1. hobbies and interests
2. inventors and patents

THE
UNITED
STATES
PATENT
LAW.
^
INSTRUCTIONS
How to ObtainLettersPatent
INCLUDING
RULES
A
AND
PATENTS
INVENTIONS:
NEW
FOR
VARIETY
;
USEFUL
OF
PRACTICE
OF
How
TO
ASSIGNMENTS
INFORMATION
THE
SECURE
FOREIGN
LICENSES
AND
OF
STEAM-ENGINE,
PRINCIPAL
ETC.,
PUBLISHED
37
BY
MUNN
Park
ETC.
"
CO.,
37
AT
THE
AMERICAN,
IP^RK:
1870.
OF
PATENTS,
New-Yoik.
Row,
SCIENTIFIC
isro.
LEMS,
PROB-
CO,, SOLICITORS
No.
THE
TABLES,
CALCULATIONS,
"
DENSING
CON-
THE
MENTS,
MOVE-
MECHANICAL
VALUABLE
MUNN
FOR
GRAVINGS
EN-
WITH
AND
THE
SELL
TO
FORMS
;
TOGETHER
;
How
;
PATENTS
DESCRIPTIONS
AND
CONCERNING
PATENT-OFFICE
OFFICE
OF
THE
ENTERED,
according
of
Act
to
MUNN
in
the
Clerk's
Office
District
Southern
S.
16
and
"
District
the
of
18
W.
Jacob
in
Congress,
the
year
1S65,
l"y
CO.,
Court
of
of
New-York.
GREEN.
Street,
Xew-York.
the
United
States
for
the
TO
HOW
INVENT.
V
we
were
the
course
asked
life,
business,or
of
which
enterpriseupon
of
point out
to
any
man
ordinarygiftsmight enter,
with
the
best
prospects of
speedy success,
should
we
direct
and
Many
have
him
to
vention.
in-
wonderful
the achievements
been
hesitatingly
un-
of
genius. But the realm
of invention
is absolutelyexhaustless,and only its outer
edgeshave been explored.The
modern
world
astoundingtriumphs of
most
It is
popular
a
error
constant
painfuleffort,
failures
some
success.
to suppose
of
money
of
yet
over
matter.
that
to
witness
much
disappointment,and
the
knowledge,
weari-
many
or's
to an inventpreliminaries
necessary
True, there are individual examples of this
are
the
kind ; they are exceptions.
It may
be affirmed as the
make
mind
has
generalrule,that
inventors
and with less expenditure
easily,
than any other class
or labor,
thought,capital,
quickly,more
more
men.
It may
also
be
which
speculations
introduction
of
affirmed
are
new
investments
profitable
The
readiest way
that
connected
inventions
that
can
your
seek
eyes and
to know
The
young
general laws
and
are
with
the
among
be made.
enterprisesand
developmentand
the most
sure
and
keep thinking. In order
with a constant
succession
of subjects,
should
cultivate habits of observation.
Keep
Examine
ears
things about you, and
open.
how
they are made, and how improved.
inventor
should
acquire a knowledge of the
and principles
istry,
of natural philosophy,chemto invent
to supply the mind
the inventor
industrial
all of the sciences.
is to
INVENTIONS
SMALL
MOST
PROFITABLE.
might be occupied with drawing and with
books
of
suggestive of improvements. To avoid waste
time
in reproducing old devices, the inventor
should
be
that have alreadybeen
well posted in regard to inventions
entific
patented. For this purpose, an attentive study of The SciAmerican
will be almost
indispensable.
the followinguseful remarks:
Journal makes
The Boston
Leisure
"
Of
hours
in order
course,
to
succeed, a
invention
new
be
must
be sold
any thing that has preceded it,and must
pricethat will enable it to be brought into generaluse.
superior to
at
a
afford to throw
People cannot
new
Let
inventors
and
they will
ones
are
be
MOST
official report of
an
for
up
moderate
a
loss.
the
price,
of success."
sure
INVENTIONS
Ix
implements unless
enough better to make
at
produce a good article,
the
SMALL
old
away
Chief
a
PKOFITABLE.
of the United
Examiner
"
find the following
A
we
:
Office,
patent, if
it is worth
properlymanaged, is worth and
any thing,when
thousand
dollars.
can
easilybe sold for from ten to fifty
These
remarks
only apply to patents of minor or ordinary
value.
They do not include such as the telegraph,the
planing-machine,and the rubber patents, which are worth
States
Patent
each.
millions
my
'
A
man
A
few
States,and
fortythousand
a
inventor
to thresh
and
patent for
after
tour
a
dollars
in
obtained
clean
'
no
shows
of
extension
its
equivalent.
of
a
A
third
chine
patent for a masold it,in about fifteen
grain,and
sold it for about
finally
These are ordinarycases
very
lustrate
il-
slightimprovement in
invention
through the
eightmonths, returned
cash,or
dollars.
months, for sixty thousand
ink, and
patent for a printer's
and
a
of his
model
a
Western
'Another
will better
meaning.
obtained
straw-cutters, took
with
of the first kind
cases
refused
obtained
thousand
fifty
sixtythousand
of minor
a
I
dollars,
dollars.
invention,embracing
dreds
hunof which
and
powers,
Office every year.
Experience \
considerable
inventive
go out from the Patent
that the most
profitable
patents
invention,and
tain very littlereal
of littlevalue."
server
are
are
to
those
a
which
con-
obsuperficial
1
i
HOW
OBTAIN
TO
HOW
PATENTS.
OBTAIN
TO
PATENTS.
HE
first inquirythat presents itself
who
has made
to one
ment
any improve"
tain
discoveryis : Can I obA positive
?"
a Patent
answer
had
be
can
only
by presenting a
for a Patent
complete application
or
to
the
Commissioner
of Patents.
consists of a Model,
application
Oath, and full
Drawings, Petition,
Various officialrules
Specification.
An
and
formalities must
The
to do
are
also
served.
ob-
efforts of the inventor
all this business
without
generally
ter a season
be
himself
success.
Af-
1
of great perplexity
and
is usually glad to seek
delay,he
the aid of persons experiencedin patent business,and have
all the work
done over
again. The best plan is to solicit
proper advice at the beginning.
If the partiesconsulted are honorable
men, the inventor
ther
safelyconfide his ideas to them ; they will advise whemay
the improvement is probablypatentable,
and will give
him all the directions needful to protect his rights.
ness
We
(MuNN " Co.)have been actively
engaged in the busiof obtainingpatents for over
twenty-fiveyears. Many
thousands
A
of inventors have
largeproportionof
Those
who
have
all
made
had
benefit from
patents grantedare
inventions
and
our
counsels.
obtained
desire
by us.
to consult
invited
regardto obtainingpatents are cordially
We
shall be happy to see them
in person
to do so.
at our
to advise
or
them by letter. In all cases, they may
office,
expect from us an honest opinion. For such consultations,
no
opinion,and advice,we make
charge. A pen-and-ink
sketch
and a description
should be sent,
of the invention
togetherwith stamps for return postage. Write plain; do
not use
pencilnor pale ink ; be brief.
All business committed
to our
care, and all consultations,
Address
are
kept by us secret and strictly
confidential.
MUNN
" Co.,37 Park Row, New- York.
with
us
in
EXAMINATIONS.
SPECIAL
SPECIAL
EXAMINATIONS.
FEE
N
$5.
a
it will be
cases
many
of
measure
PRELIMINARY
consists
at
^,
the
house
EXAMINATION.
of
the
completion
specialsearch,made
U. S. Patent
ington,
WashOffice,
of our
through the medium
in that city,
to ascertain whej
j
ther,among
all the
i
patents and
models
there
be
found
the
party concerned,with
Our charge for this service is $5.
advice.
to
of
stored,
which
a
patent.
a
written
suitable
patented,the time and expense
constructingmodels, preparing documents, etc.,will,in
If the
of
can
thousands
any
will prevent the grant of
of this specialsearch, we send
report of the result
This
a
invention
On
as
advisable,
prudence,to order a
most
device
has
been
of this search ; if the
by means
cases, be saved
has been in part patented,the applicantwill be
to
modify
his
claims
and
vention
inabled
en-
expectations accordingly.
Many other obvious advantages attend PreliminaryExnination,although the strictest search does not always
whether
enable the applicantto know
a
absolutely,
patent
will be granted.
for patents are sometimes
For example, applications
jected
rethe Examining Officer finds a description
of
because
the allegedinvention in some
foreignpublication
; or some
has been previouslyrejected
other person
on
an
analogous
other
device ; or some
invention,for a similar purpose,
in its construction
the applicant's
resembles
partially
; or
makes
decision.
the Government
an
unjust or uncommon
of these contingenciesdoes the Preliminary
Against none
Examination
provide.
inform
It will,however, generally
the applicantwhether
an
improvement similar to his,and used for the same
pose,
purhas
ever
been
patentedin
this country.
are
ed
requestdesiringthe PreliminaryExamination
and furnish us with
sketch or
the fee,($5,)
to remit
a
photograph,and a brief explanationof the invention.
Parties
GENERAL
Where
examination
$5
for each
INFORMATION.
is wanted
be
must
sent
separate, careful search.
Row, N. Y.
each
as
;
"
tion,
inven-
one
device
MUNN
Address
OTHFB,
than
more
upon
requires
a
Park
Co.,37
INFORMATION.
for generalinformation
you wish
rules and
law
of Infringeto the
ments,
IF
as
Reissues,Claims, etc.,state your
and
remit
inquiriesclearly,
$5. Opinions
in specialcases
of Infringement
cost
See
more.
If you
16.
page
for advice
in
wish
regard to
rightsof parties
the
under
or
assignments,or upon
assignments,joint ownership in patents,
the points clearly
which
state
licenses,
upon
is wanted, and remit $5.
the
If you desire to know
in whose
name
is officially
recorded, at Washington ;
for
a
Patent, send
etc.,and
the
us
remit
of transfer
of all the deeds
abstract
an
title to
if you
connected
or
of the patentee, date
name
a
of
tracts,
con-
formation
in-
ent
Patwish
with
patent,
$5.
the drawings of any Patent,
If you desire a sketch from
and a description
from the specification,
give the patentee's
date of the patent, and remit $5.
name,
If you desire to have an assignment ot a Patent,or any
share thereof,
made
out in the proper
or
a license,
manner,
full
of
and
the
the
names
us
on
record,
placed
give
parties,
title of
residences,
includes
in
in
remit
thereof
or
This
grant of
a
patent.
inventions need
Washington.
For
fore
assigned either betracts
Agreements and conbe recorded,like assignments,
to
any
agreement
or
contract
wish
We
look up
or
$5.
be
may
prepared,remit $5.
that we
Remember
(B21F*
(MuN.v " Co.)have
to
Washington, and have constant access
you
records.
or
shares
regard to
at
that
or
after the
or
invention,etc.,and
fee.
record
Inventions
the
can
for you
therefore make
any
branch-offices
all the
public
for you
any kind of search,
ents,
in regard to Patsort of information
Inventions,or Applications for Patents,either pending
that
rejected,
you
may
desire.
HOW
FILE
TO
CAVEATS.
CAVEATS.
times
filingof a Caveat is oftenof great importance,as it may
ed
be quicklydone, and affords a limitimmediate
but
protection.The
filingof a Caveat prevents, during
ifc
THE
its
existence,the issue of
without
\
ator,
the
to any
device.
of the Cavefor
other person
The Caveator
lar
simi-
a
is entitled
^:
official notice, during a
periodof one year, of any other pe-
__;
tition for
'-
receive
to
-
-
knowledge
patent,
a
a
patent for
a
similar
or
interferinginvention,filed during
On
that time.
cial
receivingsuch offinotice,the Caveator is required
to
complete his own
application
within
of the notice.
A Caveat
consists
Petition.
months
from
the
date
Specification,
Drawing, Oath, and
should
of any
be
be
value, these papers
plied
up, and the official rules scrupulouslycom-
To
drawn
carefully
with.
three
Xo
of
model
a
is
required.
facilitiesenable
Our
us
Caveat-paperswith great dispatch.
When
desired,we can have them ready to send to
specially
the applicant,
for signatureand affidavit,
by return mail, or
is $10,
The
official fee for a Caveat
at an
hour's notice.
and we
panying
generallycharge $10 or "15 to prepare the accomand attend to the business
making $20 or
papers
to prepare
"
$25"in
A
$10
all.
Caveat
a
aliens who
To enable
a
can
be
extended
by paying
filed by citizens of the United
only be
can
us
resided
have
their intention
is
year, and
a
year.
Caveats
and
for
runs
to
to
become
prepare
sketch,drawing,or
invention,with which
here
one
all that
Caveat
fees
States,
clared
de-
have
citizens.
papers,
photograph, and
remit
year
and
as
we
need
of
description
above.
Model
not
the
quired.
re-
EXPENSES
OF
OBTAINING
A
PATENT.
PATENTS.
UNDER
the
present American
the same
law, all persons
pay
official fees,without distinction as
to
nationality.Patents
granted
also
to
the
and
women
executors
or
of deceased
also
are
minors
;
trators
adminis-
inventors.
The
first government
for
an
filing
application
is
fee
on
patent
a
to this
$15 ; stamps, $1.
the attorney'scharge for drawings,
and
ance
attendspecification,
Add
Ibefore
for
or
"
be
,
Munn
"
case
services
is,
fee and
In order
send
a
with
an
to
model
of
-
and
Business,
apply for
of the
patent, all that
a
invention
mind
the
to
Munn
merits
and
spellingor
particularto give
ideas
in
your
also the first government
drawings and
signatureand
for
not
put the money
liable to be
draft.
stolen.
See page
20
-
-
$61
is to
is necessary
" Co.,by express,
working
grammar,
full about
of
but
the
the
vention.
in-
be
very
invention.
fee of
oath.
in the box
Remit
11.
25
$16. We will then
and send
the latter
specification,
the
prepare
$16
$41
Patent, (ifa simple case,)
explanation of
us
is then
-
cost
Never
$20
-
of
fWhole
Do
-
making the application,
Government
fee,payable if allowed,
Second
to you
stamps,
of
COSTS.
OF
RECAPITULATION
Co.,Specifications,
Drawings,
*Cost
Send
government fee
second
allowed,"a
paid.
First Government
or
charge for these
simple cases, $25 ; and from that priceupward to $35
according to the time and labor required. If the
more,
patent is
to
Our
the Patent-Office.
of the
business
to the
with
by express,
the
model, for it is
postal order, check,
10
AND
AMENDMENTS
AMENDMENTS
APPEALS.
AND
APPEALS.
Munn
WE,
tensive
"
Co.,have
Branch
House
an
ex
in Wash"
ingtou, employing a corps of
skilled assistants,
and we
it
make
our
special
duty to watch over the
of our clients while they are
cases
the
before
Patent-Office.
officer
objects to the
ferences,
grant of the claims,or gives reor requiresamendments,
the references,
examine
and
we
make the amendments, if we deem
examining
^"."^"^
^BKHiBliiiiiSH^
them
proper,
patent
allow
as
so
to
of obtaining
probabilities
decision
by an appeal to
cant
government fee payableby the appliis
the
to
Examiners-in-Chief,
an
$10.
on
appeal
making
and
this
for
appeal are
preparing
conducting
charges
moderate, and in part contingentupon success.
First
very
refuses to
Chief.
Examiners-in
Our
as
client's
our
report the fact
we
case,
to the
reversal of the examiner's
a
the
him
inform
and
client,
our
of
the examiner
rejectsthe
patent, and
a
allowance
the
secure
possible.When
as
soon
to
as
If the
"
Second
Chief
The
Appeal.
"
appeal
an
Patents.
Appeal.
of Patents
an
appeal
District of
of the
the
of
Commissioner
of the Commissioner
the decision
From
"
to
fee,$20.
Government
Third
taken
be
may
of the Examiners-in
the decision
From
Appeal.
may
be
Columbia.
taken
The
Supreme Court
applicantpays all the
to
the
costs.
REJECTED
We
shall
be
happy
defective papers
for themselves
or
Address
Munn
to
CASES.
take up REJECTED
CASES,
for partieswho have made
to
pay
within
a
patent has been
the second
two
years,
to
model
re-
tion
applica-
derate.
mothrough other agents. Terms
" Co.,statingthe particulars.
LAPSED
WHERE
or
CASES.
allowed
but forfeited
by neglect
the
fee,
case
maybe renewed
government
a new
application.See page 60.
by filing
MODELS
ABOUT
AND
11
REMITTANCES.
REMITTANCES,
MODELS,
ETC.
ERSONS
who
law
by
are
furnish
apply
a
illustrated
model
to
cases
can
be
trated
partly illus-
or
by
tents
pa-
required
model, in all
the invention
where
for
The
model.
a
exceed
not
must
twelve inches in any of its
dimensions
be
; it should
of hard
neatly made,
or
metal,or
other
material
the inventor
should
Where
known
some
on
consists
invention
the
machine,
whole
of
part
or
will
of
however,
perfect,
sufficiently
and operationof the invention.
nature
patent
one
not
be
the
When
or
cannot
be taken
a
composition,samples
new
spicuously.
con-
ment
improvea
full
be
More
than
model.
one
on
consists of
the invention
a
out
it
It
necessary.
ness,
to show, with clear-
model
should
the
an
of
name
machine,
a
working
of
tial
substan-
; the
painted upon
engraved or
be
wood
article of manufacture
new
of the
article must
be
furnished.
New
tures
medical compounds, and useful mixmedicines
or
nished,
of all kinds,are
patentable. Samples must be furbe made
of the
and a very minute
must
statement
used.
proportionsand ingredients
exact
specimen is ready,it should be
boxed
and
carefully
shipped,by express or otherwise,to
" Co.,No. 37 Park Row, Newour
address,namely, MUNN
York
City. Prepay the expense, and send the express
receiptto us by mail.
or
Simultaneouslywith the model or specimens,the inventAs
soon
should
as
also
fee and
either
way
or
the model
send
us
or
the first instalment
stamps, $16.
The
money
express, with the model, or
to remit is by draft on New- York,
by
by Post-Office order.
model, and
also with
the
Always
may
of
the Government
be
by mail.
payableto
send
a
forwarded
The
safest
our
order,
letter with
remittance,statingthe
name
the
and
12
NEW
of the
address
sender.
but
containingmoney,
models
also
are
INVENTIONS.
We
sometimes
without
any
name
us
from
frequentlysent
receive
envelopes
or
explanation;
equallyunknown
sources.
descriptionshould also be sent with the
the
model, embodying all the ideas of the inventor respecting
is
operationand merits of the improvement. This statement
often of assistance to us in preparingthe specification.
and Government
On the receptionof the model
fee,the
is duly registered
our
books, and the application
case
upon
the documents
proceeded with as fast as possible. When
amination,
are
ready,we send them to the inventor by mail,for his exwith
letter
and
of instruction,
a
affidavit,
signature
the
is
then
Our
case
etc.
due, and
feefor preparing
will be called for. Immediately on its return, the case
will
and as soon
the patent
be presentedto the Patent Office,
as
is allowed,the applicantwill be notified to remit
the last
of
and
the Government
instalment
the
fee,namely, $20,
A
full written
patent will then be issued.
who
Inventors
of their
state
possiblefor
us
do
applicationin
do
to
of the
attendance
with
business
We
so.
will be notified of the
the Patent
do
inventor,unless
great complication; the
us
business
it is
Office,when
the
require
personal
not
the
be
can
is
invention
done
as
one
of
well
by
correspondence.
time
required to procure a patent is six
average
We
frequentlyget them through in less time ; but
The
weeks.
in other
cases, owing to
the period is sometimes
and
cases
Be
even
as
more.
latter.
A
favor
a
Never, under
can
others.
make
a
part of the
to
three
two
or
specialpoint to
officials,
months,
forward
our
lavish
niggardly;of
nor
the two, avoid
the
is
universallydespised,but publicto preferment
stepping-stone
; therefore,
generous
mean
should
feelings
you
extended
the
rapidlyas possible.
neither
is
We
delay on
avoid
man
be cultivated.
circumstances,assume
with your duty
consistently
any
a
to
responsibility
yourselfand
DESIGN"
13
PATENTS.
DESIGN
PATENTS.
THE
laws
for the grant of patents for
designs are of the most
and
comprehensivecharacter,
new
may
be
enjoyedby
distinction
as
to
liberal and
their benefits
all persons,
out
with-
nationality.
Foreign designers and manufacturers
who send goods to this country may
cure
seand
patents here upon their new patterns,
from selling
thus prevent other makers
similar
A
goods
patent for
in this market.
be
design may
granted
or
alien,
person,
his
own
industry,
who, by
genius,efforts,
and
has
invented
or
produced
expense,
and
for
a manufacture,
originaldesign
any new
and
or
bust, statue,alto-relievo,
bas-relief;
any new
originaldesign for the printingof woolen,silk,cotton, or
other fabrics ; any new
and originalimpression,
ornament,
pattern, print,or picture,to be printed,painted,cast, or
otherwise placed on or worked
into any article of manufacture
and original
shape or configuration
; or any new, useful,
of any article of manufacture,the same
not
having been
known
used by others before his invention or production
or
or
thereof,
patented or described in any printedpublication,
of the duty required by law, and other due
payment
upon
of inventions
coveries
disin cases
or
as
proceedingshad the same
whether
to any
Patents
and
one
the term
in his
for
half
designs are
years,
of fourteen
or
granted
for the
years,
a
as
term
citizen
for the
of
the said
seven
term
of three
years,
applicantmay
or
for
elect
application.
The petition,
oath, specification,
assignments,and other
for letters-patent
for
proceedingsin the case of applications
the same
for other patents.
a design are
as
The
furnish drawings of the design or
applicantmust
in which
the Patent-Office
latter case
photographsthereof,
requiresthat the negativeshall also be furnished.
Those who
desire to obtain
patents for Designs are re-
14
DESIGN
PATENTS.
"
with Munn
quested to communicate
Co., No. 37 Park
Row, New-York.
City residents by callingat our office can
have all the business promptly attended
to.
The expenses
for design patents are as follows :
Patent for three and a half years, whole expense, $20.
Patent
for seven
$25.
years, whole
expense,
for fourteen years, whole expense,
above
includes government
fees and
Patent
The
$40.
agents'charges.*
personal presence of the applicantis not necessary
in order to obtain a design patent, as
the business can
be
done by correspondence.
The
Those
who
reside
at
distance
a
should
send
us
their
in
full,middle name
photographs of the design
included,together with two
not
mounted, and the negative.
Also remit the fees as above, by draft,check, or postalorder.
will then prepare
We
the petition,
oath, and specification,
forward
and
the same
to the applicantfor signature.
On their return
by him, the papers are filed at the Patentis made, and if no conwhen
official examination
an
flicting
Office,
is
is
found
issued.
to exist,
a patent
design
names
For
further
information
address
HARNESS
MELT
Munn
"
Co.
above.
as
BLACKING.
2
pound bees-wax, stir in 4 ounces
ivory-black,
Prussian
blue
in
2
ounces
turpentine, ounces
spirits
ground
4
Make
into
balls.
With
varnish.
a
ounce
copal
oil,and
brush apply it to harness,and polishwith silk gently.
1
RIGHTS
the laws
UNDER
may
OF
as
A
4 to
to
GALLON
5"
ounces
or
MINORS.
States,women
copy-rights
; they may
registertrade-marks.
sex
AND
of the United
patents and
obtain
and
WOMEN"
The
laws make
and
minors
also
file
no
veats
ca-
tions
distinc-
age.
of sea-water
of salt.
weighs
68.31
pounds, and
contains
and
fee is $10 for three
a half
years, $15 for
"fc Co.)
Our
and
(Munn
seven
$30 for fourteen
years.
years,
nish
it is inconvenient
for applicants to furcharges are $10. When
their own
drawings or photographs, we can supply them at a
*[The government
reasonable
cost.]
15
TRADE-MARKS.
TKADE-MAKKS.
ANY
domiciled
firm
or
person
corporation created
any
in the United
States,and
the
authority of the United
territory
thereof,and any person,
by
States,or of any State or
eign
firm,or corporationresident of or located in any forlar
country which, by treaty or convention, affords simito citizens of the United
privileges
States,and who are
entitled to the exclusive use of any lawful trade-mark,or
intend to adopt or use
for exclusive
; who
any trade-mark
within
the United
i use
States,may obtain protection for
trade-mark
lawful
such
Those
desire
who
labels,
etc., are
by complying with
to
official requirements.
protectionfor trade-marks,
secure
requested
the
with
communicate
to
Munn
"
Co., No. 37 Park
Row, New- York.
have all the
can
City residents,by callingat our office,
Those
who
live at a distance
j business
to.
quickly attended
will please observe
the followingdirections :
of the parties,
and
their residence,
1. Send us the names
place of business.
2. State
of
is to
3.
For
used.
Describe
the
for
example,
would
be,
upon
the
outside
trade-mark
is to
blue,upon
the
cover
or
The
extend
the
descripti
particular
which
the
mark
trade-
in which
the
mark
trade-
with
connection
particularmode
applied and used.
for sheetings,
the statement
a trade-mark
is to be printedin blue ink,
trade-mark
of each piece of sheeting
Or, The
be printed in black, or red, white, and
is intended
and
been
"
in
goods
be
has
and
class of merchandise
the
to
be
"
exterior
around
4. State whether
of
each
a
paper
package
the trade mark
is
'
which
wrapper,
of the goods."
alreadyin
is to
use, and
if
long it has been used.
so, how
six copiesof the trade-mark.
5. Send
us
Also
of which
at the
remit
$25
are
Co.'s charge.
will then
We
and
oath
for
forward
same
time
$35
for government
in full for the expenses,
"
fees,and $10 Munn
declaration,
petition,
after
and
shortly theresignatureby the applicant,
the officialcertificate of protection.
to him
prepare
the necessary
16
TRADE-MARKS.
applying for protectionfor a trade-mark,a declaration
member
be made
under
oath by the applicantor some
must
of the firm or officer of the corporation,
to the effect that
has a
the party claiming protectionfor the trade-mark
right to the use of the same, and that no other person,
firm,or corporation has a rightto such use, either in the
thereto
identical form
resemblance
or
having such near
as
might be calculated to deceive,and that the description
and fac-similes presented for record are
true copiesof the
trade-mark
sought to be protected.
in force for thirtyyears, and
Trade-marks
remain
may
In
renewed
be
such
for
trade-mark
manufactured
under
thirtyyears
in this country,
the laws of any
country
No
case
at the same
which
is not
which
is
and
can
the
same
is identical with
of merchandise
a
of
a
when
name
trade-mark
and
be
become
not
merely the name
only,unaccompanied by
from
will
a
a
person,
mark
used
of
received
a
tection
proshorter
in this
effect elsewhere.
recorded
or
lawful
trade-mark, or
firm,or corporation
distinguishit
other
persons,
appropriateto the
belongingto
a
force
no
sufficient to
by
for
have
to
it becomes
that
trade-mark
proposed
foreigncountry
cease
not
it receives
in which
and
it shall
time
where
cases
for,and applied to, articles
is claimed
period,in which
except in
more,
or
which
class
same
and
different owner,
ready
al-
which
so
or
registeredor received for registration,
trade-mark
to be
as
nearlyresembles such last-mentioned
ready
likelyto deceive the public; but any lawful trade-mark allawfullyin use may be recorded
is assignable
The rightto the use
of any trade-mark
by
be
of writing,and
such assignment must
any instrument
recorded in the Patent-Office within sixtydays after its execution.
Trade-marks
order
noted
are
of their
at
registered
the
reception,
Munn
exact
time
of
in the
act
ex-
receiptbeing
and
recorded.
Certified copies of any
For
the Patent-Office
further information
"
Co.
trade-mark
may
always
concerning trade-marks
be
tained.
ob-
address
IS
LETTERS
FROM
THE
COMMISSIONER
MESSRS.
"
MTJNN
pleasurein
I take
Commissioner
BUSINESS
OF
:
statingthat,while
of Patents,MORE
OFFICE
THE
LETTER.
THAN
CAME
I held
ONE
THROUGH
Judge
MASON
Patent
Office
succeeded
was
JOSEPH
statesman, Hon.
was
FOURTH
YOUR
the
by
office of
OF
ALL
THE
I have
HANDS.
HOLT,
that eminent
of the U. S.
Hon.
he
HOLT'S
MUNN
MESSRS.
It affords
able and
as
the
"
pleasureto
in which
manner
efficient
Solicitors of Patents
while
office of Commissioner.
and you sustained
LARGE,
Ithe reputationof energy,
in
fidelity
D.
(and
you
I had
I doubt
MARKED
obedient
BISHOP,
the honor
business
"
Co.
ties
du-
of holding
was
VERY
and
promising
-uncom-
professionalengagements.
J. HOLT.
servant,
late Member
of
Congress from
Commissioner
wrote
to
us
as
ents.
of Pat-
follows
.
LETTER.
:
givesme much
pleasureto say that,during the
of Patents,a
my holdingthe office of Commissioner
It
the
justlydeserved)
not
ABILITY,
BISHOP'S
COMMISSIONER
MUNN
:
testimony to
dischargedyour
Your
Connecticut,succeeded Mr. HOLT as
he
Upon resigningthe office,
|MESSRS.
addressed
bear
performing your
Very respectfully,
your
"WM.
He
LETTER.
,
Hon.
quently
subse-
was
Co.:
much
me
of the
appointed
was
Mr. HOLT
appointed Judge-Advocate-General.
communication
followingvery gratifying
COMMISSIONER
patriotand
administration
whose
that
distinguished
so
Postmaster-General
of
the
publicconfidence thus indicated has been
I have always observed, in all your
tercour
inas
DESERVED,
MARKED
with the office,
of 'promptDEGREE
a
ness,
and fidelity
to the interests of your employers.
skill,
CHAS. MASON.
Yours, very truly,
FULLY
us
MASON'S
that the
doubt
no
Co.
COMMISSIONERS.
time
very
TO
HOW
CONVERT
large proportionof
Patent
Office
I have
ever
PAPER
transacted
was
found
through your
faithful
you
'wellas
of your
clients
perform
the duties
as
of
of inventors
business
the
GOLD.
INTO
and
Patent
the interests
to
EMINENTLY
that
; and
agency
devoted
the
before
QUALIFIED
Attorneys
with
to
skill and
ac-
i
curacy.
Very respectfully,
your
obedient
servant,
WM.
One
I
great
|affairs
are
the
unrivalled
our
is,that
success
systematizedand arranged under
so
that
|direction,
j ceives
for
reason
D. BISHOP.
patent
every
submitted
case
personal
our
to
our
our
care
re-
careful
study during its preparation,the
dispatch,and the most thorough attention at
most
|most
prompt
; every stage of its subsequent progress.
TO
HOW
SEND
enjoy a
one
into
more
CONVERT
PAPER
subscriptionin
year'sreadingof
a
that
the information
before
coffers,
your
money
in
gold,than
"
to Munn
paper
money
THE
SCIENTIFIC
AMERICAN.
thus
obtained
the
year
the
speed
HE
over
a
GOLD.
INTO
Co.,and
Ten
will result in
is out,
bringing
hundred
a
to
times
investment.
original
of
copper
spark travelling
electric
an
wire,has
by Wheatstone
to
be
ascertained
been
two
hundred
j
and
'
thousand
eighty-eight
miles
in
a
second.
sending models to the SCIENTI- I
cide
which
AMERICAN
on
FIG
they deoffice,
not to apply for Letters
Patent,and
which
they wish preserved,will pleaseto
order them
returned
as
earlyas possible,
j
PARTIES
We
:
els,and
I
obligedto
if not
cannot
undertake
called for within
destroythem,
to make
a
to store
reasonable
room
for
new
such
mod-
time, we
arrivals.
are
;
;
'JO
CONCERNING
INFORMATION
PATENTS.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
CHIEFLY
COMPILED
RULES
OFFICIAL
INCLUDING
PATENT-OFFICE,
Who
ANY
and
person,
useful
invention
obtain
may
or
improvement
or
discovery.
Joint inventors
are
citizen
discoverer
machine, manufacture, or
and
FORMS
whether
first inventor
FOR
PROCEEDINGS
FOR
ASSIGNMENTS,
IX
THK
ETC-
Patent.
alien,being the original
or
of any
and
new
useful
art,
entitled to
jointpatent ;
independentinventors
a
machine
can
not
neither
can
of separate
obtain a joint
separate inventions ; nor does the fact that
furnishes the capitaland the other makes
the invention
for their
man
one
a
THE
compositionof matter, or any new
obtain a patent for his
thereof,
may
claim one
separately; but
improvements in the same
patent
FROM
REGULATION'S
AND
PATENTS.
entitle them
to take
out
a
jointpatent.
whole, or of any
ed
undividassignment of the
interest in the invention,the patent may
issue to the
assigneeof the whole interest,or jointlyto the inventor and
the assigneeof the undivided
interest,the assignmentbeing
first entered of record,and the application
being duly made
and the specification
to by the inventor.
duly sworn
The applicationmust
be made
by the actual inventor, if
if the patent is to issue or reissue to an assignee;
even
alive,
but where
the inventor is dead, the application
and oath may
be made
or administrator.
by the executor
In
case
of
an
CONCERNING
INFORMATION
of Petition
Form
To
COMMISSIONER
THE
Your
York
of
power
that
in the annexed
patent, and
in
granted
tion
specifica-
therein,to
in the Patent-
PETER
PENDENT.
stamp.]
separate inventions
where
application
; but
one
all business
to transact
distinct and
more
amendments
herewith.
revenue
[Fifty-cent
or
and
alterations
make
Office connected
claimed
forth
set
" Co., of the cities of
hereby appointsMunn
and Washington, D. C., his attorneys, with full
substitution and revocation,
to prosecute this applicatio
the
Two
be
letters-patent
may
he
to
receive
vithpoioerof Attorney.
PATENTS:
OP
for the invention
; and
Patent
a
petitioner
prays
to him
New-
for
21
PATENTS.
with
each
connected
necessarily
the
be
not
may
inventions
several
are
be
other,they may
so
claimed.
signed by the inventor,or if
and must
be attested
or
administrator,
deceased,by his executor
Full names
be given,and all
must
by two witnesses.
of applicantor witnesses, must
whether
be legibly
names,
The
be
must
specification
written.
The
The
of invention
oath
The
followingis the
STATE
OP
Oath
NEW-
should
official form
YORK, COUNTY
Pendent, the
Peter
of Invention.
follow
:
OF
ALBANY,
above-named
(or affirmed,)deposes
and
to be the original
and
sworn,
himself
in
seed-drills described
; that he does
same
was
ever
before
citizen of the United
Sworn
March,
to
and
not
know
known
does
used
me
SIMON
1869.
cation
foregoingspecifi-
not believe
; and
PETER
before
provemen
of the im-
first inventor
in the
and
or
ss. :
being duly
petitioner,
that
he
lieves
verilybesays
States.
subscribed
specification.
the
this
that
that the
he
is
a
PENDENT.
13th
day
of
SHALLOW,
Justice of the Peace.
If the
applicantbe
an
alien,the sentence,
"
and
that he
is
22
a
INFORMATION"
CONCERNING
citizen of the United
PATENTS.
States,"will
omitted, and
be
in lieu
thereof will be substituted, and that he is a citizen of the
republicof Mexico," or, " and that he is a subjectof the
King of Italy,"or, " of the Queen of Great Britain,"or as
"
the
case
be.
may
If the
the oath will
applicantsclaim to be jointinventors,
read, that they verilybelieve themselves to be the original,
and jointinventors,"
etc.
first,
"
The
oath
within
the
oaths,or,
or
affirmation
be made
before any person
may
authorized
States,
by la\v to administer
United
when
the
applicantresides in a foreigncountry.
minister,charge d'affaires,
consul,or commercial
before any
agent, holdingcommission
United
States,or
country
in which
under
before
the
any
the
government
notary public of the
of
the
foreign
tested
applicantmay be, the oath being atthis and other countries,
by the proper
iu all cases, in
officialseal of such notary.
TJie
Drawings.
The
applicantfor a patent is required by
drawing of his invention,where the nature
law
to furnish
of the
a
mits
ad-
ease
of it.
Such
drawing must be on thick,smooth drawing-paper,
stiff to support itself in the portfolios
of the
sufficiently
be neatly and artistically
office. It must
executed, with
such detached sectional views
show what
to clearly
as
the
invention
is in construction
by
distinguished
be
in the several
appears
should
be written
at
such.
This
as
or
must
The
the
his
be sent
sheet
same
and
operation. Each part
number
drawings.
the
or
The
name
letter whenever
it
of the invention
dered
top, the shortest side being consi-
drawing must
be
signed by the applicant
attorney, and attested by two witnesses,and
with the specification.
inches by fifteen,
must
not be largerthan
ten
that
being the size of the patent. If
needed, several sheets must be used.
The
An
must
applicantupon
moro
illustrations
are
Model.
and drawings
filinghis specification
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
23
PATENTS.
the question whether
submit
he
to the Commissioner
may
shall deposita model
or
specimen of his invention ; other
will be
wise, a model
designs,where
the
of the machine
model
of
nature
Such
illustration.
model
must
forms
which
in every
for
case, except
the invention
admits
of such
required
the
clearlyexhibit every feature
tion.
subjectof a claim of inven-
neatly and
made, of
substantially
It should be made
small as possible,
durable material.
as
than one
foot in length,width, or
but not in any case
more
height. If made of pine or other soft wood, it should be
Glue must
be used, but
not
painted,stained, or varnished.
The
be
must
the parts should be
heat or moisture.
so
connected
as
to
resist the
action
of
working model is always desirable,in order to enable
the preciseoperathe office fullyand readily to understand
tion
of the inventor,and of the
The name
of the machine.
and also the title of the invention,
assignee,(if assigned,)
A
must
be
affixed upon
it in
a
permanent
manner.
Compositionsof Matter.
compositionof matter, a specimen
and of the compositionmust
of each of the ingredients
the name
of the inventor
the application,
and
accompany
and of the assignee(ifthere be one) must
be permanently
When
is
the invention
a
affixed thereto.
Examination.
Official
TJie
No
applicationcan
placed upon the files
the specification,
with
drawings and model
deposited.
All
cases
in the
for examination
in
being examined
and
order
in which
the case
be
can
examined, nor
for examination,until the fee is paid,
the petitionand oath, filed,and the
filed or
or
specimen (when required)
be
Patent-Office
are
classified and
taken
up
in
class
those
the
same
;
in the
far
as
practicable,
disposedof,as
regular order
the
respectiveapplicationsare completed.
of peculiarimporis deemed
When, however,
tance
and
branch
of
the
to some
when, for
publicservice,
that reason, the head
of some
department of the governthe invention
I24
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
PATENTS.
immediate
action,the case will be
!taken up out of its order. These, with applications
for reissues,
for inventions for which
and for letters-patent
eign
fora
have
patent has already been obtained, which cases
the only exceptions
are
applications,
precedenceover original
specially
requests
ment
to the
The
stated iu relation
rule above
personalattendance
; and
ment
tion.
the order of examina-
the Patent-
applicantat
business
be done
can
will not
,
they
in
to
spondence
corre-
will any
case
no
for amendspecifications
return
allowed
be
person
any papers, drawings, models, or samples from
If applicantshave not
preserved copiesof such
wish
by
by attorney.
or
Patent-Office
The
of the
The
Office is unnecessary.
to
amend,
the officewill furnish them
on
the
to take
j
[
office.
papers as
the usual
i terms.
paid within six
after the time at which
months
the patent was
allowed,and
notice thereof sent to the applicantor his agent. And if
! the final fee for such
patent be not paid within that time,
scribed
the patent will be forfeited,
therein deand
the invention
become
public property, as againstthe applicant
therefor,unless he shall make a new
applicationtherefor
The
within
final fee
two
issuinga patent
on
from
years
the date of the
Date
Every patent
months
and
from
notice
will bear
thereof
date
sent
was
allowance.
original
of Patent.
as
at which
time
the
be
must
to
of
day not later than six
it was
passed and allowed,
the applicantor his agent,
paid within that period,the
a
if the final fee shall not be
patent will be withheld. No patentwill be antedated.
and
Every applicantfor
any
,
"
of the claims
patent
of which
the
or
have
been
reissue of
twice
a
patent,
rejected,and
every party to an interference,
may appeal from the decision
in charge of
of the primary examiner, or of the examiner
in
}interferences,
chief,
having once
.
a
such
case,
paid a
to
the
fee of ten
board
of examiners-in-
dollars.
For
this pur-
26
INFORMATION
and
thus
and
the
CONCERNING
place them
on
PATENTS.
equal footingbefore
an
the
courts
public.
Upon the declaration of
required,before any time
each party will be
interference,
taking of testimony,
under
oath
the
date and a detailed
to file a statement
giving
ments,
historyof the invention ; showing the successive experiand
character
of
of
development, extent
steps
use,
and
Such
of embodiment.
forms
the
i
an
is set for the
shall
statement
other party, until both
to inspectionby
open
both
until the time for filing
or
has
expired.
not
be
filed,
are
In default of
of either fails
Isuch filing
by either party, or if the statement
made
the prima-faciecase
to overcome
by the respectivei
if it shows
that the invention
has I
dates of application,
or
abandoned
been
i
than
two
the
as
case
In
priorto
years
party shall be
entitled
it stands
of
cises
that it has
or
in
publicuse for
the
the application
of affiant,
to an
adjudicationby default
the
upon
been
more
other
upon
record.
interference,partieshave
the
remedies
same
and
to the examiners-in-chief
applicants,
in such cases, from
but no appeal lies,
to the Commissioner,
the decision of the Commissioner.
Appeals in interference
of the
|cases should be accompanied with a brief statement
other
by appealas
thereof.
I reasons
the party who first filed so much
of interference,
of his applicationfor a patent as illustrates his invention
of all proof
in the absence
will be deeaned the first inventor
In
'
cases
the contrary.
to
A
will be
time
party shall complete his
time"in
his side
jon
j may
"
there
take
are
'
have
;
the alverse
and
like
forward
and
than
before
plications
If either
such
testimony ;
and
the other
a
further
party shall complete the testimony
still further
time
in which
both
no
parties
other.
If
parties,the times for taking testibe so
that each shall ;
arranged,if practicable,
opportunityin his turn, each being held to go i
his case
againstthose \vho filed their ap
prove
more
a
for the
a
direct
which
rebuttingtestimony,but shall take
shall
mouy
.
which
assignedin
two
him.
party wishes the time for takinghis testimony,or
hearing,postponed,he
postponement,
and
by affidavitfiled before
must
the
must
show
time
make
applicationfor
sufficient
reason
for it
appointedhas
previously
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
PATENTS.
also
must
elapsed,if practicable
; and
and with
with copiesof his affidavits,
the time of hearing his application.
[NOTE.
"
The
Our
and
for
terms
dependent
letters to MUNN
"
in connection
the
Co.,No.
is
of the
one
with
Patent-Office ness.
busirate,
modeto interferences are
attention
upon
his opponent
reasonable
notice of
of interferences
management
important duties
most
furnish
time
required. Address
37 Park
Row, New-York.]
all
Reissues.
reissue is granted to the
A
presentatives,
originalpatentee, his legalreor the assignees
of the entire interest,
when
by
of
reason
defective
a
or
ficient
insuf-
the origispecification
nal
patent is inoperativeor
provided the error nas
invalid,
or
mistake,and without
; but
intention
must
application
the
arisen
from
accident,
inadvertence,
any fraudulent or deceptive
although the patent has been assigned,the
be made, and the specification
sworn
to, by
inventor.
The
petitionfor
undivided
any
A
reissue must
interest in the
a
statement,
proposingto surrender
The
general rule
under
that
show
patent,
oath,of
the
be filed with
must
is,that whatever
is
all
concur
ing
partiesown-
in the
title of
the
render.
sur-
party
the
application.
in
reallyembraced
that it
originalinvention,and so described or shown
in the original
might have been embraced
patent, may be the
subjectof a reissue ; but no new matter shall be introduced
i
into the
shall
I
the
i
the
the
nor
specification,
or
drawings be
in
model
case
of
a
machine
amended, except
patent
each
by
other ; but,when
there is neither model
nor
drawing,amendbe made
to the Commisments
proof satisfactory
may
upon
1
j
amendment
a
was
or
part of j
sioner,that such new matter
the original
the specificaomitted
from
tion
invention,and was
aforesaid.
by inadvertence,
accident,or mistake, as
for which
Reissued patents expireat the end of the term
the original
applications
patent was granted. For this reason
for reissue will be acted upon
as
soon
as
filed.
28
CONCERNING
INFORMATION
A
patentee, in reissuing,
may
distinct and
patent for each
in his
comprehended
the law,
reissue constitutes
of
of the
scriptive
division ; and
if
option have
part of
separate
the
part
the
or
subject of
parts
drawing
until the
issue
cases
reproduced
examination,
of
in
a
separate
the required
requirements
division
of
a
claimed
in such
only such part or
issue simultaneously.
represent
reissue will
a
invention
despecification
of the invention
may
separate
a
the
originalpatent, by paying
par:s. All the divisions of
If there be controversy
as
In all
his
case, and complying with the other
in originalapplications. Each
as
fee in each
from
at
PATENTS.
will be withheld
one, the other
controversy is ended.
to
the originalclaim,
applicationsfor reissues,
the amended
is subject to respecification,
and
may
be
revised
and
restricted
in the
same
fused,
originalapplications;but if any reissue be rethe originalpatent will,upon
to
request, be returned
the applicant.
required for a reissue are a state- |
[XOTE. The documents
drawing?. The official
ment, petition,oath, specification,
fee is s30.
Our charge, in simple cases, is $30 for preparing
Total ordinary expense, $60.
and attending to the case.
sometimes
of reissue, a patent may
be divided
By means
manner
in
as
"
into
several
separate
patents.
of the
Many
and
several
reissued
been
times
patents have
the claims
Where
a patent is infringedand
defective, it
claims
On
a
new
is
common
shall
to
apply
for
a
valuable
most
subdivided.
are
doubtful
reissue
with
or
new
the
infringers.
speciallymeet
making applicationfor reissue,the old or originalpatent
in order
be surrendered
that
to the Patent-Office,
must
in its place. If the originalpabe issued
patent may
tent
which
has
been
lost,a certified copy
of the
patent
must
be
furnished, with affidavit as to the loss. To enable us to prepare
a reissue,the
applicant should send to us the original
of the
as
stated, and give a clear statement
patent, remit
We
then
corrected.
he wishes
to have
can
points which
MCNN
" Co.,
Address
immediately proceed with the case.
We
had
have
37 Park
twenty-fiveyears'
Row, New- York.
in
experience
obtaining reissues.]
,
29
PATENTS.
CONCERNING
INFORMATION
Disclaimers.
Whenever, by inadvertence,accident,or
in
claim of invention
any patent
that of winch the patentee
than
more
the
mistake,
broad, embracing
is too
the
or first
original
part of the thing patented
was
material or substantial
inventor,some
being trulyand justlyhis own, the patentee, his heirs
or
assigns,whether of the whole or of a sectional interest,
make
disclaimer of such parts of the thing patented as
may
the disclaimant shall not choose to claim or to hold by virtue
of the patent or assignment,statingtherein the extent of his
interest in such
attested
by
Patent-Office.
patent
; which
one
more
or
witnesses,and
officialfee
The
shall be
disclaimer
on
in writing,
recorded
in the
a disclaimer
filing
is ten
dollars.
Extensions.
is vested
Power
in the Commissioner
to extend
any patent
the
years from
granted prior to March 2d, 1861, for seven
expirationof the originalterm ; but no patent grantedsince
March
2d, 1861, can be extended.
The applicantfor an extension must
file his petitionand
pay in the requisitefee not
than ninety days prior to
There
is
no
after it has
The
in the
power
once
more
the
than
six
months
his
expirationof
Commissioner
to
nor
renew
less
patent.
a
patent
expired.
applicantfor
an
extension
must
furnish
to
the office
writing,under oath, of the ascertained value
of the invention,
and of his receiptsand expenditureson account
this
This
in
and
countries.
both
thereof,
foreign
ficient
statement
and in detail,unless sufbe made
must
particular
is set forth why such a statement
be
reason
not
can
It must
furnished.
be filed within
thirtydays after filing
the petition.
[NOTE. Only patents issued priorto March 4th, 1861,can
a
in
statement
"
be extended.
Many valuable patents are annually expiringwhich might
readilybe extended, and, if extended, might prove the source
of wealth
to
their fortunate
All the documents
possessors.
with extensions
connected
requireto
be
30
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
drawn
carefully
untruth
or
of the
case
of the
the
receive
pancy,
failure,discre-
any
is liable
papers
inventor,his
extension
for or granted to
ap'plied
be
can
as
proceedingsor
decease
for and
apply
may
in the
to,
to
feat
de-
application.
the
In
attended
and
up
PATENTS.
desiringextensions
Row, New- York.]
but
;
an
MUNN
extension
no
assigneeof
will address
Parties
administrator
"
inventor.
an
Park
Co.,37
Assignments.
A
or
assigned,either as
part thereof,by any
undivided
any
to the whole
be
patent may
of
words
instrument
interest
of
writing.
is necessary
constitute a
to
particularform
need
nessed,
the
be
instrument
sealed,witassignment,nor
or
acknowledged.
A patent will,upon
request, issue directlyto the assignee|
or
assignees of the entire interest in any invention,or to
undivided
and
the assigneejointly,
when
the inventor
an
part only of the entire interest has been conveyed.
No
valid
In
the
least
at
where
case
every
a
void
a
days before
five
from
valuable
that
time,
grant is
The
Such
a
the
few
the
to
make
on
thereof ; otherwise
territorial
it will
be
for
mortgagee
notice; but, if recorded
without
protect the
to
or
record.
convey
may
or
signee
as-
assignee or grantee
subsequent purchaser,whose
assignment
then
conveyances
The
by
not
patentee
patent
convey
such
an
in the Patent-Office
of the patent, and the
to by the inventor.
grant of an exclusive territorial
in the
Patent-Office within three
execution
it will
to
the issue
consideration
againstany
or
the
reissues
or
againstany subsequent purchaseror
as
after
be recorded
assignment must
be sworn
must
specification
Every assignment or
be recorded
right must
months
patent issues
use
or
shop
are
separate rights under
to sell his
rightswhich
mere
his
invention,or he
not
are
and
licenses,
need
may
exclusive.
not
be
corded.
re-
receiptof assignmentsis not generallyacknowledged
within
office. They will be recorded
in their turn
days after their reception,and then transmitted to
persons
entitled to
them.
A
five-cent
revenue
stamp
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
[is
required for each
! assignment,grant, or
!Forms
sheet
piece of
or
license may
of
which
on
paper
an
be written.
of Assignmentsof the entire interest in
beforethe,issue of letters-jc
In consideration
31
PATENTS.
dollar to
an
invention
paid by Ephraini G.
Hall, of Cleveland, Ohio, I do hereby sell and assignto said
and interest in and to a
EphrainiG. Hall all my right,title,
in plows, as fullyset forth and described
certain invention
which
I have prepared [ifthe applicain the specification
tion
has been alreadymade, say "and
filed"]preparatory
of the United
States therefor.
to obtainingletters-patent
And
I do hereby authorize
and request the Commissioner
of Patents to issue the said letters-patent
to the said Ephraini
of the
G. Hall, as my assignee,
for the sole use and behoof
said Ephraini G. Hall and his legalrepresentatives.
Witness
hand
this 16th day of February, 1868.
my
one
me
J. F. CROSSETTE.
[Five-centrevenue
Of
stamp.]
the entire interest in
In consideration
interest in and
41,806, for
granted
enjoyed by
to
as
to
Nathan
Of
me
the
Nathan
said
my
hand
revenue
undivided
an
sell
and
Wilcox
Wilcox
sale had
this 10th
to
head-lights,
be
and
held
of the
full end
the
granted,as fullyand entirely
and
held
not
me
if
made.
been
day
enjoyed by
of June, 1869.
]"IMBALL.
HORACE
[Five-cent
paid by
me
hereby
improvement in locomotive
to
July 30th. 1864, the same
an
assignment and
Witness
I do
Iowa,
for which said letters are
the same
would
have been
this
dollars
all my
right,title,and
of the United States,No.
to the letters-patent
said
the
assign to
term
of five hundred
Wilcox, of Keokuk,
Nathan
letters-patent.
stamp.]
interest
in the
and
letters-patent
extension
thereof.
In
consideration
Obadiah
N.
Bush,
of
of
one
thousand
dollars
Chicago, 111.,I do
to
me
hereby
paid by
sell and
32
INFORMATION
said
the
assign to
CONCERNING
PATENTS,
X. Bush
Obadiah
undivided
one
fourth
and interest in and to the letterspart of all my right,title,
ment
patent of the United States,No. 10,485, for an improveto
same
the full end
to
granted,and
and
by
of
the
if this
Witness
same
sale had
day
this 7th
hand
said
X. I3u"h
artletters-patent
of
been
not
made.
January, 1869.
JOHN
[Five-centrevenue
C. MORRIS.
stamp.]
territorial grant
Exclusive
of
In consideration
ly an
thousand
one
assignee.
dollars
to
me
Dinsmore, of Concord, N. H., I do
H. Diusmore
to the said William
convey
William
H.
grant and
use, and
right to make,
Wisconsin, and
; the
of any extension
thereof,as fully
would have been held and enjoyed
assignment and
my
said Obadiah
for which
term
for the term
entirelyas the
me
May 10th,1856
cooking stoves, grantedto me
be held and
enjoyed by the
in
vend
of Cook
the counties
the
within
and
Lake
paid by
hereby
the
clusive
ex-
State
of
in the State
and
in no
other place or places,the improveIllinois,
ment
in corn-planters
for which letters-patent
of the United
dated August 15th, 1867, were
States,
granted to Leverett R.
Hull,and by said Hull assignedto me December
3d, 1867,
by an assignment duly recorded in liber X8, p. 416, of the
of
records
of
by
as
the
Patent-Office,
the said
would
grant had
not
Witness
have
been
hand
my
same
to
H. Dinsmore
as
held and
been
William
same
the
this
the
be held
made.
this 19th
day
of
March,
1868.
MOORE.
stamp.]
License
of
joyed
en-
fullyand entirely
enjoyed by me if
ABRAHAM
[Five-centrevenue
and
In consideration
of
Simpson, Jenks
"
"
shopTight.
fiftydollars to me paid by the firm
Ala., I do hereby
Co., of Hun'.sville,
Simpson, Jenks " Co. to
shop in said
manufacture,at a singlefoundry and machine
and in no
other place or places,the improvement
Huntsville,
of the
in cotton-seed
plantersfor which letters-patent
No. 71,846, were
United States,
granted to me November
license
and
empower
the
said
34
COPY-RIGHTS.
COPY-RIGHTS.
citizen
ANY
resident of the United
or
States may
obtain
copy-rightwho is the author, inventor,designer,or proprietor
musical
dramatic
of any book, map,
or
com
chart,
engraving,cut, print,or photograph or negative
position,
thereof,or of a painting,
drawing,chromo, statue, statuary,
and
of models
and
to be perfected as
designs,intended
a
of the fine
works
arts.
copy-rightcan
A
is recorded
and
send
the
us
will
We
are
copy-rights
requested
to
"
Munn
with
article.
or
scription
de-
or
libraryof Congress, beforethe
the
to obtain
desire
who
communicate
York,
in
the title
unless
t/ie work.
publication
of
Those
obtained
be
not
Co., No. 37 Park
Row, Newtitle of the book, print,photograph,
then
the title to be printed,
cause
Washington, as by law required. The
be immediately
Official Certificate of copy-rightwill then
client. Our charge to attend to the business of
sent
to our
obtaining a copy-rightis $6, which please remit wiih the
recorded
and
at
title.
If
is
copy-right
desired for
painting,drawing,chromo,
or
design for a work of art, send
statue, statuary, or model
thereof and $6.
us
a brief description
Copy-rightsare grantedfor the term of twenty-eightyear?,
and
for fourteen additional years, if the
be renewed
may
a
renewal
is filed within
six
a
months
before
the
expirationof
the first term.
Copy -rights
may
recorded
by
the
be
assigned; the assignment must
Librarian of Congress.
are
subjectto heavy fines
copy-rights
be
and
Infringersof
penalties.
Foreigners who are not residents of the United States
obtain copy-rights
not
can
tain
they may ob; but if residents,
copyrights.
.
Address
Munn
COMMON
hydraulic cement
paint for roofs and
"
Co. for further information.
mixed
with
It is
out-buildings.
oil forms
a
good
water-proofand
combustib
in-
MODELS
TRACING
Is]
PAPER.
MODELS.
IT is
always
to
better for inventors
have their models
constructed
under
their
even
supervision,
at
own
creased
in-
an
in money
or time.
el,
During the making of the modthe inventor often perceives
cost
pointswhere importantchanges
be made, or where the incan
vention
may
than
perfect
But
templated.
in
be rendered
more
at first
was
con-
instances,
owing to residence in
parts or
impossiblefor the inventI
or to furnish a model.
In such cases, we (MuNN " Co.) can
I
i have proper
models
built by experiencedand trusty makers, ;
jat moderate charges.
:
distant
some
other causes, it is
PAPEK.
TRACING
OPEN
;
a
quireof
;firstsheet with
a
double
and
tissue-paper,
crown
mixture
pentine,equal parts ; proceed with
dry them on lines by hanging them
goes on, the under sheets
nish,and require less than if
cess
i
varnish
of mastic
and
each sheet
brush
j
J
the
oil of tur-
and
similarly,
,
the proup singly.
absorb
a portionof the var-
j
As
singlosheets
brushed
were
iseparately. The inventor of this varnish for tracing-paper
received a medal
and premium from the Royal Society. It
leaves the paper quite lightand transparent, it may
readilyj
be written
on, and drawings traced with a
nentlyvisible. Used by learners to draw
pen
out
are
permalines. The
!
is placed on the drawing,which is clearlyseen, and i
paper
the tracing-paper
outline is made, taking care
to hold
an
In this way,
steady.
ALCOHOL
of the
water
:
I174"
is
means
it is
j
as
has
can
equal
to
moving
The
that
at
of water
for
for
easilycopied.
expansive force
steam
212".
of alcohol
When
savingthe fluid from
employed
engines.
that alcohol
power
the
double
temperature.
be invented
supposed
the
than
more
same
drawings are
elaborate
can
be
with
of
at
proper
being lost,(
advantagej
3(5
VOICE
OF
VOICE
PEOPLE.
THE
OP
WE
PEOPLE.
THE
fill several
might
testimonials
volumes
from
all
with
tering
flat-
parts of
the
to the great value of
world,certifying
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, but the limits of
little book
only permit us to make a
Read
selections.
MESSR?.
the
EDITORS
this
few
:
following
Since I had
:
THE
the
sure
plea-
of
of your
receivingthe back numbers
interestingand instructive journal,I have
shown specimens to several influential manufacturers
and
mechanics
intelligent
vicinity.One
man
twice
five dollars for
obtained
that
he
AMERICAN,
several years ; and
by many hundreds.
told
copied
out
that
me
he
had
recipe
single
a
of THE
he has taken
which
in this
SCIENTIFIC
regularlyfor
this is not
I presume
isolated case,
an
It is just such journalsas yours that
the compilersof
annuallycondensed into encyclopedias,
of all the new
which roughly scoop off the cream
ies
discoverare
in science
and
of various
set forth
in such
art
that have
year ; but the facts
often so mutilated
torted
disor
annual works
are
and so
condensation,
of no value.
Every
practically
the
land
should
only for his
subscribe
in
meagre
mechanic
for THE
and
own
pursuitsrequiresto
agricultural
or
to
farmer in
and
AMERICAN,
also that of his children
bias of the child's mind
the natural
as
outline,
SCIENTIFIC
but
benefit,
he may
have a Franklin
or
a Fulton,a West
whom
he pets in his
that littlemarble-player
not
umns
col-
periodicals
duringthe
in the
be
in the
recorded
been
be
or
a
Watt,
;
in
leisure hours
toward
confirmed
mechanical
or
further
of such a qualityand
developedby intellectual nourishment
quantityas can be derived only from a journallike your
own.
at the expense
money
do
and
think
little
much
but
mum
uu
uuii
luue
IHUUU
Never
Say
oay
Avoid
make
"
lending:.
borrowincr and lending.
borrowing
of your
more.
reputation.
;
STEAM-ENGINE.
THE
EVERY
and
mechanic
familiar with
the
inventor
", steam
parts
should
make
himself
erally
gen-
operation of the
them
in gaining this knowledge,
densing
Cona
diagram of the common
construction
steam-engine. To assist
we
subjoin for reference
Engine, with letters
the various
ENGINE.
CONDENSING
THE
and
of reference
to
the
of
names
:
cylinder; 6, piston;
c, upper
steam
port
or
passage
beam
;
motion
d, lower steam port ; e e, parallel
; //,
; k ", eccentric
ff, connecting rod ; A, crank ; i t, fly-wheel
rod
for
and its
working the steam-valve ; Z,steam- valve and
casing; m, throttle-valve ; n, condenser
;
; o, injection-cock
hot
well
create
to
vacuum
air-pump
shifting-valve
;
; r,
q,
p,
in condenser
previous to startingthe engine; s, feed-pump
to supply condenser
to supply boilers ; t, cold-water
;
pump
A
tion,
study of the above diagram and descripw, governor.
in connection
with attentive observation
of engines in
motion, will be of much assistance in acquiring a general
recommend
the followWe
understandingof the machine.
;
38
TO
HINTS
ing
works
standard
for careful
[Prom
Scientific
The
all who
desire
Catechism
of
to
the
Steam-Engine.
American.]
BORES.
WRITING
LETTER-
TO
HINT
A
Marine
Brown's
"
Steam-Engine,Main
study by
Bourne's
thoroughly posted :
become
WKITEES.
LETTER-
consider, as a general thing,that our
correspondentsare a fair and high-minded
|set of men, such as we are most happy to
accommodate
by answering,so far as it is
jin our power, all their inquiries; but there
can
we
plain.
are
a few of whom
very justlycomall
of
sorts
They put to us
tions,
queswhich
to
answer
might require a
valuable
time ; and if we
half-dayof our
E
1
w
_
^
,
snub
off with
them
short answer,
a
they
are
in
complainingterms.
likelyto replyback
be reasonably expected of us,
It cannot
time in such
shall spend our
that we
to
be
We
to
mean
dating,
accommoletter-writing.
profitless
_
"
us
"
but
"
all
waste
to
consent
cannot
for correspondentswho
information
or
appreciateeither our forbearance
what
we
As an
time.
example of
mean,
to
us
A correspondentwants
before us.
files for
SCIENTIFIC
He
which
do
we
years
some
also wants
us
believe
not
which
book
some
AMERICAN
find the book.
book
of
notice
a
to know
the
value
we
have
hunt
of
a
our
case
!
through our
appeared in THE
to help him
to
to find for him
an
English
in this market.
had
be
how
and
ago,
can
getting
not
seem
to
in
time
our
to send
to England without
correspondentwants us
delayto get something which would require tune and money
he don't even
for him, but in regard to which
to procure
Another
inclose
a
incloses
would
three-cent
three
cost
us
stamp
cents, and
two
correspondentsto
more
than
you
will have
cent
no
pre-pay
wants
a
hours' hard
such
a
to
and
cause
a
half per
that
letter.
calculation
study.
know
of
our
our
hour.
complaint
made
It is well
time
Treat
Another
enough
is worth
us
which
for
to us
and
fairly,
;
OF
VOICE
THE
OF
VOICE
39
PKESS.
THE
PEESS.
IN
examining the pages of
journal,we find them
our
with
covered
so
of
gems
brilliant
commendation
that
it is difficult to
one
which
is
than
therefore
more
ling
spark-
another.
We
take
the
at random
"
The
select
ing
follow-
:
distinction achieved
by the world-renowned
Co., as Solicitors of Patents,is alike deserved
and commanding
they have spared no
deserved, because
their responsible
since they entered upon
effort nor
expense
vocation"
commanding, because it is a distinction supported
and upheld by all the scientific applianceswithin the reach
it a prestige
of modern
and
carries along with
enterprise,
firm of Munn
"
"
which
in vain
we
To
the scores
State
and
to
especially
to the
those
world
we
reap
jyour
them
from
similar
met
with
whose
firm.
in this
diffidence
giving
their
coveries
dis-
consult
say, by all means
Co., 37 Park Row, New-York,
"
will
tions
doing (should your invennot
only put yourselfin the
so
time
securinga patent for the same, but at the same
have committed
the satisfaction of knowing that you
claims to hands
to
emphaticallyqualifiedsuccessfully
carry them
out.
'
We
have
deemed
it
duty,in
a
this
mode,
Agency which, while,we
ness
been able to make
its highlyimportant busiciples
time,nobly upheld the true prinpay, has, at the same
the latter
of scientific investigation,
scorning to make
erations."
the least degree subservient
to merely pecuniary considRahway (N. J.) Times and Register.
say our
trust,it has
in
be
to
any
of
way
to
are
among
them
feel,that by
merit)you
possess
historyof
would
we
"
the firm of Messrs. Munn
as
confident,
who
restrained
hitherto
have
for in the
of inventors
"
may
look
say' in regard
to
an
"
A
an
CUBIC
ounce.
foot of air
A
cubic
weighs 523 grains a littlemore
foot of water
weighs 1000 ounces.
"
than
IMPOKTANCE
OF
FOREIGN
FOREIGN
PATENTS.
PATENTS.
INVENTORS
AMERICAN
should
a
bear
in mind
that,as
invention
general rule,any
which
is valuable
the
to
entee
pat-
in this country, is \vorth
in England
equallyas much
and
other
some
Four
tries.
foreigncoun-
ican,
Amer-
patents
"
English, French,
Belgian
"
will
secure
exclusive
to
his
be
communication
steam
obtained
abroad
by
our
are
citizens
one
millions of the most
intelligent
people
The
world.
ventor
in-
monopoly
discovery among
hundred
and
an
and
in
the
ness
facilitiesof busi-
such, that patents can
almost
as
easilyas at
home.
Models
required in any European country, but
the utmost
in the preparaand experience is necessary
care
tion
of the specifications
and drawings. A variety of small
official formalities
tax duties and
other
be paid ; many
fees must
also to be observed
in obtainingforeignpatents.
are
It is therefore important that the applicantshould place his
business
For
taken
are
not
in the hands
the
of established
past twenty
reliable agents.
majority of all patents
and
years, the
in foreigncountries
have
been obtained
by Americans
PATENT
" Co.'s SCIENTIFIC
AMERICAN
through MUNN
AGENCY, and nearly all of this foreign patent business is
still done by us.
in this branch
Our experienceand success
is very
out
great.
The
will give a general idea of the
followingsummary
granting and duration of European Patents :
Great Britain.
Patents
are
granted for fourteen years
to any person
the first importer. If
who
is the inventor
or
a patent has been
previouslyobtained in any other country,
the British patent expireswith it. The British patent extends
Great Britain and Ireland,but does not
include
over
"
42
HOW
TO
SELL
SELL
TO
HOW
PATENTS.
PATENTS.
IN the
tle
prefatoryportionof this litwork, we have presented hints
the general success
of inventors,
upon
the great value of even
simplestinventions. But it must
and
the
not
a
supposed, because
patent is
granted,that the world will run after
unknown
him an
to buy from
man
an
be
unknown
In
patent.
order
patent, judiciouseffort is
the
part
of the inventor
Indeed, his
to
a
with
success
considerable
business
make
final
and
tact
sell
to
required on
or
his
will
agent.
depend,
extent, upon
energy.
a
He
his
should
himself
the
thoroughly conversant
of his invention,
and
machines
thereof,made
the opexhibit
readilyto
erations
merits
specimens or model
in the most
so
as
perfectmanner,
of the improvement to others.
After obtaining a patent, the first grand requisitein effecting
the
and
sale
is
make
its
merits
to
importance of the
This
be
known.
done in various
improvement publicly
may
in newspapers,
by cards,circulars,
ways : by advertisements
and
travelling
agents. Some
pamphlets,etc.,by local
sons
perin
them
each town
or
a
appoint agents
county, giving
sale
of
for
the
liberal portionof the net proceeds
rights,or
the
for
sold.
handsome
a
receipts machines
upon
per cent
for
different States,
In estimatingthe value of patent rights
method
is
to fix the price
counties,etc.,one very common
of
with reference to the amount
population.
One of the most
comprehensive and powerful methods
before the public,is
of bringingthe merits of an invention
sliould
prepare
to have
it noticed
This paper,
It is
seen
thousand
persons
country.
engraved in THE
publishedweekly, has
and
SCIENTIFIC
a
CAN.
AMERI-
largecirculation.
hundred
two
or
by probably not less than one
readers,who comprise all of the most
intelligent
of scientific and mechanical
acquirements in the
The
fact of
in
publication
THE
SCIENTIFIC
AMER-
TO
HOW
is
ICAN
the
passport
a
judgment
that
I
been
and
of scientific
advice
of
illustrated
such
advice
sons
per-
tions
inven-
new
invention.
good
SCIENTIFIC
AMERICAN,
in THE
I advise
that
suppose
by all other
than
mechanical
a
its construction.
We
It is upon
rights and
"
well
favor.
and
purchasers
patent
Yes, that is
apt to rely.
fullyunderstand
the right."
upon
to their attention
the
are
has
and
43
PATENTS.
SELL
more
to
you
patents
agenciesand
are
means
It
and
purchase
sold
put
together.
sale,it is always advisable to have the patent
SCIENTIFIC
taken
the
AMERICAN
AGENCY.
out
through
The study necessary
to the preparationof the specification
and
drawings familiarizes our minds with the merits of the
invention,and as all worthy inventions
patented by us are
noticed
enabled
in THE
SCIENTIFIC
to
are
AMERICAN, we
speak of them with some
degree of authority.
We
gravings
keep artists constantlyemployed in preparing enSCIENTIFIC
All our
for THE
AMERICAN.
engravings
Parties who
desire
are
original. We never
printold cuts.
to have
engravings inserted in THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
will please address
MUNN
" Co., 37 Park
Row, New- York.
After
the
publication,
engravings will be returned to the
To
assist the
who
owner,
can
then
use
them
for
other
papers,
circulars*
etc.
AGENTS
WE
TO
SELL.
partieswho
business
to sell patents.
a
are
rarelyenabled
do
Such
to
so.
concerns
are
generally quite fugitivein
their character.
An
office is opened, signsdisplayed,a few
customers
engaged, and then suddenly the shop is closed.
The truth is,that the profitupon
the sales of a singlegood
nishes
patent is equivalent to a fortune,and the business it furis enough to fullyengage
the attention of many
sons.
perare
make
often
Our
to
give
the
advice
to
patentees is
sellingyourselves. If you
and
agents among
your friends,
in your
names
of
We
of
for
asked
it
invention.
:
Take
hold
of
the
ness
busi-
search
assistance,
interest them
specially
want
44
PATENTS.
FROM
INCOME
ROYALTY.
ONE
source
profitable
i
in
This, effect,nvolves
very
and
patentee
; eration
a
of income
which
manufacturer, by
of license
the
to make
patents is royalty.
of contract
sort
a
from
between
a
in considlatter,
the
thing,agrees
to
the
to
pay
each article when
sold.
The
sum
patentee a specified
upon
lipatentee of the chimney-spring,
now
so
commonly used to
accustomed
to grant lichimneys upon lamps, was
;
Eten
to
royaltyof
annual
from
income
'license and
method
receivinga royalty of
on
five to ten dollars
has been estimated
each
on
and
machine,
five hundred
at
few
a
his
thousand
The
might give many
examples of success.
royalty plan is oftentimes the most
profitable
employing patents.
We
dollars.
'
manufacturers
of
A
is the
CIRCLE
of all
or
To
within
area
the
contains
or
plainfigures,
greatest
capacious
most
the
same
line
out-
perimeter.
find
circumference
the
of
a
"
ises
circle,multiply the diameter
by
3.1416, and the product will be the
circumference.
of
find the diameter
To
divide the circumference
four
Some
times
the
not
so.
employers think
i workmen
Employers
unless
ly employed
it
themselves
made
have
can
that of
eter.
the diam-
tains
another,con-
of the other.
area
of all inventions
"
is double
diameter
Any circle whose
circle,
by 3.1416,
the quotientwill be
and
a
no
entitled to
the
ship
owner-
But this is
by their workmen.
claim to the inventions of their
be shown
to bring out such
that the latter
inventions.
was
ly
special-
VALUE
[Prom
OP
The
PATENTS
Scientific
ON
45
PATENTS.
American.]
SMALL
THINGS.
AN
English firm has lately
patented
a
peculiarshape for candleends.
By making them conical,
or
will
fit
stick
candletapering,
they
any
Avithout being papered or tinkered
in
other
Now, a
up
ways.
small
royaltyon each pound
very
of candles will give a largeannual
to the inventors,
and
the
revenue
value
of
their
idea
is
pecuniary
at
seen
might
be
Similar
once.
givenfrom
instances
home,
originated
and
secured
article
in
i some
use
daily
it,they have
simple
received
Despise not the day of small
large rewards.
deride
things,"says the proverb,and we may say, in addition,
inventors
where
cases
at
have
"
idea
no
1
as
useless
that
tends
to
advance
the
arts
and
simple.
of
great misconception prevailsin the minds
very
in respect to patents. They are
regarded
many
persons
fame
future
to
to
or
as
toriety.
nochiefly stepping-stones
passports
An
invention
is first
This
is a huge delusion.
and principally
although
an
investment,justas an artist's picture,
The glory
is a commercial
venture.
an
inspiration,
and renown
attachingto either picture or invention is the
the dessert to the solid feast on dollars and cents.
afterpart,
sciences,
merely
because
it
seems
A
The
natural
result of the mistake
to underrate
on
lead persons
It is not
at
all
"
individuals
"
doubtless
similar
article has
The
been
improvement
itself to
do ?
is to
that
be carried
own
of their ideas.
to
exclaim, What ! get a patlittle aifair that can
thing!" in alludingto some
in the pocket. That very despised thing" will
of a good fortune,
be the foundation
as
a j
many
to hear
uncommon
ent
the value
alluded
use
an
very
it and
art
some
and
individual,
with
Patent
in
before it.
or
manufacture
suggests
'
straightwayappliesit to his |
great advantage. Now, what shall he j
the fruit of his genius to him- i
secure
he
46
CONDUCTING
or
self,
man
and
give it
POWER
to the world
OF
METALS.
without
price? The business
would
if notoriety
be the object,
say the former ; because
confer
not
great patents
only means, but distinction,
where the first is attained,
the 'secondfollows.
[From
A
The
Scientific
American.]
SPARKLING
VANE.
for buildings
be
may
elegantvane
made
twisted spindle,
as
or
by placingin the centre a spiral
be hung on
shown
in the above
This spindleshould
tut
delicate pivots,
the spiralflanches
and the spaces between
nearly covered with small pieces of looking-glassor thin
The least breeze will put it in motion, and
piecesof mica.
several
as the reflectors will assume
every possibleposition,
A
curious
VERY
of them
will be
and
sure
from
revolution,
every
thus
producinga
present the reflection of the
to
whatever
constant
and
POWER
CONDUCTING
ELECTRICAL
sun
at
point it may be viewed,
very brilliant sparkling.
OF
METALS.
THE
effect of the
is to raise their
to
are
from
silver
their
electrical
temperature
copper
; the
the subjoinedtable :
Heat
Silver,
Copper,
Gold,
to
a
less
conducting power.
and
metallic bodies
discharge on
or
cording
greater degree,ac-
The
poorest, lead
evolved.
6
6
best
;
as
conductors
will be
seen
Conducting Power.
120
120
9
SO
Zinc
IS
40
Platinum,
Iron,
Tin,
30
80
36
24
Lead,
7-2
24
20
12
THE
PRELIMINARY
[Prom
The
47
EXAMINATION.
Scientific American.]
TO
IMPORTANT
INVENTORS.
Office at
Washington contains
all
nearly50,000 models pertainingto patented inventions,
to public inspectionand
of which
examination,
are
open
thereto.
relating
togetherwith the drawings and specifications
But the distance of the Capitaland the time and expense
in
in a journey thither
the
involved
fact,
deter,
the
inventors
from
of
reaping
advantageswhich a
majority
of previously patented inventions
personal examination
To obviate
this difficulty
we
might oftentimes give them.
these
of
habit
in
the
examinations
"
making
(Munn
Co.)are
at
THE
United
States Patent
the
Patent
Office for inventors.
When
it is desired
to
whether
an
invention,believed to be
definitely
previouslymade, or to what extent, if any,
new, has been
the applicantsends
it has been
to us a rough
anticipated,
then
make
and
sketch
a
descriptionof the device. We
in
the
Patent
Office
at
examination
Washington,
thorough
and report the result to the applicant. The charge for this
of saving
service is only $5, and it is frequentlythe means
of preparinga model, paythe applicantthe entire expense
ing
that
the
the
fact
Government
fees,etc., by revealing
whole
material
or
ly
portionof his improvement was previousis sometimes
also
This preliminaryexamination
known.
the papers,
of importance in assisting
to properlyprepare
ascertain
so
to avoid
as
with
conflicting
other
inventions
in the
same
carefullynote the distinction
made
this preliminaryexamination
at the Patent
between
and
Office and the examination
opiniongiven at our office,
fee is expected. It
either orallyor by letter,
for which
no
Office
is only when
search is made
at the Patent
a special
that the fee of $5 is required. We
ber
are
able,in a vast numsubmitted
of cases
to us, to decide the questionof patentabili
without
this specialsearch.
See page 6 of this
class.
The
reader
should
little work.
WHEX
done
will
feet.
by
cause
the
means
air
is
of
the water
a
exhausted
from
a
pump-tube, (usually
of the atmosphere
the pressure
piston,)
to rise in the tube to a heightof thirty
48
VALUE
OF
"
THE
SCIENTIFIC
THE
AMERICAN.
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN.
that if
few words
a
should
We
"
of seasonable
induce
are
sure
ation
commend-
of that
largeclass
can
appreciatetrue
merit,to subscribe for this excellent publication,
shall be abundantly rewarded
in
we
the conviction of having earned
their grati|^3tude. It is onlyrecentlythat we have looked
into its columns
with any degree of regularity,
and we
take an
press
earlyopportunityto exany
of intelligent
readers who
,_
*
the
which
experienced in
have
we
valuable
idea of its most
THE
satisfaction and
extreme
To
doing so.
characteristic into
interest
condense
our
sentence,
one
we
embodying the highest
function of all science,namely, its application
to the
in clear,pure, agreeof life,
every-day concerns
practical,
able
will
It
and
a
ful
usea
pleasant
guest
language.
prove
Watchman,
companion at any fireside it may enter."
consider
SCIENTIFIC
AMERICAN
as
"
L.
Greenport,
THE
SCIENTIFIC
studied
by
every
AMERICAN
ought to
intelligent
man,
young
every
be
taken,read, and
or
old,worker or
It commends
poor, in the country.
and is useful and
to all.
interesting
rich
idler,
itself to
or
one,
scientific may
it.
I.
It has
a
learn from
most
the unscientific understand
it,and
peculiarcharm
The
it that
about
interests
and
fects
af-
in his head.
We
person with a grainof sense
in the habit of sending our
copy, after a thorough perusal,
every
are
to the army,
and
that he likes it better
waited
never
ceases
are
no
the friend who
than
for,and
any
other
eagerlyread
its circulation until
longerreadable.
"
so
it writes us,
that it is longingly
receives
paper;
by his
comrades,
bethumbed
Westchester
and
that its columns
County
Journal.
CAN,
that,by subscribingto THE SCIENTIFIC AMERIof
of the year, an
amount
you receive,in the course
readingmatter nearlyequal to four thousand ordinarybook
Remember
THE
from
lightof lightningand
150
to 200
miles.
its
will penetrate
reflections,
50
HEAT-CONDUCTING
ZUR
POWER
OF
FUR
BEACHTUNG
BODIES.
DEUTSCHE
ER-
FINDER.
")ie Unter$eid)neten
fyabeneine
Slnleitnngberau"gegeben,h"eld)e
angiebtft"a8 ju befolgeniftum ein
unb felbige
ttnrb
patent 311 ftcbern,
aiif^ortofrete
Slnfragegratisabge*
S^ad^betn rteiten
otter "tinber
fonnen ^Biirger
"2taaten
tente in ben iBereinigten
^
=
ju benfelben S3ebingungen
erlqn*
tt)ie
bte
ber
S3iirger
gen,
ten @taaten
felbft.
37
Ho.
Park
Hon), Ueio-^ork
Scientific American
A
a
load
MOVING
load
at
pounds, moved
The
beam.
a
much
greater effect
on
a
than
beam
example, if the breaking weight of a
pounds, the load being at rest, a load of 1778
the same
at 30 miles per hour, will break
rest.
is 4150
beam
has
Office.
For
deflection of
girdersincreases
with
the
velocity
of the load.
OF
POWER
HEAT-CONDUCTING
ENT
DIFFER-
BODIES.
i
Gold,
Platinum,
Silver,
Copper,
Tin,
304
981
Lead
180
973
Marble,
1000
.
.
.
Porcelain,.
.
Fire Cla
Fire Brick,.
RELATIVE
CONDUCTING
POWER
OF
FLUIDS.
Mercury,
Water,
10001
357
Proof
Spirit,
|Alcohol, (pure,)
312
232
IMPORTANCE
five per
inventions.
than
LESS
chemical
is that
leaves
The
first
chemists
the
patents issued
impressionwhich
not
are
wide
so
too, as if the
it seems,
for they have
chance,
best
of all the
cent
And
mechanics.
INVENTION.
CHEMICAL
FOR
FIELD
American.!
Scientiac
the
[From
51
INVENTIONS.
CHEMICAL
OF
the
this fact
awake
chemists
have
infinite in number,
simple substances or elements,while the mechanic
But
this
chemist,if
the
to the
wish
we
benefactor
of mankind.
substances
has
chance.
been
were
of
shelves
a
a
soon
to be
be
A
we
of the value of THE
:
I would
volumes
should
and
my
many
as
to
in
invention
photography
SCIENTIFIC
soon
others
ever
SCIENTIFIC
otherwise
of
product
chromine,
; iodine,
'
compel
AMERICAN
empty shelves."
kind
same
in
cannot
is
call at
proud
do
the
to
to sell my
should
of readers
supper
book-store
that
say
likewise.'
from
speaking
its host
to
going without
of
go and
me
we
of wealth
Buffalo,says,
AMERICAN
think
to
and
men,
wonderful
of arts more
electro- telegraph
or
ing ?
complete and nicelybound
poverty
result
reasonablyexpect that
neglected,which
thingsnow
Thursday night as to neglectto
the Paper-of papers ; and I am
influenced
new
not
correspondent,writingfrom
"
a
other
of the
more
the
to
useful than
more
the
of
as
chemical
a
made
greatest value
discovered
directlylead
and
merit
mon,
comthings,now
only rare specimens on the
very long
chemist's
before they were
curiosity-shop,
developed. May
virtues may
much
as
hundred
a
that much
doubt
known
ments.
ele-
little unfair for
a
his real
too
of it was
use
mechanical
time
be of the
to
have
will
the
and
was
the
is limited
far the introduction
slow
Illuminating
gas
for
determine
to
too
only five
reasoningis
Thus
for centuries before any
and
chloroform,aniline,
found
of
course
of
use
the
as
tions,
range of all the combinaof all the sixty or more
almost
in all his inventions
for
are
on
for
I have
I have
my
volume
five ; and
Bible
library,
my
remain
to
grace
the
52
PATENT
1870.
OF
LAWS
THE
LAWS
PATENT
OF
UNITED
STATES
ACT
to
it enacted
of .the
That
United
there
the
by
the statutes
amend
lating
re-
copy-rights.
(he Senate
States
AMERICA.
8, 1870.
and
revise,consolidate,
to patents and
Be
OF
JULY
PASSED
AN"
THE
of
and
of Representatives
Congress assembled:
terior
to the Department of the Inknown
tent-Off
the Paas
established,
in
America
shall be attached
House
heretofore
office,
all records, books, models, drawings,
wherein
and other papers and thingspertaining
to
specifications,
shall be safelykept and preserved.
OFFICERS,
SALARIES,
AND
tents
pa-
SURETIES.
be it furtJier
SEC. 2. And
enacted,That the officers and
sioner
employees of said office shall continue to be : one Commisof Patents,
one
Assistant
Commissioner, and three
appointed by the President,and
to be
examiners-in-chief,
of the Senate ; one
by and with the advise and consent
chief clerk,one examiner
in charge of interferences,
twentyfirst-assistant
two
ners,
examiprincipalexaminers,twenty-two
twenty-two second-assistant examiners,one librarian,
one
machinist,five clerks of class four,six clerks of class
clerks of class two, forty-five
clerks of class one,
three,fifty
LAWS
PATENT
and
be
one
shall
purchasing clerk,all of whom
tion
Secretaryof the Interior,
upon nomina-
the
Commissioner
of the
SEC. 3. And
53
and
messenger
appointed by
1870.
OF
be it
of Patents.
further enacted,That
the
Secretaryof
also appoint,upon
like nomination,such
the Interior may
additional clerks of classes two and one, and of lower grades,
skilled laborers,
laborers,
copyistsof drawings,female copyists,
and watchmen, as
may be from time to time appropriated
for by Congress
be it further enacted,That the annual
ries
salaSEC. 4. And
of the officers and employees of the Patent-Office shall
be
as
follows
Of the
:
of Patents,four thousand
Commissioner
five hundred
dollars.
Of
the
Of the
Of
the
Of the
Assistant
three
examiners-iu-chief,
chief clerk,two thousand
examiner
five hundred
Of
the
Commissioner, three
in
thousand
thousand
dollars.
dollars
five hundred
each.
dollars.
two
chargeof interferences,
thousand
dollars.
five hundred
thousand
principalexaminers, two
dollars each.
Of
the first assistant
dred
eighthun-
thousand
examiners,one
dollars each.
Of the second
dollars
assistant
examiners,one
thousand
dred
six hun-
each.
Of
the
Of
the
thousand
one
librarian,
machinist,one thousand
Of
the
clerks
of class
eighthundred
six hundred
dollars.
eighthundred
thousand
four,one
dollars.
dollars each.
Of
the
clerks
of class
three,one
thousand
six hundred
dollars each.
Of
the
clerks of
class
two,
thousand
one
four
hundred
dollars each.
Of the clerks of class one,
each.
one
Of the messenger
and
Of
watchmen,
laborers
and
thousand
two
purchasingclerk,one
seven
hundred
hundred
thousand
and
lars
dol-
lars.
dol-
twenty
dollars each.
Of
the
additional
clerks,copyists of drawings, female
54
LAWS
PATENT
OF
1870.
and skilled laborers,
such rates as may
be fixed by
copyists,
the acts making appropriationsfor them.
be it farther enacted.That all officers and
SEC. 5. And
employees of the Patent-Office shall,before enteringupon
oath
for affirmation trulyand faithfully
their duties,make
to
the trusts committed
to them.
be it fiirtlier
SEC. 6. And
enacted,That
execute
and
chief clerk,before
give bond,
with
enteringupon
to
sureties,
States,the former
United
and
the latter in the
for the
they will
sum
DUTIES
SEC. 7. And
to
OP
sum
their duties,shall severally
of the
the Treasurer
of
ten
thousand
lars,
dol-
of five thousand
dischargeof their
the proper
of all money
received
account
render
faithful
in the
the Commissioner
conditioned
dollars,
and
that
duties,
officersof the treasury
by virtueof
AND
COMMISSIONER,
a
true
their office.
OTHERS.
be it
That
it shall be the
furtJierenacted,
tary
duty of the Commissioner, under the direction of the Secreof the Interior,
ties
to superintendor
perform all the durespectingthe grantingand issuingof patents which
herein are, or may
hereafter be, by law directed to be done ;
and he shall have charge of all books, records,papers, models,
and
other
said
office.
machines,
things belongingto
be it furtherenacted,That the Commissioner
SEC. 8. And
send and receive by mail,free of postage, letters,
ed
printmay
and
fice,
packages relatingto the business of his ofmatter,
includingPatent-Office reports.
SEC. 9. And belt furtherenacted,That the Commissioner
in the month
shall lay before Congress,
of January,annually,
of all moneys
received
a report givinga detailed statement
for patents, for copies of records or drawings,
from any
or
whatever
other source
of all expenditures
; a detailed statement
for contingentand miscellaneous
expenses ; a list of
all patents which
were
granted duringthe preceding year,
designating under proper heads the subjectsof such patents;
list
with
of
the patentees
their
an
alphabetical
placesof residence ; a list of all patents which have been
extended
during the year ; and such other information of
the condition
or
the
of the Patent-Office
public.
as
may
be useful to Congress
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OF
55
EXAMINERS-IN-CHIEF.
SEC. 10. And
be it
further enacted,That the examinersin-chief shall be persons
of competent
legalknowledge and
scientific ability,
whose duty it shall be, on the written petition
of the appellant,
the
to revise and determine
lidity
vaupon
of the adverse decisions of examiners
tions
applicaupon
for patents, and for reissues of patents, and in interference
when
cases
required by the Commissioner,
; and
they shall
hear
and
report upon
claims
for extensions, and
perform such
other like duties as he may
assignthem.
SEC. 11. And
be it furtherenacted,That
in case
of the
absence,
death,resignation,
his
duties
until
a
shall devolve
successor
shall
shall
device
records
appointed,or
such
absence
or
ness
sick-
cease.
SEC. 12. And
such
shall be
sickness of the Commissioner,
the Assistant
Commissioner
upon
or
cause
as
be it
a
the
sioner
further enacted,That the Commisseal to be provided for said office,
with
President
issued from
papers
shall be authenticated.
or
may
approve,
said
to
office,
with
which
all
dence,
be used in evi-
sioner
further enacted,That the Commisshall cause
to be classified and arranged in suitable
and galleries
provided for that purpose,
cases, in the rooms
the models, specimens of composition,fabrics,
manufactures,
works of art,and designs,
which have been or shall be deposited
in said office ; and said rooms
shall be kept
and galleries
duringsuitable hours for publicinspection.
open
sioner
SEC. 14. And
be it further enacted,That the Commisrestore
to the respective
applicantssuch of the
may
he shall not
models
as
belongingto rejectedapplications
think necessary
he may sell or otherwise
to be preserved,
or
has been finally
jected
redispose of them after the application
for one
year, paying the proceeds into the treasury,
other patent moneys
directed to be paid.
as
are
SEC. 15. And
be it further enacted,
That
there shall be
tific
sciena libraryof such
purchased,for the use of said office,
works
and periodicals,
both foreignand American, as
SEC. 13. And
be it
56
may
1870.
OF
LAWS
PATENT
ceeding
dischargeof their duties,not exannuallyappropriatedby Congress for
aid the officers in the
the amount
that purpose.
AND
OFFICERS
EMPLOYES
NOT
TO
HOLD
PATENTS.
all officers and
be it furtherenacted,That
SEC. 16. And
duringthe
employees of the Patent-Office shall be incapable,
for which
period'
they shall
hold
their
quire
appointments,to acor
indirectly,
or
take,directly
except by inheritance
bequest, any right or interest in any patent issued by
or
said office.
furOier enacted,That for gross
refuse to recognize
Commissioner
any
may
SEC. IV. And
the
be it
conduct
misson
per-
patent agent, either generallyor in any particular
shall be duly recordfor suctfrefusal
case
; but the reasons
eJ, and be subject to the approvalof the Secretaryof the
Interior.
as
a
SEC. 18. And
be it
further enacted,That
the
sioner
Commis-
requireall papers filed in the Patent-Office,if
and clearly
correctly,legibly,
written,to be printedat
them.
cost of the party filing
may
not
the
SEC. 19. And
be it
may
:
from
approval of
the
subject to
time
to
I ceedingsin the Patent
SEC. 20.
And
the
law, for
the
sioner,
Commis-
Secretaryof
time establish
with
inconsistent
tions, not
furtfierenacted, That
rules
and,
the conduct
terior,
the In-
regulaof pro-
Office.
be it
further enacted,That
the
sioner
Commis-
to be printed copiesof the speciprintor cause
fications
and of the drawings of the
of all letters-patent,
and copiesof the claims of current
issues,and copies
same,
and
of such laws,decisions,rules,regulations,
circulars as
for the information of the public.
be necessary
may
SEC. 21. Andbditfartlierenacted,That allpatents shall
may
States of America, under
and
shall be signed by the
the seal of the Patent
Office,
sioner,
Secretaryof the Interior and countersignedby the Commisbe issued
in the
and
name
they shall
of the United
be
recorded,togetherwith the speci-
58
PATENT
LAWS
of its
1870.
OP
first
patented or caused to be patented
in a
shall not have
; provided the same
in
the United
introduced into public use
States for
been
than two
and that the
more
priorto the application,
years
time with the foreignpapatent shall expire at the same
tent,
havingbeen
foreigncountry
son
or, if there
the
be
havingthe
one
in force
shortest term
than
more
than
more
seventeen
SEC. 26.
or
or
case
shall it be
SPECIFICATION.
shall make
in writing,
therefor,
application
shall file in the
of the same,
description
of
no
with
be it further enacted,That before any inventor
discoverer
shall receive a patent for his invention
Commissioner, and
written
in
time
And
discovery,he
to the
; but
same
years.
AND
DESCRIPTION
at the
one,
and
of the
Patent-Office
manner
and
a
cess
pro-
in such
making, constructing,
compounding,
and exact
terms
as
full,
clear,
concise,
and
person
skilled in the art
it appertains,
with
or
which
or
it is most
science
to
which
to
using it,
enable
nearlyconnected, to make,
any
struct,
con-
of a machine,
compound, and use the same
; and in case
he shall explain the principlethereof,and the best
mode
in which he has contemplatedapplying that principle
it from other inventions
to distinguish
so
as
; and he shall
claim the part, improvement,
point out and distinctly
particularly
or
combination
and
discovery;
the inventor
by
which
claims
and
specification
said
and
he
attested
by
two
as
claim
his invention
shall be
or
signed
witnesses.
DRAWINGS.
SEC. 27. And
of
furnish
fact,and
the
case
one
copy
attested
be it
ture
further enacted,That when the naof drawings,the applicantshall
admits
signed by the inventor or his attorney in
by
two
witnesses, which
shall be filed in
of said drawings, to be
copy
to the tent
furnished by the Patent-Office, shall be attached
pathe
of
as
a part
specification.
the
Patent-Office;and
a
COMPOSITIONS.
SEC. 28.
And
be itfurtherenacted,That when
the
inven-
LAWS
PATENT
1870.
OF
59
discoveryis of a composition of matter, the applicant,
if required by the
Commissioner, shall furnish specimens
sufficient in quantity
of ingredients
and of the composition,
for the purpose
of experiment.
tion
or
And
SEC. 29.
be itfurther enacted,That
of
admit
in all
which
cases
model, the
representationby
applicant,if required
shall
furnish
of convenient
size
one
Commissioner,
by
exhibit
to
advantageouslythe several parts of his invention
or
discovery.
the
OATH
shall
make
himself
be it
And
SEC. 30.
oath
be
to
OP
INVENTION.
farther enacted, That
affirmation
or
that
does
first inventor
originaland
the
he
the
applicant
verilybelieve
discoverer
or
of the art, machine, manufacture, composition,or
for which
he solicits a patent; that he does
does
and
used
or
And
believe
; and
shall
said
oath
or
the United
in
oaths
not
state
the
of
affirmation
States
same
was
what
may
be
before
ever
country
made
he
is
a
before
by law
authorized
know
not
to
known
citizen.
any
son
per-
administer
fore
applicantresides in a foreigncountry, beminister,charge d'affaires,
consul, or commercial
any
of the
under
the government
agent, holding commission
United States, or
before
any notary public of the foreign
be.
country in which the applicantmay
;
or
when
that
ment
improve-
the
OFFICIAL
SEC. 31.
any
such
And
be it
further enacted,That on the filingof
applicationand the payment of the duty required
by law, the Commissioner
made
such
of the
allegednew
shall
an
cause
invention
or
examination
a
it shall appear
that the claimant
patent under the law, and that the same
useful
and
patent therefor.
important,the Commissioner
to
and
discovery ;
examination
entitled to
a
EXAMINATION.
if
be
on
is justly
is sufficiently
shall issue
60
PATENT
LAWS
OF
COMPLETION
APPLICATION.
be it furtherenacted,That
And
SEC. 32.
1870.
OF
all
applications
for patents shall be completed and prepared for examination
the
after
of
the
within two
and
filing
petition,
years
failure
of
the
in default thereof,or upon
applicantto prosecute
after
within
action
two
the same
therein, of
any
years
which
shall have
notice
shall be
abandoned
regardedas
shown
it be
that such
been
satisfaction of the
the
to
RIGHTS
And
granted
be it
issued
and
for
application
in
living,
be
the
And
SEC. 34.
be it
intestate
same,
the
law
at
;
his
on
or
terms
and
or
DECEASE
executor
OF
or
specification
also,if he
INVESTOR.
administrator,in
deceased,in
shall
then in trust for his
same
the
and
the
case
further enacted,That when any person,
invention
for
which
new
or
discovery
before
been
dies
is
a patent
granted,
and
for
the patent
applying
obtaining
of the
if he
in such
; but
discoverer ; and
for reissue.
application
AFTER
having made any
a patent might have
granted,the right of
shall devolve
the
patent shall be made
an
be
ventor
assigneeof the inassignment thereof being first
reissued to
or
of
case
PATENTS
the heirs
furtherenacted,That patents may
the inventor
by
to
sworn
ASSIGNEES.
in the Patent-Office
of record
entered
OF
discoverer, the
or
Commissioner
unavoidable
delay was
SEC. 33.
given to the applicant,they
less
by the partiesthereto,un-
have
case
left a
in
devisees,
conditions
aathe
for
trust
he shall have
died
will,disposingof the
as
full
same
manner
might
and
have
on
been
enjoyed by him in his lifetime ; and when the
shall be made
the
by such legalrepresentatives,
application
shall be so varied
oath or affirmation requiredto be made
that it can
be made
n form
by them.
claimed
or
LAPSED
SEC. 35.
has
an
And
interest
AND
REJECTED
CASES.
be itfurtherenacted,
That
in
an
invention
or
who
person
inwhether
as
discovery,
any
ventor, discoverer,or
1870.
OF
LAWS
PATENT
for
assignee,
which
61
patent
a
was
of the final fee,but
upon the payment
make
payment thereof within six months
to issue
failed
to
and
ed
order-
who
has
from
the
allowed, and
notice thereof
passed
shall
have
sent to the applicantor his agent,
a right to
was
for a patent for such invention or discovery
make
an
application
in the case
of an
the same
as
:
originalapplication
Provided,That the second applicationbe made within two
of the originalapplication.But
years after the allowance
shall be held
responsible in damages for the
no
person
of any
article or thing for which
manufacture
use
or
a
the
issue
ordered
to
to
was
issue,prior
patent,as aforesaid,
And
That
for
when
thereof:
an
application
further,
provided
a patent has been
rejectedor withdrawn, prior to the passage
from
of this act, the applicantshall have six months
his application,
to file
the date of such passage to renew
or
if he omit
to do
one
new
a
either,his application
; and
shall be held to have been
abandoned.
Upon the hearing
abandonment
shall be conof such
renewed
sidered
applications
time
at
which
as
it
was
question of fact.
a
ASSIGNMENTS,
writing; and
representatives
may,
assignablein law, by an
patentee or his assignsor
the
in
exclusive
in
rightunder
part of the United
like
his
mortgagee
a
notice,unless it is recorded
months
from
SEC. 37. And
whole
said
convey
or
any
againstany subsequent
valuable
legal
an
fied
speci-
assignment,grant,
chaser
pur-
consideration, without
in the Patent-Office
RIGHTS
BEFORE
within
three
PATENT.
further enacted,That
purchased of the inventor,or
have
may
ledge and consent
discovered
as
the
or
ment
instru-
the date thereof.
PURCHASERS'
who
to
States ; and
for
grant and
manner,
patent
shall be void
conveyance
or
be it
may
have
person
every
with his know
newly invented
prior to
patentablearticle,
constructed
machine, or other
the application
by the inventor or
or
patent
every
interest therein shall be
any
or
CONVEYANCES.
AND
be itfurtherenacted,That
And
SEC. 36.
GRANTS,
any
discoverer
for
a
patent, or
62
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OF
shall have the rightto use,
constructed,
made
and vend to others to be used, the specificthings so
therefor.
or
purchased,without liability
sold
used
or
so
one
ARTICLES
PATENTED
SKC. 38. Andbe
TO
STAMPED.
BE
enacted,That
itfurtfier
duty of all patentees, and
tatives,and of all persons
it shall be
the
assigns and legal represen- j
making or vending any patented i
article for or under
them, to give sufficient notice to the j
is patented,either by fixingthereon
publicthat the same
j
with
the
the
the word
and
;
patented,"together
day
year
of the
granted; or when, from the character
patent was
this can
be done, by fixingto it or to the pack- j
not
article,
is inclosed,
label conof them
or more
taining
a
age wherein one
in any
the like notice ; and
suit for infringement,
covered
by the party failingso to mark, no damages shall be reby the plaintiff,
except on proof that the defendant
of
the
and
was
infringement,
continued, aftxT
duly notified
such notice,to make, use, or vend the article so patented.
their
"
"
PENALTY
And
SEC. 39.
shall,in
sold
by
or
name
obtained
patentee,
any
the
be it
FALSE
mark
for which
if any
person
upon
any thing made, used, or
has not
obtained a patent, the
he
imitation of the
any
MARKING.
furtlierenacted,That
manner,
any
him
name
of any
who
person
the consent
therefor,without
assignsor legalrepresentatives
; or
has
a
patent
of such
or
his
shall in
mark
manner
word
any
counterfeit
or
upon
"patent"
patent,"or
or
FOR
word
or
"
affix to any
or
the
patentee,"or
of like
the mark
such
patented article
import, with intent
device
of
"letters-
words
to
imitate
the
patentee, without
patentee or his assigns
of such
having the license or consent
shall in any manner
mark
or
or
legalrepresentatives;
upon
affix to any unpatented article the word
"or
or
"patent,
any
word importing that the same
is patented,for the purpose
such
of deceiving the public,he shall be liable for every
hundred
offense to a penalty of not less than
one
dollars,
of
said
who
the
with costs; one
penaltyto
moiety
person
shall
sue
for the same,
and
the other
to
the
use
of the United
PATENT
be recovered
States,to
United
have
LAWS
States
been
within
And
shall
payment
may,
the Patent-Office a caveat
same,
of its
have
desire
on
right until
and
such
the
office and
any
time
further
citizen
invention
new
the
mature
to
of
of the
duty required by law, file in
settingforth the design thereof,
he shall have
shall be
caveat
matured
his invention
filed in the confidential
;
archives of
preserved in secrecy, and shall be operative
of one
thereof;and if apyear from the filing
plication
for the term
shall be made
with
patent
within
which
the year
such
the Commissioner
interfere,
in the
shall
manner
model
confidential
other
by any
person
in any
manner
the
deposit
description,
caveat
specifications,
drawings,and
like
made
any
and praying proteccharacteristics,
distinguishing
tion
of his
a
any
be it further enacted,That
States,who
discovery,and shall
for
district court
of the
such offense may
jurisdiction
whose
the United
and
63
committed.
SKC. 40
or
suit in
by
1870.
OF
would
of such
archives
applicationin
and
office,
t
he
filing
caveat,
of the
give notice thereof,by mail,to the person
who, if he would avail himself of his caveat, shall file his
description,
specifications,
drawings,and model within three
months
from
the time of placing said notice in the post
office in Washington,with the usual time required for transmitting
it to the caveator
indorsed
States
one
oath
made
the notice.
on
herein
added
And
granted, if he
year
next
thereto,which
an
time
alien shall have
shall have
precedingthe
of his intention to become
resided
shall be
the
in the
lege
priviUnited
of his caveat, and
filing
a
citizen.
REJECTIONS.
SEC. 41.
And
be
enacted,That whenever, on
for any reason
examination, any claim for a patent is rejected
shall
whatever, the Commissioner
notify the applicant
for such
the reasons
thereof,giving him briefly
rejections,
together with
useful in
or
such
it further
information
and
references
as
may
be
tion
judging of the propriety of renewing his applicaof alteringnis specification
and
after
if,
receiving
;
G4
PATENT
such
notice,the
patent, with
or
applicantshall persistin his claim
without
the
alteringhis specifications,
shall order
SEC. 42.
for
is made
patent
a
Commissioner, would
or
reexamination
a
of the
be it further enacted,That
And
with
1870.
OF
LAWS
interfere
with
ai.y
a
missioner
Com-
case.
whenever
which, in the
for
an
opinion
application
of the
pending application,
give notice
shall
unexpired patent,he
or
applicants,
applicantand patentee, as the
and
shall
direct the primary examiner
to probe,
ceed
the
of
determine
question
priorityof invention.
any
thereof to the
case
may
to
And
Commissioner
the
shall be
adjudged the
party shall appeal from
the
a
patent
decision
to
of the
of the board
or
may
issue
the party who
prior inventor,unless the adverse
may
be, within
such
shall
Commissioner
of examiners-in-chief.
time, not less than twenty
And
be
establish
as
the
days,as
aminer,
ex-
case
the
prescribe.
AFFIDAVITS
SEC. 43.
primary
it
AND
DEPOSITIONS.
fitrtlier
enfwted,That
the
sioner
Commis-
taking affidavits and depositions
and
required in cases
pending in the Patent-Office,
cer
such affidavits and depositions
may be taken before any offiin the
authorized by law to take depositions
to be used
the officer
of the United States,
or of the State where
courts
may
rules for
resides.
DUTY
case
CLERK
OF
COURT.
Patent-Office,
tion
shall,upon the applicaparty thereto,or his agent or attorney, issue
pending
of any
OF
in the
trict
residingor being within said disor
commanding him to appear and testify
territory,
authorized
to
before any officer in said district or territory
and place in the
and affidavits,
at any time
take depositions
after being duly served
subpoena stated ; and if any witness,
with such
subpoena, shall neglect or refuse to appear, or
subpoena
for any
witness
66
PATENT
shall
missioner
set
LAWS
forth in
appoint,his
writing.
1870.
OF
of
reasons
appeal,specifically
be it furtherenacted,That
SEC. 50. And
to hear and
duty of said court, on petition,
to revise
appeal,and
on
way,
the decision
evidence
the
it shall
determine
appealedfrom
produced
the
be
before
in
the
such
a
mary
sum-
sioner,
Commis-
earlyand convenient time as the court may
of the time and
place
appoint,notifyingthe Commissioner
of hearing; and the revision shall be confined to the points
of appeal. And
after hearing the
set forth in the reasons
such
at
the
case,
of
court
shall
return
the
to
Commissioner
a
cate
certifi-
which
shall be entered
proceedingsand decision,
and
of record in the Patent-Office,
the further pro
govern
But
no
opinionor decision of the
ceedings in the case.
shall precludeany person
interested
court in any such case
of such patent in any
from the rightto contest
the validity
court
its
wherein
And
SEC. 51.
notice
the
of the
Commissioner
same
be it
time
shall
called in
be
may
question.
further enacted,That
and
of
place
hearing
all
notify
partieswho
on
such
appear
receiving
appeal,the
to
be
terested
in-
the court
as
therein,in such manner
scribe.
premay
The party appealingshall lay before the court certified
and
evidence
in the
copies of all the original
papers
shall furnish it with the grounds
case, and the Commissioner
of his decision,fullyset forth in writing,
touching all the
of appeal. And
at the request
pointsinvolved by the reasons
of the court, the
missioner
Comof any
or
party interested,
and
in
the examiners
explanationof the
thing for
which
a
patent
either
on
And
be examined
under
principlesof the machine
or
oath,
other
patent is demanded.
BILL
SEC. 52.
may
be
it
EQUITY.
IX
further enacted,That
applicationis
refused,for any
reason
the supreme
whenever
a
whatever,
of the
court
by
District of Columbia
appeal from the Commissioner,
upon
the
the applicantmay
have remedy by bill in equity; and
notice to adverse
court
on
having cognizance thereof,
ties
parand other due proceedingshad, may
that
such
adjudge
is
receive a patent
to
to
applicant
entitled,
according law,
by
the Commissioner
or
for his
invention, as
the
thereof,as
facts
1870.
LAWS
OF
in
specified
his
PATENT
in the
for any
claim,or
part
if
adjudication,
may
appear.
it be in favor of the rightof the
And
shall
the
patent,
the
authorize
Commissioner
in
applicationfiling
and
law.
cases
complying
where
with
such
applicant,
issue such
to
the Patent-Office
otherwise
in all
And
case
on
judicatio
copy of the adthe requisitions
of
there is no
a
opposing party
a
of the bill shall be served
the Commissioner, and
on
copy
of the proceedingshall be paid by the apall the expenses
plicant,
whether
the final decision is in his favor or not.
Sec. 53.
And
be it further enacted,That
patent is inoperativeor invalid,
by
insufficient
or
specification,
by
reason
whenever
of
of
reason
any
defective
a
the
or
patentee
than he had
claimingas his own invention or discoverymore
claim as new, if the error
has arisen by inadvertence,
a rightto
accident,or mistake, and without any fraudulent or
the Commissioner
render
deceptive intention,
shall,on the surof such patent and the payment
of the duty required
a new
by law, cause
patent for the same
invention,and in
with the corrected
accordance
to be issued
to
specification,
the patentee, or, in the case
of his death or assignment of
the whole
or
any undivided
part of the originalpatent, to
his executors, administrators,
or
assigns,for the unexpired
part of the term
which
shall
patent ; and
several
of the
take
effect
originalpatent,
the Commissioner
patents
to
the
upon
be issued
issue
the
of
surrender
of the
amended
in his discretion,
cause
may,
for distinct and separate parts
of the
and
of the applicant,
thing patented,upon demand
of the required fee for a reissue for each
payment
upon
of such reissued letters-patent.
And
the specifications
and
claim in every such case
shall be subjectto revision and restriction
in the same
manner
as
are.
applications
original
the patent so
And
with
the
corrected
reissued,
together
shall
have
effect
and operationin law, on
the
specification,
the trial of all actions
thereafter arising,
for causes
as
had
the
in
filed
been
such
corrected
same
though
originally
forms
; but
no
nor
specification,
shall
matter
new
in
case
of
a
be
machine
introduced
into
the
patent shall the
drawings be amended, except each by the other
model
nor
there is neither
when
drawing, amendments
the Commissioner
to
be made
proof satisfactory
upon
model
but
may
that
1870.
OF
LAWS
PATENT
or
such
or
amendment
was
omitted
matter
new
original invention, and
was
from
a
;
of the
part
specification
the
aforesaid.
by inadvertence, accident,or mistake, as
DISCLAIMERS.
And
SKC. 54.
be
it
further enacted, That
through inadvertence, accident,or mistake, and
a
fraudulent or deceptive intention,
patentee
that of which
than
more
he
the original
was
whenever,
without
has
or
any
claimed
first inventor
discoverer,his patent shall be valid for all that part
or
is a
provided the same
material or substantial part
thingpatented; and any
whether
of the whole
such patentee, his heirs,or assigns,
or any sectional interest therein,
may, on payment of the duty
of such parts of the thing
disclaimer
required by law,make
tue
patented as he shall not choose to claim or to hold by virof the patent or assignment,statingtherein the extent
which
is
trulyand
justlyhis
own,
of the
of his interest in such
writing,attested by
the
patent
or
one
and
Patent-Office,
; said
more
it shall
disclaimer
be
in
witnesses,and recorded
in
thereafter
to the
specification
part of the original
the claimant
possessed by
him
after the record
affect any action
far as may
so
thereof.
pending at
relate
to
and
But
the
the
be
considered
of the
extent
by
those
no
such
time
shall
as
est
inter-
claimingunder
disclaimer
of its
shall
being filed,cept
ex-
questionof
unreasonable
it.
neglector delay in filing
SUITS
INFRINGEMENT,
SEC. 55. And
be it furtherenacted.That
controversies,aud
the
in
United
States
equity as
States,or
of
District
shall
at
any
cases
shall
law, by
have
power,
aggrieved,to
the
court,
of Columbia,
grant
upon
or
all
actions,
suits,
arisingunder the patent laws of
be originally
cognizable,as well
district court
circuit
a
FOR.
circuit
having
or
by
of any
bill in
the
courts
the
of the
powers
Supreme
Court
territory
; and
equity
filed
injunctions
accordingto
and
by
the
the
any
course
United
diction
jurisof the
court
party
and
LAWS
PATENT
1370.
OF
principlesof courts of equity,to prevent the violation of
the court
as
by patent, on such terms
any right secured
reasonable
deem
decree being rendered
a
; and
may
upon
such
in any
for
case
in addition
entitled to recover,
for
by
sustained
court
shall have
found
that
by
be assessed
to
same
discretion
to the
defendant, the
thereby,and the court
the
the
are
same
given
verdicts
shall
under
the
assess
its
to increase the
powers
by this act to increase
in actions
upon
the
case
brought during the term for which
patent shall be granted or extended, or within
the expirationthereof.
TO
APPEALS
And
be it
SUPREME
same
or
direction,and
shall be
SEC. 56.
be
ed
profitsto be accountdamages the complainant has
the
cause
shall
claimant
the
infringement,
an
the
in its
same
the
; but
ges
damaall
tions
ac-
the letterssix years
ter
af-
COURT.
That
further enacted,
a
writ
of
error
States shall
Supreme Court of the United
all judgments and
lie from
decrees of any circuit court, or
of any district court
of a circuit
exercisingthe jurisdiction
court, or of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia,
in any action,suit,
or of any
territory,
controversy, or case,
in the same
at law or in equity,touching patent rights,
ner
manand
under
the same
circumstances
in other judgas
ments
and decrees
of such circuit courts, without
regard to
appeal to
or
the
sum
the
of value
in controversy.
RECORD
SEC. 57. And
EVIDENCE.
be it furtherenacted,That
written
printed
copiesof any records,books, papers, or drawings belonging
under the sigto the Patent-Office, and of letters-patent
nature
of the Commissioner
or
Acting Commissioner, with
the seal of office affixed,
shall be competent evidence
in all
wherein
the originals
could be evidence,and any per
cases
son
therefor,and paying the fee required
making application
by law, shall have certified copiesthereof. And
copies of
the specificationsand
drawings of foreign letters-patent,
certified in like manner,
of
shall be prima-facie evidence
the fact of the grantingof such foreignletters-patent.,
and
of the date
and
contents
thereof.
or
70
shall
be
of such
be itfurtherenacted,That
And
SEC. 58.
PROCEEDINGS.
EQUITY
INTERFERENCE
1870.
OF
LAWS
PATENT
whenever
there
interested
in any
any person
tion
interfering
patents, or in the working of the inven-
interferingpatents,
either of such
under
claimed
have
patents, may
relief
patentee, and all partiesinterested
againstthe interfering
terfering
of the inunder
him, by suit in equityagainstthe owners
havingcognizancethereof,
patent ; and the court
notice
and
to adverse
herein before provided,or
parties,
as
of equiother due proceedingshad accordingto the course
ty,
void
in
adjudge and declare either of the patents
may
invalid in any particuin part, or inoperative,
whole
or
or
lar
States,accordingto the interest of
part of the United
the partiesin the patent or the invention patented. But no
such judgment or adjudicationshall affect the rightsof an_\fc
tle
except the partiesto the suit and. those derivingtiperson
them
under
subsequent
DAMAGES
infringementof
the
any patent may
circuit court
of
in any
case
of such
ment.
judg-
INFRINGEMENT.
be it furtherenacted,That
And
SEC. 59.
FOR
rendition
the
to
damages
be recovered
United
the
by
for the
action
States,or
on
trict
dis-
of a circuit court, or
exercisingthe jurisdiction
in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, or of any
of the party interested,either a?
in the
name
territory,
whenever
in any such
or
grantee. And
patentee, assignee,
court
action
court
amount
shall be
verdict
a
judgment
enter
mav
found
the
by
accordingto
times
i ceedingthree
with
for
rendered
thereon
verdict
as
for
the
of
the
of such
amount
the
plaintiff,
above
sum
any
actual damages
the circumstances
the
the
the
tained,
sus-
not
case,
ex
verdict,together
the costs.
PART
SEC. 60.
INFRINGEMENT,
be
And
it
SUIT
FOR.
further enacted,
That
through inadvertence, accident, or mistake, and
willful default
patentee
shall
originaland
or
intent
have
to
(in his
first inventor
defraud
or
mislead
without
the
claimed
specification)
or
discoverer
j
whenever
of any
an-
"
public,;" !
to
be
material
tin"
r
LAWS
PATENT
part of the
substantial
and
the original
not
maintain
patent, may
provided
the thingpatented,and
own,
the
parts
discoverer
or
any
law
at
sectional
in
or
be
embrace
specifications
may
the original
or
patentee was
But
shall
decree
he
shall
have
in the
the
the
than
more
fringemen
in-
that of
first inventor
\0iicha
or
benefits
has
coverer.
dis-
judgment
costs
no
plaintiff,
disclaimer
the proper
before the commencement
entitled to
be
casein
for the
rendered
be
the Patent-Office
shall
such
in every
unless
recovered
interest
from
definitely
distinguishable
standing
right as aforesaid,notwith-
claimed, without
so
the
was
as
equityfor
the
which
he
bona fide his
was
part thereof which
any
it shall be a material
and
substantial part
of
of
or
suit
a
which
aforesaid,
and
signs,
asexecutors, administrators,
of the whole
whether
71
thing patented,of
first inventor
patentee, his
such
every
1870.
OF
been
or
shall be
entered
at
of the suit ; nor
of this section if he
unreasonablyneglectedor delayed to
sai-i
enter
disclaimer.
IN
PLEADINGS
be it
SEC. 61. And
INFRINGEMENT.
further enacted,That
in any
action
infringementthe defendant may plead the generalissue,
his
or
and, having given notice in writing to the plaintiff
trial any one
on
or
prove
attorney, thirtydays before,may
of the following
more
specialmatters:
of deceivingthe public the
First. That for the purpose
filed by the patentee in the
descriptionand specification
for
was
Patent;0ffice
made
to
relative to his invention
produce
to
who
or
discovery,or
the desired
more
truth
than
is
cessary
ne-
effect ; or,
obtained
or unjustly
surreptitiously
patent for that which was in fact invented by another,
in adaptingand perfectwas
using reasonable diligence
ing
the
; or,
same
Third.
it has
That
been
patentedor
printedpublicationpriorto his
thereof;
Fourth.
or
the whole
he had
That
Second.
the
less than
contain
That
discoverer
or,
he
of any
thingpatented;
or,
was
not
the
material
described
supposed
invention
originaland
and
in
or
some
covery
dis-
first inventor
substantial part of the
72
Fifth. That
it had
in
been
publicuse
or
sale in this
on
for
application
to the public.
ledge,
in notice
as to
proof of previousinvention,knowof the thing patented,the defendant, shall state
use
or
before his
than
two
years
country for more
abandoned
had
been
a patent, or
And
he
1870.
OF
LAWS
PATENT
the dates of their patents,and
of patentees and
and residences of the pergranted,and the names
sons
had
have
the
prior
allegedto have invented or to
names
when
knowledge
of the
it had
used
been
if any
; and
alleged shall
shall be
one
found
be
for him
rendered
where
thing patented,and
or
more
for the
with
by
whom
of the
ters
specialmatdefendant,judgment
the
And
costs.
and
like defenses
in equity for relief
against
pleaded in any suit
of
the same
be
an
allegedinfringement; and proofs
may
and
of the defendant,
given upon like notice in the answer
be
may
the like effect.
with
PATENT
NOT
VOID
And
SEC. 62.
BECAUSE
be it furtJier
enacted,That
first inventor
shall
same
A
FOREIGN
COUNTRY.
whenever
it shall
that the patentee, at the time of making his application
for the patent, believed himself to be the
original
appear
and
IN
KNOWN
not
discoverer
or
be held
to be
of the
void
thing patented, the
of the
account
on
tion
inven-
discovery,or any part thereof, having been known
his invention
covery
disused in a foreign country, before
or
thereof,if it had not been patented,or described in
printedpublication.
or
or
a
EXTENSION
And
SEC. 63.
of
an
be itfurtherenacted,That
invention
granted prior to
and
PATENTS.
OF
or
the
the tee
patendiscovery,the patent for which was
dred
second
day of March, eighteen hun-
sixty-one,shall desire
an
where
extension
of
his patent
shall make
he
beyond the originalterm of its limitation,
in writing,
to the commissioner,setting
applicationtherefor,
forth the rea-on
why such extension should be granted
; and
oath
he
shall
also
of the ascertained
furnish
value
a
written
of the
statement
invention
or
under
ery,
discov-
of,
therereceiptsand expenditureson account
faithful acani
in detail to exhibit a true
sufficiently
and
of his
74
PATENT
effect in law
same
for twenty-one
though
as
it had
been
originally
granted
years.
OFFICIAL
And
SEC. 68.
1870.
OF
LAWS
be it
for
shall be the rates
On filingeach
FEES.
furtlierenacted,That
patent
lees
the
following
:
applicationfor
original
patent, fifteen
a
dollars.
issuingeach originalpatent, twenty dollars.
each caveat, ten dollars.
filing
applicationfor the reissue of a patent, thirty
every
On
On
On
dollars.
each disclaimer,
ten
filing
everv
applicationfor the
On
On
dollars.
of
extension
patent, fifty
a
dollars.
On
the
On
an
grantingof
appeal for
to the
On
every
every
extension
of
the first time from
ten
examiners-in-chief,
appeal from
a
lars.
dolpatent, fifty
the
primary
dollars.
the examiners-in-chief
to
missioner,
the Com-
twenty dollars.
For certified copiesof patents and other papers,
words.
per hundred
For recordingevery
one
paper, of three
three hundred
dollar ; of over
words,
dollars,of
two
ten cents
assignment,agreement,
hundred
other
or
over
and
one
ners
exami-
power
words
or
under
thousand
one
of attorney,
under,
thousand
words, three
dollars.
For
copies of drawings,the
reasonable
cost
of
making
them.
SEC. 69.
be
paid to
And
the
be it furtherenacted,That
Commissioner,
or
to the
treasurer, or any of the
States,or to any of the
national banks, or receivers of public
depositaries,
designated
the
the
of
Treasury for
Secretary
designatedby
money,
that purpose,
who shall give the depositora receiptor cerassistant
treasurers
of the United
patent fees may
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OF
75
deposittherefor. And all money received at the
for any purpose,
from
er,
whatevor
Patent-Office,
any source
shall be paid into the treasury as received,without
any
tificate of
deduction
by the disbursingclerk of
made
shall be
MONEY
SEC. 70. And
PAID
be
BY
MISTAKE
to any
who
person
for said
the
office
Interior
partment.
De-
RETURNED.
enacted,That
itfurtlier
States is authorized
the United
of money
all disbursements
; and
whatever
to pay
the
back
shall have
any
paidthe
of
treasurer
sum
Fame
or
sums
into the
to tl;ii credit of
treasury, or to any receiver or depositary,
the treasurer,as for fees accruingat the Patent-OIiice through
mistake, certificate
by
thereof
Commissioners
the
made
any
and
industry,genius,efforts,
own
said
treasurer
PATENTS.
be it furtherenacted,That
SEC. 71. And
to
of Qatents.
DESIGN
by his
being
and
person
expense,
originaldesign foe
who,
ed
has invent-
ture,
a manufacproduced any new
and
or
bust,statue, alto-relievo,
bas-relief;
any new
originaldesign for the printingof woolen, silk,cotton, or
and originalimpression,ornament,
other fabrics; any new
pattern, print, or picture,to be printed,painted,cast, or
otherwise placed on or worked
into any article of manufacture
useful,and originalshape or configuration
; or any new,
of any article of manufacture,the same
not havingbeen
used by others before his invention
known
or
or production
in
described
thereof,or patented or
printed publication,
any
of
the duty requiredby law, and
payment
may, upon
in cases
other due proceedings had the same
of inventions
as
obtain a patent therefor.
or
discoveries,
or
SEC. 72. And
may
can
further enacted, That
the
sioner
Commis-
the deof designs when
sign
dispensewith models
be sufficiently
represented by drawings or graphs.
photo-
SEC. 73. And
or
may,
be it
furtherenacted,That patents
for
seven
in his
signs
for de-
for the term
of three years and six
years, or for fourteen years, as the applicant
granted
be
may
months,
be it
elect.
application,
76
LAWS
PATENT
be it
And
SEC. 74
issued
furtherenacted,That patentees
entitled to extension
be
of designs
two, eighteen hundred
March
prior to
sixty-oneshall
1870.
OF
of their
and
respective
of seven
manner
patents for the term
years, in the same
for
the exrestrictions as are provided
and under the same
tension
i
ssued
of patents for inventions or discoveries,
prior
day of March, eighteenhundred
second
the
to
and
sixty-
one.
SEC. 75. And
shall be the
rates
For
three
For
seven
For
fourteen
For
all other
rates
years
years, fifteen dollars.
in
as
furtlierenacted,That the following
of fees in design cases
:
and six months, ten dollars.
be it
of inventions
And^be
it
required,the
are
same
discoveries.
or
enacted,That
furtfter
provisionswhich
and
fees
in which
cases
cases
SEC. 76.
thirtydollars.
years,
the
apply to
all the
tions
regula-
obtainingor
tection
proinconsistent
for inventions
of patents
not
or
discoveries,
of this act,shall apply to patents
with the provisions
for
designs.
TRADE-MARKS.
Ssc. 77. And
firm
domiciled
created
State
or
in the
of
any
may
lawful
trade-mark
obtain
the
are
trade-mark,or
for exclusive
protectionfor
with
any
corporation
States, or
person,
or
person
firm,or
of any
ration
corpo-
or
States,and who
United
of any
any
any
located in any foreigncountry which
convention affords similar privileges
to citizens
by treaty or
use
States, and
United
thereof,and
territory
resident
of the
farther enacted,That
authority of the United
the
by
be it
to
intend
to
the exclusive
adopt and use
within the United States,
lawful trade-mark
plying
by com-
who
use
such
entitled
followingrequirements, to
wit:
First.
names
ness,
By causing to be recorded in the Patent-Office the
of the partiesand their residences and place of busi
who
desire the protectionof the trade-mark.
Second.
The
of
trade-mark
Third.
goods comprised
has
A
class of merchandise
been
or
and
in such
is intended
the
scription
departicular
class,by which
to be
descriptionof the trade-mark
the
appropriated.
with
itself,
fac-
LAWS
PATENT
the mode
thereof,and
similes
1870.
OF
in which
appliedor used.
The
length of time,if
it has been
tended
is in-
or
to be
Fourth.
any,
during which
the
trade-mark has been used.
Fifth. The payment of a fee of twenty-five
dollars,in the
and for the same
the fee required
manner
as
same
purpose
for
patents.
compliance with
Sixth. The
the
by
prescribed
Seventh.
the person,
of
or
Commissioner
of
filing
The
such
some
regulationsas
be
oath
of
of Patents.
declaration,under
a
may
of the firm
member
or
the
officer of the
the effect that the party claimingprotection
has a rightto the use
trade-mark
of the same, and
to
corporation,
for
the
firm,or corporationhas the rightto
identical form or having such near
such
resemblance thereto as might be calculated to deceive,and
and fac-similes presentedfor record are
that the description
true copiesof the trade-mark
sought to be protected.
that
no
other
person,
in the
either
use,
DURATION
SEC. 78. And
shall
OF
be it furtherenacted^That
in force for
remain
TRADE-MARKS.
thirtyyears
except in cases
registration,
for and
claimed
applied to
this
laws
case
country
of
any
it shall
and
in which
to have
of this act at the same
elsewhere ; and duringthe
the date of such
such
trade-mark
is
articles not manufactured
it receives protectionunder
in
foreigncountry
cease
where
from
such trade-mark
for
a
shorter
period,in
force in this country
of no
time that it becomes
any
the
which
by
tue
vir-
effect
periodthat it remains in force it
the
shall entitle the person, firm,or corporationregistering
thereof so far as regards the
to the exclusive
same
use
descriptionof goods to which it is appropriatedin the
statement
shall
filed under
oath
as
aforesaid,and
no
other
son
per-
trade-nu.~k, or substantially
lawfullyuse the same
the same, or so nearlyresembling it as to be calculated to
the same
deceive, upon substantially
descriptionof goods :
Provided,That six months prior to the expirationof said
of thirtyyears, application
term
be made
for a renewal
may
of such registration,
under regulations
to be prescribedby
the Commissioner
of Patents,and the fee for such renewal
78
LA.WS
PATENT
shall be the
cate
for the
as
renewal
of such
the
for
same
shall be
originalregistration
; certifi
issued in the
and
originalregistration,
in force for
a
1870.
OF
further term
such
of
same
manner
trade-mark
thirtyyears
:
as
shall
And
main
re-
vided
pro-
That
furtfier,
strued
nothing in this section shall be conby any court as abridgingor in any manner
affecting
claim
of
the
or
unfavorably
any person, firm,corporation,
after the expirationof the term
to any trade-mark
company
for which such trade-mark
was
registered.
DAMAGES
SEC. 79. And
FOB
be it
corporationwho
IMITATING
TRADE-MARKS.
That
further enacted,
any
person
or
shall
tate
reproduce,counterfeit,
copy, or imirecorded trade-mark, and affix the same
to
any such
the same
descriptive
goods of substantially
propertiesand
able
those referred to in the registration,
shall be lias
qualities
for damages for such wrongful
action in the case
to an
of said trade-mark,at the suit of the owner
use
thereof,in
in the United States,
of competent jurisdiction
any court
and the party aggrievedshall also have his remedy according
of equityto enjointhe wrongful use
of his
to the course
and
trade-mark
to recover
compensation therefor in any
the person
court
over
having jurisdiction
guiltyof such
of Patents
The
Commissioner
shall not
ceive
rewrongful use.
and record any proposed trade-mark
which
is not and
become
not
can
a lawful
trade-mark, or which is merely the
of a person, firm,or corporationonly,unaccompanied
name
sufficient to distinguishit from the same
name
by a mark
when
used by other persons, or which is identical with the
trade-mark
and
appropriateto the same
belongingto a different owner,
class
of merchandise
and
alreadyregistered
which
received for registration,
or
so
or
nearly resembles
trade-mark
last-mentioned
such
to be likely
to deceive
as
shall not prevent
the public: Provided, That this section
of any lawful trade-mark
the registry
used at the
rightfully
time
of the
passage
of this act.
OF
REGISTRATION
SEC. 80.
receiptof
And
any
be it
TRADE-MARKS.
furtherenacted,That
trade-mark
at
the time
the Patent-Office
for
of the
registra-
LAWS
PATENT
tion
shall be noted
and
filed
therewith,under
the
by
in which
such trade-mark
And
SEC. 81.
seal of the
shall be
mark
tradement
state-
Patent-Office,
in any
evidence
suit
brought in controversy.
shall be
OF
TRADE-MARKS.
be itfurtherenacted,
That
is authorized
forms
the
Commissioner,
TRANSFER
of Patents
copiesof the
receiptthereof,and of the
of the
certified
79
1870.
recorded, and
and
of the date
OF
to make
the Commissioner
and
rules,regulations,
for the transfer of the
rightto the
use
of
scribe
presuch
to the requirements
trade-marks,conforming as nearlyas practicable
of law respectingthe transfer and transmission
of
copy-rights.
TRADE-MARKS.
FRAUDULENT
SEC. 82.
And
be it furtherenacted,That
person who
shall procure
the registry
of any
himtrade-mark, or of self
the owner
mark
as
thereof,or an entry respectinga tradein the Patent-Office
false
or
fraudulent
under
this act,
any
by making
any
verbally
representations declarations,
or
in
or
pay
the
or
writing,
by any fraudulent means, shall be liable to
of any such registry
or
damages in consequence
entry to
in
action
an
on
person injuredthereby,to be recovered
before
the
case
the
United
any
court
of
within
competent jurisdiction
States.
SEC. 83. And
furtherenacted,That nothing in this
shall prevent, lessen,impeach, or avoid any remedy at
act
law or in equity,which
ful
any party aggrievedby any wrongtrade-mark
this
of
had
if
have
act had
use
might
any
not been
passed.
be it furtherenacted^That no action shall
SEC. 84. And
under the provisionsof this act by any perbe maintained
son
the
is
trade-mark
which
exclusive
to
claiming
right any
used
or
claimed
t cle which
which
formed
the
be it
has
and
in any
unlawful
business, or upon
any
ar-
trade-mark
or
injuriousin itself,
upon
any
been
fraudulentlyobtained,or which has been
used with the design of deceivingthe publicin
is
purchase
or
use
of any
article of merchandise.
80
PATENT
REPEALING
SEC. 111.
And
CLAUSE
be
it
1870.
OF
LAWS
SCHEDULE.
AND
the acts
furtherenacted,That
and
cited,hereto
annexed, are hereby repealed,without reviving any acts or
parts of acts repealed by any of said acts,or by any clause
or
provisiontherein : Provided,however, That the repeal
hereby enacted shall not affect,impair,or take away any
rightexistingunder any of said laws ; but all actions and
of action,both
in equity,which
in law and
have
causes
parts of acts
set
of acts
forth in the schedule
and probe commenced
any of said laws
may
secuted
if
be
to
commenced,
prosecuted
and,
already
may
;
final judgment and execution,in the same
manner
as though
arisen
under
this act
had
not
been
passed,excepting that
shall be applicableto
the
remedial
all suits and
provisionsof this act
And
proceedings hereafter commenced:
provided also,
That all applications
for patents pending at the time of tho
!passage of this act, in cases where the duty has been paid,
shall be proceeded with and acted on in the same
as
manner
though filed after
That
under
any
created
thereof
of
all
said
thereby,and
be
may
the passage
all offenses which
acts, and
are
incurred
prosecuted, sued
punished according to
which
are
Schedule
continued
defined
the
providedfurther,
and
punishable
forfeitures
penaltiesand
before
for,and
And
:
this
act
takes
recovered,and
provisionsof
in force for such
effect,
such
fenses
of-
said acts,
purpose.
tutes
as
printedin the Staof statutes cited and repealed,
such portionsonlyof the approat Large, including
priation
bills referredto as are
th"
Patentt
o
applicable
PATENTS.
Act
of
July 4, 1836, chapter 357, volume
6, page 117.
March
3, 1837, chapter 45, volume 5, page 191.
March
3, 1839, chapter 88, volume
5, page 353.
5, page 548.
August 29, 1842, chapter 263, volume
August 6, 1846, chapter 90, volume
9, page 59.
May 27, 1848, chapter47, volume 9, page 231.
March
3, 1849, chapter 108, volume
9, page 395.
March
3, 1851, chapter 32, volume 9, page 617.
82
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
ALTHOUGH
a
of
are
a
charcoal is
OF
CHARCOAL.
OF
CHARCOAL.
combustible, it is,in some
spects
reaction
unchangeable substance, resistingthe
very
so
great varietyof other substances upon it. Hence posts
before being put into the ground. Grain
often charred
has been
found
in
the
excavations
Herculaneum, which ;
was
city,
eighteen
hundred
and
the
is
shape perfectly
yet
years ago,
preserved,
between
that you can
the different
so
distinguish
kinds of grain. While
is
charcoal
itself so unchangeable,
other
from
it preserves
substances
change. Hence meat and
in
charcoal for long voyages, and the
vegetablesare packed
is kept in casks which
charred on the inside.
water
are
Tainted meat
be made
sweet
can
by being covered with it.
and
Foul
be deprivedof its bad taste by
can
stagnant water
filtered
being
through it. Charcoal is a great decolorizer. j
and
Ale
porter filtered through it are deprivedof their color,j
and sugar-refiners
decolorize their brown
by means
syrups
j
of charcoal,
and thus make
white sugar. Animal
charcoal,I
or
bone-black,is the best for such purposes, although only |
one-tenth
of it is reallycharcoal,the other nine-tenths being
the mineral
portionof the bone.
Charcoal will absorb, of some
gases, from eightyto ninety
times its own
bulk.
As every point of its surface is a point
of attraction,
it is supposed to account
for the enormous
cumulation
accharred
at
at the time of the destruction of that
But this j
of gases in the spaces of the charcoal.
for it only in part.
be some
There
accounts
must
peculiar
in the charcoal to change,in some
power
way, the condition
of a gas of which it absorbs
bulk.
ninetytimes its own
"
Hooker.
SUBSTITUTE
VARIOUS
devices
the
over
vented.
Our
forms, which
CRANK.
THE
FOR
supposed
common
to have
crank, have
shows
diagram
one
tages
advanbeen
of
in-
j
these
has been re-invented
'iydifferent inventors.
A
times,
many
wheel
is
grooved
tached
employed, and in the groove are two slides,atrod of a
respectively,
by pivots, to the connecting)
The 'reciprocating
of the pistonrod
movement
pistonrod.
the rotation of the
actingujvm the connecting rod, causes
*
wheel.
GEOMETRY.
PRACTICAL
PRACTICAL
A
KNOWLEDGE
is of
motive
GEOMETRY,
of geometry, both
importance
mechanics
to
and theoretical,
practical
and
inventors.
It is prohabits,and leads to
of truth and
patiencein mental
in the execution
of
the exercise of nicetyand
exactness
mechanical
labors. With
a
pair of dividers,a rule and
speedily acquire a considerable
pencil,any person
may
ple
knowledge of practicalgeometry. We subjoin a few simuseful problems for practice,in the hope
and generally
of our
readers in the subject,
of thus interestingsome
so
works
on
that they will continue the study. Complete
metry
geocan
at the book-stores.
be had
Problem
1.
To
"
divide
To
equal parts.
"
draw
to another
the extremities
from
A
.
B
into
line dicular
perpenviders
a
pair of di-
a
With
:
line
a
of
the line
centres, with
distance exany
point where the line is to
as
ceeding the
be
intersected,describe
arcs
each
a
other
as
through m
equally,and
m
; then
n
will
n
divide
the
will also be
cutting
line drawn
line A
B
perpendicular
thereto.
Problem
that
square
times
D
Let
2.
the
A
B
shall
will the
of
square
D
be
of
area
C
then
a
find
To
"
the side of
any
given
given
a
the
be
diagonalB
A
E
F
D
a
of
number
square
:
square ;
be the side
G, double
in
area
B
C D ; the diA
to the given square
j
A
j.1
x,
jj
agonal B D is equal to the line A G ^
if the diagonalbe drawn
from B to G, it will be the side of
A H K L, three times the area
of the square
square
C D ; the diagonalB L will equal the size of a
square
times the area
of the square A B C D, etc.
a
A
B
four
84
PRACTICAL
GEOMETRY.
Problem
of
a
"
circle that
of times
Let
find the
shall
C
D
diameters
D
A
circle
circle
will be
twice
P,
nearly;
o
and
a
radius
1
C D
area
the
the
of the
of the
half
circle that will contain
and
other,and
the
the
B
A
each
rightangles to
number
given circle :
given circle;
a
the
be
diameter
be any
of
area
the two
cord
be the radius of
the
B
A
draw
at
To
3.
given
cord
will
half the area, etc.
Problem
4.
To
"
describe
the transverse
ellipsis,
ing
conjugatediameters bea
given : From
o, as
an
and
centre, with
of the
the
difference !
and
transverse
jugate
con-
semi-diameters,set
off
-^___^L"
the line
o
c
to
"
-^
fc,by
the
then
will the
distance
will
describe
the
k
B
m
n
k be the radius
d
o
with
the
of the
lines A
the
of the
semi-diameters
; then
and
draw
;
the
diagonal c c?,and continue
addition of half the diagonal c d,
ellipsis
; draw
and B H, cutting the
centres
o
c
o
radius
m
centres
that
D, C E,
in the
ellipsis
with A:,
*, and
and A E ; also,
B,
C
D H
centres, describe the arcs
with the radius n r, and with n and B as centres, describe
E H and A H, and the figureA E D H will be the
the arcs
and
m
as
required.
ellipsis
THE
for us
'
"
"
'
!
"
to
SCIENTIFIC
speak
"
AMERICAN."
of its merits
"
to
It is hardly necessary
those who
are
thoroughly
posted up in the improvements of the age ; but the general
that it contains the
readingpublicmay not be so well aware
finest
engravingsof
tors, army
and
navy
all kinds,military
and
[with
essays from
all the late inventions
weapons,
the
new
moni-
vessels,forts,machinery of
mechanical
civil,
the most
"
and
agricultural
scholars
distinguished
"
upon
prac-
tical
85
MOVEMENTS.
MECHANICAL
!
pensable
philosophy,chemistry,and engineering.It is indisIt is useful for every family and
to every inventor.
short,it is the best scientific and mechanical
journal in the world, and we cannot see how any chemist,
housewife.
In
can
architect,
engineer,fanner, or mechanic
" Co., Publishers,37 Park Row, New
MUNN
do
without
it.
Cass
York.""
CountyRepublican.
MOVEMENTS.
MECHANICAL
of models, or machinery, the skillful
IN the construction
in the
and inventor will study to avoid clumsiness
mechanic
take pridein selecting,
arrangement of parts, and will naturally
far
as
as
the simplestand
possible,
best forms
of
chanical
me-
movements.
end, we have thought that nothing could be more
suggestive or useful than a comprehensive exhibition of
To
this
forms
of the best mechanical
many
labor and expense, we
After much
condensed
and
extensive
most
alreadyknown.
have
broughttogether,
engraved expresslyfor this
series of mechanical
work,
movements
one
ever
of the
before
published.
find at a glance the movement
the mechanic
may
suited for his purpose, and may see the separate parts best
adapted to any specialcombination of mechanism.
As these engravingsare not readily
to be found elsewhere,
Here
the careful
recommend
we
OF
DESCRIPTION
of
preservation
MECHANICAL
THE
Shaft coupling. 2. Claw
On
and
to
the
drivingshaft,a
the shaft
this lever
effected.
coupling. 3,4.
disk with
Lever
lings.
coupis
mounted,
spurs
lever is hinged. By causing
in the spurs of the disk, the couplingis
of which
26 is a side
or
rose
coupling,
to be
catch
5. Knee
to
MENTS
MOVE-
NUMBERS.
BY
1.
this book.
driven
a
view.
joint. 7, 8. Disk and spur coupling. 9.
Prong and spur lever coupling.
10. Fast and loose pulley. 11. Slidinggear, the journal
of the wheels being moveable.
boxes of one
12. Friction
clutch.
By tighteningor releasinga steel band, encircling
the shaft,the machinery is thrown
in or out of
a pulleyon
6.
Universal
86
MECHANICAL
Shoe
14.
13,
gear.
motion
by
MOVEMENTS.
lever brakes.
and
sheaves.
15,16. Change of
nected
Spiralflanged shaft. 18. Conwith
the rod are pawl links,catching into ratchetis to be imparted.
teeth in the wheel to which rotary motion
in one
of the pawls acts;
the rod moves
When
one
direction,
the rod moves
in the oppositedirection,
the other
and when
direction as the first. 19. The recippawl acts in the same
of
into rotary motion
of
a rod is converted
rocatingmotion
the fly-wheelby a weight suspended from a cord, which
with a treadle,
from
passes o rer a small pulleythat connects
which
the motion
17.
is transmitted
"Flying horse,"
pullingthe cords radiatingfrom
used
20.
the
connect
to
23.
horses
or
the apparatus
keep
to
seats
Same
on
26.
Side view
28.
Lever
Chain
of
with
fly-wheel.
in fairs for amusement.
21, 22.
Bo\v
rangements,
stringar-
into rotary motion.
reciprocating
differential screw.
24. The
same
by
Fig. 5.
25.
27.
roller
bearing
Coupling for square shafts.
Slidingspur pulleycoupling.
29.
to tighten
pulleybands.
wheel.
into
Reciprocatingrectilinear
30.
motion
by
wheels.
two
32.
racks
Worm
and
and
lingwith hinged lever.
and
cavities.
40.
Shaft
37.
Disk
cog
wheel.
wheel.
worm
35, 36.
Disk
couplingwith
reciprocating
rotary
31. Oblique toothed
33, 34.
Claw
screw
bolts.
Face
teeth.
j beyond
blocks.
a
If the
certain
46.
Elbow
resistance
to
the driven
disks separate.
45.
crank, for changing motion.
by zig-zaggroove
49.
j
'
38,39,
43.
tion
Fric-
with
lique
ob-
shaft increases
point, the
into rotary motion
ciprocating
48. Another
form of Fig. 29.
coup-
couplings,with lugs
couplings.
view of Fig. 12.
42. Friction cones.
pullies. 44. Self-releasing
coupling. Disks
41.
By
the crank, the persons occupying
the ends of the arms
enabled
are
in motion.
by
purpose
rack
and
wheels.
double
to the
on
Hoisting
Re-
47.
j
I
cylinder.
into
Reciprocating
a
tary
ro-
motion.
50.
and
Same
two
51. Same
purpose.
ratchet pinions. When
purpose,
the double
by
double
rack
moves
rack
in
pinion is rigidwith the shaft ; when the
rack moves
in the oppositedirection,the other pinionis rigid,
and a continuous
rotary motion is imparted to the fly-wheel
53. Rotary into
shaft.
52. Reciprocatinginto oscillating.
one
direction,one
87
MOVEMENTS.
MECHANICAL
the action of the wheel pins,the carriage
and by the action of said pinson
in one
is moved
direction,
it is moved
in the opposite direction.
54.
an
elbow-lever,
! Stamp rod and lifting
55. For givingreciprocating
cam.
motion
56. Same
motion
to a bar with slot,by
to rack.
By
reciprocating.
means
and
58.
from a revolvingdisk,
pin projecting
catchingin the slot. 57. Walking beam and fly-wheel.
Reciprocatingmotion to pump or other rod by means
of
an
eccentric
See 81 and
friction rollers.
of eccentric disk and
59.
104.
Hoistingcrane.
j
Eotary into reciprocaendless
rack.
tingby risingand fallingpinion actingon
and falling
62. By the revolving
or a reciproa rising
cating
cam,
drum.
is
rectilinear motion
63. Reciprocating
impartedto a
rack
frame
of
endless
and
motion
to a
by means
rectilinear motion
to a toothed
pinion. 64. Reciprocating
rack by a toothed segment on a lever-arm,which is subjected
of a weight,and of an eccentric wrist-pin,
to the "action
jecting
promotion
disk.
from a revolving
65. Reciprocating
to
60.
a
The
rod.
!quentlythe
{(See 110.)
wheels
which
rack.
70.
slides in
is secured
a
to a
and
slot toward
disk,and
a
and
rope
from
round
the
said
to the
Bevel gear.
motion
71. Worm
from
velocities,
by
diameters.
73.
one
and
axle
wheel.
worm
to
of toothed
means
an
a
mitting
72. Trans-
pini
two
by a link with a rod to which
lever and
imparted. 77. Oscillating
of
unequal
reciprocating,
by
segments
revolvinginto
lever.
oscillating
shaft with
is
ferent
another, with three dif-
Continuous
|a cam-disk actingon
to
I revolving motion
j nects
reciproreciprocating
pinion,the axle
Revolvinginto
segmentalrack
and
conse-
revolve.
motion
body to which a reciprocating
imparted. 69. Elliptic
gears.
disk extends
to be
rack
68.
cam.
endless
revolves
This
diameters,and
of different
are
of
cates
jof
61.
rod has to rise and fall as the wheels
lever.
elbow
67. Rod
and
66. Cam
by means
|motion, by an
j
See 43.
Friction gears.
a
rectilinear motion
is
pawls,which gear in
treadle.
the ratchet-wheel.
78. Common
79. Describing
line of a certain givenpitch
on
a revolving
a spiral
cylinder
J
!
88
MOVEMENTS.
MECHANICAL
which
depends
the
upon
of the
comparativesizes
pinionand
bevel-wheels.
81.
Marking a spiralline,the graver moved by a screw.
(See Fig.58.) 82. Plunger and rods. 83. Cross head
and
rods.
80.
Reciprocatingrod guided by friction rollers.
of roller- i
85. Revolving into reciprocating
motion, by means
extending from a revolvingshaft,and actingon lugs
arms,
frame.
motion.
86. Crank
:
projectingfrom a reciprocating
87. Reciprocatingmotion
by toothed wheel and springbar. !
catches againsta hook i
88. The shaft carries a tapper, which
hinged to the drum, so as to carry said drum along and |
When
raise the weight on
the rope.
the tappet lias reached i
its highestposition,
the hook strikes a pin, the hook disengages from the tappet, and the weight drops. 89. Reciproof a groove in an oblique
|eatingmotion to a rod by means
jring secured to a revolvingshaft.
I
84.
,
'
'
Double
90.
crank.
91.
reciprocatingmotion.
I duce
!Pulleys,belts,and internal
'
and
a
Cam
the teeth of the
down,
pawl, and
said wheel.
94.
gear.
As
the rod
in
cog-wheel come
rotary motion
; a disk.
'
pro-
moves
contact
is
93.
up
with
imparted to
axles
ferent velocities,
the middle wheel is caused
the mean
lever and
velocity. 96. Oscillating
to
pulleys.
turningthe horizontal
By
95.
drum,
a
Belts and
92.
intermittent
an
in
groove
dif-
with
to revolve
with
groove in
Oscillating
segment and belt
cam
Lazy tongs. 98.
into a reciprocaover
pulleys. 99. Converting oscillating
;
of
the
lever
in
end
motion
cam-slot
the
oscillating
ting
by a
which
a
97.
catches
over
pin projectingfrom
a
parallelogramwhich
motion
100.
101
.
is
of
rod
to
which
ciprocating
re-
imparted.
Oscillatingmotion
Motion
to the
is connected
of the sides of
one
of
beam
a
into
rotary motion.
treadle into rotary motion.
Double102.
beam.
104. (See Figures
103. Single-acting
a
actingbeam.
Device
58 and 81.) 105.
to steady a
pistonby a slotted
guide-piece,operated by an eccentric on the driving-shaft.
Two
107.
106. Rod
operated by *wo toothed segments.
cog-wheelsof equal diameter, providedwith a crank of the
connected
length,and
same
by
links with
a
cross-bar
to
*
which
the
motion
of
a
secured.
piston-rod-is
of
a
based
piston-rod
pinion
in
a
108.
on
Device
the
stationarywheel
for
a
ear
rectilin-
tion
hypocyclodialmo-
with
internal gear.
90
MECHANICAL
its arrangement
which
between
obliqueto
ai-e
the
rotatingrollers,
two
each
the
Upon
Roberts.
MOVEMENTS.
other.
of
Friction indicator of
125.
peripheryof the
loaded
a
belt-pulley
with an
placed, its tongue connected
pointerremains
given load the indicating
is
carnage
With a
axles
indicator.
in
a
given
imparted
pulley,i
When
the load is changed the indicator changes,thus proving
that the friction of wheels is in proportionto load, not
velocity.1 26. Circular intermittent rectilinear reciprocating
Used on sewing-machinesfor drivingthe shuttle ;
motion.
also on three-revolution cylinder
tinuous
127. Conprinting-presses.
position,
what
matter
no
is
velocity
circular into intermittent
is the driver.
128.
to the
circular motion.
The
Sewing-machine,four-motion
feed.
cam
The!
and is pivotedto I
or spurs,
bar, B, carries the feeding-points
slide, A.
which
at
B
the
is lifted
by
projectionon
also carries A
time
same
radial
a
and
stroke,and
springproduces the return
! gravity. 129. Patent crank
motion, to
Pressure
on
the treadle
B
cam
C, j
forward.
the bar
A
B, drops by
obviate dead
centers.
the slotted slide,A, forward
moves
the spring,
until the wrist passes the center, when
B, forces
the slide againstthe stops until next forward movement.
cock.
130. Four- way
131. One stroke of the pistongives
complete revolution to the crank.
of variable velocity,
is given to the
a
the shaft of the curved
of
132.
vertical bar
133.
arm.
Rectilinear motion
by
rotation
Pantagraph for
ing,
copy-
and reducingplans,etc.
C, fixed point. B,
enlarging,
the
lines to be copied
ivory tracingpoint. A, penciltrace,
and
size.
Shift
it
double
with,
B, the pencil,will re-produce
the slide to which C is attached, also the pencilslide,and
size of the copy
for
! of
tubing.
the
worm
jdiameter,one
will be
135.
varied.
Numerical
shaft gear
having
with
one
Ball and
134.
socket
device.
registering
a
tooth
pair of
more
The
worm-wheels
than the other.
of
joint
teeth
equal
If the
has 100
teeth and the second 101, the pointers
! first wheel
will
13G
indicate respectively
revolutions.
I
101 and 10.100
!Montgolfier's
hydraulic'ram. The right hand valve being
keptopen by a weight or spring,the
i the
pipe in the direction of the
i
:
When
current
arrow,
flowingthrough
escapes thereby.
the weight
of the water
current
overcomes
of the right valve, the momentum
of the water
opens the
other valve, and the water
On
passes into the air-chamber.
the pressure
MECHANICAL
91
MOVEMENTS.
equilibriumtakingplace,the left valve shuts and the right
valve opens.
By this alternate action of the valves,water
is raised into the air-chamber at every stroke.
137. Rotary
engine. Shaft,B, and hub, C, are arrangedeccentric to the
in and out of hub,
case.
Slidingradial pistons,
a, a, move
C.
The pistonsslide through rolling
packingsin the hub,
C.
138. Quadrant engine. Two
single-acting
pistons,
B,
B,
connect
with
crank, D.
is admitted
Steam
to acton
the
sides of the pistonsalternately
through valve a, and
the exhaust is between the pistons. 139. Circular into rectilinear
The scolloped
motion.
wheel communicates
motion
to the horizontal
rod, and imparts rectilinear
oscillating
outer
movement
the
uprightbar. 140.
by rollingcontact between
to
Rotary
two
motion
mitted
trans-
obliquely
arranged
shafts.
MTJLTUM
We
if
we
have
some
will not
PABVO.
IN
correspondents: One writes to know
to an
dress
adgood as to send a messenger
queer
be
so
which
he gives,up town
distance
and a half
two
from
office
certain
miles
for him.
to make
It
our
inquiries
would
hours
and
half
do
the
time
to
one
a
require
errand,
and not a stamp inclosed.
Another
wants
ter
to write a letus
and tell him where
to get a combined
and
thermometer
"
barometer.
will
be
to
Another,
give me
good enough
you
the names
and addresses of several of the makers
of the best
brick
wants
water
machines;" another
wheels; another
each
writer
desires
written
threshingmachines;
our
opinion
is the best device,with our reasons, and not one
as to which
is thoughtfulenough to inclose a fee,or reflect that to answer
other
his request will consume
of our time. Anconsiderable
party wishes us to write to him the recipe for making
ornaments
he can
out of coal tar, where
buy the mixture
for
and
how
much
ready
chequer-men will sell for in the
use,
New
York market.
he sends
the
For this information
us
of
three cents in postage stamps. Mr. C. wants
generous sum
of
tell
him
he can
to
valuable
us
some
invention, of which
buy the patent cheap, that would be suitable for him to take
his travels out West, by towns, counties,etc.,three
to sell,
on
inclosed.
Others want
cents
in communication
to put them
us
who
with some
will purchase an interest in their
person
for them, or furnish this or that
or manufacture
inventions,
our
personal information,
reply to be printedin the Scientific
We
at all times
American.
spondents,
correare
happy to serve our
if
but
repliesto purelypersonalerrands are expected,
"
"
a
small
fee, say from
one
to five
dollars,should
be
sent.
92
MECHANICAL
I
MOVEMENTS.
MECHANICAL
93
MOVEMENTS.
3f
jj^a
32
94
MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS.
MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS.
95
j96
MECHANICAL
J"
r"
"
r
MOVEMENTS.
"*
Ofel
135
(\
98
WILL
PAY?
IT
if their
even
good improvements are worth patenting,
a priorpatent.
device is
Many an infringing
infringes
All
use
worth
of
than
more
the patent with which
inventions
conflicting
arrangements with the
can
of
owners
it conflicts.
ees
Patent-
usually make satisfactory
the priorpatents ; it is obviously
the interest of
priorpatentees to have their patents
used as extensively
of
as
possible. The princelyrevenue
Howe, the inventor of the sewing machine, said to be five
hundred
thousand
dollars annually,is derived from infringing
who
small
each
a
machine.
payliim
royaltyon
patentees,
The net profits
divided among
of one
the owners
of these
is
infringing
patents, the celebrated Wheeler and Wilson
than one million dollars a year.
We
reportedto be more
might give hundreds of analogousexamples.
to
"
"
FOlfBKLTB
SUBSTITUTE
AND
GEARS.
objectof this device is to transmit motion from one
shaft to another,without the use of belt or gear wheels,both
The
of which
are
Continuous
to the
in
some
instances
rotary motion
objectionable.
of the
secondaryshaft through the
pulleyshaft,is imnarted
connectingrods
VALUE
THE
WORKING
as
until within
' ton.
an
BRAINS.
OF
ordinaryhand
few years,
a
OF
VALUE
THE
was
a
BRAINS.
in
a
Philadelphia
ship-yard,
named
man
John
L. Knowl-
peculiarity
was, that while others of his class were
he was
santly
incesat the ale-houses,
or
indulgingin jollification,
combinations.
engaged in studying upon mechanical
One of his companions secured a poodle-dog,and spent six
months
in teachingthe quadruped to execute
his
a jig upon
hind-legs. Knowlton
period in discovering
spent the same
method
some
by which he could saw out ship timber in a
His
form.
beveled
first
The
taught his dog
man
discovered
same^time,
him
men,
to
do in two
slow
by
a
hours
mechanical
Knowlton,
combination
the work
laborious
and
to dance.
that
processes,
in the
that enabled
would
an
a dozen
occupy
entire day. That
ship-yardsof the country. It
cuts a beam
to a curved
shape as quickly as an ordinary
saw-mill
saw
ripsup a straightplank.
his experiments. He took no part in
continued
Knowlton
and in a short time afterward he
parades or target-shootings,
is
now
secured
a
saw
into
patent
machine
in
use
in all the
patent for
a
for
was
a
machine
that turns
ever
any material whatsold a portionof his
sphericalform. He
perfectly
that is equivalent to a fortune.
a
sum
used in cleaning off cannon-balls
for the
The
ernment.
gov-
mould, the surface is incrusted, and the ordinary process of smoothing it was slow and
almost
in an
This machine
wearisome.
instant,and with
mathematical
peels it to the surface of the metal,
accuracy,
from
time smoothing out any deviations
the perat the same
fect
spheroidalform.
has invented a boring-machine,
The same
unassuming man
When
that
was
the ball
comes
from the
of scientificgenof a number
in the presence
tlemen.
It bored
of twenty-two inches an hour,
at the rate
tested
with
through a block of granite,
pounds upon the drill. A
him
the
ten
thousand
dollars
upon
a
pressure
of but three hundred
gentleman present
the
spot for
invention,in Europe, and the offer was
The moral of all this is,that people who
offered
part interest in
then accepted.
a
keep on studying
100
are
ENGRAVINGS
to achieve
sure
himself
sider
AND
by
ADVERTISING.
Mr. Knowlton
something.
brilliant ; but
means
any
doesn't
if
con-
it until he forces it into
pursues
shape. If every body would follow copy, the world would
and the streets with grumblers and
be less filledwith idlers,
with
idea,he
an
j
inspired!
tangible
once
'
"
malcontents.
ENGRAVINGS
EXPERIENCE
for the
circulation
in value
illustration of inventions
best
of inventions
introduction
compare
of the
one
ADVEBTISING.
that the
shows
engravingsis
means
AND
the
with
means
devised
ever
for
by
the
and
the sale of patents.
As
a
of such illustrations,
nothingcan
American.
Scientific
Every
graving
en-
publishedtherein goes before probablynot less than
and fiftythousand persons.
hundred
one
good business men, before spending their money
upon
habit
about
the
of
ter
characin
the
are
inquiring
advertising,
and extent
of circulation enjoyed by the journal that solicits
In this respect the publishersof the
their patronage.
American
challengethe closest scrutiny; the facts
Scientific
All
will show
other
that their terms
journalof
the
much
are
class in
same
lower
than those
proportionto
of any
the extent
of circulation.
Parties who
address
to
a
view
desire to have
their machines
illustrated
can
to send
also
tists
arprepared
with
sketches of manufacturingestablishments,
make
American.
in the Scientific
to their publication
" CO,
MUNX
the
undersigned,who
are
37 Park
Row,
New-York.
SOAP-BUBBLES.
FEW
quarter of
Dissolve
a
in small
pieces,in
Iboil
it for two
or
i glycerine. When
:
most
children
things amuse
an
ounce
three
three
of Castile
quarters
minutes
;
cold,this fluid
bubbles
lasting
than
more
that
can
of
a
or
oil soap,
five
produce
be blown.
cut
pint of water,
add
then
will
blowing bubble?.
ounces
the best
up
and
:
of I
and
,
GOING
TO
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
TO
IN
SOME
101
PERSON.
IN
PEKSON.
inventors
suppose,
very
that if personally
naturally,
present
in Washington,they can
get
their cases
more
through
expeportant
imcommand
other
or
ditiously,
facilities. But
this is not
The
journeyto Washington
of time
is usuallya mere
waste
and money.
A good agent must
ho employed after the inventor
so.
No
gets there.
have
of the entire business
THIRD
through our
charged with
the
; and
These
own
an
office in
;
our
than
more
Washington,
and
ing
press-
clients.
patent papers,
or
attorney, accordingto
make
provided by the applicantor
law,otherwise his claim will not
be
must
sibly
pos-
Office passes
especial
duty of watchingover
Patent Office does not prepare
models.
our
of the Patent
have
we
the interests of
forward
The
hands
can
or
facilities
influence
superiorto
ONE
inventor
his
be
considered.
deposited
requiresthat all documents
especially
and
in the Patent Office shall be correctly,
clearly
legibly,
"be
of
and
that the drawingsshall
a specified
size,
written,
The
law
executed in an artistic manner.
have all
visit Washington in person,
Persons who
can
their patent business promptly attended to, by callingat
" Co.'s BRANCH
MUNN
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
OFFICE,corner
of 7th and F streets,
oppositethe Patent Office.
and
OF
COPIES
PATENTS,
CLAIMS,
ETC.
or
copiesof specifications
drawingsof
rejectedcase, officialletter,
any existingpatent, or open
For
assignment,etc., etc. The expense is very moderate.
send a copy of the claims only,of any existing
$1 we can
of the patent is given.
patent,providedthe date or number
WE
But
not
furnish full
up the patent, date
beinggiven,the charge is increased.
when
we
have
to search
or
number
102
LAW
THE
INFRINGEMENT.
OF
INFRINGEMENTS.
THE
generalrule
that the
to
titled
enprior patentee
a broad
interpretation
by
the
use
of
a
the
To
determine
infringementof
patent is an
The
of
scope
is therefore governed
inventions of prior
patent
date.
is,
is
of his claims.
any
of law
whether
another,generally
careful study of all
analogouspriorpatents
requiresa most
and rejectedapplications.An
opinion based upon such
study requiresfor its preparationmuch time and labor.
to all the patents, models,public records,
Having access
pertainingto the Patent
drawings,and other documents
examinations,and give
Office,we are prepared to make
opinionsupon all infringementquestions,advice as to the
scope and ground covered by patents, and direct with vigor
Address,Muxx
any legalproceedingstherewith connected.
"
Co., 37
The
varies
Row, N. Y.
Park
of these
expense
from $25 to 8100
with written opinion,
examinations,
volved.
or more,
accordingto the labor in-
See page 94.
To the Editors
Let
me
we
"
need
chess
"
"
only one
and
columns
to teach
continue
Swift's prayer
where
American
:
Scientific
prise.
great enteryou, gentlemen,in your
need lightand elegantliterature ; we
encourage
Perhaps
even
may
AMERICAN
The
of
the
but
people how
to
SCIENTIFIC
realize Dean
grew
two
knowledge
agricultural
improvements
let THE
blades of grass grow on
before."
Let it still increase
Make
by publishingthe
in the
of
our
latest discoveries
arts.
And
then
the spot
the
chanical
me-
mers,
far-
artisans and
in science
its editors
and
will have
being considered the guardian
the
of
and
of
the
inventors,
champions
angels
genius,
sical
prime motors" employed in developingthe highest phy-
the
"
;"
noblest
and
reward
intellectual
Camden,
Ark.
"
that
resources
of
of this great country.
W. A. SHAW, M.D.
103
APPLICATIONS.
QUICK
QUICK
APPLICATIONS.
from
WHEN,
son,
rea-
any
desirous
partiesare
applying for a Patent
in
or
filing a Caveat
a
great haste, without
loss of time,
moment's
they have only to write
or
telegraph to us, and
will make
we
ertions.
specialexof
In many
we
can
prepare
at
as
can
not
send
them
this is forbidden
All persons
by
without
take American
blank
papers
for
the
Commissioner
any
distinction
Patents
the
on
same
ents
correspond-
our
must
pers
pa-
hour's notice.
an
But
we
cases,
the
that
remember
signatureand
oath,
of Patents.
as
to
terms
as
can
nationality
citizens.
have
filed by citizens and those who
resided in this country a year and declared their intentions
citizens. Foreignerscan
to become
not file Caveats.
Caveats
THE
can
only be
INVENTOR
MUST
FOR
APPLY
THE
PATENT.
IT is necessary, in all cases, that an applicationfor
should
of the inventor,and
in the name
be made
petitionand
may
his interest
the
a
tent
pa-
the
An
ventor
inbe signed by him.
must
specification
appoint an attorney, or may sell and assignall
in
an
invention
must
application,
otherwise
they
ing
patent papers, on makventor;
by the insigned and sworn
; still the
be
will
not
be
received
by
the
missioner
Com-
of Patents.
REMEMBER
that
all other
judgment
than
look
to your
well
self-interest is
duty
more
circumstances
when
your
likelyto warp your
combined; therefore,
interest
is concerned.
104
USEFUL
HINTS
WORD
A
TO
TO
INQUIRERS.
INQUIRERS.
WE
BUT
frequentlyreceive letters containing
long stringsof trifling
questions,relative to
all sorts of things,without
any fee to pay
time
for
in
us
our
obtainingthe information",
nor
even
stamps for postage or stationery.
Many of these correspondents close their
letters with tne comforting assurance
that
for your
^ wou^
remit
trouble,but do
"*
ft^HsT^
"^
"
-
would
know
the
consciences
them
recommend
the
to
not
value
latter is of
them
to
how
much
of
to send
of the
desired
value,they ought
no
not
relieve
all such
dollar
a
To
send."
to
or
doubters, we
according
more,
information.
to trouble
us
If the
with
their
fly-tracks.
other classes of
inquirersthe followinghints
be useful : The best washing-machines,the best strawmay
cutters, the best churns, the best brick-machines,the best
engines,the best sewing-machines,the best of every thing
To
certain
in the
line,is
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, and
such
mechanical
things
first find
what
THE
SCIENTIFIC
work
for you
To
find the
by
be the
To
of
area
of the
Do
send
an
diameter
a
not
small
partieshaving
directlyto them
Write
spare
desire,read the
you
AMERICAN.
illustrated in THE
If you cannot
back
numbers
of
us.
expect
us
to
do
the
remittance.
eter
multiplythe long diamellipsis,
and
by .7854
; the
product
will
area.
relate your
cannot
and
misfortunes,
never
grieveover
what
prevent.
circle,
multiplythe square of the
Or
ference
multiply the circumby the decimal .7854.
by the radius,and divide the product by 2.
find
diameter
given.
and
want, and
you
unless you
the short
Never
you
the address
sale is there
on
for the information
at
advertised
the
area
of
a
106
MINERAL
MINERAL
REMOVED
THE
CONSTITUENTS
CONSTITUENTS.
FROM
AN
FOLLOWING
ABSORBED
OF
ACRE
OR
SOIL
BY
CROPS.
Potassa
Soda
Lime
;
Magnesia
Oxide
Iron...
of
Phosphoric Acid.
Sulphuric Acid..
Chlorine
;
Silica
Alumina
;
Total
.
.
210.00
.
SOUND
Is the effect
about
produced upon the ear when air is set in motion
certain limits of rapidity.Audible sound beginswhen
vibrations per second
are
made, and ceases
thirty-two
when
about
within
The
C of
musical
;
is 522
reached.
per
the middle
second.
An
octave
above, twice the number.
octave
an
travels at the rate
Sound
are
correspondingwith
instrument
below,half the number
second
per
of vibrations
number
a
vibrations
8000
feet per second
of 1100
in
a
still
observer
and
an
atmosphere. The distance in feet between
the pointwhere a stroke of lightning
falls,
by
may be known
seconds
that
after
1100
the
number
of
elapse
by
multiplying
the flash is
A
until the sound
seen
LES
INVENTEUHS
LES
MESSIEURS
francais
inventeurs
pour
en
Envoyez
notre
examen.
nous
un
addresser
dessein et
Toutes
une
Unis
sous
francais
memes
notre
37 Park
conditions
bureau.
que
patente
les
languean-
leurs
tions
inven-
leur
langue
concise
description
communications
Chaque personne,
exception,
peut obtenir une
dans
une
dans
soit native
les
la
avec
communiquer
confidence.
seule
FRANCAIS.
familiers
non
nous
glaiseet qui prefereraient
en
fran^ais,
peuvent nous
natale.
is heard.
seront
ou
recues
etrangere,
dans
les Etats
citoyens.On parle
"feCo.,
MUNX
Row, New- York, ScientificAmerican
Office.
AND
NEW-YORK
NEW-TOSS
THERE
are
perhaps no
and
inventors
AND
patentees
two
are
107
WASHINGTON.
WASHINGTON.
cities in this country to which
in the
more
frequentlycalled,
Washington. For
inventive friends,
of our
the convenience
we
subjoina list
of the principalobjectsand placesof interest,which
they
whenever
should
endeavor
to see
they visit either place.
Inventors will always be welcoine at our offices in New- York
without
walk in
or
Washington ; and we hope they will
tion.
knocking. We shall be happy to give them any informa(See page 13.)
of
course
business,than
and
New- York
"
"
OF
WASHINGTON.-PLACES
INTEREST.
National
Observatory
Navy Yard.
Navy Department.
Arsenal.
Alexandria,Va.
Aqueduct.
Battle-Fields of Bull Run.
Potomac
Congressional Cemetery.
Capitol and Grounds.
Georgetown Heights.
Presidential Mansion
General
Patent
Scientific American
Insane
Asylum.
Green-Houses.
Jackson's
Statue.
of Music.
Academy
of Design.
Academy
Asylum for the Blind.
Astor
Library.
PLACES
INTEREST.
OF
Greenwood
Cemetery.
High Bridge.
Hoboken.
Navy
Battery.
Yard.
Post-Office.
Scientific American
Bible
Sub-
Atlantic
Docks.
House.
BlackwelPs
Island.
Central Park.
City Hall.
South
Staten
Tombs.
Street.
Island.
Trinity Church.
Croton
United
Reservoir.
Fort
Hamilton.
Fort Lafayette.
Governor's
Island.
States
Washington
Worth
Wall
Office.
Treasury.
Cooper Institute.
Dry Dock.
j
Treasury Department.
Department.
Washington Monument.
Washington's Statues.
Vernon.
NEW-YORK."
Office.
Smithsonian
Institute.
Soldier's Home.
War
Long Bridge.
Mount
andGardens.
Office.
Post-Office.
Government
Government
Falls.
Custom
Monument.
Alonument.
Street.
Washington
Market.
House.
35
10
^
Amendments,
.
Joint
Appeals,
Application for Patents, 5, 9,77
.
License,Form
.
....
.30.61
60
Assignments,
Assignees, Rights of,
.
.
~
91
in Parvo,
i Multum
i New- York Places of Interest,107
21
i Oath, to Patents,
not hold Patents, 56
Officials can
i Official Rules, Patent
Office, 20
52
of the U. S. ,
Laws
| Patent
Inquirers,
Belgian Patents,
Bill in Equity,
41
41
.
8, 63
Caveats,
Paint,
Charcoal, Properties of,
Inventions,
Chemical
Circle, Problems,
of Application,
Completion
Cement
Cases,
Patents,
Copy-rights,
of
Copies
.
Cost
of
Courts,
'"
'-
applying for
-
of,
Powers
Cuban
Patents,
Date of Patent,
.
.
82
i
IPatentee, Rights of,
jPenalty for Stamping,
Petition for Patent, Form,
Pleadings in Infringement,
34
9
.
41
Power
24
Preliminary Examinations,
Purchasers, Rights of,
.
13
30
"2
of Water.
Quick Applications,
29
22
| Record
19
.
46
Conductors,
i
Advertising. 100
and
.
Foreign Patents,
of Assignments,
Forms
French
Patents,
General
Information,
Practical,
Geometry,
Going to Washington,
Harness
Blacking,
Heat
Conductors,
Heat, Effects of, Table,
.
Evideience,
Reissues,
Rejected Applications.
Rela ting to Patents.
Remittances,
and Minors,14
Rights of Women
Royalty,
.
.
.
Rules,
40
31
41
7, 20
83
.
Sound,
Specification,the,
Steam-Engine, the,
58
.
.
37
.
81
60
Use, prior
38
Value
Value
of
Vane,
a
Voice
of the
101
.
14
50
.
of Inventor,
to Letter- Writers,
Patent-Office,
98
Steam, Pressure of, Table,
for Belts andGears,98
Substitute
82
for the Crank.
Substitute
68
Law
Suits,
Patents,
35
Tracing-Paper,
Trade-Marks.
.15, 76
.
.
.
.
.
to
.
57
Patent.
.
.
49
Horse-Power,
Brains,
.
.
of Patents.
.
.
.
How
to
Invent,
How
to
obtain
How
to
sell
Income
62
.._
Examinations,
Examiners-in-Chief,
of Patents,
Extension
of
Fees, Official,Table
Heirs
Hints
4
45
.
.
....
Engravings
42
.
Design Patents,
Disclaimers,
Drawings,
Electric Spark,
Electric
How
.
.
Patent*
.
obtain, 5, 9, 13
to
44
101
"-""*-
Patents,
Patents,
How
to sell.
Value
of,
jPatents,
Small
60 I Patents
on
Things,
69 | Patented
Articles,Stamping,
51
.
.
20
jPatent-Office,Rules,
15
.
Contested
.
.
64
.
British Patents,
.
.
104
to
'. 11, 22,35
'.'".
Models,
41
Patents,
Austrian
A Word
for,
85
Mechanical
Movements,
106
removed
Minerals
by Crops,
34
Arsenic,
must
jInventor
apply,
Inventors,
10,24! Lapsed Cases,
of,
Alcohol, Force
3
.
Patents,
Patents,
from
Infringement,
Patents,
Suits
Infringements,
Interferences,
.
.
for.
.
5, 9
42
44
68
Sparkling,
Washington.
What
Who
;
i Will
Places
.
of,
.
97
is it worth?
obtain
.
.
Patents.
mav
it Pay?
Fees
25 i Witnesses",
102,97
.
.
People,
99
4
46
36
107
20
97
...
and
Rights,
65