How to use MAGIC for MW campaigns
Alessandro De Angelis
University of Udine, INFN and INAF
• MAGIC as it is
• Rules for MW with MAGIC
• Some results
• The next future
Chicago, August 2007
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
The MAGIC site
La Palma, IAC
28° North, 18° West
Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
Grantecan
MAGIC
MAGIC and its Control House
MAGIC
2
17 m
Rapid pointing
– Carbon fiber structure
– Active Mirror Control
⇒ 20÷30 seconds
17
m
Camera:
~ 1 m ∅, 3.5°FoV
576 PMT (QEMAX ~ 30%)
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
MAGIC
Analogical
Transmission
(optical fiber)
2-level Trigger:
1º level: coincidence
2º level: pattern recognition
300 MHz DAQ
Refl. surface:
236 m2, F/1, 17 m ∅
– 964 heated mirrors on 247 panels
– Lasers+mechanisms for AMC
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
After upgrade of the
optics in July 2004
And of electronics in
April 2006
the telescope is in its
final shape
~300Hz shower rates
Eth ~40GeV
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Photo by R. Wagner
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
the Active Mirror Control laser beams
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Large dish => low threshold
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
MAGIC Sensitivity
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• We are publishing with
a threshold of 60 GeV
– and still a reasonable
efficiency
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Performance (measured on Crab)
• We detect significant
signal above 40 GeV
– trigger threshold
• Understanding our
efficiency towards the
goal of 50 GeV.
t
Significance = 28σ
1h
(5σ in ~ 2 min)
(2.5% Crab @5σ in 50h)
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Extragalactic Background Light
blazar
IACT
γVHE
γEBL
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Should be good for AGN detection…
e+
e-
8
Source
z
Sp.
Type
Discovery
Observation
M 87
0.004
2.9
FR-I
HEGRA
HESS
Mkn 421
0.031
2.2
HBL
Whipple
many
Mkn 501
0.034
2.4
HBL
Whipple
many
1ES 2344+514
0.044
2.9
HBL
Whipple
MAGIC
Mkn 180
0.045
3.3
HBL
MAGIC
1ES 1959+650
0.047
2.4
HBL
7TA
PKS 0548-322
0.069
HBL
HESS
BL Lac
0.069
3.6
LBL
MAGIC
PKS 2005-489
0.071
4.0
HBL
HESS
PG 1553
>0.09
4.0
HBL
HESS/MAGIC
PKS 2155-304
0.116
3.3
HBL
Durham
HESS
New HBL 1ES1011+496
z ~ 0.212
1ES 1426+428
0.129
3.3
HBL
Whipple
HEGRA
arXiv:0706.4435
1ES 0229+200
0.139
HBL
HESS
H 2356-309
0.165
3.1
HBL
HESS
1ES 1218+304
0.182
3.0
HBL
MAGIC
1ES 1101-232
0.186
2.9
HBL
HESS
1ES 0347-121
0.188
HBL
HESS
1ES 1011+496
0.212
HBL
MAGIC
3C 279
0.538
FSRQ
MAGIC
4.0
Big progress in AGN study
from z < 0.2 to z = 0.538
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Extragalactic VHE-sources
many
VERITAS
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• MAGIC is the right instrument,
due to its fast movement & low
threshold
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
GRBs and MAGIC
– MAGIC is in the GCN Network
– GRB alert active since Apr 2005
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
GRB observation with MAGIC:
GRB050713a
ApJ Letters 641, L9 (2006)
SWIFT
MAGIC data
-taking
data-taking
GRB
-alarm from SWIFT
GRB-alarm
MAGIC
We are on the track!
No VHE γ emission from
GRB positively detected
yet...
(all other observed GRB very
short or at very high z)
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
+1ES1011, +3C279 (unpublished)
(B. De Lotto)
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(B. De Lotto)
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
• From Apr 2005 to May 2007
• ~2000 dark time hours for observation, plus
~200h for ToO
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
MAGIC Cycle 1+2
– 46% to AGN
– 28% to Galactic Sources
– 9% to Pulsars
– 14% to DM, including M87
+ Special projects (τ neutrinos, …)
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• From June 2007 to May 2008
• Deadline expired on Apr 30
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
MAGIC Cycle3
– But consideration of new projects in November
• 10% of the time open to external proposals
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• MAGIC reached the design performance for 1
telescope
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Conclusions on MAGIC
– Threshold of 60 GeV for physics analysis; hope to
understand down to 50 GeV, and signal from 40
GeV
• MAGIC is delivering very good physics results
– >20 papers published or submitted, with 6 new
sources; more in the pipeline
– And the second telescope will see the first light
soon…
• Schedule is not published in an official way,
but…
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• Every year, AoO open to Guest Observations &
Multiwavelength campaigns
• Discussed in the Physics Committee, which tries to
identify an internal PI
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Multiwavelength: Normal procedure - I
– The internal PI should interact with the external PI in order to
guarantee that the proposal contains all information needed
for a correct evaluation
– A suggestion for the internal PI could be attached to the
proposal
– People from the collaboration can volunteer to be PI
• In general discussed case-by-case, but special
agreements with AGILE and in progress with GLAST
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
MAGIC’s Multiwavelength Policy
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
MAGIC’s Multiwavelength Policy
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
co-authorships are, of course, welcome
plus the external authors, in block if they like
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• Many successful ToOs, for example
•
•
•
•
•
•
3C279 at z ~ 0.54
1ES1011
Mkn180
Bl Lac (thanks Gino)
GRBs (the July 05 went into a MW publication w/ Swift)
…
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Some MW results
– For one event, we gave the trigger
• A big flare on Mkn501, Jul 05 – we do have a monitoring program…
– Several programs are “agreed ToOs” (w/ Integral, optical)
• a few real MW (Lindfors, Saggion, Pian, Persic, …)
• 3C454.3 (thanks Dave, Toni, …)
• 1ES1959 (w/ Integral)
• Mkn421, Mkn501 (keV/TeV correlations)
– Some going on
• LSI +61 303 (TeV, X, radio)
• …
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Lightcurve
TeV-X-raycorrelation
TeV
TeV
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Mkn 421 (z=0.030)
X-ray
X-ray
optica
loptical
• Dec 2004 – Apr 2005 ZA < 30º
• 25.6 h, over 7000 excess events
• Energy threshold: 150 GeV
Clear correlation X-ray γ-ray
Astro-ph/0603478
(C. Bigongiari)
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VHE
Preliminary !
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Mkn 501 (z=0.034)
X-rays
Optical
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VHE
X-rays
•Observed for 23h
in June – July 2005
•Detected at 85 σ level
(14k exc. events)
•Analysis threshold 150 GeV
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Mkn 501 (z=0.034)
Preliminary !
Optical
Flare on Jun 29th shows
very fast variability (~4 min) !
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Differential photon spectra fitted
with power law:
Low : Flux (E>150 GeV) < 0.5 Crab
12 days
Medium : 0.5 Crab < Flux < 1.0 Crab
8 days
High : Flux > 1.0 Crab
2 days (Flare nights excluded)
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Mkn 501 (z=0.034)
Preliminary !
Clear hardening of the spectrum
with increasing flux level !
Preliminary !
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• Observation of 3C 279
– In the period of January - April 2006
– Observation of 9.5hrs in 10 nights
– Zenith angle range was between 32 and 40 degrees Î
relatively high threshold of 120GeV
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
VHE detection of 3C 279 with MAGIC
• Analysis
– 4 independent analyses have been done
• Standard analysis and standard quality cut
• Relative time image cleaning (lower threshold)
• All results are consistent each other
– 6.1 sigma at 80 - 220GeV, and 5.1 sigma above 220GeV
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80-220 GeV
Preliminary
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Sky-map and alpha plot
on 23rd Feb 2006
Sky map around 3C279
Preliminary
Preliminary
E> 220 GeV
Preliminary
Preliminary
(M. Teshima)
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MAGIC
Preliminary
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
3C279 VHE gamma-ray
light curve
Preliminary
3C279 was active in optical in 2006
2~3 times brighter than 2005.
Optical light curve
KVA
We did not see any apparent
correlation between optical and
VHE gamma-rays.
(M. Teshima)
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News: Electronics, mirrors
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
The second MAGIC telescope
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• 2 technologies:
– INFN (50%) very similar to the half-size mirrors of MAGIC I
– INAF (50%) new technology from Brera and MediaLario
Front plate
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Mirrors: 1m2 layout
Mirror box + honeycomb
Central hole for the
laser housing
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winter has passed… and we
manage the technique!
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
3 large INFN mirrors already installed in Oct 05
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Mould and panel produced in Medialario Tech.
Aluminum master 1040 x 1040 mm
Front and rear of a produced segment
Size = 985 x 985 mm Weight = 7.5 kg
Nominal radius= 35 m
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• 3 Medialario mirrors under test in La Palma
since December ‘06
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Calendar (tentative)
• May ’07 Æ Starting mass production first
mirrors (INFN)
• October ‘07 Æ First batch installation ?
• Mar ’08Æ Reflector completed ?
• Inauguration on September 21st, 2008
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deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Performance of MAGIC 2
ARGO
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• MAGIC is working according to the expected
performance for 1 telescope
deAngelis (MAGIC), Aug 07
Conclusions
– And 2nd telescope operating soon
• We are open to MW observations, and
somehow the thing has still to develop
organically
– Organization
• We should improve our communication
– Signature policy
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