It’s a kind of MAGIC...
It’s a kind of MAGIC... How to observe at very high energies... ● ● ● Current and future instruments Very High Energies Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique ● MWL-View ● Gamma Astronomy ● Facts about FACT 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Current Cherenkov Telescopes VERITAS H.E.S.S. MAGIC telescopes CANGAROO III 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Future Cherenkov Telescopes ● ● Discovery of many new sources in wider energy range with improved sensitivity: CTA Longterm monitoring of bright AGN: FACT / DWARF First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope Cherenkov Telescope Array Artist view: ASPERA / D.Rouable Photo: Daniela Dorner 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, 2200 m MAGIC I: Mirror: 17 m diameter Observations during moonlight => gain ~ 30% obs.time Trigger threshold 50 GeV special trigger: 25 GeV MAGIC II: 'Clone' with technical improvements First light: 25.4.2009 now: stereo observations Fast repositioning: 300 degrees in 30 sec MAGIC 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics MAGIC 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics MAGIC 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Gamma Rays http://misclab.umeoce.maine.edu/boss/classes/SMS_491_2003/transparency.jpg http://astrobob.areavoices.com/astrobob/images/thumbnail/Radio_spectrum_window21.jpg Atmosphere is not transparent to gamma rays => indirect detection method from ground 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique Gamma ~ 10 km Particle shower 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique ~ 10 km Particle shower 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique ~ 10 km Emission of Cherenkov light ~ 1o ~ 120 m 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique 1 Telescope => Mono Observations ~ 10 km ~ 1o Image in the camera ~ 120 m 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics IACT Analysis Principle 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique Array of Telescope => Stereo Observations 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Background Events 1 Gamma 1000 Background 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Background Events 1 Gamma 1000 Background Gamma Candidates 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Background Rejection Parametrize shower image 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Background Rejection Cut in parameter distributions 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Background Rejection Cut in parameter distributions 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Signal Reconstruction: Shower Origin 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Signal Reconstruction: Shower Origin Parametrize shower image 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Signal Reconstruction: Shower Origin Parametrize shower image 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Signal Reconstruction: Shower Origin 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Signal Reconstruction: Shower Origin Skymap 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Spectrum and Light Curve: Energy Reconstruction Problem: How to calibrate the detector in energy? Atmosphere is part of the detector 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Spectrum and Light Curve: Energy Reconstruction Gamma Rays Which energy? Problem: How to calibrate the detector in energy? Atmosphere is part of the detector 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Spectrum and Light Curve: Energy Reconstruction Gamma Rays Problem: How to calibrate the detector in energy? Atmosphere is part of the detector We cannot bring CERN to space... => simulations are needed for energy reconstruction 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Spectrum Simulate processes in atmosphere Simulate telescope PG 1553+113: Spectrum MAGIC Compare shower images => reconstruct energy Albert et al. 2009 2009A&A...493..467A 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Light Curve PG 1553+113: 3 year light curve MAGIC Dorner 2008 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Light Curve PG 1553+113: 5 year MWL light curve Aleksić et al. 2010 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics MWL Spectrum: Spectral Energy Distribution Dorner 2008 PG 1553+113 Radio IR/opt. X-Ray Gama-Ray VHE 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics MWL Spectrum: Spectral Energy Distribution groundbased Dorner 2008 Satellites PG 1553+113 Radio IR/opt. X-Ray Gama-Ray VHE 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics MWL Spectrum: Spectral Energy Distribution Dorner 2008 PG 1553+113 Radio IR/opt. X-Ray Gama-Ray VHE simultaneous data July 2006: MAGIC HESS Suzaku KVA + historical data 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics The Multi-Wavelength Sky MPIfR 408MHz Mellinger Optical IUE 2-10keV EGRET HEAO-1 NRAO 1.42GHz DIRBE Ultraviolet ROSAT >100MeV TeV Infrared 0.25-1.5keV >100GeV 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics The Multi-Wavelength Sky MPIfR 408MHz Mellinger Optical IUE 2-10keV Fermi HEAO-1 NRAO 1.42GHz DIRBE Ultraviolet ROSAT NEW TeV Infrared 0.25-1.5keV >100GeV 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Gamma Astronomy TeV Sky 2003 http://tevcat.uchicago.edu 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Gamma Astronomy TeV Sky 2003 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Cherenkov Astronomy TeV Sky 2003 http://tevcat.uchicago.edu 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Cherenkov Astronomy TeV Sky 2003 Discovery of plenty new sources with the current generation of Cherenkov telescopes TeV Sky 2011 http://tevcat.uchicago.edu 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Future Cherenkov Telescopes ● ● Discovery of many new sources in wider energy range with improved sensitivity: CTA Longterm monitoring of bright AGN: FACT / DWARF First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope Cherenkov Telescope Array Artist view: ASPERA / D.Rouable Photo: Daniela Dorner 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Photo: Thomas Bretz Facts about FACT First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics ● Location: 2200m, La Palma, MAGIC site ● Mount: old HEGRA CT3 – New drive system – Refurbished Mirrors ● ● ● New Camera: – ● Better reflectivity Hexagonal, larger area (9.5 m²) First Cherenkov camera using G-APDs as photon detectors Photo: Thomas Bretz Facts about FACT Robotic Operation 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Prototype Camera: Results H.Anderhub et al 2009 JINST 4 P10010 Prototype Astro-ph: http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.4920 camera Mirror Prototype: First shower images successfully recorded 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Facts about FACT: The Camera ● Photo sensors: G-APDs instead of PMTs ● 1440 pixels (~0.11°/pixel), 4.5° FOV ● Solid light cones Square (2.8mm) to Hexagonal (9.5mm) 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Facts about FACT: Timeline ● Installation of camera in La Palma: May 2011 ● First Light => Proof of principle Photo: Daniela Dorner ● Physics program: Monitoring of Bright AGN 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Long term monitoring of AGN DWARF Blazars Mkn 501, Mkn 421, 1ES 1959+650, 1ES 2344+514, H1426+428, PKS 2155-304 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Outlook ● Dedicated Worldwide AGN Research Facility – Network of small Cherenkov telescopes around the globe – 24/7 monitoring – Starting point: collaboration with Whipple 10 m – AGN monitoring 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Facts about FACT: Status ● ● ● Mount: old HEGRA CT3 => still in La Palma New drive system => installed Refurbished Mirrors => installed and aligned New Camera Photo: Thomas Bretz ● => currently being assembled at ETH Zürich 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics Facts about FACT: Collaboration TU Dortmund Uni Würzburg EPF Lausanne ETH Zürich Uni Geneve (ISDC) FACT 28.2.2011, Daniela Dorner, ISDC – Data Centre for Astrophysics
© Copyright 2025