1. business and industrial
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HOHENHEIMER BODENKUNDLICHE HEFTE
Heft 115
Dan H. Yaalon Symposium
UNIVERSITÄT HOHENHEIM
INSTITUT FÜR BODENKUNDE
UND STANDORTSLEHRE
HOHENHEIMER BODENKUNDLICHE HEFTE
Herausgeber:
Ellen Kandeler – Thilo Rennert – Karl Stahr – Thilo Streck
Heft 115
Transactions of the Dan H. Yaalon Symposium
at
University of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU)
April 8th – 11th, 2015
Vienna and Uherské Hradiště
Edited by Karl Stahr, Daniela Sauer, Franz Ottner and Danny Itkin
2015
UNIVERSITÄT HOHENHEIM (310), D-70593 STUTTGART
ISSN 0942-0754
UNIVERSITÄT HOHENHEIM
INSTITUT FÜR BODENKUNDE
UND STANDORTSLEHRE
HOHENHEIMER BODENKUNDLICHE HEFTE
Herausgeber:
Ellen Kandeler – Thilo Rennert – Karl Stahr – Thilo Streck
Heft 115
Transactions of the Dan H. Yaalon Symposium
at
University of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU)
April 8th – 11th, 2015
Vienna and Uherské Hradiště
Edited by Karl Stahr, Daniela Sauer, Franz Ottner and Danny Itkin
2015
UNIVERSITÄT HOHENHEIM (310), D-70593 STUTTGART
ISSN 0942-0754
Dan H. Yaalon Symposium, 8th – 11th April, 2015
Organizing Committee
Karl Stahr, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart
Franz Ottner, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Daniela Sauer, University of Technology, Dresden
Daniel deB Richter, Duke University, Durham
Danny Itkin, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva
Scientific Committee
Aaron Yair, Israel
Adrijan Kosir, Slovenia
Ahmet Mermut, Turkey
Andreas Baumgarten, Austria
Birgit Terhorst, Germany
Eric Cameraat, Netherlands
Eric P. Verrecchia, Switzerland
Georges Stoops, Belgium
Goran Durn, Croatia
H. Curtis Monger, Canada
John Ryan, Ireland
Onn Crouvi, Israel
Rosa M. Poch, Spain
V. Paul Wright, Wales
Victor Targulian, Russia
Karl Stahr, Germany
Franz Ottner, Austria
Daniela Sauer, Germany
Daniel deB Richter, USA
Danny Itkin, Israel
I
Preface
Dear colleagues and friends,
We want to welcome you to the Dan Yaalon Symposium at Vienna and Uherské Hradiště. We want to
follow Dan H. Yaalon and as his followers we try to continue his work.
For over half a century Dan Yaalon influenced many of us, both by his unique personality and his
scientific insights. Motivated by our obligation to carry on Dan Yaalon’s legacy and memory, we have
decided to arrange this IUSS special symposium in Vienna which makes it a favourable location to
become a world center for soil sciences. Moreover, it is also close to Uherské Hradiště - Dan Yaalon’s
home town in the Czech Republic.
We welcome contributions which correspond to the major fields of Dan Yaalon’s interest: soil genesis,
soil geography, paleopedology, and/or the history of soil science. This Symposium provides a unique
opportunity for Dan Yaalon’s followers to accord a tribute to his outstanding lifetime work with relevant scientific sessions, as well as enjoying an excursion to his birth place.
We are glad to be able with the help of so many scientific unions, universities and individuals to celebrate this great event. Please find in this transaction's information is about the symposium at Vienna;
Dan Yaalon's life and work and the excursion to Uherské Hradiště his birthplace.
Please think about a definition of soil which Dan gave much earlier:
“PEDOLOGICAL DEFINITON OF SOIL”
“SOIL IS A DYNAMIC NATURAL BODY (SYSTEM)
COMPRISING THE UPPERMOST LAYER OF THE EARTH,
EXHIBITING DISTINCT ORGANIZATION OF
ITS MINERAL AND ORGANIC COMPONENTS,
INCLUDING WATER AND AIR,
WHICH FORMED IN RESPONSE TO
ATMOSPHERIC AND BIOSPHERIC FORCES
ACTING ON VARIOUS PARENT MATERIALS
UNDER DIVERSE TOPOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS
OVER A PERIOD OF TIME”
D. H. YAALON, 1990
Yours,
Danny Itkin and Karl Stahr
Beer Sheva and Hohenheim
March 2015
II
Table of content
Organizing Committee ............................................................................................................................. I
Scientific Committee ................................................................................................................................ I
Preface ..................................................................................................................................................... II
Programme of the Dan H. Yaalon Symposium ....................................................................................... 1
Abstracts ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Wednesday 08.04.2015 – Oral Presentations .................................................................................... 11
Paleopedology ............................................................................................................................... 11
Thursday 09.04.2015 – Oral Presentations........................................................................................ 17
History of Soil Science .................................................................................................................. 17
Memorial Ceremony...................................................................................................................... 19
Loess.............................................................................................................................................. 20
Thursday 09.04.2015 – Poster Presentation ...................................................................................... 24
Friday 10.04.2015 – Oral Presentations ............................................................................................ 31
Pedogenesis ................................................................................................................................... 31
Carbonates ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Archaeology / Man and Soil .......................................................................................................... 36
Pedophysics and Man .................................................................................................................... 39
Outlook .......................................................................................................................................... 41
Saturday 10.04.2015 – Excursion to Uherské Hradiště ..................................................................... 42
Dan Yaalon – Personal Record.............................................................................................................. 43
Dan (Hardy) Yaalon, 1924-2014 ....................................................................................................... 43
First publication of Dan Yaalon ........................................................................................................ 44
Dan Yaalon – Scientific Publications (1952 – 2014) ............................................................................ 52
Dan Yaalon – In Memoriam Letters ...................................................................................................... 66
Excursion Guide .................................................................................................................................... 72
Route Timetable ................................................................................................................................ 72
Description of the excursion route to Uherské Hradiště.................................................................... 73
The loess profile in Stranzendorf - Lower Austria ............................................................................ 75
The outcrop of Stranzendorf in the past ........................................................................................ 75
The present in Stranzendorf........................................................................................................... 76
The future of the profile Stranzendorf ........................................................................................... 79
Uherské Hradiště ............................................................................................................................... 81
Soil at Uherské Hradiště .................................................................................................................... 83
List of Participants................................................................................................................................. 88
III
Programme of the Dan H. Yaalon Symposium
Wednesday 08.04.2015
13:00 – 19:00
Registration
14:00 – 15:40
Paleopedology
Convenor Daniela Sauer
Presenting Author
Title
14:00 – 14:20
Shorkunov, I.; Targulian,
V.
Detailed Reconstruction of Pedogenesis for Complexly Organized and Poorly Conserved
Pedolithocomplexes
14:20 – 14:40
Dergacheva, M.I.,;
Bazhina, N.; Vasilieva,
D.; Kallas, E.; Nekrasova,
O.; Ondar, E.; Ochur, K.;
Uchaev, A.
Holocene Paleosols of Steppe Condition Formation
within Russia
14:40 – 15:00
Jary, Z.; Moska, P.;
Raczyk, J.; Ciszek, D.;
Korabiewski, B.;
Krawczyk, M.
The Middle Pleniweichselian Pedocomplex (L1S1)
within Loess-Soil Sequences of SW Poland
15:00 – 15:20
Wüthrich, L.; Aschenbrenner, J.; Gaar, D.;
Preusser, F.; Zech, R.
Reconstructing Paleoenvironmental Conditions near
Möhlin, Switzerland, Using Leaf Wax Biomarkers
15:20 – 15:40
Solleiro-Rebolledo, E.;
Meyer-Heintze, S.;
Terhorst, B.; Díaz-Ortega,
J.
Micromorphological Characteristics of KremsWachtberg East Loess-Paleosol Profile as a Record of
the Paleoenvironmental Conditions during the
MIS3/2 Transition
15:40 – 16:00
Coffee – break
1
16:00 – 17:40
Paleopedology (cont.)
Convenor Birgit Terhorst
Presenting Author
Title
16:00 – 16:20
Zech, R.; Sprafke, T.;
Knoll, S.; Haas, M.; Zech,
M.; Salazar, G.; Szidat, S.
Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Dating of Leaf
Waxes in Loess-Paleosols
16:20 – 16:40
Schäfer, I.K.; Suhr, M.;
Wolf, D.; Zech, R.
Leaf Wax Biomarkers in the Late Pleistocene Loess
Paleosol Sequence El Paraíso, Central Spain
16:40 – 17:00
Diaz, N.; Dietrich, F.;
Cailleau, G.; Decrouy, L.;
Sebag, D.; Ngounou
Ngatcha, B.; Verrecchia,
E.
Are the Mima-like Mounds Observed in Far-North
Cameroon Palaeo-Vertisol Features Inherited from
Late Pleistocene-Holocene Climatic Variations?
17:00 – 17:20
Wright, V.P.
Geomorphic Controls on the Preservation of
Paleosols on Early Carboniferous Palimpsest Landscapes, South Wales, UK
17:20 – 17:40
Farres, P.
Palaeosoils: Legacies of Past Landscapes. A Series of
Contrasting Examples from Malta
From 18:00
Get together party
2
Thursday, 09.04.2015
8:00 – 16:00
Registration Office
8:40 – 09:40
History of Soil Science
Convenor Winfried Blum
Presenting Author
Title
08:40 – 09:00
Mello, N.A.; Muggler, C.C.
Evolution of Soil Science in Brazil by an Epistemological Perspective
09:00 – 09:20
Blume, H. – P.
Meetings with Dan H. Yaalon 1964-2004
09:20 – 09:40
Stoops, G.; Langohr, R.; Van
Ranst, E.
A Review of 50 Years Micromorphological
Research of Belgian Soils
09:40 – 10:00
Coffee – break
10:00 – 12:00
Memorial Ceremony
Convenor Karl Stahr
Presenting Author
Title
10:00 – 10: 20
Stahr, K.
Welcome Address
10: 20 – 10:40
Haberhauer, G.
Vice-Rector of the BOKU
Ongoing soil research at the BOKU
10:40 – 11:00
Baumgarten, A.
President of the Austrian Soil Science
Society
Treasurer of IUSS
Presidential Address
11:00 – 11:20
Makeev, A.O,; Sycheva, S..
The History of Paleopedology as a
Scientific Discipline
11:20 – 12:00
Itkin, D.
Remembering Dan Yaalon’s Life
Yaalon, D. ; Yaalon, U.
Things worthwile to remember
12:00 – 13:20
Lunch
3
13:20 – 14:40
Loess
Convenor Roland Zech
Presenting Author
Title
13:20 – 13:40
Meyer-Heintze, S.; Sprafke,
T.; Terhorst, B.; Schulte, P.;
Lehmkuhl, F.; NeugebauerMaresch, C.; Einwögerer, T.;
Händel, M.; Simon, U.; Lomax, J.; Fuchs, M.; SolleiroRebolledo, E.
Multidisciplinary Approach to the Loess Profile Krems-Wachtberg East, Lower Austria
(MIS3/2)
13:40 – 14:00
Owczarek, P.; Jary, Z.;
Rahmonov, O.; Korabiewski,
B.; Opala, M.
Aeolian and Fluvioglacial Deposits in the
Mountains of Central Asia – Contribution to
the Discussion about the Origin of Loess Material
14:00 – 14:20
Varga, G.; Cserháti, C.;
Kovács, J.
Multidisciplinary Investigations of Saharan
Dust Events in the Mediterranean and in the
Carpathian Basin (Central Europe)
14:20 – 14:40
Crouvi, O.; Amit, R.; Enzel,
Y.
The Negev Loess Deposits – an Archetype of
Desert Loess
14:40 – 15:00
Coffee – break
15:00 – 16:20
Loess (cont.)
Convenor Eric Verrecchia
Presenting Author
Title
15:00 – 15:20
Bronger, A.; Smolikova, L.
Pedostratigraphical Correlation of Brunhes Age
Loess-Paleosol Sequences in East and Central
Asia with Central Europe
15:20 – 15:40
Jahn, R.
Impact of Aeolian Sediments on Pedogenesis –
Examples from the Fringe Area of the Saharan
Desert
15:40 – 16:00
Kabala, C.; Przybyl, A.;
Krupski, M.
Neolithic Chernozems on Loess in SW Poland
Chernozems
16:00 – 16:20
Monger, H.C.
Soil Memory Loss
16:20 – 16:40
Coffee - Break
4
16:40 – 18:00
Poster Session
Convenor Rosa Poch
Presenting Author
Title
Jary, Z.; Krawczyk, M.;
Mroczek, P.; Moska, P.;
Ciszek, D.; Raczyk, J.;
Korabiewski, B.
The Course of Late Pleistocene Environmental
Changes Recorded in Loess-Palaeosols Sequence of Złota (Sandomierz Upland, Poland)
Schweri, L.I.; Schäfer, I.K.;
Tananaev, N.;
Zech, R.
Permafrost Institute a Late Quaternary Leaf
Wax and Hydrogen/Deuterium Record from
Igarka, Siberia
Kadereit, A.; Sauer, D.;
Kühn, P.; Kösel, M.; Miller,
C.E.; Shinonaga, T.; Kreutzer, S.; Fleck, W.; Stahr, K.;
Starkovich, B.
The Late Pleistocene Loess-Paleosol Sequence
Datthausen, SW Germany: Luminescence Dating and Interpretation
Sauer, D.; Kadereit, A.;
Kühn, P.; Kösel, M.; Miller,
C.E.; Shinonaga, T.; Kreutzer, S.; Fleck, W.; Stahr, K.;
Starkovich, B.
The Late Pleistocene Loess-paleosol Sequence
Datthausen, SW Germany: Sedimentological
and Paleopedological Characteristics
Yaron, B.; Dror, I.; Berkowitz, B.
Soil Change Induced by Engineered
Nanomaterials: Metapedogenesis Revisited
5
Poster Session (cont.)
Mroczek, P.
Paleopedological Interpretation of Mosaic Pattern of Soil Cover – Case Study: Kolonia
Zakłodzie (Giełczew Elevation, Lublin Upland)
Krupski, M.; Kabala, C.;
Sady, A.; Wojcieszak, J.
Anthrosol Formation in Medieval Wrocław
(Poland) – Geoarchaeological Research on Past
Agricultural Practices
Bliedtner, M.; Zech, R.; von
Suchodoletz, H.
Holocene Paleovegetation Reconstructed from
a Fluvial Sediment-Paleosol Sequence along
the Upper Alazani River (Caucasus Region)
Using Leaf Wax Biomarkers – Local vs.
Catchment Information
Carmi, G.; Berliner, P.; Abudi, I.
Study of Influence of Two Crust Formation
Mechanisms to Runoff Generation by Means of
a New Type Portable Rainfall Simulator
Waroszewski, J.; Kabala, C.;
Kierczak, J.; Egli, M.
Formation of Soils from Mid-Latitude Slope
Deposits on the Kowarski Grzbiet (Eastern
Karkonosze Mountains, Poland)
Shajari, F.; Aschenbrenner,
J.; Gaar, D.; Preusser, F.;
Zech, R.
Leaf Wax patterns and Compound-Specific
Isotope Analyses in the Loess-Paleosol Sequence Möhlin, Switzerland
6
Friday 10.04.2015
08:00 – 16:00
Registration Office
08:20 – 10:00
Pedogenesis
Convenor H. Curtis Monger
Presenting Author
Title
08:20 – 08:40
Sedov, S.; Rusakov, A.;
Sheinkman, V.
MIS3 Gleysols and Histosols in the CenterNorth of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia:
A Latitudinal Zone of Hydromorphic
Pedogenesis?
08:40 – 09:00
Durn, G.; Wacha, L.; Frechen, M.; Rolf, C.; Sedak, M.
Red Paleosols on Limestone at the Base of the
Loess Sequence on the Susak Island vs. Terra
Rossa Infillings in Limestone Cracks and Cavities: High Resolution Depth and Chronological
Approach
09:00 – 09:20
Poch, R.M.; Balasch, J.C.;
Nogales, I.; Boixadera, J.
Advanced Pedogenesis under a Mediterranean
Climate: the Case of Soils on Areny Sandstone
Formation
09:20 – 09:40
Sauer, D.
Soil Chronosequence Studies – Lessons We
Can Learn from Dan H.Yaalon’s Concepts of
Rapidly Adjusting, Slowly Adjusting and Persistent Soil Properties and Polygenetic Soils
09:40 – 10:00
Yair, A.; Shahar, Y.;
Goldshleger, N.
Validity of the “Classic” Toposequence Approach along a Rainfall Gradient at a Desert
Fringe
10:00 – 10:20
Coffee – break
7
10:20 – 12:00
Carbonates
Convenor Goran Durn
Presenting Author
Title
10:20 – 10:40
Kosir, A.; Wright, V.P.
Is Plant-Induced Carbonate Precipitation in
Mediterranean Soils Effective During Moisture-Excess Periods?
10:20 – 10:40
Stahr, K.
A Petric Calcisol with Memories of its Time
under Rain Forest
10:40 – 11:00
Itkin, D.; Verrecchia, E.
Calcretes: The Lost Meaning of Terrestrial
Carbonate Formations
11:00 – 11:20
Ronen, A.; GoodmanTchernov, B.N.
The Akhziv Calcarenite
11:40 – 12:00
Goldfus, H.; Arubas, B.;
Albag, R.; Avni, Y.
The Last Days of Masada and the Hidden Secrets of its Terrain
12:00 – 13:20
Lunch
13:20 – 15:00
Archaeology / Man and Soil
Convenor Victor Targulian
Presenting Author
Title
13:20 – 13:40
Golan, K.
Apotropaic Stones: Symbols in the Architectural Decorations of the Byzantine Negev, Israel
13:40 – 14:00
Tsatskin, A.
Complex Paths of Pedogeomorphic Evolution
and Variability of Rhodoxeralf (Hamra) Soils
on Israeli Coastal Plain North of Tel-Aviv
14:00 – 14:20
Mendes de Sousa, A.C.;
Menezes de Souza, Z.; Poch,
R.M.; Cooper, M.;
Guimarães Santos, A.P.
Micromorphology and Physical Attributes of a
Typic Quartzipisamment Cultivated with Sugarcane under Control Machine Traffic
14:20 – 14:40
Kabala, C.; Waroszewski, J.;
Musztyfaga, E.
Agricultural Use Prevents the Luvisols into
Alisols Transformation under Temperate Climate
14:40 – 15:00
Zaidenberg, R.
Anthropomorphic Impacts on Soil Distribution
Patterns, Israel
15:00 – 15:20
Coffee – break
8
15:20 – 17:00
Pedogenesis, Pedophysics and Man
Convenor Daniel deB Richter
Presenting Author
Title
15:20 – 15:40
Targulian, V.O.
Soil System Behavior in Time: “Normal” and
Extreme Conditions
15:40 – 16:00
Blum, W.E.H.; James, B.R.
Forms of Energy Determining Soil Entropy
16:00 – 16:20
Itkin, D.; Goldfus, H.; Monger, H.C.
Anthropo-Calcretisation: Nari (Calcrete) Formation Influenced by Human Actions
16:20 – 16:40
Argaman, E.; Stavi, I.
Soil Quality and Geo-Ecosystem Functioning
in Contour Bench Terrace Forestry Systems in
the Semi-Arid Negev, Israel
16:40 – 17:00
Stavi, I.; Argaman, E.;
Zaady, E.
Stubble Grazing Effects on Soil Quality Indices
in Dryland Wheat Agro-Pastoral Systems
17:00 – 17:20
Coffee – break
17:20 – 18:00
Outlook
Convenor Onn Crouvi
“One Physical System”: Earth Science’s Critical Zone as a Dan H. Yaalon-Like Vision
17:20 – 17:40
Richter, D. deB.; Billings,
S.A.
19:00 – 21:00
Symposium Dinner: Fuhrgassl Huber at Neustift am Wald
9
Saturday 11.04.2015
08:30
Departure from BOKU to Stranzendorf
09:00
Stranzendorf Paleosol
Explanation by Franz Ottner
09:40
Departure from Stranzendorf
11:40
Arrival at Uherské Hradiště
12:00 – 13:00
Lunch at Uherské Hradiště
Restaurant Net
13:00 – 14:00
Guided citytour
Visiting Dan Yaalon’s neighbourhood
Short historical walk
14:00 – 14:40
Reception at the town hall by major Stanislav Blaha
14:40 – 15:00
Lecture of Eric Brevik
Brevik, E.C.; Landa, E.R.; Arnold, R.: “Links between the Histories of
Soil Science and Geology, with an Emphasis on the United States”
15:00 – 16:00
Soil profile description by Jiri Kulhavy
16:30
Departure from Uherské Hradiště to Vienna
18:30
Arrival at Vienna
10
Abstracts
English reviewed by Daniel deB Richter and Simon Berkowicz
Edited by Danny Itkin and Tim Fetzer
Wednesday 08.04.2015 – Oral Presentations
Paleopedology
Shorkunov, Ilia; Targulian, Victor
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
([email protected])
Detailed Reconstruction of Pedogenesis for Complexly Organized and Poorly Conserved
Pedolithocomplexes
Keywords: pedolithocomplex, complex pedogenesis, eopleistocene, pedogenetic models,
polypedogenesis
The study was performed on example of a eopleistocene pedolithocomplex in the Temizhbeksky outcrop (North-West Ciscaucasia). Pedolithocomplex has a thickness of about 4m and consists of 8 lithological layers and 6 horizons of paleosols. Paleosoil horizons belong to four individual truncated
paleosoil profiles. The upper profile is situated in four litho-layers and consists of one horizon which
has vertic, stagnic and calcic features. Temporal and spatial relations of these features could be explained by three evolution stage of pedogenesis. The second profile is situated in three litho-layers and
formed by two horizons of stagnic luvisol, which also has vertic and calcic features referred to the
younger upper paleosoil. The third profile transfixes three litho-layers by cambic and calic horizons
with weak vertic and stagnic features. The lower profile is situated in two litho-layers and formed by
the single calcic horizon with gleyic and vertic features. Pedogenesis could be explained by complex
polygenetic model.
11
Dergacheva, Maria Ivanovna (1,2); Bazhina, Natalya (1); Vasilieva, Darya (4); Kallas, Elena (2);
Nekrasova, Olga (3); Ondar, Elena (5); Ochur, Ksenya (1); Uchaev, Anton (3)
1: Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences,
Russian Federation; 2: Biological Institute of Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; 3: Ural
Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Russian Federation; 4: Samara Academy of Public and Municipal Administration, Russian Federation; 5: Tuvan State University, Russian Federation
([email protected])
Holocene Paleosols of Steppe Condition Formation within Russia
Keywords: paleosols, steppe landscape, Russia, Holocene, environment
The structure, composition and properties of Holocene paleosols located in different regions of the
South of Russia were compared with features of soil formation steppe type. Series paleosols of different ages in the territory of Tuva, Khakassia, Southern Urals, Gorny Altai, Western Siberia and the
European part of Russia are considered. Paleosols are tied to certain periods of the Holocene by radiocarbon dates or archaeological markers. Repetition and frequency of steppe landscape return during
the Holocene were found to occur in separate regions. It was found that the temperature change direction during the Holocene had the general character of the investigated regions whereas the tendency of
the humidity change was ambiguous and depended on a combination of local characteristics. Differences of climate moistening are caused by location in the Eurasian continent, orography and the degree of parent material sensitive to changing conditions.
Jary, Zdzislaw (1); Moska, PIotr (2); Raczyk, Jerzy (1); Ciszek, Dariusz (3); Korabiewski, Bartosz (1);
Krawczyk, Marcin (1)
1: University of Wroclaw, Poland; 2: Silesian University of Technology, Poland; 3: Polish Geological
Institute-Research Geological Institute, Lower Silesian Branch, Poland
([email protected])
The Middle Pleniweichselian Pedocomplex (L1S1) within Loess-Soil Sequences of SW Poland
Keywords: loess-soil sequence, Late Pleistocene, L1S1 soil, SW Poland
Several L1S1 soil complexes have been recognized on loess areas of SW Poland. The L1S1 soils are
highly differentiated both in the whole study area and within the particular section. High-resolution
multidisciplinary investigations were carried out within three key loess sections in SW Poland: Biały
Kościół, Henryków (Niemcza-Strzelin Hills) and Zaprężyn (Trzebnica Hills). Grain size (laser diffraction method), low-field magnetic susceptibility (MS) carbonate and humus content analyses were conducted. The concentrations of main elements for bulk loess samples were measured and later converted to oxides. Over a dozen samples taken from the studied sections were dated using the OSL, Post-IR
IRSL and radiocarbon methods. The properties of the substrate of L1S1 soil indicate a considerable
role of transformation by soil processes, while morphological characteristic and presence of periglacial
phenomena suggest tundra-gley type of pedogenesis. The final, long-lasting tundra period has almost
completely erased the traces of earlier warmer stages.
12
Wüthrich, Lorenz (1); Aschenbrenner, Jasmin (2); Gaar, Dorian (3); Preusser, Frank (4); Zech, Roland
(1)
1: Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland; 2: Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Germany; 3: Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate
Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland; 4: Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
University of Freiburg, Germany
([email protected])
Reconstructing Paleoenvironmental Conditions near Möhlin, Switzerland, Using Leaf Wax Biomarkers
Keywords: Switzerland, loess, paleosols, biomarkers, alkanes
Loess sediments are valuable archives for the reconstruction of past changes in climate and vegetation.
For this study, we analyzed leaf wax derived long-chain n-alkanes and fatty acids in 34 samples from a
~7 m drill core near Möhlin, Switzerland, to reconstruct the vegetation and climate history during the
last glacial cycle. The average chain length (ACL) in the Holocene soil indicates n-alkane contribution
from deciduous trees, while higher ACLs in the loess suggest that grasses and herbs were the dominant vegetation during the last glacial. Like the n-alkanes, the long-chain fatty acids indicate similar
patterns as the n-alkanes. The fatty acids might provide information about the presence of coniferous
trees – a hypothesis, which we are currently evaluating by comparison with topsoil samples from various ecosystems. Our next steps are to analyze compound-specific isotopes (delta D and 14C) in order
to investigate past changes in hydrology and accumulation rate.
Solleiro-Rebolledo, Elizabeth (1); Meyer-Heintze, Simon (2); Terhorst, Birgit (2); Díaz-Ortega, J. (1)
1: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; 2: University of Würzburg, Germany
([email protected])
Micromorphological Characteristics of Krems-Wachtberg East Loess-Paleosol Profile as a Record of the Paleoenvironmental Conditions during the MIS3/2 Transition
Keywords: micromorphology, loess-paleosol, Krems-Wachtberg
Loess-paleosol research in Lower Austria has shown its value for paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
This research includes different methods and approaches. In this work we include the results of the
micromorphological analyses in the Krems-Wachtberg East profile, which consists of a set of several
paleosols and pedosediments. Micromorphological properties show cryoturbation, bioturbation,
bleaching, carbonate depletion, and stagnization. Although the properties are similar, they are expressed in different intensities through the sequence. The lower paleosols are better developed and
include archaeological materials. The upper paleosols are weaker developed and are intercalated with
pedosediments. In this part of the sequence, the sedimentation rates are higher. As a consequence, the
quantification of micromorphological features is useful to discriminate paleosol development and relation to the climatic oscillations during the MIS3/2 transition.
13
Zech, Roland (1); Sprafke, Tobias (2); Knoll, Sebastian (3); Haas, Mischa (4); Zech, Michael (5); Salazar, Gary (1); Szidat, Sönke (1)
1: University of Bern, Switzerland; 2: University of Würzburg, Germany; 3: TU München, Germany;
4: ETH Zürich, Switzerland; 5: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
([email protected])
Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Dating of Leaf Waxes in Loess-Paleosols
Keywords: loess, paleosols, quaternary, leaf waxes, radiocarbon
Leaf waxes are deposited and well preserved in various archives, e.g. lake sediments and loesspaleosol sequences. They can thus serve as biomarkers for paleovegetation and –climate reconstruction. Recent technological developments allow not only to determine the exact molecular composition,
but also to perform compound-specific radiocarbon analyses on the leaf waxes. This might offer a new
and promising approach to more robustly date Late Pleistocene loess-paleosol sequences. A first study
corroborated the synsedimentary nature of leaf waxes (Häggi et al., 2014, Biogeosciences 11, 2455).
We now present our recent attempts to optimize the compound-specific radiocarbon analyses at the
University of Bern using a preparative gas chromatograph (modified Prep9000, Brechbühler AG) and
an elemental analyser (EA) coupled to an accelerated mass spectrometer (AMS). First chronological
results for the well-dated 8 m thick loess-paleosol sequence at the Upper Paleolithic site KremsWachtberg (Lower Austria) are presented to assess the reliability of this innovative approach.
Schäfer, Imke Kathrin (1); Suhr, Matthias (2); Wolf, Daniel (2); Zech, Roland (1)
1: University of Bern, Switzerland; 2: Technical University of Dresden, Germany
([email protected])
Leaf Wax Biomarkers in the Late Pleistocene Loess Paleosol Sequence El Paraíso, Central Spain
Keywords: leaf wax biomarkers, loess paleosol sequences, paleoenvironmental reconstruction
Long chain n-alkanes and n-fatty acids are important constituents of the leaf wax layer of higher
plants. The chain length patterns of the leaf waxes depend on the type of vegetation and climate (e.g.
Poynter et al. 1989). Here we present leaf wax analyses from the late Pleistocene loess paleosol sequence in El Paraíso, Central Spain. Alkane concentrations are mostly low, but the chain length patterns indicate an interesting increase in deciduous tree-derived alkanes at ~2 m depth. The fatty acids
corroborate this interpretation. Compound-specific 13C and deuterium analyses are in progress to obtain more information about changes in the paleoenvironmental conditions.
14
Diaz, Nathalie (1); Dietrich, Fabienne (1); Cailleau, Guillaume (1); Decrouy, Laurent (1); Sebag, David (2); Ngounou Ngatcha, Benjamin (3); Verrecchia, Eric (1)
1: University of Lausanne, Switzerland; 2: University of Rouen, France; 3: University of Ngaoundéré,
Cameroon
([email protected])
Are the Mima-like Mounds Observed in Far-North Cameroon Palaeo-Vertisol Features Inherited from Late Pleistocene-Holocene Climatic Variations?
Keywords: Mima-like mound, palaeo-Vertisol, Lake Chad, Far-North Cameroon, Late PleistoceneHolocene
Mima-like mounds are observed in silicate watersheds all along the Sahelo-Sudanian belt. In FarNorth Cameroon, clayey massive metric mounds are completely covered by carbonate and Fe-Mn
nodules. They occur in highly erosive areas and are in disequilibrium with present-day geomorphological and geochemical settings.
Preliminary results emphasize similarities between Vertisols and mima-like mounds: clay content >
30%, presence of smectite, observation of slickensides at the micro-scale, occurrence of carbonate and
Fe-Mn nodules. However, they cannot be classified as Vertisols because of the absence of the usual
horizon sequence. Moreover, radiocarbon dating gives ages for carbonate precipitation between 7000
and 5000 cal BP making them relict systems.
We proposed that mima-like mounds are palaeo-Vertisols, inherited from the Late PleistoceneHolocene period. They might be related to palustrine environments related to Lake Chad water level
variations. At a larger scale, mima-like mound genesis and evolution are an integral part of the Chad
Basin history.
Wright, V. Paul
National Museum of Wales, United Kingdom
([email protected])
Geomorphic Controls on the Preservation of Paleosols on Early Carboniferous Palimpsest
Landscapes, South Wales, UK
Keywords: palaeogeomorphology, paleosols, climate change, calcretes, landscapes
Thin (<8m) terrestrial deposits, including paleosols are used to understand landscape development and
paleosol preservation on earliest Visean (Carboniferous) palimpsest land surfaces in southern Britain
representing an extensive exhumed carbonate strandplain. In the more seaward (distal) settings the
landsurface underwent little physical erosion or karstification with marked lateral variations in the
paleosols, reflecting small scale depositional topography on the strandplain. In contrast outcrops representing more proximal landward settings show evidence of physical erosion from local streams, and
also influxes from externally sourced rivers. In this latter terrain highly laterally variable paleosol
stratigraphies include multiple calcrete-bearing successions developed on strath terraces, whereas recognizable paleosols are absent from close-by floodplains. On other terraces local erosion and small
scale fault activity affected paleosol preservation. Climate changes are revealed in both areas, and in
distal areas dolomitic brackish marsh soils aided the remarkable preservation of earlier calcified mulllike molder humus horizons.
15
Farres, Paul
Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
([email protected])
Palaeosoils: Legacies of Past Landscapes. A Series of Contrasting Examples from Malta
Keywords: Malta, Palaeosoils
Influential models and concepts developed by Butler (1959) and Yaalon (1971, 1997) are used as
frameworks in which to discuss palaeosoils of Malta. Although only a relatively few Quaternary depositional sequences are observable on the islands of Malta almost without exception they all contain
palaeosoil materials. The specific sites discussed reveal how palaeosoils can be used to provide insights into a number of differing aspects of short and long term landscape history of the island. In addition, such buried materials can also provide information about the nature of soil genesis of terra soils
and the role played by windblown materials.
16
Thursday 09.04.2015 – Oral Presentations
History of Soil Science
Mello, Nilvania Aparecida de (1); Muggler, Cristine Carole (2)
1: Federal Technological University of Paraná, Brazil; 2: Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil
([email protected])
Evolution of Soil Science in Brazil by an Epistemological Perspective
Keywords: history of soil science, Brazilian Soil Science Society
Modern science has an ingrained idea that it is possible not only to understand but also to dominate
nature. The way to achieve it is by splitting the study object from its environmental, social and cultural
context. This bias in the perception of nature lies in the basis of the Cartesian paradigm and has dominated science in Brazil, especially in soil science. Soil science in Brazil developed strong links to
Agronomy and soils were considered a productive resource. The complexity of soils was not taken
into account. On the contrary, specific attributes that could be more efficiently related to agricultural
production were privileged. The aim of this paper is to assess epistemologically the evolution of soil
science in Brazil and its contribution to present environmental issues as well as to analyse how this
improved its methods and knowhow to fit into the sustainability paradigm.
Blume, Hans - Peter
University of Kiel, Germany
([email protected])
Meetings with Dan H. Yaalon 1964-2004
Keywords: IUSS, arid ecosystems, history of soil science
I usually met Dan Yaalon during Congresses of the IUSS and their several day excursions. During
these excursions, Dan Yaalon, was always eager to hold discussions with colleagues in the tour. I recall our conversations about different processes of soil formation, especially his research about the
dynamics of cracking and swelling of Vertisols, or the influence of wind-blown sand upon soil formation, as well as my research work about clay migration, mottling through surface water and gleying
through groundwater. Between 1986 and 1999 Dan Yaalon, Aaron Yair and I worked on aspects of
arid dune ecosystems in the Negev Desert as part of the research carried out by the Minerva Arid Ecosystems Research Centre of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Dan Yaalon’s 1997 book (with Simon Berkowicz) about the History of Soil Science led to many fruitful discussions with him and
strongly influenced my own research about the History of Soil Science.
17
Stoops, Georges; Langohr, Roger; Van Ranst, Eric
Ghent University, Belgium
([email protected])
A Review of 50 Years Micromorphological Research of Belgian Soils
Keywords: micromorphology, Luvisols, Podzols, bog ore, palaeosoils
In the sand dunes along the coast, soils form with almost only an A horizons. In the Polders, soils form
in a complex clay and peat cover, overlying a sandy material with Podzol characteristics.
In the sandy area limpid clay coatings are observed in the B and C horizons, covered by coatings of
organic fine material when younger Podzol formation is superposed. In the Campine area mainly
Podzols develop, but agric horizons form when glauconite is present.
In the loess belt, micromorphological characteristics depend upon the landscape position, the presence
or absence of forest and the cultural history.
In southern Belgium loess is mixed with fragments of the underlying Palaeozoic rocks. Limpid clay
coatings occur only below the cambic horizon. Fragments of more reddish coatings in the deepest part
indicate a polygenic origin.
In river valleys in the Campine region, bog ores containing goethite, forms ferrihydrate, vivianite and
siderite.
18
Memorial Ceremony
Stahr, Karl
IUSS, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany
([email protected])
Welcome Address
Haberhauer, Georg
Vice-Rector of the University of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU)
([email protected])
Ongoing soil research at the BOKU
Baumgarten, Andreas
President of the Austrian Soil Science Society, Treasurer of IUSS
[email protected]
Presidential Address
Makeev, Alexander O.; Sycheva, Svetlana A.
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
([email protected])
The History of Paleopedology as a Scientific Discipline
Keywords: paleopedology, paleosol, Dan Yaalon, history
The contours of paleopedology were outlined by Konstantin Glinka in “The Challenges of Historic
Soil Science” published in 1904, while Boris Polynov coined the term paleopedology in 1917. Systematic studies of paleosols started in the 1950s with new methods and applications in biogeosciences. Following a proposal by Dan Yaalon, an International Paleopedology Commission was
established in 1965. A turning point in the Commission’s activity was the first International
Paleopedology Symposium and the proceedings “Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleosols (1971), edited by Dan Yaalon. The scientific and organizational input of Dan Yaalon as a President (1977-1987)
and Vice-president (1987-1995) of the Paleopedology Commission in promoting systematic studies of
paleosols and supporting international cooperation cannot be overestimated. Modern Paleopedology is
quickly emerging science and embracing adjacent disciplines, where paleosols are perceived as a valuable paleo-environmental archive and stratigraphic marker. Paleopedology plays a key role in the new
interdisciplinary challenges, such as climate change, cryobiology, astropedology, etc.
Itkin, Danny
Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
([email protected])
Remembering Dan Yaalon’s life
Yaalon, David; Yaalon, Uri
The Yaalon family
Things worthwhile to remember
19
Loess
Meyer-Heintze, Simon (1); Sprafke, Tobias (1); Terhorst, Birgit (1); Schulte, Philipp (2); Lehmkuhl,
Frank (2); Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine (3); Einwögerer, Thomas (3); Händel, Marc (3); Simon,
Ulrich (3); Lomax, Johanna (4); Fuchs, Markus (4); Solleiro-Rebolledo, Elizabeth (5)
1: Institute for Geography and Geology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Germany; 2:
Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; 3: Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria; 4: Department of Geography, Justus-LiebigUniversity Giessen, Germany; 5: Institute of Geology, UNAM, Mexico
([email protected])
Multidisciplinary Approach to the Loess Profile Krems-Wachtberg East, Lower Austria
(MIS3/2)
Keywords: loess, laser granulometry, pedochemistry, VIS-spectroscopy, Upper Palaeolithic
The Upper Palaeolithic site Krems-Wachtberg, Lower Austria, is well known for its infant burials
(~31 cal ka BP) preserved in an 8 m thick loess-palaeosol sequence (~20-40 ka). A temporarily accessible outcrop nearby revealed a shorter, but more differentiated profile, which provided the opportunity to test a focused multi-methodological approach, including high-resolution colourimetric,
granulometric and pedochemical analyses. The aim of the study is to gain a better understanding of the
alternation of pedogenesis, loess formation, cryogenesis and redeposition. A chronological framework
is developed based on luminescence and radiocarbon ages. In the lower part of this late MIS 3 to early
MIS 2 sequence, cambic horizons are present, whereas in the upper part only incipient pedogenesis
can be traced, probably due to an increase of aeolian dust input. This general trend is overprinted by
colluvial processes and several phases of tundra gley soil formation of varying intensity.
Owczarek, Piotr (1); Jary, Zdzislaw (1); Rahmonov, Oimahmad (2); Korabiewski, Bartosz (1); Opala,
Magdalena (2)
1: University of Wrocław, Poland; 2: University of Silesia, Poland
([email protected])
Aeolian and Fluvioglacial Deposits in the Mountains of Central Asia – Contribution to the Discussion about the Origin of Loess Material
Keywords: Central Asia, mountains, loess, glacial retreat, climate conditions
Rivers transport large amounts of fluvioglacial fine grained material and are necessary for loess deposit formation. Central Asia with high mountain ridges and glaciers could be essential for understanding
the formation and distribution of loess cover across a landscape. Loess material commonly occurs here
along large river valleys in the mountains and their foreland. The research was carried out in two
mountain basins: in the Bukhtarma River valley (the Altai Mountains, Kazakhstan) and in the
Zarafshan River valley (the Pamir and Alay Mountains, Tajikistan). The field work included: geomorphological mapping, pedological observation and collection of soil samples for laboratory analysis.
Climatic conditions (mainly dominant wind directions) and topography were analyzed in detail. The
results show a clear relationship between the large glacier rivers and the distribution of loess cover.
Contemporary loess accumulation was confirmed on the basis of sedimentological analysis of fluvioglacial and aeolian sediments.
20
Varga, György (1); Cserháti, Csaba (2); Kovács, János (3,4)
1: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; 2: Department of Solid State Physics, University of
Debrecen, Hungary; 3: Department of Geology & Meteorology, University of Pécs, Hungary; 4: Environmental Analytical & Geoanalytical Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of
Pécs, Hungary
([email protected])
Multidisciplinary Investigations of Saharan Dust Events in the Mediterranean and in the Carpathian Basin (Central Europe)
Keywords: Saharan dust, aeolian dust deposits, red soils
Several hundred tons of windblown dust material is transported every year from Saharan dust source
areas to Europe, modifying important climatic and other environmental processes of distant areas.
Saharan dust addition have played crucial role in the unique Mediterranean terra rossa formation.
NASA’s daily aerosol indices (from 1979 to 2012) were employed to estimate atmospheric dust
amount in the study areas. Daily geopotential height (at 700 mb), wind vector and meridional flow
data of the distinguished dust events were obtained from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis project to compile mean synoptic composite maps. In order to identify the transportation routes and source areas, the
backward trajectories were plotted on multiple trajectory maps (NOAA HYSPLIT model). Samples
were also taken from red (paleo)soils and recently deposited Saharan dust material; granulometric
properties of these samples were analysed by using an electron microscope (SEM) and a Malvern
Mastersizer 3000 (Hydro LV) laser particle size analyser.
Crouvi, Onn (1); Amit, Rivka (1); Enzel, Yehouda (2)
1: Geological Survey of Israel, Israel; 2: Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
([email protected])
The Negev Loess Deposits – an Archetype of Desert Loess
Keywords: desert loess, dust sources, silt grains, arid lands
Despite intensive research on loess formation the question of silt production in deserts is an ongoing
debate in sedimentology. We analyzed primary hilltop loess sequences in the Negev, Israel, and found
that both content and mode of the quartz-rich coarse silts gradually increased during the late Pleistocene. As the bedrock is carbonate, these trends are explained by the advancement of the quartz-rich
sands into Sinai and the Negev concurrently to the loess accretion. As no silt grains exist in the dunes,
these silts were most likely formed through aeolian abrasion of sand grains, in accordance with experiments. A detailed examination of late Pleistocene loess regions in the Sahara, Arabia and China
demonstrates that all are located downwind of adjacent sand seas, exhibit similar mineralogy and show
contemporaneous activities. Our results stress the primary role of active ergs and aeolian abrasion
associated with frequent strong winds in the formation of desert loess.
21
Bronger, Arnt (1); Smolikova, Libuse (2)
1: CAU - Kiel, Germany; 2: Charles-University Prague, Czech Republic
Pedostratigraphical Correlation of Brunhes Age Loess-Paleosol Sequences in East and Central
Asia with Central Europe
Keywords: loess, paleosol sequence, East Asia, central Asia, central Europe
The loess-paleosol sequence in Karamaydan (Tadjikistan) should be regarded as a key sequence in the
temperate climatic belt of the Northern Hemisphere for reconstructing the climatic history of the
Brunhes epoch. This conclusion is supported by a correlation with the deep-sea oxygen isotope record.
A chronostratigraphical correlation of the loess-paleosol sequences of the Carpathian Basin and the
composite section in Czechia with the key sequences of Karamaydan and of Luochuan (China) is presented.
Jahn, Reinhold
University of Halle, Germany
([email protected])
Impact of Aeolian Sediments on Pedogenesis – Examples from the Fringe Area of the Saharan
Desert
Keywords: dust, pedogenesis, Saharan desert
A series of soils was studied along a moisture gradient from the centre to the outer fringe area of the
Saharan desert. The contribution of added aeolian material to the soils in general decrease along the
moisture gradient but show differences from the trend according to the age of the soils and the underlying rocks. The impact of the pedogenetic processes of soil horizon formation, accumulation of organic matter, carbonatisation, texture development and development of mineral assemblage is discussed. Also, related consequences such as changes in water storage capacity and ped formation are
discussed according to their impact on pedogenesis. In general, the impact on pedogenesis is not only
a function of the amount of added materials; it also differs according to the properties of the specific
soil material from a certain rock and the stage of soil development.
22
Kabala, Cezary (1); Przybyl, Agnieszka (2); Krupski, Mateusz (2)
1: University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; 2: University of Wroclaw, Poland
([email protected])
Neolithic Chernozems on Loess in SW Poland Chernozems
Keywords: kurgans, Neolithic period, deforestation
Chernozem-like soils are widespread on loess in SW Poland. Their origin was initially explained following the concept of the continental chernozem; however, the steppe vegetation ever been confirmed.
Recently, the chernozem-like soils were discovered in the Neolithic kurgans (3600-2800 years BC). At
the margin of the barrow, the chernozemic humus layer gradually turns into Bt horizon. Both the soil
on barrow dome and in the surroundings are Luvisols. It is concluded that the Neolithic settlement led
to a forest decline and the spread of meadow-forest vegetation. This allowed humus accumulation and
high (and deep) activity of burrowing animals. On some lowland areas, occupied by humans continuously from the Neolithic period, the “chernozemic” humus layers were preserved at the land surface
until today. However, in the re-forested areas, the “chernozemic” layers have disappeared completely
due to intensive leaching and organic matter decomposition. The soils evolved (back) to Luvisols.
Chernozem-like soils are widespread on loess in SW Poland. Their origin was initially explained following the concept of the continental chernozem; however, the steppe vegetation ever been
confirmed. Recently, the chernozem-like soils were discovered in the Neolithic kurgans (3600-2800
years BC). At the margin of the barrow, the chernozemic humus layer gradually turns into Bt horizon.
Both the soil on barrow dome and in the surroundings are Luvisols. It is concluded that the Neolithic
settlement led to a forest decline and the spread of meadow-forest vegetation. This allowed humus
accumulation and high (and deep) activity of burrowing animals. On some lowland areas, occupied by
humans continuously from the Neolithic period, the “chernozemic” humus layers were preserved at
the land surface until today. However, in the re-forested areas, the “chernozemic” layers have disappeared completely due to intensive leaching and organic matter decomposition. The soils evolved
(back) to Luvisols.
Monger, H. Curtis,
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, United States of
America
([email protected])
Soil Memory Loss
Keywords: climate change, ecology, geomorphology
Soils, metaphorically speaking, carry a ‘‘memory’’ of past environments as features such as pedogenic
carbonate, carbon isotopes, profile depth, and degree of chemical weathering. Yaalon demonstrated
that certain features, such as soil organic matter, are more rapidly adjusting (i.e., sensitive) to environmental change than are other features, such as mineralogy, which are slowly adjusting (i.e., resistant) to environmental change but have a longer memories. Targulian and Goryachkin discussed
how the triad factors → processes→ features of soils can be used in reverse for making inferences
about paleoenvironments. Similarly, the landscape itself carries a memory of environmental change
through features such as patterned ground, dune fields, and lake shorelines. Like soils, some landscapes are more sensitive to change and have better memories than others. This paper discusses the
loss of soil and landscape memory by focusing on properties that survive for millennia versus properties that survive for only a few years.
23
Thursday 09.04.2015 – Poster Presentation
Jary, Zdzislaw (1); Krawczyk, Marcin (1); Mroczek, Przemysław (2); Moska, Piotr (3); Ciszek,
Dariusz (4); Raczyk, Jerzy (1); Korabiewski, Bartosz (1)
1: University of Wroclaw, Poland; 2: Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Poland; 3: Silesian University of Technology, Poland; 4: Polish Geological Institute-Research Geological Institute,
Lower Silesian Branch, Poland
([email protected])
The Course of Late Pleistocene Environmental Changes Recorded in Loess-Palaeosols Sequence
of Złota (Sandomierz Upland, Poland)
Keywords: loess-soil sequence, Late Pleistocene, environmental changes, Sandomierz Upland
The Złota section is located on the west bank of the Vistula River valley, 7 km south-west of
Sandomierz. The thirteen meters thick loess-palaeosols sequence was sampled at close intervals (5 cm)
and documented with respect to stratigraphy, palaeopedology, sedimentology and geochemistry. Nineteen samples were dated by both OSL and Post-IR IRSL methods. Six samples were dated using AMS
14C methods. High-resolution multidisciplinary investigations confirmed the preliminary observations
that the Złota section consists of five litho-pedostratigraphic units developed during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene: two polygenetic fossil soils/soil sets (S1 and L1S1) and two calcareous loess units
(L1L1, L1L2). In the top loess sequence, recent soil has developed (S0). The research lead to the conclusions that the history of development of S1 and L1S1 soil units was very long and complicated
while the main two phases of loess deposition were relatively short and very dynamic.
Schweri, Lea Ilona (1); Schäfer, Imke Kathrin (1); Tananaev, Nikita (2);
Zech, Roland (1)
1: Universität Bern, Switzerland; 2: Igarka Geocryology Lab, Melnikov, Russian Federation
([email protected])
Permafrost Institute a Late Quaternary Leaf Wax and Hydrogen/Deuterium Record from
Igarka, Siberia
Keywords: biomarkers, leaf waxes, Igarka
Long-chain n-alkanes and fatty acids are essential constituents of leaf waxes. They serve as biomarkers and help reconstructing past environmental and climate conditions (e.g. Zech et al., 2013,
2012). For this study we collected 30 sediments from an outcrop at the left banks of the Yenissey River near Igarka (Northern Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation). The Yenissey there actively erodes
the thawing permafrost and exposes fluvio-glacial sediments and loess-like deposits. Glacial lake sediments in the catchment are dated with OSL to 90-80ka (Mangerud, 2004). So far, fourteen samples
have been extracted and analyzed for their leaf wax composition. More samples shall be analysed and
compound-specific D/H (deuterium/hydrogen) ratios will be determined to investigate changes in
paleo-vegetation, -hydrology and -climate in Siberia.
24
Kadereit, Annette (1); Sauer, Daniela (2); Kühn, Peter (3); Kösel, Michael (4); Miller, Christopher E.
(5); Shinonaga, Taeko (6); Kreutzer, Sebastian (7); Fleck, Wolfgang (4); Stahr, Karl (8); Starkovich,
Britt (9)
1: Heidelberg Luminescence Laboratory, Institute of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Germany;
2: Institute of Geography, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; 3: Institute of Geography,
University of Tübingen, Germany; 4: Soil Survey of Baden-Württemberg, Germany; 5: Institute for
Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; 6: Helmholtz Center Munich, German
Research Center of Health and Environment, Germany; 7: Maison de l’Archéologie, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, France; 8: Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim,
Germany; 9: Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment (HEP), Germany
([email protected])
The Late Pleistocene Loess-Paleosol Sequence Datthausen, SW Germany: Luminescence Dating
and Interpretation
Keywords: loess-paleosol sequence, middle-Pleniglacial to upper-Pleniglacial boundary, luminescence
dating
Field observations and pedosedimentological analyses of the loess-paleosol sequence Datthausen on
the penultimate-glacial terrace of the Danube River in SW Germany suggest that the section includes
the middle-Pleniglacial (MPG) to upper-Pleniglacial (UPG) boundary. This assumption is supported
by numeric dating performed on small aliquots (ca. 200-500 grains/aliquot) of quartz coarse grains
(125-212 µm) extracted from the sandy loess, applying a single-aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocol
(Murray & Wintle 2000, Rad. Meas. 32: 57-73) and a minimum-age model (Galbraith et al. 1999,
Archaeometry 41: 339-364). The dating results suggest that the MPG/UPG-boundary corresponds to
the MIS3/MIS2 boundary. If the results are accepted, the terrestrial MPG/UPG-boundary here would
be slightly younger than at the loess key section Nussloch on the Upper Rhine (Antoine et al. 2009,
QSR 28: 2955-2973) and at Schwalbenberg on the Middle Rhine (Schirmer 2012, E&G 61: 32-47).
Challenges of the dating and interpretation are discussed.
25
Sauer, Daniela (1); Kadereit, Annette (2); Kühn, Peter (3); Kösel, Michael (4); Miller, Christopher E.
(5); Shinonaga, Taeko (6); Kreutzer, Sebastian (7); Fleck, Wolfgang (4); Stahr, Karl (8); Starkovich,
Britt (5,9)
1: Institute of Geography, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; 2: Heidelberg Luminescence
Laboratory, Institute of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Germany; 3: Institute of Geography,
University of Tübingen, Germany; 4: Soil Survey of Baden-Württemberg, Germany; 5: Institute for
Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; 6: Helmholtz Center Munich, German
Research Center of Health and Environment, Germany; 7: IRAMAT-CRP2A, Université Bordeaux
Montaigne, Maison de l’Archéologie, France; 8: Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Germany; 9: Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment
(HEP), Germany
([email protected])
The Late Pleistocene Loess-paleosol Sequence Datthausen, SW Germany: Sedimentological and
Paleopedological Characteristics
Keywords: loess-paleosol sequence, middle Würmian (MIS3) paleosols, Germany
Here we present a new loess-paleosol sequence, exposed in the gravel quarry Datthausen on the penultimate-glacial terrace of the upper Danube River, 40 km SW of Ulm, Germany. It is located in a flat
channel filled by reworked loess. The sequence starts above the Eemian paleosol, which is developed
in penultimate-glacial gravel of the Danube River. No early Würmian soils are preserved. The basal
section of the sequence comprises a succession of several middle Würmian (MIS3) brown soil horizons. Two additional brown horizons follow on top. They both have a slight olive tint, and the upper
one has distinct redoximorphic features and shows reworking. A thin gravel band on top of the olivebrown soil horizons can be traced over ca. 170 m. Above the gravel band, two brown only slightly decarbonated soil horizons and two redoximorphic horizons follow. The top of the profile is made up of
a Luvisol.
Yaron, Bruno; Dror, Ishai; Berkowitz, Brian
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
([email protected])
Soil Change Induced by Engineered Nanomaterials:
Metapedogenesis Revisited
Fifty years ago, Yaalon and Yaron (1966) published in Soil Science (102:272-278) the paper “Framework for Man-made Soil Changes - An Outline of Metapedogenesis”. As one of the metapedogenetic
factors suggested in this paper was the chemical impact resulting from agricultural practices.
The impact of chemical emerging contaminants as a factor of anthropogenic soil formation was noted
by our research group forty years later.. Due to their size and associated chemical properties, the impact of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) on soil changes may be questioned. Data from literature and
from own research results prove however that deposition of ENMs, cause structural changes in the
matrix and properties of soils and soil constituents.
These findings confirm the metapedogenesis hypothesis suggested 50 years ago.
26
Mroczek, Przemysław
Department of Geoecology and Palaeogeography, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Poland
([email protected])
Paleopedological Interpretation of Mosaic Pattern of Soil Cover – Case Study: Kolonia
Zakłodzie (Giełczew Elevation, Lublin Upland)
Keywords: exhumed paleosol, Luvisol, loess, micromorphology, soil mapping
In the vicinity of Zakłodzie, the relief has the features typical of loess areas with very high
denivelations (~ 60 m). Thick loess sediments cover the southern slopes of Giełczew Elevation in the
border zone with the Por River valley (the Zamość Basin). An important feature of the loess relief is
the presence of a dense net of gully systems. In addition, the slopes are cut by a series of cultivation
terraces. Gully systems are rich in the natural and anthropogenic geological pits, which allow the documentation of litho- and pedological diversity of loess cover. On this basis, the presence of two preserved and relatively well-developed interglacial Luvisols (S1 and S2) were documented. The
paleosols are separated by primary loess and form one polygenetic pedocomplex with very well developed Bt soil horizon.
The occurrence of interglacial paleosols within the loess patch was the basis for the searching for exhumed old relict soils on the area of steep slopes. The soil mapping of the area of loess patch showed
the presence of well-developed full profile soils, truncated/denuded and buried soils. Their specific
pattern can be seen in the form of a mosaic of various colors, corresponding to different genetic of
horizons. Without a doubt, this is a record of the mosaic of soil erosion processes, as well as
redeposition and secondary accumulation of soil material.
Soil mapping has documented the presence of outcropping interglacial paleosols, which are currently
exhumed relict soils. Just as modern soils (Holocene, S0) they are a component of the mosaic surface
soils. In most of the analyzed soil profiles, exhumed paleosols are truncated and the Bt horizon is a
topmost layer commonly used by the agriculture. Colors of the topographic surface consisting of outcrop of paleohorizons and Holocene horizons are very similar. The main difference is only morphology of the soil profiles and micromorphological record. Profiles of paleosols (documented in the geological pits and outcrops on the slopes) have a higher micromorphological degree of pedogenic development than Holocene soils. In particular, better developed and more numerous are the microfeatures
formed by illuviation processes. Eroded soil material of older paleosols is also evident in the colluvial
material composed of diverse-age soil material, which in the micromorphological record has the microforms allowing it to unambiguous assignment to specific soil units.
27
Krupski, Mateusz (1); Kabala, Cezary (2); Sady, Agata (3); Wojcieszak, Jacek (4)
1: University of Wrocław, Poland; 2: University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; 3: Silesian Museum, Poland; 4: Sigillum Pracownia Archeologiczna Magdalena i Jacek Wojcieszak, Poland
([email protected])
Anthrosol Formation in Medieval Wrocław (Poland) – Geoarchaeological Research on Past Agricultural Practices
Keywords: Anthrosol, medieval period, double-digging, geoarchaeology
During archaeological rescue excavations conducted on the grounds of the Brothers Hospitallers of St.
John of God convent in Wrocław, Poland, an exceptionally thick humic horizon was identified. The
monastery was built in the 18th century in an area, which according to historical sources, had been
used for gardening and agricultural practices since medieval times. For this reason, one of the vital
research questions concerned the nature of this humic-rich soil horizon. To determine if past human
activity had influenced its formation, geoarchaeological methods were used.
The exposed profiles were sampled for soil micromorphology and a set of complementary analyses
including soil texture, organic carbon, exchangeable cations and extractable phosphorus, as well as
botanical macroremains. The results of these investigations, together with archaeological findings,
suggest that the studied horizon is in fact an Anthrosol created by double-digging, most likely in the
pre–13th century period.
Bliedtner, Marcel (1); Zech, Roland (1); von Suchodoletz, Hans (2)
1: University of Bern, Switzerland; 2: University of Leipzig, Germany
([email protected])
Holocene Paleovegetation Reconstructed from a Fluvial Sediment-Paleosol Sequence along the
Upper Alazani River (Caucasus Region) Using Leaf Wax Biomarkers – Local vs. Catchment
Information
Keywords: Caucasus region, fluvial sediment-paleosol record, leaf wax biomarkers (n-alkanes, ncarboxylic acids, δ13C isotopes), Holocene paleoenvironmental reconstruction
The Caucasus region is of particular interest with regard to Holocene paleoenvironmental changes
because of its different climatic and ecologic regions and human land-use. This study aims at reconstructing Holocene vegetational and paleoenvironmental changes using leaf wax n-alkanes, ncarboxylic acids and compound-specific δ13C isotopes from a fluvial sediment-paleosol sequence
along the upper Alazani River. Phases of sedimentation and pedogenesis between >8 until ca. 1.7 cal.
ka BP reflect alternating periods of geomorphic stability (pedogenesis) and periods of geomorphic
activity (sedimentation). High n-alkane contributions from grass vegetation (C31 and C33) are found
in the paleosols what could document a local dominance of grass vegetation at the sampling site. In
sediment layers, n-alkanes attributed to grasses are more abundant prior to ~5 ka, whereas deciduous
trees (C27 and C29) may have dominated after that period. The n-carboxylic acids generally corroborate and complement the alkane data. Compound-specific isotope analyzes are currently in progress.
28
Carmi, Gennady; Berliner, Pedro; Abudi, Idan
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
([email protected])
Study of Influence of Two Crust Formation Mechanisms to Runoff Generation by Means of a
New Type Portable Rainfall Simulator
Keywords: soil crust, desert soils, rainfall, runoff generation
Two complementary mechanisms are supposed to be responsible for crust formation: (a) physical disintegration of soil aggregates and their compaction caused by the impact action of the raindrops at the
soil surface, (b) chemical dispersion and movement of clay particles beneath soil surface, where they
lodge and clog the conducting pores.
To meet the necessity of studying runoff generation in the field condition the new rainfall simulator
(RS) was developed and used for the examination of the effect of drops impact and of electrolyte concentration. We found no significant effect of the electrolyte concentration of the applied water on runoff generation. Physical crust formation mechanism was predominant in its influence on runoff generation.
Waroszewski, Jaroslaw (1); Kabala, Cezary (1); Kierczak, Jakub (2); Egli, Markus (3)
1: Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; 2: InstitutGeological Sciences,
University of Wroclaw, Poland; 3: Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Switzerland
([email protected])
Formation of Soils from Mid-Latitude Slope Deposits on the Kowarski Grzbiet (Eastern
Karkonosze Mountains, Poland)
Keywords: pedogenesis, clay mineralogy, podzolization, weathering rates, landscape evolution
A sequence of five soil profiles were established in a toposequence on a NE-NW facing slope of the
Skalny Stół (1270 m a.s.l.), in an altitudinal range 1268-1145 m a.s.l. The slope catena starts with
Hyperskeletic Podzols, in the upper slope sections Skeletic Podzols prevails while the middle and foot
slope zone is dominated by Cambisols and Histic Stagnosols. All soils have strong differentiation as
reflected in changes of morphological features, particle size distribution as well as rock fragments type
and abundance in diagnostic horizons. To evaluate soils heterogeneity we applied clay minerals procedures (XRD nad DRIFT). Our results proved that: (i) the soil distribution pattern in this landscape is
strongly affected by the arrangement of the slope deposits, (ii) presented soils are polygenetic in lithological as well as in the pedological way, and (iii) primary and clay minerals can be used as a tracers
of the past slope processes.
29
Shajari, Fatemeh (1); Aschenbrenner, Jasmin (1); Gaar, Dorian (2); Preusser, Frank (3); Zech, Roland
(4)
1: Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Germany; 2: Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland; 3: Department
of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Sweden; 4: Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland
([email protected])
Leaf Wax patterns and Compound-Specific Isotope Analyses in the Loess-Paleosol Sequence
Möhlin, Switzerland
Keywords: Switzerland, loess, paleosols, biomarkers, alkanes
We analyzed long-chain n-alkanes and fatty acids in 34 samples from a ~7 m deep drill core through
the loess-paleosol sequence Möhlin near Basel, Switzerland. n-Alkane concentrations range from 0.2
to 1.2 µg/g sediment in the Holocene soil and from 1.0 to 5.3 µg/g sediment in the underlying last
glacial loess. This indicates good preservation of the glacial leaf waxes, which is corroborated by high
odd over even predominance (>10). Average chain lengths (ACL) of ~30 in the Holocene soil indicate
input from deciduous trees, while ACLs closer to 31 in the loess suggest dominance of grasses and
herbs. Fatty acids are also well preserved in the last glacial loess, and the percentages of C22 and C24
probably reflect highly variable contributions of coniferous trees. Compound-specific deuterium and
radiocarbon analyses are currently in progress and aim at more quantitative reconstructions of
paleohydrology and better age control.
30
Friday 10.04.2015 – Oral Presentations
Pedogenesis
Sedov, Sergey (1,3); Rusakov, Alexey (2); Sheinkman, Vladimir (3,4)
1: Departamento de Edafología, Instituto de Geología, UNAM; Mexico; 2: Institute of Earth Sciences,
Saint-Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; 3: Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, Russian Federation; Earth Cryosphere Institute, RAS, Siberian Branch, Russian Federation; 4: Earth
Cryosphere Institute, RAS, Siberian Branch, Russian Federation
([email protected])
MIS3 Gleysols and Histosols in the Center-North of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia: A
Latitudinal Zone of Hydromorphic Pedogenesis?
Keywords: MIS3 paleosols, gleysols, histosols, center-north of Eastern Europe, Western Siberia
North of the Eurasian Loess Belt, the presence of MIS3 paleosols is hard to find. It is assumed that
geomorphic processes related to the extensive ice cover of the LGM destroyed the earlier soil mantle.
Recently, a much smaller extent of continental ice in the east of Northern Europe and ice-free West
Siberian Plain during MIS2 has been hypothesized, with possible preservation of MIS3 and earlier
paleopedological records. We discovered in the center-north of European Russia (Upper Volga basin)
and Western Siberia (Middle Ob basin) MIS3 paleosols within the Late Pleistocene alluvial and lacustrine sequences. They are represented by hydromorphic profiles with histic horizons and gleyic colour
pattern. The paleosols are developed in the well-drained geomorphic positions, where modern soils are
non-gleyic. We reconstructed a northern zone of MIS3 gleysols and histosols different from synchronous cambisols and chernozems formed within loess sequences to the south.
Durn, Goran (1); Wacha, Lara (2); Frechen, Manfred (3); Rolf, Christian (3); Sedak, Mateja (1)
1: University of Zagreb, Croatia; 2: Croatian Geological Survey, Croatia; 3: Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Germany
([email protected])
Red Paleosols on Limestone at the Base of the Loess Sequence on the Susak Island vs. Terra
Rossa Infillings in Limestone Cracks and Cavities: High Resolution Depth and Chronological
Approach
Keywords: limestone, terra rossa, loess, red paleosols, Susak island
The cracks in Senonian limestones on the island of Susak are filled by red clayey material (terra
rossa), which we consider to be the remains of the oldest paleosol(s) on the island. The same limestone
is covered by loess-paleoosol sequence up to 90 m thick. The lowermost red paleosol in this sequence
covers the carbonate bedrock. From the mineralogical and geochemical view point, two different types
of terra rossas are situated within limestone cracks. The first dating study of the loess – palaeosol sequence on Susak was performed by Wacha et al. (2011a, b) and showed that that most of the exposed
sedimentary record can be correlated with oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 5 to 2. With the means of IRSL
dating methods and high-resolution palaeomagnetic measurements, we will try to provide age(s) of the
lowermost red paleosol that covers the carbonate bedrock and acquire new information about terra
rossa in limestone cracks.
31
Poch, Rosa Maria (1); Balasch, J. Carles (1); Nogales, Irati (1); Boixadera, Jaume (1,2)
1: Universitat de Lleida, Spain; 2: Generalitat de Catalunya
([email protected])
Advanced Pedogenesis under a Mediterranean Climate: the Case of Soils on Areny Sandstone
Formation
Keywords: paleosol, micromorphology, soil genesis, Catalonia
The Areny Formation is an Upper Cretaceous sandstone outcropping in the Pre-Pyrenean area, formed
by a well sorted quartz sand and gravels cemented by calcite. Soils developed on this formation in the
Tremp basin have xeric and mesic soil climate regimes and display several morphologies characteristic
for advanced stages of pedogenesis, as decarbonation, clay formation and illuviation and rubefaction,
that are absent in adjacent soil units developed on other calcareous materials, where the dominant soil
formation process is carbonate translocation. The main soil characteristics are slight acidic reaction
(pH 6-6.5); sandy textures with a clay increase of 10 % in the Bt horizons that appears completely as
illuviated clay in thin section; reddish hues (2,5YR) and high chromas; absence of calcite; and presence of ironpans in some locations. The processes leading to those morphologies have implications in
paleosol formation in the area. The Areny Formation is an Upper Cretaceous sandstone outcropping
in the Pre-Pyrenean area, formed by a well sorted quartz sand and gravels cemented by calcite. Soils
developed on this formation in the Tremp basin have xeric and mesic soil climate regimes and display
several morphologies characteristic for advanced stages of pedogenesis, as decarbonation, clay formation and illuviation and rubefaction, that are absent in adjacent soil units developed on other calcareous materials, where the dominant soil formation process is carbonate translocation. The main soil
characteristics are slight acidic reaction (pH 6-6.5); sandy textures with a clay increase of 10 % in the
Bt horizons that appears completely as illuviated clay in thin section; reddish hues (2,5YR) and high
chromas; absence of calcite; and presence of ironpans in some locations. The processes leading to
those morphologies have implications in paleosol formation in the area.
Sauer, Daniela,
Dresden University of Technology, Germany
([email protected])
Soil Chronosequence Studies – Lessons We Can Learn from Dan H.Yaalon’s Concepts of Rapidly Adjusting, Slowly Adjusting and Persistent Soil Properties and Polygenetic Soils
Keywords: soil chronosequences, soil properties, polygenetic soils
Soil chronosequences are widely used to study changes of soil properties over time. Yaalon (1971)
distinguished (i) rapidly adjusting soil properties (within some hundreds of years); (ii) slowly adjusting soil properties (within some thousands of years); and (iii) persistent soil properties. Later, he
pointed to the polygenetic character of most soils (e.g., Richter and Yaalon, 2012, Soil Sci. Soc. Am.
J. 76: 766–778). In a polygenetic soil, rapidly adjusting soil properties may already be in equilibrium
with the present conditions, whereas slowly adjusting soil properties may still reflect past conditions.
Knowledge on the rates at which soil properties adjust may hence be used to estimate how long ago an
environmental change took place, based on the degree of overprinting of the different kinds of soil
properties adjusting at different rates in a polygenetic soil. The role of these concepts for soil
chronosequence studies will be discussed in this contribution.
32
Yair, Aaron; Shahar, Yossi; Goldshleger, Naftali
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
([email protected])
Validity of the “Classic” Toposequence Approach along a Rainfall Gradient at a Desert Fringe
Keywords: toposequence, desert fringe
According to the classic toposequence approach soil’s properties are closely related to the position of a
soil along a slope. The positional differences in soil properties are usually attributed to spatial differences in runoff; erosion and deposition processes. The study of soil topsequences in humid areas has
revealed that soils at the upper part of a slope are usually well drained and display eluvial conditions.
They undergo a net loss due to erosion processes by overland flow; and transport of clays and dissolved materials by percolation from the higher to the lower part of the slope, which is richer in clay
and better leached. A similar downslope increase in the leaching process and clay content has also
been observed in the Mediterranean area of Israel. Much less is known about soil topsequences in arid
areas. The few studies conducted in the arid part of Israel show an opposite trend.
33
Carbonates
Kosir, Adrijan (1); Wright, V. Paul (2)
1: Institute of Palaeontology ZRC SAZU, Slovenia; 2: Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales,
United Kingdom
([email protected])
Is Plant-Induced Carbonate Precipitation in Mediterranean Soils Effective During MoistureExcess Periods?
Keywords: soil carbonate, calcified roots, Mediterranean, Spain
The xeric moisture regime of Mediterranean region soils is characterised by pronounced summer dryness when secondary carbonate might be expected to form on calcareous parent materials, and winter
rainfall in excess of evapotranspiration, triggering carbonate dissolution and leaching even at relatively
low rainfall intensity. Evidence from the Spanish Mediterranean coastal region however, suggests that
plant growth during the humid, cooler winter months inhibits carbonate leaching through intensive
CaCO3 accumulation in ephemeral portions of root systems and their rhizosphere. This happens during
periods when the soil moisture meets the requirements for both plant nutrient acquisition and favours
high levels of microbial activity. Specific situations include (i) calcareous soils, locally characterised
by significant amounts of secondary carbonate produced through intracellular calcification in fine
roots of xerophyte shrub plants, and (ii) thick calcrete profiles associated with extensive horizontal
root systems of Pinus halepensis, presumably reflecting microbially-induced carbonate precipitation in
the rhizosphere.
Stahr, Karl
IUSS, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany
([email protected])
A Petric Calcisol with Memories of its Time under Rain Forest
Keywords: Calcrete, dune sand, iron oxides, climate memories, Central Australia
In the semidesert of Central Australia we find well developed Petric Calcisols in a landscape dominated by dune sands. The loose topsoil is partially underlain by a calcrete. The contribution will analyse
the phases of development of these calcretes. Besides the dune sand mainly consisting of quartz
grains swimming in a calcitic matrix, we observed fragments of iron oxide concretions which might
trace back to a former Plinthosol. Goethite, hematite and maghemite can also be found. Features of
dissolution of silica as well as clay-skins complete the picture of a soil with paleosolic features inherited a time under far more humid conditions.
34
Itkin, Danny (1); Verrecchia, Eric P. (2)
1: Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,
Israel; 2: Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, Geopolis –
University of Lausanne, Switzerland
([email protected])
Calcretes: The Lost Meaning of Terrestrial Carbonate Formations
Keywords: calcrete, laminar calcrete, micromorphology
Over the last century, the term “calcrete” has been used to describe a diverse variety of terrestrial carbonate formations that accumulate by multi-phased processes in host regoliths and bedrocks. The present study aims to clarify two major points of contention, genetic and descriptive. The first relates to a
group of laminated morphologies known as “laminar calcrete”, while the second refers to the terminology of the well-known “stages I-VI” morphological scale. In-depth comparisons of previous studies, completed by independent field and micromorphological results, show that the morphological
features of calcrete profiles can be fully correlated only if their settings of formation are similar. This
is due to their complex multi-phased and local nature. We suggest that the use of a uniform terminology in describing calcrete morphologies should be revised and systematically accompanied by a detailed description of both field and micromorphological results.
Ronen, Avraham; Goodman-Tchernov, Beverly, N.
University of Haifa, Israel
([email protected])
The Akhziv Calcarenite
Keywords: calcarenite, 8th century BC inhumations, tsunami deposits
The southern cemetery of Phoenician Tel Akhziv is located on the coastal sandstone ridge near the sea
shore at the outlet of Kziv River into the Mediterranean. Above this sandstone, a poorly consolidated
calcarenite layer 0.6 m thick, 3.5- 4.0 m above mean sea level is outstanding among all fossil dunes
along the Israeli coastal plain based on the intrusive objects it contains. There are angular debris of
sandstone and limestone, limestone pebbles and numerous pottery fragments. Both pottery assemblages and radiocarbon dates the deposit to the 8th century BC. Analyses currently in progress will determine whether the deposit is tsunami-derived, as we believe.
35
Archaeology / Man and Soil
Goldfus, Haim (1); Arubas, Benny (2); Albag, Roy (3); Avni, Yoav (4)
1: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; 2: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; 3: Architrave Architects, Israel; 4: Geological Survey of Israel
([email protected])
The Last Days of Masada and the Hidden Secrets of its Terrain
Keywords: Masada, Roman construction, Roman assault ramp, Roman siege
Masada is a well-known archaeological site. It was here, according to the writings of the ancient historian, Flavius Josephus, where a group of Jewish rebels besieged by the Roman army, chose to commit
suicide in order to die as free people rather than go into captivity. The archaeological finds unearthed
at Masada, revealing the daily life of the Jewish rebels and the well-preserved remains of the Roman
siege camps and assault ramp seem, at face value, to complement Flavius’s description of the events
that took place there. However, our meticulous examination of the geology and geomorphology of the
terrain surrounding Masada, enable us to reconstruct a different, perhaps a less dramatic end, but no
less intriguing.
Golan, Karni
Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
([email protected])
Apotropaic Stones: Symbols in the Architectural Decorations of the Byzantine Negev, Israel
Keywords: early Byzantine, architectural decorations, apotropaic symbols, symbolism, Negev
Stone architectural decorations in the Negev provide a window into the spiritual lives of the inhabitants of this region during the early Byzantine period (4th-7th c. CE). Stone structures in the Negev
were ornamented with carved and engraved decorations. The decorations are formed with a limited
number of motifs, used to create a greatly diverse number of compositions. The majority of the motifs
are geometric and floral, and their repetitiveness suggests that they bore a symbolic significance. In
addition, the location of the decorated elements around entrances, and the fact that architectural decorations were just as much a part of the domestic realm as the public one, leads to the suggestion that at
least some of the decorations carried an apotropaic purpose. It seems that besides the aesthetic aspect
of the ornamentation, symbolism was also an important factor in the everyday and spiritual life of the
inhabitants of the Negev.
36
Tsatskin, Alexander
University of Haifa, Israel
([email protected])
Complex Paths of Pedogeomorphic Evolution and Variability of Rhodoxeralf (Hamra) Soils on
Israeli Coastal Plain North of Tel-Aviv
Keywords: coastal soil, dune geomorphology, coevolution, developmental stages
Diversity of East Mediterranean coastal soils was assessed a) north of Haifa bay and b) in quarries
near Hadera. Pedology and soil micromorphology were integrated with archaeology and luminescence
dating. The integrated approach allowed us to date specific stages of soil development and identify
relict soil properties which may influence the present-day processes. Field observations, analytical
results and numerical dates all indicate that surface and near-surface Hamras on coastal dunes likely
developed on chronologically diverse surfaces. In the study area north of the Haifa Bay, surface soils
have developed on surfaces older than 250 ka. In response to Late Pleistocene sea-level and climate
change they may have taken different development paths apparently determined by local biogeomorphic constraints. Our results seem to agree with and contribute to a growing field of modern
evolutionary pedology which brings to light deterministic complexity and soil memory over orbital/suborbital time scales.
Mendes de Sousa, Allan Charlles (1,2); Menezes de Souza, Zigomar (1); Poch, Rosa Maria (2);
Cooper, Miguel (3); Guimarães Santos, Ana Paula (1)
1: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; 2: Universidade de Lleida; 3: Universidade de São
Paulo, Brazil
([email protected])
Micromorphology and Physical Attributes of a Typic Quartzipisamment Cultivated with Sugarcane under Control Machine Traffic
Keywords: soil physics, autopilot, precision agriculture
The effect of control machine traffic on cultivation of sugarcane by autopilot includes problems related to soil compaction in the region near the plant line. This work evaluated the physical and
micromorphological attributes of a Typic Quartzipisamment cultivated with sugarcane in the state of
São Paulo-BR, in areas with and without traffic control, over two consecutive years. The design used
was a random block, with 4 replications and 3 treatments: (i) sugarcane manipulated without autopilot
and planted with simple spacing (1.5 m), (ii) sugarcane manipulated with autopilot and planted with
simple space (1.5 m), and (iii) sugarcane manipulated with autopilot and planted with double space
(1.5 x 0.9 m). Treatments with traffic control had lower values of soil bulk density and higher porosity
in the region near the plant line.
37
Kabala, Cezary; Waroszewski, Jaroslaw; Musztyfaga, Elzbieta
University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
([email protected])
Agricultural Use Prevents the Luvisols into Alisols Transformation under Temperate Climate
Keywords: Luvisols, Alisols, loess, beech, liming
Alisols are defined as acid soils with high Al activity, present mainly in tropics. Luvisols developed of
loess in SW Poland, initially rich in carbonates, are leached of carbonates down to 130-200 cm. It was
found that soils in “marginal” locations on slopes, probably never cropped and continuously covered
by beech forest have an acid reaction and very low base saturation down to 60-110 cm, even if CaCO3
is present in deep subsoil. Similar soils located in a close neighborhood but intensively farmed, have
high base saturation throughout profile. All Luvisols formation on loess in SW Poland started in the
Atlantic period. Soils under permanent forest have been continuously leached that led to acidification
and high Al activity. Intense farming on deforested areas, connected with modern liming and fertilization, has prevented deep soil leaching and natural transformation of Luvisols to Alisols.
Zaidenberg, Rami,
Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Israel
([email protected])
Anthropomorphic Impacts on Soil Distribution Patterns, Israel
Keywords: Anthropomorphic, soil distribution, arable soils
Anthropogenic influence has caused significant changes in the soil distribution patterns of Israel during the last 60 years, having been accelerated by the effects of ever-growing agrotechnical development. These changes were detected while comparing early 1950s soil maps with the present soil status.
Most changes took place as a result of intensive agriculture and are recognised in various forms. Such
is the case with the exposure of unproductive subsoil layers of arable soils that have been mechanically eroded, as well as with marked physical changes in soils that were overly drained and ploughed.
The need to rehabilitate eroded soils and to cultivate marginal soils encouraged engineers and farmers
to implement sufficient soil restoration methods. Two major methods are: increasing the soils' depth
by adding allochthonous material on to the surface, and exposing soft carbonate bedrocks that are naturally covered with Nari (hardpan calcrete).Therefore new approaches of pedological mapping are
required.
38
Pedophysics and Man
Targulian, Viktor Oganesovich
Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
([email protected])
Soil System Behavior in Time: “Normal” and Extreme Conditions
Keywords: specific pedogenic processes, self-development, evolution
The Pedosphere is an in situ formed global bio-abiotic system; it has its own laws of behavior in time
(Yaalon). The most important is long-term functioning of multiphase soil system which produce residual and neoformed solid phase results gradually accumulating within the system and forming the
horizonated soil body. Soil body formation realized as the self-development of soil system in time.
Specific pedogenic processes (SPP) are the main driving forces of self-development. The list of SPP
with their characteristic time is discussed in relation with their duration, renewability and reversibility.
Some SPP in extreme cold conditions are strongly weakening or even absent. Soil evolution is analyzed as soil changes following the changes of environment. Both soil self-development (monogenesis) and soil evolution (polygenesis) are recorded in palimpsest soil memory. The paradox of pedology
is that the majority of world soils are describing in textbooks as monogenetic, as opposed they are
mainly polygenetic.
Blum, Winfried E.H. (1); James, Bruce R. (2)
1: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Austria; 2: University of Maryland,
United States of America
([email protected])
Forms of Energy Determining Soil Entropy
Keywords: soil entropy, gravity, orogenic energy, solar energy, anthropogenic energy
Soil entropy is determined by four main forms of energy: gravity, orogenic energy, solar energy, and
anthropogenic energy. We explain the different forms of energy and their specific influence on the
entropy status of soils, especially the changes of entropy from the early weathering stages of the rock
parent material until the formation of the soil matrix under the influence of the different forms of energy and the involved physico-chemical, and biological processes.
We assume that a better understanding of the roles of these forms of energy in producing entropy and
maintaining the low entropy status of soils may contribute to management decisions related to soil
disturbance, resilience, and recovery for different soil functions and uses.
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Itkin, Danny (1); Goldfus, Haim (1); Monger, H. Curtis (2)
1: Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,
Israel; 2: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, United
States of America
([email protected])
Anthropo-Calcretisation: Nari (Calcrete) Formation Influenced by Human Actions
Keywords: anthropo-calcretisation, calcrete, nari
Human beings affect the chemical and physical properties of soils. When the environmental conditions
favour accumulation of pedogenic calcite, these actions can enrich the soil with calcium carbonate
(CaCO3). This process, which we define as “anthropo-calcretisation”, is discerned by two modes: 1)
the ‘biogeochemical’ pathway which is dominated by pedogenic chemical reactions, resulting from
actions such as soil liming and plant-based agriculture, and 2) the ‘hydropedological’ pathway, which
arises from modified soil-water relations due to man-made reshaping of geomorphological units such
as agricultural terraces. The study of anthropo-calcrete can enable a better quantification of the human
impact on the environment in past times (paleoanthropogenic actions), as well as paleopedogenic and
paleoenvironmental phases. Moreover, it can also be used as a diagnostic tool for evaluating modern
anthropogenic actions that affect the soil by the enrichment of biomass, landscape architecture, and
contamination by wastes of carbonate dust.
Argaman, Eli (1); Stavi, Ilan (2)
1: Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Israel; 2: Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Israel
([email protected])
Soil Quality and Geo-Ecosystem Functioning in Contour Bench Terrace Forestry Systems in the
Semi-Arid Negev, Israel
Keywords: Erosion control, desertification, water conservation
Water availability in arid regions is a major limiting factor. Therefore, knowledge about effectiveness
of water runoff harvesting techniques can improve afforestation management practices. We assessed
the effect of the establishment of contour bench terrace in 2-year-old and 9-year-old afforestation systems, and in natural hillslopes of the Ambassadors Forest. Among measured properties were herbaceous vegetation's coarse root biomass and the topsoil's (0-5 cm depth) aggregate stability index, clay
dispersion index, stable aggregates content, and hydraulic conductivity. Overall, the obtained results
showed the best soil quality and geo-ecosystem functioning in the natural hillslopes, and the worst, in
the 2-year-old afforestation systems. However, the studied factors indicated somewhat better soil quality and geo-ecosystem functioning under the 9-year-old systems than that under the 2-year-old systems. This suggests that the establishment of contour bench terraces adversely affects the geoecosystem, but that long-term pedogenesis and eco-geomorphic processes enable the occurrence of
self-restoration processes over time.
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Stavi, Ilan (1); Argaman, Eli (2); Zaady, Eli (3)
1: Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Israel; 2: Soil Erosion Research Station, Israel; 3: Agricultural
Research Organization, Israel
([email protected])
Stubble Grazing Effects on Soil Quality Indices in Dryland Wheat Agro-Pastoral Systems
Keywords: agro-pastoralism, livestock impact, rain-fed cropping systems, soil conservation, soil physical quality
Stubble grazing by livestock in post-harvest wheat fields is a common practice in drylands. Previous
studies have shown that this practice is a considerable factor that drives land degradation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of stubble grazing by comparing several indicators of soil
quality between continuous wheat croplands of two, long-term, rain-fed farming systems: with moderate stubble grazing vs. entire stubble retention. The selected indicators included the soil's aggregation
characteristics, moisture retention capacity, and related properties. The study was implemented in the
northern Negev of Israel. Sampling of soil at the 0-10 cm depth was conducted in the summer of 2013.
Overall, the examined soil characteristics showed no negative effect of stubble grazing on the soil
quality. Moreover, for some of the soil characteristics, results showed that stubble grazing improved
the soil quality. We propose a conceptual model for explaining these unexpected results.
Outlook
Richter, Daniel deB. (1); Billings, Sharon A. (2)
1: Duke University, United States of America; 2: University of Kansas, United States of America
([email protected])
“One Physical System”: Earth Science’s Critical Zone as a Dan H. Yaalon-Like Vision
Keywords: carbonic acid weathering
Dan Yaalon devoted himself to pedology, Earth science, and the history of scientific ideas. Integrative
concepts of Earth’s systems were particularly of interest to Yaalon, including the recently conceived
Earth’s critical zone that embraces disciplines that link matter, energy, and organisms in an understanding of terrestrial structure and processes. Here we assert that the belowground critical zone is
congruent with soil as a pedogenetic system across spatial-temporal scales from vegetation-clad
weathering profiles and hillslopes to the terrestrial Earth itself. What may be less obvious is the congruence in vertical dimensions. We use soil respiration to argue that a full accounting of
photosynthetically-fixed carbon must include respiratory CO2 that propagates to the base of the critical zone itself. Though a small fraction of total soil respiration, downward diffusion of CO2 helps
determine rates of soil formation. Opportunities abound to explore connections between upper and
lower components of soils and critical-zone ecosystems.
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Saturday 10.04.2015 – Excursion to Uherské Hradiště
Brevik, Eric C. (1); Landa, Edward R. (2); Arnold, Richard (3)
1: Department of Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, United States of America; 2: Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, United States of America;
3: USDA-NRCS, Retired
([email protected])
Links between the Histories of Soil Science and Geology, with an Emphasis on the United States
Keywords: soil science, geology, history
There are many historical ties between geology and soil science, fields to which Dan Yaalon contributed. The earliest soil maps in the USA were created by state geological surveys, and an 1860 report
by Mississippi state geologist Eugene W. Hilgard became one of the landmark works of soil science.
In 1882 noted glacial geologist Thomas Chamberlin created a soil map for Wisconsin that was probably the first in the USA based on soil properties. When the USDA Soil Survey was created in 1899
geologists were often hired to do the field mapping, and Russian soil science ideas were introduced to
the USA by two geologists who moved to soils – George Coffey and then Curtis Marbut. The development of soil geomorphology from the 1930s to the 1970s included contributions by Dan Yaalon.
Soil science and geology have joint interests including environmental issues, biogeochemistry, human
health, paleosols, and geoarchaeology that represent future opportunities for collaboration.
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Dan Yaalon – Personal Record
Dan (Hardy) Yaalon, 1924-2014
Dan Yaalon showing a picture of his youth (photo by Rachael Cerrotti)
Dan H. Yaalon, passed away on 29 January, 2014, leaving behind him a fascinating lifetime of devotion, fulfilment, and achievement. His self-survival during world war II, his struggle to be a diligent
student despite conditions of great uncertainty, and the pathway of his ‘Aliyah’ (the immigration of
Jews to Israel), have highly influenced the course of his life. A professor of soil science at the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Dan had 57 years of an exceptional research career in which he contributed to
some of the most fundamental issues of pedology and soil science. His high interest regarding arid and
Mediterranean soils and landscapes have produced some of the most significant works of pedology
and paleopedology. Particularly, the effect of dust on the formation of soils, anthropo-pedology, and
environmental reconstruction, were the highlights of his career. Yet Dan was also an intellectual who
contributed greatly to the history of soil science, its philosophy and sociology. Archaeology had also
preoccupied his mind as he attributed much importance to interface which human-beings had with
their natural environment. His unequalled contribution to the disciplines of basic soil research and the
history of soil science have gained him the honour of being the only scientist who was recognised both
by the Dokuchaev Medal from the IUSS (2010), and the Sarton Medal from the University of Ghent
(2000). Dan was a modest and open-minded person, straightforward and full of creative ideas. His
inspiring personality and works have influenced many and will surely continue doing so for generations to come.
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First publication of Dan Yaalon
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Dan Yaalon – Scientific Publications (1952 – 2014)
Yaalon, D. and Rigby, M. (eds.). 1952. Laboratory exercises in soil science and fertilisers. Jerusalem:
Department of Geology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (in Hebrew).
Yaalon, D. H. 1954. An investigation of the effects of saline irrigation water on sodium adsorption and
permeability characteristics of calcareous soils. PhD dissertation, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Yaalon, D. H. 1954. Calcareous soils of Israel. The amount and particle size distribution of the calcareous material. Israel Exploration Journal 4:278–285 (in Hebrew).
Yaalon D. H. 1954. Physico-chemical relationships of CaCO3, pH, and CO2 in calcareous soils.
Transactions of the 5th International Congress of Soil Science, 2:356–363. Léopoldville: International
Society of Soil Science.
Yaalon, D. H. 1955. Studies on the effects of saline irrigation water on calcareous soils; I. Permeability characteristics and adsorption of sodium. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 5B:83–97.
Yaalon, D. H. 1955. Clays and some non-carbonate minerals in limestones and associated soils of
Israel. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 5B:161–167.
Yaalon, D. H. 1955. Notes on the clay mineralogy of the major soil types of Israel. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 5B:168–173.
Yaalon, D. 1956. An investigation of the effect of saline irrigation water on sodium adsorption and
permeability characteristics of calcareous soils. The Jordan Valley Committee for Agricultural Experiments (in Hebrew).
Yaalon, D. H. 1957. Problems of soil testing on calcareous soils. Plant and Soil 8:275–288.
Yaalon, D. H. 1958. Studies of the effect of saline irrigation water on calcareous soils; II. The behaviour of calcium carbonate. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 7G:115–122.
Yaalon, D. H. 1958. Tables of detrital mineral properties and characteristics. Jerusalem: Department
of Geology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem.
Yaalon, D. H. 1959. Weathering reactions. Journal of Chemical Education 36:73–76.
Yaalon, D. H. 1959. Classification and nomenclature of soils in Israel. Taxonomic comparison and
genetic relationship with soils from other countries. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 8G:91–
118.
Yaalon, D. H. 1959. Dynamics of limestone solution and its application in the interpretation of geological processes. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 8G:217–218.
Avery, B. W., Stephen, I., Brown, G. and Yaalon, D. H. 1959. The origin and development of Brown
earths on Clay-with-Flints and Coombe deposits. Journal of Soil Science 10:177–195.
Yaalon, D. H. 1960. Some implications of fundamental concepts of pedology in soil classification.
Transactions of 7th International Congress of Soil Science (Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A), 4:119–123.
The Netherlands: International Society of Soil Science.
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Bentor, Y. K., Grader, P., Parnes, A., Reiss, Z., Shiftan, Z., Vroman, A., BrauN.F.eld, A., Issar, A.,
Itzhaki, Y., Rabinovitz, D., Shalem, N., Yaalon, D. H. (eds.). 1960. Lexique Stratigraphique International, Vol. 3, Asie, Fascicule 10, C2 - Israel. Paris: Congres Geologique International - Commission
de Stratigraphie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
Yaalon, D. H. 1961. On the origin and accumulation of salts in groundwater and in soils of Irael. Publication 255, Department of Geology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Yaalon, D. H. 1961. Soils of Israel and their classification. Review and comments. Bulletin of the
Research Council of Israel 10G:339–342.
Ginzbourg, D. and Yaalon, D. 1961. Petrography of loess in the Beersheba Basin with interpretation of
provenance and sedimentary history. In: Proceedings Symposium on the Pleistocene in Israel pp. 6–9.
Association for the Advancement of Science in Israel, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
Dan, J., Koyumdjisky, H. and Yaalon, D. H. 1962. Principles of a proposed classification for the soils
of Israel. In: Transactions, International Soil Conference, New Zealand, Joint Meeting of Commissions IV & V, International Society of Soil Science, 410–421. Washington: International Society of
Soil Science.
Dan, J., Yaalon, D. H., Koyumdjisky, H. and Raz, Z. 1962. The soils and soil associations map of
Israel. Jerusalem: Minestry of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Yaalon, D. H. 1962. Mineral composition of the average shale. Clay Minerals Bulletin 5:31–36.
Yaalon, D. H. 1962. Weathering and soil development through geologic time. Bulletin of the Research
Council of Israel 11G:149–150.
Yaalon, D. H. 1962. Effect of irrigation on the salt balance of groundwaters in the Coastal Plain of
Israel. In: Tashkent Symposium on the IN.F.uence of Irrigation on Secondary Salinization; Chemical
Composition and Groundwtaer Reigime, 36–37. Tashkent: Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering
Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek USSR.
Yaalon, D. H. and Katz, A. 1962. The chemical composition of precipitation in Israel. Bulletin of the
Research Council of Israel 11G:189–190.
Yaalon, D. H., Van Schuylenborgh J. and Slager S. 1962. The determination of cation exchange characteristics of saline and calcareous soils. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 10:217–222.
Ginzbourg, D. and Yaalon, D. H. 1963. Petrography and origin of the loess in the Be’er Sheva basin.
Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 12:68–70.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1964. The application of the Catena concept in studies of pedogenesis in
Mediterranean and desert fringe regions. Transactions 8th International Congress of Soil Science,
5:751–758. Bucharest: Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania.
Yaalon, D. H. 1964. Chemical changes in rain-fed marsh waters during the dry season. Limnology and
Oceanography 9:218–223.
Yaalon, D. H. 1964. The concentration of ammonia and nitrate in rainwater over Israel in relation to
environmental factors. Tellus 16:200–204.
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Yaalon, D. H. 1964. Has soil research national characteristics? Soils and Fertilizers 27:89–93.
Yaalon, D. H. 1964. Airborne salts as an active agent in pedogenic processes. Transactions 8th International Congress of Soil Science, 5:99–1000. Bucharest: Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania.
Yaalon, D. H. 1965. Downward movement and distribution of anions in soil profiles with limited wetting. In: Experimental Pedology, Proceedings of the 11th Easter School in Agricultural Science, edited
by E. G. Hallsworth and D. V. Crawford, 157–164. London: Butterworths.
Yaalon, D. H. 1965. Factors controlling soil formation and distribution in the Mediterranean coastal
plain of Israel during the Quaternary. In: Abstracts, International Association for Quaternary Research, 7th International Congress, General Sessions, 513. Boulder and Denver, Colorado, U.S.A:
INQUA
Yaalon, D. H. 1965. Source and sedimentary history of the loess in the Beer Sheva Basin, Israel. In:
Abstracts, International Association for Quaternary Research, 7th International Congress, General
Sessions, pp. 514. Boulder and Denver, Colorado, U.S.A: INQUA
Yaalon, D. H. 1965. Microminerals and micromineralogy. Clay Minerals 6:71.
Avinur, P., Yaalon, D. H. and Barzily, I. 1966. Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron in the
HCl Soluble Fraction of Carbonate Rocks. Israel Journal of Chemistry 4:129–134.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1966. Trends of soil development with time in the Mediterranean environments of Israel. In: Transactions, Conference on Mediterranean Soils, Madrid 139–145.
Koyumdjisky, H., Yaalon, D. H. and Dan, J. 1966. Red and reddish brown terra rossa in Israel. In:
Transactions, Conference on Mediterranean Soils, Madrid 195–201.
Orni, E. and Yaalon, D. H. 1966. Reclamation and conservation of the soil. Israel Today 26, 2nd (revised) edition. Jerusalem: “Israel Digest”.
Yaalon, D. H. 1966. Note: Chart for the quantative estimation of mottling and of nodules in soil profiles. Soil Science 102:212–213.
Yaalon D. H. 1966. Publications as a measure of a nation’s research effort. Geotimes 11:20–21.
Yaalon, D. H. 1966. Morphology and development of soils. In: The Agricultural Encyclopedia, edited
by Haim Halperin, 1:131–141. Tel Aviv: The Agricultural Encyclopedia (in Hebrew).
Yaalon, D. H. 1966. Clay minerals. In: The Agricultural Encyclopedia, edited by Haim Halperin,
1:150–157. Tel Aviv: The Agricultural Encyclopedia (in Hebrew).
Yaalon, D. H. 1966. Factors and processes governing soil development in Israel. In: The Agricultural
Encyclopedia, edited by Haim Halperin, 1:178–186. Tel Aviv: The Agricultural Encyclopedia (in Hebrew).
Yaalon, D. H. 1966. The USSR and Australia lead in number of papers on the application of chemistry
to geology and mineralogy in proportion to population. Geotimes 11:20–22.
Yaalon, D. H., Avinur, P., Lipetz-Herman, V. and Barzily, I. 1966. The direct determination of Cu and
Pb in the HCl soluble fraction of carbonate rocks. Israel Journal of Chemistry 4:135–143.
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Yaalon, D. H. and Ganor, E. 1966. The climatic factor of wind erodibility and dust blowing in Israel.
Israel Journal of Earth Science 15:27–32.
Yaalon, D. H. and Ginzbourg, D. 1966. Sedimentary characteristics and climate analysis of easterly
dust storms in the Negev (Israel). Sedimentology 6:315–332.
Yaalon, D. H., Nathan, Y., Koyumdjisky, H. and Dan, J. 1966. Weathering and Catenary differentiation of clay minerals in soils on various parent materials in Israel. In: Transactions, International Clay
Conference, Israel, edited by T. Rosenquist and P. Graff-Petterson, 1:187–198 and 2:139–144. Jerusalem: Israel University Press.
Yaalon, D. H. and Yaron, B. 1966. Framework for man-made soil changes – an outline of
metapedogenesis. Soil Science 102:272–277.
Barzily, I., Yaalon, D. H. and Avinur, P. 1967. The Determination of Titanium by Tiron in the Presence of Large Amounts of Calcium and Iron. II. Israel Journal of Chemistry, 5:299–308.
Yaalon, D. H. 1967. Factors affecting the lithification of eolianite and interpretation of its environmental significance in the coastal plain of Israel. Journal of Sedimentary Research 37:1189–1199.
Yaalon, D. H. 1967. Salinization and salinity. Journal of Chemical Education 44: 591–593.
Yaalon, D. H. and Dan, J. 1967. Factors controlling soil formation and distribution in the Mediterranean coastal plain of Israel during the Quaternary. In: Quaternary Soils, Proceedings, 7th Congress,
INQUA, edited by Roger B. Morrison and Herbert E. Wright, 9:321–338. Reno, Nevada: Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1968. Pedomorphic forms and pedomorphic surfaces. In: Transactions, 9th
International Congress of Soil Science (Adelaide), 4:577–584. Sydney, London, Melbourne: The ISSS
and Angus & Robertson Ltd.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1968. The formation of the soils and landscape in the Sharon. Ktavim
18:69–94 (in Hebrew).
Karmeli, D., Yaalon, D. H. and Ravina, I. 1968. Dune sand and soil strata in Quaternary sedimentary
cycles of the Sharon coastal plain. Israel Journal of Earth Science 17:45–53.
Yaalon, D. H. and Ganor, E. 1968. Chemical Composition of Dew and Dry Fallout in Jerusalem, Israel. Nature 217:1139–1140.
Yaalon, D. H. and Koyumdjisky, H. 1968. A comparison of ammonium and sodium acetate extraction
for displacing exchangeable potassium in soils. Soil Science 105:403–408.
Yaalon, D. H. and Koyumdjisky, H. 1968. Displacing exchangeable potassium in cation exchange
determinations. Israel Journal of Chemistry 6:189–194.
Dan, J., Yaalon, D. H. and Koyumdjisky, H. 1969. Catenary soil relationships in Israel, 1. the netanya
cate na on coastal dunes of the sharon. Geoderma, 2:95–120.
Yaalon, D. H. 1969. Origin of desert loess. Etudes sur le Quaternaire dans le Monde, 8th Congrès INQUA (Paris). In: Bulletin de l’Association Francaise pour l’Etude du Quaternaire, 2:755. Paris: Association Francaise pour l’Etude du Quaternaire (AFEQ).
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Eckstein, Y., Yaalon, D. H. and Yariv, S. 1970. The effect of lithium on the cation exchange behaviour of crystalline and amorphous clays. Israel Journal of Chemistry 8:335–342.
Yaalon, D. H. 1970. Parallel stone cracking, a weathering process on desert surfaces. Studii Tehnice si
Economice – Institutul Geologic, Pedologie 18C:107−111. Bucharest, Romania.
Yaalon, D. H. 1970. Note: On high-iron montmorillonites: discussion of the ‘significance of magnesium and iron in montmorillonite formation from basic igneous rocks’. Soil Science 110:74–76.
Yaalon, D. H. and Feigin, A. 1970. Non‐Exchangeable Ammonium Ions in Some Clays and Shales of
Israel. Israel Journal of Chemistry 8:425–433.
Yaalon, D. H. and Lomas, J. 1970. Factors controlling the supply and the chemical composition of
aerosols in a near-shore and coastal environment. Agricultural Meteorology 7:443–454.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1971. On the origin and nature of the paleopedological formations in the
coastal desert fringe areas of Israel. In: Paleopedology: Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleosols, edited
by Dan H. Yaalon, 245–260. Jerusalem: International Society of Soil Science and Israel Universities
Press.
Yaalon, Dan, H. (ed.). 1971. Paleopedology: Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleosols. Jerusalem: International Society of Soil Science and Israel Universities Press.
Yaalon, D. H. 1971. Soil-forming processes in time and space. In: Paleopedology: Origin, Nature and
Dating of Paleosols, edited by Dan H. Yaalon 29–39. Jerusalem: International Society of Soil Science
and Israel Universities Press.
Yaalon, D. H. 1971. Criteria for the recognition and classification of Paleosols. In: Paleopedology:
Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleosols, edited by Dan H. Yaalon, 153–158. Jerusalem: International
Society of Soil Science and Israel Universities Press.
Yaalon, D. H. and Laronne, J. 1971. Internal structures in eolianites and paleowinds, Mediterranean
coast, Israel. Journal of Sedimentary Research 41:1059–1064.
Dan, J., Yaalon, D. H. and H. Koyumdjisky. 1972. Catenary soil relationships in Israel: 2. The Bet
Guvrin Catena on chalk and nari limestone crust in the Shefela. Israel Journal of Earth-Science 21:
99-118.
Dan, J., Yaalon, D. H., Koyumdjisky, H. and Raz, Z. 1972. The soil association map of Israel,
1:1,000,000. Israel Journal of Earth Science 21:29–49.
Yaalon, D. H., Jungreis, C. and Koyumdjisky, H. 1972. Distribution and reorganization of manganese
in three Catenas of Mediterranean soils. Geoderma 7:71–78.
Yaalon, D. H. and Kalmar, D. 1972. Vertical movement in an undisturbed soil: Continuous measurement of swelling and shrinkage with a sensitive apparatus. Geoderma 8:231–240.
Yaalon, D. H. and Ganor, E. 1973. The influence of dust on soils during the Quaternary. Soil Science
116:146–155.
Evenari, M., Yaalon, D. H. and Gutterman, Y. 1974. Note on soils with vesicular structure in deserts.
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N.F. 18:162–172.
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Feigin, A. and Yaalon, D. H. 1974. Non-exchangeable ammonium in soils of Israel and its relation to
clay and parent materials. Journal of Soil Science 25:384–397.
Schick, A. P., Yaalon, D. H, Yair, A. and Kaiser, K. 1974. Geomorphic processes in arid environments
– Geomorphologische Prozesse arider Gebiete. Proceedings of the Jerusalem-Elat Symposium. Volume I: Sections 1 and 2. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementbände 20.
Wieder, M. and Yaalon, D. H. 1974. Effect of matrix composition on carbonate nodule crystallization.
Geoderma 11:95–121.
Yaalon, D. H., Brenner, I. and Koyumdjisky, H. 1974. Weathering and mobility sequence of minor
elements on a basaltic pedomorphic surface, Galilee, Israel. Geoderma 12:233–244.
Yaalon, D. H. 1974. Note on some geomorphic effects of temperature changes on desert surfaces.
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband N.F. 21:29–34.
Yaalon, D. H. and Dan, J. 1974. Accumulation and distribution of loess-derived deposits in the semidesert and desert fringe of Israel. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband N.F. 20:91–105.
Yaalon, D. H. and Singer, S. 1974. Vertical variation in strength and porosity of calcrete (nari) on
chalk, Shefela, Israel and interpretation of its origin. Journal of Sedimentary Research 44:1016–1023.
Dan, J., Yaalon, D. H., Koyumdjisky, H. and Raz, Z. 1975. The soil association map of Israel
(1:500,000). The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research 147. Bet Dagan: The Volcani Institute of
Agricultural Research.
Yaalon, D. H. 1975. Conceptual models in pedogenesis: can soil-forming functions be solved?
Geoderma 14:189–205.
Yaalon, D. H. 1975. Internal geometry and origin of vegetated coastal sand dunes. Journal of Sedimentary Research 45:359.
Yaalon, D. H. 1975. Congresses, communication, citations. In: HORIZON: a Volume of Tribute to
Prof. F. A. van Baren, edited by J. H. V. van Baren and L. Bal, pp. 72–79. Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Yaalon, D. H. 1975. New data on the nature and origin of Nari (calcrete) on chalk in Israel. In: Abstracts of Submitted Papers, Israel Geological Society, Annual Meeting, The Judean Desert and the
Dead Sea, pp. 11–15. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Yaalon, D. H. and Ganor, E. 1975. Rates of aeolian dust accretion in the Mediterranean and desert
fringe environments of Israel. In: Proceedings, 9th International Congress of Sedimentology, Nice
(IXme Congres International de Sedimentologie), 2:169–174.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1976. Origin and distribution of soils and landscapes in the Pleshet Plain.
In: Studies in the Geography of Israel, 9:36–74. Israel Exploration Society Jerusalem (in Hebrew).
Fridland, V. M., Kaner, N., Yaalon, D. H. 1976. and Pochvenny Institut Imeni V.V. Dokuchaeva.
Pattern of the Soil Cover (Struktura Pochvennogo Pokrova). Jerusalem – Springfield, Virginia: Israel
Program for Scientific Translations; Available from the U. S. Department of Commerce, National
Technical Information Service.
Yaalon, D. H. 1976. Congresses, communication, citations: Excerpts from “HORIZON” 1975. A volume of tribute to Prof. H. A. van Baren, edited by J. H. V. van Baren and L. Bal. Utrecht, pp. 72–79.
The Netherlands. Bulletin of the International Society of Soil Science 50:20–21.
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Yaalon, D. H. 1976. “Calgon” No Longer Suitable. Soil Science Society of America Journal 40:333.
Yaalon, D. H. 1976. Conceptual models in pedogenesis – A reply. Geoderma 16:263–264.
Yaalon, D. H. and Wieder, M. 1976. Note: Pedogenic palygorskite in some arid brown (calciorthid)
soils of Israel. Clay Minerals 11:73–80.
Wieder, M. and Yaalon, D. H. 1977. Grain cutans from clay illuviation in calcareous soil material. In:
Proceedings of the 5th International Working-Meeting on Soil Micromorphology, Granada, Spain,
edited by M. Delgado, pp. 1133–1135. Granada, Spain: Departamento de Edafología, Universidad de
Granada.
Williams, C. and Yaalon, D. H. 1977. An experimental investigation of reddening in dune sand.
Geoderma 17:181–191.
Bruins, H. J., Tarling, D. H. and Yaalon, D. H. 1978. Some pedologically distorted directions of remanent magnetisation in aeolian loessial deposits, NW Negev (Israel). 10th International Congress on
Sedimentology, IAS, Jerusalem, pp. 97–98.
Wieder, M. and Yaalon, D. H. 1978. Grain cutans resulting from clay illuviation in calcareous soil
material. In: Micromorphology of Soils: Proceedings of the 5th International Working Meeting on Soil
Micromorphology, edited by M. Delgado, 1133–1158. Granada, Spain: Departamento de Edafología,
Universidad de Granada.
Yaalon, D. H. 1978. Soil science in Israel: past and present. Soil Science 125:193–195.
Yaalon, D. H. 1978. “Geoderma” – continental sedimentation calcrete, desert loess and paleosols, sand
dunes and eolianites. In: Transactions, 10th International Congress on Sedimentology, Jerusalem,
Sedimentology in Israel, Part II: Postcongress, Israel, Guidbook, Post-Congress Excursion Y5, 195–
238. Jerusalem: International Association of Sedimentologists.
Yaalon, D. H. 1978. Nodules in sediments. In: The Encyclopedia of Sedimentology, edited by Rhodes
W. Fairbridge and Joanne Bourgeois, pp. 503–504. Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania: Dowden, Hutchinson
& Ross, Inc.
Yaalon, D. H., Bruins, H. J. 1978. Sediments and paleosols as indicators of climatic fluctuations in the
loessial desert fringe of the Negev, Israel. In: Proceedings, 10th INQUA Congress, Birmingham, edited by E. M. van Zinderen Bakker, 507. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.
Yaalon, D. H. and Kalmar, D. 1978. Dynamics of cracking and swelling clay soils: Displacement of
skeletal grains, optimum depth of slickensides, and rate of intra-pedonic turbation. Earth Surface Processes 3:31–42.
Yair, A. Yaalon, D. H. and Singer, S. 1978. Thickness of calcrete (nari) on chalk in relation to relief
factors, Shefala, Israel. In: 10th International Congress on Sedimentology, IAS, Jerusalem, pp. 754–
755.
Bruins, H. J., Yaalon, D. H. 1979. Stratigraphy of the Netivot section in the desert loess of the Negev
(Israel). Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22:161–169.
Yaalon, D.H., Ganor, E. 1979. East Mediterranean trajectories of dust-carrying storms from the Sahara
and Sinai. In: Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition. edited by C. Morales, pp. 187–193.
New York: John Wiley & Sons.
58
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1980. Origin and distribution of soils and landscapes in the Northern Negev.
In: Studies in the Geography of Israel, 11:31–56. Israel Exploration Society Jerusalem (in Hebrew).
Danin, A. and Yaalon, D. H. 1980. Trapping of silt and clay by lichens and bryophytes in the desert
environment of the Dead Sea region. In: Bat Sheva Seminar on Approaches and Methods in
Paleoclimatic Research with Emphasis on Aridic Areas. Jerusalem, Israel.
Dan, J., Gerson, R., Koyumdjisky, H. and Yaalon, D. H. 1981. Aridic soils of Israel: properties, genesis and management. In: Special Publication 190, pp. 239–254. Bet Dagan: Agricultural Research
Organization, Institute of Soils and Water.
Dan, J., Gerson, R., Koyumdjisky, H. and Yaalon, Dan H. (eds.). 1981. Aridic Soils of Israel: Properties, Genesis and Managment (with preface by Dan H. Yaalon). Bet Dagan, Israel: Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Soils and Water.
Magaritz, M., Kaufman, A. and Yaalon, D. H. 1981. Calcium carbonate nodules in soils: 18O/16O and
13 12
C/ C ratios and 14C contents. Geoderma 25:157–172.
Yaalon, D. H. 1981. Environmental setting. In: Aridic Soils of Israel: Properties, Genesis and
Managment, edited by J. Dan, R. Gerson, H. Koyumdjisky, and D. H. Yaalon, pp. 3–16. Bet Dagan,
Israel: Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Soils and Water.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1982. Automorphic saline soils in Israel. In: Aridic Soils and Geomorphic
Processes: Proceedings of the International Conference of the International Society of Soil Science,
Catena Supplement 1, edited by Dan H. Yaalon, pp. 103–115. Braunschweig: Catena Verlag.
Dan, J., Yaalon, D. H., Moshe, R. and Nissim, S. 1982. Evolution of Reg soils in southern Israel and
Sinai. Geoderma 28:173–202.
Danin, A. and Yaalon, D. H. 1982. Silt plus clay sedimentation and decalcification during plant succession in sands of the Mediterranean coastal area of Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 31:101–
109.
Wieder, M. and Yaalon, D. H. 1982. Micromorphological fabrics and developmental stages of carbonate nodular forms related to soil characteristics. Geoderma 28:203–220.
Yaalon, Dan, H. (ed.). 1982. Aridic Soils and Geomorphic Processes: Proceedings of the International
Conference of the International Society of Soil Science, Catena Supplement 1. Braunschweig: Catena
Verlag.
Yaalon, D. H. 1982. Pedogenic carbonate in aridic soils – depth and mechanism of carbonate precipitation. In: Transactions, 12th International Congress of Soil Science, New Delhi, 6:138.
Yaalon, D. H. and Ward, J. D. 1982. Observations on calcrete and recent calcic horizons in relation to
landforms in the Central Namib Desert. In: Proceedings of the 6th SASQUA Conference. Palaeoecology of Africa 15:183–186.
Tsoar, H. and Yaalon, D. H. 1983. Deflection of sand movement on a sinuous longitudinal (seif) dune:
use of fluorescent dye as tracer. Sedimentary Geology 36:25–39.
Wieder, M. and Yaalon, D. H. 1983. Micromorphology of Hamra soils. In: Between Yarkon and
Ayalon, Studies on the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area and The Lod Vally, edited by D. Grossman, pp. 27–
34. Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University (in Hebrew).
59
Yaalon, D. H. 1983. Climate, time and soil development. In: Developments in Soil Science 11A,
Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy, 1. Concepts and Interactions, edited by L. P. Wilding, N. E. Smeck
and G. F. Hall, 233–251. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Yaalon, D. H. and Kalmar, D. 1984. Extent and dynamics of cracking in a heavy clay soil with xeric
moisture regime. In: proceedings of the International Soil Science Society Symposium on water and
solute movement in heavy clay soils, 37:45–48. The Netherlands: ILRI publication.
Fernandez Caldas E. and Yaalon, D., H. (eds.). 1985. Volcanic Soils: weathering and landscape relationships of soils on tephra and basalt. Catena Supplement 7, Congreso Internacional de Suelos
Volcanicos (1984 : Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, 1984). Cremlingen: Catena Verlag.
Olson, J. S., Garrels, R. M., Berner, R. A., Armentano, T. V., Dyer, M. I. and Yaalon, D. H. 1985. The
natural carbon cycle. In: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Cycle, edited by John
R. Trabalka, pp. 175–213. Oak Ridge National Labratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee: United States.
Wieder, M. and Yaalon, D. H. 1985. Catenary soil differentiation on opposite-facing slopes related to
erosion-deposition and restricted leaching processes, northern Negev, Israel. Journal of Arid Environments 9:119–136.
Yaalon, D. H. 1985. Book Review: Lithology and Stratigraphy of Loess and Paleosols (edited by M.
Pécsi, 1984). Loess Letter 13:15–17.
Yaalon, D. H. 1986. Book review essay: Palaeosols in the mainstream pedological literature: a review
of some recent texts. Progress in Physical Geography 10:587–593.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1987. Soils of the Sinai peninsula. In: Sinai, edited by G. Gvirtzman, A.
Shmueli, Y. Gradus, I. Beit-Arieh and M. Har-El, pp. 213–229. Tel Aviv: Eretz Geographic Research
& Publications, Tel Aviv University (in Hebrew).
Yaalon, D. H. 1987. Saharan dust and desert loess: effect on surrounding soils. Journal of African
Earth Sciences 6: 569–571.
Yaalon, D. H. 1987. Is gullying associated with highly sodic colluvium? Further comment to the environmental interpretation of Southern African dongas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 58:121–123.
Yaalon, D. H. 1988. Calcic Horizons and calcrete in aridic soils and paleosols: Progress in the last
twenty two years. In: Soil Science Society of America, Agronomy Abstracts, Proceedings of the 80th
Annual ASA-CSSA-SSSA Meeting. Anaheim, CA, USA.
Yaalon, D. H. 1989. Book Review: Who is publishing and where on soil science of the tropics?
Scientometrics 15:313–314.
Yaalon, D. H. 1989. Comments on “A Unifying Quantitative Analysis of Soil Texture”. Soil Science
Society of America Journal 53:595.
Yaalon, D. H. 1989. Forerunners and founders of pedology as a science. Soil Science 147:225–226.
Yaalon, D. H. 1989. The Earliest Soil Maps and Their Logic. Bulletin of the International Society of
Soil Science 76:24.
60
Valentine, K.W.G. and Yaalon, D.H. (eds.). 1989. Climatic and Lithostratigraphic Significance of
Paleosols. Papers from the symposium on the significance of Paleosols held in Ottawa in August 1987.
Geoderma 45:2.
Dan, J. and Yaalon, D.H. 1990. The formation of soils in the Sharon in relation to landscape characteristics. In: The Sharon between the Yarqon and Karmel, etited by A. Degani., D. Grossman and A.
Shmueli, pp. 83–97. Tel Aviv: Eretz Geographic Research & Publications, Tel Aviv University (in
Hebrew).
Rutter, N., Ammann, B., Faure, H., Huntley, B., Kelts, K., Peltier, W. R., Pirazzoli, P. A., Schlüchter,
C., Schnack, E., Starkel, L., Teller, J. and D. H. Yaalon. 1990. Proposed projects – Working group 2,
interlaken workshop for past global changes. Global and Planetary Change 2:39–45 (also avialable:
Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology 82:87–95).
Yaalon, D. H. 1990. In Memoriam: Ran Gerson (1939–1989). Geomorphology 3(3-4):iv.
Yaalon, D. H. 1990. The relevance of soils and paleosols in interpreting past and ongoing climatic
changes. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology (Global and Planetary Change Section)
82:63–64.
Yaalon, D. H. 1990. Paleosols in the context of environmental changes. In: Global Soil Change, edited
by R. W. Arnold, I. Szabolcs, and V. O. Targulian, pp. 63–68. Report of an International Institute for
Applied System Analysis, International Society of Soil Science, United Nations Environmental Programme Task Force on the Role of Soil in Global Change. Laxenburg: International Institute for Applied System Analysis.
Yaalon, D. H. 1990. Soils on a warmer earth: Projecting the effect of increased CO2 and gaseous emissions on soil in Mediterranean and subtropical regions. In: Developments in Soil Science 20, Soils on a
Warmer Earth, edited by H. W. Scharpenseel, M. Schomaker and A. Ayoub, pp. 175–176. The Netherlands & New York: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Yaalon, D. H. 1990. Note: Soil pedon is not a suitable term. Soil Science 150:561.
Yaalon, D. H. 1991. Mountain loess is not a suitable term. Area 23:255–256.
Yaalon, D. H. 1991. The earliest geological map of the Near East – 1751. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 40:251–254.
Berkowicz, S. M., Lawford, R. G. and Yaalon, D. H. 1992. Aspects of aridity in Canada and Israel
with reference to climatic change. In: Environmental Management in Canada, edited by K. Atkinson
and A. McDonald, pp. 27–68. University of Leeds, England: Regional Canadian Studies Center.
Bruins, H. J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1992. Parallel advance of slopes in aeolian loess deposits of the northern Negev, Israel. Israel Journal of Earth-Sciences 41:189–199.
Harrison, J. B. J. and Yaalon, D. H. 1992. Functions are not always what they appear to be: A comment on “Soils developed in Late Pleistocene till, Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming”. Soil Science
154:250-252.
Yaalon, D. H. 1992. On fortuitous results and compensating errors. Soil Science 154:431–434.
Amit, R., Gerson, R. and Yaalon, D. H. 1993. Stages and rate of the gravel shattering process by salts
in desert Reg soils. Geoderma 57:295–324.
61
Sharoni, S. and Yaalon, D. H. 1993. Approaches to soil survey in semiarid regions. In: Programme,
Short Papers and Abstracts, 2nd International Meeting on “Red Mediterranean Soils”, Adana–
Türkiye, pp. 35–37. Adana: Soil Science Society of Türkiye, University of Çukurova, ISSS-FAOTÜBİAK.
Yaalon, D. H. 1993. Soil science in the eyes of the beholder: better understanding of soil processes
and pedology urged. Bulletin of the International Society of Soil Science 84:13–14.
Yaalon, D. H. 1993. Soil processes and global change. In: Regional Implications of Future Climate
Change: Soil Processes and Global Change, edited by Michael Graber, Ariel Cohen and Mordechai
Magaritz, pp. 196–199. Proceedings of an International Workshop. Rehovot: Weizmann Institute of
Science.
Webster, R. and Yaalon, D. H. 1994. The research paper. An informal guide for authors. Catena 21:3–
11.
Yaalon, D. H. 1994. Shifting sands. Nature 368:10.
Yaalon, D. H. 1994. On models, modeling, and process understanding. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58:1276.
Amundson, R. and Yaalon, D. H. 1995. E. W. Hilgard and John Wesley Powell: efforts for a joint
agricultural and geological survey. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59:4–13.
Blume, H-P., Yair, A. and Yaalon, D. H. 1995. An initial study of pedogenic features along a transect
across longitudinal dunes and interdune areas. Nizzana Region, Negev, Israel. In: Advances in
GeoEcology 28, Arid Ecosystems, edited by H.-P. Blume and M. Berkowicz, pp. 51–64. Cremlingen:
Catena Verlag.
Yaalon, D. H. 1995. The soils we classify. Essay review of recent publications on soil taxonomy. Catena 24:233–241.
Yaalon, D. H. 1995. Book review: R. G. Amundson’s book “Factors of Soil Formation: a Fifth Anniversary Retrospective”. Catena 24:89–90.
Yaalon, D. H. 1995. More on citation analysis. Nature 378:760.
Yaalon, D. H. and Govaert, E. 1995. (no title; reviewing G. L. Retallak’s book “Miocene Paleosols
and Ape Habitats of Pakistan and Kenya”). In: Book Reviews, Geoderma 65:340–341.
Amit, R. and Yaalon, D. H. 1996. The micromorphology of gypsum and halite in reg soils – the Negev
Desert, Israel. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 21:1127–1143.
Yaalon, D.H. 1996. Soil classification. Nature 380:31–32.
Yaalon, D. H. 1996. Soil science in transition: soil awareness and soil care research strategies. Soil
science 161:3-8.
Yaalon, D. H. 1996. “Laterite is not a soil but maybe a paleosol”. Catena 26: 263–265.
Yaalon, D. H. 1996. Sandstone weathering thresholds at Petra, Jordan: comments on Paradise, 1995.
Physical Geography 17:180 – 183.
62
Mermut, A., R., Yaalon, D.H. and Kapur, S.(eds.). 1997. Red Mediterranean Soils. Catena, special
publication 28:155–330.
Yaalon, D. H. 1997. History of soil science in context: International perspective. In: History of Soil
Science: International Perspectives, Advances in GeoEcology 29, edited by D. H. Yaalon and Dan and
S. Berkowicz, S., pp. 1–13. Reiskirchen: Catena Verlag GMBH.
Yaalon, D. H. 1997. Soils in the Mediterranean region: what makes them different? In: Red Mediterranean Soils, edited by Ahmet R. Mermut, Dan H. Yaalon, and Selim Kapur, 157–169. Catena 28
(special publication).
Yaalon, D. H. 1997. Comments on the source, transport and deposition scenario of Saharan dust to
southern Europe. Journal of arid environments 36:193–196.
Yaalon, D. H. 1997. La science du sol en transition: Stratégies de recherche pour la prise en compte et
la préservation du sol. CoN.F.érence donnée à la réunion du Comité Exécutif de l’AISS, Moscou
(1996). Étude et Gestion des Sols 4:299–306.
Yaalon, D. H. 1997. On Mediterranean soil conferences: A brief history. Bulletin of the International
Society of Soil Sciences 91:86–87.
Yaalon, D. H. and Berkowicz, S. (eds.). 1997. History of Soil Science: International Perspectives,
Advances in GeoEcology 29. Reiskirchen: Catena Verlag GMBH.
Yaalon, D. H. 1998. Discussion of the paper by J.J. Ibáñez et al. Geoderma 83:193–214.
Yaalon D. H. 1998. Soil care attitudes and strategies: yesterday and today. 16th World Congress of
Soil Science, Montpellier, France, Abstracts (Résumés Summaries), Volume II, Symposium 45, Le
Corum Palais des Congres, pp. 819. Montpellier: International Society of Soil Sience AISS-IBG-SICS
and Association Française pour l’Étude du Sol.
Yaalon, D. H. 1998. Study of mountain soils promoted by the Georgian Society of Soil Science. Bulletin of the International Society of Soil Science 93:71–72.
Yaalon, D. H. 1998. Soil care and sustainable soil use convention promoted. Bulletin of the International Society of Soil Science 93:86.
Yaalon D. H. and Poupet P. 1998. Attitudes to soil care and land use through human history. 16th
World Congress of Soil Science, Montpellier, France, Abstracts (Résumés Summaries), Volume II,
Symposium 45, Le Corum Palais des Congres, pp. 809 (in French), pp. 810 (in English). Montpellier:
International Society of Soil Sience AISS-IBG-SICS and Association Française pour l’Étude du Sol.
Kidron, G., Yaalon, D. H. and Vonshak, A. 1999. Two causes for runoff initiation on microbiotic
crusts: hydrophobicity and pore clogging. Soil Science 164:18–27.
Yaalon, D. H. 1999. On the importance of International Communication in soil science. Eurasian Soil
Science 32:22–24.
Yaalon D. H. 1999. On Mediterranean soils Conferences: A brief history. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 5:7–8.
Yaalon, D.H. 1999. Causes of pedogenic diversity in the Mediterranean hill regions of Israel. In: Extended Abstracts, 6th International Meeting on Soils with Mediterranean Type of Climate, Barcelona,
edited by Bech, J., pp. 514. Barcelona, Spain: Universitat de Barcelona.
63
Yaalon, D. H. 2000. Soil care attitudes and strategies of land use through human history. In:
SARTONIANA, George Sarton Chair of the History of Sciences 1999-2000, 13:147–159. Ghent: University of Ghent.
Yaalon, D. H. 2000. Africa needs locally trained soil specialists to improve land use. Nature 405:993.
Yaalon, D. H. 2000. Down to earth. Nature 407:301.
Yaalon, D. H. and Arnold, R. W. 2000. Attitudes toward soils and their societal relevance: then and
now. Soil Science 165:5–12.
Yaalon, D. H. 2001. An integrated and expanded theory of soil evolution. International Symposium on
Functions of Soils in the Geosphere-Biosphere Systems (presumably pp. 35–37). Moscow: Dokuchaev
Soil Science Society, Moscow State University Faculty of Soil Science and the International Union of
Soil Science.
Becker-Heidmann, P., Andresen, O., Kalmar, D., Scharpenseel, H-W. and Yaalon, D. H. 2002. Carbon
dynamics in vertisols as revealed by high-resolution sampling. Radiocarbon 44:63–73.
Yaalon, D. H. 2002. Understanding soil change: Soil sustainability over millennia, centuries, and decades. Soil Science, Book Reviews 167:701–702.
Yaalon, D. H. 2002. On the Dukochaev Legacy. Newsletter of the Commission on the History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Soil Science of the IUSS 10:10–12.
Yaalon, D. H. 2002. The history of pedology in Russia in the XX century (unknown and forgotten
pages). Bulletin of the International Union of Soil Sciences 98:124.
Yaalon, D. H. 2003. Are soils spatially a continuum? Pedometron 14:3–4.
Yaalon, D. H. 2003. Textbook Review: Soil classification a global desk reference (Eswaran, H. et al.
2002). Pedometron 15:13–14.
Mermut, A. R. and Yaalon, D. H. 2004. Interrelationship of Pedologic and Geological Mapping. In:
32nd International Geological Congress, Florence, Italy, Session G03.01–Function of soils for human
societies and the environment. Florence: International Geological Congress INFORMS.
Yaalon, D. H. 2004. V.A. Kovda – Meetings with a Great and Unique Man. HPSSS Newsletter, International Union of Soil Sciences, and Council on the History, Philosophy and Sociology, Soil Science
Society of America 11:4–9.
Johnson, D. L. and Yaalon, D. H. 2005. Darwin – The Pedological Innovator. HPSSS Newsletter, International Union of Soil Sciences, and Council on the History, Philosophy and Sociology, Soil Science Society of America 12:7.
Yaalon, D. H. 2005. Letter to the editor: Comment on “mode and timing of kurkar and hamra formation, central coastal plain, Israel”, by N. Porat, A. G. Wintle, M. Ritte. Israel Journal of Earth Science 54:59–60.
Yaalon,
D.
H.
2005.
Soils
and
Archaeology
are
Getting
Closer
Together. HPSSS Newsletter, International Union of Soil Sciences, and Council on the History, Philosophy and Sociology, Soil Science Society of America 12:24.
64
Yaalon, D. H. 2005. Is water science or agriculture the basis of civilization? HPSSS Newsletter, International Union of Soil Sciences, and Council on the History, Philosophy and Sociology, Soil Science
Society of America 12:26.
Yaalon, D. H. 2005. Land use is always accompanied by soil change. E-Letter responses to: Global
consequences
of
land
use
(Foley,
J.
A.,
et
al.
2005).
Science
https://www.sciencemag.org/content/309/5734/570/reply (Published 16 November 2005).
Feller, C., Blanchart, E. and Yaalon, D. H. 2006. Some major scientists (Palissy, Buffon, Thaer, Darwin and Muller) have described soil profiles and developed soil survey techniques before 1883. In:
Footprints in the Soil: People and Ideas in Soil History, edited by Benno P. Warkentin, pp. 85–105.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V.
Fey, M. V., Mills, A. J. and Yaalon, D. H. 2006. The alternative meaning of pedoderm and its use for
soil surface characterization. Geoderma 133:474–477.
Yaalon, D. H. 2007. Human-induced ecosystem and landscape processes always involve soil change.
BioScience 57:918–919.
Yaalon, D. H. 2008. Classification: Historical Developments. Encyclopedia of Soil Science 1:1–3
Yaalon, D. H. 2008. Book review: DIRT – The erosion of civilization. Geoderma 146:401–402.
Yaalon, D. H. 2009. Brief comments on red Mediterranean soils. Catena, 76:224.
Yaalon, D. H. 2010. Comments on soil memory and paleo-environmental reconstruction for soil evolution. IUSS Bulletin 116:19–20.
Richter, D. deB., Bacon, A. R., Megan, L. M., Richardson, C. J., Andrews, S. S., West, L., Wills, S.,
Billings, S., Cambardella, C. A., Cavallaro, N., DeMeester, J. E., Franzluebbers, A. J., Grandy, A. S.,
Grunwald, S., Gruver, J., Hartshorn, A. S., Janzen, H., Kramer, M. G., Ladha, J. K., Lajtha, K., Liles,
G. C., Markewitz, D., Megonigal, P. J., Mermut, A. R., Rasmussen, C., Robinson, D. A., Smith, P.,
Stiles, C. A., Tate, R. L., Thompson, A., Tugel, A. J., van Es, H., Yaalon D. H. and Zobeck, T. M.
2011. Human–Soil Relations are Changing Rapidly: Proposals from SSSA’s Cross-Divisional Soil
Change Working Group. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:2079–2084.
Richter, D. deB. and Yaalon, D. H. 2011. “The changing model of soil” revisited. Soil Science Society
of America Journal 76: 766–778.
Yaalon, D. H. 2011. Comments on soil memory and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of soil evolution. Eurasian Soil Science 44:462–463.
Itkin, D., Geva-Kleinberger, A., Yaalon, D. H., Shaanan, U. and Goldfus, H. 2012. Nar in the Levant:
historical and etymological aspects of a specific calcrete formation. Journal of Earth Sciences History
31: 210–238.
Yaalon, D., H. 2012. A Passion for Science and Zion: The Yaalon Story. Jerusalem: Dan H. Yaalon.
Kidron, G. J., Starinsky, A. and Yaalon, D. H. 2014. Cyanobacteria are confined to dewless habitats
within a dew desert: Implications for past and future climate change for lithic microorganisms.
Yaalon, Dan and Rigby, Meir. (eds.).
65
Dan Yaalon – In Memoriam Letters
DAN (HARDY) YAALON, PEDOLOGIST AND SOIL SCIENTIST, 1924–2014
DANNY ITKIN
Archaeological Division
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
[email protected]
Dan H. Yaalon, one of the world’s most outstanding pedologists and soil scientists, died in
his home at Mevasseret Zion (Israel) on 29 January, 2014, aged eighty nine. A professor of soil
science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Dan belonged to a passing generation that shaped
and defined soil science as we know it today.
Born as Hardy Berger to Hugo J. Berger and Elsa
Jellinek on May 11, 1924, Dan spent a worryfree
childhood in his birth town, Uherske Hradiste
(Czechoslovakia). Two turning points dramatically changed his childhood: the untimely death
of his beloved father (when Dan was ten), and
the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939
(when Dan was fifteen). Fleeing from the occupation, Dan arrived in Denmark, where he applied to study at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in Copenhagen.
Dan H. Yaalon (1924–2014). Photograph courtesy of
Uri Yaalon
In October 1943, when Denmark too became occupied, Dan was smuggled into Sweden; there he applied to the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences at Uppsala, and received a warm welcome
from Professor Sante Emil Mattson (1886–1980), a notable Swedish soil chemist who made Dan his
assistant. After the end of World War II, Dan discovered that his beloved mother had been murdered
in the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp (Poland). Despite his deep sorrow, Dan returned to
Denmark to finish his B.Sc. in Agricultural Sciences (Soil Chemistry), which was approved in 1947.
In July 1948, Dan found his life-long home by moving to the recently established state of Israel. Joining the army for one year, Dan participated in the first field surveys of the Negev desert, which became an area of key interest in his subsequent works (Yaalon and Ginzbourg 1966; Yaalon and Ganor
1973). In 1950, Dan was accepted as a doctoral student by Professor Avraham Adolf Reifenberg
(1899–1953), who established the Soil Science Department of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
and invited Dan to investigate the accumulation of salts in the soils of the Jordan Valley. Motivated by
questions of “why?” and “how?” with respect to soil formation, Dan gathered irrefutable evidence that
the red colour of the terra rossa soil originated from the presence of iron oxides in airborne dust–
66
boldly contradicting Reifenberg, who attributed this colour to carbon oxides from the underlying parent rock. For the rest of his life, Dan remained a sharp and uncompromising critic of his own and other
people’s works and ideas. In 1952, Dan married his dear wife, Rita Singer, and together they raised a
warm and loving family of two sons and seven grandchildren. In 1954 Dan defended his Ph.D., and
moved to a post-doctoral position at the Rothamsted Experimental Station (England). On his return to
Israel, in 1955, Dan wrote the first-of-its-kind treatise on the clay mineralogy of the major soil types of
Israel. From then onwards, dust had become the central topic of Dan’s life and career, as he further
developed a unique view on the formation of Mediterranean Soils (Yaalon and Ganor 1973; Fedoroff
and Courty 2013, p. 359–360). To quote Dan directly:
to my mind, in all I have ever done, my greatest achievement has been the knowledge I have
contributed regarding the importance of dust in soil formation and the creation of the landscape of Israel, which represents the outcome of the connection between chemical knowledge
I had acquired and the geo-biological issues I chose to address (Yaalon 2012, p. 121).
In 1957, Dan was appointed lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he stayed for the
rest of his academic career. However, the impact of Dan’s work was much more farreaching. In 1965,
Dan promoted the adoption of the term ‘paleopedology’ (ancient pedology) by the International Union
for Quaternary Research (INQUA), in recognition of the fact that past soils are key indicators of
paleoclimate and landscape evolution in the Quaternary. Later, in 1971, Dan edited the landmark book
Paleopedology: Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleosols (Yaalon 1971). In 1966, Dan presented his
then revolutionary and pioneering concept of ‘metapedogenesis’, recognising humans as a major influencing factor of soil formation (Yaalon and Bruno 1966), which is currently considered a ‘hot topic’ in the field of earth sciences.
Dan retired from the academy in 1994, but maintained an extremely active research life of writing,
editing and reviewing, surrounded by thousands of books in his modest home study. During his career
he edited numerous books and special publications on pedology and soil science, was an honorary
editor of the journal CATENA, and an editorial board member of the journals CATENA, Geoderma,
and Soil Science. Dan was special in that he paid attention not only to advances in soil research, but
also to the history of soil science. In 1997, Dan edited the book History of Soil Science – International
Perspectives (Yaalon and Berkowicz 1997), in which he demonstrated that historical developments, in
the context of their period, relate to human beings understanding and attitude to soil. Dan’s approach
to the history of soil sciences emphasized the recognition of soil differences and the emergence of subdisciplines as described by early agriculturists (Yaalon 1997). In 2012, he co-authored “The changing
model of soil” revisited – a work of which he was very proud, and which modified traditional 20th
century models of soils in response to the needs and challenges of humanity in the 21st century (Richter and Yaalon 2012). The same year, after prolonged research into his own history, Dan published his
autobiography in which he concluded:
man is an infinite network of connections to the world and to human beings. Events that occur
at any particular age – whether by accident or not – represent a step in the direction of a future
which cannot be foretold (Yaalon 2012, p. 190).
The very last publication that Dan co-authored was concerned with historical and etymological aspects
of nari (calcrete) that span from the second half of the 19th century to present times (Itkin et al. 2012).
His broad interdisciplinary knowledge profoundly contributed to this work. Dan’s wish to be memorialized in the journal Earth Sciences History reflects the importance which he gave to history in general, and to the history of soil sciences in particular.
Continuing the heritage and spirit of Vasily Vasilievich Dokuchaev (1846–1903) (“the father of
pedology”), Dan was one of the few scholars in the West who considered soils as holistic natural bodies. He was an outspoken advocate of the notion that the understanding of soils extends beyond its
immediate agronomical use, but is rather a cornerstone of both earth sciences and humanities –�a
major undercurrent that runs through Dan’s numerous publications (over 160 in total). As a tribute to
Dan’s achievements, he was appointed an honorary fellow in many soil science and geological socie67
ties worldwide. His unrivalled input to the history of soil science was recognised in 2000 by the Sarton
Medal from the University of Ghent (Belgium), and his outstanding lifetime contribution and continuing influence on modern research was acknowledged in 2010 by the Dokuchaev Medal (the “Nobel
Prize” of soil sciences) from the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS). His students and colleagues will remember Dan as a modest and open-minded person, critical and demanding, full of creative ideas, who enjoyed sharing his experiences with anyone who sought his advice. All of us shall
hold dear his memory and his charismatic personality, which will surely inspire many generations of
soil scientists to come.
Yehi Zichro Baruch (may his memory be blessed)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to deeply thank my colleagues who cordially contributed to this eloge: Selim Kapur, Alexander
Tsatskin, Rivka Amit, Margot Rohdenburg, and Hanna Koyumdjisky. My special thanks to the family
of Dan H. Yaalon for kindly sharing historical details. I would also like to emphasize my appreciation
to Ivri Tasker for his proof-reading. On behalf of Dan, his family, and myself, I wish to express our
gratefulness to Sandra Herbert, President of the History of Earth Sciences Society, John Diemer and
David Oldroyd, editor and former-editor of the journal Earth Sciences History, for approving the special request of Dan to be memorialized in this journal.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Itkin, D., Geva-Kleinberger, A., Yaalon, D. H., Shaanan, U. and Goldfus, H. 2012. Nari in the Levant:
historical and etymological aspects of a specific calcrete formation. Journal of Earth Sciences History
31: 210–238.
Fedoroff, N. and Courty, M-A. 2013. Revisiting the genesis of red Mediterranean soils. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 22: 359–375.
Richter, D. deB. and Yaalon, D. H. 2012. “The changing model of soil” revisited. Soil Science Society
of America Journal 76: 766–778.
Yaalon, D. H. and Bruno, Y. 1966. Framework for man-made soil changes – an outline of
metapedogenesis. Soil Science 102: 272–277.
Yaalon, D. H. and Ginzbourg, D. 1966. Sedimentary characteristics and climate analysis of easterly
dust storms in the Negev (Israel). Sedimentology 6: 315–332.
Yaalon, Dan H. (editor). 1971. Paleopedology: Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleosols. Jerusalem:
International Society of Soil Science and Israel Universities Press.
Yaalon, D. H. and Ganor, E. 1973. The influence of dust on soils during the Quaternary. Soil Science
116: 146–155.
Yaalon, Dan H. 1997. History of soil science in context: international perspective. In: History of Soil
Science – International Perspectives, edited by Dan H. Yaalon and Simon Berkowicz. Advances in
Geoecology 29: 1�13. Reiskirchen: Catena Verlag.
Yaalon, Dan H. and Berkowicz, Simon (editors). 1997. History of Soil Science – International Perspectives. Advances in Geoecology 29. Reiskirchen: Catena Verlag.
Yaalon, Dan H. 2012. A Passion for Science and Zion: The Yaalon Story. Jerusalem: Dan H. Yaalon.
This manuscript is published in Journal of the History of Earth Sciences Society, Volume 33,
Number 1 / 2014 Pages 176-178
68
69
70
In Memoriam Dan Yaalon
Arnold Finck, Prof.-Emeritus of Kiel-University, Germany (Dec. 2014)
Dan Yaalon was an eminent pedologist. I admire his precise observation, clear presentation and imaginative generalizations. Being myself more in the line of soil fertility, however, my contribution will
be restricted to personal reminiscences.
We both were Europeans, Dan coming from the South and I from the North. We both lived
near the Baltic Sea about 1940. Dan was in Denmark as a fugitive from potential persecution, whereas
I lived not far away in a rather secluded agricultural area – but on the other side of the former great
divide.
Our first meeting as young soil scientists was at the Soil Congress in the USA (Madision
1960) where he participated as Israeli with experience on desert soils - and I from the Arabic Sudan
with work on the fertility of (river) Nile soils.
Since Dan had some relations with Kiel University, esp. with my Soil-Science colleague
Diedrich Schroeder, he came to Kiel to give lectures and to participate in our excursion to the western
coast where he studied the mud deposited by the sea. From the scientific and personal discussions a
closer friendship resulted (I still remember his question on xenophobia as a cause of human conflicts).
A highlight was the invitation to his house at the occasion of a Congress in Jerusalem. Dan
and his wife were excellent hosts. Beyond differences in religion and the consequences of the tragic
past, we liked each other as rather similar people.
When he came to Kiel again, I invited him to our house where we exchanged personal aspects of Soil
Science and he reported some of the sufferings of his family during the war – true enough, but difficult
to believe. I was glad that I could offer him the memories on my youth (showing quite a different kind
of Germany).
Later-on, I was indebted to him for recommending me as one of the authors for the historical book of
Soil Science (Footprints in the Soil, 2006). Recently, I was lucky to obtain the Yaalon Story - his
memoirs offered with asking for my comments. It was, however, already too late for additional information - also for topics beyond Soil Science, e.g. on human life in general (I would have liked to discuss with him).
I shall remember Dan with gratitude as a good friend, whom I lost too early.
71
Excursion Guide
Route Timetable
Saturday 11.04.2015
08:30
Departure from BOKU to Stranzendorf
09:00
Stranzendorf Paleosol
Explanation by Franz Ottner
09:40
Departure from Stranzendorf
11:40
Arrival at Uherské Hradiště
12:00 – 13:00
Lunch at Uherské Hradiště
Restaurant Net
13:00 – 14:00
Guided citytour
Visiting Dan Yaalon’s neighbourhood
Short historical walk
14:00 – 14:40
Reception at the town hall by major Stanislav Blaha
14:40 – 15:00
Lecture of Eric Brevik
Brevik, E.C.; Landa, E.R.; Arnold, R.:“Links between the Histories of
Soil Science and Geology, with an Emphasis on the United States”
15:00 – 16:00
Soil profile description by Jiri Kulhavy
16:30
Departure from Uherské Hradiště to Vienna
18:30
Arrival at Vienna
72
Description of the excursion route to Uherské Hradiště
Figure 1: The exkursion route from Vienna to Uherské Hradiště.
We leave the Boku Building and drive from the highest Danube terrace, the Laaerberg Terrasse, down
to the Stadt Terrasse and the lowest Prater Terrasse. Shortly afterwards we pass the Danube river. Vienna is located in the Vienna Basin, which was formed in the Upper Tertiary between the Alps and the
Carpathians. We drive along the A22, pass Korneuburg and Stockerau and turn North to the local road
B19. After 5 minutes we arrive at Stranzendorf and have our first stop in the abandoned gravel pit.
We leave Stranzendorf and drive back to Stockerau, take the S1 and A5 Highway to Wolkersdorf till
the end and turn Northeast and reach the Austrian Czech border. The whole way from Stranzendorf to
the border we are in the northern part of the Vienna Basin filled with thousands of meters with fine
grained sediments - the Viennese tegel. Since Roman time it is used for brickmaking. Above the tegel
several meters of aeolian loess are accumulated. Because of the good quality of the soil derived from
loess many vineyards exist. That landscape in the Northeast of Austria is therefore called “Weinviertel”.
We cross the border, pass Břeslav and Stražnice and after a short time we reach our destination, the
birthplace of Dan Yaalon – Uherské Hradiště.
Our short excursion starts in Weinviertel ("wine quarter”), one of the most beautiful areas of Austria.
With more than 16,000 hectares of vineyards this is Austria’s largest wine region. North of the Danube, the hilly landscape is interwoven with wide fields, old oak forests, countless vineyards and neatly
73
laid out villages. The prevailing soils of this landscape are Chernozems, Phaeozems, and Cambisols.
Located 32 km northwest of Vienna, our first stop will be in the paleosol site of Stranzendorf. Here we
will observe a loess and paleosols sequence which is embedded with molluscs and vertebrate, and
overlies a 40 m thick profile of alluvial gravel. Nearly halfway towards our final destination we will
depart Austria and enter Southern Moravia in the south-east corner of the Czech Republic. This is an
ancient crossroads of Europe that is known for its natural beauty, some of which is UNESCO protected – the Lower Morava Biosphere Reserve, and the White Carpathians Biosphere Reserve. The soil
distribution of our short route in the Czech Republic is comprised of Fluvisols, Chernozems,
Phaeozems, Luvisols, and Cambisols. The Southern Moravian inhabitants will meet us in each and
every stop along our way with their exceptional cordiality and hospitality. Finally we will reach
Uherske Hradiste, the town where Dan Yaalon grew up until the age of fifteen. Founded in 1257 by
the Czech king, Otakar II, this is the central town of Moravian Slovakia; a region known for its unique
culture, traditions and wine production. The well preserved historical city center enables every visitor
to experience the same urban landscape which accompanied Dan in his childhood. An observation of a
local soil profile is planned to end our excursion.
Fortunately we have a chance to include in this special symposium a personal touch to the life of Dan
Yaalon. Situated in the south-eastern region of the Czech Republic, Dan’s birthplace of Uherské
Hradiště is just over two hours’ drive from Vienna. The route from Vienna to Uherské Hradiště has
many wonderful attractions as we pass through the Lower Austria region, and the Southern Moravia
region (Czech Republic).
74
The loess profile in Stranzendorf - Lower Austria
Franz Ottner1, Tobias Sprafke², Birgit Terhorst²
1 BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Applied Geology, Peter
Jordan Strasse 70, 1190 Vienna, Austria
2 University Würzburg, Institute of Geography und Geology, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
The outcrop of Stranzendorf in the past
Stranzendorf is a small village located about 45km northwest of Vienna. During construction work in
the early seventies, the gravel used for a new road was sometimes mixed with dark red soil material.
The source was found in an outcrop near the vineyards on the outskirts of Stranzendorf.
First investigations were done by KOČI (1974) and FINK (1976). The geological site consists of Tertiary clay, sands and gravels in the basal part, and loess paleosol sequence in the upper part (see fig 1).
Due to the intense red colour of the lowermost pedocomplex and first paleomagnetic and paleontological analyses, FINK (1976) assumed a Tertiary age for this part and discussed the position of the
Plio-/Pleistocene boundary.
Following the first paleomagnetic analyses by KOČI (1974), KUKLA found not only normal but also
revers oriented parts in the gravel quarry (FINK 1976). Based on further analyses, FINK (1979)
pointed out, that the eolian sediments in the lower part of the sequence represent without doubt the
oldest known loess of the world.
RABEDER (1981 and 1991) and RABEDER & VERGINIS (1987) found bones and extracted remnants – particularly teeth – of small mammals from more than 7 tons of sediment. They dated the profile to the Plio-/Pleistocene border (2.7 to 1.7m y).
Starting in the late eighties, Czech investigators in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Austria
started their work in Stranzendorf. Micromorphological investigations by L. SMOLÍKOVÁ reveal a
complex genesis for the basal Braunlehm and Rotlehm soils (KOVANDA et al 1995). Based on malacological results, KOVANDA et al. (1995) assumed a Quaternary age of the sequence, and discussed
the general beginning of the Quaternary.
In the last twenty years the scientific interest in that site was very small.
75
Figure 1: Sketch of the profile Stranzendorf after FINK (1976).
The present in Stranzendorf
Last year, a scientific reinvestigation started in the light of modern state of the art.
In order to exhhibit a geological monument at this locality, the government of Stranzendorf opened a
new profile up to eight meters high and supported scientific work (fig. 2). The profile was described in
detail and more than 50 samples were taken for further analysis (fig. 4).
A large interdisciplinary team of scientists (paleopedologists, geologists, mineralogists, chemists,
physicists etc.) wanted to disclose the secrets of this profile.
Suddenly in March 2015, the mayor of the village Stranzendorf ordered to fill up again the whole profile (fig. 3).
76
Profile Stanzendorf: Overview
Profile Stranzendorf: Detail
77
Figure 2: The profile in September 2014
Figure 3: The profile in March 2015
78
The future of the profile Stranzendorf
The studied profile (fig. 4) corresponds to the lowermost part of the pedosedimentary sequence of
Stranzendorf. Three main units can be differentiated
below the topmost recent colluvial layers:
1) The upper parts (-3.8 m) are dominated by dense
loess sediments which are separated by weak brownish
and/or strongly carbonate enriched horizons. The lowermost Bw horizon of this succession most probably
corresponds to palaeosol D of FINK (1976)
2) The intermediate to lower parts (3.8-7.0 m) are
strongly weathered, brown to dark red clays (partly
with a coarse component) that cannot be easily differentiated in the field. They correspond to the palaeosols
A to C of FINK (1976).
3) In the basal portion of the exposure (from 7.0 m)
are mainly gravels with a clayey matrix. In its lowest
part the gravels are strongly cemented by carbonate.
Figure 4: The new description of the excavated pedosedimentary sequence including the sample positions of the first sampling campaign.
79
First results from the mineralogical investigation by powder X-ray diffraction show large differences
in the mineralogical composition. According to the five stages defined by TERHORST et al. (2012)
the weathering intensity in the upper part is low (mostly stage 1), whereas in the lower part it is high
and reaches the stages 3 and in parts even the stages 4 to 5.
We are optimistic, that the profile in Stranzendorf will be reopened again, and the whole series could
be shown again together with further results.
References
FINK, J. (Schriftleitung) 1976: Exkursion durch den österreichischen Teil des nördlichen Alpenvorlandes und den Donauraum zwischen Krems und Wiener Pforte. Mitteilungen der Kommission für
Quartärforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 1, 113 S.
FINK, J. (1979): Paleomagnetic research in the northeastern foothills of the Alps and in the Vienna
Basin. In: M. Pécsi (Hrsg.): Studies on Loess. (= Acta geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
22). Budapest, 111-124.
KOČI, A. 1974: Paleomagnetic Investigation of Sediments. – Report No 1 of Project 73/1/24 “Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere.
KOVANDA, J., SMOLÍKOVÁ, L. & HOÁRČEK, I. (1995): New data on four classic loess sequences
in Lower Austria. Sborník Geologických Věd. Antropozoikum 22, 63-85.
RABEDER, G. 1981: Die Arvicoliden (Rodentia, Mammalia) aus dem Pliozän und dem älteren Pleistozän von Niederösterreich. - Beiträge der Paläontologie Österreichs 8, 1-373.
RABEDER, G. & VERGINIS, S. (1987): Die plio/pleistozänen Lößprofile von Stranzendorf und
Krems (Niederösterreich). Griechische Geographische Gesellschaft Band B, 285-306.
RABEDER, G. 1991: Exkursionen im Pliozän und Pleistozän Österreichs. Österreichische
Geologische Gesellschaft, 44 p.
TERHORST, B; OTTNER, F; WRIESSNIG, K. (2012): Weathering intensity and pedostratigraphy of
the Middle to Upper Pleistocene loess/palaeosol sequence of Wels-Aschet (Upper Austria). Quaternary International 265: 142-154.
80
Uherské Hradiště
History of the town
The rich history of the
royal town of Uherské
Hradiště reaches back to
distant past. Long before
the place was settled, favorable climatic conditions along with fertile soil
had made it predestined
for settlement. The archeological finds suggest that
the primeval people had
been living here since the
early Stone Age. On the
crossing of trade routes
leading from the North to
South and from the West
to East, an ingenuous system of island fortifications was constructed in the 8th and 9th centuries. Three originally uninhabited
islands in the Morava River were settled. The main one was called St. George Island, after the chapel
consecrated to St. George, which was situated there. The settlement area of the time spread over the
grounds of today’s Uherské Hradiště, Staré Město and Sady, making it undoubtedly one of the centers
of the Great Moravian Empire. Relatively small in area, this settlement integrated the administration of
power, crafts production as well as the religious and cultural sphere. After the decline of the Great
Moravian Empire, the importance of this center diminished for a long time.
During the 13th century, southeastern Moravia became a target of frequent enemy raids. The border
crossings, passes and fords were used by the enemy troops to invade and plunder the fertile Moravian
land. It was in this time that the strategic importance of the island near a Morava ford grew again. The
enemy raiders vexed not only the villagers, but also the monastery in Velehrad. A deed by King
Přemysl Otakar II. from October 15, 1257 testifies that the town of Uherské Hradiště was founded on
an island owned by the monastery not only to protect the monastery itself, but mainly the borderland.
The town’s first inhabitants came from near market villages, royal Kunovice and monasterial Veligrad
(today’s Staré Město). The double settlement determined the town’s appearance – two market villages
were founded in close proximity to each other, each with its own square – hence the two squares of
today’s town. The basic ground plan probably reflected the original Slavic settlement. The center of
the town shows signs of typical medieval geometrism, while the shape of outer streets was somehow
adapted to the neighboring municipal fortification.
The town’s history and development through the centuries was a long and complicated one, frequently
marked with incessant raids and brawls with the adversaries of the Czech state. For this reason, the
town had been gradually fortified by various systems of fortification since its founding. These systems
were constantly improved and upgraded. The town reached its high point in the 15th and 16th centuries, when it was granted numerous privileges and liberties. In the course of the following centuries,
Hradiště became a target of frequent enemy raids. In the 16th century, it was attacked by Cuman
81
hordes, while in the 17th, it was vexed by military clashes of the Thirty Years’ War. The turn of the
17th and 18th centuries saw frequent Turkish raids and the early 18th century saw the suffering of the
Prussian Campaign. In the course of its whole history, the town was captured just once – by Prussian
army in 1742. Forty years later, it ceased to function as a fortress, however, it did continue to be constrained to the area within the fortifications. The area outside the fortification had been gradually settled only since as late as the 1840’s. By this time, the town fulfilled the functions of trade, administration and judicial center of the region. In the second half of the 19th century, nationalist turmoil and
struggle for national character spawned many different nation-oriented societies and corporations. In
1884, a new grammar school was founded in Uherské Hradiště, to be the first Czech-language secondary school in Moravian Slovakia. During this period, many important buildings were being built and
the town continued to grow.
Even after 1918, the town of Uherské Hradiště remains mainly a center of administration with slow
industrial development. The Second World War damaged the town to a large extent. The post-war
renewal brought large industry to the town, namely canning and machine engineering. The influx of
population caused, along with the annexation of the neighboring villages, a bustling growth and a significant change of the town’s appearance.
After 1989, the town became more beautiful than ever, namely its historical center. Most of sights and
historical monuments were reconstructed and sensibly adapted to fit the needs of our time.
Characteristics of the town
The town, rightfully referred to as the metropolis of Moravian Slovakia, boasts an interesting history,
wealth of sights and monuments, historical tradition, a large number of tourist attractions in its vicinity
as well as finely preserved countryside of its surroundings. Uherské Hradiště – a town that lies in the
fertile wold of the Morava river, which is shielded by woody slopes of the Chřiby hills from the West,
and White Carpathians from the East, in the middle of viniferous country inhabited by industrious and
kind people.
Since long ago, the pilgrims’ steps have lead
here for the moments of
rest and serenity as well
as joy of enlightenment.
The hospitality of the
royal town has always
been well-known and
attracted many artists to
visit – painters, poets,
writers and composers.
All those who have visited the town left it later
with an ineffaceable
memory.
82
Soil at Uherské Hradiště
Kalendář věků National Nature Monument
General Characteristics
County (administration): South Moravia Region
District (town): Břeclav
Cadastre: Dolní Věstonice
Geological region: Pouzdřany, Ždánice & Zdounky units;
Rača unit of the Chřiby Mts.
Accessibility: - no traffic restriction (by car)
Excursion locality: yes
ID: 676
ASL: 215 m
GPS: N 48°53,206´ E 16°39,263´
The Kalendář věků NNM – “Calendar of Ages” is located on the floor and
walls of abandoned brickpit on the eastern edge of the village of Dolní
Věstonice in the Jihomoravský kraj – South Moravian Region. The
protected area was declared in 2005 on an area of 0.45ha and lies at
elevations of 180-205 metres above sea level. This stratotype of the Upper
Pleistocene in a facia of dry loess is exposed in profile on the northern foot
of the Pavlovské vrchy limestone ridge.
Photo: Jiri Kmet
A terrace system of fluvial accumulations gradually developed along the Dyje river, which already
flowed through its current valley and the Věstonická brána Gate between the Lower Pleistocene to the
Holocene periods. This Quaternary covering is built of Pleistocene fluvial sediments (sandy gravels) at
several height levels and deluvial and eolic sediments (loess, airblown sands) with fossil soils PI-X.
Cryogenic phenomena are common in these soils. Together with the pre-Quaternary basement these
strata are prone to landslides. Well-developed exposed
loess strata can be found in the Kalendář věků
abandoned brickpit, where the former quarrying work
uncovered a profile of around 20 metres in height. After
the extraction finished a vertical cut (rectangular in
shape) was made in the centre of the pit wall.
This vertical cut enables us to see the exposed loess
strata of Upper Riss age with remnants of mollusc fauna
on the wall of the former brickpit. Well developed
brown earth or Cambisol lies on top of this loess (soil
complex III-R/W) and on top of this we can observe
three brown-black horizons of humus-rich black earth of
83
Chernozem (soil complex II), which are separated by wash sediments and loess. The parabrownearthdoes not contain fossils or pollen, whereas the complex of Chernozems and their
intermediate layers contain steppe fauna. In the lower Chernozem and in the loess between the lower
and middle black earths we can find the shells of thermophilous molluscs. Soil complexes II and III
are overlain by a thick complex of the youngest loesses, which are separated by a thin light-brown
layer which can be regarded as soil complex I. This youngest soil complex is of stratigraphic
importance because the Gravetienne (Pavlovienne) horizon (29-22 thousand years ago) lies on its
surface. Evidence of fir and spruce trees is typically found in the Pavlovienne cultural layer. Less
resistant steppe elements are occasionally found in soil complex I, although this layer is predominantly
sterile due to decalcification. These absent steppe elements are replaced by tundra species which are
bound to the greyish horizon of the initial Pseudogley. Recently developed Chernozem can be found at
the surface. Remains of fauna from the Würm period, such as mammoths, woolly rhinoceros, reindeer,
wolves and foxes are often found in the accompanying loess horizons.
Boreholes made in the floor of the brickpit provided evidence that there is
a further 15-metre-deep complex of loess, slope sediments and fluvial
sands with occasional gravels and with two soil complexes. Partially
trampled grassland grows on the floor of the brickpit and includes
thermophilous ruderal species. Part of the pit floor and the south wall are
covered with false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) stands. Notable herbs in
the protected area include the white-flowered poppy Papaver maculosum
and the rocket Hesperis sylvestris.
The locality is notable for the occurrence of many hymenoptera insects,
especially solitary bees such as Andrena morawitzi, the tawny mining bee
(Andrea fulva) and Osmia leucogastra. Individual hibernating lesser
horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus hipposideros) have been found in the
neighbouring underground spaces.
Photo: Jiri Kmet
Brick-making clay was previously extracted on the site of the current
Kalendář věků NNM and later material to build the dam wall of the Nové
Mlýny reservoir was also taken from the pit. After quarrying was stopped
the pit was occasionally used as a campsite, but now it is used and
maintained by the local hunting club.
The actual loess profile has been affected by local landslides caused by
Photo: Jiri Kmet
weathering. The speed of the landslides and destruction of the profile was
worsened by water which penetrated the strata in the profile from the open
ventilation shafts of a collapsed wine cellar, which came to the surface several metres below the upper
edge of the pit. These ventilation shafts have now been blocked and rainwater is probably unable to
penetrate the profile in this way.
Young growths of “tree of heaven” (Ailanthus altissima) were cut back on the north-east wall of the
brickpit in 2004. Around 0.1 hectares of tree stands (predominantly false acacia – Robinia
pseudoacacia) remain on the floor and south wall of the pit and it will be necessary to remove them.
The Kalendář věků NNM is easily accessible from the road and an information panel is provided for
visitors.
84
References
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12 March 2015
85
Table 1: Grain structure of soil profile Cihelna, Dolní Věstonice
Depth (cm)
Diameter of granule (mm)
0,01 0,05 < 0,01 %
0,05 %
0,1 %
29,04
37,50
21,88
28,20
29,42
27,18
28,14
29,80
24,54
22,96
40,66
29,34
33,80
36,36
16,58
36,82
35,44
19,14
33,60
38,10
16,92
26,58
31,70
24,98
30,90
39,28
20,36
36,44
32,96
19,20
31,06
28,60
29,54
34,28
36,60
21,26
39,46
35,48
17,26
0,1 2,0 %
11,58
15,20
17,52
7,04
13,26
8,60
11,38
16,74
9,46
11,40
10,80
7,86
7,80
Physical clay
< 0,002
mm, %
10,32
9,04
8,52
8,84
10,22
10,86
10,20
8,84
9,75
12,55
10,48
11,84
10,88
Designation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
10-20
90-100
190-200
280-290
400-410
410-420
420-430
550-560
700-710
820-830
870-880
920-930
1000-1010
14
1060-1070
40,38
36,90
16,90
5,82
10,21
buried cherozem III.
15
1100-1110
30,16
36,66
17,22
5,96
8,83
A₂ - horizon
16
1140-1150
48,06
29,90
17,94
14,10
16,75
17
1180-1190
37,96
34,02
16,44
11,58
14,88
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1300-1310
1400-1410
1550-1560
1600-1610
1650-1660
1700-1710
1750-1760
1800-1810
28,86
21,76
21,86
3,60
6,92
7,84
5,14
3,48
32,66
27,24
27,16
6,66
3,54
9,90
4,40
2,58
26,68
27,28
27,84
13,18
14,64
16,08
20,38
8,62
11,80
23,72
23,14
76,56
74,90
66,18
70,08
85,32
9,46
8,25
8,04
−
−
−
−
−
B₁ - horizon
podzol
B₂ - horizon
loess
loess
loess
aeolian sand
aeolian sand
aeolian sand
aeolian sand
aeolian sand
recent chernozem
loess
loess
loess
Haplic luvisols
culture layer
aurignacien
loess
loess
Stratigraphy
Würm 3
W ₂₋₃
W₁ + W₂
buried cherozem I.
buried cherozem II.
86
Riss- Würm
} buried haplic
Riss
Table 2: Content of CaCO3 and content of humus, soil profile Cihelna, Dolní Věstonice
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Depth
content of CaCO₃ (%)
(cm)
10-20
trace amount
90-100
10,8
190-200
10,0
280-290
8,5
400-410
1,8
410-420
2,1
420-430
1,9
550-560
9,2
700-710
8,0
820-830
trace amount
870-880
14,8
920-930
3,2
1000-1010
8,8
1060-1070
1,9
1100-1110
0,9
1140-1150
trace amount
1180-1190
−
1300-1310
15,4
1400-1410
12,4
1550-1560
9,8
1600-1610
2,8
1650-1660
3,6
1700-1710
4,3
1750-1760
3,5
1800-1810
4,0
content of humus
2,45
0,31
0,28
0,25
1,24
0,52
0,26
0,15
0,29
2,75
0,38
2,52
0,30
2,56
0,15
0,25
0,22
0,15
0,18
0,24
0,39
0,12
0,12
0,09
0,10
Designation
recent chernozem
loess
loess
loess
Haplic luvisols
culture layer
aurignacien
loess
loess
Stratigraphy
Würm 3
W ₂₋₃
W₁ + W₂
buried cherozem I.
buried cherozem II.
buried cherozem III.
A₂ - horizon
B₁ - horizon
} buried haplic podzol
B₂ - horizon
loess
loess
loess
aeolian sand
aeolian sand
aeolian sand
aeolian sand
aeolian sand
Riss- Würm
Riss
Knor, A., Ložek, V., Pelíšek, J., Žebera, K. (1953): Dolní Věstonice: výzkum tábořiště lovců mamutů v letech 1945-1947. Nakladatelství Československé akademie
věd, Praha.
87
List of Participants
Abudi, I...................................................... 6, 29
Albag, R. ................................................... 8, 37
Amit, R. ..................................................... 4, 21
Argaman, E.......................................... 9, 41, 42
Arnold, R. .......................................... 10, 43, 73
Arubas, . ........................................................37
Arubas, B......................................................... 8
Aschenbrenner, J. ............................ 1, 6, 13, 30
Avni, Y. ..................................................... 8, 37
Balasch, J.C. .............................................. 7, 32
Baumgarten, A. .............................................19
Bazhina, N. ................................................ 1, 12
Berkowitz, B.............................................. 5, 26
Berliner, P......................................................29
Billings, S. A .................................................42
Billings, S.A. ................................................... 9
Bliedtner, M. ............................................. 6, 28
Blum, W.E.H. ............................................ 9, 40
Blume, H. – P. ........................................... 3, 17
Boixadera, J. .............................................. 7, 32
Brevik, E.C. ....................................... 10, 43, 73
Bronger, A. ................................................ 4, 22
Cailleau, G. ................................................ 2, 15
Carmi, G. ................................................... 6, 29
Ciszek, D. ........................................ 1, 5, 12, 24
Cooper, M.................................................. 8, 38
Crouvi, O. .................................................. 4, 21
Cserháti, C. ................................................ 4, 21
Decrouy, L. ................................................ 2, 15
Dergacheva, M.I. ....................................... 1, 12
Diaz, N. ..................................................... 2, 15
Díaz-Ortega, J............................................ 1, 13
Dietrich, F.................................................. 2, 15
Dror, I. ....................................................... 5, 26
Durn, G. ..................................................... 7, 31
Egli, M....................................................... 6, 29
Einwögerer, T. ........................................... 4, 20
Enzel, Y. ................................................ 3, 4, 21
Farres, P..................................................... 2, 16
Finck, A. ........................................................72
Fleck, W. ............................................. 5, 25, 26
Frechen, M. ............................................... 7, 31
Fuchs, M. ................................................... 4, 20
Gaar, D. ........................................... 1, 6, 13, 30
Golan, K. ................................................... 8, 37
Goldfus, H. ...................................... 8, 9, 37, 41
Goldshleger, N. ......................................... 7, 34
Goodman-Tchernov, B.N. ........................ 8, 36
Guimarães Santos, A.P. ............................ 8, 38
Haas, M..................................................... 2, 14
Haberhauer, G. .............................................. 19
Händel, M. ................................................ 4, 20
Itkin, D. ................................8, 9, 19, 36, 41, 67
Jahn, R. ..................................................... 4, 22
James, B.R. ............................................... 9, 40
Jary, Z. ................................... 1, 4, 5, 12, 20, 24
Kabala, C. ........................ 4, 6, 8, 23, 28, 29, 39
Kadereit, A.......................................... 5, 25, 26
Kallas, E.................................................... 1, 12
Kierczak, J. ............................................... 6, 29
Knoll, S. .................................................... 2, 14
Korabiewski, B. ..................... 1, 4, 5, 12, 20, 24
Kösel, M. ............................................ 5, 25, 26
Kosir, A. ................................................... 8, 35
Kovács, J. .............................................. 3, 4, 21
Krawczyk, M. ................................. 1, 5, 12, 24
Kreutzer, S. ......................................... 5, 25, 26
Krupski, M. ..................................... 4, 6, 23, 28
Kühn, P. .............................................. 5, 25, 26
Kulhavy, J. ........................................ 10, 73, 86
Landa, E.R. ....................................... 10, 43, 73
Langohr, R. ............................................... 3, 18
Lehmkuhl, F.............................................. 4, 20
Lomax, J. .................................................. 4, 20
Makeev, A.O................................................. 19
Mello, N.A. ............................................... 3, 17
Mendes de Sousa, A.C. ............................. 8, 38
Menezes de Souza, Z. ............................... 8, 38
Meyer-Heintze, S. ........................... 1, 4, 13, 20
Miller, C.............................................. 5, 25, 26
Monger, H.C. .................................. 4, 9, 23, 41
Moska, P. ........................................ 1, 5, 12, 24
Mroczek, P. ..................................... 5, 6, 24, 27
Muggler, C.C. ........................................... 3, 17
Musztyfaga, E. .......................................... 8, 39
Nekrasova, O. ........................................... 1, 12
Neugebauer-Maresch, C. .......................... 4, 20
Ngounou Ngatcha, B. ............................... 2, 15
Nogales, I. ................................................. 7, 32
Ochur, K. .................................................. 1, 12
Ondar, E. ................................................... 1, 12
Opala, M. .............................................. 3, 4, 20
Ottner, F. ....................................................... 76
Owczarek, P. ............................................. 4, 20
88
Poch, R.M........................................ 7, 8, 32, 38
Preusser, F. ...................................... 1, 6, 13, 30
Przybyl, A.................................................. 4, 23
Raczyk, J. ........................................ 1, 5, 12, 24
Rahmonov, O. ........................................... 4, 20
Richter, D. deB .......................................... 9, 42
Rolf, C. ...................................................... 7, 31
Ronen, A.................................................... 8, 36
Rusakov, A. ............................................... 7, 31
Sady, A. ..................................................... 6, 28
Salazar, G. ................................................. 2, 14
Sauer, D. .................................... 5, 7, 25, 26, 32
Schäfer, I. K. .................................................14
Schäfer, I.K. .......................................... 2, 5, 24
Schulte, P................................................... 4, 20
Schweri, L.I. .............................................. 5, 24
Sebag, D. ................................................... 2, 15
Sedak, M.................................................... 7, 31
Sedov, S. .................................................... 7, 31
Shahar, Y. .................................................. 7, 34
Shajari, F. .................................................. 6, 30
Sheinkman, V. ........................................... 7, 31
Shinonaga, T........................................ 5, 25, 26
Shorkunov, I. ............................................. 1, 11
Simon, U.................................................... 4, 20
Smolikova, L. ............................................ 4, 22
Solleiro-Rebolledo, E. ................. 1, 3, 4, 13, 20
Sprafke, T. ................................. 2, 4, 14, 20, 76
Stahr, K................................ 5, 8, 19, 25, 26, 35
Starkovich, B. ...................................... 5, 25, 26
Stavi, I. ................................................ 9, 41, 42
Stoops, G. ................................................. 3, 18
Suhr, M. .................................................... 2, 14
Sycheva, S. A................................................ 19
Szidat, S. ................................................... 2, 14
Tananaev, N. ............................................. 5, 24
Targulian, V. ................................... 1, 9, 11, 40
Terhorst, B. ................................1, 4, 13, 20, 76
Tsatskin, A. ............................................... 8, 38
Uchaev, A. ................................................ 1, 12
Van Ranst, E. ............................................ 3, 18
Varga, G.................................................... 4, 21
Vasilieva, D. ............................................. 1, 12
Verrecchia, E. ................................. 2, 8, 15, 36
von Suchodoletz, H................................... 6, 28
Wacha, L. .................................................. 7, 31
Waroszewski, J. .............................. 6, 8, 29, 39
Wojcieszak, J. ........................................... 6, 28
Wolf, D. .................................................... 2, 14
Wright, V.P. .................................... 2, 8, 15, 35
Wüthrich, L. .............................................. 1, 13
Yaalon, D. ..................................................... 19
Yaalon, D.H. ................................................. 45
Yaalon, U. ..................................................... 19
Yair, A. ..................................................... 7, 34
Yaron, B.................................................... 5, 26
Zaady, E. ................................................... 9, 42
Zaidenberg, R. .......................................... 8, 39
Zech, M. .................................................... 2, 14
Zech, R................... 1, 2, 5, 6, 13, 14, 24, 28, 30
89
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51
MICKLEY, W.: Stoffhaushalt - insbesondere Stickstoffumsatz in BodenCatenen des West-allgäuer Jungmoränen-Hügellandes unter Grünlandnutzung.
Univ. Hohenheim (1999).
52
GLATZEL, S.: The greenhouse gas exchange of grassland agroecosystems (Umsatz klimarelevanter Gase in Agrar-Ökosystemen unter Grünland). Univ. Hohenheim (1999).
53
TURYABAHIKA, F. R.: Regionalisierung der Stickstoffmineralisierung - dargestellt am Beispiel einer Lößlandschaft des Kraichgaus unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Abhängigkeit von der Bewirtschaftung. Univ. Berlin und Univ.
Hohenheim (1999).
95
54
GRAEF, F.: Evaluation of agricultural potentials in Semi-arid SW-Niger - a soil
and terrain (NiSOTER) study. Bewertung landwirtschaftlicher Potentiale im semi-ariden SW-Niger - eine standortskundliche Untersuchung (NiSOTER). Univ.
Hohenheim (1999).
55
HALM, D.: Soil water balance in the semiarid Northeast of Brazil – characterisation, simulation, evaluation, and comparison of hydrological properties and
processes in representative soils of the Picos region, Piauí. Univ. Tübingen und
Univ. Hohenheim (2000).
56
BARETH, G.: Emissionen klimarelevanter Gase aus der Landwirtschaft – Regionale Darstellung und Abschätzung unter Nutzung von GIS am Beispiel des
württembergischen Allgäus. Univ. Hohenheim (2000).
57
LANG, F.: Molybdän-Mobilität und –Mobilisierbarkeit auf sauren Waldstandorten: Prozesse und Einflussfaktoren. Univ. Hohenheim (2000).
58
IGUÉ, A. M.: The Use of a Soil and Terrain Database for Land Evaluation Procedures – Case Study of Central Benin. Univ. Hohenheim (2000).
59
HEINCKE, M.: Effects of soil solution on nitrous oxide emissions. Univ. Hohenheim (2001).
60
KALLIS, P.: Tertiäre Bodenbildung am nördlichen Rand des südwestdeutschen
Molassebeckens (Schwäbische Ostalb). Univ. Hohenheim (2001).
61
GABEL, D.: Einfluß der Bodenbewirtschaftung des Ökologischen Landbaus auf
die Stickstoff-Dynamik während der Umstellungsphase. Univ. Hohenheim
(2001).
96
62
LORENZ, K.: The role of microorganisms and organic matter quality for nutrient mineralization and carbon composition of organic layers in forests as influenced by site properties and soil management. Univ. Hohenheim (2001).
63
SOMMER, M.; O. EHRMANN; J. K. FRIEDEL; K. MARTIN; T. VOLLMER
& G. TURIAN: Böden als Lebensraum für Organismen – Regenwürmer,
Gehäuselandschnecken und Bodenmikroorganismen in Wäldern BadenWürttembergs. Univ. Hohenheim (2002).
64
DE BARROS, I.: Soil related limitation to crop production in the semiarid northeast of Brazil: Identification and Modeling. Univ. Hohenheim (2002).
65
KUZYAKOV, Y.: Kreislauf niedermolekularer organischer Substanzen in Böden
– Tracerstudien und Theorie. Univ. Hohenheim (2002).
66
SOMMER, M: Biogeochemie bewaldeter Einzugsgebiete
pedogenetischer Kontext. Univ. Hohenheim (2002).
67
WELLER, U.: Land evaluation and land use planning for Southern Benin (West
Africa) – BENSOTER. Univ. Hohenheim (2002).
68
LANGE, F-M.: Wasserbilanzen natürlicher und landwirtschaftlich genutzter
Standorte in der Region Picos/Piauí (Brasilien). Univ. Hohenheim (2003).
69
DOMANSKI, G.: The contribution of different sources to the total CO2 emission
from soils. Univ. Hohenheim (2003)
70
THIERFELDER, C.: Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes. Univ. Hohenheim (2003)
97
und
ihr
71
ADAM-SCHUMM, K.: Bodenatmung im regionalen Zusammenhang am Beispiel des Westallgäuer Hügellands – Erfassung, Steuerung und Bewertung. Univ.
Hohenheim (2004)
72
JUNGKUNST, H.: Black Forest Soils – Sources and sinks of CH4 and N2O.
Univ. Hohenheim (2004)
73
USMAN, A. R. A.: Soil reclamation and conservation: evaluation of several additives for remediation and quality improvement of soil. Univ. Hohenheim
(2005)
74
SCHOLICH, G.: Regionalisierung von Bodenvariablen auf Landschaftsebene
(Mesoskala) (am Beispiel von Pararendzina aus Löß in der Oberrheinischen
Vorbergzone). Univ. Hohenheim (2005)
75
MACK, U. D.: Bodenwasserhaushalt und Nitratauswaschung unter bewässertem
Getreide- und Gemüseanbau in der Nordchinesischen Tiefebene. Univ. Hohenheim (2005)
76
JIJO, T. E.: Land preparation methods and soil quality of a Vertisol area in the
Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Univ. Hohenheim (2005)
77
INTHASAN, J.: Responses of Litchi Trees (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) to chemical
and organic fertilizers including soil amendments such as fly ash and dolomite in
the Northern Thai Highlands. Univ. Hohenheim (2006)
78
MOUNKAILA, M.: Spectral and mineralogical properties of potential dust sources on
a transect from the Bodélé Depression (Central Sahara) to the Lake Chad in the
Sahel. Univ. Hohenheim (2006)
79
HOELL, B.: Die Rolle des Porenraums im Kohlenstoffhaushalt anthropogen beeinflusster Niedermoore des Donaurieds. Univ. Hohenheim (2007)
80
SPOHRER, K.: The water regime in a lychee orchard of Northern Thailand identification of model parameters for water balance modelling. Univ. Hohenheim (2007)
98
81
MAURER, T.: Wind erosion and mineral dust emission potentials of Sahelian soil
surfaces. Univ. Hohenheim (2007)
82
CHEN, H.: Evaluation of carbon sequestration potential in agricultural soils in BadenWürttemberg, South-West Germany. Univ. Hohenheim (2007)
83
BLUME, H.-P., STAHR, K.: Zur Geschichte der Bodenkunde. Univ. Hohenheim
(2007)
84
WERTH, M.: Contributions of roots, rhizodeposits, and soil organic matter to CO2
efflux from maize rhizosphere as revealed by 13C and 14C tracermethods. Univ.
Hohenheim (2007)
85
NYAGATARE, G.: Effects of soil water regime on spatial and temporal distribution
of CO2, NH4, N2O and DOC in the soil pore volume. Case study of a Calcaric
Gleysol in the Southwest of Germany, Univ. Hohenheim (2008)
86
LEHMANN, A., DAVID, S., STAHR, K.: TUSEC-Bilingual-Edition: Eine Methode
zur Bewertung natürlicher und anthropogener Böden. Univ. Hohenheim (2008)
87
LAMERS, M.: Nitrous oxide emissions from mineral and organic hillslope soils of a
temperate spruce forest ecosystem: Measurement and modelling. Univ. Hohenheim (2008)
88
SCHÜLLI-MAURER, I.: Bodenentwicklung in Süd-Norwegen in Abhängigkeit von
Alter und Ausgangsgestein. Univ. Hohenheim (2008)
89
SCHULER, U.: Towards regionalisation of soils in Northern Thailand and consequences for mapping approaches and upscaling procedures. Univ. Hohenheim
(2008)
90
GHRAIR, A. M.: Immobilization of heavy metals in soil by amendment of
nanoparticulate zeolitic tuff. Univ. Hohenheim (2009)
99
91
BISCHOFF, W.-A.: Development and applications of the self-integrating accumulators: A method of quantify the leaching losses of environmentally relevant substances. Univ. Hohenheim (2009)
92
KAHL, G.: Lateral water flow and solute transport in a sloped soil in Northern Thailand: Measurement and Simulation. Univ. Hohenheim (2009)
93
WAGNER, S.: Soil (Chrono-) sequences of marine terraces. Pedogenesis in two
coastal areas of brasilicata and agrigent. Univ. Hohenheim (2009)
94
RUMBAUR, C.: Regionale Risikoabschätzung der Nitratauswaschung in der Nordchinesischen Tiefebene in Abhängigkeit von der Nutzungsintensität. Univ. Hohenheim (2010)
95
TEDLA ARAYA, H.: The effect of compost on soil fertility enhancement and yield
increment under smallholder farming – a case of Tahtai Maichew district –
Tigray region, Ethiopia. Univ. Hohenheim (2010)
96
FINCK, M.: Modellierung des N-Austrags unter Berücksichtigung regionaler NUmsetzungsprozesse. Univ. Hohenheim (2010)
97
FISHKIS, O.: Phytolith transport in soil. Univ. Hohenheim (2010)
98
FALL, A.C.A.L.: Soil formation and mineral distribution in a saline acid sulfate landscape of West Central Senegal, West Afrika. Univ. Hohenheim (2010)
99
ANAGU, I.: New approaches for modelling sorption and desorption of environmental
contaminants in soil: case studies with selected heavy metals and a pesticide
(2011)
100
GEORGIADIS, A.: Entwicklung einer Methode zur fraktionierten Si-Bestimmung in
Böden des feucht-gemäßigten Klimas (2011)
101
CONG, N. D.: SOTER database for land evaluation procedure: A case study in two
small catchments of Northwest Vietnam (2011)
100
102
RATHORE, S.: Assessment of biomass production potential on salt affected land. A
soil and terrain database case study (SASOTER) in Badin District, South of Pakistan (2011)
103
ZHAO, X.: Effects of the land use type and land use change on carbon storage and
regional estimation of carbon balance in the North China Plain (2012).
104
BISHARAT, R.: Combining the barometric process separation (BaPS) method with a
New 13C-pool dilution technique for measuring gross nitrification rates in calcareous agricultural soils (2012).
105
PEICHL-BRAK, M.: The influence of land management on the fluxes of greenhouse
gases in organic soils (2013).
106
LA, N.: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice fields in northern Vietnam: Measurement and
simulation (2013).
107
BÖCKER, R., FLECK, W., HERRMANN, L., JAHN, R., JOCHUM, R., KADEREIT,
A., KÜHN, P., KAZDA, M., KIND, C.-J., KÖSEL, M., MILLER, Ch., SAUER,
D., STAHR, K., STRECK, T., WERTH, M.: Excursion Guide Book: „Soils in
Space and Time“ (October 3rd and 5th 2013) (2013).
108
HÄRING, V.: Effects of land use change on soil organic carbon dynamics in Northwest Vietnam (2013).
109
VASHEV, B.: Biomass Production on Salt-Affected Soils of South Asia (2014).
110
SHAH, A.: N2O and CO2 emissions from arable and grassland top soils under laboratory and greenhouse conditions (2014).
111
STAHR, K., BÖCKER, R. Landschaften und Standorte Baden-Württembergs. Exkursionsführer (2014).
112
MOUSSA OUMAROU, H.: Biodiversity Management by West African Farmers under the Challenge of Climate Change (2014).
101
113
PALMER, I.: Verminderung von indirekten Lachgasemissionen und Nitratverlagerung
im intensiven Feldgemüsebau (2014).
114
BANNWARTH, M.: Probabilistic assessment of the environmental fate of agrochemicals under varying land use in a watershed in Northern Thailand (2015).
115
STAHR, K., SAUER, D., OTTNER, F., ITKIN, D.: Transactions of the Dan H.
Yaalon Symposium, Dan Yaalon Symposium Vienna and Uherske Hradiste (8th – 11th
April, 2015) (2015).
PhD and habilitation theses from the Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation
Hohenheim University (Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre der Universität
Hohenheim) from the period 1975 – 1992 are available in a limited number. Otherwise you
may order copies. A list of these booklets can be found in the issues 1 – 50 and No. 100 of the
Hohenheimer Bodenkundlichen Hefte.
102