evaluate Pest Management Options
The operator must evaluate the following management options, including a combination of
these management options for the target pest in the pest management area considering
impact to water quality, impact to non-target organisms, pest resistance, feasibility, and
cost effectiveness:
i.
No action;
ii.
Prevention;
iii.
Mechanical or physical methods;
iv.
Cultural methods;
v.
Biological control agents;
vi.
Pesticides.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 15 of 32 Pages
c.
Determine Appropriate Pesticide Use
If a pesticide is selected as part of the pest management measure, the operator must follow
these Pesticide Use practices:
i.
Conduct surveillance, in an area that is representative of the pest problem
prior to each application to assess the pest management area and to determine when the action
threshold is met that necessitates the need for applying the pesticide; and
ii.
Reduce the impact on the environment and non-target organisms by
evaluating site restrictions, application timing, and application method in addition to applying the
pesticide only when the action threshold has been met.
8.
For operators identified in Table 1 for Forest Canopy Pest Control: Prior to the first
pesticide application that will result in a discharge to waters of the state and at least once each
calendar year thereafter prior to the first pesticide application for that calendar year, the operator
must select and implement, for each pest management area, efficient and effective means that
minimize discharges resulting from application of pesticides by implementing Pest Management
Measures at a more intensive level to identify the problem, evaluate pest management options
and minimize pesticide use .
a.
Identify the Problem:
i.
Identify target pest or pests to develop pest management measures based
on developmental and behavioral considerations for each pest;
ii.
Establish any target pest- and site-specific action threshold to serve as an
action threshold for implementing pest management options in Schedule A,8.b. below; and
iii.
Identify current distribution of the target pest and assess potential
distribution in the absence of pest management measures.
iv.
In the event there are no data for the pest management area in the past
calendar year, use other available data as appropriate to meet the permit conditions in Schedule
A, Condition 8.a.
b.
Evaluate Pest Management Options
The operator must evaluate the following management options, including a combination of
these management options, for the target species, considering impact to water quality, impact
to non-target organisms, pest resistance, feasibility, and cost effectiveness:
i.
No action;
ii.
Prevention;
iii.
Mechanical or physical methods;
iv.
Cultural methods;
v.
Biological control agents;
vi.
Pesticides.
c.
Determine Appropriate Pesticide Use
If a pesticide is selected as part of the pest management measure, the operator must follow
these Pesticide Use practices:
i.
Evaluate using pesticides against the most susceptible developmental
stage;
ii.
Conduct surveillance, in an area that is representative of the pest problem
prior to each application to assess the pest management area and to determine when the pest
action threshold is met;
iii.
Reduce the impact on the environment and non-target organisms by
evaluating the restrictions, application timing, and application methods in addition to applying
the pesticide only when the action thresholds have been met
been met.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 16 of 32 Pages
9.
For operators identified in Table 1 for Area-Wide Pest Control: Prior to the first
pesticide application that will result in a discharge to waters of the state and at least once each
calendar year thereafter prior to the first pesticide application for that calendar year, the operator
must select and implement, for each pest management area, efficient and effective means that
minimize discharges resulting from application of pesticides by implementing Pest Management
Measures at a more intensive level to identify the problem, evaluate pest management options
and minimize pesticide use.
a.
Identify the Problem:
i.
Identify the area with the problem, characterize the extent of the problem.
Identify the target pest or pests causing the problem;
ii.
Identify possible factors causing or contributing to the problem; and
iii.
Establish any pest- and site-specific action threshold to serve as an action
threshold for implementing pest management options in Schedule A,9.b. below.
iv.
In the event there are no data for the pest management area in the past
calendar year, use other available data as appropriate to meet the permit conditions in Schedule
A, Condition 9.a.
b.
Evaluate Pest Management Options
The operator must evaluate the following management options for the target species, considering
impact to water quality, impact to non-target organisms, pest resistance, feasibility, and cost
effectiveness:
i.
No action;
ii.
Prevention;
iii.
Mechanical or physical methods;
iv.
Cultural methods;
v.
Biological control agents;
vi.
Pesticides.
c.
Determine Appropriate Pesticide Use
If a pesticide is selected as part of the pest management measure, the operator must follow
these Pesticide Use practices:
i.
Evaluate using pesticides against the most susceptible developmental
stage;
ii.
Conduct surveillance in an area that is representative of the pest problem
prior to each application to assess the pest management area and to determine when the pest
action threshold is met;
iii.
Reduce the impact on the environment and non-target organisms by
evaluating the restrictions, application timing, and application methods in addition to applying
the pesticide only when the action thresholds have been met.
10.
Operators discharging pesticides to surface waters of the state solely from pesticide
research and development activities must use the pesticide consistent with any applicable research
plan and experimental use permit and are exempt from the pest management measures in
Schedule A,Condition 5 through 9 to the extent that such measures may compromise the research
design.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 17 of 32 Pages
SCHEDULE B
MINIMUM MONITORING, REPORTING, AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS
MONITORING, REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING FOR ALL OPERATORS
COVERED UNDER THIS PERMIT
1.
All operators covered under this permit must conduct visual assessments of application
sites. Visual assessments consist of spot checks in the area in and around where pesticides are
applied for possible and observable adverse impacts caused by an application of pesticides
subject to this permit. Possible and observable adverse impacts
include, but are not limited to, the unanticipated death or distress of non-target organisms,
disruption of fish or wildlife habitat and disruption of recreational or municipal water use.
Visual assessments are required as follows:
a.
During the application when considerations for safety and feasibility allow and
b.
During any post-application surveillance or efficacy check that is conducted.
2.
All operators covered under this permit must provide notification to the users of known
public or private drinking water supplied from surface water prior to pesticide applications for
those pesticides with potable water use restrictions where applications may impact such a public
or private drinking water source. Notification is not required if the FIFRA label requires setbacks
and these setbacks are satisfied. Drinking water source information tools to identify downstream
intake locations are provided by the DEQ Drinking Water Protection Program and the Oregon
Department of Water Resources.
3.
An operator must contact the Oregon Emergency Response System (OERS), if the operator
observes or is otherwise made aware of an adverse incident that may have resulted from a
discharge from the pesticide application. The contact must occur no later than 24 hours after the
operator becomes aware of the adverse incident. The Oregon Emergency Response System can be
reached at 800-452-0311 or Salem Area 503-378-6377.
a.
Adverse Incident Notification to the Oregon Emergency Response System (OERS)
at 800-452-0311 or Salem Area 503-378-6377 must include the following information.
i. Name of the person providing the notification and telephone number;
ii. Location address and description of the area including water bodies affected;
iii. Operator name and mailing address if different from above;
iv. The NPDES File Number, if known;
v.
Name of a contact person if different from the person providing the
notification;
vi.
Date, time, and the way that the adverse incident was discovered;
vii. Description of the adverse incident including name of the affected species;
viii.
EPA registration number of each product applied in the area of the adverse
incident;
ix.
Description of any steps taken or plan to take to correct, repair, clean up or
mitigate the adverse effects;
x. Reason why notification was made later than 24 hours, if applicable.
b.
The operator is not required to report an adverse incident in the following
situations:
i.
The operator is aware of facts that clearly establish that the adverse incident
was not related to toxic effects or exposure from the pesticide application;
ii.
The operator has received notification in writing that the Department has
waived the reporting requirements for this incident or category of incidents;
iii.
The operator receives information about the adverse incident, but that
information is clearly erroneous;
iv.
An adverse incident occurs to pests that are similar in kind to pests identified
on the FIFRA label.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 18 of 32 Pages
c.
The operator must provide a written report within thirty (30) days of a reportable
adverse incident to the DEQ local regional field office at the address below. The report must
include the following information:
i.
Date, time and the information that was provided in the initial notification in
Condition 4.a. above;
ii.
The DEQ or OERS employee who was contacted and any instructions
received from that person;
iii.
The effect of the adverse incident on species involved, including the type of
species (if known), estimate of the number dead, estimate of the number distressed, the size of the
number of dead and the size of the number distressed;
iv.
The size of the area of water that was affected (square area or stream miles);
v.
Pesticide application rate, where the pesticide was applied (water’s edge,
canopy, in water), method of application, name of the pesticide product, description of the
pesticide active ingredient(s), and EPA registration number for the product ;
vi.
Description of the circumstances under which the adverse incident occurred;
vii.
If laboratory tests were performed, provide information on what tests were
performed, when the tests were performed, who conducted the tests and a summary of the test
results within 5 days after they become available.
viii.
If applicable, explain why you believe the adverse incident could not have
been caused by exposure to the pesticide.
ix.
Actions to be taken to prevent the recurrence of the adverse incidents; and
x.
A signature and date on report.
DEQ Regional Field Office Addresses
Bend Office
475 NE Bellevue Dr., Suite 110
Bend, OR 97701
541-388-6146
Fax: 541-388-8283
Toll Free: 866-863-6668 (Oregon only) Baker,
Crook, Deschutes, Gilliam, Grant, Harney, Hood
River, Jefferson, Klamath, Lake, Malheur,
Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa,
Wasco, and Wheeler
Pendleton Office
700 SE Emigrant, #330
Pendleton, OR 97801
541-276-4063
Fax: 541-278-0168
Toll Free: 800-304-3513 (Oregon only)
Portland Office
2020 SW Fourth Ave, Suite 400
Portland, OR 97201-4987
(503) 229-5263
fax (503) 229-6945 (Clackamas, Clatsop,
Columbia, Multnomah, Tillamook, and
Washington)
Medford Office
541-776-6010
877-823-3216 (toll free)
221 Stewart Ave., Suite 201
Medford, OR 97501
Salem Office
503-378-8240
800-349-7677 (toll free)
503-378-3684 (TTY)
750 Front St. NE, Suite 120
Salem, OR 97301-1039
Eugene Office
541-686-7838
800-844-8467 (toll free)
541-687-5603 (TTY)
165 East 7th Avenue, Suite 100
Eugene, OR 97401
4.
The adverse incident notification requirements in this permit are in addition to the
notification and reporting requirements required by FIFRA section 6(a)(2) and its
implementing regulations at 40 CFR Part 159.
5.
An operator must immediately notify the Oregon Emergency Management Division's
Oregon Emergency Response System (OERS) by calling 1-800-452-0311 if the amount
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 19 of 32 Pages
of oil or hazardous material spilled or released, or threatening to spill or release, exceeds the
reportable quantity established in ORS 466.605 or listed in OAR 340-1420050, or will exceed a reportable quantity in any 24-hour period.
The reportable quantities in OAR 340-142-0050 include, but are not limited to, any quantity of oil
that would produce a visible film, sheen, oily slick, oily solids, or coat aquatic life, habitat or
property with oil, and 200 pounds (25 gallons) of pesticide residue. A release does not include a
discharge from pesticide applications that are made in compliance with applicable pesticide
application laws.
6.
Within 5 days of becoming aware of a spill, leak or other unpermitted discharge of a
pesticide to waters of the state an operator must document and retain the following information
in response to Schedule A. Condition 3.a. i.:
a.
Information provided to the Oregon Emergency Response System
b.
Summary of corrective action taken or to be taken including date the corrective
action was started and the date completed or expected to be completed.
c.
Any measures taken to prevent the recurrence of such a spill or leak or other
unpermitted discharge
d.
Whether Pesticide Discharge Management Plan (PDMP) modifications are required,
if applicable.
7.
An operator must document corrective actions taken in response to Schedule A, Condition
3.a. ii. through v. within 5 days of becoming aware of that situation and retain a copy of the
documentation. The operator must document and retain the following information:
a.
Identify what triggered the need for corrective action and include a brief description;
b.
The date the need for corrective was identified;
c.
How the operator became aware of the situation;
d.
Results of any water quality sampling data;
e.
The type of corrective action(s) taken;
f.
Date the corrective action began and ended;
g.
Measures taken to prevent the recurrence, include whether PDMP modifications are
required, if applicable.
8.
All operators must keep the following records:
a.
A copy of the permit (either electronic copy or hardcopy);
b.
A copy of the documentation required for Schedule B, Conditions 3, 6 and 7 above;
c.
Rationale for not reporting an adverse incident as allowed in Schedule B, Condition
3.b. above;
d.
Up-to-date records on the amount of acres or linear miles treated for the pesticide
applications covered under this permit on an annual basis;
e.
If licensed as a pesticide applicator or pesticide consultant in Oregon, pesticide
application records as required by ORS 634.146 and OAR 603-057-0130;
f.
If licensed as a private pesticide applicator in Oregon, records as required by US
Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service.
g.
Records must be kept for a period of at least 3 years.
ADDITIONAL RECORDKEEPING FOR OPERATORS IDENTIFIED IN TABLE 1
9.
For operators identified in Table 1, the records below must be kept at the address provided
on the permit registration. All required records must be documented as soon as possible but no later
than 14 days following completion of each pesticide application in a treatment area. The operator
can rely on copies of the records and documents that are developed for other obligations, such as
required under FIFRA, USDA, and state and local pesticide programs, provided that these separate
documents satisfy the requirements of the permit and are kept at the address provided on the permit
registration.
a.
A copy of the application for permit registration submitted to the Department;
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 20 of 32 Pages
b.
Correspondence exchanged with the Department specific to coverage under this
permit, and a copy of the Department acknowledgment letter assigning the file number for
registration;
c.
A copy of the annual report;
d.
Information on each treatment area to which pesticides are discharged as follows:
i.
Surveillance methods used, dates of surveillance activities, and findings of
surveillance;
ii.
Target pest(s) and explanation of the need for pest control;
iii.
Pest or site-specific action threshold prior to pesticide application;
iv.
Description of pest management measures(s) implemented prior to the
first pesticide application;
v.
Company name and contact information for pesticide applicator;
vi.
Pesticide application dates and time of day of the application;
vii.
Description of treatment area, including location and size (acres or linear feet) of
treatment area and identification of any waters, either by name or by location, to which any
pesticides were discharged;
viii.
Name of each pesticide product used including the EPA registration
number;
ix.
Quantity of pesticide applied (application rate, diluents, dilution);
x.
Concentration (%) of active ingredient in formulation;
xi.
For pesticide applications directly to waters, the effective concentration of
active ingredient required for control;
xii.
Any unusual or unexpected effects identified to non-target organisms;
xiii.
Whether or not a visual assessment was conducted. If a visual assessment
was conducted was it during the pesticide application or post pesticide application, if no visual
assessment was conduct, explain why was it not conducted;
xiv.
Assessment of environmental conditions relating to proper pesticide use. e.
Documentation of any equipment calibration, for example date of equipment
calibration; (Copies of records kept by a pesticide application equipment operator may be used.);
f.
A copy of the PDMP along with all the supporting maps and documents,
including any modifications made to the PDMP during the term of this permit.
ANNUAL REPORTING FOR OPERATORS IDENTIFIED IN TABLE 1
10.
An operator identified in Table 1 must submit an annual report to the DEQ regional field
office as follows:
a.
If initial registration confirmed in the letter from the Department is dated on or
before December 1, the operator must submit the first annual report no later than February 15 of
the following year for all pesticide activities covered under this permit that occurred during the
previous calendar year. See the table below for an example.
b.
If registration confirmed in the letter from the Department is dated later than
December 1, the operator must submit the first annual report no later than February 15 after the
following full year. For example if the registration confirmation letter is dated December 2,
2011, the first annual report is due on February 15, 2013. The first annual report is required to
include information for the portion of the prior calendar year and the next full year. See the table
below for an example.
Examples of when reporting is due based on registration dates
Condition
Date of the letter First annual report due
Information included
date
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 21 of 32 Pages
10.a
July 12, 2012
February 15, 2013
10.b
December 2,
2011
February 15, 2013
July 12, 2012 through
December 31, 2012
December 2, 2011
through
December 31, 2012
c.
After the initial registration, an annual report is due each year the permit is in
effect even if there has been no pesticide application.
d.
If the permit coverage is terminated, an annual report is due no later than 45 days
after the termination date or February 15 of the following year whichever is earlier. The
annual report must address the portion of the year the permit registration was effective.
e.
The annual report must contain the following information:
i.
Operator’s name;
ii.
NPDES permit file number;
iii.
Timeframe the annual report covers;
iv.
Contact person name, title, mailing address, e-mail address (if any), and phone
number;
v.
For each pest treatment area:
1)
Identification of any waters or other treatment area, including size,
either by name or by location, to which you discharged any pesticide;
2)
What the pesticide application was used to control (i.e., mosquito
and other flying insects, weeds and algae, nuisance animals, or forest canopy) and target
pest;
3)
Company name and contact information for each pesticide
applicator, if different from the operator;
4)
Total amount of each pesticide product applied for the reporting
year by the EPA registration numberand by application method (e.g., aerially by fixed-wing
or rotary aircraft, broadcast spray, etc.);
5)
Whether the pest control activity was addressed in your PDMP
prior to pesticide application;
vi.
If applicable, an annual report of any adverse incidents as a result of a
treatment, for incidents, as described in Schedule B Conditions 2 through
6;
vii.
A description of any corrective action and the rationale for such action, including
spill responses, resulting from pesticide application activities and
viii.
A description of any modifications made to the PDMP.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 22 of 32 Pages
SCHEDULE D
SPECIAL CONDITIONS
PESTICIDE DISCHARGE MANGEMENT PLAN (PDMP) FOR OPERATORS
IDENTIFIED IN TABLE 1
1.
Operators identified in Table 1, must develop and maintain a Pesticide Discharge
Management Plan (PDMP) for their pest management area as follows.
a.
For federal and state agencies, districts identified in Table 1 and non emergency
situations, develop the PDMP by the time the application for registration is submitted to DEQ,
b.
For situations when the operator cannot reasonably predict that the annual pesticide
application(s) will exceed the annual threshold in Table 1, develop, the PDMP prior to the pesticide
application that will cause the annual threshold to be exceeded.
c.
For declared pest emergency, develop the PDMP no later than 90 days after
responding to the declared pest emergency situation.
d.
Once the PDMP is developed, keep the PDMP up-to-date for the duration of
registration under the general permit.
2.
The PDMP required under Condition 1 above can include copies of the records and
documents that are developed for other obligations, such as required under FIFRA, USDA, and state
and local pesticide programs, if these separate documents satisfy the requirements for the content of
the PDMP. The PDMP must contain the following elements.
a.
Pesticide Discharge Management Team- The PDMP must identify all the
persons (by name and contact information) that compose the team and each person’s
individual responsibilities, including:
i.
Persons responsible for managing pests in relation to the pest management
area;
ii.
Persons responsible for developing and revising the PDMP; and
iii.
Persons responsible for developing, revising, and implementing corrective
actions and other effluent limitation requirements.
b.
Pest Problem Identification. The operator must document the pest problem in
the pest management area.
i.
Pest problem description. Description of the pest problem in the pest
management area, including identification of the target pest or pests,
source of the pest problem, and source of data used to identify the problem in Schedule A ,
Condition Nos. 5.a,6.a,7.a,8.a and 9.a.
ii.
Action Thresholds. Describe the action thresholds in the pest management
area, including a description of how they were determined (e.g. data used in developing an action
threshold and method used to determine when the action threshold has been met).
iii.
General location map. In the plan, include a general location map (e.g.,
USGS quadrangle map, or a portion of a city or county map) that identifies the geographic
boundaries of the pest management area to which the plan applies, the anticipated treatment areas
and locationof the waters of the state.;
iv.
Water quality limited water. Use the DEQ 303(d) list of impaired water
bodies on DEQ’s web site to identify waters that are impaired for the substance discharged,
including the list of pesticide(s) or degradates for which the water is impaired.
c.
Pest Management Options Evaluation. The PDMP must include an evaluation
of pest management options including a combination of the pest management options to control
the target pest for the pest management area. The operator must document the pest management
options that will be implemented to comply with
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 23 of 32 Pages
the effluent limitations required in Schedule A. The operator must include in the description
the active ingredients evaluated for pesticide use.
d.
Schedules and Procedures. The PDMP must include the following schedules
and procedures. These document the pest management measures used to comply with the
effluent limitations in Schedule A.
i.
List of proposed pesticides to be applied including brand name and EPA
registration number, and a copy of the label. (Schedule A, Condition 2.a.)
ii.
Application Rate and Frequency Procedures(Schedule A, Condition 2.a)
for using the optimal amount of pesticide consistent with the pesticide label directions to
reduce the potential for development of pest resistance and to minimize the frequency of
pesticide applications necessary to control the target pest;
iii.
Spill Prevention. (Schedule A, Condition 2.b.) Procedures and schedule of
maintenance activities for preventing spills and leaks of pesticides associated with the
application of pesticides covered under this permit.
iv.
Pesticide Application Equipment. (Schedule A, Condition 2.c.) Schedules
and procedures for maintaining the pesticide application equipment in proper operating
condition, including calibrating, cleaning, and repairing the equipment.
v.
Pesticide Monitoring– The operator must document procedures for
monitoring consistent with the requirements in Schedule B, Condition 1. including:
1)
The process for determining the location of any monitoring;
2)
A schedule for monitoring;
3)
The person (or position) responsible for conducting monitoring,
e.
Response Procedures. Pertaining to Other Actions Necessary to Minimize
Discharges. At a minimum, the PDMP must include the following actions necessary to
minimize discharges.
i.
Spill Response Procedures. Procedures for expeditiously stopping,
containing, and cleaning up leaks, spills, and other releases. Employees who may cause,
detect, or respond to a spill or leak must be trained in
these procedures and have necessary spill response equipment available. If possible, one of
these individuals should be a member of the PDMP team.
ii.
Adverse Incident Response Procedures. Procedures for responding to any
adverse incident resulting from pesticide applications;
iii.
Procedures for notification of spill and adverse incident response.
Procedures for notification of appropriate facility personnel, emergency chemical responders,
drinking water intake contacts and OERS, contact information for the notifications and
information on the nearest emergency medical facility must be in locations that are readily
accessible and available.
f.
Supporting Documentation. Documentation of approvals for pesticide
applications in sensitive areas, such as required by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
under ORS 452.140(1) and (2), 452.245(1) and (2), and pesticide licensing as required by
Oregon Department of Agriculture under ORS chapter
634. Record of notifications to sources of public and private drinking water intakes.
(Schedule B. Condition 3.) Copies of any portions of any documents that are incorporated by
reference to satisfy the required elements of the PDMP.
g.
Signature Requirement. The PDMP and revisions to the PDMP must be signed,
dated and certified as described in Schedule F Section D Reporting Requirements under
Condition No. 8.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 24 of 32 Pages
3.
An operator required to develop a PDMP under Schedule D, Condition 1 above must
review and modify the PDMP as follows:
a.
Review the PDMP at least once per calendar year and whenever necessary to
update the pest problem identified, scope of pest management area and pest management
strategies evaluated.
b.
Modify the PDMP to address corrective actions taken in Schedule A., or
c.
Modify the PDMP when a change in pest control activities significantly changes
the type or quantity of pollutants discharged.
d.
Make the changes to the PDMP before the next pesticide application that results
in a discharge, if practicable, or if not, as soon as possible thereafter.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 25 of 32 Pages
SCHEDULE F
NPDES GENERAL CONDITIONS
THE GENERAL CONDITIONS IN THIS SCHEDULE APPLY ONLY TO THE EXTENT
THEY DO NOT CONFLICT WITH THE REQUIREMENTS CONTAINED IN SCHEDULES
A THROUGH E. IF THE PERMIT REQUIREMENTS IN SCHEDULE A THROUGH D
CONFLICT WITH THESE GENERAL CONDITIONS, THE PERMIT REQUIREMENTS IN
SCHEDULE A THROUGH D WILL CONTROL.
SECTION A. STANDARD CONDITIONS
1.
Duty to Comply with Permit
The permittee must comply with all conditions of this permit. Failure to comply with any permit condition is a
violation of Oregon Revised Statutes (ORS) 468B.025 and the federal Clean Water Act and is grounds for an
enforcement action. Failure to comply is also grounds for the Department to terminate, modify and reissue, revoke, or
deny renewal of a permit.
2.
Penalties for Water Pollution and Permit Condition Violations
The permit is enforceable by DEQ or EPA, and in some circumstances also by third-parties under the citizen suit
provisions 33 USC §1365. DEQ enforcement is generally based on provisions of state statutes and EQC rules, and
EPA enforcement is generally based on provisions of federal statutes and EPA regulations.
ORS 468.140 allows the Department to impose civil penalties up to $10,000 per day for violation of a term, condition,
or requirement of a permit. The federal Clean Water Act provides for civil penalties not to exceed $32,500 and
administrative penalties not to exceed $11,000 per day for each violation of any condition or limitation of this permit.
Under ORS 468.943, unlawful water pollution, if committed by a person with criminal negligence, is punishable by a
fine of up to $25,000, imprisonment for not more than one year, or both. Each day on which a violation occurs or
continues is a separately punishable offense. The federal Clean Water Act provides for criminal penalties of not more
than $50,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment of not more than 2 years, or both for second or subsequent
negligent violations of this permit.
Under ORS 468.946, a person who knowingly discharges, places, or causes to be placed any waste into the waters of
the state or in a location where the waste is likely to escape into the waters of the state is subject to a Class B felony
punishable by a fine not to exceed $200,000 and up to 10 years in prison. The federal
Clean Water Act provides for criminal penalties of $5,000 to $50,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment of not
more than 3 years, or both for knowing violations of the permit. In the case of a second or
subsequent conviction for knowing violation, a person shall be subject to criminal penalties of not more than
$100,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment of not more than 6 years, or both.
3.
Duty to Mitigate
The permittee must take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or sludge use or disposal in
violation of this permit that has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment. In
addition, upon request of the Department, the permittee must correct any adverse impact
on the environment or human health resulting from noncompliance with this permit, including such accelerated or
additional monitoring as necessary to determine the nature and impact of the noncomplying discharge.
4.
Duty to Reapply
If the permittee wishes to continue an activity regulated by this permit after the expiration date of this permit, the
permittee must apply for and have the permit renewed. The application must be submitted at least 180 days before
the expiration date of this permit.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 26 of 32 Pages
The Department may grant permission to submit an application less than 180 days in advance but no later than the
permit expiration date.
5.
Permit Actions
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause including, but not limited to, the
following:
a.
Violation of any term, condition, or requirement of this permit, a rule, or a statute
b.
Obtaining this permit by misrepresentation or failure to disclose fully all material facts
c.
A change in any condition that requires either a temporary or permanent reduction or elimination
of the authorized discharge
d.
The permittee is identified as a Designated Management Agency or allocated a wasteload under a
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
e.
New information or regulations
f.
Modification of compliance schedules
g.
Requirements of permit reopener conditions
h.
Correction of technical mistakes made in determining permit conditions
i.
Determination that the permitted activity endangers human health or the environment
j.
Other causes as specified in 40 CFR 122.62, 122.64, and 124.5
The filing of a request by the permittee for a permit modification, revocation or reissuance, termination, or a
notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance, does not stay any permit condition.
6.
Toxic Pollutants
The permittee must comply with any applicable effluent standards or prohibitions established under Oregon
Administrative Rules (OAR) 340-041-0033 and 307(a) of the federal Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants and with
standards for sewage sludge use or disposal established under Section 405(d) of the Clean Water Act within the time
provided in the regulations that establish those standards or prohibitions, even if the permit has not yet been modified
to incorporate the requirement.
7.
Property Rights and Other Legal Requirements
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privilege, or authorize
any injury to persons or property or invasion of any other private rights, or any infringement of federal, tribal, state,
or local laws or regulations.
8.
Permit References
Except for effluent standards or prohibitions established under Section 307(a) of the federal Clean Water Act and
OAR 340-041-0033 for toxic pollutants and standards for sewage sludge use or disposal established under Section
405(d) of the Clean Water Act, all rules and statutes referred to in this permit are those in effect on the date this
permit is issued.
9.
Permit Fees
The permittee must pay the fees required by Oregon Administrative Rules.
SECTION B. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POLLUTION CONTROLS
1.
Proper Operation and Maintenance
The permittee must at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and control (and
related appurtenances) that are installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance with the conditions of this
permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance
procedures. This provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems that are installed
by a permittee only when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions of the permit.
2.
Need to Halt or Reduce Activity Not a Defense
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 27 of 32 Pages
For industrial or commercial facilities, upon reduction, loss, or failure of the treatment facility, the permittee must,
to the extent necessary to maintain compliance with its permit, control production or all discharges or both until
the facility is restored or an alternative method of treatment is provided. This requirement applies, for example,
when the primary source of power of the treatment facility fails or is reduced or lost. It is not a defense for a
permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been
necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.
3.
Bypass of Treatment Facilities
a.
Definitions
(1) "Bypass" means intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of the treatment facility.
The permittee may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to be exceeded, provided
the diversion is to allow essential maintenance to assure efficient operation. These bypasses are not subject to the
provisions of paragraphs b. and c. of this section.
(2) "Severe property damage" means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the
treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources
that can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic
loss caused by delays in production.
b.
Prohibition of bypass.
(1) Bypass is prohibited and the Department may take enforcement action against a permittee for bypass unless:
(a) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage; (b) There were no
feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment
facilities, retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during normal periods of equipment downtime. This condition
is not satisfied if adequate backup equipment should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering
judgment to prevent a bypass that occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventative
maintenance; and
(c) The permittee submitted notices and requests as required under General Condition B.3.c.
(2) The Department may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its adverse effects and any alternatives to
bypassing, when the Department determines that it will meet the three conditions listed above in General Condition
B.3.b.(1).
c.
Notice and request for bypass.
(1) Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in advance of the need for a bypass, a written notice must be
submitted to the Department at least ten days before the date of the bypass.
(2) Unanticipated bypass. The permittee must submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as required in
General Condition D.5.
4.
Upset
a.
Definition. "Upset" means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary
noncompliance with technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of
the permittee. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operation error, improperly designed
treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventative maintenance, or careless or improper
operation.
b.
Effect of an upset. An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance
with such technology-based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of General Condition B.4.c are met. No
determination made during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an
action for noncompliance, is final administrative action subject to judicial review.
c.
Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset. A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative
defense of upset must demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant
evidence that:
(1) An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the causes(s) of the upset; (2) The
permitted facility was at the time being properly operated;
(3) The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in General Condition D.5, hereof (24-hour notice); and
(4) The permittee complied with any remedial measures required under General Condition A.3 hereof.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 28 of 32 Pages
d.
Burden of proof. In any enforcement proceeding the permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an
upset has the burden of proof.
5.
Treatment of Single Operational Upset
For purposes of this permit, A Single Operational Upset that leads to simultaneous violations of more than one
pollutant parameter will be treated as a single violation. A single operational upset is an exceptional incident that
causes simultaneous, unintentional, unknowing (not the result of a knowing act or omission), temporary
noncompliance with more than one Clean Water Act effluent discharge pollutant parameter. A single operational upset
does not include Clean Water Act violations involving discharge without a NPDES permit or noncompliance to the
extent caused by improperly designed or inadequate treatment facilities. Each day of a single operational upset is a
violation.
6.
Public Notification of Effluent Violation
If effluent limitations specified in this permit are exceeded or an overflow occurs that threatens public health, the
permittee must take such steps as are necessary to alert the public, health agencies and other affected entitles (e.g.,
public water systems) about the extent and nature of the discharge in accordance with the notification procedures
developed in accordance with General Condition B.7. Such steps may include, but are not limited to, posting of the
river at access points and other places, news releases, and paid announcements on radio and television.
7.
Emergency Response and Public Notification Plan
The permittee must develop and implement an emergency response and public notification plan that identifies
measures to protect public health from bypasses or upsets that may endanger public health. At a minimum the plan
must include mechanisms to:
a.
Ensure that the permittee is aware (to the greatest extent possible) of such events;
b.
Ensure notification of appropriate personnel and ensure that they are immediately dispatched for
investigation and response;
c.
Ensure immediate notification to the public, health agencies, and other affected entities (including
public water systems). The response plan must identify the public health and other officials who will receive
immediate notification;
d.
Ensure that appropriate personnel are aware of and follow the plan and are appropriately trained;
e.
Provide emergency operations: and
f.
Ensure that DEQ is notified of the public notification steps taken.
8.
Removed Substances
Solids, sludges, filter backwash, or other pollutants removed in the course of treatment or control of wastewaters
must be disposed of in such a manner as to prevent any pollutant from such materials from entering waters of the
state, causing nuisance conditions, or creating a public health hazard.
SECTION C. MONITORING AND RECORDS
1.
Representative Sampling
Sampling and measurements taken as required herein shall be representative of the volume and nature of the
monitored discharge. All samples shall be taken at the monitoring points specified in this permit, and shall be taken,
unless otherwise specified, before the effluent joins or is diluted by any other waste stream, body of water, or
substance. Monitoring points may not be changed without notification to and approval of the Department.
2.
Flow Measurements
Appropriate flow measurement devices and methods consistent with accepted scientific practices must be selected
and used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements of the volume of monitored discharges. The devices
must be installed, calibrated and maintained to insure that the accuracy of the measurements is consistent with the
accepted capability of that type of device. Devices selected must be capable of measuring flows with a maximum
deviation of less than ± 10 percent from true discharge rates throughout the range of expected discharge volumes.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 29 of 32 Pages
3.
Monitoring Procedures
Monitoring must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136, or in the case of sludge
use and disposal, under 40 CFR part 503, unless other test procedures have been specified in this permit.
4.
Penalties of Tampering
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate any
monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this permit may, upon conviction, be punished by a fine
of not more than $10,000 per violation, imprisonment for not more than two years, or both. If a conviction of a person
is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person, punishment is a fine not more than $20,000 per day
of violation, or by imprisonment of not more than four years, or both.
5.
Reporting of Monitoring Results
Monitoring results must be summarized each month on a Discharge Monitoring Report form approved by the
Department. The reports must be submitted monthly and are to be mailed, delivered or otherwise transmitted by the
15th day of the following month unless specifically approved otherwise in Schedule B of this permit.
6.
Additional Monitoring by the Permittee
If the permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by this permit, using test procedures approved
under 40 CFR part 136 or, in the case of sludge use and disposal, under 40 CFR part 503, or as specified in this permit,
the results of this monitoring must be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the Discharge
Monitoring Report. Such increased frequency must also be indicated. For a pollutant parameter that may be sampled
more than once per day (e.g., Total Chlorine Residual), only the average daily value must be recorded unless
otherwise specified in this permit.
7.
Averaging of Measurements
Calculations for all limitations that require averaging of measurements must utilize an arithmetic mean, except for
bacteria which shall be averaged as specified in this permit.
8.
Retention of Records
Records of monitoring information required by this permit related to the permittee’s sewage sludge use and disposal
activities shall be retained for a period of at least five years (or longer as required by 40 CFR part
503). Records of all monitoring information including all calibration and maintenance records, all original strip chart
recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this permit and records of all
data used to complete the application for this permit shall be retained for a period of at least 3 years from the date of
the sample, measurement, report, or application. This period may be
extended by request of the Department at any time.
9.
Records Contents
Records of monitoring information must include:
a.
The date, exact place, time, and methods of sampling or measurements;
b.
The individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements;
c.
The date(s) analyses were performed;
d.
The individual(s) who performed the analyses;
e.
The analytical techniques or methods used; and
f.
The results of such analyses.
10.
Inspection and Entry
The permittee must allow the Department or EPA upon the presentation of credentials, to:
a.
Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted, or
where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
b.
Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions of
this permit;
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 30 of 32 Pages
c.
Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control equipment),
practices, or operations regulated or required under this permit, and
d.
Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purpose of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise
authorized by state law, any substances or parameters at any location.
11.
Confidentiality of Information
Any information relating to this permit that is submitted to or obtained by DEQ is available to the public unless
classified as confidential by the Director of DEQ under ORS 468.095. The Permittee may request that information
be classified as confidential if it is a trade secret as defined by that statute. The name and address of the permittee,
permit applications, permits, effluent data, and information required by NPDES application forms under 40 CFR
122.21 will not be classified as confidential. 40 CFR 122.7(b).
SECTION D. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
1.
Planned Changes
The permittee must comply with OAR chapter 340, division 52, "Review of Plans and Specifications" and
40 CFR Section 122.41(l) (1). Except where exempted under OAR chapter 340, division 52, no construction,
installation, or modification involving disposal systems, treatment works, sewerage systems, or common sewers may
be commenced until the plans and specifications are submitted to and approved by the Department. The permittee
must give notice to the Department as soon as possible of any planned physical alternations or additions to the
permitted facility.
2.
Anticipated Noncompliance
The permittee must give advance notice to the Department of any planned changes in the permitted facility or activity
that may result in noncompliance with permit requirements.
3.
Transfers
This permit may be transferred to a new permittee provided the transferee acquires a property interest in the permitted
activity and agrees in writing to fully comply with all the terms and conditions of the permit and the rules of the
Commission. No permit may be transferred to a third party without prior written approval from the Department. The
Department may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permit to change the name of the permittee
and incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary under 40
CFR Section 122.61. The permittee must notify the Department when a transfer of property interest takes place.
4.
Compliance Schedule
Reports of compliance or noncompliance with, or any progress reports on interim and final requirements contained in
any compliance schedule of this permit must be submitted no later than 14 days following each schedule date. Any
reports of noncompliance must include the cause of noncompliance, any remedial actions taken, and the probability
of meeting the next scheduled requirements.
5.
Twenty-Four Hour Reporting
The permittee must report any noncompliance that may endanger health or the environment. Any information must
be provided orally (by telephone) within 24 hours from the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances,
unless a shorter time is specified in the permit. During normal business hours, the Department’s Regional office must
be called. Outside of normal business hours, the Department must be contacted at 1-800-452-0311 (Oregon
Emergency Response System).
The following must be included as information that must be reported within 24 hours under this paragraph:
a.
Any unanticipated bypass that exceeds any effluent limitation in this permit;
b.
Any upset that exceeds any effluent limitation in this permit;
c.
Violation of maximum daily discharge limitation for any of the pollutants listed by the Department in
this permit; and
d.
Any noncompliance that may endanger human health or the environment.
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 31 of 32 Pages
A written submission must also be provided within 5 days of the time the permittee becomes aware of the
circumstances. The written submission must contain:
e.
A description of noncompliance and its cause;
f.
The period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times;
g.
The estimated time noncompliance is expected to continue if it has not been corrected;
h.
Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance; and
i.
Public notification steps taken, pursuant to General Condition B.7.
The Department may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis if the oral report has been received within 24
hours.
6.
Other Noncompliance
The permittee must report all instances of noncompliance not reported under General Condition D.4 or D.5, at the time
monitoring reports are submitted. The reports must contain:
a.
A description of the noncompliance and its cause;
b.
The period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times;
c.
The estimated time noncompliance is expected to continue if it has not been corrected; and
d.
Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
7.
Duty to Provide Information
The permittee must furnish to the Department within a reasonable time any information that the Department may
request to determine compliance with the permit or to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and
reissuing, or terminating this permit. The permittee must also furnish to the Department, upon request, copies of
records required to be kept by this permit.
Other Information: When the permittee becomes aware that it has failed to submit any relevant facts or has submitted
incorrect information in a permit application or any report to the Department, it must promptly submit such facts or
information.
8.
Signatory Requirements
All applications, reports or information submitted to the Department must be signed and certified in
accordance with 40 CFR Section 122.22.
9.
Falsification of Information
Under ORS 468.953, any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any
record or other document submitted or required to be maintained under this permit, including monitoring reports or
reports of compliance or noncompliance, is subject to a Class C felony punishable by a fine not to exceed $100,000
per violation and up to 5 years in prison. Additionally, according to 40 CFR
122.41(k)(2), any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any record or
other document submitted or required to be maintained under this permit including monitoring reports or reports of
compliance or non-compliance shall, upon conviction, be punished by a federal civil penalty not to exceed $10,000
per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than 6 months per violation, or by both.
10.
Changes to Discharges of Toxic Pollutant
The permittee must notify the Department as soon as it knows or has reason to believe the following:
a.
That any activity has occurred or will occur that would result in the discharge, on a routine or frequent
basis, of any toxic pollutant that is not limited in the permit, if that discharge will exceed the highest of the following
“notification levels:
(1) One hundred micrograms per liter (100 μg/l);
(2) Two hundred micrograms per liter (200 μg/l) for acrolein and acrylonitrile; five hundred micrograms per liter
(500 μg/l) for 2,4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol; and one milligram per liter (1 mg/l) for
antimony;
(3) Five (5) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit application in
accordance with 40 CFR Section 122.21(g)(7); or
(4) The level established by the Department in accordance with 40 CFR Section 122.44(f).
Permit Number: 2300A
Page 32 of 32 Pages
b.
That any activity has occurred or will occur that would result in any discharge, on a nonroutine or infrequent basis, of a toxic pollutant that is not limited in the permit, if that discharge will
exceed the highest of the following “notification levels”:
(1) Five hundred micrograms per liter (500 μg/l);
(2) One milligram per liter (1 mg/l) for antimony;
(3) Ten (10) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit
application in accordance with 40 CFR Section 122.21(g)(7); or
(4) The level established by the Department in accordance with 40 CFR Section 122.44(f).
SECTION E. DEFINITIONS
1.
BOD means five-day biochemical oxygen demand.
2.
CBOD means five day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand.
3.
TSS means total suspended solids.
4.
"Bacteria" includes but is not limited to fecal coliform bacteria, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli
bacteria.
5.
FC means fecal coliform bacteria.
6.
Total residual chlorine means combined chlorine forms plus free residual chlorine
7.
Technology based permit effluent limitations means technology-based treatment requirements as
defined in
40 CFR Section 125.3, and concentration and mass load effluent limitations that are based on minimum
design criteria specified in OAR Chapter 340, Division 41.
8.
mg/l means milligrams per liter.
9.
kg means kilograms.
3
10.
m /d means cubic meters per day.
11.
MGD means million gallons per day.
12.
24-hour Composite sample means a combination of at least six discrete sample aliquots of at
least 100 milliliters, collected at periodic intervals from the same location, during the operating hours of the
facility over a 24 hour period. Four (rather than six) aliquots should be collected for volatile organics
analyses. The composite must be flow or time proportional, whichever is more appropriate. The sample
aliquots must be collected and stored in accordance with procedures prescribed in the most recent edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
13.
Grab sample means an individual discrete sample collected over a period of time not to exceed 15
minutes.
14.
Quarter means January through March, April through June, July through September, or October
through
December.
15.
Month means calendar month.
16.
Week means a calendar week of Sunday through Saturday.
APPENDIX I: WASHINGTON COUNTY MOSQUITO CONTROL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CATCH
BASINS
Washington County
Department of Health and Human Services
Public Health Division Environmental
Health
Mosquito Control
Management Practices for
Storm Water Catch Basins
Created 01-2012
By
Ken Carver
Washington County Environmental Health
Mosquito Control Coordinator
Washington County Mosquito Control
Management Practices for Catch Basins
Table of Contents
Identifying the Mosquito Problem:
3
Action Threshold:
3
General Location Map:
3
Impaired Water:
3
Treatment Area:
4
Pest Management:
4
Visual Assessment:
8
Record Keeping:
8
Attachment A: General Location Map
10
Attachment B: Surface Water Drinking Water Source Area Map
11
Attachment C: Pesticide Treatment Area Map
12
Work Cited
13
Page 2 of 13
Washington County Mosquito Control
Management Practices for Catch Basins
Identifying the Mosquito Problem:
A catch basin or storm drain is a curbside drain with the sole function of collecting water
from streets and transporting it to local waterways through a system of underground
piping, culverts and/or drainage ditches. They can also be found in parking lots. In
general, regular maintenance activities, including cleaning, of the storm drain system is
preformed as on-going maintenance.
Storm water systems utilizing catch basins are ubiquitous in USA and are known sources
of mosquito production in the urban environment (Munstermann and Craig 1976). The
principal mosquito species occupying these habitats are Culex species (KronenwetterKoepel et al. 2005). The mosquito species, Culex pipiens, is a primary vector of
encephalitis in the northern United States. Cx. pipiens can be found in a wide range of
larvae habitats but are generally associated with water that has high organic water content.
Catch basins and storm drains provide ideal habitat for Cx. pipiens. Catch basins were
designed to trap debris and hold a portion of the storm water after a rainfall event. In
general, the source of data used to identify the mosquito problem from catch basins will
be peer-reviewed studies, historical and/or current mosquito surveillance, and weather
data.
Action Threshold:
In general, environmental conditions will initiate pest management measures for catch
basins. Typically, the action threshold is reached when the mean average temperature
reaches 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Historically, this is observed during the month of May in
Washington County. Overwintering female Culex pipiens emerge during the month of
May and begin depositing egg rafts in suitable habitat (Crans. 2010). The presence of
mosquitoes amongst a sample of catch basins within a treatment area via dipping and/or
visual surveillance may also initiate pest management measures.
General Location Map:
Washington County is located in the Tualatin Valley of western Oregon. The county is
bordered on the west and north by the Coast Range, on the south by the Chelalem
Mountains and on the north and east by the Tualatin Mountains. In general, mosquito
management of storm water catch basins occurs within the Urban Growth Boundary of
Washington County (attachment A)
Impaired Water:
No impaired waters are within Washington County for pesticide/s to be used in catch
basins for larval mosquito control. If pesticide(s) applications are applied to catch basins
in an area where water is supplied from the surface water (attachment B), notification to
the proper water jurisdiction will be made by Washington County prior to discharge.
Page 3 of 13
Washington County Mosquito Control
Management Practices for Catch Basins
Treatment Area:
Treatment areas in Washington County are defined geographically by city jurisdictions and
there are 16 incorporated cities with the county. An additional treatment area,
unincorporated Washington County, is comprised of the area outside the defined city
jurisdictions (Attachment C). Although each treatment area differs in size and location,
the possible mosquito production sources and species of concern are, in general, universal
throughout the pest management area (Washington County).
Pest Management:
Control conducted in catch basins will follow Washington County’s Pesticide Discharge
Management Plan, where applicable. Washington County Mosquito Control contracts
with multiple regional partners in managing mosquito production in catch basins. Each
agency may have differences in their standard operating procedures as it relates to items
such as catch basin maintenance, spill response and notification. However, the below
table can be used as general guidelines for managing mosquito production in catch
basins.
Table one outlines pest management measures for catch basins as a comprehensive
prevention and control philosophy that utilizes all accessible controls singly or in
combination to exploit the known vulnerabilities of mosquitoes in order to reduce their
numbers to reasonable levels while maintaining a quality environment.
Page 4 of 13
Washington County Mosquito Control
Management Practices for Catch Basins
Table 1: Pest Management Measures for Catch Basins
Control
Measure
Description
Applicability
No Action
Larvicide
Applications
Prevention
Education
and Outreach
Mechanical,
physical
control
Habitat
Modification
Cultural
Control
Habitat
modification
Direct outflow basin,
rainfall events,
environmental
conditions, no permission
granted, cost
effectiveness, or
feasibility may result in
no action decision
on-going activities for
education and training on
personal protection
measures and mosquito
biology
On-going maintenance
(cleaning) of system is
done throughout the
year. Filters, screens,
and/or pavers may be
used but are expensive
and require increase
maintenance and labor
On-going maintenance;
cleaning, de-clogging,
removing blockages help
reduce flooding outside
of catch basin, which can
limit the size of potential
mosquito habitat
Active
Ingredient /
Formulation
NA
Surveillance
Method
Threshold
Application
Method
Rate of
Application
Larvae
dipping,
Visual
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Larvae
dipping,
Visual
Presence of catch
basin
Conducted ongoing as
appropriate
NA
NA
Larva
dipping,
Visual
Presence of catch
basin
Conducted ongoing as
appropriate
NA
Page 5 of 13
Washington County Mosquito Control
Management Practices for Catch Basins
Control
Measure
Description
Applicability
Biological
Control
Introduce
predators
Larvicide
application
Application
of EPA
approved
larvicides
No known legal predators
of mosquito larvae for
use in catch basins
All catch basins in
Washington County. Size
of catch basins and
volume (depth) of water
will vary.
Active
Ingredient /
Formulation
NA
Surveillance
Method
Threshold
Application
Method
Rate of
Application
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bacillus
thuringiensis
israelensis;
Bacillus
sphaericus;
Methoprene;
Spinosad
Larvae
dipping,
Visual
Environmental
conditions and/or
presence of
mosquitoes
Hand
In
accordance
with all
FIFRA label
instructions
Page 6 of 13
Washington County Mosquito Control
Management Practices for Catch Basins
A variety of pesticides and formulations exist that provide effective control of mosquito larvae. In general, formulations are used in
catch basins, which provide efficient control so only one application needs to be conducted each season. Typically, these formulations
are applied towards the beginning of the mosquito season (mid-May/June). Size of catch basins and depth of water will vary
throughout the treatment areas and throughout the year. Table two estimates the number of public catch basins within each treatment
area.
Table 2: Estimate Number of Public Catch Basins for Treatment Areas
Treatment Area
Banks
Beaverton
Cornelius
Forest Grove
Gaston
Hillsboro
King City
Lake Oswego
Estimate # of Public Catch Basins
95
2, 171
1, 024
1, 638
unknown
7, 117
15
unknown
Treatment Area
North Plains
Portland
Rivergrove
Sherwood
Tigard
Tualatin
Wilsonville
Unincorporated
Washington County
Estimate # of Public Catch Basins
77
unknown
unknown
1, 399
3, 854
670
unknown
5, 321
Page 7 of 13
Washington County Mosquito Control
Management Practices for Catch Basins
Visual Assessment:
All operators covered under this permit must conduct visual assessments of application
sites. Visual assessments consist of spot checks in the area in and around where pesticides
are applied for possible and observable adverse impacts caused by an application of
pesticides subject to the 2300A General Pesticide Permit issued by Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ). Possible and observable adverse impacts
include, but are not limited to, the unanticipated death or distress of non-target organisms,
disruption of fish and wildlife habitat.
In general, Washington County Mosquito Control Staff will conduct visual assessments
of catch basins during and/or after a pesticide application in a treatment area as required
by DEQ. Visual assessments are required as follows:
a. During the application when considerations for safety and feasibility allow
b. During any post-application surveillance or efficacy check that is
conducted
DEQ does not require efficacy surveillance of pesticide applications however, if they are
done, than a visual assessment will take place during that time. Contracting government
partners may conduct visual assessments during the application of pesticides when
considerations for safety and feasibility allow.
Record Keeping:
All records must be documented as soon as possible but no later than 14 days following
completion of each pesticide application in a treatment area. On or before the 14th day
after any pesticide application, a copy of the below information will need to be on file
with the operator (Washington County) registered under DEQ.
Information for each treatment area to which pesticides are discharged as follows:
o Surveillance methods used, dates of surveillance, and findings of surveillance
o Target pest(s) and explanation of the need for pest control
o Pest or site-specific action thresholds prior to pesticide application
o Description of pest management measures implemented prior to the first
application
o Company name and contact information for pesticide applicator
o Pesticide application dates and time of day of application
o Description of treatment area, including location and size of treatment area and
identification of any waters
o Name of each pesticide product used including EPA registration number
o Quantity of pesticide applied
o Concentration (%) of active ingredient
o Effective concentration of active ingredient
o Any unusual or unexpected effects identified to non-target organisms
o Was a visual assessment conducted? Was it done during or post pesticide
application, if not explanation why not
o Assessment of environmental conditions relating to proper pesticide use
Page 8 of13
Washington County Mosquito Control
Management Practices for Catch Basins
Attachments
Attachment A: General Location Map
Attachment B: Water Quality Map
Attachment C: Treatment Area Map
Page 9 of13
Attachment A: General Location Map
General Location Map
Legend
--·· --· County Line
Catch Basin Treatment Zone
N
-i-
The information on this map was derived from several
databases and care was taken in its ere ation.
Washington County cannot accept any re sponsibility
for errors, omissions, or p ositionaI accuracy. There a·e
no warranties for this product. However, notification
of any errors will be appreciated
Created 12 2011
Catch basins ma be !reate d outside zone
Page 10 of13
Attachment B: Surface Water Drinking Water Source Area Map
Washington County
Drinking Water Source Area
for Surface Water
Legend
IWJ Surface Water DWSAs
-- r.nunty I inA
II Urban Growth Boundary
N
L
v
The information on this map was derived from severaI
databases and care was taken in its ere ation.
Washington County cannot accept any re sponsibility
for errors, omissions, or p ositionaI accuracy. There are
no warranties for this product. However, notification
of any errors will be appreciated.
Created 12 2011
Page 11 of13
Attachment C: Pesticide Treatment Area Map
Pesticide Treatment Areas
Washington County Oregon
Legend
Treatment Areas
NAME
-Banks
-Beaverton
-Cornelius
-
Durham
-ForestGrove
-Gaston
-
Hillsboro
-
KingC;ty
-UkeOswego
-
North Plains
-Portland
-Rivergrove
-Sherwood
-Tigard
-
Tualatin
-
Unincorpor ad Washington Co
-
Wilsonville
Unincorporated Washington County
Noft11tttins
The information on this map was derived from severaI databases and care was taken in its ere ation.
Washington County cannot accept any re sponsibility for errors, omissions, or positionaI accuracy.
There are no warranties for this product. However, notification of any errors will be appreciated.
Created 12-2011
Page 12 of13
Work Cited
Crans, Wayne J. Culex pipiens Linnaeus. Center for Vector Biology. 2010. Rutgers
University. 12 Dec. 2011. < http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~insects/pip2.htm>
Kronenwetter-Koepel TA, Meece JK, Miller CA, Reed KD. 2005. Surveillance of above- and
below-ground mosquito breeding habitats in a rural Midwestern community: baseline data for
larvicidal control measures against West Nile Virus vectors. Clin Med Res 3:3–
12
Munstermann LE, Craig GB Jr. 1976. Culex mosquito populations in the catch basins of
northern St. Joseph County, Indiana. Proc Indiana Acad Sci 86:246–252
Page 13 of13
APPENDIX J: SPRAY LOG
General Info
Project Name
Start Time
End Time
Type of Vegetation
Controlled
Treatment Area
(Acres)
Mix/Blend
(circle one)
Total Solution Applied
(fl oz)
Estimate % Treatment within 3' of Waterway
Glyphosate
Triclopyr
Closed Container
If not closed container,
Y/N:
percent solution used:
Comments
Conditions
Air Temp (F)
Wind Speed Low
Wind Speed High
Wind Direction
Weather Condition
Relative Humidity
Comments
Other:
APPENDIX K
CAUTION
Herbicides are being applied by state
licensed applicators to control target
weeds. Application methods are
designed to protect water quality.
Materials Used: _________________
Please keep pets on leash and refrain
from contact with work area until sprayed
surfaces (indicated by blue dye) have
dried.
For more information, please call:
___________________________
or (503) 681-3600
Wherever there's water,
there's Clean Water.