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2. books and literature

LENQ'5
..
..
Sixpenny
Book.
People's Song
The
Health
Without
Tommy
Brown"
Medicine.
Memoirs
and
Reform
Cookery
Adventures
of the
The
Adventures
of
MacPeever
The
Harvest
Life.
Hon.
Leo
FantassO:
Mrs
J. K.
Fisk.
Clay
Wrangles.
of
Moloch
By
Lawson.
of Shillelah.
NEWSAGENTS
AND
BOOKSELLERS.
Dispelicrsfor tl)e
Gloom
Congt Dark
Winter ^Denlngs !
People's
Opt
Parlour
Parlour
Games
Conjuring
Plays.
for
Everybody.
Parlour
and
Humorous
Scottish
People's
The
People's Draughts
The
People's
Kate's
Fortune
Teller.
from
John
Post
Book.
Dance
Music.
free 2d.
Leng
and
"
186
Book.
Chess
One
Newsagents.
Magic.
Readings.
The
Aunt
all
Boy.
Book.
Garden
Sprigs
Of
Bad
Mottoes.
The
ALL
a
Book.
The
Leng's
of
of Scottish
Sketches
Letters
Janette's
OF
Library.
each, or
Penny
i/-for
the set
of
each.
eightbooks,
Co., Ltd.,Publishers, Dundee,
Fleet
Street,London.
CONTENTS.
OF
TABLE
-"*"""-
Vaqm,
Page.
to Front
to Read
How
ob* Advice
Lack
No
Read
Reflect
as
Reader
Each
Jolin
Hints
on
of
Ctioice
Books,
Superficiality
5
Moric
5
SociKTiEs
7
Travels,
9
Classics,
Infinite
The
Question
Clearness
10
"
Human
How
to
10
Pains,
Main
the
Order,
11
Thing,
11
in
One
on
Not
to Conduct
Essays
MS3
12
Experience,
13
Essays,
13
for
The
National
The
Courses
Comes
Skill
Arrange
Be
Plan
of
Courses
16
A
16
.^
...
17
Logically,
Prepared,
Gladstone
As
16
...
17
..,
^
Voice
Natural,
and
its
..,
with
...
...
...
Benefited,
have
Debates
25
26
for
Prepare
26
27
Debate
a
27
Home
Drive
TO
"
Facts,
Your
Goodwill
How
26
Thoroughly,
Marshal
The
Possible,
as
Syllabus,
Specimen
to
25
Study,
of
of
the
Main
the
27
Audience,
27
...
28
Point,
Ability,
Debating
Acquire
25
28
...
to
Act
in
a
Debate,
^
^
...
.^
.^
...
28
17
Notes,
Treatment,
25
Societies,
Men
17
Preparation,
do
to
24
Stimulus
Many
Hov?-
Hov/
Little
24
Duties,
Literary Society Syllabus
15
...
his
Debating
Valuable
Prepare
...
Facts
24
Book,
of
16
Say
to
24
Chairman,
Illustrious
15
16
Study,
and
your
Mr
Union,
Practice,
with
Carefully,
Prepare
Good
Reading
Reading,
Something
Have
A
A
Speaking,
Persevkrance
24
...
Impartial,
Benefits
Many
Home
Public
on
23
Minute
The
15
op
Debate
Secretary and
The
Circles,
.,
Duties,
Model
The
The
Reading
22
Meeting,
22
Chairman's
12
Sulbjects
22
12
Money-M'aking,
for
and
Lectures,
of
12
Discouraged,
Lecturer's
a
and
Laws
Literary
a
Society,
Debating
How
for
...
Advice
Market
2%
Speaking,
12
Writing,
by
Money
be
21
."
Public
11
Voice,
Make
21
Another,
Strictly
The
20
Feeling,
Constitution
Outline
11
Proportion,
of
Journalist's
Have
20
20
Evil,
Gladstone
Mr
The
How
20
Society,
Friendly
no
The
The
A
...
10
Treatise,
Facts
Your
Hints
20
Readers,
and
Committer,
Visitation
Help
...
Essay,
an
Regular
a
Have
A
20
Members,
Think
Write
The
to
9
Take
Do
According
Successful
a
Cultivate
Ancient
A
19
Vary
Students
to
Lady
8
Fiction
Not
...
Wanted,
Should
to Have
How
A
How
19
...
19
Self-Conoeit,
and
Societies
Advice
7
Counsel,
and
Prose,
to
Societies,
Debating
...
Religion
The
19
Circumstances,
6
Drama,
the
and
19
...
Weakness,
AND
Against
Reasons
4
6
Biography,
Improvement,
Strength
Their
4
Himself,
History,
Poetry
18
Ideas
of Cle^
for Mutual
Societies
4
Speecli,
Bright's First
the
for
Voice,
Profundity
The
4
4
Choose
MrsT
THE
UP
...
Pleasure,
Give
Should
Reading
la
13
Keep
3
Read,
as
well
Manner,
...
First,
Books
Conversational
the
of
,.
...
Readers,
to
Great
the
3
Imperative,
Selbotion
Careful
Advantages
3
...
...
"..
...
...
18
Subjects for
18
Magic
Debate,
Lantern
29
...
E^lbitions^
31
...
...
,..
TABLE
Paok
Parliaments,
tocal
I*aO'5"
'
Earnestness,
32
"w
...
CoNTiNTrBD^
CONTENTS"
OF
".,
iM
I
"!
"^
.."
*"
36
-,
37
Brotherliness,
Parliaments,
Local
Eaelt
l
32
..,
to
How
Discussed,
Qdestions
Important
Start
Equipment
of
a
Association,
Fellowship
37
...
32
",
Some
The
"_
...
Politician,
the
of
Benefits
its
37
32
37
Syllabuses,
Fellowship
"
Magazine
Manuscript
me
Write
to
How
a
Fellowship
Paper,
38
...
Where
and
Facts
Find
to
Them,
Members,
Text-Books,
of
Care
Books
for
34
Bindings,
34
Good
34
Helpful
TO
Open
a
Book,
^
Hints
for
Eeaders
and
Reciters,
How
TO
Secure
Manner,..
for
the
Sense,
A
Subuect,
Advice,
41
35
Resourceful
Orator,
43
35
How
Utterance
Distinct
Great
35
A
CnocaiNG
and
40
The
Reading:
on
Thinker's
by
Essayists
Speakers
35
Natural
the
Suggested
39
Syllabuses
Books
Ruskin
Emphasis
"In
of
38
Literary
...
How
Study
the
Memoriam,"
^
Leather
38
34
Syllabus
The
to
Deal
with
Long-Winded
35
Orators,
^Fellowship
Associations,
Fellowship
Meetings
Conducted,
The
No
Chairman,
Unfriendly
43
36
Dramatic
How
^
33
Fellowship
Young
Encourage
to
How
...
33
Criticism,
^^^
are
The
36
Hints
36
Musical
Societies,
Chief
Fault
to
Amateur
Evenings
Meetings,
36
="iS^J^
^,^^^n^^,^;,-jg,-j^|^je.^p^g
"^""V-
44
of
44
Speakers
45
Reciters,
and
Social
45
Entered
at
HOW
All
Ha!l.
Stationers'
AND
WRITE,
(NBW
HOW
by
READ
TO
TO
AND
the
DEBATE.
EDITION)
ENLARGED
of the
Proprietors
People'sJournal."
other books, and
of the
he is aware
become
fact, the young
will have
a
man
a*eader who
is reading to profit.A good
idea of the relative
positions of our mor"
"
bers's
Chamrecent
writers may
be gob from
be
PROFIT,
"
a
stepping-stoneto
tlius,almost
HERE
at
world's
feared
that
readers
to-day
previousperiod of the
mere
are
than
any
history, yet
there
are
not
Reserved
READ,
TO
Published
Rights
it
better
is
to
be
readers.
before
of English Literature,"
Cyclopaedia"
In the hurry and bustle of the age, with
new
edition, edited by
creasing
its innumerable
periodicalsand its inLL.D.
The third volume
David
Patrick,
deals with the
costs
The
work
comingNineteenth
it is beof newspapers,
stream
Century.
half a guinea per volume.
Saintsbury'3
difficult to obtain
and more
more
"
Nineteenth
Literature '*
Century
for the
of mind
the
repose
necessary
7s
should
also
be read/^
:
(Macmillan
6d)
masterpieces of
appreciation of the
No
Lack
of Advice
to Readers.
literature.
It is from these masterpieces,
Of advice in regard to reading there U
however, that the greatest benefits and
lack.
that
be true
no
Although it may
the most
lastingjoys are to be derived.
in the mailtitude of counsellors there ia
to the
If we
to read
are
greatest profit wisdom, the young reader will find that a
the major portion of our
reading time
little sound advice mastered
and put into
bo given to the great books of the
must
valuable
is more
than
a
practice
huge
''
is fleeting,"
Art is long and time
world.
O'f miscellaneous
mass
suggestions di"wrote
Longfellow,and upon no one does connected
and
ill-assorted,and tending
this
truth
of
the
saying press more
only to confusion.
Among those who hav"
heavily than upon the lover of literature offered advice on reading few have don"
of the
he contemplatestlie vast extent
as
so
readers
aa
good service for earnest
good reading which is to be overtaken.
Mr
Frederic
article
Harrison, whose
Even
him
little thought will convince
a
entitled "The
Choice of Books"
is full of
that all that life will allow him to .undertake
valuable
the most
suggestion,and will
infinitesimal portion of
will be an
richlyrepay careftil study. He is most
the whole.
to the
for choice.
as
emplmtic
Careful
Select'on
Imperative.
It is obvious, therefore, that he
must
The
careful selection.
the
from
bo winnowed
bad,
good must
is
But how
the best from the mediocre.
and
the young
inexperiencedreader to
have
recourse
to
this selectingprocess ? To begin
to what
should
have
recourse
termed
tools of literary
the
be
may
Such
Btudents.
a
book, for example, as
of the Rev.
Primer
the English Literature
Stopford Brooke, M.A. (Macmillan " Co. :
Is),will give him a fair idea of the range
select the
Let
him
literature.
of our
perform
with, he
department of letters which most appeals
the
to his sympathies,and begin to study,
As
in that
department.
leading works
he reads he will find his outlook widening.
before
New
realms of knowledge will open
trains of thought will be suggested,
him ; new
JE^ok book
read will
intelligently,
necessity
the
of books," he says,
"In
wilderness
"most
certainly all busy men, must*
men,
The
habit of reading
strictlychoose."
of
the
wisely, ho acknowledges, is one
difficult habits to acquire, needing
most
"
strong resolution and infinite pains. It
and
needs
resolute
a
a
strong character
system of reading to keep the head cool
in
the
of literature
around
storm
us.
To
organise our
knowledge, to
systematise our
reading, to save, out of
of ink, the immortal
the relentless cataract
thoughts of the greatest this is
genuity
a
tnecessity,unless the productive inis to lead us
at
last to
of man
and pathlesschaos.
measureless
a
"
from
far
I am
m.eaning that oui'
very
is to
bo
time
whole
spent with books
given to study. Far from it. I put thel
side of literature
poetic and emotional
needed for daily use^"as the most
.
.
.
"
.
.
Read
the
First,
Books
Great
great
The
busy
smaller
men.
of the
tors
world which does not hunt poets as collecfairly reserve
for curios, may
hunt
they
lesser lightsfor the time when
these
We
the
know
greatest well.
day how many
need to be reminded
every
.
.
.
.
.
glory, which,
the books of inimitable
after reading, we
all our
eagerness
It will
hands.
in our
taken
have
never
of
of us to find how much
astonish most
books
the
to
is
given
industry
our
very
rake
leave
no
mark, how often we
which
in the little of the printing press, whilst
of gold and rubies is offered ns
crown
a
are
with
tn
train."'
Reflect
It is not
as
enough
Well
as
read
to
groat books.
thoughtfully if we
even
Read.
good
We
must
are
to
books
read
share
"The
or
them
in the
great
they bestow.
point," said Henry Ward Beecher, is to
benefits which
"
reflection." We
read
nothing without
have to understand
clearlywhat we read,
We
it our
own.
have
to make
and
we
should read with dictionary and reference
should
books
at hand, and
pass nothing
doubtful until we have
are
about which we
honestlyattempted to make it clear. An
excellent
plan to impress the salient
is to
the memory
facts
of a book
upon
The
read.
of the matter
extracts
make
friend also
of a book
with
discussion
a
does much
good. To pause and reflect at
and
to a^jk what
the foot of each
page
thought or fact of value it contains is like^-
.wisea helpfulpractice.
Reading should
Sheriff Campbell Smith, of puri"
witticisms
are
widely
dee, whose shrewd
known, lecturing on "Reading," has said
the most
general advice he could give was
seems.
to speak of the
Harrison
Mr
goes on
to
and
Scott, and
Homer
of
jlelights
not
more
are
works
their
that
tegret
have readers
He would
assiduously read.
devote their attention to tHo great writers
for the school of all the
^rst. "I am
and I am
against the school
men
.
DEBATE.
AND
WRITE,
READ,
TO
flow
give Pleasure.
read either for pleasureor culture, to
as
long
read with all the faculties awake
flagging
as
they could follow the writer with uninterest
when
interest, and
thing
ceased, to lay down the book and try someof reading, he
else. As to methods
would
recommend
none.
Every reader
to
find out
must
suited
what
himself.
Himself.
tion
inclinahe reads as (
leads him, for what
little good."
So sai'.i
task will do him
Johnson.
so
great a reader as Dr Samuel
of
Each
human
being has an individuality
his own,
and
with
differingtastes and
Each
''A
ought
man
Choose
must
Reader
to read
for
just as
impossible to prescribea
reading suitable for every one^
do
To a very large extont
must
our
we
of choice is
own
choosing. Bu'o freedom
not meant
to lead us to dispensewith ap-^
The aimless jumpplicationand method.
ing
about from book to book is not likely
it is
powers
of
course
to
in
result
much
peimanent
benefit.
"Desultory reading is the bane o' lads.
Ye maun
begin with self-restraint and
method, my man,
gin ye intend to gie
yoursel'
liberal
a
Sandy MacKaye
Kingsley's novel
education."
So
Locke
Alton
to
of that
name.
said
"
in
Th"
will
wise student," says Mr John MoTley,"
of his reading with a pen or
do most
a
will not shrink
He
pencil in his hand.
from
the useful toil of making
abstracts
and summaries
of what
he is reading."
SPEECH.
BRIQHPS
FIRST
the year 1832 several young
men,
three
elder
whom
were
my
among
brothers, John
Bright, Oliver Ormerod,
Thomas
Rochdale
and
a
Booth, formed
Tlieir plan
juveniletemperance band.
off on
to
set
was
summer
evenings to
Smallwalk
to outlying villages,such
as
JOHN
About
cipline,
disLower
and
severe
even
Place, "c.
discipline,
bridge, Whitworth,
such
is necessary
Of
make
to
one
man
a
a
meeting Or^
"
merod
the following account.
to
not
"
good reader, he should take care
gave
Chairman.
it
W^ien
He
allow any false idea of duty to force him
(Oliver)was
to speak he had
of uncongenial reading. A
into a course
to Blight's turn
came
subject which is distasteful is not likely^somehoAV got all his notes mixed up, and
is wisdom
There
to be mastered.
in the
was
Seeing this, Oliver,
quite confused.
advice of the American, Lyman Abbott
hint to sit down, said
a
giving him
*'
"
Now, we'll sing a
Begin with what is congenial. Choose
good temperance
half through he whispered
what
what
not
to
but
know,
ought
song." When
you
The same
advice is to Bright " Just leave your notes on the
to know."
you want
third
of
form
in
the
Emerson's
three
welland
into your
comes
given
say whatever
rules for reading. They are :
known
head."
John
Bright followed his advice,
and
read any book that is not a
deliberate sentences
after one
two
or
''First,never
but
read
he got into the swing of it, and made
Second, never
a
year old.
any
books.
famed
his first
but what
Third, never
capital little speech. That was
any
that Emerson
without
first
notes, the
speech made
you like." It will be noticed
ing
puts this rule last,and if the two precedspeech he eve?
really extemporaneous
i-ules are
followed it will be found
that
"Threads
made.
from
the Life of John
{bhe adrice is scarcely
so
complaisantas it Mills^Bauker*"-^
While
.
.
.
,
.
"
"
"
"
"
'
HOW
HINTS
TO
READ,
"\VRiTE. AND
DEBATH.
"
Nineteenth
Century Series" of Messrs
W. " R. Chambers
(5s each, net) contains
the
on
As
the space
for these notes
several
useful volumes.
Messrs Cliatto "
choice of books
is extremely limited, it Windus
have done good service to historical
to
than
will be impossibleto do more
students by adding to their St (Martin's
Library (cloth 2s net, leather 3s net, per
the lines upon
indicate in a general way
vol.)Justin McCarthy's History of Our
ginning.
bemake
which
student
to
a
a
ought
in three volumes.
Own
Times"
Other historical
Tlie advice given is put forward
works
the same
writer can
be
by
but
as
in no
merely
gestions
sugdogmatic way,
had in the same
series. Macaulay 's History
which, it is hoped, will prove
of England"
is now
accessible in
useful to beginners. The great thing is to
Messrs
cheap editions.
very
Longman's
When
love for
ON
CHOICE
OF
BOOKS.
"
"
good reading.
develop a
Popular Edition, in two volumes, costs
reader will soon
the young
it comes
2s 6d per volume.
man's
Cheaper still is Everyin
tion
rotabe able to guide himself.
Taking
Library (J. M, Dent " Co.),three
the various
departments of literature,
volumes
one
net.
at
shilling each
let us
begin with
M'Carthy's "Short
History of Our Own
HISTORY.
is publishedby Chatto
Times"
" Windus
and
all know
should
We
something of the in a popular edition at half a crown
in
at
The
a cheap edition
latest
sixpence.
Britain
in
historyof our own
country, and
edition of Cassell's
Illustrated History
writer
in having had
a
fortunate
we
are
of England"
well up to date.
The
comes
nation's
has told the
who
story of our
growth of our Empire will be more
clearly
growth, with deep insight,full knowledge, grasped after the reading of Professor:
A
and
in fascinatingliterary style.
Seeley's "Expansion of England" (Maof
Green's
niillan,4s net). Turning next to
Richard
is John
wonderful
book
once
"
History of the English People."
man
8s 6d.) The
young
"Short
(Macmillan.
who
reads
and
digests
meanly equipped
for the
be
performance of
it
will not
GENERAL
our
to
attention
Greece
had
and
HISTORY.
better
first be directed
Rome.
Macmillan'
s
shillingprimers by Fyfe and Oreighton
the duties of a citizen. Its study is sure
will form admirable
tions.
introducrespectively
and
both
other
literary
to lead to
studies,
Freeman's
A.
E.
primer on Europe
ences
referFoi' these, admirable
historical.
with
advantage,
of authorities are given might also be studied
in the way
advanced
books:'
more
and we
are
in the book itself,
likelyto go Tlien might come
General
Sketch
Freeman's
of
Euro*
torians
hisfrom it to the study of other English
Ss
Gil-,
(Macmillan,
Histoi7"
6d),
Stubbs,
pean
Palgrave,
Freeman,
"
"
"
Froude,
Hume,
Macaulay,
may
bo
(fee.
For
Gardiner,
Lecky,
periods in which
we
mentary
specially infcerosted, supplereading may with advantage be
for this such series of
and
English
books'as Macraillan's "Twelve
Statesmen"
(2s 6d each), Macmillan' s
man's
(2s 6d each), and Longof Action"
Men
"
Epochs of History Avillbe found
easilyaccessible and very valuable. Carand
Letters
Cromwell's
edition of
lyle's
be
not
should
which
book
is a
engaged in,
oi
"Rome"
the
in
man's
Stoir
Series
Nations
the
(Fisher Unwin,
Grote's
or
History of
5s), Curtius'
Grote's Histoiy is now
included
Greece."
"
Everyman's Library, 12 vols.,Is each,
of modern
of the marvels
publishing.
is one
to
There
supremely great work
in
one
will turn
with reverthe student
ence
''Decline and Fall of the
Gibbon's
Roman
Empire." To the lover of history
it is anything but dull reading, yet its
length makes its perusala task of no small
Speeches"
have
magnitude. Messrs Methuen
lished
pubHistory only comes
overlooked. Green's
volumes
edition in one
an
shilling
then
since
For our
history
to 1815.
down
Tlie
(clothIs 6d), which has the advantage of
have to trust to various writers.
we
the notes of Prof. J. B. Bury.
possessing
History c^f Eiigland," by
Student's
edition is published by Mr
A
student's
"
Gardiner
(Longmans
Rawson
Samuel
in
vols, at 5s each.
two
Among
That
Murray
Co., 12s)is a very serviceable work.
bo menother great histories which
tioned
from
may
the
with
period
portion dealing
"Dutch
are
Motley's
Republic,"
in
a
had
separate
be
can
1689-1901
Prescott's
''Mexico," Bryce's "Holy
has also preGardiner
Mr
pared
for 4s.
volume
Roman
and Carlyle's "French
Empire,"
tory"
Hisof
Atlas
School
English
"A
Revolution."
Before
reading the lastwill
this
(Longmans " Co., 5s),and
the
would
do well to go
student
named,
Tlie
to
aid
study.
invaluable
be found an
ject
subwork
the
on
same
a
simpler
through
Victorian
period will be found dealt with
tory
such as that in the Epochs of HisIV.
and
Periods
in
detail
in considerable
Series.
be had
can
Motley's work
the Rev.
V. of the History of England by
of Everyman's Library, at
vols,
three
in
"
Co.,
Bright, D.D. (Longmans
J. Frank
work
in
shillingeach, and .Carlyle's
The
one
each resp actively).
4s 6d
"s and
"
"
*'
which
"
HOW
TO
READ.
WRITE,
DEBATE.
AND
AND
DR A /MA.
THE
POETRY
Rorutledge publish
Messrs
volumes.
"
3s
6d
at
works
Prescott's
per
In these
realms
of gold" the student
edition of
an
ral
history,seveIn the light of modern
vol.
For lyriwill journey as fancy leads him.
cal
of the Story of the
of the volumes
ho will find Professor Palgrave's
noetr}^
particularlyinterestSeries are
Nations
Golden
Treasury of the Best Songs and
be mentioned
these may
incr
Among
in the English Language"
Poems
Hosmer
Lyrical
K.
J.
;
"The
by
Jews,"
many,"
(Macmillan; from Is net) Ian -excellent
"Russia," by W. R. Morfill ; and "Gertory
A
selection.
useful work
phies
by Baring-Gould. Akin to hisgiving biogratwo
"
"
is
of the
BIOGRAPHY.
fascinating study is this, for, as
is properly the only
Man
Goethe
says"
The study of
man."
interests
that
object
from
Poets
leading poets, with
their
works,
(Macmillan :
is
selections
Ward's
English
7s
6d
latest issue the fourth
8s 6d, but it is greatlyenvolume
costs
larged.
The
introduction
this
to
general
Plutarch's Lives throws a
as
such a work
work
is a
piece,
masterArnold
by Matthew
history.
new
light upon Greek and Roman
and
^ould be diligentlystudied
stand
Carlyle's Cromwell" enables us to underby all lovers of poetry. The choice/ of
Around
revolt.
individual poets will depend largely upon
the great Puritan
Nelson
are
and
the taste of the reader, and the choice of
Wellington,
Napoleon,
grouped the leading events of the gi'eat editions upon the state of his' purse. The
and Europe at
France
poetry of Tennyson almost all will enjoy,
struggles between
The
and now
that his poems
have be'en added
sent
prethe beginning of last century.
fortunate
to
the
Globe
3s 6d)
is
:
(Macmillan
particularly
Library
generation
be had
in a good edition at a
and
they may
variety of excellent
in the number
in cheap
moderate
be had
price. Even
cheaper editions
biographies which can
be
it is to read the
had
which
of his earlier works
can
W^hat a stimulus
form.
of copyright. The
are
now
out
as
man's
EveryCaptain Cook, Lord
lives of such men
net
Library volume at one shilling
Clive, Sir Francis Drake, General Gordon,
is admirable.
Lawrence, and
Longfellow is another poet
Sir Henry Havelock, Lord
find them
David
trayed almost universally popular, and there are
porLivingstone as we
of
Men
in the
few households
where
his poems
will not
by skilful pens
be highly appreciated. Burns
and Scott
Action Series (Macmillan, 2s 6d each).!As
will be found in most
we
are
Scottish homes, and
regards the lives of literary men,
of the household
of Letters
the head
well served by the English Men
might occupy
the winter
vantage
adworse
evenings .to much
Series (Macmillan: First Series, Is each
than by reading aloud from
them.
each,
sewed. Is 6d each cloth, 2s net
lar
Library edition ; New Series,2s net each) For Shakespeare perhaps the best popuScries (Walter
edition is the Globe
Writers
the Great
(Macmillan : 3s
and
Scott Publishing Co., Is 6d each). While
Cd). Much
cheaper, and also excellent,
and
read
are
enjoyed, the is the edition in the Oxford
these books
Library of
Prose
and
Poetry (2s). The Everyman's
greater works of biography should not be
is Bos well's immortal
Library edition in three volumes (Is net
neglected. There
in exto be had
cellent
of Johnson"
now
"Life
each) is well printed in large type. It is
a
man's
shillingsin Everygood plan to study favoairite plays in
type for two
is LockThe
Temple edition
separate foim.
Library (Dent). There
Life O'f Scott"
(Dent : Is each) are
hart's
(Popular Edition, volumes
beautifully
A
printed and tastefully bound.
unabridged,3s 6d, A. " C. Black),which
poet
is not always appreciated is Wordswho
with
of the
one
worth.
brings us into contact
His best works
will be found
of men.
in
manliest, cheeriest, and bravest
of selections edited by Matof Arnold,"
the Volume
is Stanley's "Life
thew
There
Arnold
for the
and
Golden
the
words
for us
which
recounts
Ti-easury
and
this
a
actions of a great teacher
good series (Macmillan : 2s 6d). Should
volum.e
of
Charles
be relished, the
Life
is the
reader
There
might
man.
tlie poet's oofrnpleteworks
Kingsley,'told by his wife an inspiring then procure
is the
edited
Memoir
of Norman
There
7a
book.
by John
Morley (Macmillan;
6d). Keats, Shelley,and Mattiicw Arnold
Macleod, D.D.," by his brother, Dr
Life of
also be procured in the Golden
is the
Macleod.
There
sury
TreaDonald
may
Chaucer
series.
will never
Denison
Frederick
be a
Maurice," told by his
There
is the "Memoir
of xUfrcd
popular poet ; but those who go to
son.
very
Lord
are
Tennyson," by his son (Macmillan, the trouble of mastering his lanonage
Thanks
to Messrs
Macrichlyrewarded.
6s). Many other great biographical works
be pi'ocured\ millan, his works can
"Life
now
in
there are, including the admirable
of Gladstone," by John
millan,
Morley (Macja good edition at 3s 6d. Spenser, Mil-
A
most
"
each).
In
4
volumes,
the
"
"
"
"
"
"
from
exhausted^
10s
and
we
net);
must
but
pass
our
on
space
to
is
j ton. Pope, Dryden,
'-ssued in
the
Globe
and
all
Co^vper are
Library (Macmillan:
HOW
8s 6d), which
be
can
mended.
So also can
series (Henry Frowde
cheaper
form
Tl
READ,
thoroughly
the
AND
Po^ets
6d), and
DEB
ATS
RELIGION
TGcom-
Oxford
3s
:
WRITE,
the
in Mr
AND
Every young
his library a
COUNSEL.
will do well
man
selection
of
the
to
add
best
to
gious
reli-
Frowde' s Florin Library.
books
and
number
a
of the books
is. a poet whose
which
fitted to give helpfuladvice to
are
lus
writingsare well calculated to give stimuand
makes
strength. His tersoness
men.
The
Bible and
its study is
young
him often difficult tofollo'W,
but it is worth
more
fully dealt with in the section of
while
The
him.
trying to understand
this book
devoted
to
Fellowship work.
reader
the
with
ling
shilmight
begin
young
Let us mention
here to begin with a few
volume
of selections (Smith, Elder,
of the great devotional
works.
There
is
then
" Co.), and
of the
to one
on
go
Imitation
of
of Christ"
volumes
the Canterbury Poets
series "The
a
by Thomas
man's
(Walter Scott: Is each), or the EveryKempis. It can be had in a great variety
Library volumes, two at Is each.
of editions,and
is a book
to live with.
a
large choice ot Law's
Indeed, there is now
"Serious
Call to a Devout
and
of
Browning's earlier Holy Life" is a great and helpful book,
cheap editions
works.
Of counse,
the copvright poems
deserving of all the good things said of
can
only be bought in Smith, Elder, "
it by the Rev.
Dr
St
Whyte, of Free
Co.'s editions, and
if the
student
can
For
George's, Edinburgh.
one
shilling
also buy their issucfs the reader
afford it he should
have
the choice of more
can
Their leather-bound
of the earlier works.
than one
edition.
Fargood cloth-bound
"*
half-crown
India
in
edition on
rar's Lives
of Christ
paper
and
St Paul
are
terbury
is very
volumes
good value. The Canbrilliantly
written,and full of helpfulsuggestions,
Poets series (Walter Scott, Ltd. :
and
can
now
be
had
very
volumes
includes
various
Is per volume)
cheaply (Cassell" Co. : from 3s 6d each).
of which
can
of poeticalselections,many
Keble's
"Christian
Year"
can
be had
be liad nowhere
else, and which are well
from
few pence
a
upwards, and so also
and
''Faust"
Goethe's
attention.
worth
can
Bunyan's " Pilgrim Progi-ess,"great
"
of alike as
two
Commedia"
Dante's
Divina
are
a
religiouswork and as a work
which
we
of the world
the great poems
of the
One
of the volumes
Robert
Browning
The
translations.
read
in various
Goldsmith
should
and
Shericlan
of
plays
Good
not be missed.
cheap editions may
be had in Cassell's National
Library. Tlie
lover of poetry, in
fact, however
poor,
to
stint his
need
has
in these days no
taste, for Mr W. T. Stead's Penny Poets
brought
have
a
great body of the best
can
within
verse
the
of every
reach
of
Common
Ancient
and
Modem"
bo'und
cured,
together should be sedenomination
whatever
reader
our
oelong to, as it contains much good
may
devotional
reading.
Other
young
ton's
fascination
a
"
Of
one.
TRAVELS.
What
imagination.
Book
containing the
and
Prayer"
"Hymns
there
is in
works
man
will do
"Intellectual
works
Good
less
Books.
dit'eotlyreligiousthe
well
Life"
to
read
Hamer-
(Macmillan
:
10a
of I^larcus Aurelius
6d), The Meditations
those of the old voyagers
of travel, from
sures
"Plea(Scott Library: Is), Lubbock's
boats to the experiences
in their weather-beaten
of Life"
(Macmillan: from 6d upwards),
traveller with
of the modem
Education^*
Herbert
Spencer's
at hiij (Williams "
"
the
Norgate : 2s 6d ; Watts
railway and the steamboat
graphy
AutobioCo.
Franklin's
:
Benjamin
number
of
the
6d),
lier
earcommand!
a
Quite
Library : 6d),
(Cassoll'sNational
sell's
be found in Casof travel
works
"
may
National
and
the same
reading. Cook's
in
sey's Voyages
in
during
''Journal
America"
in South
"Wanderings
had
"
can
be
splendid
"Voyages," Lady Brasseries,and
is
the
Sunbeam,
a
Voyage
Darwin's
in
the
"
the
Travels
on
to Khiva,"
"Ride
few
"Travels
in Africa"
a
are
Earth's
been
have
good books of travel which
'
"
Beagle,'
Amazon,"
ter,"
"Charac6d each;
Is), Dr
Lees'
"Life
and
Conduct"
Cameron
A. " C. Black:
(Guild Text-Books:
6d).
The
edition of Lowell in the Penny Poets
series should
be bought and
read for Mr
Stead's stimulatingintroductoiy essay on
"His
Message, and how it helped me."
In fact, the American
poets Lowell, Whitall very helpful
tier, and Longfellow are
counsellors for young
people. Much
help
from
also be had
the writings of
may
"Heroes
and
Hero- Worship'*
Carlyle.
and
Present"
"Past
two
and
are
good
with.
Both
books to commence
can
now
be had very cheaply.
Smiles
Self-Help," "Duty,"
vantage
Library,and read with adand others
(Murray: 3s
pleasure. Waterton's
covers.
"Self-Help" in paper
Wallace's
Burnaby's
published in popular
form,
but,
as
gards
re-
travellers,
recent
the works of more
is so great that the reader
the number
choice
in
a
might well be left to make
inclinations.
with his own
accordance
Ti'
TO
now
AVUITE.
READ,
AND
Other
PROSE.
reader's
The
depend
choice of prose
exhaustive
how
upon
his study of
make
literature,
as
well
as
DEBATE.
he
branch
this
let the reader
will
works
is
of
their
to
sure
our
whom
his individual
upon
the
beneficial.
be
Ruskin
them througK
companionship is
is Carlyle,
There
seek to know
works, and
to
Authors;
Great
acknowledged
as
his master.
tures
work as his "Lecgood plan
his
and
sent,"
PreHeroos"
"Past
on
or
of our
one
with some
great authors and
and it will not be long before you
Take
assiduooisly.
to study his works
feel that you have
friend,
gained a new
his works will
John Ruskin, for instance
and will read his other works with pleasure.
readof
months
supplyus with material for
of the author's
If some
knowledge
in
him
with
communion
inp;.By holding
is gained from such a book as Garcareer
shall gain a true-hearted
iiis books
we
nett's Life of Carlylein the Great Writers
in
an
shall
move
we
and
friend
counsellor,
series (W. Scott : Is 6d), the enjoyment
atmosphere of purity,in a world where
creased.
will be heightened and
the benefit inand
think
to
for
all
highly
natural
it is
is
writer
A
fascinating
prose
addition
all this is in
to live nobly. And
Robert
Louis Stevenson.
He is an artist
It
matters-Ruskin's
of
style.
to the glory
in words, and his styleis practically
fect.
perof his b6oks. We
one
littlo where we
open
"
His essays are
Virmasterpieces.
come
w"
far
before
upon
shall not read
and
"Memories
and
ginibusPuerisque"
marvellciTS word
picture or some
Bome
"
Portraits"
Windus
from 2s
:
(Cliatto
the
enhanced
beauty
by
of thought
gem
ing
perhaps the best beginnread each net) make
we
of its verbal setting. Whether
for the reader.
Stevenson
has much
shall
we
for the style or for the teaching,
to say
style,and he tells by what
upon
Ruskin's
not
regret the time spent over
laborious applicationhis own
stylewas
down
to lay
It is impossible
any
works.
reader who
under
comes
in perfected.The
to the order
fast rule
as
and
hard
Stevenson's
charm
is
rest
not
to
likely
read.
be
books should
Ruskin's
which
satisfied until he has read every
word
Probably
of his that he can
Our
come
across.
and Lilies"
"Sesame
than
space will not allow us to do more
It is
Inakes afi good a beginning as any.
few others of the great prose
mention
a
book which will stand many
readings. writers.
a
Matthew
Arnold, probably the,
is in praise of best of ooir modern
In the first essay, which
is worth carecritics,
ful
books, he shows us how we ought to read
his "Essays in
reading,particularly
to
derive the greatest benefit
if we
are
Criticism"
(Macmillan : Two series: 48
from our
reading. No nobler tribute to net each). Emerson's
works
are
prose
and
woman's
greatness has been full of bracing thoughts. Macaulay's
power
paid than in the second essay, " which is " Essays" are most brilliant in style,
Sesame
entitled " Of Queen's Gardens."
Charles Lamb's
lightful
"Essays of Elia" are deand Lilies" is a comparativelyshort book
tain
reading. Bacon's " Essays" conyet the reader feels that in it he indeed
marvelloois amount
of wisdom
densed
cona
in
little room.
into small space.
possesses great riches
"The
tor"
Spectabook of Ruskin's, short in length
Another
of Steele and Addison
contains
a
"
this
Unto
but mighty of import, is
of beautiful writing. Routgreat mass
have
Here
the social reformer
we
Last."
ledge publishesa handy edition in one
author overmasteringthe literaryvolume
in our
The
four-volume
at 3s 6d.
tion
ediartist. The book deals with the problems
in Everyman's Library(Dent : Is net
of
riches and
of Capital and Labour,
volume) is beautifully
printed, and
per
Its thoughtfulstudy will dc is wonderful
poverty.
value.
his
It will open
for the reader.
much
of
of
the
to
pressing
questions
many
eyes
"The
art of speaking,"says the Rev.
our
time, and will probably make him a Dr
Earlston, in his useful little
Mair,
The
reader
of social science.
student
"
"
book
entitled
hardly
Speaking," " can
Ruskin's
has^
Sesame
who
is to make
One
taste.
Read
friends
such
carefully
a
"
appreciated
Lilies" and
likelyto
CANNOT
WE
*'
at
a
"
"
ALL
for a penny
instalcan
get the current ment
any one
in the
of tv/o high-classnovels
PeoDle's Friend."
buy
a
stop
over-estimated.
With
the singleexception
of thinkingitself
of the power
could hardly be exercised v/ithout
which
the human
voice and
the
language
the
faculty of using it in speech are
dowment
peculiardistinction and the highestenin man.
They are giftsalso
of singular
beauty and power.
They have
and
roused
motion,
repressed every
charmed
unruly crowds, swayed strongminded
Senates,changed the history of
the na1;ions."
be
this Last" is not
"Unto
these works, but will
read with zest and profitthe others of
within his reach.
his works which
come
As with Ruskin so with
and
novel, but
six-shilling
week
'
"
HOV/
TO
HEAD.
WRITE,
FICTION.
fortii^the
Fiction
Tsranch
that
widely popular
to-day. Provided
most
of literature
fiction read
the
is littlo
roaS'On
affairs.
Fiction
may
contribute
The
best
ennoble.
under
is of the
cavil at
to
best there
this state
of
reading wiselyconducted
veiy largelyto culture.
novels
Almost
educate, elevate, and
all
contribution
historyhas
laid
been
for their subjects,and
APTD
^
DEBATK
Other
of reading in historical
courses
novels may easilybe drawn
Another
up.
excellent and methodical
of reading
way
fiction is to study it as literature.
Trace
its development from its source
to the present
time.
For this purpose
help will be
got from such bf"oks as Professor Raleigh'^
work on the "English Novel"
in the Tni^
versityExtension Series (Murray, 3s 6d);
from
Dunlop's "History of Fiction"
(Bohn's
Standard
Library, Geo. Bell "
Sons);
and
Ma.sson's " British Novelist"i
their Styles." Very interesting
and
the fortunes of the various charact-ers is useful aho is Sir Walter
Besant's lecture
creased.
his kno-wledf^e greatly inthe "Art
to have
on
sure
of Fiction."
But when
all
is said that can
Take
the Waver ley Novels, for
be said in favour of the
studious reading of fiction,the
The man
who
instance.
has read these
fact remains
ledge
that the majority of people v.ilt
carefullywill be found to possess a knowread
of historygreater aiid more
ing
endurfiction for enjoyment
rather
thau
who' have
education.
And it is rightthat it should
perhaps than that of many
be so ; besides,there is consolatioai in thd
conventional
sought it from the more
historical manuals.
of the orthodox
source
thouglitthat the gi-eat novelists teach
Wliile this is true, the reader should by and
amuse.
uplift asS well as
Readj
rest satisfied with the knowledge
no
means
therefore, and enjoy withooit stint the
of Scott
works
he
of history which
Sir
and
gathers from
Dum.as, Tliackeray
He
should
Walter
Scott.
study the and Dickens, Hardy and Meredith, GeorgQ
Eliot and
novels
the various
Cliarlotte
periods with which
Bronte, Stevenson,
self
for himto estimate
deal, and endeavour
Kingsloy (both Cliarles and
Henry)^
terpreted
how
far tlieyhave been
Blackmore, Wilkie Collins,William Black,
correctlyinFenimore
''Woodstock," for Cliarles
R,eade,
by Scott.
Cooper,
Nathaniel
instance,should be made the centre for a
Hawthorne, Victor Hugo, and
other writers
of reading embracing the whole
course
accredited of fame
many
whom
It
cannot
we
mentio^n here.
And
do
period of the English Revolution.
should lead to the reading of Carlyle's not forgetthe old books:
The "Arabian
'"'Oliver Cromwell," of such a bock
as
Nights Entertainment," "Don
Quixote,'*
"
"Robinson
Life
and
Masson's
Tra^
Times of John
Ci'usoe," "Gulliver's
"
graph
MonoMilton," of Frederic Harrison's
vels,""c.
tories,
Cromwell," of Gardineor's hison
J. H. Shorthouse's
and
THE
on.
so
ANCIENT
CLASSICS.
"
John Inglesant,"is well worth
romance,
The ordinaryreader has to depend upon
readingby all interested in this particular translations for his
enjoyment of the
vantageously
method
be adperiod. The same
may
ancient
writers.
Thanks
to the labours of
followed with almost
every
multitude
of
a
scholars,he does not on
novel.
A
few
historical
ago
years
drew
that
fare
account
the
Rev.
George Jackson, B.A.,
very badly. Admirable
for the benefit of the readers of the
out
translations are available of the works
of
"
of
the
following course
Young Man"
of the great writers of antiquity^
most
It follows
reading in historical novels.
want3
The lot of the general reader who
the chronological
order, and each novel is
to aceuire
some
acquaintance with the
to
introduction
to bo used as
an
intended
the
reader
who
enters
into
intelligently
and
"
the historyof the
deals:
period
with
which
it
Wake"
the
Hereward
Kingsley's
Conquest).
(Richard I.).
Scott's "Ivanho^"
"
Scott's
"
Lytton's
Talisman"
"
Last of
(Norman
(The Crusades).
the Barons"
(WaTH
of the
and the Heajth"
"Cloister
("A Tale
the Middle
Ages").
Ho!"
(ElizabethanAge).
Kingslev's "Westward
Abbot"
(Mary Queen of Scoto).
Scott's
of Nigel" (James I.).
Scott's "Fortunes
"John
Shorthouse's
Inglesant" (CharlesI.).
Clarke"
(Monmouth's
Conan
Doyle's Micah
of
''
"
Rebellion).
decade
Blackwood's
much
or
two
excellent
easier than
ago.
series
for English Readers
it
In
of
was
Messrs
Ancient
(now
to
be
had in shilling
volumes) are to be found
to
concise and trustworthy introductions
the
authors.
Indeed,
all the
great
of educated
majority of people,and even
less knowledge
with
life
people, go through
of antiquity
of the great writers
accessible
in these
is to bo found
than
The other aids to the appreciavolumes.
tion
also
are
of
classical writers
the
for instance.
In
Take Homer,
numerous.
there
Series
Classics
are
the
Ancient
(Queen Anne)
Thackeray's "Esmond"
EeyoI".J
T.U p" TwoCit.es't (j-,e,oh
"Pioken^'
a
Classics
Roses).
Reade's
classics is indeed
only
"
C^insde.UnS VKu boA
^^'i^-^:",'
*'
the
TO
HOW
10
and the
niad"
celebrated
published by
shilling.
No
'*
Odyssey."
primer
on
of
amount
Mr
reading
at
do
much
about
the
meets
which
difficulty
is usually
Literary Society essayist
an
good
first
the
choice
subjects are
"
Smith
says,
of
subject
is
passing over
with
of
scarce,
a
subject. Not that
Alexander
for, as
The_essay
matter.
his
that, he
thousand
writer
He
has
has
the
head, and,
lack
no
day that
fied
if unsatis-
world's
depasture his gay
has
the
six
or
to
years
time
I
idle
serious humour
my
away
upon.
subjects every
here, and I am finding new
hear
or
is
world
and
where
one
whispering essays,
only be the world's amanuensis."
hour.
Everything
in
essay
the
bud.
I see
The
is
an
every_-
need
Our
have
Smith's
not
essayist may
young
of subjects, but ho' is
keen
discernment
to be embarrassed
sure
by the richness of
If he be wise he will
the field before him.
each;
("Iliad," 2 volumes, Is 6d
choose a subjectwith which he is familiar,
Of
6d
Is
^'
each).
2
volumes,
Odyssey,"
terested.
in which
he is deeply inor, at least,one
made
that
is
translations the best
prose
He
will not
be too ambitiouS;
and Lang, and
lished
pubButcher
by Messrs
and will remember
that it is
the works
From
by Macmillan.
Not
m.ade
Treatise
be
a
I?egu!ar
can
selection
a
here mentioned
that he is to write, but only an
oi^
essay
Bufficient to give a good insight into the
bard.
endeavour.
Some
jects
essayistsfind their sub"works of the grand old Grecian
whose
in particular
of the old Greeks
phasesof the life around
Plato is another
and
careful
exercise
and
of
of
theif
them,
worthy
works
powers
are
to the
assiduous
study. A good edition of his observatio'n ; others have recourse
"
"
ESSAY.
AN
WRITE
TO
THE
one
"
"
HOW
is
the
unless
on
books
from
is also read, so
himself,
Homer
to
must
we
pass
tors
the translato him
as
at least as near
or
Homer
of
translation
The
will allow.
It
is that O'f Pope.
use
in most
common
illustrations
Flaxman's
with
be had
can
each
volume
Classics, one
in the Chnndos
Warne
(F.
Iliad" and
Odyssey"
to the
good judges of
" Co., 2s each). Many
to
of Chapman
poetry nrefer the version
Lowell
:
Russell
James
says
of
that
Pope.
the best
for us
has made
Chapman
that has yet been Englished out of
poem
man's
Dent, ChapThanks
to Messrs
Homer."
in most
be had
now
can
version
the
in
Temple Classics
foami
daintv
will
author
author
Homer
DEBATa
AND
stone's
Glad-
Homer
Macmillan
Messrs
WRITE,
READ,
translated by
that
and D. J. Vaughan, and
published in the Golden Treasury Series
series
the same
2s 6d). In
(Macmillan,
of
Death
Trial and
''The
will be found
J^.riches
history and literature. A paper
favourite
favourite
a
author, or
ia
historical hero
book, or a favourite
often very successful,and a beginner will
find in it fewer
opportunities of going
abstruse
by F. J. Church,
astray t])an in a more
topic.
Bocrates," translated
translation
end
by J. Wright of The subject fixed, the wise essayist vrill
new
a
goras."
"Protaat
once
"Lysis," and
begin his preparations for its
"Phaedrus,"
and Virgilcan
Horace
probably treatment.
Delays are dangerous, and a
in
translations
best be read in the prose
good essay can scarcelybe expected when
the Globe Library (Macmillan,3s 6d each). its writing is put off till the last moment,
the
translated
model
Our
has
Mrs
Browning
essayist will
''
of /Eschylus into
Bound"
Prometheus
Take
Infinite Pains
His whole
seven
tragedies with his work.
English verse.
He
will read all that he
Potter.
translated
been
have
by Dean
find on
the subject of which
he is
can
of
of other works
For good translations
Like
Bacon's
he
treating.
good
reader,
the ancient classical writers in editions at
will "weigh and consider"
what
he reads,
moderate
price the reader is referred to so that his own
be formed
opinion may
Universal
Library, published by with
Morley's
to
judgment. .Before commencing
Messrs
Routledge; Everyman's Library the actual writing of the
it is a
essay,
the Temple
Classics, published by
and
skeleton or outout
line
a
good plan to draw
lished
Messrs
Dent; the World's Classics, pubof its main
features.
This method
by Henry Frowde ; and the Scott
is advocated
by Whately in his admirable
tiibrary,
publishedby Walter Scott, Ltd. "Elements
his words
of Rhetoric," and
the matter
are
on
worthy of reproduction.:
be added," he
It should
as
a
says,
Lord Macaulay calls one
Tierney,whom
it be
rule for all cases, whether
practical
of the
fluent debaters
most
ever
known,
for practice'
exercise that is written
an
baid he never
in Parliament
rose
without
real occasake or
sion,
a
composition on some
his knees
knock
Ifeeling
together. It is
that
outline should be first drawn
an
of the compensations of nature
one
called
that
out
skeleton, as it is sometimes
a
the nervous
is to be said.
which
occasion
of what
of the substance
temperament
the trembling is also quq
of The
of the causes
more
brieflythis is done, so that it
'
,t"ratQi'icai
succeas!*
4^^^ ^iitexhibit clearlythe seyereilhead^
"Republic"
is
lilewellynDaviee
on
"
"
"
"
of
a
HOW
TO
READ'.
AND
WRITE,
bf the composition, the better, because
it is important that the whole
of it be
placed before the eye and the mind' in a
small compass,
and
be taken
in, as it
at
a
were,
glance ; and it should be
written, therefore, not in sentences, but
like a table of contents.
Such an outline
should not be alloAved to fetter the writer
of the actual composition,
if,in the course
he find any reason
for deviating from
his
original plan. It should serve
merely as
to mark
out
a, track
a
path for him, not
to
as
confine him.
a
But
the
groove
practice of drawing out such a skeleton
will give a coherence
to the composition,
duo proportion of its several parts, and
a
clear and
a
arrangement of them
easy
such
if one
as
can
rarely be attained
begins by completing one
portion before
thinking of the rest."
DEBATE
11
mighty rhythm of the greatest masters
speech,but every one can make
of human
reasonably
and
means,
right
and
word."
embody
that he knows
what
ho
whether
he has
found
the
These are valuable counsels,
the secret of successful composition.
sure
In putting them
into practice
the young
essayist will find useful help
in "How
to Write
Clearly,"by the Rev.
Edwin
A. Abbott, D.D. (Seeley " Co.
Is
6d). For reference as to doubtful points
of composition
The Queen's English : A
Manual
of Idiom
and Usage," by the late
Dean
Alford, will be found very helpful.
It can
be had
for eighteenpence in
now
Bohn's
Select Library. One
book which
the essayist should
have
constantly at
hand
is an English dictionary. He sliould
refer to it whenever
ho is in doubt
to
as
the precise meaning of a word.
aries
Diction"
cheap nowadays, jind
it is well
All- of the following
recommended:
can
Chambers's
lish
EngDictionary, 12s 6d ; Student's English
Dictionary (Blackie),7s 6d ; Chambers's
New
Century Dictionary, 3s 6d ; Annanmain
introduction,
parts an
tion, dale's
porConcise
English
Dictionary
and
conclusion.
The
introduction
i5s.
(Blackie),
should
should
be long, but
not
clearly
define the object of the essay.
The conclusion
THE
HUMAN
VOICE.
should sura
up the various matters
''I
have
dealt with in the essay, and complete the
Mr
T.
often," says
P*
The
length of an
O'Connor
in one
unity of the whole.
of his articles descriptive
according to the subject
essay will vary
of Parliamentary life, insisted on
It is better, however,
and
the writer.
the voice as one
of the greatest sooircea
than
that it should be too short rather
of
the
of
an
strength
orator, and I think
actual
And
to the
now
as
too
long.
I
have
illustrated
that subon
ject
Before
this
theory
is
my
writing of the essay.
"Undertaken
the essayistwill do well to
by telling an
experience of John
that he has
see
Bright. During the earlier years of my
All Mis Facts in Order.
orator
acquaintance with Bright as an
The
Question
of
Proportion.
This
question of proportion is a very
in an
Its attainment
Important one
essay.
will be considerablyhelped by seeing
that the whole
is divided into three distinct
are
to
have
be
a
good
one.
"
"
"
Let
his various
points on
with
skeleton
his
gramme
propaper,
before
these in their
arrange
Then
let him
start
to
sequence.
proper
Some
write.
essayistsadopt the plan of
writing out their first draft rapidly,and
it sentence
then going over
by sentence.
Others
write
carefully throughout, and
it is written.
as
perfect each sentence
is something to be said for each
There
will probably
plan. The former method
vigorous writing, and
produce the more
be imparted afterwards.
the polish can
well
before
think
The
-essayist should
clear and
writing. If his thoughts are
distinct in his own
mind, he will probably
in
not
to be
them
a
way
express
misunderstood
by his hearers.
him
jot down
slipsof
Clearness
and
him
is the
Main
Thing.
ho had
every
'
Mr
only
member
to
use
has
Speaker,
the
words
begin
to
with
his
Sir,' for him
back, to carry
"
which
speech
"
to
send
thrills down
my
away
my
and
to make
the bond-slave
me
of every
word
he uttered
from
that moment
forward.
But when
I heard Bright
his last speech in Parliam.ako
almost
ment
had
practicallydestroyed all
age
the sweetness, melody, and pc'wer of that
his
beautiful
once
voice, and
speech
seemed
to me
thin, and
commonplace,
And
ineffective.
speaker who has
every
had a good deal of practicewill tell you
that if once
they lose their voice in
speaking their sense
goes with their voice,
and
no
longer able to reason
they are
with
well or
to impress their audience
their ideas."
senses,
little faith
in rules of
very
advised
when
old Scotswoman,
An
John
by
style,"says the Right Honourable
minister to take snuff to keep herself
I have
an
bounded her
unMorley, M.P., "but
it being her
faith in the virtue of cultivating awake
during the sermon,
the direct and preciseexpression. It is regular habit to fall sleep,replied, Wliy
the dinna ye put snuff in th^ sfi^mpn^ man
? '-*
caii
inot everybody, jw^hft
^nmand
*'
I
have
"
HOW
12
WllITB,
Do
though
WRITING.
or
there
writing for tli" press
In
which
general rules
few
DKBATB.
AND
BY
MONEY
MAKE
TO
HOW
READ,
TO
aught
First, as
a
no
will
interest
in
come
with
little
writing
and
you,
(m
success
ginner,"
benew
"Every
Stead,
always writes
time.
fully
care-
writing
DiscourageG
early efforts meet
recognition. Keep on
your
"
Mr
says
the
be
subjects which
are
be
to
not
for years before I
black
received a penny-piece. It is the apprenand
white
Us"
materials.
ticeship
paper
of journalism
vere.
Perseshould
not be too large
The paper
ink.
basket
is one
The
waste-paper
in size qua/rto size at the most, or even
cross
great test of capacity. You must
with
smaller
advantage. A small sheet
when
that to get into print. Then
once
for the compositor or
convenient
is more
in print you
until you
are
can
you
go on
to
for yoar
find some
to pay
can
one
you
operator of a type-settingmachine
That
is the only school of jornialside of the
Write
copy.
handle.
only on one
ism that I know of. It is that in which
be
work
to
the
enables
This
paper.
of those
I graduated, and
most
where
the compositors,
out better among
shared
whom
I know
have
learned their trade.'*
working. Write
and allows of continuous
observed.
to
for
I
nothing.
wrote
"
be able to read
legibly. Printers may
but
are
only mortal, and
they
anything,
much
as
as
writing
you
plain
appreciate
do.
Difficultyin deciphering manuscript
means
will also
By writing legiblyyou
the won-y
of
give
a
great
sentences.
each
separate idea
this
busy
and
force.
world
Write
brevity is
virtue.
Advice.
A Journalist's
W. T.
Mr
That
great livingjournalist,
ary
Stead, offers the followingadvice to literafter
"As
an
exercise,
aspirants:
that
havo
^vritten
an
article,
imagine
you
"
you
a
own
at
bad
to telegraph it to Australia
to be paid out
of your
pound a word
tion
pocket. The process of condensafrom
the diffuse essay style to the
"
crisp, condensed, laconic,
style
nervous
telegram will probably make your
more
meaning stand out much
clearly."
Write
simply. Do not strive after fine
what
have
to
writing. Know
you
say,
of
and
the
it.
say
think
is
When
you
have
made
good point do
what
think
it in italics. If you
it necessary to mark
have expressedyourselfclearlythe reader
will see the point and
out
appreciate it withsuch an
aid.
Do not think it necessary
to
send a long letter to the editor
with
contribution.
If there
are
your
facts which
think
will tend to
any
ycu
bring about its favourable receptionstate
these briefly,but in general it is better
to
allow your
article to speak for itself.
Write
about
what
know.
Phases
of
you
life and character which have come
under
will often
observation
own
furnish
your
splendid copy, jindbe readilyacceptedby
you
0ditOrS"
a
-"
.
with
""^-
-.--..---.:.;:.
".-^.
not
.--^r-
..-._..-
in
Write
to
half
at
for
for
is very
press
little book
a
Richards
that
short
clearness
concisely.In
self
your-
writing
the
To
to
to
save
money-making point
for
finding misprintsin your
sentence
contributes
is money.
the
Year
Use
contributions.
a
time
time, and
loss of
Making:,
Money=
From
a
published by
entitled
crown,
Magazines,"
it."
The
for
writing
periodicals
may
be
of view
well
by
author
the
a
dealt
Grant
"How
""600
points
a
out
popular
business.
profitable
various
very
for
He
himself
back
some
years
has never
made
less than
to
"650
some
from
his writings for thei
"700
a
year
"weeklies"
and
and
his
magazines,
annual
income
is tending much
to rise
rather
than
to
diminish, for his name
is now
to the
getting fairly well known
ture.
public who patronisethat class of literaThe key-note of his advice is that
much
if you
want
to
make
by
money
write what
the public
writing you must
think it ought
wants, and not what
you
what
to want,
want
or
to give it.
you
British publicthat reads," he says,
"The
at the
"every nation's reading audience
terest,
present day is asking for things that inthat are
curious, that are striking,
novel in some
that are
other.
If
or
way
YOTT
prepared
are
to
supply
openings galore for
are
these
you
on
there
many
and
magazines, weekly, monthly,
daily. Every editor will be only too
papers
and
have excellent MSS.
will ask for more."
glad to
and
The
Money
under
Where
also
kind,
for MSS.
often
earned
by
periodicalsan
of something interestingcoming
the personal notice of the writer.
company
photographs can be secured to acthe description so
much
the
sending
account
Alaicet
of that
can
to
better, but
newspapers
in
these
be
or
cases
it is well
to
copyright attaches to
the
pictures. Many photographers make
sums
P^Qsider^^blg
bj sending views oj"
make
sure
that
no
IIJOW TO
Interesting
things of
events
Vy'ntV^,AND
REAO,
the
to
trated
illus-
papers.
Olio of the most
important pointsto be
i*emombered
is
when
writing for money
to see
that your
sent
woa-k
is
to the
publicationfor which it is best suited.
Before sending a manuscript to any paper
it is well to make
onaself familiar with
the class of matter
appearing in it, the
DEBATE,.
13
FOR ESSAYS.
SUBJECTS
The
Choice
Books.
Men
To-Day.
Oliver Cromwell
A
Character
:
Study.
The Uses and Abuses
of Fiction.
British Colonial ExpaJision.
Success in Life: What
is it?
and
Love
Marriage from the Young
MJan's
Point of View.
Some
Living Humorists.
tions.
length and general,style of the contribuand
Holyrood Palace
ita AssociationB.
When
is saved
this is done
Wordsworth's
one
Poetry.
the
disappointment of the
rejection What is a Gentlem.an?
llie Humour
of ScotLand.
which
follows
when
solutely
aban
necessarily
Abraham
Lincoln.
unsuitable
article is sent to any
Robert
Louis Stevenson.
paper.
Hero- Worship.
Gibbon
and His "Great History.
Bimetallism.
A LECTURER'S
EXPERIENCE.
The
Romance
of African Exploration.
Mr
John
used to be
Augustus O'Shea
Sir Philip Sidney.
Dr David
considerable
in
Livingstone.
request as a lecturer on
of Time.
his militaryexperiences. Once, at Dumfries, The Value
Present
Day Fiction.
he came
the platform wearing Wordsworth's
upon
Conception of Nature.
Christian
Sociialism.
he
in his buttonhole
a
daisy, which
Hannibal.
quietly removed
and
and
he
gentlemen,"
held
up.
began, "I
'
modest
wee
a
my hand
this evening from
the
flower
'
of
Privileges of Young
"Ladies
Early English Poetry.
The
Destiny of Man.
and Religion.
I plucked Commerce
The Bearing of Geography
of
hold
in
Robert
History.,
on
Heroism.
Burns."
The
audience
interested, Sir Walter Scott.
was
"Don
Quixote'' and its Author.
the lecturer
and
became
enthralled
as
Great Letter Writer*.
to speak of the national
went
on
poet. Sir John Franklin.
Then, suddenly recollectingthat Burns
Savonarola.
had
nothing to do with his subject,he Mounba,in Scenery.
"
stopped abruptly. And now," said Mr A Nation's Greatness.
The
Uses of Recreation.
v/ill
periences
"I
O'Shea,
proceed to relate my exBrowning's "The
Ring and the Book."But by this time
in the war."
The Song Writers
of the Victorian Era.
fie had
thoroughly engaged the sympathies The Beauties of Nature.
would
not
Irish
of his listeners,who
Humour.
George Eliot's "Adam
min'
Bede"
sidered.
of another
Critically Connear
subject. " Never
grave
"
the war,
gie us
sir," they vociferated
;
The
Chartists.
This exBums!"
And
he did.
Robbie
tempore
The
Nev*'foundIand Fisheries.
afterwards
became
one
oration
France
and
Her
Colonies.
tures.Chariacter Building.
of the most
popular of Mr O'Shea' s lec-
Art
SERIES.
SIXPENNY
LENG'S
Sprigs of Shillelah. (By post 7d.)
Wrangles. {By Post 7d.)
MacPeever
Book.
(By Post 7id.)
Garden
Leng's
(By Post 7d.)
Janette's Mottoes.
of Clay Fisk.
(By Post 7d.)
The AdventiH-es
The
The
People's
Health
Without
Tommy
Brown"
Post
Reform
Sc
j;
Medicine.
A
7d.)
Cookery
Bad
Harvest
Lawson.
of
Sympathy.
Gustavus
Adolphus.
Raihvay and its Development.
The
Conquest of India.
George
Washington.
The
William
9d.)
Prince
(By Post 7id.)
Boy's Memoirs.
(By
The
The
Farel
and
the
(By Post 7^.)
Leo.
Fantasse.
(By
Wellington.
Telephone.
The
By
Moloch.
Mrs
J.
K.
The
English
Milton's
Books^llees
Or from John
and 186 Fleet
and
Newsagents.
Co., Ltd., Diandee,
Leng
StTe"it. London. E.O,
";
Reform.
the
Great.
Amusements:
their Objects and Limitations.
Historic
Associations of our
Neighbourhood.
in
Ireland.
"Paradise
Cycling.
"BiiOM All
Swiss
Henry the Navigator.
Blessings of Friendship.
Elizabethian
Lyrists.
Peter
Book.
of the Hon.
Adventures
Post 7d.)
The
(By Post
Book.
a Pleasure
as
of Life.
W. M. Thackeray.
The
Development of South Africa.
Troubles
and
How
to Meet
Them.
Shop Windows.
'The
Mystery of Evil.
Clothes as an Index
to Character.
Ralph Waldo
Emerson.
Self-Help.
Kailyaird Fiction.
The
Border Ballads,
Lost.*'
HOW
14
The
of
Commerce
Love.
The
the
READ.
TO
.1 ;
Rest.
d
'
^
Thrift.
:oan Civil War.
A'
The
Charle-j li addon
Spurgeon.
of Travel.
Future
The
be
New
Markets
Where
can
Electric Telegraph.
The
and its Lessons.
Architecture
Tlie Compensations of Life.
Found?
Gypsies.
Garfield.
President
The Fall of Jerusalem.
Habit.
of Biography.
'I'he Uses
Courage.
Cobbett.
William
Gladstone's
Mr
from
Lessons
Great Artists of the Victorian
Life.
Erau
Whittier, the Quaker Poet.
ilie Discovery of America.
Burn",bv's Ride to Khiva.
the World.
Early Voyarres Round
Johnson."
Boswell's
"
Business Qualifications.
Tolstoi.
Tbe Iliad of Homer.
Angling.
and
His
Nansen
Journeys.
and its Asscciations.
Venice
Grenviile and the
Sir Richard
The
IMiarcus Aurelius.
The Battle of Thermopylae.
Owe
What
to the Greeks^
we
Letters.
Eiarly Australian
Consolations
"Tempest."
Sfciakespeare's
*'
Revenge."
of Patriotism.
Poetry
The
of Arnold.**?
Stanley's "Life
of Fashion.
The Tyranny
Explorers.
of Poetry.
of Russia.
Growth
Twain's
Mark
Humour.
British
Beautiful
Buildings.
The
Indian
Mutiny.
St Columba.
Building Societies: Their Advantages
The
Duty.
Oariyleas
an
Influence
on
H. M.
Stanley and His
of Glasgow.
Growth
The
English Literature.
Explorations.
Heroines.
Some
of Shakespeare's
The
Geology of Our Own
Neighbourhood.
Humorists.
Modern
American
Admiral.
Greatest
Nelson : Our
Horatio
in Our
VicVndalism
Day.
The
English Puritans.
Spenser's
The
Stephenson.
George
Influence.
Personal
The
World's
Coal.
Galleries.
Educational
Value
of Art
Brotherliness.
John
Wesley.
Citizenship: Its Duties and Privileges.
The
Songs of Ireland.
The
Manufacture
of Paper.
Our Tea
Supplv.
We
Got Our
Bible.
How
The Invention
of Printing.
The Poets of Australia.
of Russia.
Growth
{Sunday Observance.
The
Cowper's
Poetry.
Man.
land the Art
of Printing.
William
Caxton
Men
The
of the " Mayflo7"rer."
The
Crusaders.
The
of Flowers.
Charm
and
Climate
Character.
Charles Darwin.
The French
Revolution.
Genius.
An
Ideal Woman.
Luck
and Labour.
Tbe Elizabethan
Dramatists.
The Friendship of Books.
How
to Use
a
Microscope.
an
Astronomy : What
Opera Glass will SboWSome
Great
Engineering Achievements.
Nihilism.
Life.
Tbe
Pathos
of Human
Commercial
Slavery.
Culture.
Pagan
The Art of Conversation.
The
Message of Ruskin.
Manners.
"Idylls of tlie King."
Tennyson's
Dickens.
Charles
Pleasures of Travel,
The
of Poverty.
The Causes
"Walden."
Thorcau's
is Produced.
How
Newspaper
a
Luther.
Martin
Arnold
ia.s a Critic.
Matthew
Rudyard Kipling's Tales.
Browninf?: as a Christian Teacher,
The
His
Longfellow and
Darkest Africa.
Letters.
Anonymous
Aphorisms.
of
The, Brotherhood
Cremation.
a r
Prayer.-
Hobbies.
Napoleon Bonaparte.
of i"port.
Abuse
The
La b 0
DEOBATE.;
of
George Muller and the PoWer
Lands
yet Unexplored.
An
in a Picture Gallery.
Hour
Romans.
of Chivalry.
FnaJikiin.
Age
Benjamin
Money.
ANB^
WHITE,
Place
"
Fairy
Queen."
of Periodical
Literature
'Admiral
Blake.
The
of the Pbor.
Housing
Pole.
The Search for the North
1 Spent my
How
Holidays.
Ambition.
Hypnotism as a Curative Force.
in Reading.
advantages
and Dis-
Dignity of Labour.
The
in tho Victorian Era.
Povv'er of the Press.
Arbitration.
International
Richard
of Nature.
Jefferies, a Lover
Times.
and
His
Shakespeare
The
Influence
of Scenery on Character*
Goethe's
"Faust.'\
The
Motives
to Literary Exertion.(
Patriotism.
Drama
The
The
'
War.
Rudyard
ENTERTAINING
Kiplingr'sPoetry.
Moorish
Civilisiation.
Heroines
in Humble
Life.
Wealth.
The Commerce
of the Phoenicians,
Tlie Freeing of the Slave.
The
Wars
of tiie Roses*
is
a
age.
grand
No
solace
better
than
"
FICTION
in thig
stories
the
People's Journal."
weekly.
penny
busy, hard-working
are
splendid
Sold
to
be
serials
had
where
any-
in
tha
everywhere.
,Ona
flow
READING
3l well-conducted
circle
reading
beneficial institution
ia most
and
CIRCLES,
be
can
its
to
bers.
mem-
The
help
system induces mutual
those adopting
encouragement among
is rendered
it,and reading by this method
interestingthan solitary reading.
more
America
led the way
has
in the
DEBATE.
AND
\VRITB,
READ.
TO
15
studios.
Members
at
are
liberty to
difficulties they may
meet
submit
any
with in their reading, and careful criticism
is gladlygiven on
written work
any
to do in connection
with it.
they may care
While
no
correspondencesystem can equal
oral teaching, the
Union
uncloubtedly
supplies valuable assistance for private^
students.
tion
introduc-
The
Courses
of Reading
and the
circlefi,
Chautauqua
of
to the wants
prescribed
according
vary
neer
Literary and Scientific Circle," the pio^
those
them
include
take
and
likely
;
up
institution
of the kind, exercises
a Young
the other
People'sSection, General Course,
side of
influenco on
enormous
In this country the leading Speci"flCourses, and
the Atlantic.
an
Introductory
Home
Reading
body is the National
Course
intended
section
specially for
is so well conducted, and
Union, which
New
Courses
are
working women.
offers so many
advantages, that smaller
drawn
in each section,an(^
"
of such
circles will find it to their advantage to
According to the
co-operate with it.
formed
has been
Union
the
prospectus,
of developing a taste for
for the purpose
and
Instructive
Recreative
Reading
and
all claesea of the community,
among
Study to definite ends,
directing Heme
hand to check the spread
the one
on
as
the young,
of perniciousliterature
among
ot
the other to remedy the waste
and on
often found
so
and lack of purpose
energy
and
time
have
those who
tunity.
opporamong
in
These
objects are as much
so
at
as
they were
need of promotion now
of the Union;
perhaps even
the start
flood
more
so, for the largelyaugmented
of
be
must
literature
cheap
an
to the
increasing embarrassment
reader. The
up evei-y year
addition
of
to these
a
large number
on
a
"Supplementary Courses"
variety
of subjects are
The
always available.
in
notes
the
magazines are
supplied
guished
by competent nay, even
highly distinauthorities
the various
jects.
subon
The
in September,
session opens
and it is well for all intending membeni
to make
applicationabout that time of
the
be
can
3'ear, although tlie Union
Full
joined at any time.
particulars
be obtained
from the Secretary, I\Iis9
can
A.
M.
Read,
Surrey House, Victoria^
Embankment, London, W.C.
in
"
"
ever-
THERE
unguided
in
IS
SOiMETHINQ
everybody knows, thd
has consistently
endeavoured
Objects of the Union
to justifyits title. It is the
and
draw
up
stated to be" I. To
are
and
people'sjournal. The working man
the
to
of
adapted
reading
find in it a fearless
publish courses
the working woman
and
tastes
requirements of different advocate and a staunch sympathiser. Its
classes of readers, especially(a) Young
mission is to make
homes
brighter,lives
II. To lish
pub- happier, and
v/orld
better.
Its
the
People,(b)General Readers.
for
the
various
the
of
classes
books,
prescribed
readers
to
answers
other
helps. III. To issue
have completed
Certificates to those who
to render
and
of
study,
regular courses
assistance
as
experience
further
such
To
be
to
practicable. IV.
sho^vs
Assembly
summer
each
and,
year
as
Journal"
hundred
the
found
in every
does thia
globe. What
the
mean?
"People's
Simply that
Journal"
is valued
by the people whose
That
is yours,
it espouses.
cause
cause
not already a reader
and if you are
yon
readers
are
counted
thousand, and
quarter of the
questions,
introductions
and
organisea
name,
"People's
monthly magazines giving
to
a
should
begin at
are
by
to
be
once.
at
which
interest, at
The
advantage to a speaker of a wellwill be delivered by experiencedstored
Lectures
in a
mind
is strikinglyshown
cursions
and Exteachers. Social Gatherings held,
John
orator
that
tribute which
great
season
The
some
centre
of
arranged.
begins with September.
reading
Sir Ed*
Bright paid to Mr Gladstone.
scriptions
subhis
book
of
reminiscences
Russell
in
ward
zines
low, and the monthly magaare
of
records that Mr
entitled
Bright, in the course
are
the members
to which
of Mr:
always
spoke
conversations,
fees
the
worth
many
charged.
in themselves
are
if he were
on
a
as
higherlevels
Gladstone
The
magazines aim at doing as far as
it is easy for him," he would
say;
National
"Oh,
the
of
members
the
possiblefor
"
has everything in It, and hQ
his mind
Home
Reading Union what would be done
the steam."
on
has only to turu
of their
by a good tutor if be had charge
The
annual
sow
TO
IU2AI", WRITE.
turning up
is only the
AND
he proceeds.
as
It
-vvould-bo speaker "w^ho
young,
expects to be great withoui
or
eflPort,
whose
vanity leads him to impose upon
others the belief that ho is "o, who affects
to
Gather
despise preparation.
relevant
knowledge everywhere.
Every
DEBAl'E.
A
...
Good
17
Plan
of
Preparation.
The
the method
of preforegoing was
paration
adopted by a supremely great
orator; it is obvious that it will scarcely
be suited to less gifted
The
persons.
method
of a
less celebrated
speaker is
is indebted
to others for much
man
mation. described in the
inforfollowingextract from a
Preparation is power ; letter
Lord
his first speech in
on
by
does the hesitation
nor
which
the desire
Parliament:
chosen
for
''Having
of exactness
sometimes
tell
begets
against
the speaker."
all the
debates
topic, I read
my
and
pamphlets which could throw
Arrange Vour Facts Logically.
light
any
ledge,
knowHaving acquired the necessary
it, and wrote veiy niunerous
notes
upon
the speaker must
that it is presee
When
this part of the,
sented while reading.
in a convincing way.
Logic is labour was
accomplished I reviewed the (
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
"
the basis of oratoi-y,for no
sensible man
is moved
to action unless he sees
a
reason
for it. Genius
in argument
consists in
seeing relevances and in enabling others
to
them."
see
One
of the
most
necessary
is
clearness
of expression or
lucidity. He
must
have
clear meaning in his own
a
mind, and see that it is transferred to the
minds
of his hearers.
High-sounding
phrases carry no weight unless they are
intelligible. He should inflexiblykeep
himself to the main
argument, and beware
of obscuring it by the
of
introduction
eide issues.
this the speech
To ensure
should be carefullyplanned beforehand^
of
qualifications
How
Very
Mr
the
public speaker
Gladstone
interesting is
given by Sir Edward
Prepared.
the
information
Hamilton, who was
Mr
Glad^stone,as to
notes, and
arranged
in
which
order
an
mind.
my
them
had
I then
cast
next
care.
under
heads,
suggested itself
out
all
tc
that
appeared
to be irrelevant
and whatever
did
not make
straightfor the point at which ,
I wished to aim.
To make
a short schodulai
of the various heads, together with memo'
rauda of some
embellishments
and illustra*
tions, was
my
And
schedule
was
accustom
myself
to
various
Then
I
wrote
when
thil
clearly imprinted on my;
mind
I frequentlyspoke the speech over,
to myself whilst out
walking, in order to
modes
of expression.
the whole'
out
speech,bestowing particular attention
on
and
the
on
peroration.^
I learnt these two
And, lastly,
parts by;
looked again at the rest"
heart, but never
of my
The
speech."
following advice
the
exordium
Private
Secretary to
given by the lat" John Richard
Green,
how
that
prepared his the
great statesman
historian, is as valuable for speakers
stone
speeches. **The way in which Mr Gladfor writers:
"Take
as
the public,as it
his speeches
sot to work
to prepare
into your
confidence ;" write to tliem
were,
that
which
is in
was
very different to
if they knew
much
as
as
do youras
you
self,
ally
occasionHe
known
modern
was
vogue.
but in your
assume' that
mind
own
to paper
to commit
a
;
peroration
they know nothing."
wrote
but he never
out
a
speech in his
"
rehearse
still less did he ever
a
The matter
writer.
a shorthand
to which, when
preparing a speech, he
the construction
attention
most
was
gave
in thif^
or
arrangement of it ; and it was
other
that
he
than
more
any
respect
skill as an oratorical
showed
consummate
artist. When
he had settled the outline
life,and
speech to
his thonghts wei-e
trated
concenand the
the order of materials
on
This process of
of argument.
sequence
often
incubation
was
undergone, more
tomed
he was
than
not, when
taking his accussolitaryv/alks. He then proceeded
on
to jot down
notepaper the heads of
rather
to say, or
he intended
that which
of catclnvords, which
number
certain
a
but
rather
enigmatical to any one
were
actual
The
himself.
clothing of his
tion
thoughts in words was left to the inspiraof the moment,
knowing full well
that his inexhaustible store of language
fail him."
would
never
of
a
Have
And
Little to do
now
the
to
as
with
Notes.
question
of
notes.]
The
less you have
to do with
theso
better.
T. V7. Higginson, an
Mr
A mer
can,
who
advice
"
put
on
Never
an
record
some
publicspeaking, lays
en
rule,
speech
has
carry
audience."
a
thef
i-|
excellent
down
\
the
fore
bescrap of paper
That
tish
eloquent Scot-
preacher, Dr Tliomas
to
a
young
with
pense
immense
that
"
"
'
are
you
of those
Guthrie,writing
advisinghim to dis*"
MS. in the pulpit,said
On"
advantage of not
reading' is
minister
more
free
to
avail
yourself
thoughts and
varieties which
the
animation
and
heat of the pulpit naturally
the
soul
is excited,
give. When
and
thoughts,
even
language, acquire a
brilliancywhich they cannot
the
cahnness
of the
study."
W^hately also gives good advice much
to
fire and
have
in
the
same
a
effect.
HOW
18
Voice
The
We
treatment.
"
And
here
:
given by
^
first rule
with
be
Do
:
the
to
much
too
"Our
"
would
it, for
nothing
about
is
voice
sweetest
:
voice
ix.e
its
advice
wise
Spnrgeon
regard
think
not
recollect
j"nd
Tve
Mr
late
and
voice
the
DEBATE.
whole
audience, Whately gave tlie
of
advice
looking at the most
Where
this plan
distant of the hearers.
is followed
the voice will usually take
"
in
of itself.
care
Daily watchfulness
speech," says Mr
Holyoake, '' is of the
the
Its Treatment.
to
the
:
and
oome
next
ANt)
WUrTB,
READ,
TO
simple
Ordinary
greatest importance.
*should
whether
a
be
well
sation
conver-
clearly spoken
and
an
or
question, an answer,
On the other
anecdote, every word should be carefully
little of jour
and
said.
Habitually audible
voice.
Exceedingly precious truths may
will
to
make
it
accurate
in*
delivered
speech
easy
be greatly marred
by being
does well
one
of the
speak in public. What
Avoid
the use
tones.
any
monotonous
tinct in daily life, he will do well in public,
Disof speech.
an
nose
as
organ
do it
is far
more
utterance
important and have confidence that he can
Do
than wind
give a word a fair well."
power.
in your
its back
break
Do
not
chance.
Keep Up the Voice.
without
\i.
something to
think
hand, do not
'
""
say.
too
.
.
vehemence,
in
not
need
You
speak in a
well.
in order
voice
to be heard
Suit
tones.
Modulate
your
your
loud
haste.
to
all, in
everything
inost
.
to
in
a
also
who
Bon,
natural
a
says
that
the
remarks
offer.
to
key,
Mr
way,"
conversational
emphasised by
advice
good
have
speak
Always
it
find
We
all who
almost
"
be
speaker.
a
.
and
in
stilted eloquence are
and
gone
recommends
the following method
conversational
for securing this natural
"
be
to
:
Suppose the occasion
manner
have
You
somebody by
a
public dinner.
talking.
side to whom
vour
you have been
"
him
natural,
manner
your
and
if you
undoubtedly
along
carry
was
only
can
tional
public speech that conversaprivate talk, the
style of your
is gained. How,
then, to achieve
into
your
battle
that result ?
this
In
simple
dropped
This
bad
at the
is
habit
Lord-Chief-
less
becoming
frequent.
of the
best
Coleridge, one
modern
The
orators, said
only rule
of
have
by
Justice
followed
way
trive
Con-
:
is
taught
Bishop Blomfield, of London, many
He
was
a
ago.
great orator, and
ever
one
me
I
years
had
a
most
beautiful
of
and
effective
mode
he always
that
speaking. He told me
voice ;
spoke in his natural conversational
allowed
himself
to
never
get into a
falsetto,and always kept his voice equably
Samuel
of his sentence."
up to the end
Higgindays of Brandram,
pompous
by. He
To
a
be
not
sentence.
"
natural, is perhaps the
be given
of
all that
can
important
advice,
should
voice
of
"
Natural.
Be
This
your
natural."
be
The
end
now
always, and, above
matter
your
.
.
.
voice
.
.
.
legs
it off its
run
or
.
M.A., the famous
the followingadvice
gave
voice
voice:
"The
should
as
elocutionist,
regards the
from
come
up
should be thrown
up, so to
speak, from the lowest part of the lungs,
it can
when
be not only heard
with ease
and
be made
without
fatigue, but can
and
to form
all those infinite modulations
what
inflexions which
ia
to
produce
go
"
called ' expression.'
"
the
THE
chest, and
PROFUNDITY
OF
CLEAR
IDEAS.
I have
the maxim
heard
laid down
to
neighbour
to
over
by
your
say
it
the thought, whatever
conversationally
somebody, and earnestlymaintained, that
to
begin your
is, with which j^ou mean
clear idea is a little idea."
I am
a
cordingly
acrise to
you
public speech. Then, when
down
set
third-fate
as
a
or
speak, say merely what will be perfectly fourth-rate kind of
cause
beby
person
the
many,
to
just saying
gentleman
true, I was
I condescend
to
write intelligibly.
that
sits beside
me
,' and then
who
But
I
old-fashioned
am
to admire
enough
You
remark
over
again.
you repeat your
whose
remarks
taken
in and
are
of your
the last words
thus make
private Bacon,
assented
to by pereoais of ordinarycapacity,
of
the
first words
public
talk
your
and
seem
nothing very profound ;
is
manner
address, and the conversational
"
'
but
secured."
when
to reflect and
comes
his faculties
enlarge, he
then sees
in them
more
than
he did at
still as
he
advances
first; and more
of Bacon's
further, his admiration
fundity
proa
man
observe, and
of the
Advantages
Conversational
Manner.
advantages
The
will
manner
For
heard
In
natural
easily heard, and,
most
is the
order
that
conversational
the
found
be
thing, a
o^ie
of
to^ be numerous.
delivery is the
of
first essential
the
voice
course,
of
should
to"be
speaking.
carry
to
increasing,as
intellectually.Bacon's
the
the
the
he
seven-league boots,
the dwarf,
giant or
dwarf
in them.
"
cannot
Rxchard
take
himself
gi'ows
is
wisdom
like
which
would
fit
except only that
the same
stride
Whately.
KOW
SOCIET
TO
WRITE.
READ,
IMPROVEMENT.
THEIR
STRENGTH
AND
WEAKNESS.
and
readers.
for
Much
has
been
said
both
and
against Literary and Debating
be little doubt
Societies,yet there can
that
when
Societies
members.
th"
19
little book
is designed to be a
of
popular guide for the members
Literary, Debating, Fellowship,
Superficialityand Self-Conceit.
other Mutual
Improvement Societies,
Other objections
which
are
urged against
also to render
assistance
to general
these
Societies
that
are
they tend to
THIS
and
DEBATE.
and
truly energetic style; and h" will
have been qualifyinghimself only for the
'Lien's part' in the interlude of Pyramus
and
Thisbe."
The
full strength 'of the
learned
Archbishop's objection is seen
it is remembered
when
that
the Lion's
"
ing."
part referred to was
nothing but roar-
MUTUAL
FOR
AND
wisely
are
of
Those
conducted
great
who
proceedingsof
benefit
these
to
their
heartily into
enter
foster
No
and self-conceit.
superficiality
such
sometimes
objections are
justified
they are objectionswhich
; but
other
might be
urged against many
doubt
modern
institutions
Societies.
Debating
besides
Superficialityis
one
the
of
Society are likelyto vices of our
Solid
reading, for
age.
have
their faculties developed in many
example, is fast becoming the exception,
The
will and
preparation of papers
ways.
snippetty journalism holds almost
give valuable
practice in composition, general sway.
Upon the devotees of this
ing
at a Debatand
_will infuse
reading, attendance
directness
into
the
a
scrappy
is
not
to
react
Society
unlikely
I9^r iter's
will be found
of
study which
and against superficiality.
Let
beneficially
The
cussions
great benefit.
listeningto th" disthe members
of these Societies inflexibly
will show
him
the various
views
adheie
to th" two
followingrules, and it
which
be held on
the same
can
subject, is unlikely that their membership will
and
th" occasional
(1)
taking part in such produce in them anything but good!^:
^i^ever speak without
conviction ; (2)
a
discussions
will help to develop in him
As
never
speak against your convictions.
the power
of public speaking. Perhaps
to self-conceit,wholesome
criticism in a
valuable
than
more
any of the foregoing Debating Society is often
excellent
an
a
"
benefits is the
mutual
stimulus
and
en-
in
Douragement exerted by the members
regard to the study of literaryand social
on
questions. The
hearing of papers
also greatly broaden
man's
outlook.
Such
few
are
a
ji young
of th" benefits conof th" most
obvious
ferred
rarious
subjectswill
by such
admitted
that
value.
Societies, and
thay
are
of
no
it will be
inconsiderable
curb
Th"
we
Against Debating
question has
find
well
another
stated
in
of such
growth
More
Societies
Many
Archbishop
vice.
Wanted.
been
noticeable
in
Societies.
side, which
a
Literary,Debating, and other Mutual
Lnprovement Societies are not nearly s"3
as
numerous
they ought to be, and it is
hoped that this little book will tend to
their increase.
Strange to say, it is in
th" big towns
that the greatest fallingoff
has
JReasons
to the
now
of the
most
to b" found
recent
years.
Societies
flourishing
in
country
districts.
are
No
doubt
th" numerous
counter
attractions
of in the towns
Whately's excellent book, " Elements
have had an
ence
inimical influRhetoric."
facuimen's
"When
such Societies.
on
Evening classes
young
"
of the most
in an
immature
are
away
state, have also drawn
bies,"he says,
many
Where
it is a question of
likelymembers.
and their knowledge scanty, crude, and
struction
attending a class in which systematic inimperfectly arranged, if they are
maturely
preis given, or of becoming a member
into
habit of fluent
hurried
a
of a Literary or
Debating Society
likely to retain where many
elocution, they are
subjectsmay be dealt with in
of a session,a young
will
man
through life a careless facilityof pouring the course
forth ill-digested
probably find it to his advantage to choose
thoughts in well-turned
cautioufBut
attendance
at
the class.
aversioii to
an
evening
phrases, and
has acquired classes ought not to prevent a young
man
man
For when
a
retiection.
that habit of ready extemporaneous speak- from
participatingin the benefits of a
Mutual
consists in tliinldngextempore,
Society. There
Improvement
ino- which
the
be more
and self-confidence will should
co-operation between
both his indolence
it would
for the toil of carefully classes i nd th" Societies, and
indispose him
is a valuable
preparing his matter, and of forming for then be found that the one
of the other.
timself,
by practice in writing, a precise comoiement
HOW
20
Should
Societies
!RElAI",WRn-E,
TO
HOW
to
According
Vary
T"'KBATE.
ATm
TO
There
be
is no
tastes, and
an
ordinary
an
fail,a local
Literary Society may
successful ; where
prove
may
be made
should
Where
and
tricts on
dis-
different
and
It is
is
failure
Different
endeavour
these.
meet
of the
cause
needs
different
which, it
lines
bodiee.
of these
have
to
the
been
feared, have
of many
SOCIETY.
Societyshould
a
the hum-drum
on
run
why
reason
A SUCCESSFUL
HAVE
Circumstances.
impossibleto lay do\^n
any
fast rules for the successful
of
will
Society. What
be entirely out
a
may
another.
where
We
find
all
almost
suit
of
Societies
the
hard
carrying
one
trict
dis-
place
in
flourishing
circumstances
are
against them ; while others in favourable
ment
Parliaand
out
a
weary
bating surroundings drag
Dea
While
and
existence.
hard
languishing
of
port,
suplanguishfor want
may
fast rules cannot
therefore
be
stated,
a
Dramatic
Society may
a
prove
there are
for
numerous
principles
making
educational
medium, and so on.
valuable
it would
bo well for those
success
to which
ties
nowadays these SocieTo hold their ov/n
interested in Societies to turn
their attention.
vancing
be real living institutions, admust
First, as to the meeting place.
and
times
the
with
adapting Get a cheerful room
deavour
if at all possible.Ento
themselves
changing circumstances.
to add
to its attractiveness
by
be alive to the surpassmust
The
members
ing
little decorative
effects.
A Society that
vidual
indiof
drama
the
of
interest
great
to flourish will have
means
is being
life which
national
and
terested
them ; they should be inLady Members,
enacted around
in the problems of their day, and
and to them
such work may
be entrusted.
busy themselves over their solution.
It is not a bad plan to supply light refreshments.
Club
been
has
A
cup of tea can
do
cost, and may
Readers.
and
to Students
Advice
of this little
taken
Advantage
some
to put into circulation
and
to
advice
as
study
ipeeded
much-
book
at
small
Here
also the
will
of
assistance
found"
be
be
provided
good.
much
lady
invaluable.
members
The
young
needlework
or
treading.
to the meeting, and
be busy
can
knitting
euch advice, for in the unceasing ^"yw of while the
bating
business of the Literary or Deissuingfrom the printing
reading matter
The
Society is being carried on.
reader
that
selection of office-bearers is a matter
presses of the world, the unguided
should be carefullygone
Whether
about.
without
be
is not
swamped
unlikely to
them
be men
in thorough
baving an opportunity of refreshinghim- old or young, let
with
who
are
men
sympathy
men,
young
of
streams
nevereelf at those pellucid
in the cause
of the Society,
enthusiastic
failing delight the great books of the and men
whom
depend upon being
you can
of
useful
and
advice
a
.world. Other
in
The
Chairman
all weathers.
present
it
is
has been added, and
varied nature
and the Secretary are
important
specially
vice
hoped that this book will be of real sertheir
further notes on
and some
officials,
individual
to
readers, writers, duties will be found hereafter.
The work
students, and speakers,as well as to the of the
Society should be well distributed
it is
various kinds of Societies for which
for a
the
It is bad
members.
among
^designedto form a band-book.
falls into
Society v/hen the management
the
hands
of a clique. The allotting of
was
there
YOU
LIVE
Never
general
need
more
of
women
bring
can
their
"
some
IF
i-^mote from
the
where
will often
of
towns,
Free
be
needn't
Ltd., Dundee
and
far
so
largo
issued
in themselves.
loss
in
There
are
as
a
But
series
by John
London,
ber
duty, hov/ever small, to every memto strengthen the Society.
sure
quarter
a
unknown,
is
concerned.
The
be.
Handbooks
a
is
reference
and
Library
at
is
of
you
work
you
A
should
be
Visitation
appointed to
and
members
For
members.
Committee
visit
endeavour
success
non-attending
to
secure
new
in this latter aim
Penny
is nothing to equal personal invitathere
tion.
Co.,
Unless the Society is exceptionally
are
a
library strong, fortnightlymeetings will be preferable
handbooks
o-n
in this
Elsewhere
to weekly ones.
Leng
"
is made
of the
ting, bock
the value
comment
on
cookery, housekeeping, dressmaking,knitnected
draughts,reading, and writing, and practice of making the syllabus a conable
suitschema
of study, and where
humour, gardening,
Rebating, wit and
are
other subjects.
forthcoming for the
iiome pets, and numerous
persons
be no
there can
Ask your newsagent for a list and makp
carrying on of the work
your
choice.
doubt
of
the
excellence
of
this
plan,;
HOW
TO
WRITE,
READ,
AND
n
DEBATEt
however, will preferthe
LKEanySocieties,
it
ordinary mixed syllabus,in which case
debaters
and speakers. Argument
young
should lead to the discoveryof the truth.
view
Be
fiihould be drawn
witJti a
to
sincere.
Be honest.
Seek the truth.
up
Never
When
variety. Lectures, essays, and debates
speak against conviction.
should bo well intermixed.
The subjects these precepts are
observed
there is little
of these should
attractive.
chance
of
be fresh and
a
Society being wrecked
Present-day problems should be tackled. through the introduction of pors-onalitiea.
Their discussion
does valuable
service in To indulgein personal references is a con-"
their refession of weakness.
No
to
sponsibilities
as
educating the members
man
perhapfii
Social evenings, had more
citizens.
as
personalitieshurled against him
musical
tions,
than Mr
Gladstone, yet in his long careen
evenings, magic-lantern exhibidiscussions
of
recent
the
most
only one
charge of imputation, Mr Holyoake
books
all ways
are
by which a syllabus
brought against him, and
says, was
be brightened.
that was
described
that he had
an
may
ponent
op"certain"
The atas
tainment
a
person.
Cultivate
Friendly Feelinj:.
of truth being the object of a
Much
of the success
of a Society will Society,every method
should be taken to
further that object.
wise
'dependupon the friendlyfeelingor othermembers.
which
the
exists among
Kelp One Another.
all
that
is likelyto lead
Quarrellingand
Members
should be encouraged
to state
it should
be steadily discouraged.
to
their difficulties in order that the collective
Tliere should be no wrangling over
points
wisdom
of the Society may
lead to
mental
All such is exceedingly detriof form.
their solution.
Some
Societies have question
Mutual
to a
Society'ssuccess.
members
have
departments, where
be
and
consideration
regard should
certain sections of knowledge allotted to
Chairman
The
or
them
such as biography,history,litera^
actively fostered.
are
Secretary should see that members
ture, science. Scripture in regard to
introduced
deavour which
to one
another, and should enthey are expected to answer
tions
questo promote a feelingof esprit de
by the other members.
put to them
should be tolerant
Older members
Of course, notice has to be given of such
corps.
with
the younger
and
considerate
bers,
memquestions in order that the answerer
may
rather doing everythingto encourage
be prepared. The
foregoing hints, it is
than
take
them
to
ful
hoped, will be helpfulin ensuring successpart in discussion
cism
Crititheir
feel
Societies. Much, however, will depend
them
inferiority.
making
be tempered with
are
should
judgment upon the spiritby which the members
Admiration
There
,and mercy.
A Mutual
are
Societies which are
Society animated.
to the districts in which they
is by no means
to be desired, but there is real blessings
situated.
it and the Society are
wide
They do not stop short at
a
gulf between
where
; but
brutally frank and personal criti- seekingthe welfare of their members
for the pooi:
jcism is to be heard.
promote such entertainments
as
readings, and lantern
concerts, penny
Think
No Evil.
exhibitions.
They have their reward in
the
members
man's
which
the deeper interest
with
a
not
We
agree
may
of the Societies.
take in the work
credit
him
should
give
opinions,but we
G. J.
Mr
for sincerityin holding them.
Public
Mr
Gladstone
on
Speaking.
mirable
veteran
reformer, gives adHolyoake, the
asked
On one
occasion Mr Gladstone
was
a
advice as to the spiritin which
the
hints
for
of
on
art
by a correspondent
"Do
should
be conducted.
discussion
He
tically
characterisreplied
public speaking.
disparage an opponent,
not," he says,
with
some
on
a
"
"
"
"
postcard,
ments
fraghis views,
mis-state
them :
of suggestion"as he termed
verbal
of
sake
a
and
(1) Study plainnessof language, alv/ays
thus, for the
sole
Your
preferringthe simpler word.
triumph, produce ill-feeling.
businessis with what he says, not how he
(2) Shortness of sentences.
Your
aim
it.
(3)Distinctness of articulation.
why he says
says it, nor
should
lose
(4) Test and question your own
be that the audience
should
argu-*
beforehand, not waiting for critic
sight of the speakers,and be possessed ments
who
or
that those
opponent.
the subject; and
with
shall depart
a
thorough digestion and
(5) Seek
the partisans of persons
come
with
^of
subject,and rely
familiarity
your
the partisans
principles.
lies not in destroying
mainly on these to prompt the proper
Controversial wisdom
the adversary, but in destroyinghis words.
that if you
to sway
are
ridiculous,but
(6) Remember
not in making him
error
Tliese an
wise."
audience
the audience
in making
you must, besides thinking
jTords should be taken to heart by all out your matter, watch them all along.
or
strain
his words,
.
"
.
.
HOW
2a
Literary
a
Debating
and
drafting of
The
WHITE.
HEAD.
CONSTITUTION
OUTLINE
For
TO
constitution
a
HOW
Society.
the
a
adapted
wants
:
and
local
suit
to
TO
For
the
successful
business
be
is
of
on
a
provement
Im-
Mutual
will be found
The
of
lowing
fol-
suitable for the
majority of Societies ; but modifications
quirements
can
easilybe made to meet particularre:
The
other
eminently desirable.
order
particular
"
Name.
carrying
Society, a well-defined order
by
Constitution.
I.
A MEETING,
CONDUCT
bye- Literary,Debating, or
and
Society will be facilitated
can
folloAving outline, which
laws, for
DEEATm
AND
be called the
ciety.
Debating So-
Societyshall
1. The
"
'
be looked upon
as
may
the Chairman
takes
when
his seat
and calls the members
to order.
The
n.
Object.
object of the Society Yvhere the rules of the Societyprescribea
method
of opening the meeting, such a
bers
shall be the improvement of its memwill,of course, be followed.
in debating and publicspeaking, method
will
call
Chairman
lectual, 2. The
the
of their intelthe
furtherance
and
upon
to
minutes
of
read
the
last
ment.
advancemoral
and
Secretary
social,
meeting,
meeting. Besides the last ordinary
of any
these will include the minutes
All persons desirous of
Membership.
HI,
since held.
The
reading
of the Society shall specialmeeting
becoming members
should distinctlyask
the Chairman
over,
nary
ordiat an
seconded
be proposed and
the meeting if the minutes
confirmed.
are
their
admission
meeting, and
It will then
be in order for any member
next
at
shall be decided
meeting by
dissatisfied with
the
minutes
to
move
ballot in their temporary absence.
their correction,and should such criticism
office-bearers
The
IV." Office-bearers.
be upheld by the meeting the
Secretary
Viceof a Chairman,
a
shall consist
amend
the
minutes
must
accordingly.
surer
Chairman, a Secretary, and a TreaShould
the meeting confirm
the minutes
shall be elected
each of whom
It
signed by the Chairman.
they are
by ballot.
should be noted, however, that the confirmation
of the minutes
does not
imply
jy. Amendments.
Any proposalto amend
the foregoing constitution can only be
approval of the proceedings recorded in.
are
a
has been given them, but merely that the minutes
discussed after notice
took place. A perrecord of what
teration
altrue
no
at the preceding meeting, and
son
who
unless
not
was
made
shall
be
present at the meeting
minutes
record
is not
of
of
which
the
are
two-thirds
a
of
sanctioned
vote
a
by
the members
qualifiedto vote on the question of the
present.
confirmation
of the minutes.
Committe
3. Reports c"f the Standing
Bye- Laws.
then oe sutmi'Et
of the bociely""shoulcl
the Society shall meet
1. That
with.
for the
promotion of its objects and and dealt
4. Reports of Special Committees
should
of business.
the transaction
be likewise trea^tCnr' SpecTaT^'Committeea
be
shall
of
the hour
2. That
meeting
"
'
.^
Literary and
meeting
formallyopened
"
"
"
"
'
""
appointed to
are
annual
there shall be an
meeting
for the
of
the
and to hear
election of office-bearers,
surer.
the reports of the Secretaryand Trea-
carry
out
a
certain
ticular
par-
this has
been
work, and when
tljeyreport to the Society and are
3
That
4.
discharged.
5. Any
business
of
arising out
tj\e
minutes
may"be"'ta'B!5fti
6. The Secretary should read any letters
be called by requiring attention.
That specialmeetings may
7. Propositions for
Tnepfib^rship
at the request of the
the Chairman
may
be brought forwardT
then
members.
8. Any
should
be
Jtyg^^
unfi^ishjad.
to the
That the subscription
of members
discussed.
on
'
done
"
'^
'
'"""^'^
'
'
-.
"
6.
_
Society shall be
6. That
the
"
.
of
mover
a
motion
be allowed
to speak to his motion,
subsequent speakers on the same
motion
five minutes
each, except when
ten
minutes
and
an
extension
granted by
f. That
of
the
time is unanimously
Society.
rule in regard to amendments
shall apply to the bye-law"3
as
to thfl constitutionthe
same
^- ^,ew- ^TliS^g^j^'^^ whicli notice has
been given, may liere be brought forward,
y/ell as
which
matter
a
as
any informal
wish
member
to
bring under the
may
notice of the Society.
Essays
and
The
Lectures.
business
preliminary
now
meeting may
proceed
item
of
the
evenins's
over,
to
programme.
the
the
main
ThQ
Bdow
will
procedure
whether
lecture.
In
Chairman
be
the
according
an
essay,
of
case
will state
the
upon
differ
this item
read,
to
the
to
as
debate,
or
the
an
essay
subject and
essayistto read his
call
This
paper.
and
write,
^
debate.
speak, and
appeal.
from
there
his decision
is nd
2. All ^propositions
be seconded
must
bo debated.
before they can
The naoveC
sccoiulcr of
or
how
ruction or
a
will bo ;il;')\\((| i:
its not
seconded
nioi
Kju
null.
"niondment;
:in it.
Chairman
will throw
the meeting
If a
snail b"H
il
for discussion.
The
open
essayist come
is afforded an opportunity for replyto his
3. A Illation or amendment
having beeti
the proceedings are
critics,after which
made
and seconded
cannot
be withdrawnl
close
ing
by the awardusuallybrought to a
altered
or
unless
with
the
unaniraoujr
of a vote
of thanks
to the essayist
consent
of r^^,members
and ojj
present,
the motion
of tho Chairman.
When
on
and
of
the
seconder*
mover
the
for the
evening is a the^ajDpli'cation
programme
4. The Chairman shall have an ordinary
the
announces
lecture, tlie Chairman
vote,
and in the event
of the votes being
and
introduces
lecturer
the
in
a
subject
second or
a
equal
casting vote.
few
"^Vhen
words.
the
"
done, the
complimentary
5. The
Chairman
shall
decide
all
lecture is over
the Chairman
again
may
make
appeals on points of order.
few remarks, after which
a
vote
a
6. No member
"of thanks
it is well to have
for which
shall be allowed to speak
twice
should
be
made
on
previous arrangements
question. This, however,
any
moved
by one of the audience, seconded, does not exclude a speaker on the original
motion
from speaking on any amendment.
and carried by acclamation.
Tho Chairman
then
thp
7. No member
shall be allowed to speak
"J[;es"jQJi",,,_^jthis_^jV2iS..When
the
lecturer,who Jbrijg^.,,
jeplies,.
minutes
at a time, unless
longer than
in the
essayistor lecturer is a specialist
the meeting unanimously consents
to an
discussion, with hisper- extension.
subject under
mission
be affomeH
an
opportunity may
8. On
the termination
of a debate
the
TKemembers
of putting quegtiaiis, and in
of the original motion
shall be
proposer
this way
be
consK
may
afforded an
opportunity of reply, but thifii,
added to the proceedings.
must
not
"
"
"
reply
The
the
When
to be
the
of
case
Chairman's
pens
evening hapof procedure
complicated than, in
more
essay or
duties become
to
"
matters
minutes, ani^'
raised
in th"(
""-s^r-"^^^
the
the mode
an
exceed
be confined
must
Debate.
subject for
debate
a
somewhat
is
of
Laws
lecture, and
the
onerous.
more
He
begins by stating the question for
discussion,and directs attention to any
specialregulationswhich may have been
^^ISCUSSlOn.
Yhe
9.
mover
having replied,the Chair"
shall put the questionby callingfor'
show of hands.
a
He
shall call first upon
those who
of an
affirmative
are
opinion
to hold up one
hand.
These votes having
been counted
he shall call upon
ing
those holdman
a
negative opinion to signifythe
by holding up
same
hand.
one
the votes
10. Should
be equal and the
Chairman
be unwillingto give his casting
shall be deemed
of the affirmative
then calls upon the mover
not
vote, the motion
tQ
Be'eriTcaIT ie3r.
of the propositionto open, the cussion.
dis- have
ri. Should" one-fifth of the member^
That
gentleman proceeds to the
platform, and taking up his position at present desire it the vote shall be taken,
the Chairman's
delivers his by roll-call of those present.
right hand
made
for the
conduct
of the
debate.
He
'
is followed
He
by the seconder
In the same
the
motion.
way
and
negative of the propositionis moved
The
discussion is then thrown
seconded.
and may
be taken
part in by any
open,
member
provided he observes the laws
The more
of debate.
important of these
lows,
folbe expressed somewhat
laws may
as
and every Debating Society should
speech.
of
the
have
a
Code
drawn
up
for its
use
:
"
member
desiring to speak must
the Chairman.
He
address
Stand and
cannot proceed until he catches the Chairto
pian's eye, and receives his sanction
the member.
go on, usuallygiven by naming
members
rise
more
two
Where
or
shall
the
Chairman
time
the
at
same
they shall
Becide the order ia which
1. A
"^
12, The
Chairman
shall have the powei*
in,
require that propositionsbe made
writing and handed to him with the namQ
of theanover.
to
'"*"
YOU
WANT
brighten up
the
".'"pjvR^a?*"^
SOMETHING
dark
winter evenings,
and you cannot
get anything better thnn
the "People's Friend."
It will keep you
for hours, and in addition to the
amused
it conveys
much
amujsement
useful infer*
mation
and
instruction.
Indeed, the
household
which
into
the
"Friendsfail to be wellenters
cannot
every week
informed
is going on
in the
as
to what
world.
It contains
something for every
of the family,"and
member
is altogethejj
invaluable
household
as
a
companion*
to
AND
IUilAl"."VvitlTK,
3h06W to
THE
BENEFITS
SOCIETIES.
Debating
Societies
many
Many
their
upon
have risen
who
men
capable of
are
benefits
in later life have
them
early development
in the Debating
was
powers.
of Eton
nence
emi-
to
to
cise
and
Oxford
that
ties
Socie-
man
ing
first ga\'e evidence
of his commandoratorical ability.He
was
an
getic
enermember
of
the
Oxford
of which
he
was
first
Union
President.
agement
Surely it is an encourto think
for toilingSecretaries
that Mr
Gladstone
before them
laboured
such work
of
at
the
as
writing out
minutes I And
the minute-book, still to
the fore, shows that what
he did in this
respect,as in all others, he did thoroughly
and
well.
Union
At the Oxford
Society
Mr
Gladstone
delivered his famous
speech
Bill which
led to his
against the Reform
introduction
The
to Parliament.
speech
that the then
such
sensation
a
led to nominate
Duke
of Newcastle
was
the young
speaker as a candidate for the
the
where
Boyal borough of Newark,
In the
Duke's
influence
was
supreme.
created
returned
to
for Nev/ark.
was
(1832) Mr Gladstone
the member
Parliament
as
Gladstone was
Mr
only one
Pf
attributes
by
ciety,
So-
then
followingyear
says Bacon,
a
ready
; conference
man."
All
exact
an
valuable
Secretaryand
Stimulus.
"Reading,"
stone
Glad-
Mr
Valuable
A
of their
for the
It
ferring
conbers.
mem-
indebted
been
against Debating Societies^
be no questionthat, rightly
managed, they confer great benefits upoa
gether
The
their members.
gathering tovery
sion
of kindred
spiritsfor the discusto exer-*
of knotty problems is bound
been
urged
but there can
DEBATING
OF
"S
DEBATE.
a
will be need
the
"
reading
subjects; there
there
a
full
;
and
ing
writ-
three
of
these
likelyto
are
good Debating
of
maketh
man
be
thered
fur-
Soeiety.Thera
in order
to master
will be
conference;'
writing. A Debating
will bo
teach its members
how
to
their thoughts. It will help to
express
give them the valuable power of thinking
audience.
when
facing an
Facility in
Tlie mere
with practice.
speech comes
ideas intelligible
fact of trying to make
our
hearers is bound
to our
to impress
them
to imparb
our
minds, and
upon
clearness and
ledge.
knowto our
permanency
Criticism
is another
benefit of
and
Society should
gent
tliisis intellido great good^
debater will be led to see that
The young
there are
sides to a question. Let
two
**
him
Prove
all things; hold fast that
which is good." Let him aim at reaching
the truth, cultivatingsuch a spirit as
"I
said:
that of Socrates, who
one
am
would
who
gladly be refuted if I sliould
and would
gladly
say anything not true
refute
another, should he say anything
less gladlybe renot true
but would
futed
no
than refute."
Says Dr Whichcote:!
"
He
the first good office ,whoi
does me
I
makes
where
notion
me
right in my
mistaken
the next
am
good
; he does me
office who
awakens
and reminds
where
me
I had fbrgotten." Let members
of Debating
Societies act on
these principles,
let
maintain
them
account
never
on
any
wliat is not
true, but unweariedly seek
the truth ; and
they will find that their
membership bringsbenefits both great and
Debating
Societies.
Where
it
judicious,
and
may
"
Many
Men
Illustrious
"
"who
have
debating
late
was
played prominent parts
hall of the
Oxford
in the
The
Union.
"
Lord
Salisbury,as
Treasurer
of the
preceded
Manning
Lord
Cardinal
Union.
Mr
Cecil,
R.
Gladstone
as
President.
Tait, long Archbishop of
(Mr Robert
Canterbury ; Lord Sherbrooke
Lowe), llord Coleridge,Professor Bryce,
been
all also
jind
Mr
Asquith have
members
Union
of
this
Society has
Union.
been
The
instanced
Oxford
here
"
of
it is probably the best known
because
lasting.
all
Only a
our
Ijiterary Societies.
few
favoured
can
enjoy its privileges;
A SPARE
HALF=KOUR
but
happily the intellectual advantages may be most pleasantlypassed in reading
bo attained in much
which it confers may
structed
a
good short story, which, if well conhumbler
surroundings. As Mr Holyoake
well told, will enchain
and
the
rival
cannot
"A
man
well says:
poor
for
time
reader's
attention
the
in
he
being,
can
the riciiin luxury of life,but
"
furnish
cannot
of knowledge. He
his house as the wealth)^can, but he can
found
He
a
cannot
his head.
furnish
mind
found
a
house of note, but he may
kingdom may be
of mark.
Though some
afflicted with kings, learning
or
adorned
all are
where
has always been a republic,
have
who know."
Many objections
!eg.ual
luxury
Friend"
the ''People's
tains
conthree excellent shoi*t stories,
by popular and experienced authors, and
is welli
"Friend"
the
for these alone
worth
buying. It contains in. addition,
of attractive
however, a large amount
reading matter, and is a splendidperi-^
odical for the horn" circle*
Exery week
two
or
26
EOW
SYLLABUS.
LITERARY
A
It is
no
l,ns,and
unhappy
to prepare
matter
easy
many
Secretary
a
has
a
'A.m" BEBATB.
WlOTS.
READ.
TO
iKe Barony
|Alexander Middleton, B.B., in
!oi Glasgow Parish Magazine
sylla/-
had
an
|f/J
b"
^'^
d"^^^
|i^
"r^^.v
shows
what
t?^ syllabus.
It deals With English thought during the
^j^.^^ quarter of the nineteenth
century.
has not
only to find the essayists and
j^ gives, it will be seen, a characteristic
with subjects. work of each author, which may
be mi^do
debaters, but to provide them
used iFor
and
of
closer
the
study
the
subject
To help to lightenhis labours
in meetings of
illustration
of
purposes
followinghints are offered. First as to
Mr
Middle-,
the Society. Of course,
sajs
of the syllabus is it to aim
the nature
He
read the whole.
re-i
can
ton, no one
at variety, or to attempt to deal systematically
work
commends
one
only in a section y
with
of study ? The
course
from each of the fivi^
some
one
and, if possible,
'
^.
time
1
m
^,
^
the
effort.
X
T^
For
u
ofrxten he
!
|
"
Taried syllabusis more
generallypopular, sections.
and by its means
a
larger membership is
ENGLISH
THOUGHT.
to the Society. How
to be attracted
ilikely
the Third Quarter of 19th
During:
such a syllabusbe proportioned?
ehould
Century.
be largely
The final result will,of course,
Characthe
tary's
Secretalent
the
at
Jdependentupon
teristic Work.
Author.
Field.
of
the attainment
command
; but
Lecture"
Oct. 1. Inteoductokt
Survey of the
a
satisfactoryend will be facilitated by
Period,
his setting out with well-defined ideas as
/Short Studies,
2. Essayists,Froude,
He
should try to arhe wants.
to what
\ VoL-. L, II.
and
J Society
3.
j-pvUge
Emerson,
\ Solitude.
As Many
Possible.
Debates
as
Tlaese
essays,
chosen.
well to
the members
induce
to write
on
well acquainted.
Bubjects with which
they are
Wlien
member
is writing on
a
Dec.
.a
a
subject which he has made
hobby, it
is extremely likelythat he will write well.
Very often people possessed of special
knowledge
acquired perhaps in their
think
that that
daily c"?cupation^never
knov/ledgewould be interestingto other
people because it is so familiar to themit is knowledge of this
eelves; whereas
and
at first hand, which
kind, accurate
Feb.
jects
people heartilyappreciate. Let the subof a fair proportion of the
papers,
from
the hobbies
therefore, be drawn
or
occupations of the members.
In addition
to the ordinary papers
it is usual to have
few
lectures
delivered
a
eminent
by
people. Musical
evenings, lantern
hibitions,
eximpromptu speeches,and such Mar,
like may
well be added, but for these Bee
other sections of this book.
/Amonpf
Lowell,
than
attractive
usually more
Nov.
and are
useful,proprobably more
vided
the
subjects discussed are
wisleiy
In arranging for the essays it is
are
\
1. NovELiSTS"Lecture"
Novel.
0
2.
{
T"
MacDonald.
|
n/r
4.
"
Lecture
2.
3.
(Selected
\
\
Arnold.
Having dealt
syllabus,let us
which
embodies
is
also there
with
now
a
room
Study.
the
ordinary varied
the syllabus
of study. Here
Poems.
king.
I
rChriatmasEve
and
Easter
j Day ; Men
V. and Women.
I
4.
Browning,
Recess.
Lecture"
1. Ethical
Teachers"
teristica of Modern
Charac-
Thought.
and
Worship.
{Heroes
Hero
_
T.
3.
J Crown
.
,
I
Ruskin,
Robert-
fF. W.
.
\
1. Social
son,
and
TJ-
for
almost
The
A great book
essays and discussions.
may
Ibe selected and studied under
its various
iaspects. One of Shakespeare'splays will
tfurnieh entertainment
for a session, and
its sj-stematic study will
undoubtedly
(benefit the
members.
The
following
time a^
giyen some
/^c^UabM*
by the Rev,
Old
the New.
/"Life and
Kingsley.
|
3.
Ruskin,
4.
Toynbee,
TJntothisLaat*.
f Industrial
2.
rn
1
u
{
^^^^.^^^
Revolution.
infinite
/variety.A period of historymay be taken
iup, and its leading features dealt with in
Wild
/Life and
1 Letters.
Lecture"
Reformers"
Economy
of
Qjiy^3
consider
course
the
of
/Idylls
Tennyson,
"
of
Silas Marner,
/Matthew
"
Courses
Fal*
^^,^^,.^
of the Poet.
Mission
"
^^^^
fKoberb
ij
George Eliob,
1. Poets
Years
(Two
irK.Dg3ley,
the
of
Function
1
1
3.
my
Books.
WEEKLY.
PEOPLE'S
STORIES.
48
Pages, in Bright Cover.
Publishers
:
John
Leng " Co., Ltd.
How
HOW
TO
duty
next
shall
the
his best.
is
to
that
ho
Let
that
the
us
will
side which
the
He
convictions.
has
not
appeals
entered
lists
to his
Polonius
Essay"
For
facts, the
""
How
debater'8
them
in
the advice
this purpose
Write
to
found
will be
marshal
to
useful.
Jot
an
down
do
arrogantly or boastfully,but
in
somewhat
and
bravely and resolutely,,
the
spirit of the oft-quoted advice of
the
battle array.
under
given
be
the various
points in the argument on
of paper, and then shuffle these into
slips
subject
suppose
is thought to be the best sequence,
what
that
he is interested,and
championing
his
out
set
determination
in which
one
lio is
pare
preside in a
npliolda
First, let him
debate?
with
best
debater
a
yoimg
himself to
his
Having acquired
will
Facts.
His
Marshal
DEBATE.
OW
2T
DEBATa
A
FOR
PREPARE
iHD
WRITE,
READ,
TO
son
"
"
Of entrance
to a
Bear't
that the
thee."
Beware
quarrel,but being
may
opposer
in
beware
of
animated
by the natural desire to
our
that
trust
himself
well, we
with
an
filled
also
be
debater
will
young
a
for the discovery of truth"
enthusiasm
feelingwhich should be, the heart's desire
As the first essential
of every
debater.
bater
detowards
doing his best, the young
While
acquit
with
accordance
skeleton
a
plan previously
One of the first duties
drawn
up.
of actual
composition will be to see that
in which
the question under
the terms
well defined. Each
debate is expressedare
thinker, says Samuel
Neil, should explain,
"
without
ambiguity or reservation, the
precise meaning which he attaches to the
Avords employed. It is next
advisable
to
the
limitations
conditions
announce
or
it is intended
which
to reason
; to
upon
state the kind and qualityof the facts to
the authorities
to be
be appealed to, or
Mr
relied on."
Holyonke pithily puts
in taking part in
the rule to be observed
follows:
debate
as
in
"
"
1. To state your case.
2. Tb clear your
case.
3. To prove
your case.
4. And
then sit down.
must
Prepare Thoroughly.
He
can
must
find
extent
the
study all the
bearing upon
information
that
he
of the
nature
subject. The
with
will vary
debate.
subject under
subjectbe one of those' which
in the
syllabusesof
perennially appear
the
Debating Societies,he will find it treated
in outline, with copious references in such
rick
Frede"The
books
Debater," by Mr
as
for
Handbook
The
or
Rowton,
Even
Literary and Debating Societies."
in regard to such subjects, however, the
"
will
debater
find
it
"
stating your case," he continues,
if you
give the other side of the case
"
the
of this information
Should
"In
intellectual
his
such
lines of
to
know
it.
If
cannot
state
you
opponent's case you do not know it,
your
if you
and
do not know
it you are
not inj
fit position to argue
a
against it. If you
in its
dare not state your opponent's case
greatest force, you feel it to be stronger
in that
than
and
case
own,
you
your
ducing
ought not to argue against it." In introit is well to be quiet andi
case
your
that
dignified.Remember
The
is
.
.
Goodwill
important
to
.
of the
and
you,
Audience
endeavour
fd
outlines, secure
Show
it.
yourself in earnest^
argument
but to strike out new
said
There are
three
Archbishop Magee
With
for himself.
subjects,indeed, kinds of preachers. First, the
many
preachera
books is
be had from
can
the help which
can't listen to. Second, the preachers
you
debater
the
throw
Such
subjects
slight.
listen to.
Third, the preachers
can
and compel him
you
resources,
"upon his own
to."
can't
Make
his
in
mind,
listening
help
the
out
to
question
you
up
reason
that
will be a debater
mind
rule it is such subjects which
your
and
you
a
as
cannot
the audience
benefit. whom
help listening
the greatest intellectual
confer
Let
terest,
inbe unof current
to.
doubted,
your sincerity of purpose
the subject is one
When
advantage
not
to
rely upon
"
"
"
and
that
make
see
should be carefully
you
your
the newspapers
"
First use
clear.
often
meaning
logic,
as
they
your
the
debater,
by
If a library then your rhetoric," said old John Seiden,
contain very useful material.
"
Rhetoric
without
logic is like a tree
is within his reach, he should consult the
leaves
and
but no
root."
with
him.
blossoms,
to
help
catalogue for works likely
This
of logicshould not discourage
mention
as
such
a
of
compilation
The
consulting
who
have
readers
no
Index
Annual
experience of
of Reviews"
the "Review
this science. Logic is the science of reasoning,
alas!
discontinued)
Periodicals
(now,
to
and " Reasoning," says Mr Holyoake,
of useful matter
the
to
lead
discovery
may
"
To
is to
reason
is a simple business.
in the pages of the numerous
embedded
of a pro"tate relevant facts in support
scanned
magazines.
HOW
fceivingcoherences.
is
stating them
jseethem
is
will
kindly
Home
be
well
encf.
for
your
point.
Do
not
by inflicting
upon
yO'U have.
keep
You
them
to
drive
weary
them
your
energies
must
is
if there
them
to
To
point.
debaters, and
of young
Chairman
main
ment
Point.
Main
the
weaknesiS
a
Concentrate
th3
so
lose sightof the main
Never
It
'WIIITB, AND
too."
Drive
!aoso
HMD,
is the faculty of perEffective
reasoning
but
that others cannot
Reason
bositlori.
"
TO-
use
home
audi-
every
arg-adiscrimnitJ-
tion, and select what is likely to
convincing. It is often wiser
Jnost
a
right.
prove
to
use
t^BBATE.
HOW
In
ACT
TO
debate
actual
IN
A
the
DEBATE.
young
debater
keep himself well within control.
If his preparationhas been performed as
we
as
thoroughly and as conscientiously
should
have
greatly help his
helped by
of himself,but of his subject.
advocated
it should
He
self-possession.
thinkingnot
Let
him
bend
of his
will also be
all liisenergiesto the
arguments
clearly and
ing
placco^i-
should
He
vincinglybefore his hearers.
not
too
begin hurriedlyor
loudly,but
for later on.
calmly, reserving his power
Let him
butes
speak deliberately
; this contrigreatly to self-possession. As he
important points proceeds it will be found restful for both
Irepetition enforce
fresh
than
to bring forth
arguments of himself and his audience for him to vary
calls for
his tone of voice.
He
should avoid
debate
To
minor
tistical
egosignificance.
the exercise of powers
differingfrom those
expressions; affectation is sure
He
quickly to estrange an audience.
brought into play in the writing of an
Tlie essayisthas leisure to give should strive to get early into touch with
essay.
debater
his audience,a,na
to hold their attention
finish to his composition. The
should have the power of prompt decision
unfiagginglythroughout. Let him finish
should be able
He
with a brief but comprehensive summing
facile utterance.
and
his legs facing an
while upon
'to think
up of the main
arguments for his side of
A few telling
should be
words
audience, and to give ready expressionto the case.
bis thoughts.
prepared for the last appeal. After this
will come
what
debater will
to the young
to Acquire Debating Ability.
How
be the most
trying
part of^th" whole pro"be
shall these valuable
How
powers
structed
ceedings. He will find his carefullyconadvoArchbishop Whately
jfeultivated?
argument plucked to pieces,and
of what
his most
ing
tellhe considered
jcates the followingplan in his book on
many
held
ridicule.
to
what
is
to
points
of
substance
"The
up
(rhetoric:
to
"
should
be,
Let
written down, not in the
reflection,
Iwordsdesigned to be uttered (for that
the habit
instead of a help towards
Iwould,
of framing expressions extempore, prove
*%an embarrassment), but in brief heads,
H-hat as little as possiblebe left for the
except
speaker to frame at the moment
ithe mere
expressions.By degrees,when
practice shall have produced greater selfpossessionand readiness,a less and less full
will
down
outline
previously written
habit
will be
the
suffice,and in time
it
J)e spoken
on
each
tafter
occasion
through
Him
Keep His Head
all, taking no'tes of the
portant
im-
points brought forward which it
will be worth
referringto in his reply.If
have
he
has
mended
recomwe
prepared as
him to prepare he will be already
familiar with the arguments brought foT-
ward
by the opponents of his side, and
will be ready to meet
and confute them.
It is very impcTtant how
he meets
these
opponents. Many of the things said may
be unpalatableto our
debater, but
young
he has to keep his temper as well as his
head.
Even
rect
even
generated of c^ccasionally
forming coralthough personalities
may
and
wellsound
be used againsthim, ho should not resort
judgments and
in return.
Let him give
expressed arguments on the spur of the to personalities
the practice of comhis opponents credit for actingin sincerity
While
mitting
hioment."
The objectto be attained
is not to be
and good faith.
a
speech to memoiy
in young
is the discovery of the truth, and this end
and
commended, there is wisdom
is not likelyto be brought any
ordium
nearer
by
unpractisedspeakers learning the exThese
the imputing of wrong
and perorationby heart.
motives
to an
ponent.
opbashfulness
Neither should faults of grammar
the parts where
or
vousness
nerare
havoc.
be likelyto do most
or
pronunciationbe urged againstan opmay
ponent.
Rest
the
mind
mediately
imOne
Every personal digressionwhich
closingadvice
of meeting. is brought into the debate
before the time
obscures the
Such
a
practiceis adopted by wise Uni- end in view and hinders its attainment.
yersity students before their important Give your opponent every aid in stating
well afford to do if
examinations, and it is an example well his case, as yoai can
and confidence
worth following. It will help to send the
you have faith in your own
debater
the arguments which you adduce.
to the meeting with a clear and
And
"n
if you
and fit to put forth his
find you have made
Imworried mind
a
mistake, do
it frankly.
not be afraid to admit
post powers*
"
TO
aOW
'
"
SUBJECTS
Is the
Present
FOR
EEAD,
AVUITE, AND
DEBATE.
Government
Worthy
of
Support?
Rule be Granted
to Ireland ?
Rule?
Home
have
Scotland
Should
Should the House
of Lords be Abolished ?
be
Should
the Parliamentary Franchise
?
to Women
Extended
Is Local Option in Regard to the Drink
Traffic Desirable?
Does Britain Treat India Justly?
a
Is our
System of Party Government
One?
Good
Alien Immigration be Restricted?
Should
Should Home
Britain Evacuate
Egypt?
be Introduced
the Referendum
into British Politics ?
Ought Every Adult Man to have a Vote ?
Is a Limited
Monarchy the Best Form of
Government?
tions
Should Canvassing at Parliamentary Elecbe Abolished ?
Technical
the State Supply Free
Should
Should
Should
?
Education
the Universities be Represented in
?
Parliament
Should the Colonies be Representedin an
Imperial Parliament?
Should
Perpetual Pensions be Abolished?
Pesirable than Open
Is the Ballot more
Should
we
National
Esta,blisli
Is Britain, as a Nation, Rising or Falling?
of ^Machinery don^
Has
the Introduction
than Good ?
Hann
more
Should
all Patents
be Abolished ?
Should
Parliament
enact
an
Eight Hour^
Is
Working Day ?
Profit-Sharingthe
Cure
for Labou^
Ti-oubles ?
Are Trades
Unions, on the whole, Benefi"
cial or Mischievous
?
Life Assurance
Should
bo Supported an4
made
Compulsory by the State?
Is Co-OperationCapable of General Adop-"
tion and Succcv^is?
Is Limited
Liabilityin Public Companies
of Harm?
Productive
Presa
to
Ought Taxation
Equally uponi
Capital and Labour?
Is Co-Operative Trading Unjust to Private
Enterprise?
of
Should
the
Formation
of a
Class
Peasant
Proprietorsbe Encouraged
by Govei-nment?
Should
the Theatre
receive State
Sup**
port ?
Is Vivisection Justifiable and Necessary in
Science
the
Intersts
of
and
Humanity ?
Is the Present System of Competitive Examination
Prejudicialto Intellectual
Development ?
the Consumption of Luxuries
by thei,
Rich
Beneficial
the
to
Producing
Classes ?
of Primogeniture to be|
Ought the Law
Granaries?
the Export of Coal ?
Ought we
been
Has
the
Republican Government
Beneficial to France?
Justified in taking Are
the Covenantors
Were
to Restrict
Was
lip Arms ?
the British
Justified in
Government
War?
the Crimean
ing
Justifie"I in Assertthe Americans
their Independence of the Mother
Entering upon
Were
29
Is
Voting:?
ShO'Uld
D12BATE.
Country ?
?
Repealed
Colonies a source
of Strength to thflf
Mother
Country?
Should
the Game
Laws
be Abolished ?
Indirect
Taxation
Prefer^
Is Direct
or
able ?
in which
Are there circumstances
Expedi-*
Nation's
should
determine
a
ency
Action ?
of Govern''^
Is a Republic the best form
nient ?
Britain Restrict the Opium Tradei
Should
of Mary
Queen of
the Execution
Scots Justifiable?
Mahomet
an
Impastor?
Was
of
Charles
Had
Edward, the Chevalier
in the Eaet ?
British
the
to
Right
1745, any
the Feudal
Has
System benefited Europe 1^
Throne
?
Should
Britain annex
Afghanistan?
Elizabeth
of Queen
Character
Is the
for Re*,
Should there be State Endowment
Worthy of Admiration?
search ?
Beneficial to Europe? I
the Crusades
Wore
Tax
be Abolished?
the Income
Should
1
practised
the System of Colonisation
Was
of th4
Scott's Estimate
Sir Walter
than i Was
Efficient
more
Romans
the
by
incorrect?
Covenanters
I
?
own
O'Ur
Britain
Acquire her Indian Posses-*
j Did
Will Britain Decay as the Great Nations
I
?
measures
sions
justifiable
by
Done?
of Antiquity have
to
Assist Missionary,
I
Governuient
Ought
Arc
an
of
Impostor?
Joan
Was
fiable i
Enterprise?
of Charles I. Justithe Execution
Was
tend to
the Severity of Punishment
Does
?
Crime?
Diminish
!
Justified in Kilbng Csesar?
Brutus
Was
of Milton entitled
to the IIs the Political Conduct
the Foreign Policy of Cromwell
Was
1
to
Approbation?
Advantage of Great Britain?
Power
than
Does the Press exercise more
be
Half-Time
System
the
Should
?
the
Pulpit
Abolished ?
to the Law
ever
justifiable?
Is Resistance
be
in Trade
Was
j
Should Arbitration
Enforced by Law?
Disputes
"^,"British Art
declining?
1-tOW TO
30
Is
ntAh,
under
Hereditary Legislation
Great
Rur.sia
because
spite of
in
or
?
Serfdom
the
Should
Rights
for
suspended'
of Individuals
the Interests
be
ever
the
of
Should
Vagrancy be entirely Prohibited?
Curable
by Legislation?
Is Drunkenness
be
made
to
sory
CompulOught Emigration
Poor?
the Abie-Bodied
on
Was
Are
Was
Byron or Scott the Greater Pf)et ?
Women?
as
naturally as Vain
to the Murder
Queen Mary accessory
Men
of
Darnley?
Reward
always its own
Early Marriages beneficial
?
Is Virtue
Are
Was
kind
Man-
to
*
?
the Overthrow
of Advantage
Empire
of the Roman
Was
Ought
acquitted?
Did
the
Should
to
Revolution
French
the Social Interests
If?Novel-Reading
a
Soldier?
Husband's
to
St
Press
or
Weather
as
a
United
of
stined
deAmerica
the
Greatest
?
Civilisation
vances
ad-
beneficial ?
Is Anonymous
Journalism
Is Sarcasm
fit means
of
a
promoting
Truth ?
Is Occasional
War
preferableto Perpetual
Peace ?
couragemen
tend to the EnDo Government
Bounties
of Commerce?
Should
Is the
Does
attend P'ootballMatches?
?
its Power
losing
Pulpit
Men
?
Mean
Marriage make
Ladies
Life
Insurance
be
?
Is
Trial of
Commerce
Is
Topic
be
Abolished?
Are Long or Short Engagements best?
mad ?
Hamlet
Was
Cvrles be Taxed?
Should
to
is the Freedom
of the Press conducive
Public Morality?
Virtue
Phonetic
Photography
Is the Human
Compukory?
Adversity
Prosperity or
tended
ex-
be
Ideal Theatre ?
be Short or Long?
Most
to
Scott
owe
Can we
have an
Sermons
Should
ficiallyDoes
affect beneScotland
of Europe ?
Burns ?
?
the
the
Should
Agriculture
Aggression by a Nation
justifiedon
grounds of
been
have
"
Should
be
ever
States
become
Country in the ^orld
Does
Poetry decline as
to make
a
more
people happy?
is best off Employer or Employee?
Who
of Scotland
use
Church
a
the
Should
Liturgy ?
?
Rule the World
Will Women
be Taxed?
Feu-Duties
Should
Athletic Sports being carried to
Are our
Excess
?
Territorial
to
to India?
does
Whether
tend
Should
Vivisection be Forbidden
by Law ?
Are Women
Meaner
than Men?
Is Angling a Cruel Sport?
Should
Church
Choirs be Paid?
Should
Cremation
duced
be
generally intro-
Morality ?
to Morality
prejudicial
Liberty of the
the
Dramatic
Representationsin public
inevitable
tendency to deprave
Morals?
Is the Intellect of Man
Superior to that
?
of AVoman
Should
Girls marry
them?
beneath
Should
be Abolished?
Capital Punishment
Are Poor Men
shut out from the Learned
Professions ?
Should
Hastings
AVarren
at the
?
Napoleon
of
of Fiction
Influence
Have
Ar"
Boots ?
sions
Should the State provide Old Age Pen?
be Immoral?
Self-denial ever
Can
Bells be
the Ringing of Church
Should
Prohibited ?
the Banishment
warranted?
Helena
?
Classics occupy
too
tion
prominent a posiin Education?
Has Poetry had more
Influence for Good
than Prose
History ?
Is Ruskin's
Theory of Wealth Sound?
a
Hypocrite?
a
Was
Is Poverty Diminishing?
Animals
Have
Intelligence?
be trained as
Should every Man
her
'Wife brush
Should
a
Poetry
Do
Can
Does it Pay to get Married?
the Duty of
Uuservance
Is Christmas
Christian?
Shave?
Should Men
practicable?
Is Imperial Federation
Feathers?
wear
Shoi:;ld Women
George Eliot
of
present day Injurious?
Europe?
to
to
prejudicial
of Science
Advance
the Growth
Is the General
an
?
State
DEBATH.
cumstances
cirIs the
any
desirable ?
Periodicals?
too
Have
we
many
Ought Horse-Racing to bo Abolished?
be eliminated?
Can the Middleman
Version
of the Bible
Revised
the
Should
Churches?
be used in our
Is
ANE)
wnt'm,
the
or
Greatei
?
Introduced?
Fine Art?
Race Deteriorating?
Spellingbe
a
take
Woman
her
Husband's
Should
a
Name?.
Should
Actions for Breach
of Promise
be
Abolished ?
Is Vegetarianism a Success?
Should
Volunteers
be Paid?
Do Charity Organisation Societies do Good
Harm
?
or
Lawful
Is Ambition
a
Education
Does
remove
Have
we
Christian
Motive?
Superstition?
sufficient evidence, apart from
to believe in the Immortality
of the Soul?
Scripture,
HOW
Would
choose io Live
w"
Lives
our
AN1"
WUHX
READ,
TO
again?
CoTporal
Ought
-**
SI
the Scriptures sanction the fuse
of
IntoxicatingLiquors as Beverages?
the TheologicalNovel
velopment
dedesirable
a
Do
over
DiiJBATa,
be
Is
to
Punishment
in Literature?
in Schools ?
Abolished
the Landed
Are
Are Pain and Death
Blessings or Curses?
Gentry worth PreserrV
Husbancis
the Best?
Are
Handsome
ingP
Is the Habitual
Use of Tobacco
Injurious? Do Great Sinners make Great Saints ?
Should
Unfermented
Do Men
like Clever Women?
Wine
be used at the
Communion
Vaccination
be Compulsory?
Should
Table?
?
Dress
Does
Ill-Health
need
Reform
Moslem
Does
"|L
improve People'sCharac'^
ters?
Should
Politics influence Local Elections?
Should
a
Has
the Invention of Gunpowder been
be Prohibited
Dangerous Performances
Curse
?
?
better
lishmen
Eng-
Soldiers than
Are
Scotsmen
Has
Christianityimproved the
?
Morals
Nations ?
to b" Local or
the Police Force
National
?
Is the Poetry of the Cavaliers
superiorto
that of the Puritans
?
JLm Ought
^
Is the
Negro capable of
as
culture
under
much
as
ment
Improvethe
White
^
f^ Is SpiritualismTrue?
Should
Women
be
Admitted
to
the
present carried
on,
Success ?
a
Is Falsehood
ever
justifiable?
Is Temperance at present a higher form
?
Total Abstinence
of Morality than
I
J^^Should Residence be necessary for Electoral Qualification?
i.
Race?
War
Beneficial to the Human
the
conducive
to
Are
Standing Armies
I
of Peace?
Maintenance
"J^l3
^"^
the
with
Moral
Progress increase
gress
Proand Material
Increase of Mental
?
Is an
Advocate
morally justifiedin
ever
refusinga Case?
be
to
Ought the Negroes of America
Does
admitted
to the Suffrage ?
the Principle of Non-intervention
Foreign Politics a Sound One?
to be
Is Phrenology
depended upon
Judging of Character?
of War
Is the Abolition
a
necessary
of Civilisation
suit of the Advance
in
Is
I
"r*
Should
of Parliament
Members
in
re-
?
be Paid?
^^^s
War
Murder?
Drink
H^
X^
get
Traffic be Nationalised ?
it
fair share of what
a
Produces?
to be Soldiers ?
Christians
ever
Is Lynch Law
justifiable?
the conclusion
Do the Scriptures warrant
shall be
Race
Human
that the whole
Saved ?
\
Society
Journalism
tendency
^
The
lantern will be able to add
its
syllabuswhich
pernicious in
possesses
less fortunate
it very difl"cult to
benefits of the lantern
be
secured
easilybe
slides
in
can
without
had
on
the
hire,and
illustrate
to
Societiea
an
But
equal.
instrument.
an
a
brightnessto
a
will find
measure
be "t
to
Improvement
Society which
so
some
expense
Lanterns
also
almost
caa
infinite!
of
variety of subjects. Quite a number
and
lectures might be illustrated
of the lantern, to the mutual
by means
advantage of both speaker and audience.
essays
But
even
an
essay
to have
or
lecture
is not
pleasant evening
sary
neces-
the
lantern-hirers
supply
descriptivereading with the various seta
makes
of slides,which
the arrangement
exhibition
for
a
matter.
an
very easy
undertake
The hirers will even
the whole
; Dutr,
arrangements and supply a reader
lantern,
as
a
with
the
is in
the cost of the exhibition
of course,
As "
such a case
considerablyenhanced.
of a
helpful hint to Societies in want
at a moderate
lantern exhibition
cost, it
of
that the conductors
be mentioned
may
have
been in the
the " People'sFriend"
scribers
habit of lending out gratis to their subof lantern
slides
sets
various
The sets include
with descriptivelecture.
"The
Canada
with a Camera,"
"Across
"
A Trip to
the Camera,"
Nicht
wi' Burns," "The
"A
London,"
and
of Burns
Scott," "A
Land
Trip
the World
through Erin's Isle," "Round
100
"Picturesque
Minutes," and
in
hired
for
be
lantern
A
Wales."
can
half a guinea, or with an operator
about
for about one
guinea. For the practical
Capabilitiesof
Ought
Is
will be found
aid to Mutual
"
to Retaliate
an
Injury?
Is it Lawful
Bachelors
be Taxed ?
Should
Is a Standing Army
necessary?
Woman
Can
Keep a Secret?
a
the
.^i'-IShould
i^^DoesLabour
magic
Societies.
can
at
lantern
valuable
most
EXHIBITIONS.
LANTERN
fessions
Proof purchasing
?
Y.M.C.A.'s, as
Are
The
the
Man?
,
MAGIC
of
its
of
management
directions
for
the
.
lantern, including
producing
the
limelight,
gas, preparing slides,""c.,
oxygen
the reader is referred to T. C. Hepworth'a
"
agement,
book, The Magic Lantern, and Its Man'
publishedby Chatto " Win due
making
at
Is and
Is 6d.
Slow
TO
REA1", WRItB,
less ifiSustrious fellows
for the public
ing,
age
country. ProceedMr
Shaw
recommended
as
larly
particueducative
periodsof historical study
the Fall of the Stuarts
and the Fall of
the Bourbons.
He asserted that a study
of economics,
forms
essential part of
an
the training of the politician,and that,
it ho
the risk of
runs
indeed, without
or
a
becoming a rambling sentimentalist
So much, then,
dangerous crotcheteer.
able
valufor local Parliaments.
They are
institutions,and it would be well for
in exland were
there more
of them
istence.
our
or
service
of his
AND
In
33
DEBATE*
FACTS
or
"
AND
WHERE
TO
his admirable
com"
a
FIND
"
essay
Journalist," Mr
on
W.
THEM.
How
T.
to be"
Stead
marks
re-
perfect journalistshould
know
not
everything which is, perhaps,
from
expecting too much even
perfection
h"
ought to know
exactly where the
do know
everything."
people live who
This
finite
same
faculty will be found of into the
debater
and
use
essayist.
:
"If
"
a
"
"
Facts
wanted
often
diiRcult to find when
but a knowledge of th" various
leading books of reference is generally
helpful in the search. First, tlie-a'eare
Not
only do they promote a the dictionaries
ready
something has al; but
affairs,but
healthy interest in current
been said of these in another
tion.
secthey do much to promote a wider outlook
Then
there are
the encyclopaedias.
and
th" world
on
Hmong their members
Of these Chambers's
(10 volumes, 10a
be of
its future
must
problems which
useful.
It
each) is the most
generally
They is a perfectlibraryof information, and is
great value in the years to come.
the
than
th"
more
are
equals, or
brought well up to date. The Annual
equals,of Debating Societies,as training Index
Periodicals
to
of Reviews"
("Review
schools for publicspeakers,and their proceedings
to
the seeker
a
Office)was
guide
definitealmost always possess
a
after facts in the wilderness
of periodical
and
ness
living interest which are only literature. It is now
discontinued, but
too frequentlyawanting in the ordinary the back
volumes
of great value to
are
Pebating Society.
debaters.
For
details as to the lives of
the great men
of our
own
country, the
MAGAZINE.
THE
MANUSCRIPT
Dictionary of National
Biography, a
of lending variety monumental
excellent means
An
useful.
The
work, is most
index
volume
be bought separately.
can
script
in the Manube found
to a syllabusmay
of the
It gives very
concise summaries
Magazine. This is a magazine made
An
excellent
smaller
biographies.
Bio^
from
various
of short contributions
up
graphicalDictionary is that publishedby
is
members
of the Society. One member
A
Classical DicChambers
tionary
at
10s 6d.
butions
which
be had
appointed Editor, and to him the contriat small
cost
can
and
them
He arranges
sent.
are
is Lempriere's,publishedby Routledge at
and
then
A
3s 6d.
supplies a short introduction
good atlas is an indispensable
are
;
"
is read at a meeting set apart
th" whole
bears
Each
contribution
for the purpose.
and it can
therefore
be
a
noiii-de-plume,
freelycriticised by the assembled members
the writer
marks
without
feeling that the reA painsof a per"onalnature.
are
taking
out the contents
will copy
Editor
who
wants
to make
Th" Citizen's Atlas
(NeAvnes : 20 parts at 6d each) is splendid
value.
be
said
of the
The
same
may
ary
"DictionHarmsworth
Atlas.
Brewer's
of Phrase
and Fable"
(Cassell: lOs
6d) is a most useful reference book, and
with
of the magazine in his own
handwriting, deals in an
interestingway
many
in other
and s-o remove
not to be found
are
any risk of the identity of words which
of
The
number
There
dictionaries.
the writers
are
a
being disclosed.
zine
magaof
which
should
excellent means
books
b"
annual
reference
will be found
an
members
timid
when
facts in regard to
and
to
kept in mind
inducing young
the
in contributing to
start
make
a
present-dayaffairs are being sought after.
Hazell's
be mentioned
syllabusof th" Society,and the reading Am.ong these may
Oliver " Boyd's
Annual
an
and discussion of it will always form
(3s 6d yeai'ly),
Is per
for the
(7s 6d and
attractive item on the programme
Edinburgh Almanac
is
(2s 6d, orsession.
annum), Whi taker's Almanac
The
Year
Statesman's
annum).
per
Book (Macmillan : 10s 6d per aujium),and
INDEED
A
FRIEND
the
Daily Mail' Year Book, a perfect
has
the "People's Friend"
is just what
current
on
of information
mine
topicsat
who
No one
all along proved itself to be.
the small charge of sixpence. Haydn's
Friend"
has turned
this
known
has ever
Dictionary of Dates (Ward, Lock, " Co.)
contains
It
it.
for historical references.
is a very useful volume
her back
his or
upon
of the Annual
various
volumes
The
Ask
agent
newsfor
your
everybody.
something
Friend ; "
Register give the historyof their respective
to introduce
you to the
A huge mass
find
will
but
will
cost
a
Penny,
years in concise form.
it
you
you
less interesting
or
and over
asaia.-. of information more
the money
over
worth
adjunct
' '
"
"
''
it
to
of his
most
the
man
reading.
'
BOW
WHmiJ,
READ,
TO
DEBATE.-
AND
BOOKS.
CARE
OF
THE
is to be fotmcT In the various Blue Books
Tliese
are
and
Somd
Parliamentary Papers.
The
bookman
loves his books.
issued by Messrs
Eyre " Spottiswoode, collectors almost
shipping
the length of worgo
who will forward
a
catalogue. Of course,
them.
of books
owners
Many
not
readers are
our
expected to purchase
The
for them.
have
named.
all the volumes
we
They provide costly bookcases
fashion
is changeable. At
in bookcases
would requireto have long purses in order
are
But
these works
district libraries,and
The
with
be consulted
advantage.
can
is
Britannica
monumental
Encyciopjedia
should
which
of reference
work
another
of the index
not be neglected. By means
do
able to
be
to
so.
in most
to be found
access
difhcult to have
which
it
treasury of information
almost every subject.
on
volume, it
the
KOW
to
is not
ENCOURAGE
TO
tains
con-
YOUNG
MEMBERS.
timid
and
young
in
the
carrying
pai-t
induce
To
time
one
the
closed in,
was
every case
These help to keep out
dust, but they
are
rather
usage, and the framework
of the books
from
being
doors
closed.
The
in
cumbrous
prevents
when
seen
some
the
who
has
not
much
"6 spend v/ill be better
money
served by bookshelves
than by bookcases.
For a moderate
sum
a
carpenter will provide
the shelves in white
wood.
TP
owner
then finish them
off himse elf
may
by
members
almost
with glassdoors.
are
man
painting, varnishing, or
them.
Some
enamelling
that an edging
of the
on
to take
of scallopedleather enhances
the appearance
It
of the shelves, but others
like to
Society is always a difficult matter.
ward
awkhave a full view of the books.
most
is the first step that they are
It is difficult to keep books free from
the leaders of the
in taking, and
and there are
other enemies.
The
dust,
bers
memSociety should see that the young
bookworm
is not
much
of
so
a
(literal)
afforded
are
opportunity of
every
it used
Pieces of linen
to be.
as
pest
The
Manuscript soaked in essence
making a beginning.
of turpentine, camphor,
Magazine, elsewhere described, is a useful or an infusion of tobacco should be
placed
The
as
feature known
aid to this end.
in their
haunts.
The
of a
sprinkling
the
also
serve
"Hat
Subjects" may
pose, little fine
purthe shelf is also re-r
on
pepper
to make
and induce
a
shy member
commended.
his maiden
speech. Probably a better
leather
Bindings.
plan is the appointment of the various
members
the
be
may
or
in turn
two
to
open
the discussion
on
evening. Much
good
done by the setting apart of one
nights during the session for the
subject
for
the
hearing of short papers.
only five minutes, and
These
last
members
may
Leather
upon
as
greater
people think
bindings
generallylooked
they need
cloth, but
to
attention.
Once
the
oil it becomes
loses its natural
Books
are
superior
kept
in
warm
rooms
are
leather
brittle,;
larly
particu-
liable to suffer in this way.
The
diffidence may
whom
keep from attempting
is to add artificial oil to the leather,
cure
be induced
to start
a
long essay may
Vaseline
will do.
It should
be applied
It is well to have some
in this way.
nection with
cona
piece of raw
cotton, only using as
the
different
between
subjects much
vaseline as the leather will fibsorb
one
on
selected for treatment
ing.
evenin
any
treated
thoroughly. Books that are
Thus, half a dozen members
this way
may
will
not
two
or
every
year
five-minutes'
each be got to contribute
a
readily crack at the binding.
on
Game,"
"My
"My Favourite
paper
How
to Open a Book,
such easy topic.
Favourite
Book," or some
Much
the
treatment
will
do
much
Chairman
to
courage
enA
depends
good
upon
book
its owner
receives
from
members
a
to take
part in which
young
The
the meetings. No undue
should, when it first falls into his hands.
pressure
"
How
The fear of being following advice upon
to
Open a
however, be exerted.
Book"
has been issued by a largepublish-i
forced into writing an
keeps some
essay
iirm:
from
men
Societies,
ing
Literary
away
young
held
The
book
should
be
with
its
these young
and
men
are
likelyto be
back on
smooth
into
a
table, then the front
equally unwilling to being coerced
many
"
"
should be let down, the leaves
making, or attempting to make, a speech. board cover
and
untried
A
Next, the other
being held in one hand.
golden rule for young
when
have
board
should
let
down.
ing
Followis
Stand
be
cover
speakers
up
you
this operation, a few leaves should
something to say, and, having said it, sit
"
down."
moment
remarks
the more
.brief.
remain
Don't
feet a
on
your
If your
after you have finished.
to the point,they will be all
are
appreciated because they are
be opened at the back, then a few at the
alternately opening
front, and so
on,
and
back
front, gently pressing open
the sections
till the centre of the volume
is reached."
EtOW
HINTS
FOR
TO
VmiTE,
READ.
AND
READERS
Our
space
and
of readers
means
will not
allow
general rules
few
a
reciters.
which
the meaning
No
recite
one
can
with propriety what
he does not feel,and
the key to gesture, as well as to modulation,
is
No
earnestness.
actor
can
truth
with
unless he
portray character
realise it, and he can
can
only realise it
by making it for a time his own."
anything more
guidance
for the
The
fact is
by
no
come
for guidance, as in regard to
to this book
reading and recitinga multitude of rules
than good. All rules
often do more
harm
restrictions which
and
other
the
reader
or
reciter
those
to
disadvantage for^thoso who
a
S5
DEBATE.
words
upon
turns
RECITERS.
than
AND
tend
Choosing
Choosing
to make
artificial and
the
natural
un-
battle.
but
seek
a
a
Subject.
good subject is often half
Do
be easily satisfied,
not
until
find
you
one
suited
for
Archbishop Whately in your audience.
of
Consider the nature
the chapter on
Eloquence in his book of the meeting at which
to
read
are
or
you
tiiis point in
out
Rhetoric
reasons
A piece which
recite.
m.ay be excellently
masterly style,and the speaker or reciter suited for one gathering
be out
of
may
will be
greatly benefited by carefully place at another.
At
social meetings
Reading his arguments.
humour
is always welcome
do not let
; but
humour
descend
into
your
vulgarity.
to Secure
How
the Natural
Manner.
Having chosen your piece, master it. Let
he
To secure
which
the natural manner
there be no
dubiety in your mind as to
recommends,
so
Archbishop its meaning.
highly
Strive
to understand
it
Commit
it to
heart
so
Whately advises the reader or reciter thoroughly.
that no nervousness
v/illdrive
not
only to pay no studied attention to thorouglily
are
bad.
it from
When
you.
your
the
voice, but studiouslyto withdraw
recite, forget all about
thoughts from it,and to dwell as intently
Be
voice, your manner.
the
,
as
possible on
nature
to
the
trusting to
spontaneously the
sense,
in
your
oblivious
subject
that
time
to
comes
yourself,
your
wrapped
so
up
vv'illbe
all else
suggest
to you.
Doing so, you are
"
A
and
tones.
selves,
emphases
likelyto carry your audience out of themproper
attention
and
reciter's best
reader is sure
to pay too much
to achieve
a
at all, success.
to his voice,not only if he pays any
to
but if he does not strenuouslylabour
it altogether.
withdraw
his attention from
DISTINCT
UTTERANCE.
He
not
who
fullywhat
only understands
The
first
requisitein all good speech is
he is reading but is earnestlyoccupying
that the listeners can
will
of it,
with the matter
be intelligibility
his mind
; so
and
understood
he
read
if
what
to
know
is being read, or
as
it,
likely
exactly
it ; and
others understand
thus to make
To this end I think that not
.
spoken.
to the imwith
view
like manner,
a
pressivenessof the delivery, he who not'
only feels it but is exclusivelyabsorbed
that feeling,will be likelyto read
with
the
if he felt it, and to communicate
as
this
But
impression to his hearers.
if he is occupied with
be the case
cannot
their opinion will be
the thought of what
in
only,
should
every word, but every syllable
uttered
distinctly. Nothing should
slurred
over,
and
the
speaker had
palate; and the
or
guess
supply
infer
what
nothing omitted,
defective
listener
what
teeth, or
be
be
if
as
a
false
expected to
was
said, and
was
to
omitted.
The
vowel
his voice ought sounds
of his reading, and, how
be pronounced with
must
ness,
clearing
to be regulated; if,in short, he is thinkbut the consonants
not
less so; and
in the
of himself, and, of course,
the distinction which
exists between
the
same
degree, abstracting his attention
letters
as
dentals, sibilants,gutturals
clusively."
that which
from
ought to occupy it exobserved.
But
readers
introduce
some
the dentals in wrong
lants
places,and put sibiwhere they ought not to be ; so that
Emphasis Suggested by the Sense.
variety of speech corresponding to the
natural
the
of
advocate
Another
of utterance
is lost in a
several organs
He lays
G-. J. Holyoake.
is Mr
manner
than stammering,
monotony that is worse
great stress upon mastering the meaning so far at least as the listener is concerned.
delivered.
or
to be read
address on the Art of Public
of the passage
From
an
'*
is suggestedby the
The emphasis which
Speaking and Reading delivered to the
"
of the Bishop of
Theological Students
the best guide. Let a
is," he says,
sense
fessor
Worcester's
College at Hartlebury by Proand his emphasis
of the sense
make
sure
person
the
(Published
by
Society
Knight.
varied.
and
natural
By
will be
giving the chief force for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 2d.J[
^atu^al is meant
was
"
"
"
"
"
"
S6
HOW
RJBAD, WRITE,
TO
AND
DEIBATEl
out r"^mart^
to draw
and endeavour
His opening
the vq,riousmembers.
in this
F all the meetings described
prayer should not be too long, and should
be simple and
more
none
book there are
pointed. He will have a
probably
fluence
of exerting personalingreat
opportunity
who
those
highly appreciated by
Tlie
members.
the
young
upon
of
take
part in them than the meetings
and
he should encourage
ones
to zealously
certain
is
It
Associations.
his
fluence
inFellowship
Under
Bible.
the
earnestlystudy
to take
more
potent for laetrnone
be led gi'adually
that there are
they may
Fellowship part in the proceedings,beginning with a
A well-conducted
ing good.
of criticism
few words
the papers, and
on
hour
members
its
an
meeting provides for
and taking
to writing papers
leading
up
munion
comand
uplifting
of
strengthening
A
in
the
devotional
exercises.
part
another and with God.
with one
quarter of an hour is a good length for a
wiiich is implied in this Fellowship paper.
For the fellowship
debatable
No
points
than
is more
ordinary companion- should be introduced, and it is well thatcase
of human
beings there should be
it is communion
FELLOWSHIP
day,
ASSOCIATIONS.
from
Bhip;
No
Unfriendly Criticism.
highest purposes and trusting
two
or
To introduce adverse remarks
in the divine
is toi run the
promise, "Where
three are
gathered together in My name
danger of frustratingthe objectsof the
No
of them."
I in the midst
there am
have
Fellowshipmeeting. The members
its Fellowship not met
should
be without
church
for the development of critical
institution which
It is an
but for fellowshipin holy things.
Association.
powers,
not always
tends greatlyto the deepening of spiritual The best Fellowshippapers are
There
by the cleverest members.
Bible study, and helps written
life,it encourages
is a great truth in the saying of St Paul
to train Sunday School teachers and other
that Christ sent him to preach the Gospel,
met
for the
"Christian
workers.
How
"
Fellowship Meetings
are
Conducted.
going further,it will be well for
of those
unacquainted with
meetings to describe what they are
The meethow they are conducted.
ings
are
usuallyheld on Sunday morning
Before
the
Buch
and
benefit
hour
an
service
the
before
begins.
They
singing
opened by the
Then
comes
hymn.
the
Chairman
by the
;
when
time
a
next
the
of
church
generally
are
a
Psalm
or
usuallyby
lowed occupation.
hymn, fol-
prayer,
another
the portion of
the
subject for
upon
then introthe occasion.
The Chairman
duces
of the paper
the writer
for the
the reading of the paper
After
day.
there is a short discussion,then another
hymn, and the meeting is concluded
by
is the common
short
Such
a
prayer.
routine, but, of course, it can be varied to
For the
suit particularcircumstances.
praise portion of the service it is well if
Some
instrument
is available.
some
one
should
be
appointed conductor, and
have
should
charge of this part of the
proceedings. Of course, he will see that
only simple tunes are chosen.
reading
The
Chairman
even
has been
Chairman.
said elsewhere
of other
greater force
Fellowship
Societies
to
Earnestness.
of
Scripture bearing
Wliat
of words, lest the Cross
not with,wisdom
of Christ should be made
of none
effect."
For ye see your calling,
..."
brethren,
how
that not many
wise men
after the
flesh,not many
noble,
mighty, not many
called : But
God
hath
chosen the
are
foolish things of the world
to confound
the wise ; and God
hath chosen the weak
thingsof the world to confound the things
which
It is a suggestive
are
mighty."
Jesus
fact that
chose his Apostles not
from the great and learned of the world,
but from
fishermen
and
others of lowly
the
about
the
applieswith
Chairman
of
a
Association.
Much
depends
and tact.
He
should
upon his earnestness
do his best to master
his subject for each
Earnestness
qualities in
member
by
is
a
who
one
of the
Fellowshp
is in earnest
of
most
valuable
And the
paper.
will do his best
study and application to
his paper
as
perfect as possible
the literaryas well as the religious
If a FellowshipAssociation
point of view.
is reallyto flourish,the members
must
terest
inin the work, and
themselves
pare
prethemselves
beforehand
for the meetings.
The subject should be set down
on
the
syllabus so that the members
may
have
every opportunity of studying it.
who may
not
be equal to
Young members
should
be
making extemporary remarks
encouraged to write out something on the
subjectfor the day and to read this to the
meeting. In place of the Scripturelesson
or
being read by the Chainnan
a
single
terest
member, it often contributes to the inof a meeting to have
it read verse
about by the members.
The success
of an
Assocation will also depend greatly upoa
make
fram
means
HOW
the
spiritin
which
members
the
WRITE,
READ,
TO
enter
Brotherliness
should
proceedings.
should
be
feature
a
Steadfastness
the members.
animate
of
in all
pose
purThere
discouragements, and
be
to
sure
are
future
6.
Brotherliness.
the
for
DEBATE.
church
37
workers,
members
of
Session, and ministers.
the work.-
upon
"AND
Strangers coming
to the church
find
in the Association,and
the friendshipsformed
here are
likelyto
be mutually beneficial.
a
welcome
warm
7. It
fosters
an
interest in home
and
foreignmissions.
when
these come
the members
must
go on
8. The
Association is an admirable link
in faith. In such a time strengthwill be
between
the
Sabbath
School
and
the
is
the work
fo'und in the thought that
church.
he always wins
Christ's. It is true that
9. The
meeting on Sabbath morning is
who
all work
be
sides with
God.
Let
the best preparation for " the
public and
God
done
and
not
unto
unto
men.
as
private exercises of God's worship."
The worker
who
thus labours is superior
10. It afilordfi a
of intercourse
means
times
Someto all Gitrthlydiscouragements.
between
the
there is considerable
and
perienced
exthe
young
people
difficulty
minister, as difiicultiesmay be referred to
in gettingpapers for every week
him and answered
from the pulpit.
of a session,and in such a case
certain
C N.S.W. FelloTV'ship
Union Witness.")
days should be set apart for the reading
and "tudy of some
specialchapter of the
Bible.
Let the chapter be
read
verse
FELLOWSHIP
SYLLABUSES.
about, and let the members
ask questions
The
on
work
of drawing up
make
remarks
or
points of difficulty,
the syllabus
tending to its elucidation and the bringing
with
be
can,
entrusted
advantage,
to a
home
of its lesson to all.
small Committee.
This greatly lightens
the
HOW
TO
START
FELLOWSHIP
A
In the
church,
meeting
to
of
the
them
active
of influence
one
preliminary
plain
people, and exyoung
the benefits of uniting in
Fellowshipwork.
been
some
should
of
the
Secretary, and
may
for the session.
better programme
a
Fellowshipsyllabuses are
ASSOCIATION.
Thq, minister, or
labours
secure
call
Some
of
from
few persons who have
should
be
in Christian
work
spoken to privatelybeforehand, and their
sympathies enlisted. The appointment of
a
good Secretaryto organise and arrange
everything is of primary importance.
can
those
of many
kinds.
scarcely be
guished
distin-
of
secular organisations.
This, however, is generallyfound
a
A
them
be
to
a
mistake.
which
upon
the
The
Bible
study
FellowshipAssociations
papers
scheme.
of
is the
book
members
should be
of
trated.
concen-
The
subjects for the various
should
be selected
not
at haphazard,
but
should
fit into
definite
a
When
this is done, the
meetings
far more
are
likelyto be educative in
The memlDers
of Session should encourage
their effect.
The
subjectsmay
be
even
the work
tendance
by occasional,if not regular, atdrawn
to accord with the International
up
the
but
should
at
not
meetings,
Scheme
of Sunday School Lessons,or with
leaving the whatever
monopolise the management,
scheme
is in use
in the church
for
that
the
on
responsibility
young
in question.
When
this is done
the
is
shoulders.
it
most
Although
people's
writers
of the papers
have
a
of
mass
should
assist
essential that the minister
notes
to their hand.
helpful
TJicro
ready
it
the
initiation of
at the
Assocation,
is the additional
benefit that the Fellowship
pendent
should
not, when
fairly started, be deAssociation
then
becomes
of
groat
tion
The FellowshipAssociahim.
on
in fitting
the Sunday School teachers
use
is expected to be a help to a minister,
for their work.
The
followingis an example
addition to his labours.
not an
of a good general syllabus:
Some
of its Benefits.
A Good
Fellowship Syllabus,
1. It promotes the individual
searching
St Michdel's, Edinburgh, 1897-98.
and study of the Bible.
^
"
2. It
the
promotes the
spiritualgrowth
Subjects" 1. The
Parables
of our
Lord.
2. Bible Characters.
3. Missionary Biographies.
of
members.
Christian
Fellowship
promotes
the
congregation.
throughout
4. It is a great means
of strength to a
church, and furnishes a band of workers.
3. It
excellent oppor5. It affords members
tunities
for practisingpublic prayer
and
gi:oun4
Bpeaking,thy" i^njki^ga training
Oct.
3.
Opening Address
"
^Rev.
George
Wil-
son.
"
"
"
"
Hid Treasure
and Pearl of Great
xiii. 44-46.
Price" Matt.
17. Ruth, the Virtuous.
24. Inter-Association
Meeting in Gorgie
Hall.
Free Church
10. The
3i. CQiDClunioa-^J)9votion)^
33
Nov.
HOW
7. The
Unmerciful
TO
READ.
Servant
Matt,
"
21-55.
xviii.
A"ND
WRITE,
DEBATEL
reading helpful thoughtsbearing upon
tM
to you,
and
occurred
tlie Obedient.
14-. Ra'Tiiiel,
be jotted down
these should
of
on
slips
Moffat
and
(Africa).
21. "Robfit
Mtiry
All your
should
general
reading
ciation.
Assopaper.
Women's
with
28. United
Meeting
also be laid under contribution, to furnish
So
interesting illustrations.
Deo.
5. The
5^ou with
]\,Ia,rriageof the King's Son"
Mart.
of preparation every
xxii. 1-14.
writer
much
can
Disobedient.
12. Saul, the
achieve
of
by means
industry alone.
Burns
C.
(China).
William
19. Rov.
Should
he come
short in these respects he
25. United
Meeting.
has his laziness to blame.
But in a good
Devotional.
Jan.
2. Communion
dustry
inthan
Fellowship paper there is more
30-37.
Luke
x.
9 The
ga.maritan"
Good
is heart
and
effect.
There
can
the
16. St Andrew,
ciation
(Inter-AssoHelper
Tlie message
must
Meeting).
soul.
of the paper
Broken-Hearted.
the
25. David,
ring true from the heart of its writer.
30. United
Meeting.
and
He
will speak not
in censoriousness
xi.
Friond
at
Midnight"Luke
Feb. 6. The
but in love and meekself-righteousness
;
j
Luke
5-8: The
Unjust Judge
! ness.
The
is writing a 'Fellowship
who
xnan
xviii. 1-8.
the
Wise.
13. Solomon,
paper should be frequentlyin prayer.
A loving heart and a clear understanding
Duff
(India).
20. Dr
27. United
Meeting.
should
then he his, and he will be able
xvi. 1-9. to
Luke
Miar. 6. The
Unjust Steward"
of
real help and
give a message
13. Daniel, the True.
As for the practo his fellows.
strength
tical
A. Scott (Africa).
W.
20. Dr
work of writing the paper,
guidance
DevotionalV
27. CkDmmunion
in the other
will bo found
parts of this
Luke
Publican
subject
will
have
"
"
"
"
"
,,
"
"
"
"
"
"
*
"
"
,,
"
"
"
,,
Apr.
,j
"
May
Pharisee
and
xviii. 9-14-.
Williams
(Polynesia).
John
United
Meeting.
Luke
Pounds"
xix. 11-27.
The
St .John, the Beloved.
Guild Foreign Mission.
3. The
10.
24.
1.
8.
15.
"
book
more
directlydealing with
FELLOWSHIP
TEXT-BOOKS.
for Fellowship Associations
"
that we
have only space
numero^us
so
are
22. Henry
Martyn
(India).
here for a few very
on
general remarks
son.
Rev.
29. Closing Address
George Wilthe subject. Of course,
the chiei textbook
is the Bible itself.
So many
good
Authorities
on
Subjects.
editions,with every variety of helps,are
Commentaries
The
Parables.
by Trench,
ncm
larise.
publishedthat it is hard to particu'Arnott,Dods, Bruce, and Taylor.
Ask
bookseller to show you
a
a
Books
Bible
Chap.aci*ep.S.
by Guthrie,
that best suits
also
Candiish.
See
Landols, and
Library feAv, and select the one
most
Catalogues.
likely to
pocket, and seems
your
A
of these Teachers'
Robert
and Mary
volume
Biographies."
Moffat, by
help you.
Dr Duff, Editions
their Son ; Burns, bv Isl^av Burns
;
of the Bible is reallya library
by George Smith; Dr Scott, by Rev. W. H.
in itself.
A
concordance
is always useful.
John
!Rankine ;
Williams,
Campbell;
by
cordance
Robert
Young's Analytical Con.^enryMartin, by Sargent.
is published by
the Bible"
to
the ReligiousTl'act Society at one
guinea.
A FELLOWSHIP
TO
WRITE
jHOW
Concordance
be obtained
Cruden's
in
can
PAPER.
For critical
choice of cheap editions.
a
The
bridge
first step in writing a Fellowship study the various
volumes
of the CamBible for Schools and Collegesare
is
to
in
other
as
writing
any
paper,
paper,
Where
excellent.
be
cannot
they
fix upon
a
subject. If you have not much
afforded, the cheaper series,The SmalleY*
experience in writing,it will -be well not
Cambridge Bible for Schools, should be
in your
ambitious
choice.
A
to bo too
substituted.
Of commentaries, that by
Bible narrative
or
biograpliywill furnisli Brown
and Fausset, publishedby Collins,
ginner.
a
is very
comparatively easy subject for a beSo also is the
good and handy.
Having fixed upon your subject, edition m half a dozen 4s volumes published
study carefullythe portion of the Bible
by the Society for Promoting
C^ssell "
bearing upon it. Read it with dictionary Christian Knowledge.
Co. 'a
and
atlas and cyclopsedia
if need
bo, and
mentary
cheap edition of Bishop Ellioott's Comto master
its meaning.
endeavour
.Read
has
a
and
brought
great
Version
vised scholarly work
the Authorised
and read the Rewithin
general reach.
the
Farrar's
Dean
Version, and carefullycompare
helpful books for Bible
Such
throws
two.
a
students
also to be
had
now
are
in
comparison often
"valuable light upon
points. Turn
Synthetic
easily accessible editions.
many
Bible Studies," or
'lipand read attentivelyall the passages
''Through the Bible
in
the
in a Year"
indicated
marginal references.
(Oliphant,Anderson, " Ferrier,
is nothing like the Bible
preting
There
for inter6s net),is a book that ought to be bought
the pible,.gq dou,bt^^jPg thja
"
Useful
tion.
composi-
books
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
HOW
ANX"
WRITE.
READ,
TO
DEBATEl
39
GOOD
" C. Black:
Is 6d each) contains valuable
LITERARY
SYLLABUSES.
be overworks
which should by no means
looked.
Tlie Library is a development of
A Mixed
Syllabus.
the series of Guild' Text-Books
(Black : 6d
Opening Social Meeting.
each).Either in the sixpenny or eighteen
Jjeciure:
''John
Kuskin
aa
Social
a
found
form
these books
will be
Keformer."
penny
Essay: "David
attention.
careful
most
Livingstone."
worthy of the
Debate :
to
Ought wo
have
OonThe
and
Handbooks
for Bible
Classes
scrjption in Great Britain?"
Private Students
(T. " T. Clark: various
Six
Five
Minutes'
Papera :
My
prices)and Bible Class Primers (T. " T.
Most
Piei .ant Holiday."
Clark:
6d each) also contain
]Mock Municipal Flection.
trustworthy
Visit
work.
from
Many cf the works designed for
Neighbouring Literary
Society.
the use
of Sunday Scliool teachers
will
Essay: "Thomas
Oarlyle."
of
found
be
useful to members
very
Debate :
Have
too many
we
PerioIn connection
Fellowship Associations.
dica's?"
with
the
Internatio'nal
Scheme
of
Discussion: To-Day's Newspapers,
Lessons
numerous
Lssuy :
Thomas
helps are issued, some
Alva
Edison."
Hat
Subjects.
of them
of great excellence.
The
tish
ScotLantern
Lecture:
"A
Tour in the
Sabbath
School
Teachers'
Book
(R.
Emerald
Isle."
" R. Clark : 3 grades,2s each) is admirably
Musical
Evening.
"The
tion
prepared.
Six Short
Library of DevoPapers: "My
Favourite
Book.
(Methuen, 2s per volume) is a
series
useful
Essay :
most
for
Tennyson's
In
Fellov/ship
Memonam..
Workers.
The
biographies cf John
Debate:
"Should
Parliament
Enact
Woolman.
Wesley, George Fo-x, John
an
Eight Hours
Working Day?"
George Miiller, David Braineard, Henry
Readings, Recitations,
"c.
Martyn, David
Lecture:
Livingstone,Dr Arnold
"Recent
Arctic
Explora^
tion."
of Rugbj', W'iiliam
ways
Carey, "c., will alEssay: "George Meredith."
provide telling illustrations for
Debate:
"Should
the
For
Half-Time
Fellowship Meeting discussions.
System be Abolished?"
other woTks
helpfulfor Fellowshipwork, Mar. 1. Manuscript Magazine.
but of a more
nature,
generallyreligious
Essay: "The
Poetry of William
is referred to the section
the reader
of
Watson."
Should Members
this book
of Parliament
dealing v/ith books of religion ,. 15. Debate :
be Paid?"
and counsel.
22. Dramatic
Performance.
29.
*'
Closing "At Home."
SYLLABUS
OF
IN
FOR
THE
STORY
-
"
*'
-
"
"
.
"
"
*
"
v
,
"
"
"
MEMORIAM."
Syllab
followingsyllabusfor the study of
was
Tennyson's "In Memoriam"
prepared
bv the Rev. A. Middleton, B.D., and used
by the Bible Class of St Margaret's
of
Parish, Arbroath, during the winter
us
for Course
The
Oct. 13.
Themo
The
Spirit of
the
torian
Vic-
Allred Tennyson."
Essay :
Charles
Essay :
Darwin."
Readings from Victorian Poeta.
Essay: "Charles
Dickens."
Essay:" William
Makepeace Thackeray."
"
^
"
The
"
:
"
^
i. ^xxvii.
of the Poem,
Opening Invocation.
Firet Shock of Giicf, 1"8.
The Ship and the Grave, 9-^20.
Love Still Lives, 21" 27._
IL The Cycle of the Past, xxviii. IxxviL
First Christmas-Tide, 28"30.
37.
Reason
and Revelation, 31
the Earthly Life,
The
Heavenly and
40"65.
"
Anniversary of Death, 72 77.
ilL The Cycle of the Present, Ixxviii. ciii.
78"83.
Longing for Communion,
with
Peace
All, 84"89.
Mvstical
Communion
Realised, 90 98.
93"103.
Farewell
to the Old Home,
IV. The Cvcle of the Future, civ. cxxxi.
Christmas-Ticle, 104"108.
Hallam's
Character, 109"114.
L
Lecture
Age."
It is useful in itself and
as
suggestingwhat can be done in the way
of such schemes
of study for Societies :
1892-93.
DiscussingVictorian
Literature.
"
"
"
30.
"
,.
Humorous
Readings from Victorian
Literature.
"
Robert
Essay :
Browning."
Essay: "Thomas
Carlyle."
Lecture:
"The
Drama
during thd
Victorian
Era."
Louis
Essay: "Robert
Stevenson."
Six
Short
Papers: "My
Favourite
Modern
Novel"
(confined to last
25 years).
Essay: "The
Kailyard School."
"
LENG'S
GARDEN
BOOK,
"
"
Springtide, 115"115.
Work
of Time, 117"118,
Retrospect, 120"123.
Victory of Love, 124"128.
Concluding Invocation, 129 ISl*
The
"
Cy.Epilogue;. 'J'hoJ'firFuture*
been reprinted,
This popular book has now
be had
from newsagents
and
and conies may
each, or the book
booksellers, price sixpence
will be sent by post direct from the publishers
for lid in stamps.
"
Book"
of the mosti
is one
Leng's Garden
It is the work
written.
manuals
ever
pTactical
of
a
professional gardener, and will be found
of a small gardea*
pwcer
inynluablet.Q(he
RUSKIN
THE
GREAT
All
books
classes,the
books
ADVICE.
THINKER'S
divisible
are
of all time.
of the
into
hour, and
two
tbe
this distinction
Mark
It is
of quality only.
one
merely the bad book that does not
It is
last,and the good one that does.
distinction
There
of species.
are
a
and
books
for
the
ones
hour,
good
good
"
AND
it is not
not
41
DFBATE.
instead
voice.
READING.
ON
books
WRIT^,
READ,
TO
HOW
that
is mere
ot
conveyance
But
book
a
is written, not
to
multiply the voice merely, not to carry
it merely, but
to
it.
The
preserve
author
has something to say which
he
perceives to be true and nseful, or helpfully
beautiful.
So
far as
be knows,
no
has yet said it; so
one
far as
h6
:
else can
knows, no one
it.
He
ifl
say
bcund
to say it, clearlyand
melodiously
if he may ; clearly,
at all events.
In
the sum
of his life he finds this to be
the thing, or
of things, manifest
group
him
to
this the piece of
true
know",
"
for
all time;
bad
books
for
the
hour,
and
bad
I must
for all time.
ones
define the tivo kinds before I go further.
Tlie good book
I
of the hour, then
do not speak of the bad ones
is simply
useful
the
or
pleasant talk of some
whom
cannot
otherwise
verse
conyou
person
Very u"swith, printed for you.
ful often, tellingyou
what
to
you need
know ; very pleasant often, as a sensible
"
"
friend's
These
wooild be.
of
travels ;
goodhumoured
and witty discussions of questions;
in
livelyor pathetic story-telling
the form
of novel ; firm fact-telling,
by
the real agents concerned
in the events
of
passing history all these books of the
education
as
us
hour, multiplyingamong
becomes
a
more
general, axe
peculiar
characteristic and
possessionof the present
ful
we
ought to be entirelythankage:
for them, and
of
entirelyashamed
ourselves if we
make
no
good use of them.
But we
make
the worst
possibleuse, if we
allow thorn to usurp
the place of true
books : for, strictlyspeaking, they are
books
not
at all, but
merely letters or
in good print.
Our
friend's
newspapers
letter may
bo delightful,or
necessary,
worth
to-day : whether
keeping or not,
considered.
The
be
is to
newspaper
be entirelyproper at breakfast time,
may
but aosuredly it is not reading for all
in a volume,
So, though bound
day.
up
the long letter which
sant
gives you so pleaof the inns, and
account
an
roads,
last year
weather
at such
and
a
place,
which
tells you
that
or
amusing story,
of
or
gives you the real circumstances
valuable
such
and
snch
events, however
not
be, in
for occasional
reference, may
book " at
of the word, a
the real sense
all,nor, in the real sense, to be ''read."
bright
present talk
accounts
ledge, or
sight which
his share of sun/earth
has permitted him
tc
would
fain set it down
for
ever
it on
; engrave
rock, if he could :
saying, This is the best of me ; for th"
rest, I ate, and drank, and slept,loved,
and hated, like another:
life was
as
my
the vapour,
and
is not; but this I saw
and knew ; this, if anything of mine, is
worth
That
is his
memory.''
your
shine
and
seize. He
"
"writing;"
it is, in his small
human
with
whatever
degree of true
inspirationis in him, his inscription,
or
scripture. That is a "Book."
and
way,
Perhaps
written
so
you
?
think
books
no
were
evei
"
'*
not a talkingthing,
LA book is essentially
but a written
thing ; and written, not
of mere
the view
with
communication,
Tlie book of talk is
but of permanence.
printed only because its author cannot
of people at once:
speak to thousands
is
volume
the
if he
could, he would
You
mere
multiplicationof his voice.
friend in India ; if
talk to your
cannot
would j;, you
write
could, you
you.
"
.
But, again, I ask
believe
do
or
in
honesty, or
you
honesty
or
think
do you
at all
you,
at all in kindness?
there
benevolence
None
of us, I
think
that.
wise
man's
,a
to
hope,
in
are
is never
any
wise people?
so
unliappyas
Well, whatever
bit of
work
is
honestly and
benevolently done, that bit is his book
his piece of art.
or
It is mixed
alwaya
with evil fragments" ill-done,
redundant,
affected work.
But
if you
read rightly,
will easily discover
the
true
you
bits)
and those are the book.
books
of this kind
have
been
in all ages
by their greatest
Kow,
written
men"
by great leaders,great statesmen,
and
thinkers.
great
These
are
all at your
choice; and life is short.
You
have
heard
as
much
before
yet
have
not
measured
and
out
mapped
this shoTt life and
its possibilities? Do
know, if you
read
you
this, that you
cannot
read
that
that
what
los"
you
"
"
to-day
Will
cannot
you
you
housemaid,
go
and
gain
gossip
to-morrow
with
your
or
stable
your
boy, when
talk with
Queens and Kings ;
may
flatter yourselves that it is with
or
any
consciousness
of
worthy
own
your
claims
to
respect that you
jostlewith.
the common
crowd
for entree here
and
audience
all the while this
there, when
eternal
is open
court
to you,
with
ita
societywide as the world, multitudinous
its days, the chosen, and the mighty,
as
of every
Into
that
place and time?
you
enter always; in that you may
you may
according to
fellowship and rank
take
into
entered
from
that, once
wish;
vour
It, you
never
can
by your
but
be outcast
panionship,
fault; by your aristocracy of comown
inherent
own
there, your
and
aristocracy will be assuredlytested,
take
to
strive
which
with
you
the motives
the living,
high place in the socio oy of
and
cerity
sintruth
to all the
as
measured,
that
are
to
take
desire
by the place you
in them,
in this
of
company
the
Dead.
"The
place yow desire,"
fit yourselffor, I
place
you
eay;
'because,observe,
the past differs from
in this" it is open
merit,
but
to
this
and
must
court
the
also
of
living aristocracy
all
labour
to
nothing else.
No
and
to
wealth
artifice
no
overawe,
name
will bribe, no
those
Elysian
of
the
guardian
deceive,
vile or
no
sense,
the
In
deep
gates.
At
there.
enters
ever
vukar
person
silent Faubourg
that
o"f
the portieres
brief question,
6t Germain, there is but
to
enter?
rass.
DEBATE.
AND
WIIITE,
READ
TO
HOW
42
think
yourself qualifiedto
ascertain
it first.
And
be
do
sure
but
so,
also, if
is worth
the author
anything, that you
will not get at his meaning all at once
that at his whole meaning you will
nay,
wise.
for a long time
arrive in any
not
he means
Not that he does not say what
in strong words
and
too; but he cannot
it all ; and
is more
what
strange,
say
and
in
in a
hidden
will not, but
way
be sure
parables,in order that lie may
it.
I cannot
want
quite see the
jou
of this, nor
reason
analyse that cruel
men
in the
breasts
of wise
reticence
their
which
makes
them
always hide
"
deeper thought.
They
do
give
not
of help, but of reward,
it you
by way
that
and
will make
themselves
sure
deserve
it before
they allow you
you
with
it.
to
reach
But
it is the same
the
physical type of wisdom, gold.
and
no
There
to
me,
seems,
you
of
electric
the
forces
reason
why
not
whatever
the
should
earth
carry
there
is of gold within
it at
once
that kings and
to the montain-tops, so
all
know
the
that
people might
there ; and
gold they could get was
without
trouble
of
digging, or
any
deserve
you
of
the companion
be
to
ask
you
and
noble,
you
Make
yourself
nobles?
for the conversa^Do
ehall be.
you long
of
anxiety, or chance, or waste
time,
to understand
Juearn
wise?
tion of the
it away,
coin
and
much
cut
as
as
They
other
But
on
it and you shall hear it.
needed.
Nature
does not
But
manage
to
nse
will
not
us,
If
no.
terms?"
you
it so.
She
puts it in little fissures in
The
living
cannot
stoop to you.
we
the
knows
where ; you
earth,
nobody
osopher
courtesy, the living philassume
lord may
and
find
dig
long
may
none;
you
explain his thought to you with
must
dig painfullyto find any.
neither
we
here
but
considerate pain;
it is just the
And
with
men's
same
to
rise
interpret; you must
feign nor
best wisdom.
When
to
come
a
you
would
be
if
thoughts
yo-u
the level of our
ask
must
book,
good
yourself,
you
ings,
feelgladdened by them, and share our
I inclined to work as an Australian
Am
our
would
recognise
if
you
miner
would ?
Are
pick-axes and
my
shovels in good order, and am
I in good
presence."
to
have
is what
you
trim
sleeves
well
This, then,
myself, my
up
You
much.
the
to
elbow, and my breath good, and
do, and I admit that it is
these
people, if my temper?"
saust, in a word, love
And, keeping the figure
tion
ambiNo
them.
be
to
amongst
of tiresomelittle longer,even
at cost
ness,
are
a
you
your
They scorn
use.
is of any
for it is a thoroughly useful one,
love them, and show
must
You
ambition.
of being
the metal
in search
are
you
two
following ways.
these
in
love
the author's mind
or
meaning, his words
your
be
to
desire
true
the rock which
have to crush
a
as
are
1. First, by
you
their
into
enter
and
to
and
smelt in order
to get at it.
And
taught by them,
observe ;
theirs,
into
To
enter
are
own
pick-axes
wit,
care,
your
your
thoughts.
expressed by them.
and
learning; your
to find your own
smelting furnace
not
the book is not
wrote
is your
Do
own
not
thoughtful soul.
If the person who
it ;
read
not
need
ing
wiser than
hope to get at any good author's meanyou, you
from
without
those
tools and
that fire
differently
he will think
if he
"*'
Do
Do
"
be,
you
in
many
V^ery ready
;
we
are
to
will
need
sharpest, finest
chiselling,and patientestfusing, before
gather one
grain of the metal.
you can
And, therefore, first of all, I tell
earnestly and
a.uthoritatively (I
you
often
respects.
say
of
a
book,
you
"How
good this is" that's exactly what
the
But
right feeling is,
I think!"
I never
is!
that
thought
How
strange
I am
Jaiow
right in this),you must
get
of that before, and yet I see it is true;
of looking intensely at
into
habit
the
I
some
I
not
shall,
do
I
hope
if
now,
or
thus
whether
submissively words, and
assuring yourself of their
Bnt
day."
to
that
be
by
syllable nay,
least
meaning,
sure
syllable
at
go
you
or
not,
letter
to get at his meaning, not to
by letter. For though it is only
the author
of the
opposition of letters
find yours.
by reason
Judge it afterwards,if you
"
"
HOW
TO
READ,
43
DEBATR
AND
WRITE,
in
[n the
of signs, to sounds
function
is acting, equivocally,in the
one
every
function of signs, that the study of books
function
of another.
is called
The foregoingis taken from the lcctu~Q
literature," and that a man
the
it
versed
is
in
entitled
Of
called, by
lished
King's Treasuries," pubof letters
of
in
consent
Sesame
Lilies," which
nations, a
man
and
instead of a man
of words, j can
of books, or
be had at almost nominal
now
cost.
yet connect with that accidental i The whole of this brx)k of Ru^kin'n should
you
may
this
real
nomenclature
bo carefully studied by all who
desire to
principle thnt
the
.books
in
all
the
read
read to the highest advantage.
might
you
British Museum
(if you could live long
ate,"
enough), and remain an utterly illiterbut that if you
uneducated
A RESOURCEFUL
ORATOR.
person;
letter
of
read ten
a
book,
good
pages
volt
During the agitation preceding the rereal
with
is to
by letter that
say,
of the Amei'ican
colonies, the great
in some
for evermore
are
accuracy-^you
American
Patrick
orator
was
Henry,
The entire
educated
an
measure
p"rson.
in
once
a
ing,
Speaking
great colonial meetand
education
between
difference
nontellectual
w^liich ho was
education
carrying along with
(as regards the merely inin
this
him in his vehement
denunciations
part of it) consists
^ tho
well-educated
A
gentleman policyof George HI. and his Government,
accuracy.
not kncsAv many
languages, may nr/t he
may
himself*
beyond
suddenly went
but
his O'wn, may
be able to speak any
"had
his
he
said,
''Caesar,"
Brutus,
But
ever
whathave
read very
few books.
the First had his Cromwell^ and
Charles
knows
he
language he knows,
Ere
he could
George the Third
word
he pronounces
whatever
:
precisely
finish the periloussentence, the audience
he
all
above
he
:
rig;htly
pronounces
and
"Treason!
the
alarm,
words ;
caught
of
in the
is learned
peerage
Treason!"
from
descent
of true
and
part of tho
words
knows
the
every
rang
hall where
there were
loyalists.The
ancient
any
blood, at a glance, from words
and
then
orator
all their
stopped for a moment,
canaille ; remembers
of modern
disslowly, but with a voice that quelled
intermarnages,
ancestry their
the
the
wordsj
and
the extent
to
repeated
tautest
uproar,
relationships,
which
admitted, and offices Csesar, I say, had his Brutus, Charles the
they were
First had his Cromwell, and
George the
noblesse
the national
.othej held,
"
"
"
"
''
"
"
"
,
f.
.
words
of
^
countrv.
among
at
any
But
time,
an
and
uneducated
in
any
Third
"
profitby
may
their
example.'*
person
number
of
any
WSTH
TO DEAL
"iOW
LONQ=WINDED
them
all, and yet
ORATORS.
word
of any
not
a
a
A certain Debating Society for a considerable
of his own.
woTd
An
even
ordinarily
sensible seaman
will be able
clever and
not a success.
time was
body
Everyashore
to make- his way
at most
ports -,
debate
at once
wanted
to
; worse
of
yet he has O'ulyto speak a sentence
all the
to debate
still,everybody wanted
an
lan;2;uage i;o be kno"".vn for
any
to
such
time.
Tlie
scionable
unconspeeches grew
the
also as
illiterate person;
so
accent,
to
length that drastic measures
of expressionof a singlesentence
turn
or
And
is
shorten
became
in
mark
them
will at once
scho'lar.
this
the
a
necessary
50 stronglyfelt, so
conclusivelyadmitted
of the sufferingmembers.
interests
Th"
Chairman
both humorous
by educated
per.sons, that a false accent
at once
was
and
is enough, in the
mistaken
01'
a
f.^yllable
practical.He proposed that all speakers
Parliament
civilised nation, to
of
should
be required to stand
any
on
one
leg
certain degree of inferiorwhile
a
assign to a man
speaking, and should close their
standing for ever.
remarks
immediately they failed to
may
Miow
by
languages, and
truly kno'W not
memory
talk
"
serve
pre-
but
it
is a
this
is right;
is
insisted
that
the
on
accuracy
pity
not
greater, and required to a serious
It is right that a false Latin
purpose.
quantity should excite a smile in the
that
it is wrong
of Commons
House
; but
should
falee
English
meaning
a
frown
excite
there.
Let
the
not
a
be
all
of words
accent
watched, by
let
but
their
be
meaning
means,
watched
more
cloiselystill,and fewer
A
will do the work,
well
fe-^ words
well distinguished will
do
chosen and
work
that
thousand
when
a
cannot,
And
their equilibrium. The idea caught
The result was
that the Society be-
on.
extremely popular, although it
sometimes
waj?
happened that a member
the floor while in
to
clo'sured by falling
middle
of a tellingand solemo
the very
camiO
peroration.
Books
the
"
sions, more
cup
of the
but
to
me
miracle
of all my
poBsesv/onderful than
the wishingArabian
port
tales, for they trans-
instantly, not
all times.
"
only
Arnott-
to
all placeSi
4*
BOW
TO
READ.
Al"rD
WRITE.
DEBATJS.
proved of great value to lo'Vers of ama-teur
it
theatricals.
The
diverse
eight pieces which
of very
for
suited
contains
productionreare
particularly
small
from
kinds.
a
They may
range
in the home.
TTiey are simple^
gether
gathering of a few friends brought tolittle or no
and
scenery is required.
for the practical
study of dramatic
Having fixed upon a piece,the members
literature to Societies with a big membershould set abont
mastering it thoroughly.
themselves
absolutely
reproductionsof They should make
bhip,giving fully-staged
clear as to the meaning of every
Informal
passage,
plays before large audiences.
of the correct
and make
sure
tion
pronunciaoften called into
Dramatic
Societies are
If a performance
of every
world.
being in order to provide a bright item
sals
is to be given in publicfrequent rehearsocial
of a concert
in the programme
or
should
should be held.
Each
member
or
endeavour
Sneeting in ooainection with a church
to enter
fully into the spirit
DRA/VIATIC
SOCFETIES.
Societies
Dramatic
are
he is representing,and
of the character
shape of a drjunatic
The
directs.
then, act as his intelligence
such
for
preparation
perone's manner
is the better.
natural
more
of
is
a
fonnanoes
source
undoubtedly
for a piece is always an
Making-up
Itnuch pleasureand profitto those taking
amateur,
interesting occupation for an
is the choice
initial difficulty
J"art. The
ment.
amuseand is in itself productiveof much
Unless
of a suitable piece to be enacted.
the practicaldetails of the
For
of the
one
party is acquainted with a
art, it will be well to consult such a book
it will be well
''How
Fitz-Gerald's
the purpose
Mr
S. J. Adair
as
piece to meet
is
to write to a publisherof such lit-erature
to Make
published by
Up," which
French.
Messrs
for a
catalogue. The best firm of the
kind so far ae an all-round choice is conA Dramatic
Societydepends for its sucother
body
in
the
feketch. The
"
"
French, Ltd., th"^atrical
In
Strand, London, W.C.
is Samuel
ceraed
the
loyalty of its members.
ce"ss
upon
be faithfullyattended.
Rehearsals
must
order to facilitate the making of a chi"icc It is well, in fact, that the rules should
this firm publishesa descriptive
caia'-."gae
specifyfines for late arrival or for nontheir ordinary list, ar^d
to
attendance
at
rehearsals.
in addition
Considering
of
this a good idea of the natiiro
from
that
the
of one
absence
member
may
obtained.
be
various
the
wasted
cause
plays can
a
evening for the others, it
"
Walker
William
Messrs
Sons, Vict^.yria is right that such a rule should be firmly
Of course,
duo weight must
be
.Works, Otley, Yorkshire, publish a large enforced.
lotting
alThe
selection of Sunday sch(X)l dialogues and
given to any legitimateexcuse.
of the parts should
be done by a
lecitations,humorous
diak/gueti^
tempeirWhen
bers
acting memance
dialogues,parlour piaysi,and the non-acting member.
their parts
allowed
choose
like at moderate
to
are
prices. Their cataiog^^e
ters
and se^: of the charactrouble
shows the number
usually follows. In addition to
matic
the Secretary and the Committee, a Drarequiredfor each piece, and in many
of
cases
gives a good idea of tlie nature
Society requiresa stage manager,
89
publishers,
Heywood, Mancliester,
plot. Messrs
teur
piecessuitable for amapublish,
many
reproduction.
Another
good publishing firm for this
the
also
a
property
st.age
Tlio
bo
must
manager,
manager
and
a
the
and
prompter.
prompte?
loyallyobeyed.
is Mr
John
Dicks, 313
OF
CHIEF
FAULT
THE
SPEAKERS.
For
a
stamp he will
of
twelve
hundred
send
over
asked
certain
a
have
catalogue
I
friends,who know
be
can
performed
Penny Plays, which
about publicmeetings than I do,
far more
without
payment of any fee or withoixt
the chief fault of speakers.
to tell me
infringingany rights, and of charades
answer
invariably
lengthiness.
for home
representation. These plays They
few
delivered
which
are
Very
speeches
full stage directions, exits and
contain
be
curtailment.
relative
charwould
c
ast
of
not
improved by
positions,
entrances,
class of literature
Strand,
London.
"
"c.
for lengthinessis to be found
The reason
where
In cases
is it not expresslystated
often
in the fact that
the speaker hais
be performed witho-ut
that plays can
fee, not
his conclusion.
The
word?
prepared
to write to the pubit will be necessary
lishers
treacle flows from
flow from
him
as
a
others
or
holding the rights of
in
fore
Wherestream.
a
thin,
cask,
unending
As
to
obtain
the piece
a
permission.
it is well to consider
for
j'ule permission is easily obtainable
carefullyhow a
amateur
performances.
speech should end, and to put in the
iftcters,costumes,
i
"People's Parlour
"the
series
same
fwhich
the
of
Plays," published in
penny
present volume
^remarkably cheap
handbooks
to
belongs, is
volume^
which
a
has
closingpart something of the pith, the
point, the force, the passion,that carry
an
the
argument
''
British
home.
"
"Claudius
Weekly."
Clear"
in
HOW
HINTS
TO
READ,
WHITE,
TO
AMATEUR
RECITERS.
with
recitations
ment.
judgAs
as
hackneyed
possible choose unpieces of the stylobest suited
(1) Select
elocutionarypowers.
Do not recite
memory.
piece
publicuntil j'^ou have studied it
carefullyand learnt it by rot-e and by
heart.
your
in
4d
DEBATE.
musical
and
eveninqs
socia
|)
meetings.
your
far
to your
own
(2) Train
a
AKD
The
Societywill be found t"l
prosperous
continually brightening its syllabus,
be
and
there
towards
of such
social
are
this
few
end
varieties
meetings
successful
more
than
ae
at
the
means
introduction
musical
evenings and
intervals.
Such
plea--
sober routine ol
tion sant breaks in the more
posieasy
the session can
how
to
Learn
usuallybe easilyarranged,
The best way perhaps is to appoint a Com-*
stand erect and
mitteo of two
three to take charge o^
or
how
with
to
use
a
(4) Learn
pause
the proceedings on
the evening in quesi
effect. A judiciouspause
tive
is grandly effection.
If a s-ocial meeting, there will be 'at
used
when
by a good, reciter.
service of tea, and then a
facial expression (as well as
oi
(5) Your
programme
music
and recitations.
The addition
should
to
of ^si
voice)
story
your
your
convey
short
dramatic
the audience.
The true artist feels what
performance by one
oij
of the
members
often
much
pends two
dehe is reciting,and knows
how
contributeai
of the gathering^
this.
greatly to the success
on
should
that the pro-"
see
a
(6) Do not make
gesture unless it is The Committee
is arranged beforehand.
Vocal
reallyneeded, and unless it prove a help gramme
both to yourselfand to your audience.
music, instrumental
music, readings, re-J
be
(7)Aim at elevatingyour audience by citations, "c., should
judiciousljj
(3) Acquire
before
a
your
graceful and
audience.
still.
Do not recite a piece blended,so as to givevarietyto the wholes
a high ideal.
In regard to musical
for the sake of getting an encore.
evenings, it is n"](
bad
Remember
musical
that
plan to give an individual membei^
ment
accompani(8)
If one
id
to recitation is introduced
as a help, charge of the
arrangements.
musical
friends ia
not as la hindrance.
possessionof numerous
to provide
chosen, he will usuallymanage
be subservient to
(9)The music must
having
The
the recitation.
audience
feel
must
that it helpsto interpret the recitation.
(10)If unable to introduce music yourself
when
to
reciting,be sure
get a
who
musician
understands
and is in sympathy
with your
recitation.
(11)Do not be a copyist. The best reciters
to natural
owe
more
giftsthan to
models.
Your
own
personalitymust play
an
important part. It is better to create
than to copy.
(12) If you wish to attain the simply
ing
grand as a dramatic reciter,begin by begrandly simple. " The Queen."
"
an
attractive
A
Clever
retort.
a
ABOUT
most
for the
valuable
Govan
Division
BOOKS.
Employ your time in improving yoxii**
self by other men's
writings. Socrates.
"
The writings of the wise
richee our
posterity cannot
L an dor.
chieflythrough
with
are
the
only
squander."*
books
that
we
eui
superior minds.-^
Channing.
thing for a
speaker to possess the faculty of ready
Burleigh, the war
repartee. Mr Bennet
in 1885 Radical
didate
cancorrespondent,was
a
very good^
be provided!
vocal talents.
It is
is
may
of the Society reads an'
member
famous
a
al
essay
song writer or on
upon
period of song, and musical illustration^
endowed
withi
are
given by other members
where
joy intercourse
It
A
programme.
evening'sentertainment
shire.
of Lanark-
The
novel, in its best form, I regard aa
of the most
powerful engines of civi*
lisation ever
Herschel.
invented.
one
"
The
of
value
book
a
consists,not iq
what
it will do for our
bui
amusement,
in what
it will communicate.
Grindon.
"
ling,
heckmuch
Would
whether
the tendency
you know
his own.
than
held
but he more
is good or
of
book
evil.P
Examine
a
in
in the shipAt a meeting of the workers
yard
what
of mind
state
it down."/
lay
you
the
of the late Sir William
Pearce,
Southey.
of the men,
Conservative
candidate, one
He
who
writes for fools finds an enor-i
to
know
a
Liberal, wanted
why Mr
audience.
Of bad
books
mous
we
cidf
honest
if
he
were
an
Radical,
Burleigh,
read too little ; of the good nev3i^
never
for the "Daily Telegraph." "Just
wrote
Schopenhauer.
for the same
reason," replied Burleigh, too much.
He
was
subjectedto
"
*
as
the
The
honest Radical, work
in
another
There
is no
enjoyment to equal the em
shipbuilder." joyment of the great intellectual trea-"
yard of a Conservative
which are
heckler
of sures
always at hand and alwayi
collapsed^amidst roars
you,
i3,us:hter.4
at
our
disposalr-^ockbunix
45
The
World,
the
in
Library
Cheapest
PEOPLE.
THE
-^"-"-"4-^
how
.hows
book
"Dn^
pagos.
monns
Invitations, Luncheon
,
pre^;entedera.--ecl
;
or
be
"vnnklcs may
bow
^w
cultivated;
hair should be tended and
del^aik of a similar
and
one
All the thousand
Lve
may
which pernlox the dsLughters of
mturo
treated.
be 8-implyand successfully
^^^f^
Canaries
Kate's
Aunt
48
A
pa-ges.
concise
various
on
been
a
fancier
keen
manage-
a
bird.
Contama
and
Parlour
Conjuring
Kate's
Aunt
Magic.
48 papes.
No
Gives
boyhood
since
stuff
to
instructions how
illustrations.
liumerous
irickia
introduced
uiiicli
much
pecuniary outlay for apparatus.
demands
easily available nrticles as
with such
Tricks
cards are
given
coins, eggs, handkerchief s, and
Here are a few of the heaaings :
in abundance.
\\'ater
into
to
Change
Corks, Kow
"Magic
AmuseWine" String Tricks, Some After-Dmner
Tricks with Glasses, Magic Squares, The
nients
"c.
Lovers' Knot, A Bridge of Dominoes, "c.,
'
Aunt
Cookery
Kate's
48 pajr^s,
Book.
in
tarian
recipes for Soups, Broths, VegeDesserts,
Dishes, Pastries, Puddings,
Uakes
Supper Dishes, Breakfast Dishes,
Baucis
and
Dainties, Invalid Cookery, Jams
Christmas
"o.
i ai^
Oandios,
Beverages,
Pickles,
Jellies,
and
iry,
instructions how to Roa^t, Bake, Boil,
""., "C.
Contains
oo^er.
4^
Book.
Music
Dance
Kate's
miisio
to give good dance
An
attempt
|"g"'".
Aunt
Ht
price. Tho
minimum
a
work
has
been
and
'tlieArt
done
41
Introductions,
versation,
Parties, Con-
Dinner
Entertaining, LetterEtiquette, Courtship and
Writing, Ballroom
ing,
Marriage, Engage merits, Christenings. Mournof Dressing,
Ktiquctto for Men, the Art
iko. Tho various subjectsare discussed on broad
general lines.
Fairy
Kate's
Aunt
of
No^
1
2.
and
40 pages
Book.
Gardening
by a tiio roughly practicalan4
Kate's
Aunt
Tales.
Attractively illustrated.
Grimm.
from
each.
48 pages
creatures,
domestioatod
Follow of the
written in a popular strain by a
has made
Zoological Society who for 40 years
and
ha"
nature,
"
special fitudy of animated
the
of
xnent
Eti^^uette.
Visiting,
Stories
Pets.
Home
the
and
treatise
with
Deals
is
beauty, may
dieting ; how
of fresh air, exercise, and proper
and
l^rightened
cicared
bo
may
complexions
o v
of
aecf"t
of
Book
Kate's
Aunt
pa^.s
J^8
the
Book.
health, which
be preservedby
Beauty
Kate"5
Aant
Entirely written
and revised with greai
is conveniently group"M
various
months, and very valuably
under
and
flower
for both
vegetable
remembrancers
upi
gardens are also given. Other articles mako
most
a
practical book.
gardener,
experienced
information
The
the
care.
Advice
cover.
Preliminaries
How
Women.
to
to
to
Household
ture,
ExpendiAdvico
on
Renovating, "
for Cleaning and
Housewives,
Hints
"c.,
of Personal
in
48 pages
Information.
and
Maidens,
Men
Young
for
Marriage, Employments
Good
Looks, Hints to
Keep
iiandybook
Kate's
Aunt
Household
and
"c.
Kate's
Aunt
No.
Book,
2.)
48
(Knitting
Work.
Home
handbook
A
pace?.
ov
Knitting. Contains useful hints and directions
Deals with Socks, Stocb
art.
for this womanly
ings, Ve8t(5, Petticoats, Siippers, Caps, Gloves,
Sofa
Blankets,
Jerseys, Shawls, Comforters,
D'Oyieys,Lace Edgings, "c.. "c
in
cover.
Furnishing
Mistress
Household
a
and
Guide.
Household
Kate's
Aunt
pages
48
Contains:
Choosing a Houao,
Daily Duties,
House, Household
How
Table,
a
Maid,
to. Lay
"
Clothes, I-nundry
Stores, Washing
Hints, Spring Cleaning, tho Care of Lampa,
Helps to Longevity, "c., "c.
is widely
whose
name
is
book
The
of music.
and
Crochet
Kate's
Aunt
Knitting
structing
requirements, and is equally Book.
uselul guide in inA
40 i)age3.
nidst
Buited to average
and
in the home.
BcrTicca-ble in the ballroom
in a necessary
end enjojthe young
Country
No
tho knitting of
Describes
popular danc" htis been omitted.
art.
able household
all
and Waltzes are
Lancers, Quadrilles,
Dances
stockings, socks, bootees, slippers, potticoata,
for
26
woU
represented. Music is supplied
vests,
by
a
known
capable author,
in
the
world
d"noee.
Aunt
Kate's
Dressmaking
Book.
48
mits,
nightcaps,drawers, semmets, shawls,
qiillts,
gives instructions for tho
caps, "c., and
making of a wide voxioty of articles by crocliot
work.
Deals
with tho
A
practical manual.
48 raerfp"
Letter
Kate's
Writer.
Aunt
the reduction and
taking of self-measurements,
exactly to say it.
of paper
patterns, the placing of Tells what to say and how
"nLargement
letters are
of model
given a"
patterns, tho choosing of materials, the cutting A "?reat variety
the subject of
valuable hints on
well as many
oat of cloth, the putting together of tho various
tq
trationsoorrespondenco. The subjectsinclude :" How
diagrams and illusparts, "c., "c. Numerous
to
Seek a Situation,
Envelopes, How
given. Spocial attention is deyotod Address
are
to Accept on Invir
The
book has been
written, How to Send a Present, How
to underclothing.
How
U.
Marriage.
to
Propose
tation. How
but for tho
for
tho skilled dressmaker,
not
t"ages.
bomo
worker, "i;d techjjical torwa
*rf"
largely Express Condolence,
i AnnQ^nc^in^nte,
How
How. W
to
Write
M"ik"
"
Newspepof
WUl. "c^ "A.
47
48 pages.
Guide.
Aunt
Kate's Mother's
Will
manual.
save
'A most
ToJuable
many
in doctor's bills. Complete
guidance
pounds
moral
for nursery
Physical and
management.
ftilmcnta.
of
cost
an
about
Facts
cycloposdia
hygiene
of
ordinary
Kate's
Aunt
The
Deala
less
to
48 pages.
Teller.
People's Fortune
fashion with the numbers
an
interesting
in
superstitions
by which
There
and
cure
are
of
newspaper.
the
Fan,
are
stillencircled^
PreoiouB
Meanings, Tho St^rs and
their
and
Meanings,
48
Rhymes.
Nursery
we
also valuable
chapters on Palmistry
of
Charjucter-Reading, Tho
Language
The
quette
Stamps,
Language of Flowers, The Eti-
children's
food, "o., "c. An onthe
at
and
education
How
training of children.
Con^mued,
HANDBOOKS--
PENNY
LENQ'S
Stones and
their
Good
Fortune, Namoa
Plant
SuporetitioES,
trated. "o., "0.
attractive
profusely illuscover,
Will be certain to delight the children.
The
and
Guide
People's Ball-Room
have given pleasure
The favourite rhymes which
Manual
of Dancing.
96 pagee,
foimd
will
be
handy vert
to generation after
generation
Cocka
Jiere. such as Little Bo-Peep, Ride
pocket size.
that Jack
Hoi-se, Jack and Gill, The. House
40
The
Book.
People's Chess
page?i.
Built, The Queen of Hearts; Tom, the Piper's
Diddle, Diddle;
Bon; Little Boy Blue; Hey!
ginner
The intricacyof chees as a rule baflfleathe beJack Sprat, Simple Simon. Little Miss Muffet,
who
would
learn the game
simply by
Weo
Willie Winkie, "c., "c.
observation.
The
object of the People's Chees
Book
is to bridge over
and
to
this difiaculty,
48
to Read,
How
Debate.
Write, and
present in a form within the reach of all direo*
handiest
The
guide for Literary and
page^.
b" foltions for playing the gam.e, which
can
Tells
How
Read
to
Societies.
to
Debating
lovv'ed easily without any other assistance. The
the
Profit. Gives Hints
Choice
Books.
of
on
are
explained at length.
bating, principal openings
Advico on Essay-Writing, Public Speaking, DeThere
diagxame.
numerous
are
and Elocution.
How
Fellowto Conduct
and
enlarged
The People's Domino
Bhip Meetings, "c., "c. New
Book.
40 pages.
edition.
Written
Describes
by an
all the
expert.
popular styles of playing the game.
Telia
A
40
fiov/ to Write
EnsfHsh.
pat^es,
in
pagps.
handy
Guide
to'
how
Contains
Hints
Choice
tho
of
Composition.
Dominoes
originated.
Gives
clear
in"
structions for the guidance of learners,as well
Spelling, Punctuation,
of Words,
Words, the Arrangement
Descriptive as hints which will be useful for more
enced
experiWriting, Essay Writing,
Writing, Narrative
tricks which can
players. Numerous
be
about
I"etterWriting, Scotticisms,"c., "o.
done
The
with
the
aid
of dominoes
are
London.
to
96 pages.
Leng's
methodical
a
pkn. and giving
Arranged on
the
will enable
clear
instructions
Buch
as
and
authoritative
guide to a game
culty. capable of furnishing amusement
v/ithout diffiabout
stranger to find his way
of the
Illustrated with numerous
winter
maps
evenings.
Guide
routes
The
for
Games
48
Everybody.
by
instructions as to the playing
of them
of games
many
of them
inventions,
old
new
all of them
delightful. There are also articles
drums,
Shadow
Pictures, Conunto Make
How
on
ing
with Figures, Mental
Magic, ActFun
Charades. Forfeits,Fine Art Collection, "o,
useful aid to
T'He book will be found a most
Contains
great number
favourites, some
"uccoss
in
a
People's Doctor.
medical
are
full
which
is.
for many
Shows
how
pages.
to make
the most
Prepared
reputMion,
Trsats
of medical
of the various
ailments
ance.
attend-
that flesh
is heir to.
to Treat
Special chapters on How
Burns, Obesity, The Care of the Feet, Hygiene
of the Hair, Skiu
Complaints, Digestion and
Indigestion,Hints to the Anaemic, The Treafci
of Colds, "c., "o.
ment
paxty-giving.
Dream
Penny
Tolls what
56
practitionerof wide
"
The
The
rying
car-
described.
Parlour
pages.
of a
described.
Club
and the
forming of a Domino
Tournament
through of a Domino
cai-efullydetailed. Altogether this is a
dreams
Book.
48
signify, Deals with
page.q.
Written
People's
Dog
Book.
40
pages.
practicalauthority. Contains:
About
A Talk
Dogs, Varieties and All About
to Keep a Dog, Tho
Them, How
Breeding of
to Buy
Dogs, The
Pet, How
Dog as a Home
Dogs, The Dog as a Companion, Dogs and their
it Pay
to Keep
Prices, Does
Dogs? Hoir to
and their Cure, How
to
Train
Dogs, Ailments
Liceneeflj
Destroy
a
Dog, Facts about
Dog
Plowto
Dreams
Come, A Recipe
Rtop a Drosm, Whence
we
Dreaming
Begins, What
for Dreams, When
Gives in dictionaryform the
do in Dreams, "c.
and
tho
Tarious subjects occurring in dreams
that attaches to each.
aignifi.canoo
Burns.
48 pages.
The
People's Penny
Contains
Beautiful
portrait of poet on cover.
a ropreeentativeselection of the
poems.
by
a
"
"c., "c.
The
People's Draughts
Book.
40 pnge?.
48 pnges.
Cover
Songs of Burns.
interests
of both
learners and
advanced
The
has fine picturesof tho'poet and his birthplace.
is prowork
mind.
The
in
are
kept
players
of
of
the
bestall
words
Tlie book contains the
cluding
People's
of the Scottish National
Bard, inpared by the Draughts Editor of the
known
songs
To
Robin;
Rantin', Rovin'
Mary in Journal," a player and writer of tho widest
taken
lines
vt^hich have
Many
Hae, A
Lang Syne, Scots Wha
experience.
Heaven, Auld
of study and
Jo ; Mary
analysis to elucidate ara
years
Red, Red Rose ; John Anderson, my
portant
Majiy imMcrlson, Wandering Willie,My Nannie's Av^a', here puiblished for the first time.
have their mqvemente
givea ii|
I Love my
Jean, The Banka o' Dopn, 'JUm Glon,
games
The
"
Afton
Water,
"o.,
"g.
;i
detaiL
BONNIE.
O
"
SCOTLAND
of
PORTFOLIO
.
...
SCENERY
SCOTTISH
"^"""^"-
THE
LOVELY
LOOHS.
THE
COSY
THE
RUGGED
MOUNTAINS.
THE
STIRRING
A
20
OF
PHOTOGRAPHS
400
GALLERY
PICTURE
20
PARTS"
AND
IN
PHOTOS
PRICE
OF
Post
Free,
''PEOPLE'S
"v^^naaM*"
ALL
9d.
per
Part,
FRIEND"
from
TOWNS.
GAZETTEER.
EACH.
PER
SEVENPENCE
AND
NEWSAGENTS
HAMLETS.
BOOKSELLERS.
''PEOPLE'S
OFFICES,
PART
Bank
JOURNAL"
Street, Dundee.
and
The
Best
and
Cheapest
Dictionary,
Concise"ndli$D
Dictionarp
ANNANDALE,
CHARLES
By
Editor
^"^^^
Foo'scap4to
31/ \M
"
W%
Stands
towards
BLACKIE
"
864
"
Pages, over
LL.D.,
London,
^^^
Cloth.
100,000 Entries,
character
words, it holds'the
in other
SON,
M.A.,
^'"Imperial
Dictionary.**
Dictionaries of the smaller
other
to rival lexicons
of the
in the relation of the
'premier' place."
"
Glasgfow,
il / BS
Iwi^crial
^^l ^M
Spectator.
and
Dublin.
Coloured Cover.
In Handsome
Post Free, 2d. each.
48
Pages. Music
in SoI=fa and Staff Notations.
tt'r
^
AUNT
KATE'S
PENNY
BOOKS.
SONG
AUNT
KATE'S
SCOTTISH
SONGS,
No.
1.
AUNT
KATE'S
SCOTTISH
SONGS,
No.
2.
AUNT
KATE'S
SCOTTISH
SONGS,
No.
3.
THE
PEOPLE'S
ENGLISH
SONGS,
No.
1.
THE
PEOPLE'S
ENGLISH
SONGS,
No.
2.
THE
PEOPLE'S
WELSH
SONGS,
No.
1.
THE
PEOPLE'S
WELSH
SONGS,
No.
2.
THE
PEOPLE'S
IRI^H
CREAM
THE
to
Acknowledged
Of
FAMOUS
all
SONGS.
MINSTRELSY.
NATIONAL
OF
be the Best
Music
and
Newsagents,
and
ever
Cheapest Oollection
published.
Booksellers, and
ONE
PENNY
JOHN
LENQ
Bookstalls.
EACH.
"
CO., Ld.,
PUBLISHERS,
DUNDEE
; AND
186
FLEET
ST.,LONDON.
of
Songs