SUPPORTING CAREERS How to get hired Advice + internships + Job-hunting cvs, applications & interviews What employers want Where are the graduate jobs? A practical guide for job-hunting graduates Helping you go from college life to work life. Graduate Account To help the transition into your working life, we have designed the AIB Graduate Account for anyone who has graduated from full-time third level education in the last two years. Drop into any branch • 1890 788 336 • www.aib.ie/graduates Terms and conditions apply. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. A s a recent or current graduate, you’ll be entering one of the most competitive recruitment markets in many years. however, it’s certainly not all doom and gloom – there are still plenty of opportunities out there and, as the gradireland Graduate Salary & Graduate Recruitment Trends Survey shows, there are many reasons to be optimistic about your future career prospects in ireland. perhaps most importantly, the study shows that many graduate recruiters seem to be ramping up activity again after some dormant years. to help you on your way, Aib and gradireland have come together to publish this guide for job-hunting graduates, which is packed full of advice for those taking their first steps in employment. As an aid to assist you in the early stages of your professional career, you’ll discover how to search for the right jobs, information on the skills you’ll need to be successful, direction on how to handle interviews, and tips for writing winning cvs and applications. We’ve even included a section on becoming your own boss for the budding entrepreneurs amongst you. You’ll also find features on the practical elements of entering employment such as managing your money and what you need to know before that all important first day at work. www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com Contents The jobs market 2 Your perfect job 4 graduate views 5 the skills you need Practical advice and help 8 considering your career 10 on the job-hunt 12 gaining experience 16 Your own business 18 social media & jobs 20 Applications 23 interviews 25 Working life 27 Managing your money Welcome to AIB 14 the Aib graduate Account Sponsored by 1 Your perfect job Finding your perfect job An improvement in business confidence means a positive outlook for the graduate jobs market according to new research. D espite several challenging years competitive and almost 30% of firms for the economy, graduates in surveyed anticipated challenges in filling ireland can take encouragement roles, citing inappropriate qualifications and from greater stability in the skills as key issues. graduate jobs market in 2013 and 2014. unsurprisingly, most graduate jobs According to gradireland’s Graduate (60%) are based in dublin. elsewhere, the Salary & Graduate Recruitment Trends Survey, rest of Leinster (12.8%) overtakes Munster the labour market has experienced a return (11.1%) to move into second place from this to growth, albeit a modest upward turn. year’s research. the results also show that When graduate employers were accountancy, financial management surveyed in 2012 they expected and financial services firms, to take on an average of 10 along with it companies, are graduates in 2013. this has the sectors with the most increased to an average of graduate jobs in 2013. Almost 30% of firms 14.5 for 2014. the breadth of surveyed anticipated this increase is opportunities for challenges in filling roles, certainly cause for graduates in these citing inappropriate optimism and is a result sectors however, does qualifications and skills as of graduate recruiters not necessarily focus on key issues. cautiously re-entering the the core functions of market having severely these businessescurtailed activity during the opportunities in customer turbulence of recent years. service, marketing, sales, project companies that predict recruiting management, hr and other business between three to nine graduates this year support functions also exist. climbed to 27% from 24.4% in 2012. in the same period, organisations seeking 10-19 gradireland’s Top tip new graduate recruits rose by 3.5%. While Limiting your job search to one or two industries can positive trends are certainly emerging from reduce the number of opportunities open to you. employers, graduates seeking suitable The gradireland Careers Report is a free graduate job-matching and career-planning tool, see programmes will have to earn their place. gradireland.com/careers-report the market is becoming increasingly 2 Sponsored by gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Your perfect job As public sector opportunities in health, Those entering public administration and programmes in 2013 can education continue to be expect minimum fluctuation restricted by public from last year – the median expenditure cuts, the €24,000-€25,999. those starting salary for graduates with specialist skills, private sector provides remains at €24,000– the most favourable particularly in the areas of €25,999. avenue for graduates investment banking, fund seeking entry level positions. management, law (including the 2013 national skills legal services and patents), and bulletin notes that more vacancies engineering and manufacturing, continue to be created in niche sectors can expect higher salaries than the average. including cloud computing, gaming, mobile however, the median remains static as the technology and big data analytics. majority of entry level positions are in the government efforts to attract foreign accountancy, financial management and direct investment (Fdi) are also contributing financial services sectors, all of which offer a to growth in the graduate employment lower starting salary than the standard. sector. As the idA continues its work in Looking ahead marketing ireland as an attractive destination for business, growth in sectors The sectors that are expected to lead growth in the Irish economy in the future are in emerging such as information and communications industries. Agri-business, food, green tech and med technology (ict), international financial tech are all expected to figure prominently in Ireland’s services, digital media, it, life sciences and future success, while cloud computing, mobile applications and technical writing are considered as pharmaceuticals is particularly evident. Salaries graduate salary levels vary by company and by sector. however, those entering programmes in 2013 can expect minimum fluctuation from last year – the median starting salary for graduates remains at www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com potentially significant growth areas. Graduates should therefore develop competencies in areas such as sales, marketing, business support functions, as well as obtain a level of commercial awareness and understanding of management techniques and processes. Improving soft skills such as written and verbal communication, which employers often cite as insufficient for those at entry level, will also be crucial for future employment. Sponsored by 3 Graduate views What graduates say The results of this year’s gradireland national survey of students reveal that realism should prevail and that optimism is slowly returning. W ith confidence increasing in the jobs market in ireland, gradireland’s student survey shows that cautious optimism is also the order of the day amongst ireland’s students and graduates. gradireland’s national survey of over 8,000 students, independently carried out by trendence institute, shows that while it’s too early to declare recovery, optimism is returning. one indicator of this is the starting salary that graduates expect to receive in their first job. this has rebounded to 2008 levels, with students expecting an average starting salary of €28,000 – a considerable upturn on the average of €25,000 expected by last year’s graduates. however, given that the actual average starting salary paid to graduates is €25,000 (see page 3), it’s best to be aware of what can realistically be achieved at entry level. While there is considerable variance amongst different sectors, only 36% of students surveyed felt they knew what salary they could command, highlighting the need for graduates to carry out their own research into individual sectors and companies that interest them. students remain grounded and understand that landing their first job is not without its challenges –71.4% feel it will be tough to get what they describe as a ‘good’ job this year, while 65% expressed concern about their future career. Almost one-third said they would definitely leave ireland when they graduate, while two-thirds of those polled claimed that moving abroad was something that they would consider. encouragingly, today’s graduates are aware that one of the key criteria that employers seek is flexibility – 85% realise that they must be prepared to take on many different roles from time to time. At a glance A snapshot of the findings from gradireland’s national survey of students in Ireland, which is independently conducted by trendence Institute . 60 % of those surveyed expected to experience salary cuts at some point in their professional lives. 4 Sponsored by 55 % believed that Ireland’s efforts in attracting large foreign companies here will offer them a better chance of securing a job. 57 % felt that their course equipped them with the necessary skills for work. 44 % are prepared to work for nothing to get a good internship. 68 % said they were prepared to make sacrifices in their personal lives to develop their careers. gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates The skills you need The skills you need Knowing what hard and soft skills employers are looking for can give you an edge in the graduate job market. E mployers are becoming increasingly be split into two categories – hard skills and demanding when selecting graduates soft skills. for their graduate intake. As a result, Hard skills securing a role is more challenging hard skills are specific, teachable abilities than ever. however, there is some good news that are based on fact. As they can be taught for the class of 2013 – the number of or learned, many new graduates companies hiring graduates entering the workforce for the continues to increase. those surveyed in last first time already have many 28% year’s edition of relevant skills from their of employers said they gradireland’s Graduate studies. however, there is expect to face difficulties Salary & Graduate still a requirement for when filling the positions, Recruitment Trends citing a lack of applicants with students to take some Survey hired an average responsibility themselves the right qualifications and for improving existing 14.5 graduates that year, the right skills as the main skills, especially since a significant increase on obstacles. employers in this year’s the anticipated figure of 10 survey report once again at the beginning of 2012. that the basics are very often similar results are expected lacking. this time around too – these are the hard skills (in respondents said in January that they descending order) where recruiters identified would hire approximately 12 new recruits in the greatest shortfall: 2013, which should shoot upwards if the writing skills trend from a year ago continues. fluency in a foreign language however, although there may be an administration and organisation increase in places, there’s no guarantee that basic computer skills they’ll all be offered. in fact, 28% of employers leadership said they expect to face difficulties when project management filling the positions, citing a lack of applicants numeracy with the right qualifications and the right As in last year’s poll, writing skills are skills as the main obstacles. where employers notice the biggest so how can you overcome a skills deficit >> deficiency. specifically employers want and secure your place? First, skill sets should • • • • • • • www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com Sponsored by 5 The skills you need graduates who can express themselves clearly and concisely, such as when writing a brief for colleagues or giving technical instructions. even if you feel you have competent writing abilities, focusing on these areas and gaining demonstrable experience will give you an advantage during the recruitment process. Soft skills soft skills are more difficult to classify than hard skills. often subjective, skills in this area are generally associated with personal attributes or character rather than intellect. that’s not to say that they can’t still be learned, however. And from the findings in this year’s research, it’s clear that the best time for graduates to start is right now. this is, after all, where employers feel that students could improve most. these are the soft skills (in descending order) where recruiters identified the greatest shortfall: communication analytical skills managing their own learning problem solving confidence flexibility independent working motivation diligence As communication comes out on top for the second year running, it’s important to understand exactly what employers mean by “lacking communication skills.” Written and spoken communication skills (on paper and online) are perhaps the most obvious. however, employers also refer to how • • • • • • • • • 6 Sponsored by graduates interact with other employees or stakeholders like suppliers or customers, for example. they express concern about the ability of entry-level jobseekers to adapt their style to suit who they are talking to or dealing with. being cognisant of this will help you stand out in a professional role, as will demonstrating an awareness of other people’s reactions and responses during conversations, meetings or presentations. Sort your skills so now that you’re aware of where employers see the gaps, you can do something about it. As part of the gradireland survey, employers offered advice on how they believe graduates can improve both hard and soft skills. they highlighted the following as possible avenues that students should explore to prepare themselves for the workplace. complete an internship or work placement gain international experience by studying or working abroad carry out team-based exercises at university • • • gradireland’s Top tip If you’ve been offered a job or applied to companies in specific industries, note the main players and draw up a competitor analysis report on social media tactics, as well as topics covered and frequency of blog posts. Presenting this to your potential employer should impress them. See gradireland.com/careers-advice for more tips. gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates on a leadership position in a student •take society skills workshops run by careers •undertake services in team-based sports at university •takeForpart the second year in a row, employers reported that extensive international travel was one of the least effective ways of improving skills and capabilities. however, if you intend on going abroad once you’ve completed your studies, taking on a volunteer role or securing a position where you could learn a new language or business insight will be a positive boost to your employability credentials. by heeding the advice of employers, graduates stand a better chance of being selected onto one of the many programmes offered by businesses in ireland. however, once you have landed a graduate job, don’t be afraid to use your own skills too – you’ll still have to work on the hard and soft variety mentioned earlier, but that shouldn’t deter you from offering your knowledge to help the company. if you blog on a regular basis, for instance, ask whether or not the company updates its own blog. if not, offer to help. this will, of course, contribute to developing your writing and communication skills at the same time. the same can be said of social media – if you’re used to engaging on social channels and are familiar with the platforms, you could contribute to the firm’s output, and possibly improve it. While these activities will be closely monitored, you’ll be seen as an employee that can add value to the business. Future skills ICT Multilingual The Expert Group of Future Skills Needs (EGFSN) says that ICT is the strongest sector of the Irish labour market right now. Vacancies in this area span a wide range of disciplines such as managerial, professional, technicians, skilled trade, sales and customer service roles. The EGFSN also notes in a snapshot of Ireland’s skills supply and demand report that multilingual technicians, finance accounts managers, marketing professionals, financial administrators and some supply chain functions are increasingly difficult to come by. However, a second language will help to develop any career path. www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com Digital communications It’s common for most companies to have a digital and social media presence. The ability to use platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and LinkedIn effectively is becoming increasingly essential while creation and distribution of a company e-zine or blog will also enhance your standing in the professional world. Other skills Most graduates understand the need to be flexible on their career path but it’s always wise to remember that it’s a requirement, not a request. A level of commercial awareness will also be needed so watch and learn from more experienced individuals. Sponsored by 7 Considering your career Considering your career options Your career choice is one of the most important decisions you’ll make in life, so taking the time to research it is vital. C ‘ hoose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.’ some people might disagree with confucius’ advice, but there is some truth in it – having a career that fulfils you and satisfies your needs will contribute a lot to your future happiness. therefore, it’s well worth taking time when choosing the right path. Know yourself to know your ideal career, of course, you first have to know yourself – and understand what you want to get out of your working life. Are you looking for a high disposable income, or would a relatively low-pressure job with less pay suit you? Are you prepared – or able – to choose an industry where you’ll endure several years of unpaid or poorly paid work? do you need to find your work intensely stimulating? how important is work-life balance to you? it’s important that you really think about yourself, and the life that you want, to get a sense of your essential priorities when choosing a career path. our checklist on this page should help. only you can decide which factors to prioritise in your career choice, though it’s always useful to sound out 8 Sponsored by friends and family about the kind of job that would suit you. Know industries When you have a real sense of what you want from your working life, you can start researching careers in earnest. Luckily, the internet has made it easier than ever to understand what an industry is like to work in, what opportunities there are, and what big changes are currently happening. research as much as you can online, using sources including company Checklist – what matters? Try to identify the factors that matter most to you in a career choice, marking each of these from one to ten. Starting Salary Total Career Earnings Lower Stress Manageable Hours Varied Tasks Interesting Day-to-Day Work Contributing to Society Travel Opportunities Stability gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates websites, trade media, or even blogs run by workers Whether or not Start applying in a sector. you have personal if possible, you contacts that can offer their When you think you have an idea of the best should supplement the perspective on the industry, industry for you, there’s things you read online you’ll be able to get it at only one thing for it: start with personal testimony. job fairs and graduate applying. even reading this is where personal and events. and responding to job family contacts will be vital. advertisements will give you don’t be shy about calling a sense of what you’ll need to people to see if they would meet get a foothold in the sector – a faceyou for a coffee and a chat – people to-face interview will give you even more are often only too happy to ‘talk shop’ with information. And of course, if you’re an enthusiastic potential newcomer to the successful in getting a first job or internship, industry! you’ll learn a lot more in just a week of work Whether or not you have personal than you can imagine. contacts that can offer their perspective on the industry, you’ll be able to get it at job fairs and graduate events. gradireland runs gradireland’s Top tip several events throughout the year where graduates can talk to companies from a huge The right path may not be the most obvious one, or one that your college course specifically trained you range of industries, getting a real sense of for. Whatever course you did, you will have portable what you can expect from different sectors. skills that can be applied to various sectors – even if you need further study or an extra professional You’ll find more information on qualification to get started. gradireland.com. www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com Sponsored by 9 Your job-hunt On the job-hunt You can do a lot to help yourself in the hunt for your perfect job. I t’s very easy to get disheartened if if you’ve graduated already, the careers your job search isn’t throwing up services at your college should still be exactly what you had expected. As available to you. even if you’ve moved away, graduation gets closer and the focus an arrangement exists whereby universities turns to finding a position that is aligned will assist graduates of other higher with your chosen field of study, education institutions, so you’ll still the realisation that offers have access to all the expertise won’t simply flood in is a and help you need. (see our Some reality check. panel on what your careers companies never however, for those services can do for you advertise vacancies. Instead entering the workforce opposite.) they rely on referrals from later this year, just Build and tap into your because jobs may not other employees or network seem plentiful in typical colleagues, or expect creating a network of places like job specific individuals like you to peers, colleagues and other websites, doesn’t mean approach them. professionals has never been that they don’t exist. more straightforward than it is What’s required here is today. through Linkedin, graduates legwork, and a lot of it, to track can search for and connect with down opportunities that you believe individuals that could be helpful to them in you’re qualified for and interested in. their own careers. however, it’s important to Where do I start? remember that this is not a one-way street, the best place to begin your search is with and if you want referrals or even the respect the careers services at your college or of other more experienced individuals in university. A mine of information, you’ll your industry, you’ll have to earn it. have access to opportunities on your Luckily enough, that’s relatively doorstep that you are unlikely to find on straightforward too. Joining relevant groups generalist websites. this includes dates for on the networking site gives you the upcoming jobs fairs, employer visits to opportunity to take part in conversations and your campus, trade publications that you offer insightful, well composed comment on won’t find in normal circulation, and subjects that relate to your market. by taking possibly even positions aimed directly at the time to engage at this level, you should graduates from courses similar to yours. start to build your network, which, in turn, 10 Sponsored by gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Your job-hunt can help you to find out about opportunities and put you in direct contact with people that could help you. Take a chance some companies never advertise vacancies. instead they rely on referrals from other employees or colleagues, or expect individuals like you to approach them. it may seem like an odd approach to recruitment but employers who choose this avenue pay high regard to those who actively seek out an opportunity to work with them. begin by listing the companies you would really like to work for and research all What can careers services do for me? All higher education institutions provide careers services advice. All have the same goal; to assist you in taking the next step in your journey to finding the right career for you and finding a position that matches your skills. 1. Your careers service will have recent copies of publications, such as gradireland’s career directory, that can help you identify opportunities both at home and abroad. 2. Careers services will help you to explore your career and job options. They can even put you in touch with alumni to discuss their experience in your chosen area. 3. Your careers advisor can be invaluable when helping you complete job applications. With their help, you can hone your CV and cover letters to ensure they’re relevant to the position you’re applying for. 4. You’ll also find that help in preparing you for an interview is available at the careers services. 5. If you are seeking a work placement, your careers service may be notified of positions available before they are advertised through more traditional channels. A full list of contact details is available on gradireland.com or via the Association of Higher Education Careers Services, www.ahecs.ie. www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com aspects of their business. then tailor your application specifically for each organisation – recruiters at this level can spot a generic cover letter and cv in an instant so it’s a practice best avoided. in your application, clearly state why would like to work with the company and why you think you’re a good fit. Consider alternatives When you’re starting out, it can be difficult to enter an organisation at the level you think you’re capable of. if this happens to you, there are alternative approaches to slotting into the role you really wanted from the beginning. 1. consider opportunities at sMes (smalland medium-sized enterprises). You’re more likely to get some level of responsibility in a smaller company than you are at a multinational or larger corporation, which can help you develop your skills more quickly. 2. taking a stepping stone approach in larger companies can be helpful in your progression. by starting at a lower level than you originally wanted to, you’ll learn about the company itself and how it operates. then, when an opportunity arises in the department that you had targeted from the beginning, you’ll be well placed to seize it! gradireland’s Top tip Make sure that your profiles on social networking sites are always up-to-date. You never know when somebody important will drop by to sneak a peek! Sponsored by 11 Gaining experience Cutting your teeth An internship or work experience placement is a great way to get a start in your chosen industry, and learn essential skills. W hen employers are choosing there are many ways to access an their ideal hire, someone internship, including Jobbridge the with relevant experience will government’s national internship often have an edge over their programme, offering internships in various peers. As a graduate starting out, you can industries for periods of between six and either accept being at a disadvantage, or do nine months. gradireland’s research points to something about it. the virtual necessity of gaining some form of getting a suitable internship or work work experience, with over 80% of experience placement, though, graduates saying that they would isn’t just about having be seeking, or have sought, something on your cv – it’s some work experience. a way to get real-life employers, backed up by Whether you experience of the work research from the higher take a placement through environment, and to education Authority, JobBridge or a private develop your skills to be also say they are far arrangement, it’s important more effective. more likely to hire to make the most of the applicants with work experience, building up the A changing pattern experience and that skills and contacts that will traditionally, internships these candidates benefit your career. were offered by larger generally settle into a job firms recruiting top talent at a quicker pace. from universities: these big companies got to see potential employees first hand, while the graduates gained experience and the opportunity to shine. While these opportunities still exist gradireland’s Top tip more companies of all sizes are offering Even if you start out doing something fairly menial, internships or work placements. they enable don’t be discouraged. Often, a company will initially companies to benefit from skilled labour at a assign the most basic tasks to an intern before gradually increasing their responsibility. Just stick at it low cost, and more graduates than ever can to show you’re ready for more challenging work. benefit from on-the-job experience. 12 Sponsored by gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Benefitting from experience Whether you take a placement through Jobbridge or a private arrangement, it’s important to make the most of the experience, building up the skills and contacts that will benefit your career. For example, your placement will be far more valuable if you show initiative in the workplace. if you’ve gone through the tasks that are assigned to you, don’t hesitate to ask if there’s anything else that needs to be done. Also, be willing to give your input when asked for it – a well-run organisation will always welcome a fresh perspective. You’ll also give yourself an advantage if you ask questions about the work, about your host company and what makes it different, and about the industry in general. once you’re not pestering people, you should find that they are only too happy to share their views and experience with you. demonstrating that you’re genuinely interested will encourage your co-workers to help you improve, and boost your chances of a permanent job offer. Your rights Useful resources Even as an intern, you still have employment rights that your host organisation should respect. You’re entitled to regular breaks, time off on public holidays and annual leave. You also have protection from harassment and discrimination, as well as the right to join a union. www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com At the end even if you complete your internship and aren’t offered a permanent job, remember that the experience has benefited you. After all, you’ve had the opportunity to work in a business, hopefully applying the skills you learned at third-level to real-life situations. What’s more, you’ve made contacts that you can call on for advice and you should have a body of work that you can cite in any future job interview. These resources should help you benefit from an internship programme. gradireland.com www.ictu.ie/internrights www.jobbridge.ie. •• • Sponsored by 13 Welcome to AIB Welcome to AIB For many graduates, their first year of work offers their first taste of the real world. To help make your transition from education life to working life as smooth as possible, we have designed the AIB Graduate Account. With a range of unique benefits, it will make it easier for you to stay in control of your finances. And if you need advice on managing your money, our dedicated AIB Graduate Centre is there to support you with your banking needs. Who can apply? the Aib graduate Account is available to anyone who holds an Aib student plus Account and has graduated from full-time third level education in the last two years, or anyone new to Aib who has graduated from a full-time third level course of three years duration or more in the last two years. the Aib graduate Account and associated benefits are valid from the date you convert to or open your account for a maximum period of two years. the preferential benefits of the Aib graduate Account are only available to Aib graduate Account holders. For full details of the benefits available check out www.aib.ie/graduates 14 Sponsored by gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Welcome to AIB How can we help? if you have questions, need more information, or simply want to talk to one of our team, you can contact our dedicated Aib graduate centre. We have a specialised team that’s available to provide you with ongoing support and advice. We have a range of products available which are specifically designed to suit your needs, for more information: the dedicated Aib graduate centre on 1890 788 336 •contact (8am to 9pm Monday to Friday and 9am to 6pm on saturdays). •call into any Aib branch. How to apply Already an AIB Student Plus Account holder? if you already hold an Aib student plus Account, we will automatically convert your account to the Aib graduate Account after four years - we’ll write to you to let you know this is happening. Alternatively you can simply call the dedicated Aib graduate centre on 1890 788 336 to convert to the Aib graduate Account or drop into your local Aib branch. Thinking of switching from another bank to the AIB Graduate Account? it’s easy to switch your existing account to the Aib graduate Account. simply download the Aib personal current Account switching pack at www.aib.ie, or call the dedicated Aib graduate centre on 1890 788 336. How to get in touch Call us 1890 788 336 Call in drop in to any branch Click on www.aib.ie/graduates If you have any questions, just ask. terms and conditions apply. Allied irish banks, p.l.c. is regulated by the central bank of ireland. www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com Sponsored by 15 Your own business Starting your own business If you want to create your own dream job, why not become your own boss? S ome graduates aren’t thrilled with the idea of working for someone else or taking part in a job-hunt for a role that matches their skills. in some cases, they’ve got a great idea for a business and decide to go it alone. if you’re one of those people, why not make your own opportunity by becoming your own boss? Is it for you? When you’re weighing up the pros and cons of starting up on your own or with some of your fellow graduates, so much depends on whether you’re personally cut out for entrepreneurial life. Are you self-motivated, and able to work hard without external pressure or supervision? Are you creative in your response to problems or unexpected Perfect timing situations? Are you able to You should traditionally, people put in long hours, and start by writing a solid started their own willing to put up with business plan, with businesses after working relatively low pay for projections about revenues in an industry for a few your efforts initially? can and costs. This should help you motivate other years, acquiring industry you see the strengths people to help realise and life experience. but and weaknesses of your vision? today, opportunities at your idea. if you answered yes to entry level are harder to these questions, then come by and, depending on starting up on your own may your qualifications, you may well suit you. it’s a hard road at need to kick-start your career by times but, if you’re self-reliant, hard working yourself. and resourceful, it could prove a very Aside from this, there are benefits to rewarding one. starting a business when you graduate. You’re less likely to have a big family or other Getting help commitments, meaning that you can invest that’s not to say, however, that more time towards the business or accept entrepreneurs are expected to make a go of lower take-home pay while you’re starting it with no assistance. in fact, two state out. And even if your idea doesn’t take off, agencies have been key to many business you’ll still gain contacts and experience that success stories. you can use later in your career. 16 Sponsored by gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates enterprise ireland supports businesses with a strong potential to export goods or services outside of ireland and create jobs here. the assistance they offer includes matching grants for business development and export research, as well as informal and formal advice. visit www.enterpriseireland to find out more. the city and county enterprise boards are geared to help small businesses targeting the domestic market with information, advice, and some grant support. You can find out more about their work by visiting www.enterpriseboards.ie. Plan even if you don’t engage with either of these agencies when you’re starting out, it’s vital to plan ahead before you dive right into things. You should start by writing a solid business plan, with projections about revenues and costs. this should help you see the strengths and weaknesses of your idea. every business plan should include a few core elements. You should be able to identify what your product or service is, who is going to buy it, and how you are going to reach your potential customers. realistic projections about the kind of revenue you will make, and www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com the kind of expenses you will rack up, are also essential. if you don’t know where to start, the city and county enterprise boards have useful resources to help. Get it done When you’ve got your plan in place, there’s no better feeling than perfecting your product or service, talking to would-be clients, and starting to make sales. the entrepreneurial path can be tough, but it can also be hugely rewarding. And who’s to say that it won’t be you seeking to recruit the best graduates to help grow your business in a year or two. gradireland’s Top tip Some people are nervous about sharing their idea for a business with family or friends – don’t be. After all, if you can’t pitch your plan to the most important people in your life, how will you sell it to strangers? Your market research should go beyond friends and family, but those closest to you should be able to highlight strong and weak points in your business plan to start with. Sponsored by 17 Social media & jobs Get social in your job-hunt Social media is not just a handy way of catching up with friends and family; it’s a highly effective job-hunting tool too. W hile social media won’t Facebook is primarily about get you a job connecting with people you overnight, it is a know offline but twitter great way of actively encourages presenting your best networking with One-third of attributes to a wide range people outside of your employers who scan of potential employers. usual social circles. social media profiles said twitter also allows social media enhances they have found content you to use and follow your networking activities, that has caused them not hashtags to narrow giving you direct access to to hire a candidate. your online job searches contacts you may never have – a cork-based it met in the offline world. And graduate can get targeted with more than half of hiring results using hashtags like managers using social media to #itjobs and #corkJobs, for example. post vacancies, it is also a great tool for targeted job searches. Key points for social media Which platform? savvy job-hunters use a number of social platforms to increase their prospects. Linkedin, basically an online cv channel, is ideal for business networking. if you’re not sure how to best present yourself on Linkedin, examine the profiles of successful people in your chosen field for pointers. 18 Sponsored by 1. Make sure your online profiles are a true representation of your achievements and career objectives. Don’t make claims on social networks that you can’t back up in real life. 2.Create your own list of industries and companies that you’re interested in. This will help you understand the style of communication used by organisations in your chosen industry as well as keep you up to date with competitor and sector news. gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Beware the overshare the most common interview question, “tell me about yourself” is rendered redundant if you’re one of the many people who shares all of their private information online. in fact, one-third of employers who scan social media profiles said they have found content that has caused them not to hire a candidate. so, before you start interacting online, it’s wise to check your privacy settings. is too cold and robotic, you could be overlooked. be genuine and engage with potential employers online, don’t spam them. recruiters will appreciate the human touch and your network will expand organically. recruiters aren’t just looking for the graduate with the most qualifications – they seek out well-rounded candidates that fit with a company’s culture too. Be social gradireland’s Top tip remember, sites like twitter and Facebook are called social networks for a reason. if you create a professional online image that www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com Be active and useful on social media. Share content that will add value and be of interest to your peers, potential colleagues and mentors. Sponsored by 19 Applications How to apply yourself Every day recruiters have to sift through hundreds of CVs and application forms, so how do you ensure that yours grabs their attention? W hether submitting a cv or filling in an application form, applying for a job is all about persuading employers that you’re the right candidate. however, the first step is always the most difficult as the information you provide is likely to be the first time that the recruiter or hiring manager has come across you. With some straightforward advice, however, you can make your cv or application stand out. highlight your key skills quickly and •concisely. Avoid vague or clichéd statements like •“gives 110%” or “problem solver.” the third person without personal •use pronouns, i.e. “highly experienced sales • supervisor with a proven track record of managing large teams and exceeding sales targets.” tailor your personal statement specifically to the role you are applying for. Personal statement Your CV the first thing that a potential employer should see on your cv is a personal statement, a short summary that outlines your skills, attributes and suitability for the role. What you say here can determine whether the recruiter reads on or throws your cv in the reject pile. Furthermore, a well-crafted personal statement will also enable the recruiter to quickly identify the strategic value of adding you to the organisation. here’s some quick pointers to help create yours: Keep it brief. 100-150 words is standard, 200 is the upper limit. A cv is a record of academic learning and qualifications, as well as work experience and skills you’ve acquired so far. in just two pages, your cv has to persuade employers that you are a candidate worth interviewing. there are many different ways to structure a cv but, as you will see here, there is no one-size-fits-all format – you simply need to find the structure that best showcases your skills for each position you apply for. • gradireland’s Top tip You can find out more about CV’s and applications online at gradireland.com/careers-advice 20 Sponsored by gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Applications Types of CV Chronological Skills-based CV Key Points: • Most commonly used format. • Lists experience and qualifications starting with the most recent. Key Points: Key Points: • Showcases your attributes rather • Uses reverse chronological than listing experience in structure but emphasises skills chronological order. gained under each role. • Often includes a personal statement Pros: to summarise your skills. • Allows skills to be noted first, which helps if you’re short on Pros: work experience. • Useful if you don’t have an extensive work history. Cons: • If you’ve been out of work for • Certain roles or qualifications will extended periods, it puts the focus merit more description than on skills rather than previous others, which can make your CV employment. feel unbalanced. Cons • Can be more difficult to structure. • Some employers are less familiar with this format and find it harder to grasp. Pros • Useful if you have lots of experience. • Easy to follow. • Easy to write. • Employers are most familiar with this style. Cons • Can highlight gaps in your employment history. • Past work or education history may not be particularly pertinent to the job you are applying for. Combination CV CV Do’s and Don’ts Most advice relating to CVs is open to debate. However, there are some golden rules that everyone can agree on. Do’s • Make it as easy as possible for recruiters to conclude that you are a strong candidate. Remember, they may be viewing hundreds of CVs in a day so highlight your best attributes early. Recruiters typically scan a CV in 30 seconds or less! • Use action words that express the skills you used and developed in previous roles or in the course of your studies, such as “led a ten-person team” or “created a successful marketing plan”. • Keep your CV to a reasonable length. Two pages is ideal, three pages is the absolute limit. • Explain all noticeable career gaps. Recruiters can assume the worst if you don’t acknowledge them. • Proofread your CV thoroughly. Spelling mistakes, typos and inconsistencies indicate an error prone or sloppy candidate. Print out your CV and recite it aloud to ensure it reads well. Don’ts • Don’t shrink the font to fit more content in. If a recruiter has to squint they’ll be much less likely to read it. • Don’t lie. These days it’s very easy for an employer to find out if you’re not telling the truth. Even a small fabrication can have serious consequences for your career. • Don’t waste time trying to make your CV look flashy. A simple, well-formatted document is all that recruiters require and expect. • Don’t ever describe yourself as the next Richard Branson or Steve Jobs. • Don’t use descriptions like ‘guru’ or ‘unique’ – they can be viewed as arrogant and pretentious. Cover Letter Your cover letters complement the information in your CV and introduces you to the employer so it’s crucial to get it right. To start, you should always mention the job you’re applying for in the first sentence (companies often have numerous job postings) and then outline your suitability for the available position. Here are some useful tips to help you get it right first time. • Keep your cover letter brief – a maximum of one A4 page. • Don’t regurgitate the information contained in your CV. Instead, target your cover letter to the job you’re applying for. • Highlight key skills and how they apply to the role advertised. www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com • Whenever possible, address the letter to a named person rather than “To whom it may concern” or “Dear Sir/madam”. It shows you’ve done your homework. • Sign-off in a way that encourages further communication e.g. “I look forward to hearing from you soon.” Sponsored by 21 >> Applications Application forms With the rise in online job applications, jobseekers are increasingly finding themselves applying online as well as sending CVs. Completing applications can be challenging as candidates have to input skills and qualifications in a predefined way. This cuts down on your ability to personalise your application. But by following the tips below, you can maximise the chances of making a successful impression on employers. • Read all of the questions before filling out the form. • Compose your responses in Microsoft Word or another word processing programme first. This way it’s easier to get an overall feel for what you’re submitting, the text will be easier to edit and you’re less likely to overlook spelling and grammar mistakes. • Don’t overly rely on spell-check. Instead, have a friend or member of your family read your responses for errors. • If any section asks for further information, think carefully about your response. This is your opportunity to sell yourself to the employer. • Try not to fill in too many applications at once – you’ll get burnt out and your applications will suffer. If you feel yourself Things not to include in your CV Title Writing “Curriculum Vitae” at the top of the page is a waste of valuable space. Recruiters are well aware of what they’re reading. Unnecessary personal information: You’re not obliged to disclose race, marital status, sexual orientation, religion, political affiliation, or a photograph. References Most people write “references available upon request” but even this is not obligatory. A recruiter will generally assume that a job applicant will have references and will ask for them if necessary. LinkedIn With more than 200 million members worldwide, new graduates would be smart to supplement their paper CV with a profile on LinkedIn. However, before you do, make sure there are no noticeable discrepancies between the two. This will be an instant red flag for employers. While CVs are static, LinkedIn is interactive, easily updateable and allows jobseekers to attach multimedia content that showcases their talent (videos, photos, online articles). If you want potential employers to learn a bit more about you, you can include a link to your LinkedIn account in your CV. 22 Sponsored by getting fatigued get some fresh air and continue your job search later. • Many businesses have implemented automated CV screening technology. So, if you’ve been asked to upload your CV along with your application, and if the system has a technical issue with it, it may never reach an actual recruiter. To ensure your CV makes it past this automated process, keep the formatting simple and streamlined – fancy fonts and special characters can be troublesome for the software. • Always keep a copy of your application form so you can refer to it before your interview. A recruiter speaks At Aib, we recognise that the recovery and success of our business depends on the professionalism and dedication of our employees. We are continually seeking new, academically successful, talented and motivated individuals to work with our existing talent to help us deliver on our vision and strategy. As recruiters we look for skills we believe are a good fit for our organisation in graduate candidates. pay attention to the role and responsibilities the recruiter is seeking in the vacancy notice and look at your past experiences in education and/or the workplace for an opportunity to demonstrate you have the expertise to match specific requirements. Many of our roles have a customer facing element, internal or external, so a customer focus and communication skills are an advantage. Enda Daly, Recruitment & Selection, AIB gradireland’s Top tip Finished tailoring your CV and cover letter for a particular job? Ask a friend to read them over and guess the job they’re designed for. If they can’t figure it out, you may need to make them more targeted. gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Interviews Preparing for an interview Knowing what to expect in an interview can go a long way in settling any nerves, and can help you focus on presenting yourself as best as you possibly can. L anding an interview for your first best advice anyone can give you is to professional job is a significant prepare, and then prepare some more. milestone in your career. there can be a tendency to focus on the job specification – a it’s the first time that blinkered view that you your skills, cv, application It can be must match your own and desire to work in an extremely disconcerting skills and background to industry have been to attend an interview elements set out in the recognised. however, expecting a one-to-one criteria for a particular while the initial conversation only to find that position. While this is recognition is you will be in front of a panel true, you should important, the hard remember that your work is still ahead. or subject to a technical interviewer is also likely examination of your What to expect to ask about your skills. When you have received knowledge of the company notice to attend an interview, the itself. here, understanding the company’s history, its culture and position in the market is crucial. being able gradireland’s Top tip to demonstrate that you have put in the To start your interview off on the right note, make effort to research more intimate details good eye contact, smile and give a firm handshake about the organisation will help you when you first meet your interviewer . stand out. www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com Sponsored by 23 >> Interviews understanding the format of the interview is key too. if you’re not sure or if it hasn’t been clarified in advance, make sure to ask. it can be extremely disconcerting to attend an interview expecting a one-to-one conversation only to find that you will be in front of a panel or subject to a technical examination of your skills. (see panel below for an explanation of interview types). may be feeling ahead of the interview itself. however, once it starts, remember that it’s a two-way process and your interviewer is likely to be nervous too. they’re under pressure to select the right candidate for the job and you can help them by displaying your skills, knowledge and passion for the industry and the company. It’s time! preparing well and being aware of the format should relax any anxiety that you Types of Interview There are a variety of interview formats so it’s best to know in advance which one you’ll be faced with before the big day. Telephone or Skype Interviews This type of interview is usually used by recruiters to create a short-list for a position. Plan ahead and make sure you’re somewhere quiet with no distractions ahead of the call. Face-to-face interview Face-to-face interviews are usually carried out by one or two people, although there is a possibility that you will have to face a panel (see below). As well as asking about your skills, these interviews are an opportunity for both parties to engage in a two-way conversation about the role. Typically, face-to-face interviews can last between 30 minutes to two hours. Panel Interview In a panel interview, several people will be involved. Make sure to make eye contact with the person asking the question, but acknowledge all of the interviewers by looking around at everyone when you’re delivering your answer. Competency or technical interviews Here, you will be tested on specific skills and technical capabilities related to the job. As well as tests, expect technical questions from your interviewer too. 24 Sponsored by What Recruiters Want During an interview, the recruiter will be assessing more than just your ability to answer questions or how you talk through your CV. Does this candidate want the job and can he/she really do it? If you can demonstrate that you have a good idea of the duties involved in the job, you’ll put some of the doubts in your interviewer’s mind at ease. Also, while you won’t be expected to start work as a fullydeveloped and clued in employee, you should demonstrate that you have the ability to learn quickly. Your employer will want to see potential and willingness from you from the beginning. How do I feel about the candidate? If you don’t know the answer to a question or aren’t sure exactly what it is the interviewer is looking for, be up front and admit it or ask for clarification. Also, if there are any circumstances that are likely to affect your behaviour during the interview, such as a bereavement or illness, make sure to mention it at the beginning. Your interviewer or your panel of interviewers will be more likely to be understanding of your situation if they are aware of it. Is this candidate the best fit? As well as examining your skills and capabilities, your interviewer is likely to be assessing your ability to fit in at the company. Generally, employers favour people who are likeable and have developed good communication and interpersonal skills. Some of the questions you are asked can be revelatory in this respect so be aware that there is more method behind statements like “Tell us about yourself” than you might expect. gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Working life Get off to a good start Many graduates say that they experience something of a culture shock when it comes to starting their first ‘proper’ job. A djusting to life in the become accustomed to early starts and other weekday professional world Just because habits like eating lunch can be difficult you saw workers in strictly between 1–2pm. when you’re dress down mode during starting out in your You’ve got mail your interview, don’t working life. however, you When you start in your new can make it easier on assume that this job make sure to familiarise yourself by following some applies to you. yourself with company email of our helpful hints. and internet usage policy. it may Wake up! be that it’s against the rules to use When you start a new job you’ll need to get email for anything other than business your body clock into a routine. if you’re functions and communication so don’t make working 9–5 Monday to Friday, this can take the mistake of telling friends and family how some getting used to but you’ll quickly your first day is going on your company www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com Sponsored by 25 >> Working life account. Also, there may be restrictions on using the internet or personal email, even during lunch and break times. don’t want to cross. even if you’ve graduated with top marks, your co-workers are likely to have more experience in your field so be respectful and the best graduate courteous. employees are those who show enthusiasm and commitment. Suits you! before you start in your new job, find out what the dress code is. don’t make the mistake of going in on your first day in smart casual wear if you’re expected to dress in a suit. And just because you saw workers in dress down mode during your interview, don’t assume that this applies to you. Ask your direct report well in advance about how you should present yourself on your first day. It’s a fine line be respectful to other employees and understand that there is a very fine line between arrogance and confidence that you 26 Sponsored by Commit yourself Many employers believe that the best graduate employees are those who show enthusiasm and commitment to their roles, and are willing to help out in other areas when required. even if you’ve been assigned to filing reports duty, it’s your chance to learn more about the business and show that you are indeed a team player. gradireland’s Top tip It’s never a good idea to show up for work late, but tardiness on your first day is a potential disaster. So, if you’re not sure how long it’s going to take you to get to work, do a practice run in rush hour before your start date. gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Managing your money Protecting your pay packet Effective planning and smart saving can help you to manage your money and avoid a debt spiral. M ost graduates understand that managing money on a weekly or monthly basis is a fact of third level life. however, once you’ve landed your first job and received your first pay slip, try to resist the urge to spend, spend, spend. instead, transfer your hardearned economising skills to your professional life and you’ll reap the benefits in no time. here’s how. Jennie Fitzgerald, student officer at Aib’s ucd branch, has some savvy financial advice for graduates. “Most graduates, like many of our customers, are very sensible when it comes to managing their money. in fact, we find that the majority of loan applications tend to be geared towards investment in further education rather than discretionary items like holidays or cars, for example. “one of the most common difficulties for those entering the workforce after graduation is how they manage their salary each month. After all, it’s likely that many won’t be used to receiving a relatively large amount of money on a regular basis<” says Jennie. For help and guidance, graduates can call Aib’s dedicated graduate centre or drop in to a branch for a chat with one of the many student officers available throughout the network. “Also, to assist graduates in keeping tabs on income and expenditure, we’d suggest setting up online banking. it’s a very straightforward process and allows users to monitor their www.aib.ie/graduates | gradireland.com spending habits as often as they like. What’s more, graduates can register for Aib phone & internet banking for free,” adds Jennie. student officers and advisors also encourage graduates to open a savings account, where they can transfer any extra funds that they may have each month. this obviously helps when it comes to making major purchases, but also has the added benefit of establishing a good savings routine that will be crucial later in life. Track your spending the first step to being financially sensible is to keep track of how you’re spending your money, and more importantly, what you’re spending it on. it’s a simple process – Aib has a number of calculators and tools available through its website and Mobile & tablet banking Apps for iphone and Android but, if you can’t fork out for a snazzy gadget, the old-fashioned notebook will do the trick. if you get into the habit of recording your daily outgoings, you’ll have a clear picture at the end of the month of where you need to cut back – or better still, how you can reward yourself for being so thrifty! Make a budget once you’re aware of where your money is going, draw up a monthly budget to match your incomings with your outgoings as best you can. Again, you can use pen and paper but Sponsored by 27 >> Managing your money Beware false economies the ‘my money manager’ tool on the new Aib tablet banking app is even better as it allows you to track your income and expenditure and see how you are spending your money. it will also provide you with the ability to create budgets and set savings goals. After two or three months, you should start to see trends in your financial situation emerge. Your budget, once you stick to it, should help you avoid serious debt. so, if your basic accounting skills are on the money, then your bank balance should be too. Your friend may seem able to afford going out on the town every night decked out in designer gear, but that doesn’t mean you can. You have to live within your own budget – deal with it. Change your attitude to saving Get drastic with plastic budgets tend to get a bad rap because people see them as the reason they can’t do all the fun things they want. this kind of mindset makes saving feel like a real chore. instead remind yourself what you’re saving for (a holiday, a car, or even financial independence) and motivate yourself towards that goal. You’ll soon start to take pride in what you’ve managed to squirrel away. it doesn’t take long to run up large debts with a credit card, particularly if you have a high credit limit. visa debit cards*, which are available to all students and graduates with Aib accounts, allow you to make payments online without the risk of finding yourself in the red. however, if you do land yourself in hock with a credit card, making the minimum repayment won’t cut it – in fact, it’s unlikely to dent the interest, let alone the principal. so avoid being pennywise and pound foolish when it comes to plastic. Create an emergency fund if possible, add in an extra field in your budget under expenditure and call it “emergency Fund.” this is the cash that you’re going to set aside each month in case you need a relatively large sum at a moment’s notice. try to add to your fund as regularly as you can – you never know when it’ll come in handy. Sign up if you’re an Aib customer, register for Aib’s phone internet banking so you can download the Mobile & tablet banking apps. As well as knowing your balance (and limitations) in an instant, you can also keep tabs on your account in case any unexpected payments are withdrawn. 28 Sponsored by being frugal today can often cost you more money tomorrow. that digital tv contract you signed up for because the first two months were free might not seem so appealing now. Don’t live someone else’s lifestyle Deal with your debt debt accumulated over your college years should not be put on the long finger. interest can build fast so work out a repayment plan as soon as possible. but make sure your plan is manageable – having to borrow to meet your repayments really defeats the purpose. *debit cards are liable to annual government stamp duty. currently, €2.50 applies where the card is used for an AtM/in branch transaction and €5 per card applies, where the card is used for both. Check out… www.aib.ie/personal/lifestages/your-money for more useful tips on how to stay in control of your cash. gradireland.com | www.aib.ie/graduates Register NOW on gradireland to receive: FR EE Online Assessments CAREERS FAIRS and recruitment event alerts Register for job alerts Follow us on Register with gradireland.com JOB ALERTS relevant to your career choices Further study Course information Careers advice JOBS At Aib we understand the challenges facing our customers and it is our aim to support them at all times. We are delighted to be involved in this new publication which will provide support and advice for graduates and will help them on the road to their chosen career. Aib is committed to working with irish companies and are pleased to partner with gti ireland in producing this graduate publication. Allied irish banks, p.l.c. is regulated by the central bank of ireland. gti ireland is the official careers publishing partner of the Association of higher education careers services and works closely with them and their member careers services to publish the gradireland and postgradireland series, the websites gradireland.com and postgradireland.com, several national fairs and an annual employers’ awards event. More details on the work of Ahecs can be found at www.ahecs.ie. gradireland 14–16 Lord edward street dublin 2 +353 (0)1 645 1500 [email protected]
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